101
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Kong Y, Akatsuka S, Motooka Y, Zheng H, Cheng Z, Shiraki Y, Mashimo T, Imaoka T, Toyokuni S. BRCA1 haploinsufficiency promotes chromosomal amplification under fenton reaction-based carcinogenesis through ferroptosis-resistance. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102356. [PMID: 35667247 PMCID: PMC9168618 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline-mutation in BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene is an established risk for carcinogenesis not only in females but also in males. Deficiency in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks is hypothesized as a responsible mechanism for carcinogenesis. However, supporting data is insufficient both in the mutation spectra of cancers in the patients with BRCA1 germline-mutation and in murine knockout/knock-in models of Brca1 haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, information on the driving force toward carcinogenesis in BRCA1 mutation carriers is lacking. Here we applied Fenton reaction-based renal carcinogenesis to a rat heterozygously knockout model of BRCA1 haploinsufficiency (mutant [MUT] model; L63X/+). Rat MUT model revealed significant promotion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA). Array-based comparative genome hybridization of the RCCs identified significant increase in chromosomal amplification, syntenic to those in breast cancers of BRCA1 mutation carriers, including c-Myc, in comparison to those in the wild-type. Subacute-phase analysis of the kidney after repeated Fe-NTA treatment in the MUT model revealed dysregulated iron metabolism with mitochondrial malfunction assessed by expression microarray and electron microscopy, leading to renal tubular proliferation with iron overload. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrate that biallelic wild-type BRCA1 provides more robust protection for mitochondrial metabolism under iron-catalyzed oxidative stress, preventing the emergence of neoplastic cells with chromosomal amplification. Our results suggest that oxidative stress via excess iron is a major driving force for carcinogenesis in BRCA1 haploinsufficiency, which can be a target for cancer prevention and therapeutics. Rat BRCA1 haploinsufficiency promoted Fenton reaction-based renal carcinogenesis. BRCA1 haploinsufficiency allowed chromosomal amplification under excess iron. BRCA1 haploinsufficiency caused more mitochondrial damage with ferroptosis resistance.
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102
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Donati M, Martinek P, Steiner P, Grossmann P, Vanecek T, Kastnerova L, Kolm I, Baneckova M, Donati P, Kletskaya I, Kalmykova A, Feit J, Blasch P, Szilagyi D, Baldi A, Persichetti P, Crescenzi A, Michal M, Kazakov DV. Novel insights into the BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumor. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:664-675. [PMID: 34857909 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumor (BIMT) is a group of melanocytic neoplasms with epithelioid cell morphology molecularly characterized by the loss of function of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3p21, and a mutually exclusive mitogenic driver mutation, more commonly BRAF. BIMTs can occur as a sporadic lesion or, less commonly, in the setting of an autosomal dominant cancer susceptibility syndrome caused by a BAP1 germline inactivating mutation. Owing to the frequent identification of remnants of a conventional nevus, BIMTs are currently classified within the group of combined melanocytic nevi. "Pure" lesions can also be observed. We studied 50 BIMTs from 36 patients. Most lesions were composed of epithelioid melanocytes of varying size and shapes, resulting extreme cytomorphological heterogeneity. Several distinctive morphological variants of multinucleated/giant cells were identified. Some hitherto underrecognized microscopic features, especially regarding nuclear characteristics included nuclear blebbing, nuclear budding, micronuclei, shadow nuclei, peculiar cytoplasmic projections (ant-bear cells) often containing micronuclei and cell-in-cell structures (entosis). In addition, there were mixed nests of conventional and BAP1-inactivated melanocytes and squeezed remnants of the original nevus. Of the 26 lesions studied, 24 yielded a BRAF mutation, while in the remaining two cases there was a RAF1 fusion. BAP1 biallelic and singe allele mutations were found in 4/22 and 16/24 neoplasms, respectively. In five patients, there was a BAP1 germline mutation. Six novel, previously unreported BAP1 mutations have been identified. BAP1 heterozygous loss was detected in 11/22 lesions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for copy number changes revealed a related amplification of both RREB1 and MYC genes in one tumor, whereas the remaining 20 lesions studied were negative; no TERT-p mutation was found in 14 studied neoplasms. Tetraploidy was identified in 5/21 BIMTs. Of the 21 patients with available follow-up, only one child had a locoregional lymph node metastasis. Our results support a progression of BIMTs from a conventional BRAF mutated in which the original nevus is gradually replaced by epithelioid BAP1-inactivated melanocytes. Some features suggest more complex underlying pathophysiological events that need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Donati
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Liubov Kastnerova
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Baneckova
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Irina Kletskaya
- Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Josef Feit
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Blasch
- Department of Pathology, Regional Hospital, Hranice, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Szilagyi
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alfonso Baldi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Persichetti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Michal Michal
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V Kazakov
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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103
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BAP1-defficient breast cancer in a patient with BAP1 cancer syndrome. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:921-927. [PMID: 35381901 PMCID: PMC9385750 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BAP1 cancer syndrome is a rare and highly penetrant hereditary cancer predisposition. Uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and cutaneous melanoma are considered BAP1 cancer syndrome core cancers, whereas association with breast cancer has previously been suggested but not confirmed so far. In view of BAP1 immunomodulatory functions, BAP1 alterations could prove useful as possible biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in patients with BAP1-associated cancers. We present a case of a patient with BAP1 cancer syndrome who developed a metastatic breast cancer with loss of BAP1 demonstrated on immunohistochemistry. She carried a germline BAP1 likely pathogenic variant (c.898_899delAG p.(Arg300Glyfs*6)). In addition, tumor tissue sequencing identified a concurrent somatic variant in BAP1 (partial deletion of exon 12) and a low tumor mutational burden. As her triple negative tumor was shown to be PD-L1 positive, the patient was treated with combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel. She had a complete and sustained response to immunotherapy even after discontinuation of nab-paclitaxel. This case strengthens the evidence for including breast cancer in the BAP1 cancer syndrome tumor spectrum with implications for future cancer prevention programs. It also indicates immune checkpoint inhibitors might prove to be an effective treatment for BAP1-deficient breast cancer.
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104
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Carbone M, Pass HI, Ak G, Alexander HR, Baas P, Baumann F, Blakely AM, Bueno R, Bzura. A, Cardillo G, Churpek JE, Dianzani I, De Rienzo A, Emi M, Emri S, Felley-Bosco E, Fennell DA, Flores RM, Grosso F, Hayward NK, Hesdorffer M, Hoang CD, Johansson PA, Kindler HL, Kittaneh M, Krausz T, Mansfield A, Metintas M, Minaai M, Mutti L, Nielsen M, O’Byrne K, Opitz I, Pastorino S, Pentimalli F, de Perrot M, Pritchard A, Ripley RT, Robinson B, Rusch V, Taioli E, Takinishi Y, Tanji M, Tsao AS, Tuncer AM, Walpole S, Wolf A, Yang H, Yoshikawa Y, Zolodnick A, Schrump DS, Hassan R. Medical and surgical care of mesothelioma patients and their relatives carrying germline BAP1 mutations. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:873-889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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105
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Asbestos and Other Hazardous Fibrous Minerals: Potential Exposure Pathways and Associated Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074031. [PMID: 35409711 PMCID: PMC8998304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There are six elongate mineral particles (EMPs) corresponding to specific dimensional and morphological criteria, known as asbestos. Responsible for health issues including asbestosis, and malignant mesothelioma, asbestos has been well researched. Despite this, significant exposure continues to occur throughout the world, potentially affecting 125 million people in the workplace and causing thousands of deaths annually from exposure in homes. However, there are other EMPS, such as fibrous/asbestiform erionite, that are classified as carcinogens and have been linked to cancers in areas where it has been incorporated into local building materials or released into the environment through earthmoving activities. Erionite is a more potent carcinogen than asbestos but as it is seldom used for commercial purposes, exposure pathways have been less well studied. Despite the apparent similarities between asbestos and fibrous erionite, their health risks and exposure pathways are quite different. This article examines the hazards presented by EMPs with a particular focus on fibrous erionite. It includes a discussion of the global locations of erionite and similar hazardous minerals, a comparison of the multiple exposure pathways for asbestos and fibrous erionite, a brief discussion of the confusing nomenclature associated with EMPs, and considerations of increasing global mesothelioma cases.
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106
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Li CY, Kennedy T, Alexander HR. Treatment of Patients with Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071891. [PMID: 35407498 PMCID: PMC8999919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare malignancy arising from the serosa of the peritoneal cavity. It is diagnosed based on suspicious findings on cross sectional imaging and a tissue biopsy showing confirmatory histologic and immunohistochemical features. The disease is hallmarked by its propensity to progress mainly in the peritoneal cavity. In selected patients, surgical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intra-operative peritoneal chemotherapy has become the initial preferred treatment and is associated with provide prolonged in many patients. Systemic chemotherapy using a couplet of cisplatin or gemcitabine with pemetrexed has modest response rates and duration of response. Expression of PD-L1 has been demonstrated in peritoneal mesothelioma tumors and there has been significant interest in the use of check point blockade targeted against PD-L1 in this clinical setting. Future clinical research using a combination of check point blockade with surgical cytoreduction is a high clinical priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Y. Li
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Timothy Kennedy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Henry Richard Alexander
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
- Correspondence:
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107
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Ajaz S, Zaidi SEZ, Ali S, Siddiqa A, Memon MA. Germline Mutation Analysis in Sporadic Breast Cancer Cases With Clinical Correlations. Front Genet 2022; 13:820610. [PMID: 35356428 PMCID: PMC8959921 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.820610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographics for breast cancers vary widely among nations. The frequency of germline mutations in breast cancers, which reflects the hereditary cases, has not been investigated adequately and accurately in highly-consanguineous Pakistani population. In the present discovery case series, germ-line mutations in twenty-seven breast cancer candidate genes were investigated in eighty-four sporadic breast cancer patients along with the clinical correlations. The germ-line variants were also assessed in two healthy gender-matched controls. The clinico-pathological features were evaluated by descriptive analysis and Pearson χ2 test (with significant p-value <0.05). The most frequent parameters associated with hereditary cancer cases are age and ethnicity. Therefore, the analyses were stratified on the basis of age (≤40 years vs. >40 years) and ethnicity. The breast cancer gene panel assay was carried out by BROCA, which is a genomic capture, massively parallel next generation sequencing assay on Illumina Hiseq2000 with 100bp read lengths. Copy number variations were determined by partially-mapped read algorithm. Once the mutation was identified, it was validated by Sanger sequencing. The ethnic analysis stratified on the basis of age showed that the frequency of breast cancer at young age (≤40 years) was higher in Sindhis (n = 12/19; 64%) in contrast to patients in other ethnic groups. Majority of the patients had stage III (38.1%), grade III (50%), tumor size 2–5 cm (54.8%), and invasive ductal carcinoma (81%). Overall, the analysis revealed germ-line mutations in 11.9% of the patients, which was not significantly associated with younger age or any particular ethnicity. The mutational spectrum was restricted to three genes: BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. The identified mutations consist of seven novel germ-line mutations, while three mutations have been reported previously. All the mutations are predicted to result in protein truncation. No mutations were identified in the remaining twenty-four candidate breast cancer genes. The present study provides the framework for the development of hereditary-based preventive and treatment strategies against breast cancers in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ajaz
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sadia Ajaz, ,
| | - Sani-e-Zehra Zaidi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saleema Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Siddiqa
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
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108
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Hu ZI, Miettinen M, Quezado M, Lebensohn AP, Aldape K, Agra M, Wagner C, Mallory Y, Hassan R, Ghafoor A. Meningiomas in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Harboring Germline BAP1 Mutations. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:461-466. [PMID: 34628055 PMCID: PMC10512124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BAP1 is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in DNA repair and cell growth. Individuals with germline BAP1 mutations are at a significantly increased risk for developing many different cancers including malignant mesothelioma, uveal melanomas, cutaneous melanomas and renal clear cell carcinomas. Meningiomas with absent BAP1 expression have been reported to be more aggressive and present often with rhabdoid features. Here, we report the co-occurrence of pleural mesotheliomas and meningiomas in patients with germline BAP1 mutations. We describe the cancer history, family pedigrees, clinical management, and outcomes of four BAP1 germline mutation carrier families with a history of malignant mesothelioma and meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo I Hu
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandra P Lebensohn
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Agra
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cathy Wagner
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Mallory
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Azam Ghafoor
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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109
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Yaghy A, Lim LA, Mashayekhi A, Shields CL. BAP1 GERMLINE MUTATION WITH IRIDOCILIOCHOROIDAL MELANOMA AND MALIGNANT PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:194-198. [PMID: 31895725 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BAP1 germline mutation can promote risk of uveal melanoma and mesothelioma. In this study, we report a patient with BAP1 germline mutation and uveal melanoma who developed a rare form of mesothelioma in the peritoneum. METHOD Case report. RESULTS A 55-year-old white man noted blurred vision in the left eye. Examination revealed superotemporal episcleral sentinel vessels and a dark brown iris mass suspicious for melanoma, with angle invasion and involvement of the ciliochoroidal region. The tumor measured 14 mm in diameter and 10.3 mm in thickness. A diagnosis of iridociliochoroidal melanoma was rendered and plaque radiotherapy applied. Genetic testing revealed BAP1 germline mutation. At 3.5-year follow-up, tumor control was achieved, but radiation-related complications led to enucleation. At 5.5-year follow-up, incidental findings by laparoscopy revealed multiple peritoneal tumors, histopathologically proven to be malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Lung evaluation was normal, and there was no melanoma-related or mesothelioma-related metastasis. Likewise, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed no evidence of hepatic metastasis. CONCLUSION BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome can promote risk of uveal melanoma and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Cancer screening for these malignancies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Yaghy
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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110
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Puri S, Chiu YH, Draczkowski P, Ko KT, Yang TJ, Wang YS, Uchiyama S, Danny Hsu ST. Impacts of cancer-associated mutations on the structure-activity relationship of BAP1. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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111
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Tsao AS, Pass HI, Rimner A, Mansfield AS. New Era for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Updates on Therapeutic Options. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:681-692. [PMID: 34985934 PMCID: PMC8853621 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy with few treatment options. Recent advances have led to US Food and Drug Administration approvals and changes in the standard of care with a novel biomedical device approved for use with platinum-pemetrexed, and also for immunotherapy agents to be included as a frontline treatment option in unresectable disease. Although predictive biomarkers for systemic therapy are not currently in use in clinical practice, it is essential to correctly identify the MPM histology to determine an optimal treatment plan. Patients with nonepithelioid MPM may have a greater magnitude of benefit to dual immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors and this regimen should be preferred in the frontline setting for these patients. However, all patients with MPM can derive benefit from immunotherapy treatments, and these agents should ultimately be used at some point during their treatment journey. There are ongoing studies in the frontline unresectable setting that may further define the frontline therapy space, but a critical area of research will need to focus on the immunotherapy refractory population. This review article will describe the new developments in the areas of biology with genomics and chromothripsis, and also focus on updates in treatment strategies in radiology, surgery, radiation, and medical oncology with cellular therapies. These recent innovations are generating momentum to find better therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. Tsao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic & Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Houston, TX,Anne S. Tsao, MD, MBA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 432, Houston, TX 77030; e-mail:
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Andreas Rimner
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY
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112
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Puri S, Hsu STD. Oxidation of catalytic cysteine of human deubiquitinase BAP1 triggers misfolding and aggregation in addition to functional loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:57-62. [PMID: 35176625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) form a large protease family involved in a myriad of biological and pathological processes, including ROS sensors. ROS-mediated inhibition of their DUB activities is critical for fine-tuning the stress-activated signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) domain of BAP1 (BAP1-UCH) is highly sensitive to moderate oxidative stress. Oxidation of the catalytic C91 significantly destabilizes BAP1-UCH and increases the population of partially unfolded form, which is prone to aggregation. Unlike other DUBs, the oxidation-induced structural and functional loss of BAP1-UCH cannot be fully reversed by reducing agents. The oligomerization of oxidized BAP1-UCH is attributed to inter-molecular disulfide bond formation. Hydrogen-deuterium mass exchange spectrometry (HDX-MS) reveals increased fluctuations of the central β-sheet upon oxidation. Our findings suggest that oxidation-mediated functional loss and increased aggregation propensity may contribute to oncogenesis associated with BAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Puri
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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113
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Sculco M, La Vecchia M, Aspesi A, Pinton G, Clavenna MG, Casalone E, Allione A, Grosso F, Libener R, Muzio A, Rena O, Baietto G, Parini S, Boldorini R, Giachino D, Papotti M, Scagliotti GV, Migliore E, Mirabelli D, Moro L, Magnani C, Ferrante D, Matullo G, Dianzani I. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: Germline variants in DNA repair genes may steer tailored treatment. Eur J Cancer 2022; 163:44-54. [PMID: 35032816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a tumour associated with asbestos exposure. Approximately, 10% of patients with MPM carry a germline pathogenic variant (PV), mostly in DNA repair genes, suggesting the occurrence of inherited predispositions. AIM This article aimed to 1) search for new predisposing genes and assess the prevalence of PVs in DNA repair genes, by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of germline DNA from 113 unselected patients with MPM and 2) evaluate whether these patients could be sensitive to tailored treatments. METHODS NGS was performed using a custom panel of 107 cancer-predisposing genes. To investigate the response to selected drugs in conditions of DNA repair insufficiency, we created a three-dimensional-MPM cell model that had a defect in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the master regulator of DNA repair. RESULTS We identified PVs in approximately 7% of patients with MPM (8/113) and a new PV in BAP1 in a further patient with familial MPM. Most of these PVs were in genes involved or supposedly involved in DNA repair (BRCA1, BRIP1, CHEK2, SLX4, FLCN and BAP1). In vitro studies showed apoptosis induction in ATM-silenced/inhibited MPM spheroids treated with an enhancer of zeste homologue 2 inhibitor (tazemetostat). CONCLUSIONS Overall these data suggest that patients with MPM and DNA repair insufficiency may benefit from this treatment, which induces synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela G Clavenna
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Grosso
- Mesothelioma Unit, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Muzio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Casale Monferrato (Alessandria), Italy
| | - Ottavio Rena
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Baietto
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Parini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pathological Anatomy, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Giachino
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università di Torino, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, (Torino), Italy
| | | | - Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, Università di Torino, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CPO-Piemonte and Università di Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CPO-Piemonte and Università di Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", Università di Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Statistics, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Cancer Epidemiology, CPO Piemonte, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Statistics, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Cancer Epidemiology, CPO Piemonte, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università di Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", Università di Torino, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, AOU Città Della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy.
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", Università di Torino, Italy.
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114
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Sauter JL, Dacic S, Galateau-Salle F, Attanoos RL, Butnor KJ, Churg A, Husain AN, Kadota K, Khoor A, Nicholson AG, Roggli V, Schmitt F, Tsao MS, Travis WD. The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Pleura: Advances since the 2015 Classification. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:608-622. [PMID: 35026477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Significant changes in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Pleura and Pericardium since the 2015 WHO Classification include: 1) Pleural and pericardial tumors have been combined in one chapter whereas in the 2015 WHO, pericardial tumors were classified with cardiac tumors; 2) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) has been renamed well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor (WDPMT) given growing evidence that these tumors exhibit relatively indolent behavior; 3) Localized and diffuse mesothelioma no longer include the term "malignant" as a prefix; 4) Mesothelioma in situ (MIS) has been added to the 2021 classification since these lesions can now be recognized by loss of BAP1 and/or MTAP by immunohistochemistry and/or CDKN2A homozygous deletion by FISH; 5) The three main histologic subtypes (i.e. epithelioid, biphasic and sarcomatoid) remain the same but architectural patterns, cytologic and stromal features are more formally incorporated into the 2021 classification based on their prognostic significance; 6) Nuclear grading for epithelioid diffuse mesothelioma is introduced and it is recommended to record this and other histologically prognostic features in pathology reports; 7) BAP1, EZH2 and MTAP immunohistochemistry have been shown to be useful in separating benign mesothelial proliferations from mesothelioma; 8) Biphasic mesothelioma can be diagnosed in small biopsies showing both epithelioid and sarcomatoid components even if the amount of one component is less than 10%; and 9) The most frequently altered genes in diffuse pleural mesothelioma include BAP 1, CDKN2A, NF2, TP53, SETD2 and SETB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sauter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States.
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Francoise Galateau-Salle
- MESOPATH Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France, Unit of Cancer Research Center INSERM U1052-CNRS5286R, Lyon France
| | - Richard L Attanoos
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly J Butnor
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Andrew Churg
- Dept of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aliya N Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
| | - Andras Khoor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- RISE@Cintesis, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal; Unit of Molecular Pathology of IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
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115
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Terra S, Roden AC, Yi ES, Aubry MC, Boland JM. Loss of Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase by Immunohistochemistry Is Common in Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:33-39. [PMID: 34463336 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Differentiating malignant pleural mesothelioma from benign reactive mesothelial processes can be quite challenging. Ancillary tests such as BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) immunohistochemistry and p16 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are helpful tools to aid in this distinction. Immunohistochemistry for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) has recently been proposed as an effective surrogate marker for p16 FISH and is an attractive alternative test due to shorter turnaround time. There are little data regarding the specificity of MTAP loss for mesothelioma or whether it may be useful to distinguish mesothelioma from the most common entity in the differential diagnosis, sarcomatoid carcinoma. METHODS We studied well-characterized cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma (n = 34) and sarcomatoid mesothelioma (n = 62), which were stained for MTAP (clone 2G4) and BAP1 (clone C-4). RESULTS Loss of MTAP expression was observed in 17 (50%) of 34 pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas; BAP1 expression was retained in all of the cases in which it was performed (n = 31). MTAP expression was lost in 38 (61%) of 62 sarcomatoid mesotheliomas; BAP1 was lost in 6 (10%) of 62. In the six cases with BAP1 loss, five also had loss of MTAP, while MTAP expression was retained in one. CONCLUSIONS Loss of MTAP expression by immunohistochemistry is common in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma, as it is present in half of cases. This rate is similar to what is observed in sarcomatoid mesothelioma (61%). Therefore, this stain is not useful to distinguish between these two malignancies. MTAP loss is more common than BAP1 loss in the setting of sarcomatoid mesothelioma (61% vs 10%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Terra
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anja C Roden
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eunhee S Yi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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116
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Aldrian D, Neu N, Oberhuber G, Kropshofer G, Müller T, Vogel GF. Pediatric Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma With Meningeal Metastasis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e272-e274. [PMID: 33633025 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely rare entity with a poor prognosis. We report on a 16-year-old boy with ascites and abdominal distension. A computed tomography scan showed peritoneal thickening and a mass adjacent to the transverse colon. Neither repeated cytologic testing of ascitic fluid, nor peritoneal tissue biopsy detected malignant cells. After the patient became progressively comatose, a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain showed leptomeningeal enhancement. An autopsy showed MPM infiltrating the pleura and the meninges. This is the first report on meningeal metastasis of MPM in a pediatric patient illustrating the enigmatic behavior of the tumor and highlighting the diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Oberhuber
- INNPATH, Tirol-Kliniken University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Georg-Friedrich Vogel
- Department of Paediatrics I
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck
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117
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Truong H, Carlo MI. Hereditary Cancer and Genetics in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89891-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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118
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Benusiglio PR, Fallet V, Sanchis-Borja M, Coulet F, Cadranel J. Lung cancer is also a hereditary disease. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/210045. [PMID: 34670806 PMCID: PMC9488670 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0045-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic genetic variants (formerly called mutations) present in the germline of some individuals are associated with a clinically relevant increased risk of developing lung cancer. These germline pathogenic variants are hereditary and are transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. There are two major lung cancer susceptibility syndromes, and both seem to be specifically associated with the adenocarcinoma subtype. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is caused by variants in the TP53 tumour-suppressor gene. Carriers are mainly at risk of early-onset breast cancer, sarcoma, glioma, leukaemia, adrenal cortical carcinoma and lung cancer. EGFR variants, T790M in particular, cause the EGFR susceptibility syndrome. Risk seems limited to lung cancer. Emerging data suggest that variants in ATM, the breast and pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene, also increase lung adenocarcinoma risk. As for inherited lung disease, cancer risk is increased in SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 variant carriers independently of the underlying fibrosis. In this review, we provide criteria warranting the referral of a lung cancer patient to the cancer genetics clinic. Pathogenic variants are first identified in patients with cancer, and then in a subset of their relatives. Lung cancer screening should be offered to asymptomatic carriers, with thoracic magnetic resonance imaging at its core. A proportion of lung cancers are hereditary. This includes patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and patients with EGFR-associated genetic susceptibility. They are mainly young patients with adenocarcinoma regardless of smoking history.https://bit.ly/2QAfjnB
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Benusiglio
- UF d'Oncogénétique clinique, Département de Génétique et Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, DMU BioGeM, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 et SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Fallet
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, DMU APPROCHES, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,GRC04 Theranoscan, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mateo Sanchis-Borja
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, DMU APPROCHES, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coulet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 et SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Paris, France.,UF d'Onco-angiogénétique et génomique des tumeurs solides, Département de Génétique, DMU BioGeM, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, DMU APPROCHES, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France .,GRC04 Theranoscan, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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119
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Boyraz B, Hung YP. Spindle Cell Tumors of the Pleura and the Peritoneum: Pathologic Diagnosis and Updates. APMIS 2021; 130:140-154. [PMID: 34942046 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A diverse group of both benign and malignant spindle cell tumors can involve the pleura or the peritoneum. Due to their rarity and overlapping morphologic features, these tumors can pose considerable diagnostic difficulty in surgical pathology. As these tumors differ in their prognosis and clinical management, their correct pathologic diagnosis is critical. In addition to histologic assessment, select immunohistochemical and molecular tools can aid the distinction among these tumors. In this review, we consider some of the major histologic differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumors involving these serosal membranes. This list of tumors includes: solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, desmoid fibromatosis, synovial sarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, spindle cell melanoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. We describe their salient clinicopathologic and genetic findings, with a review on some of the recent discoveries on their molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Boyraz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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120
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Abstract
Peritoneal surface malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of primary tumours, including peritoneal mesothelioma, and peritoneal metastases of other tumours, including ovarian, gastric, colorectal, appendicular or pancreatic cancers. The pathophysiology of peritoneal malignancy is complex and not fully understood. The two main hypotheses are the transformation of mesothelial cells (peritoneal primary tumour) and shedding of cells from a primary tumour with implantation of cells in the peritoneal cavity (peritoneal metastasis). Diagnosis is challenging and often requires modern imaging and interventional techniques, including surgical exploration. In the past decade, new treatments and multimodal strategies helped to improve patient survival and quality of life and the premise that peritoneal malignancies are fatal diseases has been dismissed as management strategies, including complete cytoreductive surgery embedded in perioperative systemic chemotherapy, can provide cure in selected patients. Furthermore, intraperitoneal chemotherapy has become an important part of combination treatments. Improving locoregional treatment delivery to enhance penetration to tumour nodules and reduce systemic uptake is one of the most active research areas. The current main challenges involve not only offering the best treatment option and developing intraperitoneal therapies that are equivalent to current systemic therapies but also defining the optimal treatment sequence according to primary tumour, disease extent and patient preferences. New imaging modalities, less invasive surgery, nanomedicines and targeted therapies are the basis for a new era of intraperitoneal therapy and are beginning to show encouraging outcomes.
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121
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Hajj GNM, Cavarson CH, Pinto CAL, Venturi G, Navarro JR, Lima VCCD. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update. J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20210129. [PMID: 34909922 PMCID: PMC8836658 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are rare types of cancers that affect the mesothelial surfaces, usually the pleura and peritoneum. They are associated with asbestos exposure, but due to a latency period of more than 30 years and difficult diagnosis, most cases are not detected until they reach advanced stages. Treatment options for this tumor type are very limited and survival ranges from 12 to 36 months. This review discusses the molecular physiopathology, current diagnosis, and latest therapeutic options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia N M Hajj
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Carolina H Cavarson
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Venturi
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,BP Mirante, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Vladmir C Cordeiro de Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Rede D'Or, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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122
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Gulati S, Previtera M, Lara PN. BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP-1) as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. KIDNEY CANCER 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The gene that encodes BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has been reported to be dysregulated in several human cancers such as uveal melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, thymic epithelial tumors, and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The gene is located on the human chromosome 3p21.3, encoding a deubiquitinase and acts as a classic two-hit tumor suppressor gene. BAP1 predominantly resides in the nucleus, where it interacts with several chromatin-associated factors, as well as regulates calcium signaling in the cytoplasm. As newer therapies continue to evolve for the management of RCC, it is important to understand the role of BAP1 mutation as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically evaluate the role of BAP1 mutations in patients with RCC in terms of its impact on prognosis and its role as a predictive biomarker. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search using PubMed and Embase through March 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened to identify articles for full-text and then a descriptive review was performed. RESULTS: A total of 490 articles were initially identified. Ultimately 71 articles that met our inclusion criteria published between 2012–2021 were included in the analysis. Data were extracted and organized to reflect the role of BAP1 alterations as a marker of prognosis as well as a marker of response to treatments, such as mTOR inhibitors, VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in BAP1 appear to be uniformly associated with poor prognosis in patients with RCC. Knowledge gaps remain with regard to the predictive relevance of BAP1 alterations, especially in the context of immunotherapy. Prospective studies are required to more precisely ascertain the predictive value of BAP1 alterations in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Gulati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Previtera
- Academic & Research Services Specialist, Donald C. Harrison Health Sciences Library, University of Cincinnati Libraries, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Primo N. Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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123
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Pediatric patient with peritoneal mesothelioma harboring ALK rearrangement. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpccr.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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124
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BAP1 forms a trimer with HMGB1 and HDAC1 that modulates gene × environment interaction with asbestos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111946118. [PMID: 34815344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111946118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriers of heterozygous germline BAP1 mutations (BAP1 +/-) are affected by the "BAP1 cancer syndrome." Although they can develop almost any cancer type, they are unusually susceptible to asbestos carcinogenesis and mesothelioma. Here we investigate why among all carcinogens, BAP1 mutations cooperate with asbestos. Asbestos carcinogenesis and mesothelioma have been linked to a chronic inflammatory process promoted by the extracellular release of the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). We report that BAP1 +/- cells secrete increased amounts of HMGB1, and that BAP1 +/- carriers have detectable serum levels of acetylated HMGB1 that further increase when they develop mesothelioma. We linked these findings to our discovery that BAP1 forms a trimeric protein complex with HMGB1 and with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) that modulates HMGB1 acetylation and its release. Reduced BAP1 levels caused increased ubiquitylation and degradation of HDAC1, leading to increased acetylation of HMGB1 and its active secretion that in turn promoted mesothelial cell transformation.
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125
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Pediatric Peritoneal Epithelial Malignant Mesothelioma Case Report. Case Rep Radiol 2021; 2021:5581757. [PMID: 34796034 PMCID: PMC8595014 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5581757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 14-year-old boy with peritoneal epithelial malignant mesothelioma (PEMM). While pathology is required to make this diagnosis, radiology plays a crucial role throughout the clinical course of this disease. The key imaging characteristics of peritoneal mesothelioma have been previously well-described in the adult population, but there are rare reports in the pediatric population. This pediatric report highlights the multidimensional use of imaging in this disease, from the initial evaluation to therapeutic supplementation and subsequent follow-up.
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126
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Marcus R, Ferri-Borgogno S, Hosein A, Foo WC, Ghosh B, Zhao J, Rajapakshe K, Brugarolas J, Maitra A, Gupta S. Oncogenic KRAS Requires Complete Loss of BAP1 Function for Development of Murine Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225709. [PMID: 34830866 PMCID: PMC8616431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary biliary malignancy that harbors a dismal prognosis. Oncogenic mutations of KRAS and loss-of-function mutations of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) have been identified as recurrent somatic alterations in ICC. However, an autochthonous genetically engineered mouse model of ICC that genocopies the co-occurrence of these mutations has never been developed. By crossing Albumin-Cre mice bearing conditional alleles of mutant Kras and/or floxed Bap1, Cre-mediated recombination within the liver was induced. Mice with hepatic expression of mutant KrasG12D alone (KA), bi-allelic loss of hepatic Bap1 (BhomoA), and heterozygous loss of Bap1 in conjunction with mutant KrasG12D expression (BhetKA) developed primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but no discernible ICC. In contrast, mice with homozygous loss of Bap1 in conjunction with mutant KrasG12D expression (BhomoKA) developed discrete foci of HCC and ICC. Further, the median survival of BhomoKA mice was significantly shorter at 24 weeks when compared to the median survival of ≥40 weeks in BhetKA mice and approximately 50 weeks in BhomoA and KA mice (p < 0.001). Microarray analysis performed on liver tissue from KA and BhomoKA mice identified differentially expressed genes in the setting of BAP1 loss and suggests that deregulation of ferroptosis might be one mechanism by which loss of BAP1 cooperates with oncogenic Ras in hepato-biliary carcinogenesis. Our autochthonous model provides an in vivo platform to further study this lethal class of neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Marcus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdel Hosein
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Advocate Aurora Health, Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic, Sheboygan, WI 53081, USA
| | - Wai Chin Foo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Bidyut Ghosh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (A.H.); (B.G.); (J.Z.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
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127
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Sidhu C, Louw A, Gary Lee YC. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Updates for Respiratory Physicians. Clin Chest Med 2021; 42:697-710. [PMID: 34774176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Sidhu
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia; School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Amber Louw
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia; School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia; School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
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128
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Durvalumab with platinum-pemetrexed for unresectable pleural mesothelioma: survival, genomic and immunologic analyses from the phase 2 PrE0505 trial. Nat Med 2021; 27:1910-1920. [PMID: 34750557 PMCID: PMC8604731 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a rare and fatal cancer with limited therapeutic options until the recent approval of combination immune checkpoint blockade. Here we report the results of the phase 2 PrE0505 trial (NCT02899195) of the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab plus platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy for 55 patients with previously untreated, unresectable pleural mesothelioma. The primary endpoint was overall survival compared to historical control with cisplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy; secondary and exploratory endpoints included safety, progression-free survival and biomarkers of response. The combination of durvalumab with chemotherapy met the pre-specified primary endpoint, reaching a median survival of 20.4 months versus 12.1 months with historical control. Treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with known side effects of chemotherapy, and all adverse events due to immunotherapy were grade 2 or lower. Integrated genomic and immune cell repertoire analyses revealed that a higher immunogenic mutation burden coupled with a more diverse T cell repertoire was linked to favorable clinical outcome. Structural genome-wide analyses showed a higher degree of genomic instability in responding tumors of epithelioid histology. Patients with germline alterations in cancer predisposing genes, especially those involved in DNA repair, were more likely to achieve long-term survival. Our findings indicate that concurrent durvalumab with platinum-based chemotherapy has promising clinical activity and that responses are driven by the complex genomic background of malignant pleural mesothelioma. In a phase 2 trial, the combination of chemotherapy with durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, exhibited promising clinical activity in patients with previously untreated, unresectable mesothelioma, with additional analyses providing insights into genomic and immunologic features potentially associated with response.
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129
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Aliagas E, Alay A, Martínez-Iniesta M, Hernández-Madrigal M, Cordero D, Gausachs M, Pros E, Saigí M, Busacca S, Sharkley AJ, Dawson A, Palmero R, Ruffinelli JC, Padrones S, Aso S, Escobar I, Ramos R, Llatjós R, Vidal A, Dorca E, Varela M, Sánchez-Céspedes M, Fennell D, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Villanueva A, Solé X, Nadal E. Efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in preclinical models of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1365-1376. [PMID: 34588615 PMCID: PMC8576019 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no effective therapy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) who progressed to platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy. METHODS We aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of MPM. RESULTS Based on publicly available transcriptomic data of MPM, patients with CDK4 or CDK6 overexpression had shorter overall survival. Treatment with abemaciclib or palbociclib at 100 nM significantly decreased cell proliferation in all cell models evaluated. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly induced G1 cell cycle arrest, thereby increasing cell senescence and increased the expression of interferon signalling pathway and tumour antigen presentation process in culture models of MPM. In vivo preclinical studies showed that palbociclib significantly reduced tumour growth and prolonged overall survival using distinct xenograft models of MPM implanted in athymic mice. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of MPM with CDK4/6 inhibitors decreased cell proliferation, mainly by promoting cell cycle arrest at G1 and by induction of cell senescence. Our preclinical studies provide evidence for evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors in the clinic for the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aliagas
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ania Alay
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Martínez-Iniesta
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Chemoresistance group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Hernández-Madrigal
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cordero
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Gausachs
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pros
- grid.429289.cCancer Genetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Badalona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Saigí
- grid.429289.cCancer Genetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Badalona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Busacca
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Annabel J. Sharkley
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262University of Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Dawson
- grid.412925.90000 0004 0400 6581Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ramón Palmero
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C. Ruffinelli
- grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Padrones
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samantha Aso
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Escobar
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ramos
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Llatjós
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Dorca
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Varela
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Sánchez-Céspedes
- grid.429289.cCancer Genetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Badalona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dean Fennell
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK ,grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Mesothelioma Research Programme, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Chemoresistance group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Solé
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT) group. Oncobell Program. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat (Barcelona), Campus Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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130
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Oncogenic Truncations of ASXL1 Enhance a Motif for BRD4 ET-Domain Binding. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167242. [PMID: 34536441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of gene-expression relies on specific protein-protein interactions between a myriad of epigenetic regulators. As such, mutation of genes encoding epigenetic regulators often drive cancer and developmental disorders. Additional sex combs-like protein 1 (ASXL1) is a key example, where mutations frequently drive haematological cancers and can cause developmental disorders. It has been reported that nonsense mutations in ASXL1 promote an interaction with BRD4, another central epigenetic regulator. Here we provide a molecular mechanism for the BRD4-ASXL1 interaction, demonstrating that a motif near to common truncation breakpoints of ASXL1 contains an epitope that binds the ET domain within BRD4. Binding-studies show that this interaction is analogous to common ET-binding modes of BRD4-interactors, and that all three ASX-like protein orthologs (ASXL1-3) contain a functional ET domain-binding epitope. Crucially, we observe that BRD4-ASXL1 binding is markedly increased in the prevalent ASXL1Y591X truncation that maintains the BRD4-binding epitope, relative to full-length ASXL1 or truncated proteins that delete the epitope. Together, these results show that ASXL1 truncation enhances BRD4 recruitment to transcriptional complexes via its ET domain, which could misdirect regulatory activity of either BRD4 or ASXL1 and may inform potential therapeutic interventions.
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131
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Gupta A, Vasileva A, Manthri S. The Rarest of the Rare: A Case of BAP1-Mutated Primary Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Cureus 2021; 13:e18380. [PMID: 34725624 PMCID: PMC8555483 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas (MM), as described are rare tumors that are mostly associated with occupational exposure to asbestos. They most commonly occur in the pleura. Other unfamiliar sites where they can occur are the peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis. There is no significant correlation between the amount and duration of asbestos exposure to mesothelioma development as reported by various studies over the years. Apart from the environmental exposure, the development of malignant mesothelioma has been linked to a mutation in the BAP1 gene, which can predispose the patient to develop other malignancies associated with BAP1 mutation. We report a case of a 43-year-old man without any significant risk factors, who presented with a complaint of abdominal discomfort and was found to have malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM). With a known familial history of mesothelioma and melanoma, our patient underwent genetic testing which revealed a mutation in BAP1, affirming the strong association with the development of MPM. Young patients who develop malignant mesothelioma without risk factors for MM should have germline testing for BAP1. This case report is unique and highlights a familial variant of mesothelioma, even rare with peritoneal mesothelioma in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Gupta
- Internal Medicine, St. Martinus University Faculty of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
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132
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Tokarz DA, Gruebbel MM, Willson GA, Hardisty JF, Pearse G, Cesta MF. Spontaneous Primary Pleural Mesothelioma in Fischer 344 (F344) and Other Rat Strains: A Retrospective Review. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:167-175. [PMID: 34727809 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211053631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous primary pleural mesotheliomas in Fischer 344 (F344) or other rat strains have rarely been reported. The objectives of this retrospective study were to develop historical incidence data and better characterize the light-microscopic morphology of these naturally occurring neoplasms in a large cohort of rats of several strains. A retrospective review was performed of National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies in rats conducted between 1980 and 2019 and comprising a total of 104,029 rats (51,326 males, 52,703 females), predominantly (90%) of the F344 strain. Of the 94,062 F344 rats surveyed, there were 30 cases of primary pleural mesotheliomas (22 males, 8 females). Of the 2998 Wistar Han rats surveyed, primary pleural mesotheliomas were present in 2 male rats. No primary pleural mesotheliomas were noted in male and female rats of other strains (6669 Sprague Dawley; 300 Osborne-Mendel). All primary pleural mesotheliomas in control and treated F344 and Wistar Han rats were considered spontaneous and unrelated to treatment. Based on light-microscopic evaluation of paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, only epithelioid and biphasic histologic subtypes were observed: 18 and 12 in F344 rats, respectively, and one each in Wistar Han rats. No sarcomatoid subtype cases were noted in any strain of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jerry F Hardisty
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gail Pearse
- Non-Clinical Safety, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GSK, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F Cesta
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Shamseddin M, Obacz J, Garnett MJ, Rintoul RC, Francies HE, Marciniak SJ. Use of preclinical models for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Thorax 2021; 76:1154-1162. [PMID: 33692175 PMCID: PMC8526879 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer most commonly caused by prior exposure to asbestos. Median survival is 12-18 months, since surgery is ineffective and chemotherapy offers minimal benefit. Preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the genomic and histopathological features of cancer are critical for the development of new treatments. The most commonly used models of MPM are two-dimensional cell lines established from primary tumours or pleural fluid. While these have provided some important insights into MPM biology, these cell models have significant limitations. In order to address some of these limitations, spheroids and microfluidic chips have more recently been used to investigate the role of the three-dimensional environment in MPM. Efforts have also been made to develop animal models of MPM, including asbestos-induced murine tumour models, MPM-prone genetically modified mice and patient-derived xenografts. Here, we discuss the available in vitro and in vivo models of MPM and highlight their strengths and limitations. We discuss how newer technologies, such as the tumour-derived organoids, might allow us to address the limitations of existing models and aid in the identification of effective treatments for this challenging-to-treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Shamseddin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Robert Campbell Rintoul
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Stefan John Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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134
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Gupta S, Erickson LA, Lohse CM, Shen W, Pitel BA, Knight SM, Halling KC, Herrera-Hernandez L, Boorjian SA, Thompson RH, Leibovich BC, Jimenez RE, Cheville JC. Assessment of Risk of Hereditary Predisposition in Patients With Melanoma and/or Mesothelioma and Renal Neoplasia. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2132615. [PMID: 34767027 PMCID: PMC8590170 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently associated with melanoma and/or mesothelioma, while germline MITF p.E318K alterations are being increasingly reported in melanoma/RCC. Limited data exist on the co-occurrence of melanoma and/or mesothelioma with renal neoplasia and the prevalence of associated germline alterations. OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of melanoma and/or mesothelioma co-occurring with renal neoplasia using our institutional nephrectomy registry and to determine the prevalence of BAP1 and MITF alterations within this cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this genetic association study, medical records from 8295 patients from 1970 to 2018, renal neoplasia co-occurring with melanoma and/or mesothelioma within a single institutional nephrectomy registry was reevaluated based on contemporary histopathologic criteria and the medical records were reviewed. Data were analyzed from September 2019 to May 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Identified cases were screened for BAP1 loss using immunohistochemistry; while patients with melanoma and clear cell RCC were screened for MITF p.E318K alterations. Tumors from patients with potential germline alterations were analyzed with comprehensive molecular profiling using a 514-gene next generation sequencing panel. RESULTS Of a total of 8295 patients, 93 (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.9%-1.4%) had melanoma and/or mesothelioma co-occurring with renal neoplasia (cutaneous melanoma, n = 76; uveal melanoma, n = 11; mesothelioma, n = 6). A total of 69 (74.2%) were male; 24 (25.8%) were female; median age at diagnosis of renal neoplasia was 63 years (IQR, 58-70 years) and the median duration of follow-up was 8.5 years (IQR, 5.0-14.6 years). Two patients with clear cell RCC had germline BAP1 alterations in the setting of cutaneous melanoma and mesothelioma. Two patients with hybrid oncocytic tumors had biallelic inactivation of FLCN in a setting of Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome associated with uveal melanoma and mesothelioma. Tumor-only screening of clear cell RCC associated with cutaneous (n = 53) and uveal melanoma (n = 6) led to the identification of 1 patient with a likely germline MITF p.E318K alteration. After excluding benign renal neoplasia (such as oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma), alterations of BAP1, FLCN, and MITF were identified in 5 of 81 patients (6.2%) with melanoma and/or mesothelioma and renal neoplasia. In contrast to hybrid oncocytic tumors in BHD, no unique genotype-phenotype correlations were seen for clear cell RCC with pathogenic BAP1/ MITF alterations and VHL loss of function variants. Four of 5 cases (80%) met current National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for germline testing based on a combination of age, multifocality, histologic findings, and family history. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this genetic association study, findings support the continued use of these National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria and suggest more stringent screening may be warranted in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lori A. Erickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christine M. Lohse
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Beth A. Pitel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shannon M. Knight
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin C. Halling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael E. Jimenez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John C. Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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135
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Ghafoor A, Mian I, Wagner C, Mallory Y, Agra MG, Morrow B, Wei JS, Khan J, Thomas A, Sengupta M, Steinberg SM, Hassan R. Phase 2 Study of Olaparib in Malignant Mesothelioma and Correlation of Efficacy With Germline or Somatic Mutations in BAP1 Gene. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100231. [PMID: 34661178 PMCID: PMC8502774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction PARP inhibition may enhance antitumor responses in BAP1-associated mesothelioma by inducing synthetic lethality. Methods A single-center, nonrandomized, phase 2 trial was conducted, in which patients with refractory mesothelioma were given olaparib 300 mg twice daily in a 21-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary objective was to determine the objective response rate on the basis of somatic or germline mutation status of DNA repair genes. The secondary objectives were to assess safety and tolerability and to determine progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Whole-exome sequencing was performed on blood and tumor. Results A total of 23 previously treated patients with pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma were enrolled and treated (germline BAP1, n = 4; germline MRE11A, n = 1; somatic BAP1, n = 8 mutations). There was one (4%) partial response, 18 (78%) with stable disease at 6 weeks, and four (17%) with progressive disease. The median overall PFS and OS were 3.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–4.2 mo) and 8.7 months (95% CI: 4.7 mo–not estimable), respectively. The median PFS of germline BAP1 mutants (n = 4) was 2.3 months (95% CI: 1.3–3.6 mo) versus 4.1 months (95% CI: 2.7–5.5 mo) for wild-type (n = 19; p = 0.019). The median OS was 4.6 months (95% CI: 3.1–4.9 mo) for germline BAP1 mutation versus 9.6 months (95% CI: 5.5 mo–not estimable) in no germline mutation (p = 0.0040). Olaparib was safe with no new safety concerns. Conclusions Olaparib has limited activity in previously treated mesothelioma including patients with BAP1 mutations. Germline BAP1 mutations were associated with decreased PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Ghafoor
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Idrees Mian
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cathy Wagner
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Mallory
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Garcia Agra
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betsy Morrow
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manjistha Sengupta
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Magnavita N, Congedo MT, Di Prinzio RR, Iuliano A. War journalism: an occupational exposure. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e245165. [PMID: 34649858 PMCID: PMC8522660 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from the risk of accidents, war theatres present a hazard related to numerous long-lasting toxic agents. For 10 years, a >60-year-old male journalist worked in war theatres in the Far and Near East where he was exposed to asbestos and other toxic substances (metals, silica, clays, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic substances) contained in dust and smoke of destroyed buildings. More than 15 years later, he developed a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the soft palate and, subsequently, a pleural malignant mesothelioma. The safety of war journalists should focus not only on preventing the risk of being killed, but also on providing protection from toxic and carcinogenic agents. Exposure to substances released during the destruction of buildings can also pose a carcinogenic risk for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Congedo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Operational Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Angela Iuliano
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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137
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Kuroda A. Recent progress and perspectives on the mechanisms underlying Asbestos toxicity. Genes Environ 2021; 43:46. [PMID: 34641979 PMCID: PMC8507173 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cases of mesothelioma are known to result from exposure to asbestos fibers in the environment or occupational ambient air. The following questions regarding asbestos toxicity remain partially unanswered: (i) why asbestos entering the alveoli during respiration exerts toxicity in the pleura; and (ii) how asbestos causes mesothelioma, even though human mesothelial cells are easily killed upon exposure to asbestos. As for the latter question, it is now thought that the frustrated phagocytosis of asbestos fibers by macrophages prolongs inflammatory responses and gives rise to a “mutagenic microenvironment” around mesothelial cells, resulting in their malignant transformation. Based on epidemiological and genetic studies, a carcinogenic model has been proposed in which BRCA1-associated protein 1 mutations are able to suppress cell death in mesothelial cells and increase genomic instability in the mutagenic microenvironment. This leads to additional mutations, such as CDKN2A [p16], NF2, TP53, LATS2, and SETD2, which are associated with mesothelioma carcinogenesis. Regarding the former question, the receptors involved in the intracellular uptake of asbestos and the mechanism of transfer of inhaled asbestos from the alveoli to the pleura are yet to be elucidated. Further studies using live-cell imaging techniques will be critical to fully understanding the mechanisms underlying asbestos toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kuroda
- Unit of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan.
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138
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Proteomic analysis identifies novel binding partners of BAP1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257688. [PMID: 34591877 PMCID: PMC8483321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor and its loss can result in mesothelioma, uveal and cutaneous melanoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. BAP1 is a deubiquitinating enzyme of the UCH class that has been implicated in various cellular processes like cell growth, cell cycle progression, ferroptosis, DNA damage response and ER metabolic stress response. ASXL proteins activate BAP1 by forming the polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex which acts on H2AK119ub1. Besides the ASXL proteins, BAP1 is known to interact with an established set of additional proteins. Here, we identify novel BAP1 interacting proteins in the cytoplasm by expressing GFP-tagged BAP1 in an endogenous BAP1 deficient cell line using affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis. Among these novel interacting proteins are Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) and all subunits of the heptameric coat protein complex I (COPI) that is involved in vesicle formation and protein cargo binding and sorting. We validate that the HAT1 and COPI interactions occur at endogenous levels but find that this interaction with COPI is not mediated through the C-terminal KxKxx cargo sorting signals of the COPI complex.
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139
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Obacz J, Yung H, Shamseddin M, Linnane E, Liu X, Azad AA, Rassl DM, Fairen-Jimenez D, Rintoul RC, Nikolić MZ, Marciniak SJ. Biological basis for novel mesothelioma therapies. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1039-1055. [PMID: 34226685 PMCID: PMC8505556 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that is associated with exposure to asbestos. Although asbestos is banned in several countries, including the UK, an epidemic of mesothelioma is predicted to affect middle-income countries during this century owing to their heavy consumption of asbestos. The prognosis for patients with mesothelioma is poor, reflecting a failure of conventional chemotherapy that has ultimately resulted from an inadequate understanding of its biology. However, recent work has revolutionised the study of mesothelioma, identifying genetic and pathophysiological vulnerabilities, including the loss of tumour suppressors, epigenetic dysregulation and susceptibility to nutrient stress. We discuss how this knowledge, combined with advances in immunotherapy, is enabling the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Yung
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Shamseddin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - Emily Linnane
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiewen Liu
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arsalan A Azad
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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140
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Nastase A, Mandal A, Lu SK, Anbunathan H, Morris-Rosendahl D, Zhang YZ, Sun XM, Gennatas S, Rintoul RC, Edwards M, Bowman A, Chernova T, Benepal T, Lim E, Taylor AN, Nicholson AG, Popat S, Willis AE, MacFarlane M, Lathrop M, Bowcock AM, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOCM. Integrated genomics point to immune vulnerabilities in pleural mesothelioma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19138. [PMID: 34580349 PMCID: PMC8476593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective therapies. In order to identify therapeutic targets, we integrated SNP genotyping, sequencing and transcriptomics from tumours and low-passage patient-derived cells. Previously unrecognised deletions of SUFU locus (10q24.32), observed in 21% of 118 tumours, resulted in disordered expression of transcripts from Hedgehog pathways and the T-cell synapse including VISTA. Co-deletion of Interferon Type I genes and CDKN2A was present in half of tumours and was a predictor of poor survival. We also found previously unrecognised deletions in RB1 in 26% of cases and show sub-micromolar responses to downstream PLK1, CHEK1 and Aurora Kinase inhibitors in primary mesothelioma cells. Defects in Hippo pathways that included RASSF7 amplification and NF2 or LATS1/2 mutations were present in 50% of tumours and were accompanied by micromolar responses to the YAP1 inhibitor Verteporfin. Our results suggest new therapeutic avenues in mesothelioma and indicate targets and biomarkers for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Nastase
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Amit Mandal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Shir Kiong Lu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Hima Anbunathan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Deborah Morris-Rosendahl
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yu Zhi Zhang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Spyridon Gennatas
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Edwards
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Bowman
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tatyana Chernova
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Benepal
- Department of Oncology, St George's Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eric Lim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony Newman Taylor
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK.
| | - William O C M Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW36LY, UK.
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141
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Janes
- From the Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London (S.M.J., D.A.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital (S.M.J.), London, and the University of Leicester, Leicester (D.A.F.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Doraid Alrifai
- From the Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London (S.M.J., D.A.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital (S.M.J.), London, and the University of Leicester, Leicester (D.A.F.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Dean A Fennell
- From the Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London (S.M.J., D.A.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital (S.M.J.), London, and the University of Leicester, Leicester (D.A.F.) - all in the United Kingdom
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142
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Cömertpay S, Gül A, Delibaş M, Tekin Turhan MS. Investigating the Efficacy of Zingerone on Mesothelioma and the Role of TRPV1 in This Effect. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2174-2183. [PMID: 34533076 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1980592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a highly lethal cancer developing in the lung, heart, and abdominal membranes. Zingerone, a capsaicin-like bioactive compound, has been shown to have anticancer properties. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel involving in the cytotoxicity of capsaicin. In the present study, we aimed at determining the cytotoxicity of zingerone on a mesothelioma cell line and to evaluate the role of TRPV1 in this effect. For this purpose, H2452 was used as the mesothelioma cell line and MTS was performed to calculate zingerone cytotoxicity. Moreover, TRPV1 was inhibited by capsazepeine while TRPV1 production was reduced through shRNA treatment. Besides, wound healing and clonogenic assays were performed to measure the migration and colony forming abilities, respectively. As a result, IC50 value of zingerone was calculated as 11.49 mM. Capsazepine treatment or lowered TRPV1 gene expression did not appear to affect zingerone cytotoxicity (p > 0.05) even though the migration rate and colony forming abilities of the zingerone treated cells decreased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that zingerone was less cytotoxic to H2452 cells than the most cancer types and TRPV1 did not seem to have a role in its cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahattin Cömertpay
- Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Abdülmecit Gül
- Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Delibaş
- Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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143
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Zolondick AA, Gaudino G, Xue J, Pass HI, Carbone M, Yang H. Asbestos-induced chronic inflammation in malignant pleural mesothelioma and related therapeutic approaches-a narrative review. PRECISION CANCER MEDICINE 2021; 4. [PMID: 35098108 PMCID: PMC8797751 DOI: 10.21037/pcm-21-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this review is addressing the mechanisms of asbestos carcinogenesis, including chronic inflammation and autophagy-mediated cell survival, and propose potential innovative therapeutic targets to prevent mesothelioma development or improve drug efficacy by reducing inflammation and autophagy. Background: Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer predominantly related to chronic inflammation caused by asbestos exposure. Millions of individuals have been exposed to asbestos or to other carcinogenic mineral fibers occupationally or environmentally, resulting in an increased risk of developing mesothelioma. Overall patient survival rates are notably low (about 8–14 months from the time of diagnosis) and mesothelioma is resistant to existing therapies. Additionally, individuals carrying inactivating germline mutations in the BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) gene and other genes are predisposed to developing cancers, prevalently mesothelioma. Their risk of developing mesothelioma further increases upon exposure to asbestos. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms and the role of inflammation in asbestos carcinogenesis. Biomarkers for asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma have also been identified. These findings are leading to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent or delay the growth of mesothelioma. Methods: Review of full length manuscripts published in English from January 1980 to February 2021 gathered from PubMed.gov from the National Center of Biotechnology Information and the National Library of Medicine were used to inform this review. Conclusion: Key regulators of chronic inflammation mediate asbestos-driven mesothelial cell transformation and survival through autophagic pathways. Recent studies have elucidated some of the key mechanisms involved in asbestos-induced chronic inflammation, which are largely driven by extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Upon asbestos exposure, mesothelial cells release HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and extracellular space, where HMGB1 initiates an inflammatory response. HMGB1 translocation and release also activates autophagy and other pro-survival mechanisms, which promotes mesothelioma development. HMGB1 is currently being investigated as a biomarker to detect asbestos exposure and to detect mesothelioma development in its early stage when therapy is more effective. In parallel, several approaches inhibiting HMGB1 activities have been studied and have shown promising results. Moreover, additional cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α are being targeted to interfere with the inflammatory process that drives mesothelioma growth. Developing early detection methods and novel therapeutic strategies is crucial to prolong overall survival of patients with mesothelioma. Novel therapies targeting regulators of asbestos-induced inflammation to reduce mesothelioma growth may lead to clinical advancements to benefit patients with mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Zolondick
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Jiaming Xue
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,University of Hawai'i, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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144
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Olmedilla G, Undaondo C, Vasquez W, Rodriguez N. Metastatic Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Mimicking an Autoinflammatory Syndrome in a 12-Year-Old Boy. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:478-483. [PMID: 33872112 DOI: 10.1177/10935266211008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A case of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma mimicking an autoinflammatory syndrome in a 12-year-old boy is reported. The patient initially presented with lymphadenopathy and weight loss but without abdominal pain. Three things confounded the initial diagnosis: a positive test result for a gene related to cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, a positive response to the autoinflammatory syndrome treatment, and a lymph node biopsy which showed "hyperplastic mesothelial cells in the lymph sinuses." His symptoms relapsed several years later, and a peritoneal biopsy confirmed the final diagnosis. Complete morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular diagnoses are described. A translocation in the TERT gene involving the truncation of the promoter was found in the mesothelioma. The translocation has never been described in mesotheliomas and is of an unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olmedilla
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Undaondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wenceslao Vasquez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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145
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Luna J, Bobo A, Cabrera-Rodriguez JJ, Pagola M, Martín-Martín M, Ruiz MÁG, Montijano M, Rodríguez A, Pelari-Mici L, Corbacho A, Moreno M, Couñago F. GOECP/SEOR clinical guidelines on radiotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:581-608. [PMID: 34513595 PMCID: PMC8394157 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i8.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor with poor prognosis and rising incidence. Palliative care is common in MPM as radical treatment with curative intent is often not possible due to metastasis or extensive locoregional involvement. Numerous therapeutic advances have been made in recent years, including the use of less aggressive surgical techniques associated with lower morbidity and mortality (e.g., pleurectomy/decortication), technological advancements in the field of radiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image-guided radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, proton therapy), and developments in systemic therapies (chemotherapy and immunotherapy). These improvements have had as yet only a modest effect on local control and survival. Advances in the management of MPM and standardization of care are hampered by the evidence to date, limited by high heterogeneity among studies and small sample sizes. In this clinical guideline prepared by the oncological group for the study of lung cancer of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, we review clinical, histologic, and therapeutic aspects of MPM, with a particular focus on all aspects relating to radiotherapy, including the current evidence base, associations with chemotherapy and surgery, treatment volumes and planning, technological advances, and reradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Luna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncohealth, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Andrea Bobo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Ruber Internacional Hospital, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | | | - María Pagola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Onkologikoa/Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín-Martín
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - María Ángeles González Ruiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla 41009, Spain
| | - Miguel Montijano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Genesis care Spain, Madrid 28005, Spain
| | - Aurora Rodríguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Ruber Internacional Hospital, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Lira Pelari-Mici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Almudena Corbacho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Hospital de Mérida, Mérida 06800, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno
- Department of Oncology, Institution of University Navarra, Clinical University, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institution of Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud and Hospital LaLuz, European University of Madrid, Madrid 28028, Spain
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146
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Tamburri S, Conway E, Pasini D. Polycomb-dependent histone H2A ubiquitination links developmental disorders with cancer. Trends Genet 2021; 38:333-352. [PMID: 34426021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is tightly controlled by specific transcriptional programs which require post-translational modifications of histones. These histone modifications allow the establishment and maintenance of active and repressed chromatin domains. Histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1) has an essential role in building repressive chromatin domains during development. It is regulated by the counteracting activities of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and the Polycomb repressive-deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complexes, two multi-subunit ensembles that write and erase this modification, respectively. We have catalogued the recurrent genetic alterations in subunits of the PRC1 and PR-DUB complexes in both neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. These genetic lesions are often shared across disorders, and we highlight common mechanisms of H2AK119ub1 dysregulation and how they affect development in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tamburri
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Eric Conway
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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147
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Histologically Diverse BAP1-Deficient Melanocytic Tumors in a Patient With BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:872-875. [PMID: 32649346 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1)-deficient cutaneous tumors are common in patients with BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, frequently presenting before other associated neoplasms, and can serve as an early marker to identify individuals with this disease. The typical lesions are dermal based and composed of a combination of larger epithelioid melanocytes with abundant glassy cytoplasm and smaller cells resembling those of a conventional nevus. There is often a component of interspersed lymphocytes. However, BAP1-deficient melanocytic tumors can show a spectrum of histologic appearances, ranging from lesions with pure epithelioid, pure conventional nevus, or rhabdoid cells and tumors with an intraepidermal component. To demonstrate such morphologic variation, we present a case of a 50-year-old woman with multiple histologically diverse BAP1-deficient melanocytic tumors and germline BAP1 mutation, identified after a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. We also discuss the pathogenesis and potential histopathological and clinical indications of germline versus sporadic etiology in the assessment of BAP1-deficient melanocytic tumors.
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148
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Dipper A, Maskell N, Bibby A. Ancillary Diagnostic Investigations in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133291. [PMID: 34209209 PMCID: PMC8268996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a number of patients presenting with an undiagnosed pleural effusion, frailty, medical co-morbidity or personal choice may preclude the use of pleural biopsy, the gold standard investigation for diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In this review article, we outline the most recent evidence on ancillary diagnostic tests which may be used to support a diagnosis of MPM where histological samples cannot be obtained or where results are non-diagnostic. Immunocytochemical markers, molecular techniques, diagnostic biomarkers and imaging techniques are discussed. No adjunctive test has a sensitivity and specificity profile to support use in isolation; however, correlation of pleural fluid cytology with relevant radiology and supplementary biomarkers can enable an MDT-consensus clinico-radiological-cytological diagnosis to be made where further invasive tests are not possible or not appropriate. Diagnostic challenges surrounding non-epithelioid MPM are recognised, and there is a critical need for reliable and non-invasive investigative tools in this population.
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Mesothelioma in immigrants from Turkey: Genes have a minor role. Respir Med 2021; 186:106527. [PMID: 34218167 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and epidemiology of malignant mesothelioma in immigrants from Karain where there is an extraordinarily high incidence of mesothelioma, Cappadocia, Turkey, to Stockholm, Sweden, and their children over 20 years of age born in Stockholm, i.e. two genetically similar populations with and without erionite exposure. METHODS This survey was conducted as a retrospective cohort study. Standardized average annual mesothelioma incidence rates (AAMIRs) and mesothelioma standardized incidence ratio (mSIR) were calculated. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the importance of different factors related to mesothelioma risk. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 337 people, 203 of whom were born and/or lived in Karain before immigrating to Sweden (erionite-exposed), and 134 who were born in Stockholm (erionite-unexposed). There were 69 deaths, 42 (61%) due to mesothelioma, and two patients with the disease who were still alive. Of these 44 patients, 22 were men. All mesothelioma patients were in the erionite-exposed group. In the age group 30-49 years, mesothelioma developed in 11 of 38 (29%) with erionite exposure, while there were no cases among 86 persons in the non-exposed group. For men, the AAMIR was 253.9 per 100,000 persons in the whole cohort, and for women, it was 350.9. The mSIR was 71.9 for men and 393.1 for women. Exposure to erionite exceeding 20 years and age over 40 years were associated with increased mesothelioma risk. CONCLUSION Exposure to erionite is the leading cause of mesothelioma in Karain villagers, and genetic factors are probably of minor importance.
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Bai J, Chen Z, Chen C, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Song J, Yuan J, Jiang X, Xing W, Yang J, Bai J, Zhou Y. Reducing hyperactivated BAP1 attenuates mutant ASXL1-driven myeloid malignancies in human haematopoietic cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:78-90. [PMID: 34186160 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is frequently mutated in a variety of myeloid malignancies, resulting in expression of a C-terminal-truncated ASXL1 protein that confers gain of function on the ASXL1-BAP1 deubiquitinase (DUB) complex. Several studies have reported that hyperactivity of BRCA-1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) in deubiquitinating mono-ubiquitinated histone H2AK119 is one of the critical molecular mechanisms in ASXL1 mutation-driven myeloid malignancies in mice. In this study, we found that human haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) overexpressing truncated ASXL1 (ASXL1Y591X) developed an MDS-like phenotype similar to that induced by overexpression of BAP1. We then used shRNAs targeting BAP1 in ASXL1Y591X-overexpressing HSPCs and primary leukaemia cells with ASXL1 mutation, demonstrating that reduced BAP1 expression can partially rescue the pathological consequences. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR analyses revealed that reduced BAP1 expression suppressed upregulation of the transcription factors AP-1 and EGR1/2, as well as myeloid dysplasia-associated genes, by retarding H2AK119Ub removal caused by ASXL1 mutation. This study indicates that targeting the hyperactive ASXL1-BAP1 DUB complex can attenuate mutant ASXL1-driven myeloid malignancies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Junzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jing Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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