101
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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102
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He X, Jiang Z, Akakuru OU, Li J, Wu A. Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks: from controlled synthesis to cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12417-12435. [PMID: 34734601 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a new type of crystalline porous materials, mainly consist of light-weight elements (H, B, C, N and O) linked by dynamic covalent bonds to form periodical structures of two or three dimensions. As an attribute of their low density, large surface area, and excellent adjustable pore size, COFs show great potential in many fields including energy storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine. However, compared with metal organic frameworks (MOFs), the relatively large size and irregular morphology of COFs affect their biocompatibility and bioavailability in vivo, thus impeding their further biomedical applications. This Review focuses on the controlled design strategies of nanoscale COFs (NCOFs), unique properties of NCOFs for biomedical applications, and recent progress in NCOFs for cancer therapy. In addition, current challenges for the biomedical use of NCOFs and perspectives for further improvements are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu He
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
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103
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Zhu J, Wu S, Hou X, Wu J. 1,6‐Anthrazoline‐Linked π‐Conjugated Macrocycles and Two‐Dimensional Polymer via Friedländer Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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104
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Zhu J, Wu S, Hou X, Wu J. 1,6-Anthrazoline-Linked π-Conjugated Macrocycles and Two-Dimensional Polymer via Friedländer Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25323-25327. [PMID: 34562050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of π-conjugated crystalline two-dimensional (2D) polymers remains largely unexplored due to limited synthetic methodology. Herein, we report the preparation of a 1,6-anthrazoline (AZ)-linked crystalline 2D polymer AZP via acid mediated Friedländer synthesis. The feasibility was examined first by two model reactions, followed by synthesis of three AZ-based macrocycles MCn (n=5-7), in which hexagonal MC6 was isolated as the major product. The favorable macrocycle formation could be largely attributed to the dynamic feature of Friedländer synthesis, which involves both imine condensation and aldol condensation. The structure and crystallinity of AZP were confirmed by experiments and simulation. The skeletons of the macrocycles and polymer consist of all-sp2 hybridized C/N atoms and are thus π-conjugated and electro-active. Our studies provide a rational way to access kinetically stable 2D crystalline polymers by combination of different dynamic covalent chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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105
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Kumar S, Kulkarni VV, Jangir R. Covalent‐Organic Framework Composites: A Review Report on Synthesis Methods. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath Surat 395 007 Gujarat INDIA
| | - Vihangraj V. Kulkarni
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 Assam INDIA
| | - Ritambhara Jangir
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath Surat 395 007 Gujarat, INDIA
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106
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma-Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90-Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113657. [PMID: 34748268 PMCID: PMC9300145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional fused aromatic networks (2D FANs) have emerged as a highly versatile alternative to holey graphene. The synthesis of 2D FANs with increasingly larger lattice dimensions will enable new application perspectives. However, the synthesis of larger analogues is mostly limited by lack of appropriate monomers and methods. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of an expanded 2D FAN with 90-ring hexagons, which exceed the largest 2D FAN lattices reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Craig T Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Belén Lerma-Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Carlos Martí-Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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107
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State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage technologies. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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108
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Li C, Yu G. Controllable Synthesis and Performance Modulation of 2D Covalent-Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100918. [PMID: 34288393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are especially interesting and unique as their highly ordered topological structures entirely built from plentiful π-conjugated units through covalent bonds. Arranging tailorable organic building blocks into periodically reticular skeleton bestows predictable lattices and various properties upon COFs in respect of topology diagrams, pore size, properties of channel wall interfaces, etc. Indeed, these peculiar features in terms of crystallinity, conjugation degree, and topology diagrams fundamentally decide the applications of COFs including heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, proton conduction, light emission, and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, this research field has attracted widespread attention and is of importance with a major breakthrough in recent year. However, this research field is running with the lack of summaries about tailorable construction of 2D COFs for targeted functionalities. This review first covers some crucial polymeric strategies of preparing COFs, containing boron ester condensation, amine-aldehyde condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, trimerization reaction, Suzuki CC coupling reaction, and hybrid polycondensation. Subsequently, a summary is made of some representative building blocks, and then underlines how the electronic and molecular structures of building blocks can strongly influence the functional performance of COFs. Finally, conclusion and perspectives on 2D COFs for further study are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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109
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Yuan D, Dou Y, Wu Z, Tian Y, Ye KH, Lin Z, Dou SX, Zhang S. Atomically Thin Materials for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2021; 122:957-999. [PMID: 34709781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atomically thin materials (ATMs) with thicknesses in the atomic scale (typically <5 nm) offer inherent advantages of large specific surface areas, proper crystal lattice distortion, abundant surface dangling bonds, and strong in-plane chemical bonds, making them ideal 2D platforms to construct high-performance electrode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries, metal-sulfur batteries, and metal-air batteries. This work reviews the synthesis and electronic property tuning of state-of-the-art ATMs, including graphene and graphene derivatives (GE/GO/rGO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), phosphorene, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes), transition metal oxides (TMOs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for constructing next-generation high-energy-density and high-power-density rechargeable batteries to meet the needs of the rapid developments in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart electricity grids. We also present our viewpoints on future challenges and opportunities of constructing efficient ATMs for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yuan
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Yuhai Dou
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.,Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Yuhui Tian
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Kai-Hang Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
| | - Shanqing Zhang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
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110
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Bai Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Wang X, Shang S, Gao W, Du C, Qiao Y, Chen J, Dong J, Liu Y. Near-Equilibrium Growth of Chemically Stable Covalent Organic Framework/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Materials for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113067. [PMID: 34699115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Facile synthesis and post-processing of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) under mild synthetic conditions are highly sought after and important for widespread utilizations in catalysis and energy storage. Here we report the synthesis of the chemically stable aza-fused COFs BPT-COF and PT-COF by a liquid-phase method. The process involves the spontaneous polycondensation of vicinal diamines and vicinal diketones, and is driven by the near-equilibrium growth of COF domains at a very low monomer concentration. The method permits in situ assembly of COFs and COF-GO hybrid materials and leads to the formation of a uniform conducting film on arbitrary substrates on vacuum filtration. When used as electrocatalysts, the as-prepared membranes show a fast hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a low overpotential (45 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ) and a small Tafel slope (53 mV dec-1 ), which are the best among metal-free catalysts. Our results may open a new route towards the preparation of highly π-conjugated COFs for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Youxing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengcong Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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111
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Burmeister D, Trunk MG, Bojdys MJ. Development of metal-free layered semiconductors for 2D organic field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11559-11576. [PMID: 34661213 PMCID: PMC8521667 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To this day, the active components of integrated circuits consist mostly of (semi-)metals. Concerns for raw material supply and pricing aside, the overreliance on (semi-)metals in electronics limits our abilities (i) to tune the properties and composition of the active components, (ii) to freely process their physical dimensions, and (iii) to expand their deployment to applications that require optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and permeability. 2D organic semiconductors match these criteria more closely. In this review, we discuss a number of 2D organic materials that can facilitate charge transport across and in-between their π-conjugated layers as well as the challenges that arise from modulation and processing of organic polymer semiconductors in electronic devices such as organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burmeister
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias G Trunk
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House Guy's Campus, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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112
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Seki T, Yu X, Zhang P, Yu CC, Liu K, Gunkel L, Dong R, Nagata Y, Feng X, Bonn M. Real-time study of on-water chemistry: Surfactant monolayer-assisted growth of a crystalline quasi-2D polymer. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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113
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Zhang Q, Sun Y, Li H, Tang K, Zhong YW, Wang D, Guo Y, Liu Y. Synthesis of Two-Dimensional C-C Bonded Truxene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks by Irreversible Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Cyclotrimerization. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9790705. [PMID: 34549185 PMCID: PMC8435030 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9790705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new C-C bonded two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is highly desirable. Here, a simple but effective synthetic strategy has been developed using an irreversible Brønsted acid-catalyzed aldol cyclotrimerization reaction by virtue of truxene as a linkage. Nonolefin C-C bonded 2D truxene-based covalent organic frameworks (Tru-COFs) were constructed by polymerization of 1,3,5-triindanonebenzene (TDB). The structure formation was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR. The results showed that the Tru-COFs were porous (645 m2/g) and chemically stable. Benzyl methylene in conjugated Tru-COFs more effectively produced photoinduced radicals than the model truxene compound. Due to the radical photoresponsiveness, Tru-COFs were efficient catalysts for photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides. We expect that this will provide a new synthetic methodology to obtain C-C bonded functional 2D COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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114
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115
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Valenzuela C, Chen C, Sun M, Ye Z, Zhang J. Strategies and applications of covalent organic frameworks as promising nanoplatforms in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3450-3483. [PMID: 33909746 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is the best option to face the limits of conventional chemotherapy and phototherapy methods, and thus the intensive quest for new nanomaterials to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety is still underway. Owing to their low density, well-defined structures, large surface area, finely tunable pore size, and metal ion free features, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been extensively studied in many research fields. The recent great interest in nanoscale COFs to improve the properties of bulk COFs has led to broadening of their applicability in the biomedical field, such as nanocarriers with an outstanding loading capacity and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents, smart theranostic nanoplatforms with excellent stability, high ROS generation, light-to-heat conversion capabilities, and different response and diagnostic characteristics. The COFs and related nanoplatforms with a wide variety of designability and functionalization have opened up a new avenue for exciting opportunities in cancer therapy. Herein we review the state-of-the-art technical and scientific developments in this emerging field, focusing on the overall progress addressed so far in building versatile COF-based nanoplatforms to enhance chemotherapy, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, and combination. Future perspectives for achieving the synergistic effect of cancer elimination and clinical translation are further discussed to motivate future contributions and explore new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Valenzuela
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Mengxiao Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Abstract
The green nanocomposites have elite features of sustainable polymers and eco-friendly nanofillers. The green or eco-friendly nanomaterials are low cost, lightweight, eco-friendly, and highly competent for the range of energy applications. This article initially expresses the notions of eco-polymers, eco-nanofillers, and green nanocomposites. Afterward, the energy-related applications of the green nanocomposites have been specified. The green nanocomposites have been used in various energy devices such as solar cells, batteries, light-emitting diodes, etc. The main focus of this artifact is the energy storage application of green nanocomposites. The capacitors have been recognized as corporate devices for energy storage, particularly electrical energy. In this regard, high-performance supercapacitors have been proposed based on sustainable nanocomposites. Consequently, this article presents various approaches providing key knowledge for the design and development of multi-functional energy storage materials. In addition, the future prospects of the green nanocomposites towards energy storage have been discussed.
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117
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Ahmed I, Jhung SH. Covalent organic framework-based materials: Synthesis, modification, and application in environmental remediation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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118
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Bruno R, Mastropietro TF, De Munno G, Armentano D. A Nanoporous Supramolecular Metal-Organic Framework Based on a Nucleotide: Interplay of the π···π Interactions Directing Assembly and Geometric Matching of Aromatic Tails. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154594. [PMID: 34361760 PMCID: PMC8347718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly is the most powerful force for creating ordered supramolecular architectures from simple components under mild conditions. π···π stacking interactions have been widely explored in modern supramolecular chemistry as an attractive reversible noncovalent tool for the nondestructive fabrication of materials for different applications. Here, we report on the self-assembly of cytidine 5’-monophosphate (CMP) nucleotide and copper metal ions for the preparation of a rare nanoporous supramolecular metal-organic framework in water. π···π stacking interactions involving the aromatic groups of the ancillary 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) ligands drive the self-assemblies of hexameric pseudo-amphiphilic [Cu6(bipy)6(CMP)2(µ-O)Br4]2+ units. Owing to the supramolecular geometric matching between the aromatic tails, a nanoporous crystalline phase with hydrophobic and hydrophilic chiral pores of 1.2 and 0.8 nanometers, respectively, was successfully synthesized. The encoded chiral information, contained on the enantiopure building blocks, is transferred to the final supramolecular structure, assembled in the very unusual topology 8T6. These kinds of materials, owing to chiral channels with chiral active sites from ribose moieties, where the enantioselective recognition can occur, are, in principle, good candidates to carry out efficient separation of enantiomers, better than traditional inorganic and organic porous materials.
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119
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Zhao J, Ren J, Zhang G, Zhao Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Chen L. Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2021; 27:10781-10797. [PMID: 34002911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect has been widely studied in both small molecules and linear polymers. Covalently-bonded donor-acceptor pairs with tunable bandgaps and photoelectric properties endow these materials with potential applications in optoelectronics, fluorescent bioimaging, and sensors, etc. However, owing to the lack of charge transfer pathway or effective separation of charge carriers, unfavorable charge recombination gives rise to inevitable energy loss. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be mediated with various geometry- and property-tailored building blocks, where donor (D) and acceptor (A) segments are connected by covalent bonds and can be finely arranged to form highly ordered networks (namely D-A COFs). The unique structural features of D-A COFs render the formation of segregated D-A stacks, thus provides pathways and channels for effective charge carriers transport. This review highlights the significant progress on D-A COFs over the past decade with emphasis on design principles, growing structural diversities, and promising application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Institute of Molecules Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Wandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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120
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Deng Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Strategies for Improving the Catalytic Performance of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1851-1863. [PMID: 34002483 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been deemed as clean and sustainable strategies to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems. Various catalysts have been developed to promote the process of HER and OER. Among them, two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) have received great attention due to their diverse and designable structure. In this minireview, we mainly summarize the diverse linkages of 2D COFs and strategies for enhancing the catalytic performance of 2D COFs for HER and OER, such as introducing active building blocks, metal ions and tailored linkages. Furthermore, a brief outlook for the development directions of COFs in the field of HER and OER is provided, expecting to stimulate new opportunities in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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121
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Freund R, Canossa S, Cohen SM, Yan W, Deng H, Guillerm V, Eddaoudi M, Madden DG, Fairen‐Jimenez D, Lyu H, Macreadie LK, Ji Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Haase F, Wöll C, Zaremba O, Andreo J, Wuttke S, Diercks CS. 25 Jahre retikuläre Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Freund
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperchemie Universität Augsburg Deutschland
| | | | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego USA
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Vincent Guillerm
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabien
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabien
| | - David G. Madden
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML) Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge Großbritannien
| | - David Fairen‐Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML) Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge Großbritannien
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley USA
| | | | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Bo Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Orysia Zaremba
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley USA
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spanien
| | - Jacopo Andreo
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spanien
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spanien
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spanien
| | - Christian S. Diercks
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California 92037 USA
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122
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Freund R, Canossa S, Cohen SM, Yan W, Deng H, Guillerm V, Eddaoudi M, Madden DG, Fairen‐Jimenez D, Lyu H, Macreadie LK, Ji Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Haase F, Wöll C, Zaremba O, Andreo J, Wuttke S, Diercks CS. 25 Years of Reticular Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23946-23974. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Freund
- Solid State Chemistry University of Augsburg 86159 Augsburg Germany
| | | | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego USA
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Vincent Guillerm
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - David G. Madden
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML) Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge UK
| | - David Fairen‐Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML) Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge UK
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley USA
| | | | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Bo Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Orysia Zaremba
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley USA
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spain
| | - Jacopo Andreo
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spain
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | - Christian S. Diercks
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California 92037 USA
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123
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Cusin L, Peng H, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemical Conversion and Locking of the Imine Linkage: Enhancing the Functionality of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14236-14250. [PMID: 33491860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Imine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a widely studied class of functional, crystalline, and porous nanostructures which combine a relatively facile crystallization with tuneable compositions and porosities. However, the imine linkage constitutes an intrinsic limitation due to its reduced stability in harsh chemical conditions and its unsuitability for in-plane π-conjugation in COFs. Urgent solutions are therefore required in order to exploit the full potential of these materials, thereby enabling their technological application in electronics, sensing, and energy storage devices. In this context, the advent of a new generation of linkages derived from the chemical conversion and locking of the imine bond represents a cornerstone for the synthesis of new COFs. A marked increase in the framework robustness is in fact often combined with the incorporation of novel functionalities including, for some of these reactions, an extension of the in-plane π-conjugation. This Minireview describes the most enlightening examples of one-pot reactions and post-synthetic modifications towards the chemical locking of the imine bond in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cusin
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Haijun Peng
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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124
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Cusin L, Peng H, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemical Conversion and Locking of the Imine Linkage: Enhancing the Functionality of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cusin
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Haijun Peng
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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125
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Li GB, Zhang Z, Liao LS, Pan RK, Liu SG. Anions effect construction of 1D naphthalene diimide supramolecular chains by π interactions and fluorescence detect iodide anion. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119588. [PMID: 33743311 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five diverse 1D supramolecular chains, {[4-pmntd]}n(1), {H2[4-pmntd]•2Br-}n(2), {H2[4-pmntd]•2NO3-}n(3), {H2[4-pmntd]•2ClO4-}n(4), {H2[4-pmntd]•2BF4-}n(5), (where 4-pmntd was N,N'-bis (4-pyridylmethyl)naphthalene diimide) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis, IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses, fluorescence detection. The anions effect construction of their 1D chain structural diversity through different π interactions. Compound 1 through the adjacent pyridine rings parallel π∙∙∙π interactions formed 1D linear chain structure. Compound 2 through Br- anion∙∙∙π interactions and halogenbond interactions formed 1D zigzag chain structure. Compound 3 through lone pair∙∙∙π interactions of naphthalene diimide and the adjacent carboxyl group formed 1D stairway chain structure. Compound 4 through ClO4- anion∙∙∙π interactions formed 1D ribbon chain structure. Compound 5 through parallel π∙∙∙π interactions of the adjacent naphthalene diimide planes and pyridine rings formed 1D ladder chain structure. The five compounds' fluorescence properties and thermal stabilities were investigated. The compound 2 solution could fluorescence detection for iodide anion via fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu-Sheng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong 524001, P. R. China, Hainan Key Laboratory of Natural Rubber Processing, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Kai Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China.
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126
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Li M, Liu J, Zhang T, Song X, Chen W, Chen L. 2D Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks for Supercapacitors: Design, Synthesis, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005073. [PMID: 33460246 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the tunable skeletons, variable pore environments, and predesignable structures, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be served as a versatile platform to tailor redox activities for efficient energy storage. Redox-active COFs with specific functional groups can not only promote high-speed mass transport in the permanently open channels, but also provide dense active sites for reversible redox reactions so as to efficiently adsorb the electrolyte ions, thus becoming emerging and promising electroactive materials. This review summarizes the design principles and synthetic methods of redox-active COFs, with a focus on surveying the representative advances in supercapacitors. The key progress, major challenges, and future directions in this promising field are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingjuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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127
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Bian G, Yin J, Zhu J. Recent Advances on Conductive 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006043. [PMID: 33624949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a burgeoning family of crystalline porous copolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) allow precise atomic insertion of organic components in the topology construction to form periodic networks and ordered nanopores. Their 2D networks bear great similarities to graphene analogs, and therefore are essential additions to the 2D family. Here, the electronic properties of conductive 2D-COFs are reviewed and their bonding strategies and structural characteristics are examined in detail. The controlling approaches toward the morphologies of conductive 2D-COFs are further explored, followed by a discussion of their applications in field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Finally, research challenges and forthcoming developments are projected. The resulting survey reveals that the extended porous 2D organic networks with conductive properties will provide great opportunities and essential innovations in various electronics and energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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128
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Zhang G, Zeng Y, Gordiichuk P, Strano MS. Chemical kinetic mechanisms and scaling of two-dimensional polymers via irreversible solution-phase reactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:194901. [PMID: 34240902 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) polymers are extended networks of multi-functional repeating units that are covalently linked together but confined to a single plane. The past decade has witnessed a surge in interest and effort toward producing and utilizing 2D polymers. However, facile synthesis schemes suitable for mass production are yet to be realized. In addition, unifying theories to describe the 2D polymerization process, such as those for linear polymers, have not yet been established. Herein, we perform a chemical kinetic simulation to study the recent synthesis of 2D polymers in homogeneous solution with irreversible chemistry. We show that reaction sites for polymerization in 2D always scale unfavorably compared to 3D, growing as molecular weight to the 1/2 power vs 2/3 power for 3D. However, certain mechanisms can effectively suppress out-of-plane defect formation and subsequent 3D growth. We consider two such mechanisms, which we call bond-planarity and templated autocatalysis. In the first, although single bonds can easily rotate out-of-plane to render polymerization in 3D, some double-bond linkages prefer a planar configuration. In the second mechanism, stacked 2D plates may act as van der Waals templates for each other to enhance growth, which leads to an autocatalysis. When linkage reactions possess a 1000:1 selectivity (γ) for staying in plane vs rotating, solution-synthesized 2D polymers can have comparable size and yield with those synthesized from confined polymerization on a surface. Autocatalysis could achieve similar effects when self-templating accelerates 2D growth by a factor β of 106. A combined strategy relaxes the requirement of both mechanisms by over one order of magnitude. We map the dependence of molecular weight and yield for the 2D polymer on the reaction parameters, allowing experimental results to be used to estimate β and γ. Our calculations show for the first time from theory the feasibility of producing two-dimensional polymers from irreversible polymerization in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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129
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Guan Y, Fan P, Dong W, Shang D. A covalent triazine-based framework containing hydrogen-bonding for highly drug loading and pH-responsive release. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1922085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Fan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Weibing Dong
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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130
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Yue Y, Cai P, Xu X, Li H, Chen H, Zhou HC, Huang N. Conductive Metallophthalocyanine Framework Films with High Carrier Mobility as Efficient Chemiresistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10806-10813. [PMID: 33635600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The poor electrical conductivity of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline frameworks greatly limits their utilization in optoelectronics and sensor technology. Herein, we describe a conductive metallophthalocyanine-based NiPc-CoTAA framework with cobalt(II) tetraaza[14]annulene linkages. The high conjugation across the whole network combined with densely stacked metallophthalocyanine units endows this material with high electrical conductivity, which can be greatly enhanced by doping with iodine. The NiPc-CoTAA framework was also fabricated as thin films with different thicknesses from 100 to 1000 nm by the steam-assisted conversion method. These films enabled the detection of low-concentration gases and exhibited remarkable sensitivity and stability. This study indicates the enormous potential of metallophthalocyanine-based conductive frameworks in advanced stand-off chemical sensors and provides a general strategy through tailor-make molecular design to develop sensitive and stable chemical sensors for the detection of low-concentration gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peiyu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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131
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Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Molecular Platform for Designer Polymeric Architectures and Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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132
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Weare BL, Lodge RW, Zyk N, Weilhard A, Housley CL, Strutyński K, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A, Khlobystov AN. Imaging and analysis of covalent organic framework crystallites on a carbon surface: a nanocrystalline scaly COF/nanotube hybrid. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6834-6845. [PMID: 33885484 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is well-advanced but understanding their nanoscale structure and interaction with other materials remains a significant challenge. Here, we have developed a methodology for the detailed imaging and analysis of COF crystallites using carbon nanotube substrates for COF characterisation. Detailed investigation using powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with a local probe method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed details of COF growth and nucleation at the nanoscale. A boronate ester COF undergoes preferential growth in the a-b crystallographic plane under solvothermal conditions. Carbon nanotubes were found to not impact the mode of COF growth, but the crystallites on nanotubes were smaller than COF crystallites not on supports. COF crystalline regions with sizes of tens of nanometres exhibited preferred orientation on nanotube surfaces, where the c-axis is oriented between 50 and 90° relative to the carbon surface. The COF/nanotube hybrid structure was found to be more complex than the previously suggested concentric core-shell model and can be better described as a nanocrystalline scaly COF/nanotube hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Weare
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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133
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Conductive Metallophthalocyanine Framework Films with High Carrier Mobility as Efficient Chemiresistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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134
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Liu Y, Wei Y, Liu M, Bai Y, Wang X, Shang S, Du C, Gao W, Chen J, Liu Y. Face-to-Face Growth of Wafer-Scale 2D Semiconducting MOF Films on Dielectric Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007741. [PMID: 33599039 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of large-area 2D conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) films remains highly desirable but challenging. Here, inspired by the capillary phenomenon, a face-to-face confinement growth method to grow conductive 2D Cu2 (TCPP) (TCPP = meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) MOF films on dielectric substrates is developed. Trace amounts of solutions containing low-concentration Cu2+ and TCPP are pumped cyclically into a micropore interface to produce this growth. The crystal structures are confirmed with various characterization techniques, which include high-resolution atomic force microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The Cu2 (TCPP) MOF film exhibit an electrical conductivity of ≈0.007 S cm-1 , which is approximately four orders of magnitude higher than other carboxylic-acid-based MOF materials (10-6 S cm-1 ). Other wafer-scale conductive MOF films such as M3 (HHTP)2 (M = Cu, Co, and Ni; HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylenehexol) can be produced utilizing this strategy and suggests this method has widescale applicability potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengcong Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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135
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Recent progress in conjugated microporous polymers for clean energy: Synthesis, modification, computer simulations, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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136
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Wu J, Liu S, Huang J, Cui Y, Ma P, Wu D, Matyjaszewski K. Fabrication of Advanced Hierarchical Porous Polymer Nanosheets and Their Application in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yin Cui
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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137
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Fritz PW, Coskun A. The Prospect of Dimensionality in Porous Semiconductors. Chemistry 2021; 27:7489-7501. [PMID: 33493354 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of silicon-based semiconductors, a plethora of previously unknown technologies became possible. The development of lightweight low-dimensional organic semiconductors followed soon after. However, the efficient charge/electron transfers enabled by the non-porous 3D structure of silicon is rather challenging to be realized by their (metal-)organic counterparts. Nevertheless, the demand for lighter, more efficient semiconductors is steadily increasing resulting in a growing interest in (metal-)organic semiconductors. These novel materials are faced with a variety of challenges originating from their chemical design, their packing and crystallinity. Although the effect of molecular design is quite well understood, the influence of dimensionality and the associated change in properties (porosity, packing, conjugation) is still an uncharted area in (metal-)organic semiconductors, yet highly important for their practical utilization. In this Minireview, an overview on the design and synthesis of porous semiconductors, with a particular emphasis on organic semiconductors, is presented and the influence of dimensionality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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138
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Mahmood J, Lee EK, Noh HJ, Ahmad I, Seo JM, Im YK, Jeon JP, Kim SJ, Oh JH, Baek JB. Fused Aromatic Network with Exceptionally High Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004707. [PMID: 33470474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies of 2D organic layered materials with unique electronic properties have generated considerable interest in the research community. However, the development of organic materials with functional electrical transport properties is still needed. Here, a 2D fused aromatic network (FAN) structure with a C5 N basal plane stoichiometry is designed and synthesized, and thin films are cast from C5 N solution onto silicon dioxide substrates. Then field-effect transistors are fabricated using C5 N thin flakes as the active layer in a bottom-gate top-contact configuration to characterize their electrical properties. The C5 N thin flakes, isolated by polydimethylsiloxane stamping, exhibit ambipolar charge transport and extraordinarily high electron (996 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and hole (501 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) mobilities, surpassing the performance of most pristine organic materials without doping. These results demonstrate their vast potential for applications in thin-film optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwang Im
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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139
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Kou X, Tong L, Huang S, Chen G, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Recent advances of covalent organic frameworks and their application in sample preparation of biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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140
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Castano I, Evans AM, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP, Gianneschi NC, Dichtel WR. Mapping Grains, Boundaries, and Defects in 2D Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:1341-1352. [PMID: 35296112 PMCID: PMC8922717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To improve their synthesis and ultimately realize the technical promise of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs), it is imperative that a robust understanding of their structure be developed. However, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging of such beam-sensitive materials is an outstanding characterization challenge. Here, we overcome this challenge by leveraging low electron flux imaging conditions and high-speed direct electron counting detectors to acquire high-resolution images of 2D COF films. We developed a Fourier mapping technique to rapidly extract nanoscale structural information from these TEM images. This postprocessing script analyzes the evolution of 2D Fourier transforms across a TEM image, which yields information about polycrystalline domain orientations and enables quantification of average domain sizes. Moreover, this approach provides information about several types of defects present in a film, such as overlapping grains and various types of grain boundaries. We also find that the pre-eminent origin of defects in COF-5 films, a prototypical boronate ester-linked COF, arises as a consequence of broken B-O bonds formed during polymerization. These results suggest that the nanoscale features observed are a direct consequence of chemical phenomena. Taken together, this mapping approach provides information about the fundamental microstructure and crystallographic underpinnings of 2D COF films, which will guide the development of future 2D polymerization strategies and help realize the goal of using 2D COFs in a host of thin-film device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Center, and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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141
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Ueberricke L, Punja Benke B, Kirschbaum T, Hahn S, Rominger F, Bunz UHF, Mastalerz M. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of a Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine (QPP) Extended Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ). Chemistry 2021; 27:2043-2049. [PMID: 32954544 PMCID: PMC7898691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A six‐step synthesis towards a tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) bearing three quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine (QPP) units is presented. The optoelectronic properties are investigated and the effect of the three‐dimensional arrangement of the individual QPP planes is examined using optical spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and quantum‐chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ueberricke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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142
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Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Xie S, He T, Lu Z, Yang H, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:120-242. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating organic units into periodically ordered yet extended 2D and 3D polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices and built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores.
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143
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Wang R, Kong W, Zhou T, Wang C, Guo J. Organobase modulated synthesis of high-quality β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:331-334. [PMID: 33313619 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An organobase assisted approach is adopted to synthesize a series of β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs), exhibiting superior crystallinity and porosity in comparison with those using an acidic catalyst. The quality promotion arises from the organobase-modulated transimination that favors the reaction kinetics for self-improvement of ordered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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144
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Yang L, Peng Y, Luo X, Dan Y, Ye J, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Beyond C 3N 4 π-conjugated metal-free polymeric semiconductors for photocatalytic chemical transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2147-2172. [PMID: 33331365 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis with stable, efficient and inexpensive metal-free catalysts is one of the most promising options for non-polluting energy production. This review article covers the state-of-the-art development of various effective metal-free polymeric photocatalysts with large π-conjugated units for chemical transformations including water splitting, CO2 and N2 reduction, organic synthesis and monomer polymerisation. The article starts with the catalytic mechanisms of metal-free photocatalysts. Then a particular focus is on the rational manipulation of π-conjugation enlargement, charge separation, electronic structures and band structures in the design of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts. Following the design principles, the selection and construction of functional units are discussed, as well as the connecting bonds and dimensions of π-conjugated polymeric photocatalysts. Finally the hot and emerging applications of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts for photocatalytic chemical transformations are summarized. The strategies provide potential avenues to address the challenges of catalyst activity, selectivity and stability in the further development of highly effective metal-free polymeric photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Xuedan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Environmental Remediation Materials Unit National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan and TU-NIMS Joint Reseach Center School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and The School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and The School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
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145
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Chen L, Chen H, Hu S, Li Q, Liu H, Qiao S. Tricycloquinazoline-containing 3D conjugated microporous polymers and 2D covalent quinazoline networks: microstructure and conductivity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isomers of 3D TQ-CMP and 2D TQ-CQN was made toward the applications of gas adsorption and hydrogen evolution reaction, which clarified the interrelation between microstructure and conductivity for structural design and functional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
| | - Yantao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
| | - Lifang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
| | - Shuozhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
| | - Haining Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- China
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146
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Zhao X, Pachfule P, Thomas A. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for electrochemical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6871-6913. [PMID: 33881422 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks are a class of extended crystalline organic materials that possess unique architectures with high surface areas and tuneable pore sizes. Since the first discovery of the topological frameworks in 2005, COFs have been applied as promising materials in diverse areas such as separation and purification, sensing or catalysis. Considering the need for renewable and clean energy production, many research efforts have recently focused on the application of porous materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this respect, considerable efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of COF-based materials for electrochemical applications, including electrodes and membranes for fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries. This review article highlights the design principles and strategies for the synthesis of COFs with a special focus on their potential for electrochemical applications. Recently suggested hybrid COF materials or COFs with hierarchical porosity will be discussed, which can alleviate the most challenging drawback of COFs for these applications. Finally, the major challenges and future trends of COF materials in electrochemical applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, 20 South Second Ring East Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, P. R. China and Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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147
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Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials constructed from molecular building blocks using diverse linkage chemistries. The image illustrates electron transfer in a COF-based donor–acceptor system. Image by Nanosystems Initiative Munich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)
- University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)
- University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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148
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Brophy J, Summerfield K, Yin J, Kephart J, Stecher JT, Adams J, Yanase T, Brant J, Li-Oakey KD, Hoberg JO, Parkinson BA. The Influence of Disorder in the Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of a Modifiable Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010071. [PMID: 33375732 PMCID: PMC7795170 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) have been of increasing interest in the past decade due to their porous structures that ideally can be highly ordered. One of the most common routes to these polymers relies on Schiff-base chemistry, i.e., the condensation reaction between a carbonyl and an amine. In this report, we elaborate on the condensation of 3,6-dibromobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetraamine with hexaketocyclohexane (HKH) and the subsequent carbonylation of the resulting COF, along with the possibility that the condensation reaction on HKH can result in a trans configuration resulting in the formation of a disordered 2D-COF. This strategy enables modification of COFs via bromine substitution reactions to place functional groups within the pores of the materials. Ion-sieving measurements using membranes from this COF, reaction of small molecules with unreacted keto groups along with modeling studies indicate disorder in the COF polymerization process. We also present a Monte Carlo simulation that demonstrates the influence of even small amounts of disorder upon both the 2D and 3D structure of the resulting COF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brophy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.B.); (J.K.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Kyle Summerfield
- School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Jiashi Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.Y.); (K.D.L.-O.)
| | - Jon Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.B.); (J.K.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Joshua T. Stecher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.B.); (J.K.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jeramie Adams
- Western Research Institute, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Takashi Yanase
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan;
| | - Jason Brant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.B.); (J.K.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Katie Dongmei Li-Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.Y.); (K.D.L.-O.)
| | - John O. Hoberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.B.); (J.K.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.H.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Bruce A. Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.B.); (J.K.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.)
- School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.O.H.); (B.A.P.)
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149
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Wang M, Wang M, Lin HH, Ballabio M, Zhong H, Bonn M, Zhou S, Heine T, Cánovas E, Dong R, Feng X. High-Mobility Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with p-Type Doping. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21622-21627. [PMID: 33332109 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c-COFs) are emerging as a unique class of semiconducting 2D conjugated polymers for (opto)electronics and energy storage. Doping is one of the common, reliable strategies to control the charge carrier transport properties, but the precise mechanism underlying COF doping has remained largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate molecular iodine doping of a metal-phthalocyanine-based pyrazine-linked 2D c-COF. The resultant 2D c-COF ZnPc-pz-I2 maintains its structural integrity and displays enhanced conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude, which is the result of elevated carrier concentrations. Remarkably, Hall effect measurements reveal enhanced carrier mobility reaching ∼22 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ZnPc-pz-I2, which represents a record value for 2D c-COFs in both the direct-current and alternating-current limits. This unique transport phenomenon with largely increased mobility upon doping can be traced to increased scattering time for free charge carriers, indicating that scattering mechanisms limiting the mobility are mitigated by doping. Our work provides a guideline on how to assess doping effects in COFs and highlights the potential of 2D c-COFs to display high conductivities and mobilities toward novel (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mao Wang
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hung-Hsuan Lin
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Ballabio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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150
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Meng Z, Luo J, Li W, Mirica KA. Hierarchical Tuning of the Performance of Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Conductive Two-Dimensional Metallophthalocyanine Based Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21656-21669. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Weiyang Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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