101
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Mathieu S, Cissé C, Vitale S, Ahmadova A, Degardin M, Pérard J, Colas P, Miras R, Boturyn D, Covès J, Crouzy S, Michaud-Soret I. From Peptide Aptamers to Inhibitors of FUR, Bacterial Transcriptional Regulator of Iron Homeostasis and Virulence. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2519-28. [PMID: 27409249 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
FUR (Ferric Uptake Regulator) protein is a global transcriptional regulator that senses iron status and controls the expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis, virulence, and oxidative stress. Ubiquitous in Gram-negative bacteria and absent in eukaryotes, FUR is an attractive antivirulence target since the inactivation of the fur gene in various pathogens attenuates their virulence. The characterization of 13-aa-long anti-FUR linear peptides derived from the variable part of the anti-FUR peptide aptamers, that were previously shown to decrease pathogenic E. coli strain virulence in a fly infection model, is described herein. Modeling, docking, and experimental approaches in vitro (activity and interaction assays, mutations) and in cells (yeast two-hybrid assays) were combined to characterize the interactions of the peptides with FUR, and to understand their mechanism of inhibition. As a result, reliable structure models of two peptide-FUR complexes are given. Inhibition sites are mapped in the groove between the two FUR subunits where DNA should also bind. Another peptide behaves differently and interferes with the dimerization itself. These results define these novel small peptide inhibitors as lead compounds for inhibition of the FUR transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathieu
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Cheickna Cissé
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvia Vitale
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Aynur Ahmadova
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Mélissa Degardin
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR
5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Pérard
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- P2I2 Group, Protein Phosphorylation
and Human Disease Unit, CNRS Unité de Service et de Recherche
USR3151, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Roger Miras
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR
5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Covès
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Crouzy
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Michaud-Soret
- CNRS,
Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) UMR 5249 CNRS-CEA-UJF, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
LCBM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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102
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Expression, Purification and Antibacterial Activity of NK-Lysin Mature Peptides from the Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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103
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Zhang J, Liu X, Huang N, Hu Z, Wu W, Teng X, Wang Z, Wei X, Tang H, Wu X, Chen Z, Li J, Li Z. Soluble expression and purification of the functional interleukin-30 protein in Escherichia coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:539-45. [PMID: 26176652 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1045608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nongyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiu Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zandong Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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104
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Zhang X, Wang K, Lin Q, Zheng M, Li Q, Li T, Hong Q, Zheng Q, Yu H, Gu Y, Li S, Xia N. A shared N-terminal hydrophobic tail for the formation of nanoparticulates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2289-303. [PMID: 27499052 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Nanoparticulate design is important for the production of nanotechnological materials and passive immunogens. Using lessons from our hepatitis E vaccine, we herein design protein-based nanoparticles through incorporation of an N-terminal hydrophobic tail (NHT, located on HEV ORF2 aa368-460). MATERIALS & METHODS Flu HA1, HIV gp41/gp120/p24, HBsAg and HPV16 L2 were fused with NHT, expressed in Escherichia coli and subjected to self-assembly in vitro. Nanosized particles were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and negative electron microscopy. Immunogenicity was assessed in mice. RESULTS All the NHT-fused proteins spontaneously formed nanoparticulates and presented with immunogenicity approximately 2-log over their nonassembling forms. CONCLUSION Protein self-assembly provides an attractive means to create nanosized particles that bear specific antigens. Our strategy outlines a novel and shared method for the design of immunogenic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minghua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiyang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai Yu
- National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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105
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Liu A, Zhou Z, Dang R, Zhu Y, Qi J, He G, Leung C, Pak D, Jia Z, Xie W. Neuroligin 1 regulates spines and synaptic plasticity via LIMK1/cofilin-mediated actin reorganization. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:449-63. [PMID: 26880202 PMCID: PMC4754719 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201509023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal domain of NLG1 is sufficient to enhance spine and synapse number and to modulate synaptic plasticity, and it exerts these effects via its interaction with SPAR and the subsequent activation of LIMK1/cofilin-mediated actin reorganization. Neuroligin (NLG) 1 is important for synapse development and function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is known that at least some aspects of NLG1 function are independent of the presynaptic neurexin, suggesting that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of NLG1 may be sufficient for synaptic regulation. In addition, NLG1 is subjected to activity-dependent proteolytic cleavage, generating a cytosolic CTD fragment, but the significance of this process remains unknown. In this study, we show that the CTD of NLG1 is sufficient to (a) enhance spine and synapse number, (b) modulate synaptic plasticity, and (c) exert these effects via its interaction with spine-associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase–activating protein and subsequent activation of LIM-domain protein kinase 1/cofilin–mediated actin reorganization. Our results provide a novel postsynaptic mechanism by which NLG1 regulates synapse development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuehua Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junxia Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guiqin He
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Celeste Leung
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel Pak
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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106
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Salehi N, Peng CA. Purification of CD47-streptavidin fusion protein from bacterial lysate using biotin-agarose affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:949-58. [PMID: 27110670 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CD47 is a widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that modulates the activity of a plethora of immune cells via its extracellular domain. Therefore, CD47 plays important roles in the regulation of immune responses and may serve as targets for the development of immunotherapeutic agents. To make sure CD47 functionality is intact under the process of protein conjugation, CD47-streptavidin fusion protein was expressed and purified because it can easily bind to biotin-tagged materials via the unique biotin-streptavidin affinity. In this study, gene sequences of CD47 extracellular domain (CD47ECD) and core streptavidin (coreSA) with a total 834 bp were inserted into pET20b plasmid to construct recombinant plasmid encoding CD47-SA fusion gene. After bacteria transformation, the CD47-SA fusion protein was expressed by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction. The collected bacteria lysate was loaded on biotinylated agarose to proceed the purification of CD47-SA fusion protein. Due to the unexpected high affinity between biotin and coreSA, standard washing and elution approaches (e.g., varying pH, using biotin, and applying guanidine hydrochloride) reported for biotin-streptavidin affinity chromatography were not able to separate the target fusion protein. Instead, using low concentration of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 followed with alkaline buffer could efficiently weaken the binding between biotin and coreSA, thereby eluting out CD47-SA fusion protein from the biotin agarose column. The purified CD47-SA fusion protein was further characterized by molecular biology methods and its antiphagocytic functionality was confirmed by the phagocytosis assay. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:949-958, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Salehi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844
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107
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Zhang H, Li L, Ye T, Chen R, Gao X, Xu Z. Molecular characterization, expression pattern and function analysis of the OsHSP90 family in rice. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1184588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taozhi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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108
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Linde M, Peterhoff D, Sterner R, Babinger P. Identification and Characterization of Heptaprenylglyceryl Phosphate Processing Enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14861-70. [PMID: 27226549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Archaea, ether lipids play an essential role as the main building blocks of the cellular membrane. Recently, ether lipids have also been discovered in the domain of Bacteria, and the key enzymes that catalyze their synthesis, glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate synthase, have been described. In Bacillales, heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate does not become linked to a second polyprenyl moiety like ether lipids in Archaea but is dephosphorylated and acetylated. Here, we report on the enzymes that catalyze these reactions. We enriched the phosphatase activity from a B. subtilis cell extract and suppose that dephosphorylation is catalyzed by the phosphatase PhoB or by any other phosphatase in an unspecific manner. By screening a B. subtilis knock-out library for deficiency in acetylation, the yvoF gene product was identified to be the acetyltransferase. The acetyl-CoA-dependent enzyme YvoF is a close relative of maltose O-acetyltransferase (MAT). Its catalytic properties were analyzed and compared with MAT. YvoF and MAT partially overlap in substrate and product range in vitro, but MAT is not able to complement the yvoF knock-out in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Linde
- From the Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- From the Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- From the Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Babinger
- From the Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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109
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Spagnoli G, Bolchi A, Cavazzini D, Pouyanfard S, Müller M, Ottonello S. Secretory production of designed multipeptides displayed on a thermostable bacterial thioredoxin scaffold in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 129:150-157. [PMID: 27133916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Internal grafting of designed peptides to scaffold proteins is a valuable strategy for a variety of applications including recombinant peptide antigen construction. A peptide epitope from human papillomavirus (HPV) minor capsid protein L2 displayed on thioredoxin (Trx) has been validated preclinically as a broadly protective and low-cost alternative HPV vaccine. Focusing on thioredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus (PfTrx) as a scaffold, we have constructed a modified Pichia pastoris expression vector and used a PfTrx fusion derivative containing three tandemly repeated copies of a 19 amino acids peptide epitope from HPV-L2 for expression optimization and biochemical-immunological characterization of the Pichia-produced PfTrx-L2 antigen. We show that PfTrx-L2 is produced at high levels (up to 100 mg from a 100 ml starting culture using a multi-cycle induction protocol) and secreted into the culture medium as a highly enriched (>70% pure), non-glycosylated polypeptide that can be purified to homogeneity in a single step. Oxidation and aggregation state, thermal stability and immunogenicity of the endotoxin-free PfTrx-L2 antigen produced in P. pastoris were tested and found to be identical to those of the same antigen produced in Escherichia coli. Secretory production of endotoxin-free PfTrx-peptides in P. pastoris represents a cost- and time-effective alternative to E. coli production. Specifically designed for peptide antigens, the PfTrx-expression vector and conditions described herein are easily transferable to a variety of applications centred on the use of structurally constrained bioactive peptides as immune as well as target-specific binder reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Spagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Angelo Bolchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Parma, Italy.
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110
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Aschenbrenner AK, Kwon M, Conrad J, Ro DK, Spring O. Identification and characterization of two bisabolene synthases from linear glandular trichomes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 124:29-37. [PMID: 26880289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower is known to produce a variety of bisabolene-type sesquiterpenes and accumulates these substances in trichomes of leaves, stems and flowering parts. A bioinformatics approach was used to identify the enzyme responsible for the initial step in the biosynthesis of these compounds from its precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate. Based on sequence similarity with a known bisabolene synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana AtTPS12, candidate genes of Helianthus were searched in EST-database and used to design specific primers. PCR experiments identified two candidates in the RNA pool of linear glandular trichomes of sunflower. Their sequences contained the typical motifs of sesquiterpene synthases and their expression in yeast functionally characterized them as bisabolene synthases. Spectroscopic analysis identified the stereochemistry of the product of both enzymes as (Z)-γ-bisabolene. The origin of the two sunflower bisabolene synthase genes from the transcripts of linear trichomes indicates that they may be involved in the synthesis of sesquiterpenes produced in these trichomes. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the sunflower bisabolene synthases showed high similarity with sesquiterpene synthases from other Asteracean species and indicated putative evolutionary origin from a β-farnesene synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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111
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Mahamad P, Boonchird C, Panbangred W. High level accumulation of soluble diphtheria toxin mutant (CRM197) with co-expression of chaperones in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6319-6330. [PMID: 27020286 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CRM197 is the diphtheria toxin mutant used in many conjugate vaccines. A fusion CRM197 (fCRM197) containing all the tags conferred by the pET32a vector was produced as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli co-expressing several chaperone proteins in conjunction with low temperature cultivation. Trigger factor (Tf) enhanced formation of soluble fCRM197 (150.69 ± 8.95 μg/mL) to a greater degree than other chaperones when fCRM197 expression was induced at 25 °C for 12 h. However, prolonged cultivation resulted in a progressive reduction of fCRM197 accumulation. In contrast, at 15 °C cells, with or without Tf, fCRM197 accumulated to the highest level at 48 h (153.70 ± 13.14 μg/mL and 150.07 ± 8.13 μg/mL, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the formation of inclusion protein as well as cell lysis was reduced in cultures grown at 15 °C. Cell viability was substantially reduced in cells expressing Tf, compared to cultures without Tf, when fCRM197 was induced at 25 °C. The viability of Tf-expressing cells was enhanced when cultured at 15 °C. Both purified fCRM197 and CRM197 efficiently digested lambda DNA (λDNA) at 37 °C (92.78 and 97.45 %, respectively). Digestion efficiency of fCRM197 and CRM197 was reduced at 25 °C (80.80 and 62.73 %, respectively) and at 15 °C (7.34 and 24.79 %, respectively). These results demonstrating nuclease activity, enhanced cell lysis, and reduced cell viability are consistent with the finding of lower fCRM197 yield when cultivation and induction times were prolonged at 25 °C. The present work provides a procedure for the high-level production of soluble fCRM197 using E. coli as a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Mahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Mahidol University - Osaka University Collaborative Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology (MU-OU: CRC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chuenchit Boonchird
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Watanalai Panbangred
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Mahidol University - Osaka University Collaborative Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology (MU-OU: CRC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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112
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Improved Production of Active Streptomyces griseus Trypsin with a Novel Auto-Catalyzed Strategy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23158. [PMID: 26983398 PMCID: PMC4794721 DOI: 10.1038/srep23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal sequences play crucial roles in regulating expression, translation, activation and enzymatic properties of proteins. To reduce cell toxicity of intracellular trypsin and increase secretory expression, we developed a novel auto-catalyzed strategy to produce recombinant trypsin by engineering the N-terminus of mature Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT). The engineered N-terminal peptide of SGT was composed of the thioredoxin, glycine-serine linker, His6-tag and the partial bovine trypsinogen pro-peptide (DDDDK). Furthermore, we constructed a variant TLEI with insertion of the artificial peptide at N-terminus and site-directed mutagenesis of the autolysis residue R145. In fed-batch fermentation, the production of extracellular trypsin activity was significantly improved to 47.4 ± 1.2 U·ml−1 (amidase activity, 8532 ± 142.2 U·ml−1 BAEE activity) with a productivity of 0.49 U·ml−1·h−1, which was 329% greater than that of parent strain Pichia pastoris GS115-SGT. This work has significant potential to be scaled-up for microbial production of SGT. In addition, the N-terminal peptide engineering strategy can be extended to improve heterologous expression of other toxic enzymes.
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113
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Chen L, Bao Y, Denstedt J, Zhang J. Nanostructured bioluminescent sensor for rapidly detecting thrombin. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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114
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Li XJ, Liu JL, Gao DS, Wan WY, Yang X, Li YT, Chang HT, Chen L, Wang CQ, Zhao J. Single-step affinity and cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins using the Sepharose-binding lectin-tag from the mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus as fusion partner. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 119:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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115
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Wu H, Wang Y, Yuan L, Mao Y, Wang W, Zhu L, Wu P, Fu C, Müller R, Weaver DT, Zhang L, Zhang B. Inactivation of SACE_3446, a TetR family transcriptional regulator, stimulates erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:39-46. [PMID: 29062926 PMCID: PMC5640589 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythromycin A is a widely used antibiotic produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea; however, its biosynthetic cluster lacks a regulatory gene, limiting the yield enhancement via regulation engineering of S. erythraea. Herein, six TetR family transcriptional regulators (TFRs) belonging to three genomic context types were individually inactivated in S. erythraea A226, and one of them, SACE_3446, was proved to play a negative role in regulating erythromycin biosynthesis. EMSA and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SACE_3446 covering intact N-terminal DNA binding domain specifically bound to the promoter regions of erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI, the resistant gene ermE and the adjacent gene SACE_3447 (encoding a long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase), and repressed their transcription. Furthermore, we explored the interaction relationships of SACE_3446 and previously identified TFRs (SACE_3986 and SACE_7301) associated with erythromycin production. Given demonstrated relatively independent regulation mode of SACE_3446 and SACE_3986 in erythromycin biosynthesis, we individually and concomitantly inactivated them in an industrial S. erythraea WB. Compared with WB, the WBΔ3446 and WBΔ3446Δ3986 mutants respectively displayed 36% and 65% yield enhancement of erythromycin A, following significantly elevated transcription of eryAI and ermE. When cultured in a 5 L fermentor, erythromycin A of WBΔ3446 and WBΔ3446Δ3986 successively reached 4095 mg/L and 4670 mg/L with 23% and 41% production improvement relative to WB. The strategy reported here will be useful to improve antibiotics production in other industrial actinomycete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wu
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yongrong Mao
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chengzhang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, P.O. Box 15115, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, P.O. Box 15115, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David T Weaver
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Buchang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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116
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Immunization with a 22-kDa outer membrane protein elicits protective immunity to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20724. [PMID: 26853590 PMCID: PMC4745112 DOI: 10.1038/srep20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A. baumannii infections are becoming more and more serious health issues with rapid emerging of multidrug and extremely drug resistant strains, and therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of nonantibiotic-based intervention strategies. This study aimed at identifying whether an outer membrane protein with molecular weight of about 22 kDa (Omp22) holds the potentials to be an efficient vaccine candidate and combat A. baumannii infection. Omp22 which has a molecule length of 217 amino acids kept more than 95% conservation in totally 851 reported A. baumannii strains. Recombinant Omp22 efficiently elicited high titers of specific IgG in mice. Both active and passive immunizations of Omp22 increased the survival rates of mice, suppressed the bacterial burdens in the organs and peripheral blood, and reduced the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Opsonophagocytosis assays showed in vitro that Omp22 antiserum had highly efficient bactericidal activities on clonally distinct clinical A. baumannii isolates, which were partly complements-dependent and opsonophagocytic killing effects. Additionally, administration with as high as 500 μg of Omp22 didn’t cause obvious pathological changes in mice. In conclusion, Omp22 is a novel conserved and probably safe antigen for developing effective vaccines or antisera to control A. baumannii infections.
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117
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Yousefi S, Tahmoorespur M, Sekhavati MH. Cloning, expression and molecular analysis of Iranian Brucella melitensis Omp25 gene for designing a subunit vaccine. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:412-418. [PMID: 27920824 PMCID: PMC5122831 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.192493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a well-known domestic animal infectious disease, which is caused by Brucella bacterium. The outer membrane protein 25 kDa (Omp25) gene plays an important role in simulating of TNF-α, IFN-α, macrophage, and cytokines cells. In the current study molecular cloning and expression analysis of Omp25 gene for designing a subunit vaccine against Brucella was investigated. Amplifying the full length of candidate gene was performed using specific primers. Sub-cloning of this gene conducted using pTZ57R/T vector in TOP10F strain of Escherichia coli(E.coli) as the host. Also, pET32(a)+ vector used for expression in BL21 (DE3) strain of E.coli. Omp25 gene with 642 bp size was amplified and cloned successfully. The expression results were confirmed by sequencing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses which showed 42 kDa protein band correctly. Also, phylogenic analysis showed this gene has a near genetic relation with other Brucella strains. According to our results we can propose this gene as a candidate useful for stimulation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity system in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tahmoorespur
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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118
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Soluble expression, purification and functional characterization of a coil peptide composed of a positively charged and hydrophobic motif. Amino Acids 2015; 48:567-77. [PMID: 26459292 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A de novo heterodimeric coiled-coil system formed by the association of two synthetic peptides, the Ecoil and Kcoil, has been previously designed and proven to be an excellent and versatile tool for various biotechnology applications. However, based on the challenges encountered during its chemical synthesis, the Kcoil peptide has been designated as a "difficult peptide". In this study, we explore the expression of the Kcoil peptide by a bacterial system as well as its subsequent purification. The maximum expression level was observed when the peptide was fused to thioredoxin and the optimized purification process consisted of three chromatographic steps: immobilized-metal affinity chromatography followed by cation-exchange chromatography and, finally, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This entire process led to a final volumetric production yield of 1.5 mg of pure Kcoil peptide per liter of bacterial culture, which represents a significant step towards the cost-effective production and application of coiled-coil motifs. Our results thus demonstrate for the first time that bacterial production is a viable alternative to the chemical synthesis of de novo designed coil peptides.
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119
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Averina O, Alekseeva M, Shkoporov A, Danilenko V. Functional analysis of the type II toxin–antitoxin systems of the MazEF and RelBE families in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697. Anaerobe 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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120
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Park YH, Um SH, Song S, Seok YJ, Ha NC. Structural basis for the sequestration of the anti-σ(70) factor Rsd from σ(70) by the histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein HPr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1998-2008. [PMID: 26457424 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715013759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr) is a general component of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) involved in the phosphorylation-coupled transport of numerous sugars called PTS sugars. HPr mainly exists in a dephosphorylated form in the presence of PTS sugars in the medium, while its phosphorylation increases in the absence of PTS sugars. A recent study revealed that the dephosphorylated form of HPr binds and antagonizes the function of the antisigma factor Rsd. This anti-sigma factor sequesters the housekeeping sigma factor σ(70) to facilitate switching of the sigma subunit on RNA polymerase from σ(70) to the stress-responsive sigma factor σ(S) in stationary-phase cells. In this study, the structure of the complex of Rsd and HPr was determined at 2.1 Å resolution and revealed that the binding site for HPr on the surface of Rsd partly overlaps with that for σ(70). The localization of the phosphorylation site on HPr at the binding interface for Rsd explains why phosphorylation of HPr abolishes its binding to Rsd. The mutation of crucial residues involved in the HPr-Rsd interaction significantly influenced the competition between HPr and σ(70) for binding to Rsd both in vitro and in vivo. The results provide a structural basis for the linkage of global gene regulation to nutrient availability in the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeon Um
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemee Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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121
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Tileva M, Krachmarova E, Ivanov I, Maskos K, Nacheva G. Production of aggregation prone human interferon gamma and its mutant in highly soluble and biologically active form by SUMO fusion technology. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 117:26-34. [PMID: 26407523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli expression system is a preferable choice for production of recombinant proteins. A disadvantage of this system is the target protein aggregation in "inclusion bodies" (IBs) that further requires solubilisation and refolding, which is crucial for the properties and the yield of the final product. In order to prevent aggregation, SUMO fusion tag technology has been successfully applied for expression of eukaryotic proteins, including human interferon gamma (hIFNγ) that was reported, however, with no satisfactory biological activity. We modified this methodology for expression and purification of both the wild type hIFNγ and an extremely prone to aggregation mutant hIFNγ-K88Q, whose recovery from IBs showed to be ineffective upon numerous conditions. By expression of the N-terminal His-SUMO fusion proteins in the E. coli strain BL21(DE3)pG-KJE8, co-expressing two chaperone systems, at 24 °C a significant increase in solubility of both target proteins (1.5-fold for hIFNγ and 8-fold for K88Q) was achieved. Two-step chromatography (affinity and ion-exchange) with on-dialysis His-SUMO-tag cleavage was applied for protein purification that yielded 6.0-7.0mg/g wet biomass for both proteins with >95% purity and native N-termini. The optimised protocol led to increased yields from 5.5 times for hIFNγ up to 100 times for K88Q in comparison to their isolation from IBs. Purified hIFNγ showed preserved thermal stability and antiproliferative activity corresponding to that of the native reference sample (3 × 10(7)IU/mg). The developed methodology represents an optimised procedure that can be successfully applied for large scale expression and purification of aggregation-prone proteins in soluble native form.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tileva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - E Krachmarova
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - I Ivanov
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - K Maskos
- Proteros Biostructures, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - G Nacheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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122
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Bjerga GEK, Williamson AK. Cold shock induction of recombinant Arctic environmental genes. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:78. [PMID: 26286037 PMCID: PMC4544801 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterologous expression of psychrophilic enzymes in E. coli is particularly challenging due to their intrinsic instability. The low stability is regarded as a consequence of adaptation that allow them to function at low temperatures. Recombinant production presents a significant barrier to their exploitation for commercial applications in industry. Methods As part of an enzyme discovery project we have investigated the utility of a cold-shock inducible promoter for low-temperature expression of five diverse genes derived from the metagenomes of marine Arctic sediments. After evaluation of their production, we further optimized for soluble production by building a vector suite from which the environmental genes could be expressed as fusions with solubility tags. Results We found that the low-temperature optimized system produced high expression levels for all putatively cold-active proteins, as well as reducing host toxicity for several candidates. As a proof of concept, activity assays with one of the candidates, a putative chitinase, showed that functional protein was obtained using the low-temperature optimized vector suite. Conclusions We conclude that a cold-shock inducible system is advantageous for the heterologous expression of psychrophilic proteins, and may also be useful for expression of toxic mesophilic and thermophilic proteins where properties of the proteins are deleterious to the host cell growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0185-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Elin Kjæreng Bjerga
- Norstruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Centre for Applied Biotechnology, Uni Research AS, Thormøhlensgt. 55, N-5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Adele Kim Williamson
- Norstruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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123
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Characterization of Neuwiedin, a new disintegrin from Bothrops neuwiedi venom gland with distinct cysteine pattern. Toxicon 2015; 104:57-64. [PMID: 26272708 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins are cysteine-rich toxins containing the RGD motif exposed in a loop that binds integrins such as αIIbβ3, α5β1 and αvβ3. The flexibility of the RGD loop, controlled by the profile of the cysteine pairs and the residues flanking the RGD sequence, are key structural features for the functional activity of these molecules. Recently, our group reported a transcript in the venom gland of Bothrops neuwiedi corresponding to a new P-II SVMP precursor, BnMPIIx, in which the RGD-binding loop includes many substituted residues and unique cysteine residues at the C-terminal. In this paper, we obtained the recombinant disintegrin domain of BnMPIIx, Neuwiedin, which inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, endothelial cell adhesion to fibrinogen and tube formation in Matrigel with no particular selectivity to αIIbβ3 or endothelial cell integrins. This value was also comparable to the inhibition observed with other recombinant disintegrins with conserved cysteine positions and residues in RGD loop. In this regard, Neuwiedin is an important component to understand the functional relevance of the diversity generated by accelerated evolution of venom toxins as well as to find out eventual new disintegrin-dependent targets that may be approached with disintegrins.
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124
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Prophage lysin Ply30 protects mice from Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7377-84. [PMID: 26253669 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02300-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus are capable of infecting humans and various animals, causing significant problems for the worldwide swine industry. As antibiotic resistance has increased, lysosomal enzymes encoded by phages have shown potential for use against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a novel bacteriophage lysin, Ply30, encoded by the S. suis prophage phi30c, was recombinantly expressed and purified. Ply30 showed high bacteriolysis activity on S. suis and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in vitro. The ratio of the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) with treatment versus the OD600 with no treatment for most tested S. suis and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains decreased from 1 to <0.3 and <0.5, respectively, within 1 h. The results of plate viability assays showed that treated bacteria suffered a 1- to 2-log decrease in CFU within 1 h. The optimal concentration of Ply30 was 50 μg/ml, and the optimal pH was 7. Moreover, Ply30 maintained high activity over a wide pH range (pH 6 to 10). The MICs of Ply30 against Streptococcus strains ranged from 16 to 512 μg/ml. In vivo, a 2-mg dose of Ply30 protected 90% (9/10 mice) of mice from infection with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and 80% (8/10 mice) of mice from infection with S. suis. Seven days after lysin Ply30 treatment, bacterial loads were significantly decreased in all tested organs and blood compared with those at 1 h postinfection without Ply30 treatment. Ply30 showed in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial efficiency and protected mice against two kinds of bacterial infections, indicating that Ply30 may be an effective therapeutic against streptococci.
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125
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Huang W, Wang S, Yao Y, Xia Y, Yang X, Long Q, Sun W, Liu C, Li Y, Ma Y. OmpW is a potential target for eliciting protective immunity against Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26207591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important conditioned pathogen that causes nosocomial and community-associated infections. In this study, we sought to investigate whether outer membrane protein W (OmpW) is a potential target for eliciting protective immunity against A. baumannii infections. Mice immunized with the fusion protein thioredoxin-OmpW generated strong OmpW-specific IgG responses. In a sepsis model, both active and passive immunizations against OmpW effectively protected mice from A. baumannii infections. This protection was demonstrated by a significantly improved survival rate, reduced bacterial burdens within organs, and the suppressed accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in sera. Opsonophagocytic assays with murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells indicated that the bactericidal effects of the antisera derived from the immunized mice are mediated synergistically by specific antibodies and complement components. The antisera presented significant opsonophagocytic activities against homologous strains and clonally distinct clinical isolates in vitro. Protein data analysis showed that the sequence of OmpW, which has a molecule length of 183 amino acids, is more than 91% conserved in reported A. baumannii strains. In conclusion, we identified OmpW as a highly immunogenic and conserved protein as a valuable antigen candidate for the development of an effective vaccine or the preparation of antisera to control A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ye Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Qiong Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China.
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Job F, Settele F, Lorey S, Rundfeldt C, Baumann L, Beck-Sickinger AG, Haupts U, Lilie H, Bosse-Doenecke E. Ubiquitin is a versatile scaffold protein for the generation of molecules with de novo binding and advantageous drug-like properties. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:579-93. [PMID: 26258013 PMCID: PMC4522466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for effective therapeutic strategies, protein-based biologicals are under intense development. While monoclonal antibodies represent the majority of these drugs, other innovative approaches are exploring the use of scaffold proteins for the creation of binding molecules with tailor-made properties. Ubiquitin is especially suited for this strategy due to several key characteristics. Ubiquitin is a natural serum protein, 100% conserved across the mammalian class and possesses high thermal, structural and proteolytic stability. Because of its small size and lack of posttranslational modifications, it can be easily produced in Escherichia coli. In this work we provide evidence that ubiquitin is safe as tested experimentally in vivo. In contrast to previously published results, we show that, in our hands, ubiquitin does not act as a functional ligand of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Cellular assays based on different signaling pathways of the receptor were conducted with the natural agonist SDF-1 as a benchmark. In none of the assays could a response to ubiquitin treatment be elicited. Furthermore, intravenous application to mice at high concentrations did not induce any detectable effect on cytokine levels or hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Job
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Technical Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Settele
- Scil Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susan Lorey
- Scil Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chris Rundfeldt
- Scil Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lars Baumann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Haupts
- Scil Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Technical Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Bosse-Doenecke
- Scil Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 345 4780 365; fax: +49 345 27996 332.
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127
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Zheng Q, Song Y, Zhang W, Shaw N, Zhou W, Rao Z. Structural views of quinone oxidoreductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal large conformational changes induced by the co-factor. FEBS J 2015; 282:2697-707. [PMID: 25924579 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Energy generation, synthesis of biomass and detoxification of synthetic compounds are driven by electron transfer in all living organisms. Soluble quinone oxidoreductases (QORs) catalyze transfer of electrons from NADPH to substrates. The open reading frame Rv1454c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes a NADPH-dependent QOR that is known to catalyze one-electron reduction of quinones to produce semiquinones. Here, we report the crystal structures of the apo-enzyme of MtbQOR and its binary complex with NADPH determined at 1.80 and 1.85 Å resolutions, respectively. The enzyme is bi-modular. Domain I binds the substrate, while domain II folds into a typical Rossmann fold for tethering NADPH. Binding of NADPH induces conformational changes. Among the known structures of QORs, MtbQOR exhibits the largest conformational change. Movement of Phe41 to stack against Ala244 results in partial closure of the active site. Comparison of the structure with homologs suggests a conserved topology. However, differences are observed in the region around the site of hydride transfer, highlighting differences in substrate specificities amongst the homologs. Unliganded as well as NADPH-bound MtbQOR crystallized as a dimer. Dimerization is mediated by homotypic intermolecular interactions involving main chain Cα as well as side-chain atoms of residues. The results of analytical ultracentrifugation analysis revealed that MtbQOR exists as a dimer in solution. Enzymatic assays indicate that MtbQOR prefers 9,10-phenanthrenequinone over 1,4-benzoquinone as a substrate. The ability to reduce quinones probably assists Mtb in detoxification of a range of harmful chemicals encountered in the host during invasion. DATABASE The coordinates and structure factors for apo- and NADPH-bound MtbQOR have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 4RVS and 4RVU, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlong Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Neil Shaw
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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128
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Kim JA, Park JH, Lee MA, Lee HJ, Park SJ, Kim KS, Choi SH, Lee KH. Stationary-phase induction of vvpS expression by three transcription factors: repression by LeuO and activation by SmcR and CRP. Mol Microbiol 2015; 97:330-46. [PMID: 25869813 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An exoprotease of Vibrio vulnificus, VvpS, exhibits an autolytic function during the stationary phase. To understand how vvpS expression is controlled, the regulators involved in vvpS transcription and their regulatory mechanisms were investigated. LeuO was isolated in a ligand-fishing experiment, and experiments using a leuO-deletion mutant revealed that LeuO represses vvpS transcription. LeuO bound the extended region including LeuO-binding site (LBS)-I and LBS-II. Further screening of additional regulators revealed that SmcR and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-receptor protein (CRP) play activating roles in vvpS transcription. SmcR and CRP bound the regions overlapping LBS-I and -II, respectively. In addition, the LeuO occupancy of LBS-I and LBS-II was competitively exchanged by SmcR and CRP, respectively. To examine the mechanism of stationary-phase induction of vvpS expression, in vivo levels of three transcription factors were monitored. Cellular level of LeuO was maximal at exponential phase, while those of SmcR and CRP were maximal at stationary phase and relatively constant after the early-exponential phase, respectively. Thus, vvpS transcription was not induced during the exponential phase by high cellular content of LeuO. When entering the stationary phase, however, LeuO content was significantly reduced and repression by LeuO was relieved through simultaneous binding of SmcR and CRP to LBS-I and -II, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Park
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kun-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
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129
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Wingfield PT. Overview of the purification of recombinant proteins. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2015; 80:6.1.1-6.1.35. [PMID: 25829302 PMCID: PMC4410719 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0601s80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
When the first version of this unit was written in 1995, protein purification of recombinant proteins was based on a variety of standard chromatographic methods and approaches, many of which were described and mentioned throughout Current Protocols in Protein Science. In the interim, there has been a shift toward an almost universal usage of the affinity or fusion tag. This may not be the case for biotechnology manufacture where affinity tags can complicate producing proteins under regulatory conditions. Regardless of the protein expression system, questions are asked as to which and how many affinity tags to use, where to attach them in the protein, and whether to engineer a self-cleavage system or simply leave them on. We will briefly address some of these issues. Also, although this overview focuses on E.coli, protein expression and purification, other commonly used expression systems are mentioned and, apart from cell-breakage methods, protein purification methods and strategies are essentially the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Wingfield
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS - NIH, Building 6B, Room 1B130, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, Tel: 301-594-1313,
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130
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Li H, Hui X, Li P, Xu A, Li S, Jin S, Wu D. Expression and efficient purification of tag-cleaved active recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-II from Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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131
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Khalili M, Soleyman MR, Baazm M, Beyer C. High-level expression and purification of soluble bioactive recombinant human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in Escherichia coli. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:858-64. [PMID: 25712700 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of highly conserved superfamily of proteins that has potential mitogenic activity and stimulates differentiation and migration of various cell types. Since HB-EGF has three intra-molecular disulfide bonds, a high expression pattern of active HB-EGF in an E. coli expression system was not successfully established. The aim of this study was to increase production of soluble bioactive recombinant human HB-EGF in E. coli by modifying growth conditions and codon optimization. The open reading frame codons of human HB-EGF were optimized to achieve high level expression in E. coli. The optimized codon was amplified, cloned into plasmid pET-32a, and transformed into E. coli BL21 for further expression. The cultivation parameters (temperature and inducer) were optimized to produce a high yield of soluble HB-EGF. The fusion protein was purified by Nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography. Amethylthiazole tetrazolium assay was used to evaluate the bioactivity of the produced recombinant protein. After codon optimization, the codon adaptation index (CAI) was increased from 0.255 in native gene to 0.829 using the optimized sequence. By lowering the temperature to 22°C and the inducer to 0.4 μM, we obtained 35% soluble expression of recombinant and biologically active human HB-EGF. Our data demonstrate that codon optimization increases the yield of HB-EGF in an E. coli expression system. Furthermore, the chosen modifications in cell culturing increase the solubility of recombinant human HB-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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132
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Salari F, Vahedi F, Chamani J, Varasteh A, Ketabdar H, Sankian M. Efficient expression of a soluble lipid transfer protein (LTP) of Platanus orientalis using short peptide tags and structural comparison with the natural form. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:218-25. [PMID: 24750344 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Successful recombinant allergen-based immunotherapy has drawn a great deal of attention to use recombinant allergens for new therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies. The Escherichia coli expression system is frequently used to produce recombinant allergens; however, protein expression in E. coli often results in inclusion bodies. Here, we focused on the expression of two recombinant soluble forms of Pla or 3 using solubility-enhancing peptide tags, human immune deficiency virus type 1 transactivator of transcription core domain and poly-arginine-lysine: rTAT-Pla or 3 and rPoly-Arg-Lys-Pla or 3. Structural characteristics and IgE reactivity of purified recombinant proteins were compared with natural Pla or 3 (nPla or 3) isolated from Platanus orientalis using circular dichroism spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, and immunoblotting. Likewise, intrinsic viscosity and Stokes radius of the natural and recombinant Pla or 3 allergens were determined to analyze structural compactness in aqueous media. The results indicate high-level solubility and efficient expression of the fusion proteins (rTAT-Pla or 3 and rPoly-Arg-Lys-Pla or 3) compared with the wild-type recombinant. Furthermore, the similar structural characteristics and IgE-binding activities of the fusion proteins to nPla or 3 provide a promising tool for allergy diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Salari
- Immunobiochemistry Lab, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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133
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Bolchi A, Canali E, Santoni A, Spagnoli G, Viarisio D, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Müller M, Ottonello S. Thioredoxin-Displayed Multipeptide Immunogens. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1348:137-51. [PMID: 26424270 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fusion to carrier proteins is an effective strategy for stabilizing and providing immunogenicity to peptide epitopes. This is commonly achieved by cross-linking of chemically synthesized peptides to carrier proteins. An alternative approach is internal grafting of selected peptide epitopes to a scaffold protein via double stranded-oligonucleotide insertion or gene synthesis, followed by recombinant expression of the resulting chimeric polypeptide. The scaffold protein should confer immunogenicity to the stabilized and structurally constrained peptide, but also afford easy production of the antigen in recombinant form. A macromolecular scaffold that meets the above criteria is the redox protein thioredoxin, especially bacterial thioredoxin. Here we describe our current methodology for internal grafting of selected peptide epitopes to thioredoxin as tandemly arranged multipeptide repeats ("Thioredoxin Displayed Multipeptide Immunogens"), bacterial expression and purification of the recombinant thioredoxin-multipeptide fusion proteins and their use as antigens for the production of anti-peptide antibodies for prophylactic vaccine as well as diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Bolchi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Canali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Santoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Spagnoli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Simone Ottonello
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, Parma, 43124, Italy.
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134
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Chen B, Liu Q, Popowich A, Shen S, Yan X, Zhang Q, Li XF, Weinfeld M, Cullen WR, Le XC. Therapeutic and analytical applications of arsenic binding to proteins. Metallomics 2015; 7:39-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of arsenic binding to proteins advances the development of bioanalytical techniques and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Shengwen Shen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - William R. Cullen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, Canada
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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135
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Production of disulfide bond-rich peptides by fusion expression using small transmembrane proteins of Escherichia coli. Amino Acids 2014; 47:579-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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136
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Wu MH, Jin XK, Yu AQ, Zhu YT, Li D, Li WW, Wang Q. Caspase-mediated apoptosis in crustaceans: cloning and functional characterization of EsCaspase-3-like protein from Eriocheir. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:625-632. [PMID: 25462457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The caspase-3-like gene was cloned from Eriocheir sinensis, and its properties were characterized to identify the biological implications of this caspase in apoptosis in crab. Its deduced full-length protein sequence consists of 462 amino acid residues, including the prodomain and the large and small subunits. Moreover, several residues known to be critical in the caspase-3 catalytic center and binding pocket, as well as the active site pentapeptide motif Q(220)ACRG(224), were identically present in the deduced EsCaspase-3-like protein. Subsequently, the recombinant EsCaspase-3-like (rEsCaspase-3-like) protein was expressed from Escherichia coli and obtained via affinity purification. Results of the in vitro enzymatic activity assays indicated that the rEsCaspase-3-like protein is capable of hydrolyzing the substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA, suggesting a functional role in physiology. EsCaspase-3-like gene transcripts were found to be widely distributed in all tissues as detected by quantitative RT-PCR, being especially abundant in hemocytes and comparatively rare in muscles. Furthermore, EsCaspase-3-like, at both the mRNA and protein levels, was demonstrated to participate in the apoptotic process after stimulation by different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in hemocytes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the EsCaspase-3-like protein functions as an effector caspase and contributes to immune responses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hao Wu
- Laboratory of Immunological Defense & Reproduction Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, NO 500 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, China
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137
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Lee CR, Kim M, Park YH, Kim YR, Seok YJ. RppH-dependent pyrophosphohydrolysis of mRNAs is regulated by direct interaction with DapF in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12746-57. [PMID: 25313159 PMCID: PMC4227774 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to decapping of eukaryotic mRNAs, the RppH-catalyzed conversion of 5′-terminal triphosphate to monophosphate has recently been identified as the rate-limiting step for the degradation of a subset of mRNAs in Escherichia coli. However, the regulation of RppH pyrophosphohydrolase activity is not well understood. Because the overexpression of RppH alone does not affect the decay rate of most target mRNAs, the existence of a mechanism regulating its activity has been suggested. In this study, we identified DapF, a diaminopimelate (DAP) epimerase catalyzing the stereoinversion of L,L-DAP to meso-DAP, as a regulator of RppH. DapF showed a high affinity interaction with RppH and increased its RNA pyrophosphohydrolase activity. The simultaneous overexpression of both DapF and RppH increased the decay rates of RppH target RNAs by about a factor of two. Together, our data suggest that the cellular level of DapF is a critical factor regulating the RppH-catalyzed pyrophosphate removal and the subsequent degradation of target mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ro Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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138
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Uversky VN. Proteins without unique 3D structures: biotechnological applications of intrinsically unstable/disordered proteins. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:356-66. [PMID: 25287424 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are functional proteins or regions that do not have unique 3D structures under functional conditions. Therefore, from the viewpoint of their lack of stable 3D structure, IDPs/IDPRs are inherently unstable. As much as structure and function of normal ordered globular proteins are determined by their amino acid sequences, the lack of unique 3D structure in IDPs/IDPRs and their disorder-based functionality are also encoded in the amino acid sequences. Because of their specific sequence features and distinctive conformational behavior, these intrinsically unstable proteins or regions have several applications in biotechnology. This review introduces some of the most characteristic features of IDPs/IDPRs (such as peculiarities of amino acid sequences of these proteins and regions, their major structural features, and peculiar responses to changes in their environment) and describes how these features can be used in the biotechnology, for example for the proteome-wide analysis of the abundance of extended IDPs, for recombinant protein isolation and purification, as polypeptide nanoparticles for drug delivery, as solubilization tools, and as thermally sensitive carriers of active peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Faculty of Science, Biology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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139
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Chen L, Shen D, Sun N, Xu J, Wang W, Dou D. Phytophthora sojae TatD nuclease positively regulates sporulation and negatively regulates pathogenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1070-80. [PMID: 24940989 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-14-0153-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During pathogenic interactions, both the host and pathogen are exposed to conditions that induce programmed cell death (PCD). Certain aspects of PCD have been recently examined in eukaryotic microbes but not in oomycetes. Here, we identified conserved TatD proteins in Phytophthora sojae; the proteins are key components of DNA degradation in apoptosis. We selected PsTatD4 for further investigation because the enzyme is unique to the oomycete branch of the phylogenetic tree. The purified protein exhibited DNase activity in vitro. Its expression was upregulated in sporangia and later infective stages but downregulated in cysts and during early infection. Functional analysis revealed that the gene was required for sporulation and zoospore production, and the expression levels were associated with the numbers of hydrogen-peroxide-induced terminal dUTP nick end-labeling-positive cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PsTatD4 gene reduced the virulence in a susceptible soybean cultivar. Together, these data suggest that apoptosis may play different roles in the early and late infective stages of P. sojae, and that PsTatD4 is a key regulator of infection. The association of PsTatD4 and apoptosis will lay a foundation to understanding the basic biology of apoptosis and its roles in P. sojae disease cycle.
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140
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Slavokhotova AA, Naumann TA, Price NPJ, Rogozhin EA, Andreev YA, Vassilevski AA, Odintsova TI. Novel mode of action of plant defense peptides - hevein-like antimicrobial peptides from wheat inhibit fungal metalloproteases. FEBS J 2014; 281:4754-64. [PMID: 25154438 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The multilayered plant immune system relies on rapid recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns followed by activation of defense-related genes, resulting in the reinforcement of plant cell walls and the production of antimicrobial compounds. To suppress plant defense, fungi secrete effectors, including a recently discovered Zn-metalloproteinase from Fusarium verticillioides, named fungalysin Fv-cmp. This proteinase cleaves class IV chitinases, which are plant defense proteins that bind and degrade chitin of fungal cell walls. In this study, we investigated plant responses to such pathogen invasion, and discovered novel inhibitors of fungalysin. We produced several recombinant hevein-like antimicrobial peptides named wheat antimicrobial peptides (WAMPs) containing different amino acids (Ala, Lys, Glu, and Asn) at the nonconserved position 34. An additional Ser at the site of fungalysin proteolysis makes the peptides resistant to the protease. Moreover, an equal molar concentration of WAMP-1b or WAMP-2 to chitinase was sufficient to block the fungalysin activity, keeping the chitinase intact. Thus, WAMPs represent novel protease inhibitors that are active against fungal metalloproteases. According to in vitro antifungal assays WAMPs directly inhibited hyphal elongation, suggesting that fungalysin plays an important role in fungal development. A novel molecular mechanism of dynamic interplay between host defense molecules and fungal virulence factors is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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141
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Fitzpatrick JM, Pellegrini M, Cushing PR, Mierke DF. Small molecule inhibition of the Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory factor 1 and parathyroid hormone 1 receptor interaction. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5916-22. [PMID: 25171053 PMCID: PMC4172209 DOI: 10.1021/bi500368k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a series of small molecules that bind to the canonical peptide binding groove of the PDZ1 domain of NHERF1 and effectively compete with the association of the C-terminus of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R). Employing nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling, we characterize the mode of binding that involves the GYGF loop important for the association of the C-terminus of PTH1R. We demonstrate that the common core of the small molecules binds to the PDZ1 domain of NHERF1 and displaces a (15)N-labeled peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of PTH1R. The small size (molecular weight of 192) of this core scaffold makes it an excellent candidate for further elaboration in the development of an inhibitor for this important protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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142
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Zhu Y, Peng QZ, Li KG, Xie DY. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from Vitis bellula. PLANTA 2014; 240:381-98. [PMID: 24880552 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is an NADPH-/NADH-dependent enzyme that transfers two hydrides to anthocyanidins to produce three types of isomeric flavan-3-ols. This reductase forms the ANR pathway toward the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs, which are also called condensed tannins). Here, we report cloning and functional characterization of an ANR (called VbANR) homolog from the leaves of Vitis bellula, a newly developed grape crop in southern China. The open reading frame (ORF) of VbANR is 1,017 bp in length and encodes 339 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis and an alignment using 17 sequences revealed that VbANR is approximately 99.9 % identical to the ANR homolog from Vitis vinifera. The VbANR ORF is fused to the Trx gene containing a His-tag in the pET32a(+) vector to obtain a pET32a(+)-VbANR construct for expressing the recombinant VbANR. In vitro enzyme assays show that VbANR converts cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols. Enzymatic products include 2S,3R-trans- and 2R,3R-cis-flavan-3-ols isomers, such as (-)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. In addition, the third compound that is observed from the enzymatic products is most likely a 2S,3S-cis-flavan-3-ol. To analyze the kinetics and optimize pH and temperature values, a UV spectrometry method was developed to quantify the concentrations of total enzymatic products. The optimum pH and temperature values are 4.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The K m , K cat, V max, and K cat/K m values for pelargonidin and delphinidin were similar. In comparison, VbANR exhibits a slightly lower affinity to cyanidin. VbANR uses both NADPH and NADH but prefers to employ NADPH. GFP fusion and confocal microscopy analyses revealed the cytosolic localization of VbANR. The overexpression of VbANR in ban mutants reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate that VbANR forms the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of three types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in the leaves of V. bellula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, No. 120 Ren Min Nan Lu, Jishou City, 416000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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143
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Levarski Z, Šoltýsová A, Krahulec J, Stuchlík S, Turňa J. High-level expression and purification of recombinant human growth hormone produced in soluble form in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 100:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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144
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Liang JJ, Zhang ML, Ding M, Mai ZM, Wu SX, Du Y, Feng JX. Alcohol dehydrogenases from Kluyveromyces marxianus: heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and biochemical characterization. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:45. [PMID: 24885162 PMCID: PMC4062290 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kluyveromyces marxianus has recently become a species of interest for ethanol production since it can produce ethanol at high temperature and on a wide variety of substrates. However, the reason why this yeast can produce ethanol at high temperature is largely unknown. Results The ethanol fermentation capability of K. marxianus GX-UN120 at 40°С was found to be the same as that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 34°С. Zymogram analysis showed that alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (KmAdh1) was largely induced during ethanol production, KmAdh4 was constitutively expressed at a lower level and KmAdh2 and KmAdh3 were almost undetectable. The genes encoding the four alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) were cloned from strain GX-UN120. Each KmADH was expressed in Escherichia coli and each recombinant protein was digested with enterokinase to remove the fusion protein. The optimum pH of the purified recombinant KmAdh1 was 8.0 and that of KmAdh2, KmAdh3 and KmAdh4 was 7.0. The optimum temperatures of KmAdh1, KmAdh2, KmAdh3 and KmAdh4 were 50, 45, 55 and 45°C, respectively. The Km values of the recombinant KmAdh1 and KmAdh2 were 4.0 and 1.2 mM for acetaldehyde and 39.7 and 49.5 mM for ethanol, respectively. The Vmax values of the recombinant KmAdh1 and KmAdh2 were 114.9 and 21.6 μmol min-1 mg-1 for acetaldehyde and 57.5 and 1.8 μmol min-1 mg-1 for ethanol, respectively. KmAdh3 and KmAdh4 catalyze the oxidation reaction of ethanol to acetaldehyde but not the reduction reaction of acetaldehyde to ethanol, and the Km values of the recombinant KmAdh3 and KmAdh4 were 26.0 and 17.0 mM for ethanol, respectively. The Vmax values of the recombinant KmAdh3 and KmAdh4 were 12.8 and 56.2 μmol min-1 mg-1 for ethanol, respectively. Conclusion These data in this study collectively indicate that KmAdh1 is the primary ADH responsible for the production of ethanol from the reduction of acetaldehyde in K. marxianus. The relatively high optimum temperature of KmAdh1 may partially explain the ability of K. marxianus to produce ethanol at high temperature. Understanding the biochemical characteristics of KmAdhs will enhance our fundamental knowledge of the metabolism of ethanol fermentation in K. marxianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-juan Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P, R, China.
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145
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Murad H, Ali B, Makeya R, Abbady AQ. Prokaryotic overexpression of TEV–rhGH and characterization of its polyclonal antibody. Gene 2014; 542:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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146
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Expression, purification and activity assay of a patchoulol synthase cDNA variant fused to thioredoxin in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 97:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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147
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A high-performance thioredoxin-based scaffold for peptide immunogen construction: proof-of-concept testing with a human papillomavirus epitope. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4729. [PMID: 24751665 PMCID: PMC3994442 DOI: 10.1038/srep04729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli thioredoxin has been previously exploited as a scaffold for the presentation/stabilization of peptide aptamers as well as to confer immunogenicity to peptide epitopes. Here we focused on other key features of thioredoxin that are of general interest for the production of safer and more effective peptide immunogens, such as a high thermal stability, lack of cross-reactivity and a low-cost of production. We identified thioredoxin from the archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus (PfTrx) as a novel scaffold meeting all the above criteria. PfTrx is a highly thermostable and protease-resistant scaffold with a strong (poly)peptide solubilisation capacity. Anti-PfTrx antibodies did not cross-react with mouse, nor human thioredoxin. Untagged PfTrx bearing a previously identified HPV16-L2 peptide epitope was obtained in a >90% pure form with a one-step thermal purification procedure and effectively elicited the production of neutralizing anti-HPV antibodies. We thus propose PfTrx as a superior, general-purpose scaffold for the construction of safe, stable, and low-cost peptide immunogens.
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148
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Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:172. [PMID: 24860555 PMCID: PMC4029002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins. Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression platform. For this reason, there are many molecular tools and protocols at hand for the high-level production of heterologous proteins, such as a vast catalog of expression plasmids, a great number of engineered strains and many cultivation strategies. We review the different approaches for the synthesis of recombinant proteins in E. coli and discuss recent progress in this ever-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
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149
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Peterhoff D, Beer B, Rajendran C, Kumpula EP, Kapetaniou E, Guldan H, Wierenga RK, Sterner R, Babinger P. A comprehensive analysis of the geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase enzyme family identifies novel members and reveals mechanisms of substrate specificity and quaternary structure organization. Mol Microbiol 2014; 92:885-99. [PMID: 24684232 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase (GGGPS) family enzymes catalyse the formation of an ether bond between glycerol-1-phosphate and polyprenyl diphosphates. They are essential for the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids, but also occur in bacterial species, albeit with unknown physiological function. It has been known that there exist two phylogenetic groups (I and II) of GGGPS family enzymes, but a comprehensive study has been missing. We therefore visualized the variability within the family by applying a sequence similarity network, and biochemically characterized 17 representative GGGPS family enzymes regarding their catalytic activities and substrate specificities. Moreover, we present the first crystal structures of group II archaeal and bacterial enzymes. Our analysis revealed that the previously uncharacterized bacterial enzymes from group II have GGGPS activity like the archaeal enzymes and differ from the bacterial group I enzymes that are heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate synthases. The length of the isoprenoid substrate is determined in group II GGGPS enzymes by 'limiter residues' that are different from those in group I enzymes, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis. Most of the group II enzymes form hexamers. We could disrupt these hexamers to stable and catalytically active dimers by mutating a single amino acid that acts as an 'aromatic anchor'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peterhoff
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93040, Germany
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150
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Yoon BH, Jeon YH, Hwang B, Kwon H, Choe S, Yang Z. Anti-wrinkle effect of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1a-extracellular domain (BMPR1a-ECD). BMB Rep 2014; 46:465-70. [PMID: 24064062 PMCID: PMC4133875 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.9.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have diverse and important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells in our tissues. Especially, BMPs are well known to be the main inducers of bone formation, by facilitating both proliferation and differentiation of bone stem cells. Interestingly, in skin stem cells, BMPs repress their proliferation but are indispensable for the proper differentiation into several lineages of skin cells. Here, we tested whether BMP antagonists have an effect on the prevention of wrinkle formation. For this study we used an in vivo wrinkle-induced mouse model. As a positive control, retinoic acid, one of the top anti-wrinkle effectors, showed a 44% improvement compared to the non-treated control. Surprisingly, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1a extracellular domain (BMPR1a-ECD) exhibited an anti-wrinkle effect which was 6-fold greater than that of retinoic acid. Our results indicate that BMP antagonists will be good targets for skin or hair diseases. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(9): 465-470]
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hak Yoon
- joint Center for Biosciences at Songdo Global University Campus, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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