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Non-transcriptional Function of FOXO1/DAF-16 Contributes to Translesion DNA Synthesis. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2755-2766. [PMID: 27550812 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00265-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO; DAF-16 in nematode) transcription factors activate a program of genes that control stress resistance, metabolism, and lifespan. Given the adverse impact of the stochastic DNA damage on organismal development and ageing, we examined the role of FOXO/DAF-16 in UV-induced DNA-damage response. Knockdown of FOXO1, but not FOXO3a, increases sensitivity to UV irradiation when exposed during S phase, suggesting a contribution of FOXO1 to translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), a replicative bypass of UV-induced DNA lesions. Actually, FOXO1 depletion results in a sustained activation of the ATR-Chk1 signaling and a reduction of PCNA monoubiquitination following UV irradiation. FOXO1 does not alter the expression of TLS-related genes but binds to the protein replication protein A (RPA1) that coats single-stranded DNA and acts as a scaffold for TLS. In Caenorhabditis elegans, daf-16 null mutants show UV-induced retardation in larval development and are rescued by overexpressing DAF-16 mutant lacking transactivation domain, but not substitution mutant unable to interact with RPA-1. Thus, our findings demonstrate that FOXO1/DAF-16 is a functional component in TLS independently of its transactivation activity.
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102
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Metabolic Control of Longevity. Cell 2016; 166:802-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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103
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Martín-Fernández B, Gredilla R. Mitochondria and oxidative stress in heart aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:225-238. [PMID: 27449187 PMCID: PMC5061683 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As average lifespan of humans increases in western countries, cardiac diseases become the first cause of death. Aging is among the most important risk factors that increase susceptibility for developing cardiovascular diseases. The heart has very aerobic metabolism, and is highly dependent on mitochondrial function, since mitochondria generate more than 90 % of the intracellular ATP consumed by cardiomyocytes. In the last few decades, several investigations have supported the relevance of mitochondria and oxidative stress both in heart aging and in the development of cardiac diseases such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the current review, we compile different studies corroborating this role. Increased mitochondria DNA instability, impaired bioenergetic efficiency, enhanced apoptosis, and inflammation processes are some of the events related to mitochondria that occur in aging heart, leading to reduced cellular survival and cardiac dysfunction. Knowing the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in the aging process will provide a better understanding of them and allow finding approaches to more efficiently improve this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Gredilla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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104
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Erol Tinaztepe Ö, Ay M, Eser E. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA of Age-Related Cataract Patients Are Susceptible to Oxidative Damage. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:583-588. [PMID: 27442312 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative stress are considered as an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC). In addition, it has been shown that DNA damage has a potential role in the pathogenesis of cataract. In this study, background DNA damage, oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, and repair of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ARC patients were investigated. METHODS The study population included 30 age-matched and sex-matched controls with 30 ARC patients aged 50 years and older. Acute oxidative stress was induced by 200 µM H2O2. The DNA damage was determined using gene-specific quantitative PCR-based assay in DNA extracted from PBMCs, both at basal condition and after (0, 6, and 20 h) acute oxidative stress. RESULTS Background level of mitochondrial DNA frequency was higher in cataract patients. The present study revealed that, for the first time, both nDNA and mtDNA of cataract patients were sensitive to the oxidative stress in comparison with healthy individuals. It was found that oxidative DNA damage in PBMCs was almost all repaired within 20 h. Also, time-dependent repair of nDNA and mtDNA damage was not different between cataract patients and healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clearly demonstrate that both nDNA and mtDNA in cataract patients are susceptible to oxidative DNA damage and background level of mitochondrial DNA damage was higher. Also, these results suggest that oxidative DNA damage accumulation (especially mtDNA damage) can play a crucial role in pathogenesis of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Erol Tinaztepe
- a Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ay
- a Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Eray Eser
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Çanakkale State Hospital , Çanakkale , Turkey
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105
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Rapamycin safeguards lymphocytes from DNA damage accumulation in vivo. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:331-41. [PMID: 27349711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported the benefits of switching from anticalcineurins to mTOR inhibitors to avoid cancer occurrence after organ transplantation. The purpose of our study was to determine in vivo biological markers to explain these benefits. Cellular changes related to cellular senescence and DNA damage were analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thirty-five kidney transplanted patients receiving anticalcineurins were investigated: 17 patients were proposed to switch to rapamycin and 18 patients with similar age and transplantation duration, continued anticalcineurins. Rapamycin effects were studied one year after the switch. Thirteen healthy volunteers and 18 hemodialyzed patients were evaluated as control. Compared with the healthy group, hemodialyzed and transplanted patients exhibited a significant decrease in telomere length, an increase in p16(INK4A) mRNA expression and in lymphocytes with 53BP1 foci. A destabilization of the shelterin complexes was suggested by a significant TIN2 mRNA decrease in transplanted patients compared with controls and a significant increase in TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 expression in switch-proposed patients compared with the non-switched subgroup. Rapamycin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in DNA damage and a slight TIN2 increase. In vitro experiments strengthened in vivo results showing that rapamycin but not FK506 induced a significant DNA damage decrease and TIN2 expression increase compared with controls. The roles of rapamycin in the decrease in DNA damage in vivo and the rescue of shelterin gene expression are demonstrated for the first time. These data provide new insights into understanding of how rapamycin may overcome genomic injuries.
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106
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Li J, Cai D, Yao X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Jing P, Wang L, Wang Y. Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells through Attenuating Oxidative Stress and the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in a Mouse Model of d-Galactose-induced Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060849. [PMID: 27294914 PMCID: PMC4926383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell senescence is an important and current hypothesis accounting for organismal aging, especially the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Ginsenoside Rg1 is the main active pharmaceutical ingredient of ginseng, which is a traditional Chinese medicine. This study explored the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on Sca-1⁺ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) in a mouse model of d-galactose-induced aging. The mimetic aging mouse model was induced by continuous injection of d-gal for 42 days, and the C57BL/6 mice were respectively treated with ginsenoside Rg1, Vitamin E or normal saline after 7 days of d-gal injection. Compared with those in the d-gal administration alone group, ginsenoside Rg1 protected Sca-1⁺ HSC/HPCs by decreasing SA-β-Gal and enhancing the colony forming unit-mixture (CFU-Mix), and adjusting oxidative stress indices like reactive oxygen species (ROS), total anti-oxidant (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 decreased β-catenin and c-Myc mRNA expression and enhanced the phosphorylation of GSK-3β. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg1 down-regulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), phospho-histone H2A.X (r-H2A.X), 8-OHdG, p16(Ink4a), Rb, p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p53 in senescent Sca-1⁺ HSC/HPCs. Our findings indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 can improve the resistance of Sca-1⁺ HSC/HPCs in a mouse model of d-galactose-induced aging through the suppression of oxidative stress and excessive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and reduction of DNA damage response, p16(Ink4a)-Rb and p53-p21(Cip1/Waf1) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Linbo Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Pengwei Jing
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Orellana AMM, Vasconcelos AR, Quintas LEM, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. The Influence of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase on Glutamate Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Senescence. Front Physiol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27313535 PMCID: PMC4890531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity causes energy deficiency, which is commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. The NKA is constituted of three subunits: α, β, and γ, with four distinct isoforms of the catalytic α subunit (α1-4). Genetic mutations in the ATP1A2 gene and ATP1A3 gene, encoding the α2 and α3 subunit isoforms, respectively can cause distinct neurological disorders, concurrent to impaired NKA activity. Within the central nervous system (CNS), the α2 isoform is expressed mostly in glial cells and the α3 isoform is neuron-specific. Mutations in ATP1A2 gene can result in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM2), while mutations in the ATP1A3 gene can cause Rapid-onset dystonia-Parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), as well as the cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pescavus, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) syndrome. Data indicates that the central glutamatergic system is affected by mutations in the α2 isoform, however further investigations are required to establish a connection to mutations in the α3 isoform, especially given the diagnostic confusion and overlap with glutamate transporter disease. The age-related decline in brain α2∕3 activity may arise from changes in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway. Glutamate, through nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cGMP and PKG, stimulates brain α2∕3 activity, with the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor cascade able to drive an adaptive, neuroprotective response to inflammatory and challenging stimuli, including amyloid-β. Here we review the NKA, both as an ion pump as well as a receptor that interacts with NMDA, including the role of NKA subunits mutations. Failure of the NKA-associated adaptive response mechanisms may render neurons more susceptible to degeneration over the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F. Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A. Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria M. Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea R. Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E. M. Quintas
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa M. Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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108
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Plasma Amyloid Beta 1-42 and DNA Methylation Pattern Predict Accelerated Aging in Young Subjects with Down Syndrome. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:593-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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109
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Krauss SR, de Haan G. Epigenetic perturbations in aging stem cells. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:396-406. [PMID: 27229519 PMCID: PMC4935734 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells maintain homeostasis in all regenerating tissues during the lifespan of an organism. Thus, age-related functional decline of such tissues is likely to be at least partially explained by molecular events occurring in the stem cell compartment. Some of these events involve epigenetic changes, which may dictate how an aging genome can lead to differential gene expression programs. Recent technological advances have made it now possible to assess the genome-wide distribution of an ever-increasing number of epigenetic marks. As a result, the hypothesis that there may be a causal role for an altered epigenome contributing to the functional decline of cells, tissues, and organs in aging organisms can now be explored. In this paper, we review recent developments in the field of epigenetic regulation of stem cells, and how this may contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Russo Krauss
- Department of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- Department of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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110
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Kang E, Wang X, Tippner-Hedges R, Ma H, Folmes CDL, Gutierrez NM, Lee Y, Van Dyken C, Ahmed R, Li Y, Koski A, Hayama T, Luo S, Harding CO, Amato P, Jensen J, Battaglia D, Lee D, Wu D, Terzic A, Wolf DP, Huang T, Mitalipov S. Age-Related Accumulation of Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Adult-Derived Human iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:625-36. [PMID: 27151456 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The genetic integrity of iPSCs is an important consideration for therapeutic application. In this study, we examine the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations in skin fibroblasts, blood, and iPSCs derived from young and elderly subjects (24-72 years). We found that pooled skin and blood mtDNA contained low heteroplasmic point mutations, but a panel of ten individual iPSC lines from each tissue or clonally expanded fibroblasts carried an elevated load of heteroplasmic or homoplasmic mutations, suggesting that somatic mutations randomly arise within individual cells but are not detectable in whole tissues. The frequency of mtDNA defects in iPSCs increased with age, and many mutations were non-synonymous or resided in RNA coding genes and thus can lead to respiratory defects. Our results highlight a need to monitor mtDNA mutations in iPSCs, especially those generated from older patients, and to examine the metabolic status of iPSCs destined for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Xinjian Wang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rebecca Tippner-Hedges
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Clifford D L Folmes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nuria Marti Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Riffat Ahmed
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jensen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Battaglia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Lee
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Diana Wu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Don P Wolf
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Xu S, Huang H, Li N, Zhang B, Jia Y, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Xiong XD, Wang D, Zheng HL, Liu X. MicroRNA-33 promotes the replicative senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts by suppressing CDK6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1064-1070. [PMID: 27059142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a large class of tiny noncoding RNAs, which have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, and thus are involved in multiple cellular processes, including cellular senescence. MicroRNA-33 has previously been established to exert crucial effect on cell proliferation, lipid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism. Nonetheless, the association between microRNA-33 and cellular senescence and its underlying molecular mechanism are far to be elucidated. The present study has attempted to probe into the effect of microRNA-33 on MEFs senescence. Our data unveiled that microRNA-33 was dramatically down-regulated in senescent MEFs compared to the young MEFs, and ectopic expression of microRNA-33 promoted MEFs senescence, while knock-down of microRNA-33 exhibited a protective effect against senescence phenotype. Moreover, we verified CDK6 as a direct target of microRNA-33 in mouse. Silencing of CDK6 induced the premature senescence phenotype of MEFs similarly as microRNA-33, while enforced expression of CDK6 significantly reverse the senescence-induction effect of microRNA-33. Taken together, our results suggested that microRNA-33 enhanced the replicative senescence of MEFs potentially by suppressing CDK6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Haijiao Huang
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yubin Jia
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yukun Yang
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Xing-Dong Xiong
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Dengchuan Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Hui-Ling Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
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Visser WE, Bombardieri CR, Zevenbergen C, Barnhoorn S, Ottaviani A, van der Pluijm I, Brandt R, Kaptein E, van Heerebeek R, van Toor H, Garinis GA, Peeters RP, Medici M, van Ham W, Vermeij WP, de Waard MC, de Krijger RR, Boelen A, Kwakkel J, Kopchick JJ, List EO, Melis JPM, Darras VM, Dollé MET, van der Horst GTJ, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Visser TJ. Tissue-Specific Suppression of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Various Mouse Models of Aging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149941. [PMID: 26953569 PMCID: PMC4783069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage contributes to the process of aging, as underscored by premature aging syndromes caused by defective DNA repair. Thyroid state changes during aging, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Since thyroid hormone (TH) is a key regulator of metabolism, changes in TH signaling have widespread effects. Here, we reveal a significant common transcriptomic signature in livers from hypothyroid mice, DNA repair-deficient mice with severe (Csbm/m/Xpa-/-) or intermediate (Ercc1-/Δ-7) progeria and naturally aged mice. A strong induction of TH-inactivating deiodinase D3 and decrease of TH-activating D1 activities are observed in Csbm/m/Xpa-/- livers. Similar findings are noticed in Ercc1-/Δ-7, in naturally aged animals and in wild-type mice exposed to a chronic subtoxic dose of DNA-damaging agents. In contrast, TH signaling in muscle, heart and brain appears unaltered. These data show a strong suppression of TH signaling in specific peripheral organs in premature and normal aging, probably lowering metabolism, while other tissues appear to preserve metabolism. D3-mediated TH inactivation is unexpected, given its expression mainly in fetal tissues. Our studies highlight the importance of DNA damage as the underlying mechanism of changes in thyroid state. Tissue-specific regulation of deiodinase activities, ensuring diminished TH signaling, may contribute importantly to the protective metabolic response in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Edward Visser
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Cíntia R. Bombardieri
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Zevenbergen
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Ottaviani
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), UMR 7284 CNRS U1081 INSERM UNS, 28 avenue de Valombrose Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Brandt
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kaptein
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans van Toor
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George A. Garinis
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy van Ham
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. de Waard
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anita Boelen
- Dept of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Kwakkel
- Dept of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Edward O. List
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joost P. M. Melis
- Dept of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M. Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn E. T. Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Visser
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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113
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Fontán-Lozano A, Capilla-Gonzalez V, Aguilera Y, Mellado N, Carrión AM, Soria B, Hmadcha A. Impact of transient down-regulation of DREAM in human embryonic stem cell pluripotency: The role of DREAM in the maintenance of hESCs. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:568-78. [PMID: 26999760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the functions of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, DREAM interacts with cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, preventing CREB binding protein (CBP) recruitment. Furthermore, CREB and CBP are involved in maintaining ESC self-renewal and pluripotency. However, a previous knockout study revealed the protective function of DREAM depletion in brain aging degeneration and that aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in stem cells (SCs) function. Interestingly, we found that DREAM is expressed in different cell types, including human ESCs (hESCs), human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs), human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs), and human newborn foreskin fibroblasts (hFFs), and that transitory inhibition of DREAM in hESCs reduces their pluripotency, increasing differentiation. We stipulate that these changes are partly mediated by increased CREB transcriptional activity. Overall, our data indicates that DREAM acts in the regulation of hESC pluripotency and could be a target to promote or prevent differentiation in embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fontán-Lozano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - V Capilla-Gonzalez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Y Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - N Mellado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - A M Carrión
- División de Neurociencias, Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - B Soria
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla 41092, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólica asociada (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - A Hmadcha
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla 41092, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólica asociada (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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114
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Matsumura H, Mohri Y, Binh NT, Morinaga H, Fukuda M, Ito M, Kurata S, Hoeijmakers J, Nishimura EK. Hair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis. Science 2016; 351:aad4395. [PMID: 26912707 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair thinning and loss are prominent aging phenotypes but have an unknown mechanism. We show that hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) aging causes the stepwise miniaturization of hair follicles and eventual hair loss in wild-type mice and in humans. In vivo fate analysis of HFSCs revealed that the DNA damage response in HFSCs causes proteolysis of type XVII collagen (COL17A1/BP180), a critical molecule for HFSC maintenance, to trigger HFSC aging, characterized by the loss of stemness signatures and by epidermal commitment. Aged HFSCs are cyclically eliminated from the skin through terminal epidermal differentiation, thereby causing hair follicle miniaturization. The aging process can be recapitulated by Col17a1 deficiency and prevented by the forced maintenance of COL17A1 in HFSCs, demonstrating that COL17A1 in HFSCs orchestrates the stem cell-centric aging program of the epithelial mini-organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thanh Binh
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. Department of Stem Cell Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sotaro Kurata
- Beppu Garden-Hill Clinic, Kurata Clinic, Beppu city, Oita 8740831, Japan
| | - Jan Hoeijmakers
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus MC, Room Ee 722, Dr. Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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115
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Fernández del Río L, Gutiérrez-Casado E, Varela-López A, Villalba JM. Olive Oil and the Hallmarks of Aging. Molecules 2016; 21:163. [PMID: 26840281 PMCID: PMC6273542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial and tissue-specific process involving diverse alterations regarded as the "hallmarks of aging", which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion and altered intracellular communication. Virtually all these hallmarks are targeted by dietary olive oil, particularly by virgin olive oil, since many of its beneficial effects can be accounted not only for the monounsaturated nature of its predominant fatty acid (oleic acid), but also for the bioactivity of its minor compounds, which can act on cells though both direct and indirect mechanisms due to their ability to modulate gene expression. Among the minor constituents of virgin olive oil, secoiridoids stand out for their capacity to modulate many pathways that are relevant for the aging process. Attenuation of aging-related alterations by olive oil or its minor compounds has been observed in cellular, animal and human models. How olive oil targets the hallmarks of aging could explain the improvement of health, reduced risk of aging-associated diseases, and increased longevity which have been associated with consumption of a typical Mediterranean diet containing this edible oil as the predominant fat source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández del Río
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Severo Ochoa Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Elena Gutiérrez-Casado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Severo Ochoa Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Severo Ochoa Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
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116
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Basso A, Del Bello G, Piacenza F, Giacconi R, Costarelli L, Malavolta M. Circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity in aging BALB/c mice: early and late life span predictors. Biogerontology 2016; 17:703-14. [PMID: 26820297 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of one or more parameters of circadian rhythms (CR) of body temperature (BT) and locomotor activity (LMA) are considered among the hallmarks of mammalian aging. These alterations are frequently used as markers for imminent death in laboratory mice. However, there are still contradictory data for particular strains and it is also uncertain which changes might predict senescence changes later in life, including the force of mortality. In the present paper we use telemetry to study LMA and CR of BT during aging of BALB/c mice. At our knowledge this is the first time that CR of BT and LMA are investigated in this strain in a range of age covering the whole lifespan, from young adult up to very old age. CR of BT was analyzed with a cosine model using a cross sectional approach and follow-up measurements. The results show that BT, LMA, amplitude, goodness-of-fit (GoF) to circadian cycle of temperature decrease with different shapes during chronological age. Moreover, we found that the % change of amplitude and BT in early life (5-19 months) can predict the remaining lifespan of the mice. Later in life (22-32 months), best predictors are single measurements of LMA and GoF. The results of this study also offer potential measures to rapidly identifying freely unrestrained mice with the worst longitudinal outcome and against which existing or novel biomarkers and treatments may be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Basso
- Nutrition and Aging Centre, Scientific and Technological Pole - INRCA - National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Del Bello
- Nutrition and Aging Centre, Scientific and Technological Pole - INRCA - National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Nutrition and Aging Centre, Scientific and Technological Pole - INRCA - National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Nutrition and Aging Centre, Scientific and Technological Pole - INRCA - National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Nutrition and Aging Centre, Scientific and Technological Pole - INRCA - National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Nutrition and Aging Centre, Scientific and Technological Pole - INRCA - National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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117
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Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, Shiels PG. Nutrients and ageing: what can we learn about ageing interactions from animal biology? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:19-25. [PMID: 26485336 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many prevalent clinical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary, and cardiovascular disease associate with features of premature ageing, such as muscle wasting, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerosis. Studies on various animal models have shown that caloric restriction prolongs lifespan. Studies of animals with unusual long or short life for their body size may also contribute to better understanding of ageing processes. The aim of the present article is to review what we can learn about nutritional modulations and ageing interactions from animal biology. RECENT FINDINGS Caloric restriction is a powerful intervention that increases longevity in animals ranging from short-lived species, such as worms and flies, to primates. As long-term studies on caloric restriction are not feasible to conduct in humans, much interest has focused on the impact of caloric restriction mimetics, such as resveratrol, on ageing processes. Recent data from studies on the long-lived naked mole rat have provided important novel information on metabolic alterations and antioxidative defense mechanisms that characterize longevity. SUMMARY Better understanding of the biology of exceptionally long-lived animals will contribute to better understanding of ageing processes and novel interventions to extend lifespan also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- aDivision of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden bDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, the Netherlands cInstitute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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118
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Hollar D. Epigenetic Significance of Chromatin Organization During Cellular Aging and Organismal Lifespan. EPIGENETICS, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND CHILDREN’S HEALTH ACROSS LIFESPANS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153164 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25325-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hollar
- Pfeiffer University, Morrisville, North Carolina USA
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119
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Yang Y, Jiao J, Gao R, Le R, Kou X, Zhao Y, Wang H, Gao S, Wang Y. Enhanced Rejuvenation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Compared with Directly Converted Neurons from an Aged Mouse. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2767-77. [PMID: 26192905 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Le
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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120
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DNA damage-induced metaphase I arrest is mediated by the spindle assembly checkpoint and maternal age. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8706. [PMID: 26522734 PMCID: PMC4667640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian oocytes DNA damage can cause chromosomal abnormalities that potentially lead to infertility and developmental disorders. However, there is little known about the response of oocytes to DNA damage. Here we find that oocytes with DNA damage arrest at metaphase of the first meiosis (MI). The MI arrest is induced by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) because inhibiting the SAC overrides the DNA damage-induced MI arrest. Furthermore, this MI checkpoint is compromised in oocytes from aged mice. These data lead us to propose that the SAC is a major gatekeeper preventing the progression of oocytes harbouring DNA damage. The SAC therefore acts to integrate protection against both aneuploidy and DNA damage by preventing production of abnormal mature oocytes and subsequent embryos. Finally, we suggest escaping this DNA damage checkpoint in maternal ageing may be one of the causes of increased chromosome anomalies in oocytes and embryos from older mothers.
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121
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Lee HY, Jung SE, Oh YN, Choi A, Yang WI, Shin KJ. Epigenetic age signatures in the forensically relevant body fluid of semen: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 19:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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122
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Van houcke J, De Groef L, Dekeyster E, Moons L. The zebrafish as a gerontology model in nervous system aging, disease, and repair. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:358-68. [PMID: 26538520 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing number of elderly in the world's population today, developing effective treatments for age-related pathologies is one of the biggest challenges in modern medical research. Age-related neurodegeneration, in particular, significantly impacts important sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, seriously constraining life quality of many patients. Although our understanding of the causal mechanisms of aging has greatly improved in recent years, animal model systems still have much to tell us about this complex process. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have gained enormous popularity for this research topic over the past decade, since their life span is relatively short but, like humans, they are still subject to gradual aging. In addition, the extensive characterization of its well-conserved molecular and cellular physiology makes the zebrafish an excellent model to unravel the underlying mechanisms of aging, disease, and repair. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in zebrafish gerontology, with special emphasis on nervous system aging. We review the evidence that classic hallmarks of aging can also be recognized within this small vertebrate, both at the molecular and cellular level. Moreover, we illustrate the high level of similarity with age-associated human pathologies through a survey of the functional deficits that arise as zebrafish age.
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123
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Yang J, Huang T, Petralia F, Long Q, Zhang B, Argmann C, Zhao Y, Mobbs CV, Schadt EE, Zhu J, Tu Z. Synchronized age-related gene expression changes across multiple tissues in human and the link to complex diseases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15145. [PMID: 26477495 PMCID: PMC4609956 DOI: 10.1038/srep15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most important biological processes and is a known risk factor for many age-related diseases in human. Studying age-related transcriptomic changes in tissues across the whole body can provide valuable information for a holistic understanding of this fundamental process. In this work, we catalogue age-related gene expression changes in nine tissues from nearly two hundred individuals collected by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. In general, we find the aging gene expression signatures are very tissue specific. However, enrichment for some well-known aging components such as mitochondria biology is observed in many tissues. Different levels of cross-tissue synchronization of age-related gene expression changes are observed, and some essential tissues (e.g., heart and lung) show much stronger "co-aging" than other tissues based on a principal component analysis. The aging gene signatures and complex disease genes show a complex overlapping pattern and only in some cases, we see that they are significantly overlapped in the tissues affected by the corresponding diseases. In summary, our analyses provide novel insights to the co-regulation of age-related gene expression in multiple tissues; it also presents a tissue-specific view of the link between aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Yang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Quan Long
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Charles V. Mobbs
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
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Maynard S, Fang EF, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:cshperspect.a025130. [PMID: 26385091 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging in mammals is accompanied by a progressive atrophy of tissues and organs, and stochastic damage accumulation to the macromolecules DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. The sequence of the human genome represents our genetic blueprint, and accumulating evidence suggests that loss of genomic maintenance may causally contribute to aging. Distinct evidence for a role of imperfect DNA repair in aging is that several premature aging syndromes have underlying genetic DNA repair defects. Accumulation of DNA damage may be particularly prevalent in the central nervous system owing to the low DNA repair capacity in postmitotic brain tissue. It is generally believed that the cumulative effects of the deleterious changes that occur in aging, mostly after the reproductive phase, contribute to species-specific rates of aging. In addition to nuclear DNA damage contributions to aging, there is also abundant evidence for a causative link between mitochondrial DNA damage and the major phenotypes associated with aging. Understanding the mechanistic basis for the association of DNA damage and DNA repair with aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegeneration, would give insight into contravening age-related diseases and promoting a healthy life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maynard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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125
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hPso4/hPrp19: a critical component of DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint complexes. Oncogene 2015; 35:2279-86. [PMID: 26364595 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity is vital to cellular homeostasis and its forfeiture is linked to deleterious consequences-cancer, immunodeficiency, genetic disorders and premature aging. The human ubiquitin ligase Pso4/Prp19 has emerged as a critical component of multiple DNA damage response (DDR) signaling networks. It not only senses DNA damage, binds double-stranded DNA in a sequence-independent manner, facilitates processing of damaged DNA, promotes DNA end joining, regulates replication protein A (RPA2) phosphorylation and ubiquitination at damaged DNA, but also regulates RNA splicing and mitotic spindle formation in its integral capacity as a scaffold for a multimeric core complex. Accordingly, by virtue of its regulatory and structural interactions with key proteins critical for genome integrity-DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA interstrand crosslink repair, repair of stalled replication forks and DNA end joining-it fills a unique niche in restoring genomic integrity after multiple types of DNA damage and thus has a vital role in maintaining chromatin integrity and cellular functions. These properties may underlie its ability to thwart replicative senescence and, not surprisingly, have been linked to the self-renewal and colony-forming ability of murine hematopoietic stem cells. This review highlights recent advances in hPso4 research that provides a fascinating glimpse into the pleiotropic activities of a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase.
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Abstract
XPC has long been considered instrumental in DNA damage recognition during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). While this recognition is crucial for organismal health and survival, as XPC's recognition of lesions stimulates global genomic repair, more recent lines of research have uncovered many new non-canonical pathways in which XPC plays a role, such as base excision repair (BER), chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, proteolytic degradation, and cellular viability. Since the first discovery of its yeast homolog, Rad4, the involvement of XPC in cellular regulation has expanded considerably. Indeed, our understanding appears to barely scratch the surface of the incredible potential influence of XPC on maintaining proper cellular function. Here, we first review the canonical role of XPC in lesion recognition and then explore the new world of XPC function.
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127
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Wang X, Chang Q, Wang Y, Su F, Zhang S. Late-onset temperature reduction can retard the aging process in aged fish via a combined action of an anti-oxidant system and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathway. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 17:507-17. [PMID: 25298234 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different mechanisms are considered to be related to aging. Cumulative molecular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the by-products of oxidative phosphorylation, is one of these mechanisms (ROS concept). Deregulated nutrient sensing by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway is the second mechanism (IIS concept). Temperature reduction (TR) is known to modulate aging and prolong life span in a variety of organisms, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we first demonstrate that late-onset TR from 26 °C to 22 °C extends mean life span and maximum life span by approximately 5.2 and 3 weeks, respectively, in the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri. We then show that TR is able to decrease the accumulation of the histological aging markers senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in the epithelium and lipofuscin (LF) in the liver and to reduce protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels in the muscle. We also show that TR can enhance the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and stimulate the synthesis of SirT1 and FOXO3A/FOXO1A, both of which are the downstream regulators of the IIS pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that late-onset TR, a simple non-intrusion intervention, can retard the aging process in aged fish, resulting in their life span extension, via a synergistic action of an anti-oxidant system and the IIS pathway. This also suggests that combined assessment of the ROS and IIS concepts will contribute to providing a more comprehensive view of the anti-aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- 1 Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China , Qingdao, China
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128
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Effect of Low Doses (5-40 cGy) of Gamma-irradiation on Lifespan and Stress-related Genes Expression Profile in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133840. [PMID: 26248317 PMCID: PMC4527671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying of the effects of low doses of γ-irradiation is a crucial issue in different areas of interest, from environmental safety and industrial monitoring to aerospace and medicine. The goal of this work is to identify changes of lifespan and expression stress-sensitive genes in Drosophila melanogaster, exposed to low doses of γ-irradiation (5 – 40 cGy) on the imaginal stage of development. Although some changes in life extensity in males were identified (the effect of hormesis after the exposure to 5, 10 and 40 cGy) as well as in females (the effect of hormesis after the exposure to 5 and 40 cGy), they were not caused by the organism “physiological” changes. This means that the observed changes in life expectancy are not related to the changes of organism physiological functions after the exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. The identified changes in gene expression are not dose-dependent, there is not any proportionality between dose and its impact on expression. These results reflect nonlinear effects of low dose radiation and sex-specific radio-resistance of the postmitotic cell state of Drosophila melanogaster imago.
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129
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Yang Z, Price NE, Johnson KM, Gates KS. Characterization of Interstrand DNA-DNA Cross-Links Derived from Abasic Sites Using Bacteriophage ϕ29 DNA Polymerase. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4259-66. [PMID: 26103998 PMCID: PMC4826736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interstrand cross-links in cellular DNA are highly deleterious lesions that block transcription and replication. We recently characterized two new structural types of interstrand cross-links derived from the reaction of abasic (Ap) sites with either guanine or adenine residues in duplex DNA. Interestingly, these Ap-derived cross-links are forged by chemically reversible processes, in which the two strands of the duplex are joined by hemiaminal, imine, or aminoglycoside linkages. Therefore, understanding the stability of Ap-derived cross-links may be critical in defining the potential biological consequences of these lesions. Here we employed bacteriophage φ29 DNA polymerase, which can couple DNA synthesis and strand displacement, as a model system to examine whether dA-Ap cross-links can withstand DNA-processing enzymes. We first demonstrated that a chemically stable interstrand cross-link generated by hydride reduction of the dG-Ap cross-link completely blocked primer extension by φ29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified nucleobase preceding cross-link. We then showed that the nominally reversible dA-Ap cross-link behaved, for all practical purposes, like an irreversible, covalent DNA-DNA cross-link. The dA-Ap cross-link completely blocked progress of the φ29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified base before the cross-link. This suggests that Ap-derived cross-links have the power to block various DNA-processing enzymes in the cell. In addition, our results reveal φ29 DNA polymerase as a tool for detecting the presence and mapping the location of interstrand cross-links (and possibly other lesions) embedded within regions of duplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Nathan E. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211
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130
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Gamboa Varela J, Gates KS. A simple, high-yield synthesis of DNA duplexes containing a covalent, thermally cleavable interstrand cross-link at a defined location. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7666-9. [PMID: 25967397 PMCID: PMC4532324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interstrand DNA-DNA cross-links are highly toxic to cells because these lesions block the extraction of information from the genetic material. The pathways by which cells repair cross-links are important, but not well understood. The preparation of chemically well-defined cross-linked DNA substrates represents a significant challenge in the study of cross-link repair. Here a simple method is reported that employs "post-synthetic" modifications of commercially available 2'-deoxyoligonucleotides to install a single cross-link in high yield at a specified location within a DNA duplex. The cross-linking process exploits the formation of a hydrazone between a non-natural N(4) -amino-2'-deoxycytidine nucleobase and the aldehyde residue of an abasic site in duplex DNA. The resulting cross-link is stable under physiological conditions, but can be readily dissociated and re-formed through heating-cooling cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent S Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (USA).
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (USA).
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131
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Gamboa Varela J, Gates KS. A Simple, High-Yield Synthesis of DNA Duplexes Containing a Covalent, Thermally Cleavable Interstrand Cross-Link at a Defined Location. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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132
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Abstract
The various symptoms associated with hereditary defects in the DNA damage response (DDR), which range from developmental and neurological abnormalities and immunodeficiency to tissue-specific cancers and accelerated aging, suggest that DNA damage affects tissues differently. Mechanistic DDR studies are, however, mostly performed in vitro, in unicellular model systems or cultured cells, precluding a clear and comprehensive view of the DNA damage response of multicellular organisms. Studies performed in intact, multicellular animals models suggest that DDR can vary according to the type, proliferation and differentiation status of a cell. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become an important DDR model and appears to be especially well suited to understand in vivo tissue-specific responses to DNA damage as well as the impact of DNA damage on development, reproduction and health of an entire multicellular organism. C. elegans germ cells are highly sensitive to DNA damage induction and respond via classical, evolutionary conserved DDR pathways aimed at efficient and error-free maintenance of the entire genome. Somatic tissues, however, respond differently to DNA damage and prioritize DDR mechanisms that promote growth and function. In this mini-review, we describe tissue-specific differences in DDR mechanisms that have been uncovered utilizing C. elegans as role model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lans
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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133
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Yu Q, Katlinskaya YV, Carbone CJ, Zhao B, Katlinski KV, Zheng H, Guha M, Li N, Chen Q, Yang T, Lengner CJ, Greenberg RA, Johnson FB, Fuchs SY. DNA-damage-induced type I interferon promotes senescence and inhibits stem cell function. Cell Rep 2015; 11:785-797. [PMID: 25921537 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of type I interferons (IFNs) can be induced by DNA-damaging agents, but the mechanisms and significance of this regulation are not completely understood. We found that the transcription factor IRF3, activated in an ATM-IKKα/β-dependent manner, stimulates cell-autonomous IFN-β expression in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Cells and tissues with accumulating DNA damage produce endogenous IFN-β and stimulate IFN signaling in vitro and in vivo. In turn, IFN acts to amplify DNA-damage responses, activate the p53 pathway, promote senescence, and inhibit stem cell function in response to telomere shortening. Inactivation of the IFN pathway abrogates the development of diverse progeric phenotypes and extends the lifespan of Terc knockout mice. These data identify DNA-damage-response-induced IFN signaling as a critical mechanism that links accumulating DNA damage with senescence and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Yu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuliya V Katlinskaya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Carbone
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kanstantsin V Katlinski
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manti Guha
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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134
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Exit from dormancy provokes DNA-damage-induced attrition in haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2015; 520:549-52. [PMID: 25707806 DOI: 10.1038/nature14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the lifelong production of blood cells. The accumulation of DNA damage in HSCs is a hallmark of ageing and is probably a major contributing factor in age-related tissue degeneration and malignant transformation. A number of accelerated ageing syndromes are associated with defective DNA repair and genomic instability, including the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, Fanconi anaemia. However, the physiological source of DNA damage in HSCs from both normal and diseased individuals remains unclear. Here we show in mice that DNA damage is a direct consequence of inducing HSCs to exit their homeostatic quiescent state in response to conditions that model physiological stress, such as infection or chronic blood loss. Repeated activation of HSCs out of their dormant state provoked the attrition of normal HSCs and, in the case of mice with a non-functional Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway, led to a complete collapse of the haematopoietic system, which phenocopied the highly penetrant bone marrow failure seen in Fanconi anaemia patients. Our findings establish a novel link between physiological stress and DNA damage in normal HSCs and provide a mechanistic explanation for the universal accumulation of DNA damage in HSCs during ageing and the accelerated failure of the haematopoietic system in Fanconi anaemia patients.
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135
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Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for major non-communicable chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, most forms of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the prevalence of these diseases continually increases with age, their respective incidence peaks at different times during the lifespan, suggesting specific effects of ageing on the onset and/or pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing. Here, we review the available evidence for the involvement of each of these hallmarks in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, we propose an additional hallmark, “dysregulation of the extracellular matrix”, which we argue acts as a crucial modifier of cell-autonomous changes and functions, and as a key feature of the above-mentioned lung diseases.
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136
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Abstract
Stem cells persist in replenishing functional mature cells throughout life by self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are among the best-characterized and understood stem cells, and they are responsible for the life-long production of all lineages of blood cells. HSCs are a heterogeneous population containing lymphoid-biased, myeloid-biased, and balanced subsets. HSCs undergo age-associated phenotypic and functional changes, and the composition of the HSC pool alters with aging. HSCs and their lineage-biased subfractions can be identified and analyzed by flow cytometry based on cell surface makers. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enables the isolation and purification of HSCs that greatly facilitates the mechanistic study of HSCs and their aging process at both cellular and molecular levels. The mouse model has been extensively used in HSC aging study. Bone marrow cells are isolated from young and old mice and stained with fluorescence-conjugated antibodies specific for differentiated and stem cells. HSCs are selected based on the negative expression of lineage markers and positive selection for several sets of stem cell markers. Lineage-biased HSCs can be further distinguished by the level of SLAM/CD150 expression and the extent of Hoechst efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Division of Hematology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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137
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Maskey RS, Kim MS, Baker DJ, Childs B, Malureanu LA, Jeganathan KB, Machida Y, van Deursen JM, Machida YJ. Spartan deficiency causes genomic instability and progeroid phenotypes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5744. [PMID: 25501849 PMCID: PMC4269170 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spartan (also known as DVC1 and C1orf124) is a PCNA-interacting protein implicated in translesion synthesis, a DNA damage tolerance process that allows the DNA replication machinery to replicate past nucleotide lesions. However, the physiological relevance of Spartan has not been established. Here we report that Spartan insufficiency in mice causes chromosomal instability, cellular senescence and early onset of age-related phenotypes. Whereas complete loss of Spartan causes early embryonic lethality, hypomorphic mice with low amounts of Spartan are viable. These mice are growth retarded and develop cataracts, lordokyphosis and cachexia at a young age. Cre-mediated depletion of Spartan from conditional knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in impaired lesion bypass, incomplete DNA replication, formation of micronuclei and chromatin bridges and eventually cell death. These data demonstrate that Spartan plays a key role in maintaining structural and numerical chromosome integrity and suggest a link between Spartan insufficiency and progeria. Spartan/DVC1 is a translesion synthesis regulator with important roles in cellular DNA damage tolerance. Here, the authors report that Spartan is essential for DNA lesion bypass and that Spartan insufficiency in mice causes chromosomal instability, cellular senescence and early onset of age-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeja S Maskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Myoung Shin Kim
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Bennett Childs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Liviu A Malureanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Yuka Machida
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Yuichi J Machida
- 1] Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA [2] Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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138
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Sampath H. Oxidative DNA damage in disease--insights gained from base excision repair glycosylase-deficient mouse models. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:689-703. [PMID: 25044514 DOI: 10.1002/em.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular components, including nucleic acids, are subject to oxidative damage. If left unrepaired, this damage can lead to multiple adverse cellular outcomes, including increased mutagenesis and cell death. The major pathway for repair of oxidative base lesions is the base excision repair pathway, catalyzed by DNA glycosylases with overlapping but distinct substrate specificities. To understand the role of these glycosylases in the initiation and progression of disease, several transgenic mouse models have been generated to carry a targeted deletion or overexpression of one or more glycosylases. This review summarizes some of the major findings from transgenic animal models of altered DNA glycosylase expression, especially as they relate to pathologies ranging from metabolic disease and cancer to inflammation and neuronal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sampath
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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139
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Vermeij WP, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Pothof J. Aging: not all DNA damage is equal. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 26:124-30. [PMID: 25222498 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have identified accumulation of DNA damage as a major driver of aging. However, there are numerous kinds of DNA lesions each with their own characteristics and cellular outcome, which highly depends on cellular context: proliferation (cell cycle), differentiation, propensity for survival/death, cell condition and systemic hormonal and immunological parameters. In addition, DNA damage is strongly influenced by cellular metabolism, anti-oxidant status and exogenous factors, consistent with the multi-factorial nature of aging. Notably, DNA lesions interfering with replication have very different outcomes compared to transcription. These considerations provide a conceptual framework in which different types of DNA damage and their setting contribute to the aging process in differential manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert P Vermeij
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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140
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Chatzinikolaou G, Karakasilioti I, Garinis GA. DNA damage and innate immunity: links and trade-offs. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:429-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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141
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Wang L, Karpac J, Jasper H. Promoting longevity by maintaining metabolic and proliferative homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:109-18. [PMID: 24353210 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.089920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a widespread loss of homeostasis in biological systems. An important part of this decline is caused by age-related deregulation of regulatory processes that coordinate cellular responses to changing environmental conditions, maintaining cell and tissue function. Studies in genetically accessible model organisms have made significant progress in elucidating the function of such regulatory processes and the consequences of their deregulation for tissue function and longevity. Here, we review such studies, focusing on the characterization of processes that maintain metabolic and proliferative homeostasis in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. The primary regulatory axis addressed in these studies is the interaction between signaling pathways that govern the response to oxidative stress, and signaling pathways that regulate cellular metabolism and growth. The interaction between these pathways has important consequences for animal physiology, and its deregulation in the aging organism is a major cause for increased mortality. Importantly, protocols to tune such interactions genetically to improve homeostasis and extend lifespan have been established by work in flies. This includes modulation of signaling pathway activity in specific tissues, including adipose tissue and insulin-producing tissues, as well as in specific cell types, such as stem cells of the fly intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
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142
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Understanding nucleotide excision repair and its roles in cancer and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:465-81. [PMID: 24954209 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) eliminates various structurally unrelated DNA lesions by a multiwise 'cut and patch'-type reaction. The global genome NER (GG-NER) subpathway prevents mutagenesis by probing the genome for helix-distorting lesions, whereas transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER) removes transcription-blocking lesions to permit unperturbed gene expression, thereby preventing cell death. Consequently, defects in GG-NER result in cancer predisposition, whereas defects in TC-NER cause a variety of diseases ranging from ultraviolet radiation-sensitive syndrome to severe premature ageing conditions such as Cockayne syndrome. Recent studies have uncovered new aspects of DNA-damage detection by NER, how NER is regulated by extensive post-translational modifications, and the dynamic chromatin interactions that control its efficiency. Based on these findings, a mechanistic model is proposed that explains the complex genotype-phenotype correlations of transcription-coupled repair disorders.
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143
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Armstrong L, Al-Aama J, Stojkovic M, Lako M. Concise Review: The Epigenetic Contribution to Stem Cell Ageing: Can We Rejuvenate Our Older Cells? Stem Cells 2014; 32:2291-8. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life; Central Parkway Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life; Central Parkway Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
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144
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Sox4 links tumor suppression to accelerated aging in mice by modulating stem cell activation. Cell Rep 2014; 8:487-500. [PMID: 25043184 PMCID: PMC4905521 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox4 expression is restricted in mammals to embryonic structures and some adult tissues, such as lymphoid organs, pancreas, intestine, and skin. During embryogenesis, Sox4 regulates mesenchymal and neural progenitor survival, as well as lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation, and contributes to pancreas, bone, and heart development. Aberrant Sox4 expression is linked to malignant transformation and metastasis in several types of cancer. To understand the role of Sox4 in the adult organism, we first generated mice with reduced whole-body Sox4 expression. These mice display accelerated aging and reduced cancer incidence. To specifically address a role for Sox4 in adult stem cells, we conditionally deleted Sox4 (Sox4cKO) in stratified epithelia. Sox4cKO mice show increased skin stem cell quiescence and resistance to chemical carcinogenesis concomitantly with downregulation of cell cycle, DNA repair, and activated hair follicle stem cell pathways. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of Sox4 in regulating adult tissue homeostasis and cancer.
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145
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Knock-in reporter mice demonstrate that DNA repair by non-homologous end joining declines with age. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004511. [PMID: 25033455 PMCID: PMC4102425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of genome rearrangements is a characteristic of aged tissues. Since genome rearrangements result from faulty repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), we hypothesized that DNA DSB repair becomes less efficient with age. The Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway repairs a majority of DSBs in vertebrates. To examine age-associated changes in NHEJ, we have generated an R26NHEJ mouse model in which a GFP-based NHEJ reporter cassette is knocked-in to the ROSA26 locus. In this model, NHEJ repair of DSBs generated by the site-specific endonuclease, I-SceI, reconstitutes a functional GFP gene. In this system NHEJ efficiency can be compared across tissues of the same mouse and in mice of different age. Using R26NHEJ mice, we found that NHEJ efficiency was higher in the skin, lung, and kidney fibroblasts, and lower in the heart fibroblasts and brain astrocytes. Furthermore, we observed that NHEJ efficiency declined with age. In the 24-month old animals compared to the 5-month old animals, NHEJ efficiency declined 1.8 to 3.8-fold, depending on the tissue, with the strongest decline observed in the skin fibroblasts. The sequence analysis of 300 independent NHEJ repair events showed that, regardless of age, mice utilize microhomology sequences at a significantly higher frequency than expected by chance. Furthermore, the frequency of microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) events increased in the heart and lung fibroblasts of old mice, suggesting that NHEJ becomes more mutagenic with age. In summary, our study provides a versatile mouse model for the analysis of NHEJ in a wide range of tissues and demonstrates that DNA repair by NHEJ declines with age in mice, which could provide a mechanism for age-related genomic instability and increased cancer incidence with age. DNA damage disrupting both DNA strands, termed double strand breaks (DSBs), poses a threat to cell survival. If repaired inappropriately, such DNA breaks lead to genomic rearrangements, mutations, and ultimately cancer. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the major pathway for repairing double-stranded breaks in mammals. Errors associated with NHEJ have been implicated in the aging process because mice with mutations in NHEJ genes exhibit premature aging. It remains unknown, however, whether NHEJ becomes impaired during normal aging. Studies of age-related changes in NHEJ have been hampered by the lack of a mouse model that would allow detection and quantification of NHEJ events. Here we report generation of NHEJ reporter mice containing a GFP-based NHEJ cassette knocked-into the ROSA26 locus. Using this mouse model, we were able to compare NHEJ across different tissues and demonstrate that NHEJ becomes less efficient and more error-prone with age. Our results provide a mechanism for age-related genomic instability and increased cancer incidence with age. The NHEJ reporter mice will be useful for a broad range of studies in the fields of aging and DNA repair.
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146
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Abstract
Cellular senescence has historically been viewed as an irreversible cell-cycle arrest mechanism that acts to protect against cancer, but recent discoveries have extended its known role to complex biological processes such as development, tissue repair, ageing and age-related disorders. New insights indicate that, unlike a static endpoint, senescence represents a series of progressive and phenotypically diverse cellular states acquired after the initial growth arrest. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the multi-step progression of senescence and the development and function of acute versus chronic senescent cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies and extend healthy lifespan.
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147
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Increased macromolecular damage due to oxidative stress in the neocortex and hippocampus of WNIN/Ob, a novel rat model of premature aging. Neuroscience 2014; 269:256-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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148
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Abstract
Mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene, which encodes a kinase critical for the normal DNA damage response, cause the neurodegenerative disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (AT). The substrates of ATM in the brain are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that ATM phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), which plays a critical role in promoting survival of cerebellar granule cells. ATM associates with MEF2D after DNA damage and phosphorylates the transcription factor at four ATM consensus sites. Knockdown of endogenous MEF2D with a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) increases sensitivity to etoposide-induced DNA damage and neuronal cell death. Interestingly, substitution of endogenous MEF2D with an shRNA-resistant phosphomimetic MEF2D mutant protects cerebellar granule cells from cell death after DNA damage, whereas an shRNA-resistant nonphosphorylatable MEF2D mutant does not. In vivo, cerebella in Mef2d knock-out mice manifest increased susceptibility to DNA damage. Together, our results show that MEF2D is a substrate for phosphorylation by ATM, thus promoting survival in response to DNA damage. Moreover, dysregulation of the ATM-MEF2D pathway may contribute to neurodegeneration in AT.
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149
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Richardson AG, Schadt EE. The Role of Macromolecular Damage in Aging and Age-related Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69 Suppl 1:S28-32. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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150
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Price N, Johnson KM, Wang J, Fekry MI, Wang Y, Gates KS. Interstrand DNA-DNA cross-link formation between adenine residues and abasic sites in duplex DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3483-90. [PMID: 24506784 PMCID: PMC3954461 DOI: 10.1021/ja410969x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The loss of a coding nucleobase from the structure of DNA is a common event that generates an abasic (Ap) site (1). Ap sites exist as an equilibrating mixture of a cyclic hemiacetal and a ring-opened aldehyde. Aldehydes are electrophilic functional groups that can form covalent adducts with nucleophilic sites in DNA. Thus, Ap sites present a potentially reactive aldehyde as part of the internal structure of DNA. Here we report evidence that the aldehyde group of Ap sites in duplex DNA can form a covalent adduct with the N(6)-amino group of adenine residues on the opposing strand. The resulting interstrand DNA-DNA cross-link occurs at 5'-ApT/5'-AA sequences in remarkably high yields (15-70%) under physiologically relevant conditions. This naturally occurring DNA-templated reaction has the potential to generate cross-links in the genetic material of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
E. Price
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Mostafa I. Fekry
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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