101
|
Belur Nagaraj A, Kovalenko O, Avelar R, Joseph P, Brown A, Surti A, Mantilla S, DiFeo A. Mitotic Exit Dysfunction through the Deregulation of APC/C Characterizes Cisplatin-Resistant State in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4588-4601. [PMID: 29653924 PMCID: PMC6139058 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Acquired resistance to cisplatin is a major barrier to success in treatment of various cancers, and understanding mitotic mechanisms unique to cisplatin-resistant cancer cells can provide the basis for developing novel mitotic targeted therapies aimed at eradicating these cells.Experimental Design: Using cisplatin-resistant models derived from primary patient epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells, we have explored the status of mitotic exit mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant cells.Results: We have uncovered an unexpected role of long-term cisplatin treatment in inducing mitotic exit vulnerability characterized by increased spindle checkpoint activity and functional dependency on Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) for mitotic exit in the presence of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) dysfunction in a cisplatin-resistant state. Accordingly, PLK1 inhibition decreased the survival of cisplatin-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo and exacerbated spindle checkpoint response in these cells. APC/CCDC20 inhibition increased sensitivity to pharmacologic PLK1 inhibition, further confirming the existence of APC/C dysfunction in cisplatin-resistant cells. In addition, we uncovered that resistance to volasertib, PLK1 inhibitor, is due to maintenance of cells with low PLK1 expression. Accordingly, stable PLK1 downregulation in cisplatin-resistant cells induced tolerance to volasertib.Conclusions: We provide the first evidence of APC/C dysfunction in cisplatin-resistant state, suggesting that understanding APC/C functions in cisplatin-resistant state could provide a basis for developing novel mitotic exit-based therapies to eradicate cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Our results also show that PLK1 downregulation could underlie emergence of resistance to PLK1-targeted therapies in cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4588-601. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Belur Nagaraj
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Olga Kovalenko
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rita Avelar
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Annalyn Brown
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Arshia Surti
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sandra Mantilla
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Jones MC, Askari JA, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Cell adhesion is regulated by CDK1 during the cell cycle. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3203-3218. [PMID: 29930204 PMCID: PMC6122981 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most tissues, anchorage-dependent growth and cell cycle progression are dependent on cells engaging extracellular matrices (ECMs) via integrin-receptor adhesion complexes. In a highly conserved manner, cells disassemble adhesion complexes, round up, and retract from their surroundings before division, suggestive of a primordial link between the cell cycle machinery and the regulation of cell adhesion to the ECM. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) mediates this link. CDK1, in complex with cyclin A2, promotes adhesion complex and actin cytoskeleton organization during interphase and mediates a large increase in adhesion complex area as cells transition from G1 into S. Adhesion complex area decreases in G2, and disassembly occurs several hours before mitosis. This loss requires elevated cyclin B1 levels and is caused by inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1-cyclin complexes. The inactivation of CDK1 is therefore the trigger that initiates remodeling of adhesion complexes and the actin cytoskeleton in preparation for rapid entry into mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Baumgartner M, Olthof AM, Aquino GS, Hyatt KC, Lemoine C, Drake K, Sturrock N, Nguyen N, Al Seesi S, Kanadia RN. Minor spliceosome inactivation causes microcephaly, owing to cell cycle defects and death of self-amplifying radial glial cells. Development 2018; 145:dev.166322. [PMID: 30093551 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutation in minor spliceosome components is linked to the developmental disorder microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD1). Here, we inactivated the minor spliceosome in the developing mouse cortex (pallium) by ablating Rnu11, which encodes the crucial minor spliceosome small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U11. Rnu11 conditional knockout mice were born with microcephaly, which was caused by the death of self-amplifying radial glial cells (RGCs), while intermediate progenitor cells and neurons were produced. RNA sequencing suggested that this cell death was mediated by upregulation of p53 (Trp53 - Mouse Genome Informatics) and DNA damage, which were both observed specifically in U11-null RGCs. Moreover, U11 loss caused elevated minor intron retention in genes regulating the cell cycle, which was consistent with fewer RGCs in S-phase and cytokinesis, alongside prolonged metaphase in RGCs. In all, we found that self-amplifying RGCs are the cell type most sensitive to loss of minor splicing. Together, these findings provide a potential explanation of how disruption of minor splicing might cause microcephaly in MOPD1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Baumgartner
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anouk M Olthof
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Gabriela S Aquino
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Katery C Hyatt
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Christopher Lemoine
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kyle Drake
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Nikita Sturrock
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nhut Nguyen
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sahar Al Seesi
- Computer Science Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rahul N Kanadia
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA .,Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Li J, Tang JX, Cheng JM, Hu B, Wang YQ, Aalia B, Li XY, Jin C, Wang XX, Deng SL, Zhang Y, Chen SR, Qian WP, Sun QY, Huang XX, Liu YX. Cyclin B2 can compensate for Cyclin B1 in oocyte meiosis I. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3901-3911. [PMID: 30097513 PMCID: PMC6219713 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B1 and its interaction with CDK1 are thought to be critical for meiosis I progression in oocytes. However, using oocyte-specific conditional knockouts, Li et al. show that Cyclin B2 activity can compensate for Cyclin B1 to trigger meiosis resumption. Mammalian oocytes are arrested at the prophase of the first meiotic division for months and even years, depending on species. Meiotic resumption of fully grown oocytes requires activation of M-phase–promoting factor (MPF), which is composed of Cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). It has long been believed that Cyclin B1 synthesis/accumulation and its interaction with CDK1 is a prerequisite for MPF activation in oocytes. In this study, we revealed that oocyte meiotic resumption occurred in the absence of Cyclin B1. Ccnb1-null oocytes resumed meiosis and extruded the first polar body. Without Cyclin B1, CDK1 could be activated by up-regulated Cyclin B2. Ccnb1 and Ccnb2 double knockout permanently arrested the oocytes at the prophase of the first meiotic division. Oocyte-specific Ccnb1-null female mice were infertile due to failed MPF activity elevation and thus premature interphase-like stage entry in the second meiotic division. These results have revealed a hidden compensatory mechanism between Cyclin B1 and Cyclin B2 in regulating MPF and oocyte meiotic resumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Mei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bian Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Batool Aalia
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Ren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Xu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Dogra N, Kumar A, Mukhopadhyay T. Fenbendazole acts as a moderate microtubule destabilizing agent and causes cancer cell death by modulating multiple cellular pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11926. [PMID: 30093705 PMCID: PMC6085345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs that are already clinically approved or experimentally tested for conditions other than cancer, but are found to possess previously unrecognized cytotoxicity towards malignant cells, may serve as fitting anti-cancer candidates. Methyl N-(6-phenylsulfanyl-1H benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate [Fenbendazole, FZ], a benzimidazole compound, is a safe and inexpensive anthelmintic drug possessing an efficient anti-proliferative activity. In our earlier work, we reported a potent growth-inhibitory activity of FZ caused partially by impairment of proteasomal function. Here, we show that FZ demonstrates moderate affinity for mammalian tubulin and exerts cytotoxicity to human cancer cells at micromolar concentrations. Simultaneously, it caused mitochondrial translocation of p53 and effectively inhibited glucose uptake, expression of GLUT transporters as well as hexokinase (HK II) - a key glycolytic enzyme that most cancer cells thrive on. It blocked the growth of human xenografts in nu/nu mice model when mice were fed with the drug orally. The results, in conjunction with our earlier data, suggest that FZ is a new microtubule interfering agent that displays anti-neoplastic activity and may be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent because of its effect on multiple cellular pathways leading to effective elimination of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilambra Dogra
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Tapas Mukhopadhyay
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Gerhold AR, Poupart V, Labbé JC, Maddox PS. Spindle assembly checkpoint strength is linked to cell fate in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1435-1448. [PMID: 29688794 PMCID: PMC6014101 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a conserved mitotic regulator that preserves genome stability by monitoring kinetochore-microtubule attachments and blocking anaphase onset until chromosome biorientation is achieved. Despite its central role in maintaining mitotic fidelity, the ability of the SAC to delay mitotic exit in the presence of kinetochore-microtubule attachment defects (SAC "strength") appears to vary widely. How different cellular aspects drive this variation remains largely unknown. Here we show that SAC strength is correlated with cell fate during development of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, with germline-fated cells experiencing longer mitotic delays upon spindle perturbation than somatic cells. These differences are entirely dependent on an intact checkpoint and only partially attributable to differences in cell size. In two-cell embryos, cell size accounts for half of the difference in SAC strength between the larger somatic AB and the smaller germline P1 blastomeres. The remaining difference requires asymmetric cytoplasmic partitioning downstream of PAR polarity proteins, suggesting that checkpoint-regulating factors are distributed asymmetrically during early germ cell divisions. Our results indicate that SAC activity is linked to cell fate and reveal a hitherto unknown interaction between asymmetric cell division and the SAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Gerhold
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vincent Poupart
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Labbé
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Paul S Maddox
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Sandquist JC, Larson ME, Woolner S, Ding Z, Bement WM. An interaction between myosin-10 and the cell cycle regulator Wee1 links spindle dynamics to mitotic progression in epithelia. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:849-859. [PMID: 29321170 PMCID: PMC5839792 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper spindle orientation must be achieved before anaphase onset, but whether and how cells link spindle position to anaphase onset is unknown. Sandquist, Larson, et al. identify a novel interaction between the motor protein myosin-10 and the cell cycle regulator wee1 that is proposed to help coordinate preanaphase spindle dynamics and positioning with mitotic exit. Anaphase in epithelia typically does not ensue until after spindles have achieved a characteristic position and orientation, but how or even if cells link spindle position to anaphase onset is unknown. Here, we show that myosin-10 (Myo10), a motor protein involved in epithelial spindle dynamics, binds to Wee1, a conserved regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). Wee1 inhibition accelerates progression through metaphase and disrupts normal spindle dynamics, whereas perturbing Myo10 function delays anaphase onset in a Wee1-dependent manner. Moreover, Myo10 perturbation increases Wee1-mediated inhibitory phosphorylation on Cdk1, which, unexpectedly, concentrates at cell–cell junctions. Based on these and other results, we propose a model in which the Myo10–Wee1 interaction coordinates attainment of spindle position and orientation with anaphase onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Sandquist
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA .,Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew E Larson
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sarah Woolner
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Zhiwei Ding
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA
| | - William M Bement
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI .,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Greaney J, Wei Z, Homer H. Regulation of chromosome segregation in oocytes and the cellular basis for female meiotic errors. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 24:135-161. [PMID: 29244163 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meiotic chromosome segregation in human oocytes is notoriously error-prone, especially with ageing. Such errors markedly reduce the reproductive chances of increasing numbers of women embarking on pregnancy later in life. However, understanding the basis for these errors is hampered by limited access to human oocytes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Important new discoveries have arisen from molecular analyses of human female recombination and aneuploidy along with high-resolution analyses of human oocyte maturation and mouse models. Here, we review these findings to provide a contemporary picture of the key players choreographing chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes and the cellular basis for errors. SEARCH METHODS A search of PubMed was conducted using keywords including meiosis, oocytes, recombination, cohesion, cohesin complex, chromosome segregation, kinetochores, spindle, aneuploidy, meiotic cell cycle, spindle assembly checkpoint, anaphase-promoting complex, DNA damage, telomeres, mitochondria, female ageing and female fertility. We extracted papers focusing on mouse and human oocytes that best aligned with the themes of this review and that reported transformative and novel discoveries. OUTCOMES Meiosis incorporates two sequential rounds of chromosome segregation executed by a spindle whose component microtubules bind chromosomes via kinetochores. Cohesion mediated by the cohesin complex holds chromosomes together and should be resolved at the appropriate time, in a specific step-wise manner and in conjunction with meiotically programmed kinetochore behaviour. In women, the stage is set for meiotic error even before birth when female-specific crossover maturation inefficiency leads to the formation of at-risk recombination patterns. In adult life, multiple co-conspiring factors interact with at-risk crossovers to increase the likelihood of mis-segregation. Available evidence support that these factors include, but are not limited to, cohesion deterioration, uncoordinated sister kinetochore behaviour, erroneous microtubule attachments, spindle instability and structural chromosomal defects that impact centromeres and telomeres. Data from mice indicate that cohesin and centromere-specific histones are long-lived proteins in oocytes. Since these proteins are pivotal for chromosome segregation, but lack any obvious renewal pathway, their deterioration with age provides an appealing explanation for at least some of the problems in older oocytes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Research in the mouse model has identified a number of candidate genes and pathways that are important for chromosome segregation in this species. However, many of these have not yet been investigated in human oocytes so it is uncertain at this stage to what extent they apply to women. The challenge for the future involves applying emerging knowledge of female meiotic molecular regulation towards improving clinical fertility management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Greaney
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Zhe Wei
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Hayden Homer
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Alfieri C, Zhang S, Barford D. Visualizing the complex functions and mechanisms of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Open Biol 2017; 7:170204. [PMID: 29167309 PMCID: PMC5717348 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that orchestrates cell cycle progression by mediating the degradation of important cell cycle regulators. During the two decades since its discovery, much has been learnt concerning its role in recognizing and ubiquitinating specific proteins in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, the mechanisms governing substrate specificity, the catalytic process of assembling polyubiquitin chains on its target proteins, and its regulation by phosphorylation and the spindle assembly checkpoint. The past few years have witnessed significant progress in understanding the quantitative mechanisms underlying these varied APC/C functions. This review integrates the overall functions and properties of the APC/C with mechanistic insights gained from recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies of reconstituted human APC/C complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alfieri
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Suyang Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Ghith A, Ismail NS, Youssef K, Abouzid KA. Medicinal Attributes of Thienopyrimidine Based Scaffold Targeting Tyrosine Kinases and Their Potential Anticancer Activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Ghith
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Future University in Egypt; Cairo Egypt
| | - Nasser S.M. Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Future University in Egypt; Cairo Egypt
| | - Khairia Youssef
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Future University in Egypt; Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled A.M. Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ain Shams University; Abbassia, Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Bischof J, Brand CA, Somogyi K, Májer I, Thome S, Mori M, Schwarz US, Lénárt P. A cdk1 gradient guides surface contraction waves in oocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:849. [PMID: 29021609 PMCID: PMC5636809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface contraction waves (SCWs) in oocytes and embryos lead to large-scale shape changes coupled to cell cycle transitions and are spatially coordinated with the cell axis. Here, we show that SCWs in the starfish oocyte are generated by a traveling band of myosin II-driven cortical contractility. At the front of the band, contractility is activated by removal of cdk1 inhibition of the RhoA/RhoA kinase/myosin II signaling module, while at the rear, contractility is switched off by negative feedback originating downstream of RhoA kinase. The SCW's directionality and speed are controlled by a spatiotemporal gradient of cdk1-cyclinB. This gradient is formed by the release of cdk1-cyclinB from the asymmetrically located nucleus, and progressive degradation of cyclinB. By combining quantitative imaging, biochemical and mechanical perturbations with mathematical modeling, we demonstrate that the SCWs result from the spatiotemporal integration of two conserved regulatory modules, cdk1-cyclinB for cell cycle regulation and RhoA/Rok/NMYII for actomyosin contractility.Surface contraction waves (SCWs) are prominent shape changes coupled to cell cycle transitions in oocytes. Here the authors show that SCWs are patterned by the spatiotemporal integration of two conserved modules, cdk1-cyclinB for cell cycle regulation and RhoA/Rok/NMYII for actomyosin contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bischof
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph A Brand
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kálmán Somogyi
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Imre Májer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Thome
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masashi Mori
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Lénárt
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Lane SIR, Jones KT. Chromosome biorientation and APC activity remain uncoupled in oocytes with reduced volume. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3949-3957. [PMID: 28978643 PMCID: PMC5716262 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lane and Jones use serial bisection of mouse oocytes to analyze the influence of cytoplasmic volume on spindle assembly checkpoint function. Volume reduction promotes inhibition of APC but cannot prevent chromosome segregation errors at anaphase. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents chromosome missegregation by coupling anaphase onset with correct chromosome attachment and tension to microtubules. It does this by generating a diffusible signal from free kinetochores into the cytoplasm, inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). The volume in which this signal remains effective is unknown. This raises the possibility that cell volume may be the reason the SAC is weak, and chromosome segregation error-prone, in mammalian oocytes. Here, by a process of serial bisection, we analyzed the influence of oocyte volume on the ability of the SAC to inhibit bivalent segregation in meiosis I. We were able to generate oocytes with cytoplasmic volumes reduced by 86% and observed changes in APC activity consistent with increased SAC control. However, bivalent biorientation remained uncoupled from APC activity, leading to error-prone chromosome segregation. We conclude that volume is one factor contributing to SAC weakness in oocytes. However, additional factors likely uncouple chromosome biorientation with APC activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon I R Lane
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Hopkins M, Tyson JJ, Novák B. Cell-cycle transitions: a common role for stoichiometric inhibitors. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3437-3446. [PMID: 28931595 PMCID: PMC5687042 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The abrupt and irreversible transitions that drive cells through the DNA replication-division cycle are governed by molecular mechanisms that function as bistable “toggle” switches. A common theme of these switches is a network motif consisting of a “beleaguered” enzyme and its “domineering” substrate, locked in a feedback amplification loop. The cell division cycle is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate their chromosomes and partition them to two daughter cells. To maintain the integrity of the genome, proliferating cells must be able to block progression through the division cycle at key transition points (called “checkpoints”) if there have been problems in the replication of the chromosomes or their biorientation on the mitotic spindle. These checkpoints are governed by protein-interaction networks, composed of phase-specific cell-cycle activators and inhibitors. Examples include Cdk1:Clb5 and its inhibitor Sic1 at the G1/S checkpoint in budding yeast, APC:Cdc20 and its inhibitor MCC at the mitotic checkpoint, and PP2A:B55 and its inhibitor, alpha-endosulfine, at the mitotic-exit checkpoint. Each of these inhibitors is a substrate as well as a stoichiometric inhibitor of the cell-cycle activator. Because the production of each inhibitor is promoted by a regulatory protein that is itself inhibited by the cell-cycle activator, their interaction network presents a regulatory motif characteristic of a “feedback-amplified domineering substrate” (FADS). We describe how the FADS motif responds to signals in the manner of a bistable toggle switch, and then we discuss how this toggle switch accounts for the abrupt and irreversible nature of three specific cell-cycle checkpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hopkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Béla Novák
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Kollareddy M, Sherrard A, Park JH, Szemes M, Gallacher K, Melegh Z, Oltean S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Kaidi A, Malik K. The small molecule inhibitor YK-4-279 disrupts mitotic progression of neuroblastoma cells, overcomes drug resistance and synergizes with inhibitors of mitosis. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:74-85. [PMID: 28602975 PMCID: PMC5542135 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous pediatric malignancy that includes a high-risk subset for which new therapeutic agents are urgently required. As well as MYCN amplification, activating point mutations of ALK and NRAS are associated with high-risk and relapsing neuroblastoma. As both ALK and RAS signal through the MEK/ERK pathway, we sought to evaluate two previously reported inhibitors of ETS-related transcription factors, which are transcriptional mediators of the Ras-MEK/ERK pathway in other cancers. Here we show that YK-4-279 suppressed growth and triggered apoptosis in nine neuroblastoma cell lines, while BRD32048, another ETV1 inhibitor, was ineffective. These results suggest that YK-4-279 acts independently of ETS-related transcription factors. Further analysis reveals that YK-4-279 induces mitotic arrest in prometaphase, resulting in subsequent cell death. Mechanistically, we show that YK-4-279 inhibits the formation of kinetochore microtubules, with treated cells showing a broad range of abnormalities including multipolar, fragmented and unseparated spindles, together leading to disrupted progression through mitosis. Notably, YK-4-279 does not affect microtubule acetylation, unlike the conventional mitotic poisons paclitaxel and vincristine. Consistent with this, we demonstrate that YK-4-279 overcomes vincristine-induced resistance in two neuroblastoma cell-line models. Furthermore, combinations of YK-4-279 with vincristine, paclitaxel or the Aurora kinase A inhibitor MLN8237/Alisertib show strong synergy, particularly at low doses. Thus, YK-4-279 could potentially be used as a single-agent or in combination therapies for the treatment of high-risk and relapsing neuroblastoma, as well as other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kollareddy
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Sherrard
- Nuclear Dynamics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kelli Gallacher
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zsombor Melegh
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Abderrahmane Kaidi
- Nuclear Dynamics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Gookin S, Min M, Phadke H, Chung M, Moser J, Miller I, Carter D, Spencer SL. A map of protein dynamics during cell-cycle progression and cell-cycle exit. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2003268. [PMID: 28892491 PMCID: PMC5608403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-cycle field has identified the core regulators that drive the cell cycle, but we do not have a clear map of the dynamics of these regulators during cell-cycle progression versus cell-cycle exit. Here we use single-cell time-lapse microscopy of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) activity followed by endpoint immunofluorescence and computational cell synchronization to determine the temporal dynamics of key cell-cycle proteins in asynchronously cycling human cells. We identify several unexpected patterns for core cell-cycle proteins in actively proliferating (CDK2-increasing) versus spontaneously quiescent (CDK2-low) cells, including Cyclin D1, the levels of which we find to be higher in spontaneously quiescent versus proliferating cells. We also identify proteins with concentrations that steadily increase or decrease the longer cells are in quiescence, suggesting the existence of a continuum of quiescence depths. Our single-cell measurements thus provide a rich resource for the field by characterizing protein dynamics during proliferation versus quiescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gookin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingwei Min
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Harsha Phadke
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Iain Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dylan Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sabrina L. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Davey NE, Morgan DO. Building a Regulatory Network with Short Linear Sequence Motifs: Lessons from the Degrons of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Mol Cell 2017; 64:12-23. [PMID: 27716480 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that polyubiquitinates specific substrates at precise times in the cell cycle, thereby triggering the events of late mitosis in a strict order. The robust substrate specificity of the APC/C prevents the potentially deleterious degradation of non-APC/C substrates and also averts the cell-cycle errors and genomic instability that could result from mistimed degradation of APC/C targets. The APC/C recognizes short linear sequence motifs, or degrons, on its substrates. The specific and timely modification and degradation of APC/C substrates is likely to be modulated by variations in degron sequence and context. We discuss the extensive affinity, specificity, and selectivity determinants encoded in APC/C degrons, and we describe some of the extrinsic mechanisms that control APC/C-substrate recognition. As an archetype for protein motif-driven regulation of cell function, the APC/C-substrate interaction provides insights into the general properties of post-translational regulatory systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Davey
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - David O Morgan
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Delayed APC/C activation extends the first mitosis of mouse embryos. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9682. [PMID: 28851945 PMCID: PMC5575289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct temporal regulation of mitosis underpins genomic stability because it ensures the alignment of chromosomes on the mitotic spindle that is required for their proper segregation to the two daughter cells. Crucially, sister chromatid separation must be delayed until all the chromosomes have attached to the spindle; this is achieved by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) that inhibits the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. In many species the first embryonic M-phase is significantly prolonged compared to the subsequent divisions, but the reason behind this has remained unclear. Here, we show that the first M-phase in the mouse embryo is significantly extended due to a delay in APC/C activation. Unlike in somatic cells, where the APC/C first targets cyclin A2 for degradation at nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), we find that in zygotes cyclin A2 remains stable for a significant period of time after NEBD. Our findings that the SAC prevents cyclin A2 degradation, whereas over-expressed Plk1 stimulates it, support our conclusion that the delay in cyclin A2 degradation is caused by low APC/C activity. As a consequence of delayed APC/C activation cyclin B1 stability in the first mitosis is also prolonged, leading to the unusual length of the first M-phase.
Collapse
|
118
|
Lane SIR, Morgan SL, Wu T, Collins JK, Merriman JA, ElInati E, Turner JM, Jones KT. DNA damage induces a kinetochore-based ATM/ATR-independent SAC arrest unique to the first meiotic division in mouse oocytes. Development 2017; 144:3475-3486. [PMID: 28851706 PMCID: PMC5665484 DOI: 10.1242/dev.153965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mouse oocytes carrying DNA damage arrest in meiosis I, thereby preventing creation of embryos with deleterious mutations. The arrest is dependent on activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which results in anaphase-promoting complex (APC) inhibition. However, little is understood about how this checkpoint is engaged following DNA damage. Here, we find that within minutes of DNA damage checkpoint proteins are assembled at the kinetochore, not at damage sites along chromosome arms, such that the APC is fully inhibited within 30 min. Despite this robust response, there is no measurable loss in k-fibres, or tension across the bivalent. Through pharmacological inhibition we observed that the response is dependent on Mps1 kinase, aurora kinase and Haspin. Using oocyte-specific knockouts we find the response does not require the DNA damage response kinases ATM or ATR. Furthermore, checkpoint activation does not occur in response to DNA damage in fully mature eggs during meiosis II, despite the divisions being separated by just a few hours. Therefore, mouse oocytes have a unique ability to sense DNA damage rapidly by activating the checkpoint at their kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon I R Lane
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephanie L Morgan
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Josie K Collins
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julie A Merriman
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elias ElInati
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James M Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Staniforth M, Quan WD, Karsili TNV, Baker LA, O’Reilly RK, Stavros VG. First Step toward a Universal Fluorescent Probe: Unravelling the Photodynamics of an Amino–Maleimide Fluorophore. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6357-6365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staniforth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Dong Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Molecular
Organization and Assembly of Cells Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga N. V. Karsili
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Lewis A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Molecular
Organization and Assembly of Cells Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Liccardi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Luca L Fava
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Karki M, Keyhaninejad N, Shuster CB. Precocious centriole disengagement and centrosome fragmentation induced by mitotic delay. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15803. [PMID: 28607478 PMCID: PMC5474744 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays mitotic progression until all sister chromatid pairs achieve bi-orientation, and while the SAC can maintain mitotic arrest for extended periods, moderate delays in mitotic progression have significant effects on the resulting daughter cells. Here we show that when retinal-pigmented epithelial (RPE1) cells experience mitotic delay, there is a time-dependent increase in centrosome fragmentation and centriole disengagement. While most cells with disengaged centrioles maintain spindle bipolarity, clustering of disengaged centrioles requires the kinesin-14, HSET. Centrosome fragmentation and precocious centriole disengagement depend on separase and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity, which also triggers the acquisition of distal appendage markers on daughter centrioles and the loss of procentriolar markers. Together, these results suggest that moderate delays in mitotic progression trigger the initiation of centriole licensing through centriole disengagement, at which point the ability to maintain spindle bipolarity becomes a function of HSET-mediated spindle pole clustering. The spindle assembly checkpoint delays mitotic progression until sister chromatids are bi-oriented. Here the authors show that moderate delays in mitotic progression induce centrosome fragmentation and centriole disengagement and that spindle bipolarity is ensured by HSET-mediated spindle pole clustering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menuka Karki
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Neda Keyhaninejad
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.,Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Charles B Shuster
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Pellerano M, Tcherniuk S, Perals C, Ngoc Van TN, Garcin E, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Teulade-Fichou MP, Morris MC. Targeting Conformational Activation of CDK2 Kinase. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28430399 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases constitute attractive pharmacological targets for cancer therapeutics, yet inhibitors in clinical trials target the ATP-binding pocket of the CDK and therefore suffer from limited selectivity and emergence of resistance. The more recent development of allosteric inhibitors targeting conformational plasticity of protein kinases offers promising perspectives for therapeutics. In particular tampering with T-loop dynamics of CDK2 kinase would provide a selective means of inhibiting this kinase, by preventing its conformational activation. To this aim we engineered a fluorescent biosensor that specifically reports on conformational changes of CDK2 activation loop and is insensitive to ATP or ATP-competitive inhibitors, which constitutes a highly sensitive probe for identification of selective T-loop modulators. This biosensor was successfully applied to screen a library of small chemical compounds leading to discovery of a family of quinacridine analogs, which potently inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and promote accumulation of cells in S phase and G2. These compounds bind CDK2/ Cyclin A, inhibit its kinase activity, compete with substrate binding, but not with ATP, and dock onto the T-loop of CDK2. The best compound also binds CDK4 and CDK4/Cyclin D1, but not CDK1. The strategy we describe opens new doors for the discovery of a new class of allosteric CDK inhibitors for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Pellerano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Sergey Tcherniuk
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Corine Perals
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Thi Nhu Ngoc Van
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Garcin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | - May C Morris
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
DT-13 synergistically enhanced vinorelbine-mediated mitotic arrest through inhibition of FOXM1-BICD2 axis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2810. [PMID: 28542137 PMCID: PMC5520732 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant disease with the leading cause of cancer-related death. Combination treatment remains the major strategy in the clinical therapy of NSCLC. Vinorelbine (NVB), a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid, is used for advanced and metastatic NSCLC by destabilizing microtubule formation to induce mitotic arrest and cell death. However, the side effect of NVB heavily affected its effectiveness in clinical therapy. Hence, it is of great significance to develop new agents to synergize with NVB and decrease the adverse effect. In our study, we found that the saponin monomer 13 of the dwarf lilyturf tuber, DT-13, exhibiting anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis effect, synergized with NVB to inhibit cell proliferation in NSCLC cells. The synergistic interaction of DT-13 and NVB was confirmed by combination Index values. Also, DT-13 and NVB act in concert to inhibit the long-term colony formation. Furthermore, DT-13/NVB co-treatment cooperated to induce mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that nuclear expression of transcription factors forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and levels of motor adaptor bicaudal D2 (BICD2) were dramatically reduced by combination treatment. Importantly, oncogene FOXM1 was identified as the crucial regulator of BICD2, which played critical roles in NVB-induced mitotic spindle defects. Moreover, overexpression of FOXM1 and BICD2 significantly reversed mitotic arrest induced by DT-13/NVB co-treatment, and siRNAs against both genes greatly increased the combinational effects. In addition, in vivo study revealed that DT-13 combined with NVB significantly suppressed tumor growth in nude mice xenograft model, and downregulated the expression of FOXM1 and BICD2 in tumor tissues, which was consistent with in vitro study. In conclusion, DT-13 might provide a novel strategy for the chemosensitization of NVB in NSCLC therapy.
Collapse
|
124
|
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Regulates EG5 to Control Mitotic Progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1630. [PMID: 28487562 PMCID: PMC5431654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
EG5 (KIF11) is a member of the kinesin-like protein family involved in centrosome separation and bipolar spindle formation. When a cell enters mitosis, CDK1 phosphorylates EG5 at Thr926 and promotes EG5 localization on the mitotic spindle which drives bipolar spindle formation. EG5 provides power for spindle movement and thus controls the dynamics of spindle assembly. However, little is known about EG5 regulation or how EG5 detaches from the spindle upon mitotic exit. In this study we identify EG5 as a novel substrate of PP2A phosphatase, and we show that the PP2A/B55α complex plays an important role in mitotic exit by a mechanism involving EG5. The PP2A/B55α complex physically associates with the EG5 C-terminal tail domain and dephosphorylates EG5 at Thr926 that enables mitotic exit. Conversely PP2A knockdown cells show a high level of phospho-EG5 in late metaphase, which is associated with a delay in mitotic exit. These phenotypic features are similar to those induced by EG5/T926D transfection that mimics phosphorylated EG5 status. Our results argue that PP2A controls mitotic exit through EG5 dephosphorylation. Lack of PP2A leads to abnormal EG5 activation, resulting in delay of mitotic exit.
Collapse
|
125
|
Schnerch D, Schüler J, Follo M, Felthaus J, Wider D, Klingner K, Greil C, Duyster J, Engelhardt M, Wäsch R. Proteasome inhibition enhances the efficacy of volasertib-induced mitotic arrest in AML in vitro and prolongs survival in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21153-21166. [PMID: 28416751 PMCID: PMC5400573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly and frail patients, diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ineligible to undergo intensive treatment, have a dismal prognosis. The small molecule inhibitor volasertib induces a mitotic block via inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 and has shown remarkable anti-leukemic activity when combined with low-dose cytarabine. We have demonstrated that AML cells are highly vulnerable to cell death in mitosis yet manage to escape a mitotic block through mitotic slippage by sustained proteasome-dependent slow degradation of cyclin B. Therefore, we tested whether interfering with mitotic slippage through proteasome inhibition arrests and kills AML cells more efficiently during mitosis. We show that therapeutic doses of bortezomib block the slow degradation of cyclin B during a volasertib-induced mitotic arrest in AML cell lines and patient-derived primary AML cells. In a xenotransplant mouse model of human AML, mice receiving volasertib in combination with bortezomib showed superior disease control compared to mice receiving volasertib alone, highlighting the potential therapeutic impact of this drug combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schnerch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marie Follo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Felthaus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wider
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christine Greil
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
|
127
|
Borg NA, Dixit VM. Ubiquitin in Cell-Cycle Regulation and Dysregulation in Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-040716-075607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation and genomic instability are common features of cancer and can arise from, respectively, the loss of cell-cycle control and defective checkpoints. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ultimately executed by ubiquitin-ligating enzymes (E3s), plays a key part in cell-cycle regulation and is dominated by two multisubunit E3s, the anaphase-promoting complex (or cyclosome) (APC/C) and SKP1–cullin-1–F-box (SCF) complex. We highlight the role of APC/C and the SCF bound to F-box proteins, FBXW7, SKP2, and β-TrCP, in regulating the abundance of select fundamental proteins, primarily during the cell cycle, that are associated with human cancer. The clinical success of the first proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, in treating multiple myeloma and mantle-cell lymphoma set the precedent for viewing the ubiquitin–proteasome system as a druggable target for cancer. Given that there are more E3s than kinases, selective, small-molecule E3 inhibitors have the potential of opening up another dimension in the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Borg
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vishva M. Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Bao J, Li G, Yuan X, Li PL, Gulbins E. Contribution of p62 to Phenotype Transition of Coronary Arterial Myocytes with Defective Autophagy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:555-568. [PMID: 28214847 PMCID: PMC8216328 DOI: 10.1159/000457877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy disorder contributes to dedifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we sought to investigate the role of scaffolding adaptor p62/SQSTM1 (p62) in phenotype switching of mouse coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) induced by CD38 gene deficiency or lysosomal dysfunction which blocks autophagic flux in the cells. Methods: Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining. Cell cycle and proliferation rate were analyzed by flow cytometry and MTS assay respectively. mRNA abundance was tested by qRT-PCR. Results: CD38 gene deficiency or bafilomycin A1 (baf), a selective lysosomal inhibitor treatment increased proliferation rate and vimentin expression in CAMs which was prevented by p62 gene silencing. Cell percentage in G2/M and G0/G1 phase was decreased and increased by CD38 deficiency or baf treatment, respectively which was accompanied by accrual of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) protein. Although free ubiquitin content was increased, the colocalization of it to CDK1 was markedly decreased in CD38−/− or baf treated CAMs. Furthermore, the changes in both cell cycle and CDK1 ubiquitinylation could be restored by p62 gene silencing. Conclusion: The results suggest in CD38−/− or baf treated CAMs, p62 accumulation promotes phenotype transition and proliferation by accelerating cell cycle progress through G2/M which might relate to the compromised ubiquitinylation and degradation of CDK1.
Collapse
|
129
|
Li J, Dang N, Wood DJ, Huang JY. The kinetochore-dependent and -independent formation of the CDC20-MAD2 complex and its functions in HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41072. [PMID: 28112196 PMCID: PMC5253641 DOI: 10.1038/srep41072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) is formed from two sub-complexes of CDC20-MAD2 and BUBR1-BUB3, and current models suggest that it is generated exclusively by the kinetochores after nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). However, neither sub-complex has been visualised in vivo, and when and where they are formed during the cell cycle and their response to different SAC conditions remains elusive. Using single cell analysis in HeLa cells, we show that the CDC20-MAD2 complex is cell cycle regulated with a “Bell” shaped profile and peaks at prometaphase. Its formation begins in early prophase before NEBD when the SAC has not been activated. The complex prevents the premature degradation of cyclin B1. Tpr, a component of the NPCs (nuclear pore complexes), facilitates the formation of this prophase form of the CDC20-MAD2 complex but is inactive later in mitosis. Thus, we demonstrate that the CDC20-MAD2 complex could also be formed independently of the SAC. Moreover, in prolonged arrest caused by nocodazole treatment, the overall levels of the CDC20-MAD2 complex are gradually, but significantly, reduced and this is associated with lower levels of cyclin B1, which brings a new insight into the mechanism of mitotic “slippage” of the arrested cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Li
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nanmao Dang
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel James Wood
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jun-Yong Huang
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Faesen AC, Thanasoula M, Maffini S, Breit C, Müller F, van Gerwen S, Bange T, Musacchio A. Basis of catalytic assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex. Nature 2017; 542:498-502. [PMID: 28102834 PMCID: PMC5448665 DOI: 10.1038/nature21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate genome inheritance by daughter cells requires that sister chromatids in the mother attach to microtubules emanating from opposite poles of the mitotic spindle (bi-orientation). A surveillance mechanism named the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors the microtubule attachment process, temporarily halting sister chromatid separation and mitotic exit until completion of bi-orientation1. SAC failure results in abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy), a hallmark of many tumours. The HORMA domain protein MAD2 is a subunit of the SAC effector mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). Structural conversion from open to closed MAD2 is required for MAD2 incorporation in MCC1. In vitro, MAD2 conversion and MCC assembly requires several hours2–4, while the SAC response in cells is established in a few minutes5–7. To address this discrepancy, we reconstituted with purified components a near-complete SAC signalling system and monitored MCC assembly with real-time sensors. Dramatic acceleration of MAD2 conversion and MCC assembly was observed when MPS1 phosphorylated the MAD1:MAD2 complex, triggering its template function in the MAD2 conversion and contributing to the establishment of a physical platform for MCC assembly. Thus, catalytic activation of the SAC depends on regulated protein-protein interactions that accelerate the spontaneous but rate-limiting conversion of MAD2 required for MCC assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Faesen
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maria Thanasoula
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Breit
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Suzan van Gerwen
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Bange
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße, 45141 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Oh YN, Jin S, Park HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim BW. Sorbus rufopilosa Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma HT29 Cells. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:249-256. [PMID: 28053959 PMCID: PMC5207609 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sorbus rufopilosa, a tsema rowan, is a species of the small ornamental trees in the genus Sorbus and the family Rosaceae found in East Asia. The bioactivities of S. rufopilosa have not yet been fully determined. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of S. rufopilosa (EESR) and to determine the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Methods To examine the antioxidant activity of EESR, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay was performed. Inhibitory effect of EESR on cancer cell growth and proliferation was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. Results EESR showed significant antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on HT29 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. EESR-induced apoptosis was associated with the upregulation of p53, a death receptor Fas, and a pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9, resulting in the degradation of PARP. Conclusions EESR possessing antioxidant activity efficiently inhibits proliferation of HT29 cells by inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. EESR may be a possible candidate for the anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Na Oh
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Soojung Jin
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Di Fiore B, Wurzenberger C, Davey NE, Pines J. The Mitotic Checkpoint Complex Requires an Evolutionary Conserved Cassette to Bind and Inhibit Active APC/C. Mol Cell 2016; 64:1144-1153. [PMID: 27939943 PMCID: PMC5179498 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) ensures genomic stability by preventing sister chromatid separation until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle. It catalyzes the production of the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which inhibits Cdc20 to inactivate the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). Here we show that two Cdc20-binding motifs in BubR1 of the recently identified ABBA motif class are crucial for the MCC to recognize active APC/C-Cdc20. Mutating these motifs eliminates MCC binding to the APC/C, thereby abolishing the SAC and preventing cells from arresting in response to microtubule poisons. These ABBA motifs flank a KEN box to form a cassette that is highly conserved through evolution, both in the arrangement and spacing of the ABBA-KEN-ABBA motifs, and association with the amino-terminal KEN box required to form the MCC. We propose that the ABBA-KEN-ABBA cassette holds the MCC onto the APC/C by binding the two Cdc20 molecules in the MCC-APC/C complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Fiore
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Claudia Wurzenberger
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Norman E Davey
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jonathon Pines
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the persistent inability of a cell to faithfully segregate its genome, is a feature of many cancer cells. It stands to reason that CIN enables the acquisition of multiple cancer hallmarks; however, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that CIN impairs cellular fitness and prevents neoplastic transformation. Here, we suggest a new perspective to reconcile this apparent paradox and share an unexpected link between aneuploidy and aging that was discovered through attempts to investigate the CIN-cancer relationship. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the function and regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates high-fidelity chromosome segregation, and describe the mechanisms that lead to whole-chromosome gain or loss. With this review, we aim to expand our understanding of the role of CIN in cancer and aging with the long-term objective of harnessing this information for the advancement of patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905;
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Manic G, Corradi F, Sistigu A, Siteni S, Vitale I. Molecular Regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by Kinases and Phosphatases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:105-161. [PMID: 28069132 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism contributing to the preservation of genomic stability by monitoring the microtubule attachment to, and/or the tension status of, each kinetochore during mitosis. The SAC halts metaphase to anaphase transition in the presence of unattached and/or untensed kinetochore(s) by releasing the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) from these improperly-oriented kinetochores to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The reversible phosphorylation of a variety of substrates at the kinetochore by antagonistic kinases and phosphatases is one major signaling mechanism for promptly turning on or turning off the SAC. In such a complex network, some kinases act at the apex of the SAC cascade by either generating (monopolar spindle 1, MPS1/TTK and likely polo-like kinase 1, PLK1), or contributing to generate (Aurora kinase B) kinetochore phospho-docking sites for the hierarchical recruitment of the SAC proteins. Aurora kinase B, MPS1 and budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) also promote sister chromatid biorientation by modulating kinetochore microtubule stability. Moreover, MPS1, BUB1, and PLK1 seem to play key roles in APC/C inhibition by mechanisms dependent and/or independent on MCC assembly. The protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are recruited to kinetochores to oppose kinase activity. These phosphatases reverse the phosphorylation of kinetochore targets promoting the microtubule attachment stabilization, sister kinetochore biorientation and SAC silencing. The kinase-phosphatase network is crucial as it renders the SAC a dynamic, graded-signaling, high responsive, and robust process thereby ensuring timely anaphase onset and preventing the generation of proneoplastic aneuploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Sistigu
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Siteni
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Balachandran RS, Heighington CS, Starostina NG, Anderson JW, Owen DL, Vasudevan S, Kipreos ET. The ubiquitin ligase CRL2ZYG11 targets cyclin B1 for degradation in a conserved pathway that facilitates mitotic slippage. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:151-166. [PMID: 27810909 PMCID: PMC5084644 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells arrested in mitosis by inactivation of the APC/C complex sometimes manage to exit mitosis in a process called mitotic slippage, which helps cancer cells circumvent chemotherapy drugs. Balachandran et al. show that mitotic slippage occurs as a result of targeting of cyclin B1 for degradation by the ligase CRL2ZYG11. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase is known to target the degradation of cyclin B1, which is crucial for mitotic progression in animal cells. In this study, we show that the ubiquitin ligase CRL2ZYG-11 redundantly targets the degradation of cyclin B1 in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. In C. elegans, both CRL2ZYG-11 and APC/C are required for proper progression through meiotic divisions. In human cells, inactivation of CRL2ZYG11A/B has minimal effects on mitotic progression when APC/C is active. However, when APC/C is inactivated or cyclin B1 is overexpressed, CRL2ZYG11A/B-mediated degradation of cyclin B1 is required for normal progression through metaphase. Mitotic cells arrested by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which inactivates APC/C, often exit mitosis in a process termed “mitotic slippage,” which generates tetraploid cells and limits the effectiveness of antimitotic chemotherapy drugs. We show that ZYG11A/B subunit knockdown, or broad cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase inactivation with the small molecule MLN4924, inhibits mitotic slippage in human cells, suggesting the potential for antimitotic combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James W Anderson
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - David L Owen
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Edward T Kipreos
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Garvanska DH, Larsen MSY, Nilsson J. Synergistic inhibition of the APC/C by the removal of APC15 in HCT116 cells lacking UBE2C. Biol Open 2016; 5:1441-1448. [PMID: 27591192 PMCID: PMC5087681 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in response to unattached kinetochores by generating a diffusible inhibitor termed the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). At metaphase, rapid activation of the APC/C requires removal of the MCC, a process that has been shown to depend on the APC/C E2 enzymes, UBE2C and UBE2S. Here we investigate the in vivo role of the APC/C E2 enzymes in SAC silencing using CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered HCT116 UBE2C or UBE2S null cell lines. Using live cell assays, we show that UBE2C and UBE2S make a minor contribution to SAC silencing in HCT116 cells. Strikingly, in cells specifically lacking UBE2C, we observe a strong synergistic inhibition of mitotic progression when we stabilize the MCC on the APC/C by depleting APC15, potentially reflecting increased competition between the MCC and the remaining initiating E2 enzyme UBE2D. In conclusion, we provide in vivo insight into the APC/C E2 module and its interplay with SAC silencing components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitriya H Garvanska
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie Sofie Yoo Larsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Smith CA, McAinsh AD, Burroughs NJ. Human kinetochores are swivel joints that mediate microtubule attachments. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27591356 PMCID: PMC5050023 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation is a mechanical process that requires assembly of the mitotic spindle – a dynamic microtubule-based force-generating machine. Connections to this spindle are mediated by sister kinetochore pairs, that form dynamic end-on attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. This bi-orientation generates forces that have been reported to stretch the kinetochore itself, which has been suggested to stabilise attachment and silence the spindle checkpoint. We reveal using three dimensional tracking that the outer kinetochore domain can swivel around the inner kinetochore/centromere, which results in large reductions in intra-kinetochore distance (delta) when viewed in lower dimensions. We show that swivel provides a mechanical flexibility that enables kinetochores at the periphery of the spindle to engage microtubules. Swivel reduces as cells approach anaphase, suggesting an organisational change linked to checkpoint satisfaction and/or obligatory changes in kinetochore mechanochemistry may occur before dissolution of sister chromatid cohesion. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16159.001
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Smith
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells (MOAC) Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J Burroughs
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Liu YQ, Wang XL, Cheng X, Lu YZ, Wang GZ, Li XC, Zhang J, Wen ZS, Huang ZL, Gao QL, Yang LN, Cheng YX, Tao SC, Liu J, Zhou GB. Skp1 in lung cancer: clinical significance and therapeutic efficacy of its small molecule inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34953-67. [PMID: 26474281 PMCID: PMC4741501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp1 is an essential adaptor protein of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex and is able to stabilize the conformation of some ubiquitin E3 ligases. However, the role Skp1 plays during tumorigenesis remains unclear and Skp1-targeting agent is lacking. Here we showed that Skp1 was overexpressed in 36/64 (56.3%) of non-small cell lung cancers, and elevated Skp1 was associated with poor prognosis. By structure-based high-throughput virtual screening, we found some Skp1-targeting molecules including a natural compound 6-O-angeloylplenolin (6-OAP). 6-OAP bound Skp1 at sites critical to Skp1-Skp2 interaction, leading to dissociation and proteolysis of oncogenic E3 ligases NIPA, Skp2, and β-TRCP, and accumulation of their substrates Cyclin B1, P27 and E-Cadherin. 6-OAP induced prometaphase arrest and exerted potent anti-lung cancer activity in two murine models and showed low adverse effect. These results indicate that Skp1 is critical to lung cancer pathogenesis, and Skp1 inhibitor inactivates crucial oncogenic E3 ligases and exhibits significant therapeutic potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qin-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li-Na Yang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Targeting of Fzr/Cdh1 for timely activation of the APC/C at the centrosome during mitotic exit. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12607. [PMID: 27558644 PMCID: PMC5007356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), regulates critical cellular processes including the cell cycle. To accomplish its diverse functions, APC/C activity must be precisely regulated in time and space. The interphase APC/C activator Fizzy-related (Fzr or Cdh1) is localized at centrosomes in animal cells. However, neither the mechanism of its localization nor its importance is clear. Here we identify the centrosome component Spd2 as a major partner of Fzr in Drosophila. The localization of Fzr to the centriole during interphase depends on direct interaction with Spd2. By generating Spd2 mutants unable to bind Fzr, we show that centrosomal localization of Fzr is essential for optimal APC/C activation towards its centrosomal substrate Aurora A. Finally, we show that Spd2 is also a novel APC/CFzr substrate. Our study is the first to demonstrate the critical importance of distinct subcellular pools of APC/C activators in the spatiotemporal control of APC/C activity. The activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) needs to be regulated in time and space to perform different functions. Here the authors show that Spd2 localizes the APC/C activator Fzr at the centrosomes to promote optimal APC/C activity towards its centrosomal substrate Aurora A.
Collapse
|
140
|
Yang X, Xu R, Lin Y, Zhen Y, Wei J, Hu G, Sun H. Recombinant adenovirus of human p66Shc inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31534. [PMID: 27530145 PMCID: PMC4987618 DOI: 10.1038/srep31534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to construct a human recombinant p66Shc adenovirus and to investigate the inhibition of recombinant p66Shc adenovirus on MCF-7 cells. The recombinant adenovirus expression vector was constructed using the Adeno-X Adenoviral System 3. Inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation was determined by MTT. Intracellular ROS was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent probes, and 8-OHdG was detected by ELISA. Cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. Western blot were used to observe protein expression. p66Shc expression was upregulated in 4 cell lines after infection. The inhibitory effect of p66Shc recombinant adenovirus on MCF-7 cells was accompanied by enhanced ROS and 8-OHdG. However, no significant differences were observed in the cell apoptosis rate. The ratio of the cell cycle G2/M phase showed a significant increase. Follow-up experiments demonstrated that the expressions of p53, p-p53, cyclin B1 and CDK1 were upregulated with the overexpression of p66Shc. The Adeno-X Adenoviral System 3 can be used to efficiently construct recombinant adenovirus containing p66Shc gene, and the Adeno-X can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. These results suggested that p66Shc may be a key target for clinical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China.,The key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital &Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China.,The key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital &Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital &Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Jie Wei
- The key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital &Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital &Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongfan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Al Nakouzi N, Wang CK, Beraldi E, Jager W, Ettinger S, Fazli L, Nappi L, Bishop J, Zhang F, Chauchereau A, Loriot Y, Gleave M. Clusterin knockdown sensitizes prostate cancer cells to taxane by modulating mitosis. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:761-78. [PMID: 27198502 PMCID: PMC4931290 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a stress‐activated molecular chaperone that confers treatment resistance to taxanes when highly expressed. While CLU inhibition potentiates activity of taxanes and other anti‐cancer therapies in preclinical models, progression to treatment‐resistant disease still occurs implicating additional compensatory survival mechanisms. Taxanes are believed to selectively target cells in mitosis, a complex mechanism controlled in part by balancing antagonistic roles of Cdc25C and Wee1 in mitosis progression. Our data indicate that CLU silencing induces a constitutive activation of Cdc25C, which delays mitotic exit and hence sensitizes cancer cells to mitotic‐targeting agents such as taxanes. Unchecked Cdc25C activation leads to mitotic catastrophe and cell death unless cells up‐regulate protective mechanisms mediated through the cell cycle regulators Wee1 and Cdk1. In this study, we show that CLU silencing induces a constitutive activation of Cdc25C via the phosphatase PP2A leading to relief of negative feedback inhibition and activation of Wee1‐Cdk1 to promote survival and limit therapeutic efficacy. Simultaneous inhibition of CLU‐regulated cell cycle effector Wee1 may improve synergistic responses of biologically rational combinatorial regimens using taxanes and CLU inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Al Nakouzi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Kedong Wang
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eliana Beraldi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Jager
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan Ettinger
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bishop
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne Chauchereau
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Klochendler A, Caspi I, Corem N, Moran M, Friedlich O, Elgavish S, Nevo Y, Helman A, Glaser B, Eden A, Itzkovitz S, Dor Y. The Genetic Program of Pancreatic β-Cell Replication In Vivo. Diabetes 2016; 65:2081-93. [PMID: 26993067 PMCID: PMC4915587 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular program underlying infrequent replication of pancreatic β-cells remains largely inaccessible. Using transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein in cycling cells, we sorted live, replicating β-cells and determined their transcriptome. Replicating β-cells upregulate hundreds of proliferation-related genes, along with many novel putative cell cycle components. Strikingly, genes involved in β-cell functions, namely, glucose sensing and insulin secretion, were repressed. Further studies using single-molecule RNA in situ hybridization revealed that in fact, replicating β-cells double the amount of RNA for most genes, but this upregulation excludes genes involved in β-cell function. These data suggest that the quiescence-proliferation transition involves global amplification of gene expression, except for a subset of tissue-specific genes, which are "left behind" and whose relative mRNA amount decreases. Our work provides a unique resource for the study of replicating β-cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Klochendler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Caspi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Corem
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Moran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oriel Friedlich
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, and Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, and Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aharon Helman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Eden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Magidson V, He J, Ault JG, O'Connell CB, Yang N, Tikhonenko I, McEwen BF, Sui H, Khodjakov A. Unattached kinetochores rather than intrakinetochore tension arrest mitosis in taxol-treated cells. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:307-19. [PMID: 26833787 PMCID: PMC4748573 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol induces extensive structural reorganization of the mammalian kinetochore; however, this reorganization is not sufficient to maintain a long-term mitotic arrest unless some of the kinetochores completely lose their attachment to microtubules. Kinetochores attach chromosomes to the spindle microtubules and signal the spindle assembly checkpoint to delay mitotic exit until all chromosomes are attached. Light microscopy approaches aimed to indirectly determine distances between various proteins within the kinetochore (termed Delta) suggest that kinetochores become stretched by spindle forces and compact elastically when the force is suppressed. Low Delta is believed to arrest mitotic progression in taxol-treated cells. However, the structural basis of Delta remains unknown. By integrating same-kinetochore light microscopy and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the value of Delta is affected by the variability in the shape and size of outer kinetochore domains. The outer kinetochore compacts when spindle forces are maximal during metaphase. When the forces are weakened by taxol treatment, the outer kinetochore expands radially and some kinetochores completely lose microtubule attachment, a condition known to arrest mitotic progression. These observations offer an alternative interpretation of intrakinetochore tension and question whether Delta plays a direct role in the control of mitotic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Magidson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Jie He
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Jeffrey G Ault
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | | | - Nachen Yang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Irina Tikhonenko
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Bruce F McEwen
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201 School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Haixin Sui
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201 School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Alexey Khodjakov
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Vora SM, Phillips BT. The benefits of local depletion: The centrosome as a scaffold for ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2124-2134. [PMID: 27294844 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1196306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells but is dispensable for proper microtubule spindle formation in many biological contexts and is thus thought to fulfill additional functions. Recent observations suggest that the centrosome acts as a scaffold for proteasomal degradation in the cell to regulate a variety of biological processes including cell fate acquisition, cell cycle control, stress response, and cell morphogenesis. Here, we review the body of studies indicating a role for the centrosome in promoting proteasomal degradation of ubiquitin-proteasome substrates and explore the functional relevance of this system in different biological contexts. We discuss a potential role for the centrosome in coordinating local degradation of proteasomal substrates, allowing cells to achieve stringent spatiotemporal control over various signaling processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setu M Vora
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Bryan T Phillips
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Höckner S, Neumann-Arnold L, Seufert W. Dual control by Cdk1 phosphorylation of the budding yeast APC/C ubiquitin ligase activator Cdh1. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2198-212. [PMID: 27226481 PMCID: PMC4945139 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-11-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antagonism between cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and the ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1 is central to eukaryotic cell cycle control. APC/C-Cdh1 targets cyclin B and other regulatory proteins for degradation, whereas Cdks disable APC/C-Cdh1 through phosphorylation of the Cdh1 activator protein at multiple sites. Budding yeast Cdh1 carries nine Cdk phosphorylation sites in its N-terminal regulatory domain, most or all of which contribute to inhibition. However, the precise role of individual sites has remained unclear. Here, we report that the Cdk phosphorylation sites of yeast Cdh1 are organized into autonomous subgroups and act through separate mechanisms. Cdk sites 1-3 had no direct effect on the APC/C binding of Cdh1 but inactivated a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and thereby controlled the partitioning of Cdh1 between cytoplasm and nucleus. In contrast, Cdk sites 4-9 did not influence the cell cycle-regulated localization of Cdh1 but prevented its binding to the APC/C. Cdk sites 4-9 reside near two recently identified APC/C interaction motifs in a pattern conserved with the human Cdh1 orthologue. Thus a Cdk-inhibited NLS goes along with Cdk-inhibited APC/C binding sites in yeast Cdh1 to relay the negative control by Cdk1 phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Höckner
- Department of Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lea Neumann-Arnold
- Department of Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Seufert
- Department of Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Weiderhold KN, Fadri-Moskwik M, Pan J, Nishino M, Chuang C, Deeraksa A, Lin SH, Yu-Lee LY. Dynamic Phosphorylation of NudC by Aurora B in Cytokinesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153455. [PMID: 27074040 PMCID: PMC4830538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear distribution protein C (NudC) is a mitotic regulator that plays a role in cytokinesis. However, how NudC is regulated during cytokinesis remains unclear. Here, we show that NudC is phosphorylated by Aurora B, a kinase critical for cell abscission. NudC is co-localized with Aurora B at the midbody and co-immunoprecipitated with Aurora B in mitosis. Inhibition of Aurora B by ZM447439 reduced NudC phosphorylation, suggesting that NudC is an Aurora B substrate in vivo. We identified T40 on NudC as an Aurora B phosphorylation site. NudC depletion resulted in cytokinesis failure with a dramatic elongation of the intercellular bridge between daughter cells, sustained Aurora B activity at the midbody, and reduced cell abscission. These cytokinetic defects can be rescued by the ectopic expression of wild-type NudC. Reconstitution with T40A phospho-defective NudC was found to rescue the cytokinesis defect. In contrast, reconstitution with the T40D phospho-mimetic NudC was inefficient in supporting the completion of cytokinesis. These results suggest that that dynamic phosphorylation of NudC by Aurora B regulates cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Weiderhold
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Fadri-Moskwik
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michiya Nishino
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carol Chuang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Interphase APC/C-Cdc20 inhibition by cyclin A2-Cdk2 ensures efficient mitotic entry. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10975. [PMID: 26960431 PMCID: PMC4792957 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cell-cycle progression requires tight temporal control of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a large ubiquitin ligase that is activated by one of two co-activators, Cdh1 or Cdc20. APC/C and Cdc20 are already present during interphase but APC/C-Cdc20 regulation during this window of the cell cycle, if any, is unknown. Here we show that cyclin A2-Cdk2 binds and phosphorylates Cdc20 in interphase and this inhibits APC/C-Cdc20 activity. Preventing Cdc20 phosphorylation results in pre-mature activation of the APC/C-Cdc20 and several substrates, including cyclin B1 and A2, are destabilized which lengthens G2 and slows mitotic entry. Expressing non-degradable cyclin A2 but not cyclin B1 restores mitotic entry in these cells. We have thus uncovered a novel positive feedback loop centred on cyclin A2-Cdk2 inhibition of interphase APC/C-Cdc20 to allow further cyclin A2 accumulation and mitotic entry.
Collapse
|
148
|
Expression and Clinical Role of Cdc5L as a Novel Cell Cycle Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:795-805. [PMID: 26553251 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle 5-like (Cdc5L), as a pre-mRNA splicing factor, is a regulator of mitotic progression. Previous study found that deletion of endogenous Cdc5L decreases the cell viability via dramatic mitotic arrest, while the role of Cdc5L in cancer biology remains under debate. AIMS To investigate the involvement of Cdc5L in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this study, the expression of Cdc5L was evaluated by Western blot in 8 paired fresh HCC tissues and immunohistochemistry on 116 paraffin-embedded slices. We treated HCC cells by nocodazole to analyze the role of Cdc5L in mitotic progress. To determine whether Cdc5L could regulate the proliferation of HCC cells, we increased endogenous Cdc5L and analyzed the proliferation of HCC cells using Western blot, CCK8, flow cytometry assays, and colony formation analyses. Furthermore, Cdc5L-siRNA oligos were used to confirm that Cdc5L plays an essential role in HCC development. RESULTS Cdc5L was highly expressed in HCC and significantly associated with multiple clinicopathological factors, including AJCC stage, tumor size, and Ki-67. Besides, univariate and multivariate survival analyses demonstrated that high Cdc5L expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients' poor survival. Overexpression of Cdc5L favors cell cycle progress of HCC cells, while downregulation of Cdc5L results in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and reduced cell proliferation of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that Cdc5L could play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HCC and thus be a potential therapeutical target to prevent HCC progression.
Collapse
|
149
|
Boekhout M, Yuan R, Wondergem AP, Segeren HA, van Liere EA, Awol N, Jansen I, Wolthuis RMF, de Bruin A, Westendorp B. Feedback regulation between atypical E2Fs and APC/CCdh1 coordinates cell cycle progression. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:414-27. [PMID: 26882548 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors control the oscillating expression pattern of multiple target genes during the cell cycle. Activator E2Fs, E2F1-3, induce an upswing of E2F targets, which is essential for the G1-to-S phase transition, whereas atypical E2Fs, E2F7 and E2F8, mediate a downswing of the same targets during late S, G2, and M phases. Expression of atypical E2Fs is induced by E2F1-3, but it is unknown how atypical E2Fs are inactivated in a timely manner. Here, we demonstrate that E2F7 and E2F8 are substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Removal of CDH1, or mutating the CDH1-interacting KEN boxes, stabilized E2F7/8 from anaphase onwards and during G1. Expressing KEN mutant E2F7 during G1 impairs S phase entry and eventually results in cell death. Furthermore, we show that E2F8, but not E2F7, interacts also with APC/C(C) (dc20). Importantly, atypical E2Fs can activate APC/C(C) (dh1) by repressing its inhibitors cyclin A, cyclin E, and Emi1. In conclusion, we discovered a feedback loop between atypical E2Fs and APC/C(C) (dh1), which ensures balanced expression of cell cycle genes and normal cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Boekhout
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5), The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruixue Yuan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelotte P Wondergem
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika A Segeren
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsbeth A van Liere
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nesibu Awol
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imke Jansen
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M F Wolthuis
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5), The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Caous R, Pascal A, Romé P, Richard-Parpaillon L, Karess R, Giet R. Spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation fails to suppress neuroblast tumour formation in aurA mutant Drosophila. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8879. [PMID: 26568519 PMCID: PMC4660220 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires accurate control of cell proliferation, differentiation and chromosome segregation. Drosophila sas-4 and aurA mutants present brain tumours with extra neuroblasts (NBs), defective mitotic spindle assembly and delayed mitosis due to activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Here we inactivate the SAC in aurA and sas-4 mutants to determine whether the generation of aneuploidy compromises NB proliferation. Inactivation of the SAC in the sas-4 mutant impairs NB proliferation and disrupts euploidy. By contrast, disrupting the SAC in the aurA mutant does not prevent NB amplification, tumour formation or chromosome segregation. The monitoring of Mad2 and cyclin B dynamics in live aurA NBs reveals that SAC satisfaction is not coupled to cyclin B degradation. Thus, the NBs of aurA mutants present delayed mitosis, with accurate chromosome segregation occurring in a SAC-independent manner. We report here the existence of an Aurora A-dependent mechanism promoting efficient, timed cyclin B degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Caous
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes-Université de Rennes I-CNRS- UMR 6290, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Aude Pascal
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes-Université de Rennes I-CNRS- UMR 6290, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Romé
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes-Université de Rennes I-CNRS- UMR 6290, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Richard-Parpaillon
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes-Université de Rennes I-CNRS- UMR 6290, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Roger Karess
- Institut Jacques Monod-Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Régis Giet
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes-Université de Rennes I-CNRS- UMR 6290, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|