101
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Ma EB, Sahar NE, Jeong M, Huh JY. Irisin Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Adipogenesis Through Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31507448 PMCID: PMC6714492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine known to induce adipocyte browning through induction of uncoupling protein 1. Recent studies have reported that irisin is also an adipokine. However, there is limiting evidence on the role of endogenous irisin from adipocytes. In this study we aim to elucidate the expression and secretion pattern of irisin during adipocyte differentiation and the role of endogenous and exogenous irisin on the adipogenic process. As such, recombinant irisin, plasmid expressing FNDC5 and small interfering RNA were utilized. Our results show that the gene expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 and irisin secretion increases at the early stage of adipogenesis. Both recombinant irisin treated cells and FNDC5-overexpressed cells resulted in inhibition of adipogenesis evidenced by downregulated C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FABP4 expression and reduced lipid accumulation. Further data showed that the inhibitory effect of irisin on adipogenesis is mediated though potentiation of Wnt expression, which is known to determine the fate of mesenchymal stem cells and regulate adipogenesis. Conversely, FNDC5 knockdown cells showed downregulated Wnt expression, but failed to further induce adipogenesis. This study suggests that both exogenous and endogenous irisin is able to inhibit adipogenesis and that activation of Wnt and subsequent repression of transcription factors is partly involved in this process. This provides a novel insight on the local effect of irisin on adipocytes and additional benefit to protect against obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Namood E Sahar
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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102
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Song P, Kwon Y, Joo JY, Kim DG, Yoon JH. Secretomics to Discover Regulators in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163893. [PMID: 31405033 PMCID: PMC6720857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins play important roles in the cross-talk of individual functional units, including cells. Since secretory proteins are essential for signal transduction, they are closely related with disease development, including metabolic and neural diseases. In metabolic diseases, adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are secreted from respective organs under specific environmental conditions, and play roles in glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In neural diseases, astrocytes and microglia cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that play roles in neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses. Mass spectrometry-based secretome profiling is a powerful strategy to identify and characterize secretory proteins. This strategy involves stepwise processes such as the collection of conditioned medium (CM) containing secretome proteins and concentration of the CM, peptide preparation, mass analysis, database search, and filtering of secretory proteins; each step requires certain conditions to obtain reliable results. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles has become a new research focus for understanding the additional extracellular functions of intracellular proteins. Here, we provide a review of the insights obtained from secretome analyses with regard to disease mechanisms, and highlight the future prospects of this technology. Continued research in this field is expected to provide valuable information on cell-to-cell communication and uncover new pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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103
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080795. [PMID: 31366145 PMCID: PMC6721602 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling can be defined as a dissociation between mitochondrial membrane potential generation and its use for mitochondria-dependent ATP synthesis. Although this process was originally considered a mitochondrial dysfunction, the identification of UCP-1 as an endogenous physiological uncoupling protein suggests that the process could be involved in many other biological processes. In this review, we first compare the mitochondrial uncoupling agents available in term of mechanistic and non-specific effects. Proteins regulating mitochondrial uncoupling, as well as chemical compounds with uncoupling properties are discussed. Second, we summarize the most recent findings linking mitochondrial uncoupling and other cellular or biological processes, such as bulk and specific autophagy, reactive oxygen species production, protein secretion, cell death, physical exercise, metabolic adaptations in adipose tissue, and cell signaling. Finally, we show how mitochondrial uncoupling could be used to treat several human diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, or neurological disorders.
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104
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Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Makras P, Douni E, Mantzoros CS. Irisin: good or bad for the bone? A new path forward after the reported discovery of irisin receptor? Metabolism 2019; 93:100-102. [PMID: 30690037 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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105
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Wu X, Qiu W, Hu Z, Lian J, Liu Y, Zhu X, Tu M, Fang F, Yu Y, Valverde P, Tu Q, Yu Y, Chen J. An Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Reduces Type 2 Diabetic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:313-321. [PMID: 30626266 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518818449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is twice as prevalent in diabetics as in nondiabetics, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated periodontitis is severe in many cases due to the altered and aberrant functions of bone cells in hyperglycemic conditions. Therefore, developing an effective method to halt the disease process, as well as restore and regenerate lost alveolar bone to reserve the natural teeth in diabetics, is critically important. In the current study, we applied a newly discovered adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon (APR) in experimental periodontitis in diabetic animal models and demonstrated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that when APR systemically quenched the blood sugar level in diet-induced obesity (DIO) diabetic mice, it reduced osteoclast numbers and alveolar bone loss significantly due to APR's inhibition on osteoclast differentiation shown in our in vitro studies. APR also decreased the production of proinflammatory molecules CC chemokine ligand 2 and interleukin 6 in diseased gingival tissues. On the other hand, APR promoted alveolar bone regeneration through enhancing osteogenic differentiation and decreasing stromal cell-derived factor 1 in the bone marrow that facilitates stem cell migration. Same results were achieved by APR treatment of periodontitis induced in adiponectin (APN) knockout mice, indicating the ability of APR to activate the endogenous APN receptors to exert osteoanabolic effects. In summary, our study supports the notion that APR could be used as an effective multipronged approach to target T2D-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Qiu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Hu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Lian
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Zhu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Tu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Fang
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Yu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Valverde
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Tu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Yu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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106
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Kim H, Wrann CD, Jedrychowski M, Vidoni S, Kitase Y, Nagano K, Zhou C, Chou J, Parkman VJA, Novick SJ, Strutzenberg TS, Pascal BD, Le PT, Brooks DJ, Roche AM, Gerber KK, Mattheis L, Chen W, Tu H, Bouxsein ML, Griffin PR, Baron R, Rosen CJ, Bonewald LF, Spiegelman BM. Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors. Cell 2018; 175:1756-1768.e17. [PMID: 30550785 PMCID: PMC6298040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is secreted by muscle, increases with exercise, and mediates certain favorable effects of physical activity. In particular, irisin has been shown to have beneficial effects in adipose tissues, brain, and bone. However, the skeletal response to exercise is less clear, and the receptor for irisin has not been identified. Here we show that irisin binds to proteins of the αV class of integrins, and biophysical studies identify interacting surfaces between irisin and αV/β5 integrin. Chemical inhibition of the αV integrins blocks signaling and function by irisin in osteocytes and fat cells. Irisin increases both osteocytic survival and production of sclerostin, a local modulator of bone remodeling. Genetic ablation of FNDC5 (or irisin) completely blocks osteocytic osteolysis induced by ovariectomy, preventing bone loss and supporting an important role of irisin in skeletal remodeling. Identification of the irisin receptor should greatly facilitate our understanding of irisin's function in exercise and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christiane D Wrann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02219, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara Vidoni
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yukiko Kitase
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Chou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Virginia-Jeni A Parkman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott J Novick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Timothy S Strutzenberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Bruce D Pascal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Phuong T Le
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander M Roche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlyn K Gerber
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Mattheis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hua Tu
- LakePharma, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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107
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Narayanan SA, Metzger CE, Bloomfield SA, Zawieja DC. Inflammation-induced lymphatic architecture and bone turnover changes are ameliorated by irisin treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB J 2018; 32:4848-4861. [PMID: 29596023 PMCID: PMC6103167 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as comorbidities such as inflammation-induced bone loss and impaired immune response. Current treatments for IBD all have negative, potentially severe side effects. We aimed to test whether exogenous treatment with irisin, a novel immunomodulatory adipomyokine, could ameliorate IBD-induced lymphatic and bone alterations. Irisin treatment improved both gut and bone outcomes by mitigating inflammation and restoring structure. In the gut, IBD caused colonic lymphatic hyperproliferation into the mucosal and submucosal compartments. This proliferation in the rodent model is akin to what is observed in IBD patient case studies. In bone, IBD increased osteoclast surface and decreased bone formation. Both gut and osteocytes in bone exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) protein expression. Exogenous irisin treatment restored normal colonic lymphatic architecture and increased bone formation rate concurrent with decreased osteoclast surfaces. After irisin treatment, gut and osteocyte TNF-α and RANKL protein expression levels were no different from vehicle controls. Our data indicate that the systemic immunologic changes that occur in IBD are initiated by damage in the gut and likely linked through the lymphatic system. Additionally, irisin is a potential novel intervention mitigating both local inflammatory changes in the gut and distant changes in bone.-Narayanan, S. A., Metzger, C. E., Bloomfield, S. A., Zawieja, D. C. Inflammation-induced lymphatic architecture and bone turnover changes are ameliorated by irisin treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA; and
| | - Corinne E. Metzger
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Susan A. Bloomfield
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David C. Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA; and
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108
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Faienza MF, Brunetti G, Sanesi L, Colaianni G, Celi M, Piacente L, D'Amato G, Schipani E, Colucci S, Grano M. High irisin levels are associated with better glycemic control and bone health in children with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 141:10-17. [PMID: 29679630 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Irisin is a new peptide produced mainly by the skeletal muscle playing an important role both in glucose/energy homeostasis and bone metabolism. Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with decreased bone mass. We aimed to evaluate irisin levels in TD1M children and their correlation with bone metabolism and glycaemic control. METHODS Ninety-six T1DM subjects (12.2 ± 4 years), 56 on multiple daily injections (MDI), 40 on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), and 34 controls were included in the study. Irisin and bone remodeling markers were quantified in sera from patients and controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by QUS. RESULTS Increased irisin levels were found in T1DM patients respect to controls (p < 0.001). With adjustment for age, irisin levels significantly correlated negatively with HbA1c% (r = -0.105, p < 0.001), years of diabetes (r = -0.07, p < 0.04), 25(OH)-Vitamin D (r = -0.175, p < 0.0001), and positively with BTT-Z-score (r = 0.088, p = 0.016), and osteocalcin (r = 0.059, p < 0.04). We detected the highest levels of irisin in CSII patients compared to MDI and controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.007 respectively). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated high irisin levels in T1DM children and the association of highest irisin amounts to a better glycaemic control and bone health in TDM1 subjects on CSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Paediatric Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Paediatric Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Italy.
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109
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Kheniser KG, Polanco Santos CM, Kashyap SR. The effects of diabetes therapy on bone: A clinical perspective. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:713-719. [PMID: 29747995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of diabetes and diabetes therapy on bone are less known among clinicians. Traditionally, the emphasis of diabetes therapy has been on reducing cardiovascular risk by facilitating reductions in weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, systemic inflammation, and lipid levels. Now, with ample research demonstrating that patients with diabetes are more susceptible to bone fractures relative to controls, there has been a greater or renewed interest in studying the effects of diabetes therapy on bone. Interestingly, the majority of antidiabetic agents positively affect bone, but a few have detrimental effects. Specifically, although insulin has been demonstrated to be anabolic to bone, the rate of hypoglycemic episodes are increased with exogenous infusion; consequently, there is an increased fall and fracture frequency. Other agents such as thiazolidinediones have more direct negative effects on bone through transcriptional regulation. Even metabolic surgery, to a varying operation-dependent extent, exacerbates bone strength and may heighten fracture rate. The remaining diabetes agents seem to have neutral or positive effects on bone. With the increasing incidence of diabetes, it is more pertinent than ever to fully comprehend the effects of diabetes-related therapeutic modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/pathology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/prevention & control
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Fractures, Bone/etiology
- Fractures, Bone/pathology
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Osteoporosis/etiology
- Osteoporosis/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/pathology
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim G Kheniser
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
| | - Carmen M Polanco Santos
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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110
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Ma Y, Qiao X, Zeng R, Cheng R, Zhang J, Luo Y, Nie Y, Hu Y, Yang Z, Zhang J, Liu L, Xu W, Xu CC, Xu L. Irisin promotes proliferation but inhibits differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201700983RR. [PMID: 29771602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700983rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation has a critical role in the process of bone metabolism. Overactivation of osteoclastogenesis may result in a series of diseases. Irisin, a novel myokine, which was first reported in 2012, has been proposed to mediate the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. Studies have demonstrated that irisin targets osteoblasts by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation; however, the underlying mechanism regarding the effect of irisin on osteoclasts remains elusive. Using 2 types of osteoclast precursor cells, RAW264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow monocytes, we showed that irisin promoted osteoclast precursor cell proliferation but inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Irisin down-regulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, including receptor activators of NF-κB, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1, cathepsin K, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), as well as decreasing the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and hydroxyapatite resorption pits. Furthermore, we showed that irisin suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway, but activated the p38 and JNK signaling pathways. In the presence of an inhibitor of p38 and JNK, irisin-induced promotion of RAW264.7 cell proliferation was attenuated. However, irisin-induced inhibition of osteoclast differentiation was not affected by either the p38 or JNK signaling pathway. Our study suggested the direct effect of irisin on osteoclastogenesis and revealed the mechanism responsible for the therapeutic potential of irisin in bone metabolism disease.-Ma, Y., Qiao, X., Zeng, R., Cheng, R., Zhang, J., Luo, Y., Nie, Y., Hu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, L., Xu, W., Xu, C. C., Xu, L. Irisin promotes proliferation but inhibits differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Rujun Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Yunyao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Zhilan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Wenming Xu
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Charles C Xu
- College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
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Hayashi F, Kaibori M, Sakaguchi T, Matsui K, Ishizaki M, Kwon AH, Iwasaka J, Kimura Y, Habu D. Loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with chronic liver disease is related to decrease in bone mineral density and exercise tolerance. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:345-354. [PMID: 29115721 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify the relationship between loss of skeletal muscle mass and clinical factors such as osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS The subjects were 112 patients (85 men and 27 women) with hepatocellular carcinoma who were scheduled to undergo hepatectomy. Skeletal muscle reduction was diagnosed according to the cut-off level of the skeletal mass index (SMI) for Asians (men <7.0 kg/m2 , women <5.4 kg/m2 ). Osteoporosis was diagnosed according to T-score ≤-2.5 standard deviation. The SMI and T-score were assessed using the results of dual-energy X-ray absorption. Peak oxygen consumption (PeakVO2 ), an index of exercise tolerance, was evaluated using the cardiopulmonary exercise test. The characteristics of patients with low SMI (low SMI group) were compared with those of patients whose SMI was not low (control group). Outcomes are presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS The T-score was significantly lower in the low SMI group (control vs. low SMI -1.1 [1.8] vs. -1.6 [1.9], P = 0.049). T-score positively correlated with SMI (r = 0.409, P < 0.0001). PeakVO2 was significantly decreased in the low SMI group (17.7 [6.3] vs. 14.4 [4.5], P = 0.006). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, T-score (odds ratio [OR], 3.508; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.074-11.456; P = 0.038) and PeakVO2 (OR, 3.512; 95% CI, 1.114-11.066; P = 0.032) were significantly related to SMI, independent of age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle reduction in chronic liver disease is closely related to exercise tolerance and osteoporosis, and these factors are believed to be associated with physical inactivity in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Hayashi
- Office of Epidemiology, Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Sakaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Morihiko Ishizaki
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A-Hon Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Iwasaka
- Health Science Center, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Habu
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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112
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Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Efstathiadou ZA, Makras P, Perakakis N, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Irisin in metabolic diseases. Endocrine 2018; 59:260-274. [PMID: 29170905 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a myokine/adipokine induced by the exercise in mice and humans, which is proposed to induce "browning" of white adipose tissue, its primary target, thus increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Since its identification, irisin has been linked to favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic bone diseases. Generally, despite the promising profile of irisin in rodents, its effects on human are less recognized. REVIEW Most, but not all studies show a positive association between irisin and indices of adiposity. In T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD, most observational studies reported lower irisin levels in patients than controls. Regarding metabolic bone diseases, irisin is positively associated with bone mineral density and strength in athletes, and inversely associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In PCOS, data remain largely conflicting. Irisin does not seem to be further reduced when two metabolic diseases, e.g., T2DM and NAFLD, or obesity and NAFLD exist though more data are needed. Furthermore, it seems that diverse confounders may have affected the results of different clinical studies. CONCLUSION Irisin remains an appealing molecule from a pathophysiological point of view and an appealing therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, albeit much research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Zoe A Efstathiadou
- Department of Endocrinology, Ippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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