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A novel block at chromosome 12q24.1 is associated with coronary artery disease in Han Chinese populations. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 26:497-504. [PMID: 27602548 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to refine the chromosomal region 12q24.1 associated with coronary artery disease in Han Chinese populations. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms covering 1.2 Mb of chromosomal 12q24.1 were selected and genotyped in three geographically isolated case-control populations consisting of 7076 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and non-CAD participants. In addition to replication of the previous block (block 1), we identified a novel block (block 2) associated with CAD. In a combined analysis, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, permuted P value) were 0.79 (0.72-0.86, 8.358×10) and 1.24 (1.13-1.36, 2.576×10) for haplotypes ATGGG and GCACA in block 1 and 1.22 (1.14-1.30, 6.484×10) and 0.82 (0.77-0.88, 6.484×10) for haplotypes GA and AG in block 2, respectively. Protective alleles of two index single nucleotide polymorphisms decreased the expression of NAA25 (P=0.034), but did not alter the expression of other genes within block 2. CONCLUSION We identified a novel block associated with CAD at chromosomal 12q24.
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102
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Jansen H, Willenborg C, Lieb W, Zeng L, Ferrario PG, Loley C, König IR, Erdmann J, Samani NJ, Schunkert H. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Coronary Artery Disease: Genetic Analyses Do Not Support a Causal Relation. J Rheumatol 2016; 44:4-10. [PMID: 27744395 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.151444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are assumed to increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). More recently, multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with RA risk were identified. If causal mechanisms affecting risks of RA and CAD are overlapping, risk alleles for RA might also increase the risk of CAD. METHODS Sixty-one SNP associating with RA in genome-wide significant analyses were tested for association with CAD in CARDIoGRAM (Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis), a metaanalysis including genome-wide association data (22,233 CAD cases, 64,762 controls). In parallel, a set of SNP being associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was tested as a positive control. RESULTS Twenty-nine RA-associated SNP displayed a directionality-consistent association with CAD (OR range 1.002-1.073), whereas 32 RA-associated SNP were not associated with CAD (OR range 0.96-0.99 per RA risk-increasing allele). The proportion (48%) of directionality-consistent associated SNP equaled the proportion expected by chance (50%, p = 0.09). Of only 5 RA-associated SNP showing p values for CAD < 0.05, 4 loci (C5orf30, IL-6R, PTPN22, and RAD51B) showed directionality-consistent effects on CAD, and 1 (rs10774624, locus SH2B3) reached study-wide significance (p = 7.29E-06). By contrast, and as a proof of concept, 46 (74%) out of 62 LDL-C-associated SNP displayed a directionality-consistent association with CAD, a proportion that was significantly different from 50% (p = 5.9E-05). CONCLUSION We found no evidence that RA-associated SNP as a group are associated with CAD. Even though we were not able to study potential effects of all genetic variants individually, shared nongenetic factors may more plausibly explain the observed coincidence of the 2 conditions.
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103
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Wirtwein M, Melander O, Sjőgren M, Hoffmann M, Narkiewicz K, Gruchala M, Sobiczewski W. The Relationship Between Gene Polymorphisms and Dipping Profile in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1094-102. [PMID: 27189819 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to report the relationship between certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and blunted nighttime blood pressure (BP) fall in patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography. METHODS According to the percentage decrease in mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) during the nighttime period, subjects were classified as dippers or nondippers (nighttime relative SBP or DBP decline ≥10% and <10%, respectively). Genetic risk score (GRS18) was constructed to evaluate additive effect of 18 SNPs for nondipping status. RESULTS In the present study, 1,345 subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) were included. During follow-up period (median 8.3 years, interquartile range 5.3-9.0 years), there were 245 all-cause deaths (18.2%) including 114 cardiovascular deaths (8.5%). There were significant differences in the number of revascularizations between nondippers SBP and DBP and dippers SBP and DBP (48.0% vs. 36.4%, P < 0.01). SNPs of the genes, MIA3, MRAS, PCSK9, SMG6, and ZC3HC1, were related to a higher risk of nondipping SBP and DBP status. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, polymorphisms of genes related to CHD (MIA3, MRAS, PCSK9, SMG6, and ZC3HC1) were associated with nondipping SBP and DBP profile, and GRS18 was associated with nondipping status. In addition, this profile was related to a higher risk of revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wirtwein
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marketa Sjőgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michal Hoffmann
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruchala
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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104
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Wang MH, Sun R, Guo J, Weng H, Lee J, Hu I, Sham PC, Zee BCY. A fast and powerful W-test for pairwise epistasis testing. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:e115. [PMID: 27112568 PMCID: PMC4937324 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epistasis plays an essential role in the development of complex diseases. Interaction methods face common challenge of seeking a balance between persistent power, model complexity, computation efficiency, and validity of identified bio-markers. We introduce a novel W-test to identify pairwise epistasis effect, which measures the distributional difference between cases and controls through a combined log odds ratio. The test is model-free, fast, and inherits a Chi-squared distribution with data adaptive degrees of freedom. No permutation is needed to obtain the P-values. Simulation studies demonstrated that the W-test is more powerful in low frequency variants environment than alternative methods, which are the Chi-squared test, logistic regression and multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR). In two independent real bipolar disorder genome-wide associations (GWAS) datasets, the W-test identified significant interactions pairs that can be replicated, including SLIT3-CENPN, SLIT3-TMEM132D, CNTNAP2-NDST4 and CNTCAP2-RTN4R The genes in the pairs play central roles in neurotransmission and synapse formation. A majority of the identified loci are undiscoverable by main effect and are low frequency variants. The proposed method offers a powerful alternative tool for mapping the genetic puzzle underlying complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Haoyi Weng
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jack Lee
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Inchi Hu
- ISOM Department and Biomedical Engineering Division, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry; Centre for Genomic Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benny Chung-Ying Zee
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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105
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Kessler T, Vilne B, Schunkert H. The impact of genome-wide association studies on the pathophysiology and therapy of cardiovascular disease. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:688-701. [PMID: 27189168 PMCID: PMC4931285 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes for death worldwide. Genetic disposition jointly with traditional risk factors precipitates their manifestation. Whereas the implications of a positive family history for individual risk have been known for a long time, only in the past few years have genome-wide association studies (GWAS) shed light on the underlying genetic variations. Here, we review these studies designed to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. We focus on the newly established pathways to exemplify the translation from the identification of risk-related genetic variants to new preventive and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Baiba Vilne
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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106
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Flannick J, Johansson S, Njølstad PR. Common and rare forms of diabetes mellitus: towards a continuum of diabetes subtypes. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:394-406. [PMID: 27080136 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insights into the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been difficult to discern, despite substantial research. More is known about rare forms of diabetes mellitus, several of which share clinical and genetic features with the common form of T2DM. In this Review, we discuss the extent to which the study of rare and low-frequency mutations in large populations has begun to bridge the gap between rare and common forms of diabetes mellitus. We hypothesize that the perceived division between these diseases might be due, in part, to the historical ascertainment bias of genetic studies, rather than a clear distinction between disease pathophysiologies. We also discuss possible implications of a new model for the genetic basis of diabetes mellitus subtypes, where the boundary between subtypes becomes blurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, The Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, The Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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107
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Nurnberg ST, Zhang H, Hand NJ, Bauer RC, Saleheen D, Reilly MP, Rader DJ. From Loci to Biology: Functional Genomics of Genome-Wide Association for Coronary Disease. Circ Res 2016; 118:586-606. [PMID: 26892960 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have provided a rich collection of ≈ 58 coronary artery disease (CAD) loci that suggest the existence of previously unsuspected new biology relevant to atherosclerosis. However, these studies only identify genomic loci associated with CAD, and many questions remain even after a genomic locus is definitively implicated, including the nature of the causal variant(s) and the causal gene(s), as well as the directionality of effect. There are several tools that can be used for investigation of the functional genomics of these loci, and progress has been made on a limited number of novel CAD loci. New biology regarding atherosclerosis and CAD will be learned through the functional genomics of these loci, and the hope is that at least some of these new pathways relevant to CAD pathogenesis will yield new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T Nurnberg
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Danish Saleheen
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| | - Daniel J Rader
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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108
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Swerdlow DI, Kuchenbaecker KB, Shah S, Sofat R, Holmes MV, White J, Mindell JS, Kivimaki M, Brunner EJ, Whittaker JC, Casas JP, Hingorani AD. Selecting instruments for Mendelian randomization in the wake of genome-wide association studies. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1600-1616. [PMID: 27342221 PMCID: PMC5100611 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies typically assess the pathogenic relevance of environmental exposures or disease biomarkers, using genetic variants that instrument these exposures. The approach is gaining popularity-our systematic review reveals a greater than 10-fold increase in MR studies published between 2004 and 2015. When the MR paradigm was first proposed, few biomarker- or exposure-related genetic variants were known, most having been identified by candidate gene studies. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now providing a rich source of potential instruments for MR analysis. Many early reviews covering the concept, applications and analytical aspects of the MR technique preceded the surge in GWAS, and thus the question of how best to select instruments for MR studies from the now extensive pool of available variants has received insufficient attention. Here we focus on the most common category of MR studies-those concerning disease biomarkers. We consider how the selection of instruments for MR analysis from GWAS requires consideration of: the assumptions underlying the MR approach; the biology of the biomarker; the genome-wide distribution, frequency and effect size of biomarker-associated variants (the genetic architecture); and the specificity of the genetic associations. Based on this, we develop guidance that may help investigators to plan and readers interpret MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Swerdlow
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sonia Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon White
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer S Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Genetics Division, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, NFSP, Harlow, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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109
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Abstract
Acute coronary artery syndrome in the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries, and its epidemiological burden is also constantly increasing worldwide, including Asia. Due to social and economic consequences, a number of experimental and epidemiological studies have analyzed its etiology so far, in order to develop effective preventive and treatment measures. Thanks to these studies, it is now clear that coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex multifactorial disorder, resulting from close interaction between acquired and inherited risk factors. In particular, considerable advances were made in the last decade about our understanding of the genetic causes of CAD, mainly propelled by the progresses in whole genome scanning and the development of genome wide association studies. This narrative review is hence dedicated to explore the role of genetic factors in the risk of developing acute CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
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110
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Shahzadi S, Shabana, Chaudhry M, Arooj I, Hasnain S. A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in C12orf43 Region is Associated with the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in a Pakistani Cohort. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:676-84. [PMID: 27263109 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading public health problems associated with mortality and morbidity in the world. It is a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Atherosclerosis and elevated levels of plasma cholesterol contribute to increased risk for CAD. Other risk factors include age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, smoking, and family history. Previous genetic studies have identified multiple polymorphisms in various genes to be associated with the risk of CAD in different populations. We aimed to examine the association of MRAS/rs9818870 and C12orf43/rs2258287 polymorphisms with the risk of CAD in a Pakistani sample. A total of 200 samples (100 cases and 100 controls) was analyzed by Allele-specific PCR. Genotypes were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. In the current study, locus C12orf43/rs2258287 was found to be associated with the risk of CAD in the studied Pakistani cohort (OR 0.18; CI 0.08-0.37; p = 0.0001) while no association was observed for MRAS/rs9818870 (OR 1.34; CI 0.65-2.76; p = 0.42). In conclusion, the rs2258287 SNP may play an important role in the progression of CAD in the Pakistani subjects. However, future studies should be done on a larger sample size to fully establish its exact role in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqa Shahzadi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mamoonah Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Arooj
- The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
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111
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent findings on the role of genetic factors in the aetiopathology of CAD have implicated novel genes and variants in addition to those involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, our present knowledge is limited due to lack of clarity on their exact identity and the quantum of impact on disease susceptibility, and incident risk. It is a matter of great interest to understand the role of genetic factors in ethnic populations that have a strong underlying predisposition to CAD such as the South Asian populations, particularly among Asian Indians living in India and abroad. Although, a number of isolated studies do implicate certain gene polymorphisms towards enhanced disease susceptibility, the available data remains scanty and inconclusive as they have not been validated in large, prospective cohorts. The present review aims to consolidate the available literature on the genetics of CAD in Asian Indians and seeks to provide insights on the concerns that need to be addressed in future studies to generate information having clinical value.
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112
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Huang T, Cheng HL, Campos H, Qi L. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake, chromosome 9p21 variants, and risk of myocardial infarction in Hispanics. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1179-84. [PMID: 26961926 PMCID: PMC4807696 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 9p21 variants are among the most robust genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD), and previous studies have suggested that genetic effects of this locus might be modified by dietary factors. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which are the main dietary source of added sugar, has been shown to interact with genetic factors in affecting CAD risk factors such as obesity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test whether SSB intake modified the association between chromosome 9p21 variants and CAD risk in Hispanics living in Costa Rica. DESIGN The current study included 1560 incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and 1751 population-based controls. Three independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the chromosome 9p21 locus were genotyped. SSB intake was assessed with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire and was defined as the frequency of intake of daily servings of sweetened beverages and fruit juice. RESULTS We showed a significant interaction between SSB intake and one of the 3 variants (i.e., rs4977574) on MI risk. The per–risk allele OR (95% CI) of rs4977574 for MI was 1.44 (1.19, 1.74) in participants with higher SSB consumption (>2 servings/d), 1.21 (1.00, 1.47) in those with average consumption (1–2 servings/d), and 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) in subjects with lower consumption (<1 serving/d; P-interaction = 0.005). A genetic risk score derived from the sum of risk alleles of the 3 SNPs also showed a significant interaction with SSB intake on MI risk (P-interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that unhealthy dietary habits such as higher intake of SSBs could exacerbate the effects of chromosome 9p21 variants on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Han-Ling Cheng
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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113
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Xu Z, Pan W. Binomial Mixture Model Based Association Testing to Account for Genetic Heterogeneity for GWAS. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 40:202-9. [PMID: 26916514 PMCID: PMC4814320 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have confirmed the ubiquitous existence of genetic heterogeneity for common disease: multiple common genetic variants have been identified to be associated, while many more are yet expected to be uncovered. However, the single SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) based trend test (or its variants) that has been dominantly used in GWAS is based on contrasting the allele frequency difference between the case and control groups, completely ignoring possible genetic heterogeneity. In spite of the widely accepted notion of genetic heterogeneity, we are not aware of any previous attempt to apply genetic heterogeneity motivated methods in GWAS. Here, to explicitly account for unknown genetic heterogeneity, we applied a mixture model based single-SNP test to the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) GWAS data with traits of Crohn's disease, bipolar disease, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes, identifying much larger numbers of significant SNPs and risk loci for each trait than those of the popular trend test, demonstrating potential power gain of the mixture model based test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Vaara S, Tikkanen E, Parkkonen O, Lokki ML, Ripatti S, Perola M, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J. Genetic Risk Scores Predict Recurrence of Acute Coronary Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:172-8. [PMID: 26980882 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical risk estimation tools have established their role in the prediction of recurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but the value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) remains unclear. We examined how well 2 different GRSs estimate recurrent ACS and whether clinical factors are associated with GRSs. METHODS AND RESULTS A cohort of 2090 consecutive patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography between July 2006 and March 2008 in a single tertiary center was genotyped and prospectively followed up for a median of 5.5 years. We formed 2 partially overlapping GRSs: GRS47 of 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with previously reported significant association with coronary artery disease and GRS153 of 153 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with significant or suggestive association with coronary artery disease. GRS47 showed association with recurrent ACS independent of clinical factors (P=0.037; hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.36). GRS153 had no association with either recurrent ACS or composite of recurrent ACS or death. Also, GRS47 was associated inversely with smoking and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (P=0.004; odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.62 and P=0.041; odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS GRSs combined of 47 known coronary artery disease risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with recurrent ACS after multivariable adjustments in a heterogenic ACS population for the first time. Smoking and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction had an inverse association with the GRSs. The significance of smoking in relation to genetic coronary artery disease predisposition may merit further evaluation in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Vaara
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Olavi Parkkonen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Marja-Liisa Lokki
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Markus Perola
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.)
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.V., O.P., M.S.N., J.S.); Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E.T., S.P., M.P.) and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.-L.L.).
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Vargas JD, Manichaikul A, Wang XQ, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Post WS, Polak JF, Budoff MJ, Bluemke DA. Detailed analysis of association between common single nucleotide polymorphisms and subclinical atherosclerosis: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Data Brief 2016; 7:229-42. [PMID: 26958643 PMCID: PMC4773483 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome wide association studies (GWAS) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants of mostly European descent were tested for association with subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD), coronary artery calcium score (CAC) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The data in this data in brief article correspond to the article Common Genetic Variants and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [1]. This article includes the demographic information of the participants analyzed in the article as well as graphical displays and data tables of the association of the selected SNPs with CAC and of the meta-analysis across ethnicities of the association of CIMT-c (common carotid), CIMT-I (internal carotid), CAC-d (CAC as dichotomous variable with CAC>0) and CAC-c (CAC as continuous variable, the log of the raw CAC score plus one) and CVD. The data tables corresponding to the 9p21 fine mapping experiment as well as the power calculations referenced in the article are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D. Vargas
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- National Institutes of Health, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xin-Qun Wang
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F. Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David A. Bluemke
- National Institutes of Health, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author: Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10/1c351, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.Radiology and Imaging SciencesNIH Clinical Center10 Center DriveBuilding 10/1c351BethesdaMD20892USA
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116
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Vargas JD, Manichaikul A, Wang XQ, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Post WS, Polak JF, Budoff MJ, Bluemke DA. Common genetic variants and subclinical atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:230-6. [PMID: 26789557 PMCID: PMC4738145 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Subclinical atherosclerosis (sCVD), measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of sCVD and CVD have focused primarily on Caucasian populations. We hypothesized that these associations may differ in populations from distinct genetic backgrounds. METHODS The associations between sCVD and 66 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from published GWAS of sCVD and CVD were tested in 8224 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and MESA Family participants [2329 Caucasians (EUA), 691 Chinese (CHN), 2482 African Americans (AFA), and 2012 Hispanic (HIS)] using an additive model adjusting for CVD risk factors, with SNP significance defined by a Bonferroni-corrected p < 7.6 × 10(-4) (0.05/66). RESULTS In EUA there were significant associations for CAC with SNPs in 9p21 (rs1333049, P = 2 × 10(-9); rs4977574, P = 4 × 10(-9)), COL4A1 (rs9515203, P = 9 × 10(-6)), and PHACTR1 (rs9349379, P = 4 × 10(-4)). In HIS, CAC was associated with SNPs in 9p21 (rs1333049, P = 8 × 10(-5); rs4977574, P = 5 × 10(-5)), APOA5 (rs964184, P = 2 × 10(-4)), and ADAMTS7 (rs7173743, P = 4 × 10(-4)). There were no associations between CAC and 9p21 SNPs for AFA and CHN. Fine mapping of the 9p21 region revealed SNPs with robust associations with CAC in EUA and HIS but no significant associations in AFA and CHN. CONCLUSION Our results suggest some shared genetic architecture for sCVD across ethnic groups, while also underscoring the possibility of novel variants and/or pathways in risk of CVD in ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Vargas
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; National Institutes of Health, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xin-Qun Wang
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- National Institutes of Health, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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von Wnuck Lipinski K, Sattler K, Peters S, Weske S, Keul P, Klump H, Heusch G, Göthert JR, Levkau B. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1A Is a Cell-Intrinsic Transcription Factor Required for B Cell Differentiation and Development in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1655-65. [PMID: 26800876 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte NF (HNF) family of transcription factors regulates the complex gene networks involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. In humans, HNF1A mutations cause maturity onset of diabetes in the young type 3, whereas murine HNF6 participates in fetal liver B lymphopoiesis. In this study, we have identified a crucial role for the prototypical member of the family HNF1A in adult bone marrow B lymphopoiesis. HNF1A(-/-) mice exhibited a clear reduction in total blood and splenic B cells and a further pronounced one in transitional B cells. In HNF1A(-/-) bone marrow, all B cell progenitors-from pre-pro-/early pro-B cells to immature B cells-were dramatically reduced and their proliferation rate suppressed. IL-7 administration in vivo failed to boost B cell development in HNF1A(-/-) mice, whereas IL-7 stimulation of HNF1A(-/-) B cell progenitors in vitro revealed a marked impairment in STAT5 phosphorylation. The B cell differentiation potential of HNF1A(-/-) common lymphoid progenitors was severely impaired in vitro, and the expression of the B lymphopoiesis-promoting transcription factors E2A, EBF1, Pax5, and Bach2 was reduced in B cell progenitors in vivo. HNF1A(-/-) bone marrow chimera featured a dramatic defect in B lymphopoiesis recapitulating that of global HNF1A deficiency. The HNF1A(-/-) lymphopoiesis defect was confined to B cells as T lymphopoiesis was unaffected, and bone marrow common lymphoid progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells were even increased. Our data demonstrate that HNF1A is an important cell-intrinsic transcription factor in adult B lymphopoiesis and suggest the IL-7R/STAT5 module to be causally involved in mediating its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin von Wnuck Lipinski
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Katherine Sattler
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Susann Peters
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; and
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
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118
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Chen S, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Wang D, Tan C, Fa J, Zhang R, Wang F, Xu C, Huang Y, Li S, Yin D, Xiong X, Li X, Chen Q, Tu X, Yang Y, Xia Y, Xu C, Wang QK. Genomic variant in CAV1 increases susceptibility to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:148-156. [PMID: 26775120 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CAV1 gene encodes caveolin-1 expressed in cell types relevant to atherosclerosis. Cav-1-null mice showed a protective effect on atherosclerosis under the ApoE(-/-) background. However, it is unknown whether CAV1 is linked to CAD and MI in humans. In this study we analyzed a tagSNP for CAV1 in intron 2, rs3807989, for potential association with CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed case-control association studies in three independent Chinese Han populations from GeneID, including 1249 CAD cases and 841 controls in Population I, 1260 cases and 833 controls in Population II and 790 cases and 1212 controls in Population III (a total of 3299 cases and 2886 controls). We identified significant association between rs3807989 and CAD in three independent populations and in the combined population (Padj = 2.18 × 10(-5), OR = 1.19 for minor allele A). We also detected significant association between rs3807989 and MI (Padj = 5.43 × 10(-5), OR = 1.23 for allele A). Allele A of SNP rs3807989 was also associated with a decreased level of LDL cholesterol. Although rs3807989 is a tagSNP for both CAV1 and nearby CAV2, allele A of SNP rs3807989 was associated with an increased expression level of CAV1 (both mRNA and protein), but not CAV2. CONCLUSIONS The data in this study demonstrated that rs3807989 at the CAV1/CAV2 locus was associated with significant risk of CAD and MI by increasing expression of CAV1 (but not CAV2). Thus, CAV1 becomes a strong candidate susceptibility gene for CAD/MI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Fa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, CCLCM, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yonglong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, CCLCM, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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119
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PPIA rs6850: A > G single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with raised plasma cyclophilin A levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:259-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wakil SM, Ram R, Muiya NP, Mehta M, Andres E, Mazhar N, Baz B, Hagos S, Alshahid M, Meyer BF, Morahan G, Dzimiri N. A genome-wide association study reveals susceptibility loci for myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabs. Atherosclerosis 2015; 245:62-70. [PMID: 26708285 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple loci have been identified for coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but no such studies on CAD incidence has been reported yet for any Middle Eastern population. METHODS In this study, we performed a GWAS for CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) incidence in 5668 Saudis of Arab descent using the Affymetrix Axiom Genotyping platform. RESULTS We describe SNPs at 16 loci that showed significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) or suggestive GWAS association (P < 1 × 10(-5)) with CAD or MI, in the ethnic Saudi Arab population. Among the four variants reaching GWAS significance in the present study, the rs10738607_G [0.78(0.71-0.85); p = 2.17E-08] in CDNK2A/B gene was associated with CAD. Two other SNPs on the same gene, rs10757274_G [0.79(0.73-0.86); p = 2.98E-08] and rs1333045_C [0.79(0.73-0.86); p = 1.15E-08] as well as the rs9982601_T [1.38(1.23-1.55); p = 3.49E-08] on KCNE2 were associated with MI. These variants have been previously described in other populations. Several SNPs, including the rs7421388 (PLCL1) and rs12541758 (TRPA1) displaying a suggestive GWAS association (P < 1 × 10(-5)) with CAD as well as rs41411047 (RNF13), rs32793 (PDZD2) and rs4739066 (YTHDF3), similarly showing weak association with MI, were confirmed in an independent dataset. Furthermore, our estimation of heritability of CAD and MI based on observed genome-wide sharing in unrelated Saudi Arabs was approximately 33% and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified susceptibility variants for CAD/MI in ethnic Arabs. These findings provide further insights into pathways contributing to the susceptibility for CAD and will enable more comprehensive genetic studies of these diseases in Middle East populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Wakil
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nzioka P Muiya
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munish Mehta
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Editha Andres
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nejat Mazhar
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Baz
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samya Hagos
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maie Alshahid
- King Faisal Heart Institute, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Shared genetic aetiology of coronary artery disease and atherosclerotic stroke - 2015. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:498. [PMID: 25690589 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-015-0498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, genome-wide association studies have allowed to identify multiple genetic variants associated with atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the identification of genomic variants associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction as well as large-vessel stroke. We will focus on genetic variants that displayed overlap for these atherosclerotic diseases. Current research is focusing on the identification of the functional mechanisms underlying these associations. As frequent variants are often only associated with small increases in risk, the search for the identification of rare variants with large increases in risk is ongoing. Whole-exome sequencing recently revealed rare variants dramatically increasing cardiovascular risk. Taken together, the developments of the past few years light the vision of improved prevention and therapy of coronary artery disease and stroke.
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Asociación entre variantes genéticas de enfermedad coronaria y aterosclerosis subclínica: estudio de asociación y metanálisis. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Neelankavil J, Rau CD, Wang Y. The Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: A Search for Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:1328-32. [PMID: 25976605 PMCID: PMC4539278 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Department of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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Tada H, Melander O, Louie JZ, Catanese JJ, Rowland CM, Devlin JJ, Kathiresan S, Shiffman D. Risk prediction by genetic risk scores for coronary heart disease is independent of self-reported family history. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:561-7. [PMID: 26392438 PMCID: PMC4744619 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Genetic risk scores (GRSs) have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in large studies. We asked whether expanding an established 27-variant GRS (GRS27) to a 50-variant GRS (GRS50) improved CHD prediction and whether GRSs are independent of self-reported family history of CHD. Methods and results The association between GRSs and incident CHD was assessed in Cox models adjusting for established risk factors in 23 595 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study—a prospective, population-based study. During a median follow-up of 14.4 years, 2213 participants experienced a first CHD event. After adjustment for established risk factors, both GRS27 and GRS50 were associated with incident CHD [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.70 for high (top quintile) vs. low (bottom quintile) of GRS27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–1.94; Ptrend = 1.6 × 10−15 and HR = 1.92 for GRS50; 95% CI: 1.67–2.20; Ptrend = 6.2 × 10−22]. Adding 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to GRS27 improved risk prediction (P = 3 × 10−6). Further adjustment for self-reported family history did not appreciably change the risk estimates of either GRS27 (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.45–1.89) or GRS50 (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.63–2.14). The addition of GRS50 to established risk factors, including self-reported family history, improved discrimination (P < 0.0001) and reclassification (continuous net reclassification improvement index = 0.17, P < 0.0001). In young participants (below median age), those with high GRS50 had 2.4-fold greater risk (95% CI: 1.85–3.12) than those with low GRS50. Conclusion The addition of 23 SNPs to an existing GRS27 improved CHD risk prediction and was independent of self-reported family history. Coronary heart disease risk assessment by GRS could be particularly useful in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tada
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Labos C, Martinez SC, Leo Wang RH, Lenzini PA, Pilote L, Bogaty P, Brophy JM, Engert JC, Cresci S, Thanassoulis G. Utility of a genetic risk score to predict recurrent cardiovascular events 1 year after an acute coronary syndrome: A pooled analysis of the RISCA, PRAXY, and TRIUMPH cohorts. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:261-7. [PMID: 26232166 PMCID: PMC4772857 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding the utility of genetic risk scores (GRS) in predicting recurrent cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We sought to determine whether a GRS would predict early recurrent cardiovascular events within 1 year of ACS. METHODS & RESULTS Participants admitted with acute coronary syndromes from the RISCA, PRAXY, and TRIUMPH cohorts, were genotyped for 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (MI) in prior genome wide association studies. A 30 SNP CAD/MI GRS was constructed. The primary endpoint was defined as all-cause mortality, recurrent ACS or cardiac re-hospitalization within 1 year of ACS admission. Results across all cohorts for the 30 SNP CAD/MI GRS were pooled using a random-effects model. There were 1040 patients from the RISCA cohort, 691 patients from the PRAXY cohort, and 1772 patients from the TRIUMPH cohort included in the analysis and 389 occurrences of the primary endpoint of recurrent events at 1-year post-ACS. In unadjusted and fully adjusted analyses, a 30 SNP GRS was not significantly associated with recurrent events (HR per allele 0.97 (95%CI 0.91-1.03) for RISCA, HR 0.99 (95%CI 0.93-1.05) for PRAXY, 0.98 (95%CI 0.94-1.02) for TRIUMPH, and 0.98 (95%CI 0.95-1.01) for the pooled analysis). Addition of this GRS to the GRACE risk model did not significantly improve risk prediction. CONCLUSION The 30 MI SNP GRS was not associated with recurrent events 1-year post ACS in pooled analyses across cohorts and did not improve risk discrimination or reclassification indices. Our results suggest that the genetic etiology of early events post-ACS may differ from later events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Labos
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara C Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rui Hao Leo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Petra A Lenzini
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Louise Pilote
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Bogaty
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - James M Brophy
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James C Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sharon Cresci
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Forearm vasodilator reactivity in healthy male carriers of the 3q22.3 rs9818870 polymorphism. Microvasc Res 2015; 102:33-7. [PMID: 26284284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome wide association study has identified a robust risk locus for cardiovascular disease on 3q22.3. However, the mechanisms by which the [C]/[T] polymorphism rs9818870 increases cardiovascular risk are unknown. This forearm blood flow (FBF) study addressed the question if the genetic association with cardiovascular disease in patients is preceded by incipient vasodilator impairment in young, healthy carriers of this new risk locus on chromosome 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS After a pre-screening of 74 subjects 17 male healthy volunteers homozygous/heterozygous for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) risk allele on 3q22.3 and a control group of 17 healthy volunteers not carrying the allele were included into this case-control study. RESULTS Forearm vascular endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses were in the normal range in both groups, although endothelium-dependent FBF reactivity to acetylcholine was significantly higher in SNP carriers of the risk allele. CONCLUSION The augmented endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the forearm resistance vasculature does not support the presence of endothelial dysfunction in young SNP carriers and indicates that other mechanisms are responsible for the strong association between coronary artery diseases and the rs9818870 polymorphism, located on 3q22.3.
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127
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Pathway analysis of body mass index genome-wide association study highlights risk pathways in cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13025. [PMID: 26264282 PMCID: PMC4533004 DOI: 10.1038/srep13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. It is reported that body mass index (BMI) is risk factor for CVD. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently provided rapid insights into genetics of CVD and its risk factors. However, the specific mechanisms how BMI influences CVD risk are largely unknown. We think that BMI may influences CVD risk by shared genetic pathways. In order to confirm this view, we conducted a pathway analysis of BMI GWAS, which examined approximately 329,091 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 4763 samples. We identified 31 significant KEGG pathways. There is literature evidence supporting the involvement of GnRH signaling, vascular smooth muscle contraction, dilated cardiomyopathy, Gap junction, Wnt signaling, Calcium signaling and Chemokine signaling in CVD. Collectively, our study supports the potential role of the CVD risk pathways in BMI. BMI may influence CVD risk by the shared genetic pathways. We believe that our results may advance our understanding of BMI mechanisms in CVD.
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128
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Christofidou P, Nelson CP, Nikpay M, Qu L, Li M, Loley C, Debiec R, Braund PS, Denniff M, Charchar FJ, Arjo AR, Trégouët DA, Goodall AH, Cambien F, Ouwehand WH, Roberts R, Schunkert H, Hengstenberg C, Reilly MP, Erdmann J, McPherson R, König IR, Thompson JR, Samani NJ, Tomaszewski M. Runs of Homozygosity: Association with Coronary Artery Disease and Gene Expression in Monocytes and Macrophages. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:228-37. [PMID: 26166477 PMCID: PMC4573243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) are recognized signature of recessive inheritance. Contributions of ROHs to the genetic architecture of coronary artery disease and regulation of gene expression in cells relevant to atherosclerosis are not known. Our combined analysis of 24,320 individuals from 11 populations of white European ethnicity showed an association between coronary artery disease and both the count and the size of ROHs. Individuals with coronary artery disease had approximately 0.63 (95% CI: 0.4-0.8) excess of ROHs when compared to coronary-artery-disease-free control subjects (p = 1.49 × 10(-9)). The average total length of ROHs was approximately 1,046.92 (95% CI: 634.4-1,459.5) kb greater in individuals with coronary artery disease than control subjects (p = 6.61 × 10(-7)). None of the identified individual ROHs was associated with coronary artery disease after correction for multiple testing. However, in aggregate burden analysis, ROHs favoring increased risk of coronary artery disease were much more common than those showing the opposite direction of association with coronary artery disease (p = 2.69 × 10(-33)). Individual ROHs showed significant associations with monocyte and macrophage expression of genes in their close proximity-subjects with several individual ROHs showed significant differences in the expression of 44 mRNAs in monocytes and 17 mRNAs in macrophages when compared to subjects without those ROHs. This study provides evidence for an excess of homozygosity in coronary artery disease in outbred populations and suggest the potential biological relevance of ROHs in cells of importance to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Majid Nikpay
- Ruddy Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 3V5, Canada
| | - Liming Qu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Loley
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Radoslaw Debiec
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Ares Rocanin Arjo
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75013, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris 75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Paris 75013, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75013, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris 75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Paris 75013, France
| | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Francois Cambien
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75013, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris 75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Paris 75013, France
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Robert Roberts
- Ruddy Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 3V5, Canada
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich 80636, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich 80636, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19148, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Ruddy Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 3V5, Canada
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - John R Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
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Hao H, Haas MJ, Wu R, Gragnoli C. T2D and Depression Risk Gene Proteasome Modulator 9 is Linked to Insomnia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12032. [PMID: 26166263 PMCID: PMC4648424 DOI: 10.1038/srep12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia increases type-2 diabetes (T2D) risk. The 12q24 locus is linked to T2D, depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety. At the 12q24 locus, the Proteasome-Modulator 9 (PSMD9) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs74421874 [intervening sequence (IVS) 3+nt460-G>A], rs3825172 (IVS3+nt437-C>T) and rs14259 (E197G-A>G) are linked to: T2D, depression, anxiety, maturity-onset-diabetes-of the young 3/MODY3, obesity, waist circumference, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, T2D-macrovascular disease, T2D-microvascular disease, T2D-neuropathy, T2D-carpal-tunnel syndrome, T2D-nephropathy, T2D-retinopathy and non-diabetic retinopathy. PSMD9 SNP rs1043307/rs14259 (E197G-A>G) plays a role in anti-depressant therapy response, depression and schizophrenia. We aimed at determining PSMD9 rs74421874/rs3825172/rs14259 SNPs potential linkage to primary insomnia and sleep hours in T2D families. We recruited 200 Italian T2D families phenotyping them for primary insomnia and sleep hours per night. PSMD9-T2D-risk SNPs rs74421874/rs3825172 and rs1043307/rs14259 were tested for linkage with insomnia and sleep hours. Non-parametric-linkage analysis, linkage-disequilibrium-model analysis, single-SNP analysis, cluster-based-parametric analysis, quantitative-trait and variant-component analysis were performed using Merlin software. To validate data, 1000 replicates were executed for the significant non-parametric data. PSMD9 rs74421874 (IVS3+nt460-G>A), rs3825172 (IVS3+nt437-C>T) and rs1043307/rs14259 (E197G-A>G) SNPs are linked to insomnia in our Italian families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hao
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Michael J. Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Biology, Temple University’s College of Science & Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
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130
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Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:71-7. [PMID: 26134515 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) including myocardial infarction (MI) is a common disease and among the leading cause of death in the world. The onset of CAD depends on complex interactions of environmental and genetic factors. To clarify the genetic architecture of MI, we started a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using nearly 100 000 gene-based single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 2000, and identified LTA associated with the increased risk of MI in Japanese population. To our knowledge, this is the first study identified a genetic factor for common disease by GWAS in the worldwide. Through examining the LTA cascade by combination of molecular biological and genetic analyses, we have identified additional MI susceptible genes, LGALS2, PSMA6 and BRAP, so far. Nowadays a lot of large-scale GWAS have identified numerous genetic risk factors for common diseases. In CAD, 51 loci with GWAS significance (P<5 × 10(-8)) have collectively identified by recent large-scale GWAS mainly in Caucasian descent. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular genetics for CAD.
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131
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Beaney KE, Cooper JA, Ullah Shahid S, Ahmed W, Qamar R, Drenos F, Crockard MA, Humphries SE. Clinical Utility of a Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Gene Score in UK Healthy Middle Aged Men and in the Pakistani Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130754. [PMID: 26133560 PMCID: PMC4489836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous risk prediction algorithms based on conventional risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) are available but provide only modest discrimination. The inclusion of genetic information may improve clinical utility. Methods We tested the use of two gene scores (GS) in the prospective second Northwick Park Heart Study (NPHSII) of 2775 healthy UK men (284 cases), and Pakistani case-control studies from Islamabad/Rawalpindi (321 cases/228 controls) and Lahore (414 cases/219 controls). The 19-SNP GS included SNPs in loci identified by GWAS and candidate gene studies, while the 13-SNP GS only included SNPs in loci identified by the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium. Results In NPHSII, the mean of both gene scores was higher in those who went on to develop CHD over 13.5 years of follow-up (19-SNP p=0.01, 13-SNP p=7x10-3). In combination with the Framingham algorithm the GSs appeared to show improvement in discrimination (increase in area under the ROC curve, 19-SNP p=0.48, 13-SNP p=0.82) and risk classification (net reclassification improvement (NRI), 19-SNP p=0.28, 13-SNP p=0.42) compared to the Framingham algorithm alone, but these were not statistically significant. When considering only individuals who moved up a risk category with inclusion of the GS, the improvement in risk classification was statistically significant (19-SNP p=0.01, 13-SNP p=0.04). In the Pakistani samples, risk allele frequencies were significantly lower compared to NPHSII for 13/19 SNPs. In the Islamabad study, the mean gene score was higher in cases than controls only for the 13-SNP GS (2.24 v 2.34, p=0.04). There was no association with CHD and either score in the Lahore study. Conclusion The performance of both GSs showed potential clinical utility in European men but much less utility in subjects from Pakistan, suggesting that a different set of risk loci or SNPs may be required for risk prediction in the South Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Beaney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, University Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie A. Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, University Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, University Street, London, United Kingdom
- Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Crockard
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, University Street, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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132
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Brænne I, Kleinecke M, Reiz B, Graf E, Strom T, Wieland T, Fischer M, Kessler T, Hengstenberg C, Meitinger T, Erdmann J, Schunkert H. Systematic analysis of variants related to familial hypercholesterolemia in families with premature myocardial infarction. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:191-7. [PMID: 26036859 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an oligogenic disorder characterized by markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels. Variants in four genes have been reported to cause the classical autosomal-dominant form of the disease. FH is largely under-diagnosed in European countries. As FH increases the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI), it might be specifically overlooked in the large number of such patients. Here, we systematically examined the frequency of potential FH-causing variants by exome sequencing in 255 German patients with premature MI and a positive family history for CAD. We further performed co-segregation analyses in an average of 5.5 family members per MI patient. In total, we identified 11 potential disease-causing variants that co-segregate within the families, that is, 5% of patients with premature MI and positive CAD family history had FH. Eight variants were previously reported as disease-causing and three are novel (LDLR.c.811G>A p.(V271I)), PCSK9.c.610G>A (p.(D204N)) and STAP1.c.139A>G (p.(T47A))). Co-segregation analyses identified multiple additional family members carrying one of these FH variants and the clinical phenotype of either FH (n=2) or FH and premature CAD (n=15). However, exome sequencing also revealed that some variants in FH genes, which have been reported to cause FH, do not co-segregate with FH. The data reveal that a large proportion of FH patients escape the diagnosis, even when they have premature MI. Hence, systematic molecular-genetic screening for FH in such patients may reveal a substantial number of cases and thereby allow a timely LDLC-lowering in both FH/MI patients as well as their variant-carrying family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Brænne
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Kleinecke
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benedikt Reiz
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Jansen H, Loley C, Lieb W, Pencina MJ, Nelson CP, Kathiresan S, Peloso GM, Voight BF, Reilly MP, Assimes TL, Boerwinkle E, Hengstenberg C, Laaksonen R, McPherson R, Roberts R, Thorsteinsdottir U, Peters A, Gieger C, Rawal R, Thompson JR, König IR, Vasan RS, Erdmann J, Samani NJ, Schunkert H. Genetic variants primarily associated with type 2 diabetes are related to coronary artery disease risk. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:419-26. [PMID: 26074316 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the association between diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk are unclear. We aimed to assess this association by studying genetic variants that have been shown to associate with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). If the association between diabetes and CAD is causal, we expected to observe an association of these variants with CAD as well. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied all genetic variants currently known to be associated with T2DM at a genome-wide significant level (p < 5*10(-8)) in CARDIoGRAM, a genome-wide data-set of CAD including 22,233 CAD cases and 64,762 controls. Out of the 44 published T2DM SNPs 10 were significantly associated with CAD in CARDIoGRAM (OR>1, p < 0.05), more than expected by chance (p = 5.0*10(-5)). Considering all 44 SNPs, the average CAD risk observed per individual T2DM risk allele was 1.0076 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9973-1.0180). Such average risk increase was significantly lower than the increase expected based on i) the published effects of the SNPs on T2DM risk and ii) the effect of T2DM on CAD risk as observed in the Framingham Heart Study, which suggested a risk of 1.067 per allele (p = 7.2*10(-10) vs. the observed effect). Studying two risk scores based on risk alleles of the diabetes SNPs, one score using individual level data in 9856 subjects, and the second score on average effects of reported beta-coefficients from the entire CARDIoGRAM data-set, we again observed a significant - yet smaller than expected - association with CAD. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that an association between type 2 diabetes related SNPs and CAD exists. However, the effects on CAD risk appear to be by far lower than what would be expected based on the effects of risk alleles on T2DM and the effect of T2DM on CAD in the epidemiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jansen
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Loley
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael J Pencina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK; Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ruth McPherson
- The John & Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert Roberts
- The John & Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institut für Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institut für Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Institut für Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - John R Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Inke R König
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- School of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik Universität zu Lübeck, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK; Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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A genetic risk score of 45 coronary artery disease risk variants associates with increased risk of myocardial infarction in 6041 Danish individuals. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:305-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD), one of the leading causes of death globally, is influenced by both environmental and genetic risk factors. Gene-centric genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving cases and controls have been remarkably successful in identifying genetic loci contributing to CAD. Modern in silico platforms, such as candidate gene prediction tools, permit a systematic analysis of GWAS data to identify candidate genes for complex diseases like CAD. Subsequent integration of drug-target data from drug databases with the predicted candidate genes can potentially identify novel therapeutics suitable for repositioning towards treatment of CAD. Methods Previously, we were able to predict 264 candidate genes and 104 potential therapeutic targets for CAD using Gentrepid (http://www.gentrepid.org), a candidate gene prediction platform with two bioinformatic modules to reanalyze Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium GWAS data. In an expanded study, using five bioinformatic modules on the same data, Gentrepid predicted 647 candidate genes and successfully replicated 55% of the candidate genes identified by the more powerful CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium meta-analysis. Hence, Gentrepid was capable of enhancing lower quality genotype-phenotype data, using an independent knowledgebase of existing biological data. Here, we used our methodology to integrate drug data from three drug databases: the Therapeutic Target Database, PharmGKB and Drug Bank, with the 647 candidate gene predictions from Gentrepid. We utilized known CAD targets, the scientific literature, existing drug data and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D meta-analysis study as benchmarks to validate Gentrepid predictions for CAD. Results Our analysis identified a total of 184 predicted candidate genes as novel therapeutic targets for CAD, and 981 novel therapeutics feasible for repositioning in clinical trials towards treatment of CAD. The benchmarks based on known CAD targets and the scientific literature showed that our results were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions We have demonstrated that available drugs may potentially be repositioned as novel therapeutics for the treatment of CAD. Drug repositioning can save valuable time and money spent on preclinical and phase I clinical studies.
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Gao M, Tang H, Zheng X, Zhou F, Lu W. Association analysis of GWAS and candidate gene loci in a Chinese population with coronary heart disease. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:7497-506. [PMID: 26221293 PMCID: PMC4509238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary heart disease (CHD), the most severe form of coronary artery disease (CAD), is a complex disease that involves a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Recently, multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with CAD in Caucasians by genome-wide association (GWA) studies.However, the association of these SNPs with CHD in Asian populations has not yet been established. Here, we aim to investigate the genetic etiology of CHD in a Chinese population by genotyping SNPs previously been associated with CHD in other ethic origin in GWAS or candidate gene studies. METHODS Five SNPs, rs17114036, rs9369640, rs515135, rs579459 and rs8055236, from 5 different loci were genotyped using a sequenom Mass array system in 545CHD patients and 1008 unrelated controls from a Chinese population. RESULTS Our study showed that SNP rs515135 is strongly associated with CHD in a Chinese Han population (P-value=0.00333, OR=1.48). We also detected significant difference of SNP rs579459 in APOB gene in patients withsevere CAD compared to patients with mild CAD. CONCLUSION SNP rs515135 is associated with the susceptibility of CHD in Chinese Han population. The location of rs515135 in the APOB gene supports its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of CAD. Our study data also support that SNP rs579459 may be associated with the severity of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Electrocardiography, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Haiqin Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, 230032, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, 230032, China
| | - Wensheng Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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de Vries PS, Kavousi M, Ligthart S, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Franco OH, Dehghan A. Incremental predictive value of 152 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 10-year risk prediction of incident coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:682-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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138
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Cardiometabolic effects of genetic upregulation of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:243-53. [PMID: 25726324 PMCID: PMC4648058 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate potential cardiovascular and other effects of long-term pharmacological interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibition, we studied genetic variants that produce inhibition of IL-1, a master regulator of inflammation. METHODS We created a genetic score combining the effects of alleles of two common variants (rs6743376 and rs1542176) that are located upstream of IL1RN, the gene encoding the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra; an endogenous inhibitor of both IL-1α and IL-1β); both alleles increase soluble IL-1Ra protein concentration. We compared effects on inflammation biomarkers of this genetic score with those of anakinra, the recombinant form of IL-1Ra, which has previously been studied in randomised trials of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. In primary analyses, we investigated the score in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and four cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysm; 453,411 total participants). In exploratory analyses, we studied the relation of the score to many disease traits and to 24 other disorders of proposed relevance to IL-1 signalling (746,171 total participants). FINDINGS For each IL1RN minor allele inherited, serum concentrations of IL-1Ra increased by 0.22 SD (95% CI 0.18-0.25; 12.5%; p = 9.3 × 10(-33)), concentrations of interleukin 6 decreased by 0.02 SD (-0.04 to -0.01; -1.7%; p = 3.5 × 10(-3)), and concentrations of C-reactive protein decreased by 0.03 SD (-0.04 to -0.02; -3.4%; p = 7.7 × 10(-14)). We noted the effects of the genetic score on these inflammation biomarkers to be directionally concordant with those of anakinra. The allele count of the genetic score had roughly log-linear, dose-dependent associations with both IL-1Ra concentration and risk of coronary heart disease. For people who carried four IL-1Ra-raising alleles, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.15 (1.08-1.22; p = 1.8 × 10(-6)) compared with people who carried no IL-1Ra-raising alleles; the per-allele odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.03 (1.02-1.04; p = 3.9 × 10(-10)). Per-allele odds ratios were 0.97 (0.95-0.99; p = 9.9 × 10(-4)) for rheumatoid arthritis, 0.99 (0.97-1.01; p = 0.47) for type 2 diabetes, 1.00 (0.98-1.02; p = 0.92) for ischaemic stroke, and 1.08 (1.04-1.12; p = 1.8 × 10(-5)) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. In exploratory analyses, we observed per-allele increases in concentrations of proatherogenic lipids, including LDL-cholesterol, but no clear evidence of association for blood pressure, glycaemic traits, or any of the 24 other disorders studied. Modelling suggested that the observed increase in LDL-cholesterol could account for about a third of the association observed between the genetic score and increased coronary risk. INTERPRETATION Human genetic data suggest that long-term dual IL-1α/β inhibition could increase cardiovascular risk and, conversely, reduce the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis. The cardiovascular risk might, in part, be mediated through an increase in proatherogenic lipid concentrations.
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Zabalza M, Subirana I, Lluis-Ganella C, Sayols-Baixeras S, de Groot E, Arnold R, Cenarro A, Ramos R, Marrugat J, Elosua R. Association Between Coronary Artery Disease Genetic Variants and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: An Association Study and Meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:869-77. [PMID: 25804320 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Recent studies have identified several genetic variants associated with coronary artery disease. Some of these genetic variants are not associated with classical cardiovascular risk factors and the mechanism of such associations is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine whether these genetic variants are related to subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima media thickness, carotid stiffness, and ankle brachial index. METHODS A cross-sectional study nested in the follow-up of the REGICOR cohort was undertaken. The study included 2667 individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis measurements were performed with standardized methods. Nine genetic variants were genotyped to assess associations with subclinical atherosclerosis, individually and in a weighted genetic risk score. A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies that analyzed these associations was undertaken. RESULTS Neither the selected genetic variants nor the genetic risk score were significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. In the meta-analysis, the rs1746048 (CXCL12; n = 10581) risk allele was directly associated with carotid intima-media thickness (β = 0.008; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.015), whereas the rs6725887 (WDR12; n = 7801) risk allele was inversely associated with this thickness (β = -0.013; 95% confidence interval, -0.024 to -0.003). CONCLUSIONS The analyzed genetic variants seem to mediate their association with coronary artery disease through different mechanisms. Our results generate the hypothesis that the CXCL12 variant appears to influence coronary artery disease risk through arterial remodeling and thickening, whereas the WDR12 risk variant could be related to higher plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Zabalza
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Lluis-Ganella
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric de Groot
- Academic Medical Center, Thoracic Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Imagelab Online & Cardiovascular, Science Park, Matrix II, 1.08, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Arnold
- ICICORELAB, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria, Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, y Unidad Docente de Medicina de Familia de Girona, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Girona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu L, You L, Tan L, Wang DW, Cui W. Genetic insight into the role of MRAS in coronary artery disease risk. Gene 2015; 564:63-6. [PMID: 25800439 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The muscle Ras (MRAS) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in white Europeans. The aim of this study was to ascertain the role of MRAS gene polymorphisms in conferring susceptibility to CAD, and to explore the effect on severity of CAD in Chinese population. We genotyped 5009 Chinese individuals (2466 CAD cases and 2543 controls) for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around MRAS and used logistic regression analysis to determine whether they were associated with CAD. The association of the SNP loci on the severity of CAD was analyzed using a logistic and linear regression analysis, respectively. Our results revealed that an intron SNP, rs1199337, tends to be marginally associated with CAD as previously reported in Caucasians (nominal P=0.01, OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20). However, this association did not retain statistically significant levels after applying Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing (corrected P=0.08). There was no significant association between other loci and CAD (nominal P>0.05). We did not observe any significant association between the SNPs and severity of CAD (all P values>0.05). From the above results, the MRAS gene loci might have a minor effect in conferring susceptibility to CAD in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling You
- Division of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Division of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Wu J, Yin RX, Guo T, Lin QZ, Shi GY, Sun JQ, Shen SW, Wang YM, Li H, Wu JZ. Association between the MARS rs6782181 polymorphism and serum lipid levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1855-1866. [PMID: 25973078 PMCID: PMC4396269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the association between the muscle Ras (MRAS) gene rs6782181 polymorphism and serum lipid levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the MRAS rs6782181 polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Mulao and Han populations. A total of 632 subjects of Han and 629 unrelated subjects of Mulao nationalities were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized samples. Genotypes of the MARS rs6782181 polymorphism were determined via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The subjects with GG genotype had higher serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels in Han, and higher serum TC and LDL-C levels in Mulao than the subjects with AA/AG genotypes (P < 0.05-0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that the subjects with GG genotype had higher TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C, ApoAI and ApoB in Han males, lower ApoAI and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han females; and higher LDL-C levels in Mulao males but not in Mulao females than the subjects with AG/AA genotypes. The association of the MARS rs6782181 polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Mulao and Han populations, or between males and females in the both ethnic groups. There may be an ethnic- and/or sex-specific association between the MRAS rs6782181 polymorphism and serum lipid levels in our study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Zhen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yuan Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Wen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Clinical Laboratory of The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Guay SP, Brisson D, Mathieu P, Bossé Y, Gaudet D, Bouchard L. A study in familial hypercholesterolemia suggests reduced methylomic plasticity in men with coronary artery disease. Epigenomics 2015; 7:17-34. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess whether DNA methylation is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials & methods: An epigenome-wide analysis has been performed on leucocytes from familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) men with (n = 6) or without CAD (n = 6). The results were replicated in an extended sample of FH men (n = 61) and in non-FH men (n = 100) for two of the top differentially methylated loci. Results: FH men with CAD had significantly more hypomethylated and hypermethylated loci and showed less DNA methylation level variability compared with men without CAD (p < 0.001). Moreover, COL14A1 and MMP9 DNA methylation levels were associated with CAD, age of onset of CAD or CAD risk factors. Conclusion: These results suggest that epigenome-wide changes are associated with CAD occurrence in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon-Pierre Guay
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, University-Affiliated Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 rue St-Vallier, Saguenay, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, University-Affiliated Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 rue St-Vallier, Saguenay, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
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Flister MJ, Hoffman MJ, Lemke A, Prisco SZ, Rudemiller N, O'Meara CC, Tsaih SW, Moreno C, Geurts AM, Lazar J, Adhikari N, Hall JL, Jacob HJ. SH2B3 Is a Genetic Determinant of Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:294-304. [PMID: 25628389 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies are powerful tools for nominating pathogenic variants, but offer little insight as to how candidate genes affect disease outcome. Such is the case for SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3), which is a negative regulator of multiple cytokine signaling pathways and is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but its role in post-MI inflammation and fibrosis is completely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an experimental model of MI (left anterior descending artery occlusion/reperfusion injury) in wild-type and Sh2b3 knockout rats (Sh2b3(em2Mcwi)), we assessed the role of Sh2b3 in post-MI fibrosis, leukocyte infiltration, angiogenesis, left ventricle contractility, and inflammatory gene expression. Compared with wild-type, Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats had significantly increased fibrosis (2.2-fold; P<0.05) and elevated leukocyte infiltration (>2-fold; P<0.05), which coincided with decreased left ventricle fractional shortening (-Δ11%; P<0.05) at 7 days post left anterior descending artery occlusion/reperfusion injury. Despite an increased angiogenic potential in Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats (1.7-fold; P<0.05), we observed no significant differences in left ventricle capillary density between wild-type and Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats. In total, 12 genes were significantly elevated in the post left anterior descending artery occluded/reperfused hearts of Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats relative to wild-type, of which 3 (NLRP12, CCR2, and IFNγ) were significantly elevated in the left ventricle of heart failure patients carrying the MI-associated rs3184504 [T] SH2B3 risk allele. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time that SH2B3 is a crucial mediator of post-MI inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Matthew J Hoffman
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Angela Lemke
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Sasha Z Prisco
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Nathan Rudemiller
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Carol Moreno
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Aron M Geurts
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Jozef Lazar
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Neeta Adhikari
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Howard J Jacob
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.).
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Labos C, Wang RHL, Pilote L, Bogaty P, Brophy JM, Engert JC, Thanassoulis G. Traditional risk factors and a Genetic Risk Score are associated with age of first acute coronary syndrome. Heart 2015; 100:1620-4. [PMID: 24842871 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between traditional risk factors (TRF) and a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) with age of first acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Early onset ACS may occur due to a high burden of TRFs or to genetic factors that accelerate atherosclerosis. Whether recently discovered genetic variants for ACS are more prevalent at earlier age of first ACS remains unknown. METHODS To construct a multilocus GRS, participants were genotyped for 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified from prior genome-wide association studies. Linear regression models were fit to estimate the association between TRFs and GRS with age of first ACS. RESULTS We included 460 participants with a first ACS enrolled in the Recurrence and Inflammation in the Acute Coronary Syndromes (RISCA) cohort. Several TRFs were associated (all p<0.05) with earlier age of first ACS: male sex (6.9 years earlier (95% CI 4.1 to 9.7)), current cigarette smoking (8.1 years (95% CI 6.1 to 10.0)), overweight (Body Mass Index, BMI >25) and obesity (BMI>30) (5.2 years (95% CI 2.6 to 7.9)). In women, hormone replacement therapy was also associated with earlier age of first ACS (4.8 years earlier (95% CI 0.3 to 8.4)). After multivariable adjustment for TRFs, a 1 SD increment in the GRS was associated with a 1.0 (95% CI 0.1 to 2.0) year earlier age of first ACS. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with a first ACS, a GRS composed of 30 SNPs is associated with younger age of presentation. Although genetic predisposition modestly contributes to earlier ACS, a heavy burden of TRF is associated with markedly earlier ACS.
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Musunuru K, Hickey KT, Al-Khatib SM, Delles C, Fornage M, Fox CS, Frazier L, Gelb BD, Herrington DM, Lanfear DE, Rosand J. Basic concepts and potential applications of genetics and genomics for cardiovascular and stroke clinicians: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:216-42. [PMID: 25561044 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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146
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Franceschini N, Hu Y, Reiner AP, Buyske S, Nalls M, Yanek LR, Li Y, Hindorff LA, Cole SA, Howard BV, Stafford JM, Carty CL, Sethupathy P, Martin LW, Lin DY, Johnson KC, Becker LC, North KE, Dehghan A, Bis JC, Liu Y, Greenland P, Manson JE, Maeda N, Garcia M, Harris TB, Becker DM, O'Donnell C, Heiss G, Kooperberg C, Boerwinkle E. Prospective associations of coronary heart disease loci in African Americans using the MetaboChip: the PAGE study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113203. [PMID: 25542012 PMCID: PMC4277270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in African Americans. However, there is a paucity of studies assessing genetic determinants of CHD in African Americans. We examined the association of published variants in CHD loci with incident CHD, attempted to fine map these loci, and characterize novel variants influencing CHD risk in African Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS Up to 8,201 African Americans (including 546 first CHD events) were genotyped using the MetaboChip array in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and Women's Health Initiative (WHI). We tested associations using Cox proportional hazard models in sex- and study-stratified analyses and combined results using meta-analysis. Among 44 validated CHD loci available in the array, we replicated and fine-mapped the SORT1 locus, and showed same direction of effects as reported in studies of individuals of European ancestry for SNPs in 22 additional published loci. We also identified a SNP achieving array wide significance (MYC: rs2070583, allele frequency 0.02, P = 8.1 × 10(-8)), but the association did not replicate in an additional 8,059 African Americans (577 events) from the WHI, HealthABC and GeneSTAR studies, and in a meta-analysis of 5 cohort studies of European ancestry (24,024 individuals including 1,570 cases of MI and 2,406 cases of CHD) from the CHARGE Consortium. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that some CHD loci previously identified in individuals of European ancestry may be relevant to incident CHD in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yijuan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics & Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mike Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lucia A. Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Barbara V. Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeanette M. Stafford
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cara L. Carty
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Genetics Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa W. Martin
- Cardiovascular Institute, the George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Dan-Yu Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen C. Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Philip Greenland
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Kessler T, Kaess B, Bourier F, Erdmann J, Schunkert H. [Genetic analyses as basis for a personalized medicine in patients with coronary artery disease]. Herz 2014; 39:186-93. [PMID: 24464254 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-4048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) entered new dimensions using genome-wide association studies. The current situation is that 46 chromosomal loci have been identified to be associated with CAD with genome-wide significance, i.e. p<5×10(-8), in Western Europeans. As the individual DNA sequence remains unchanged after fertilization, the risk variants cannot occur due to confounders, such as secondary disease processes. Thus, it can be proposed that these variants are directly affecting a primary and thereby causal pathophysiological process in CAD. Interestingly, only 20% of the effects mediated by the identified loci can be explained by the influence of traditional risk factors. This implies that yet unknown mechanisms and, as a consequence, new therapeutic targets play an important role in the pathophysiology of CAD. However, the high allele frequency of risk loci was also surprising. In the diploid chromosome set Western European individuals carry on average 30-50 risk variants at the 46 loci. Considering this, every individual in the population carries a larger or smaller genetic predisposition for CAD. On the other hand it is remarkable that many risk allele carriers seem to be able to compensate the genetic risk: even in old age not everyone suffers from CAD. This indicates yet unknown gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and limits the current possibilities in individual risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, München, Deutschland
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Gao H, Li L, Rao S, Shen G, Xi Q, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wang K, Ellis SG, Chen Q, Topol EJ, Wang QK. Genome-wide linkage scan identifies two novel genetic loci for coronary artery disease: in GeneQuest families. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113935. [PMID: 25485937 PMCID: PMC4259362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified >50 common variants associated with CAD or its complication myocardial infarction (MI), but collectively they account for <20% of heritability, generating a phenomena of “missing heritability”. Rare variants with large effects may account for a large portion of missing heritability. Genome-wide linkage studies of large families and follow-up fine mapping and deep sequencing are particularly effective in identifying rare variants with large effects. Here we show results from a genome-wide linkage scan for CAD in multiplex GeneQuest families with early onset CAD and MI. Whole genome genotyping was carried out with 408 markers that span the human genome by every 10 cM and linkage analyses were performed using the affected relative pair analysis implemented in GENEHUNTER. Affected only nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis identified two novel CAD loci with highly significant evidence of linkage on chromosome 3p25.1 (peak NPL = 5.49) and 3q29 (NPL = 6.84). We also identified four loci with suggestive linkage on 9q22.33, 9q34.11, 17p12, and 21q22.3 (NPL = 3.18–4.07). These results identify novel loci for CAD and provide a framework for fine mapping and deep sequencing to identify new susceptibility genes and novel variants associated with risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiang Gao
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology and School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Gongqing Shen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Quansheng Xi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Stephen G. Ellis
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Topol
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EJT); (QKW)
| | - Qing K. Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (EJT); (QKW)
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Schaefer AS, Bochenek G, Jochens A, Ellinghaus D, Dommisch H, Güzeldemir-Akçakanat E, Graetz C, Harks I, Jockel-Schneider Y, Weinspach K, Meyle J, Eickholz P, Linden GJ, Cine N, Nohutcu R, Weiss E, Houri-Haddad Y, Iraqi F, Folwaczny M, Noack B, Strauch K, Gieger C, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Wijmenga C, Yilmaz E, Lieb W, Rosenstiel P, Doerfer C, Bruckmann C, Erdmann J, König I, Jepsen S, Loos BG, Schreiber S. Genetic evidence for PLASMINOGEN as a shared genetic risk factor of coronary artery disease and periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:159-67. [PMID: 25466412 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies demonstrated the presence of risk alleles in the genes ANRIL and CAMTA1/VAMP3 that are shared between coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis. We aimed to identify further shared genetic risk factors to better understand conjoint disease mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS In-depth genotyping of 46 published CAD risk loci of genome-wide significance in the worldwide largest case-control sample of the severe early-onset phenotype aggressive periodontitis (AgP) with the Illumina Immunochip (600 German AgP cases, 1448 controls) and the Affymetrix 500K array set (283 German AgP cases and 972 controls) highlighted ANRIL as the major risk gene and revealed further associations with AgP for the gene PLASMINOGEN (PLG; rs4252120: P=5.9×10(-5); odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-1.4 [adjusted for smoking and sex]; 818 cases; 5309 controls). Subsequent combined analyses of several genome-wide data sets of CAD and AgP suggested TGFBRAP1 to be associated with AgP (rs2679895: P=0.0016; odds ratio, 1.27 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.5]; 703 cases; 2.143 controls) and CAD (P=0.0003; odds ratio, 0.84 [95% confidence interval, 0.8-0.9]; n=4117 cases; 5824 controls). The study further provides evidence that in addition to PLG, the currently known shared susceptibility loci of CAD and periodontitis, ANRIL and CAMTA1/VAMP3, are subjected to transforming growth factor-β regulation. CONCLUSIONS PLG is the third replicated shared genetic risk factor of atherosclerosis and periodontitis. All known shared risk genes of CAD and periodontitis are members of transforming growth factor-β signaling.
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Kessler T, Erdmann J, Schunkert H. [Importance of modern genome-wide studies for the risk of myocardial infarction]. Internist (Berl) 2014; 55:141-7. [PMID: 24399470 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-013-3304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The individual genetic susceptibility is a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The search for the genetic background and the subsequently altered molecular mechanisms has been ineffective for several years. The increase in genome-wide association studies in recent years has changed the scenario and more than 40 variants have so far been identified to be highly significantly associated with CAD and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Whereas most of these findings affect frequent polymorphisms, exome-wide sequencing in families with a high prevalence of CAD revealed mutations with a high penetrance and as a consequence a high risk of suffering from MI. The findings allow a deeper insight into functional mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the data enables validation of the numerous epidemiologically identified risk markers with respect to the causal role in the development of CAD, making the genetic architecture of CAD much more transparent. Nevertheless, individual risk prediction has only made weak progress in the face of the new findings. Every individual without exception carries numerous risk alleles even when the number and effect strength shows individual differences. Thus, a varying degree of genetic susceptibility is shared by all of us. Current research is therefore focusing on the functional integration of genetic information to discover new approaches to prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kessler
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, München, Deutschland
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