101
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Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC. Three-minute method for amino acid analysis by UHPLC and high-resolution quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2345-57. [PMID: 26058356 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid analysis is a powerful bioanalytical technique for many biomedical research endeavors, including cancer, emergency medicine, nutrition and neuroscience research. In the present study, we present a 3 min analytical method for underivatized amino acid analysis that employs ultra high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. This method has demonstrated linearity (mM to nM range), reproducibility (intra-day <5 %, inter-day <20 %), sensitivity (low fmol) and selectivity. Here, we illustrate the rapidity and accuracy of the method through comparison with conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. We further demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of this method on a diverse range of biological matrices. Using this method we were able to selectively discriminate murine pancreatic cancer cells with and without knocked down expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; plasma, lymph and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid samples from control versus hemorrhaged rats; and muscle tissue samples harvested from rats subjected to both low-fat and high-fat diets. Furthermore, we were able to exploit the sensitivity of the method to detect and quantify the release of glutamate from sparsely isolated murine taste buds. Spiked in light or heavy standards ((13)C6-arginine, (13)C6-lysine, (13)C 5 (15) N2-glutamine) or xenometabolites (5-fluorouracil) were used to determine coefficients of variation, confirm linearity of relative quantitation in four different matrices, and overcome matrix effects for absolute quantitation. The presented method enables high-throughput analysis of low-abundance samples requiring only one percent of the material extracted from 100,000 cells, 10 µl of biological fluid, or 2 mg of muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, USA.,Metabolomics Core, Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Metabolomics Core, Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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102
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The LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 induces fetal hemoglobin synthesis and reduces disease pathology in sickle cell mice. Blood 2015; 126:386-96. [PMID: 26031919 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-626259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been shown to induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in cultured human erythroid cells in vitro. Here we report the in vivo effects of LSD1 inactivation by a selective and more potent inhibitor, RN-1, in a sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse model. Compared with untreated animals, RN-1 administration leads to induced HbF synthesis and to increased frequencies of HbF-positive cells and mature erythrocytes, as well as fewer reticulocytes and sickle cells, in the peripheral blood of treated SCD mice. In keeping with these observations, histologic analyses of the liver and spleen of treated SCD mice verified that they do not exhibit the necrotic lesions that are usually associated with SCD. These data indicate that RN-1 can effectively induce HbF levels in red blood cells and reduce disease pathology in SCD mice, and may therefore offer new therapeutic possibilities for treating SCD.
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103
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D'Alessandro A, Moore HB, Moore EE, Wither M, Nemkov T, Gonzalez E, Slaughter A, Fragoso M, Hansen KC, Silliman CC, Banerjee A. Early hemorrhage triggers metabolic responses that build up during prolonged shock. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R1034-44. [PMID: 25876652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic staging after trauma/hemorrhagic shock is a key driver of acidosis and directly relates to hypothermia and coagulopathy. Metabolic responses to trauma/hemorrhagic shock have been assayed through classic biochemical approaches or NMR, thereby lacking a comprehensive overview of the dynamic metabolic changes occurring after shock. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent progressive hemorrhage and shock. Baseline and postshock blood was collected, and late hyperfibrinolysis was assessed (LY30 >3%) in all of the tested rats. Extreme and intermediate time points were collected to assay the dynamic changes of the plasma metabolome via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sham controls were used to determine whether metabolic changes could be primarily attributable to anesthesia and supine positioning. Early hemorrhage-triggered metabolic changes that built up progressively and became significant during sustained hemorrhagic shock. Metabolic phenotypes either resulted in immediate hypercatabolism, or late hypercatabolism, preceded by metabolic deregulation during early hemorrhage in a subset of rats. Hemorrhagic shock consistently promoted hyperglycemia, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, fatty acid, amino acid, and nitrogen metabolism (urate and polyamines), and impaired redox homeostasis. Early dynamic changes of the plasma metabolome are triggered by hemorrhage in rats. Future studies will determine whether metabolic subphenotypes observed in rats might be consistently observed in humans and pave the way for tailored resuscitative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, South, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Hunter B Moore
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew Wither
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, South, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, South, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eduardo Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anne Slaughter
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miguel Fragoso
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, South, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher C Silliman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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104
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) substantially alters renal structure and function, and causes various renal syndromes and diseases. Such diverse renal outcomes reflect the uniquely complex vascular pathobiology of SCD and the propensity of red blood cells to sickle in the renal medulla because of its hypoxic, acidotic, and hyperosmolar conditions. Renal complications and involvement in sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) include altered haemodynamics, hypertrophy, assorted glomerulopathies, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, impaired urinary concentrating ability, distal nephron dysfunction, haematuria, and increased risks of urinary tract infections and renal medullary carcinoma. SCN largely reflects an underlying vasculopathy characterized by cortical hyperperfusion, medullary hypoperfusion, and an increased, stress-induced vasoconstrictive response. Renal involvement is usually more severe in homozygous disease (sickle cell anaemia, HbSS) than in compound heterozygous types of SCD (for example HbSC and HbSβ(+)-thalassaemia), and is typically mild, albeit prevalent, in the heterozygous state (sickle cell trait, HbAS). Renal involvement contributes substantially to the diminished life expectancy of patients with SCD, accounting for 16-18% of mortality. As improved clinical care promotes survival into adulthood, SCN imposes a growing burden on both individual health and health system costs. This Review addresses the renal manifestations of SCD and focuses on their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S. W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert P Hebbel
- Division of Haematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 480, 420 Delaware Street S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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105
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Chen Q, Liu X, Zhao P, Sun Y, Zhao X, Xiong Y, Xu G, Xia Q. GC/MS-based metabolomic studies reveal key roles of glycine in regulating silk synthesis in silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 57:41-50. [PMID: 25533535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of silkworm, especially the factors that affect silk synthesis at the metabolic level, is little known. Herein, metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to identify key metabolic changes in silk synthesis deficient silkworms. Forty-six differential metabolites were identified in Nd group with the defect of silk synthesis. Significant changes in the levels of glycine and uric acid (up-regulation), carbohydrates and free fatty acids (down-regulation) were observed. The further metabolomics of silk synthesis deficient silkworms by decreasing silk proteins synthesis using knocking out fibroin heavy chain gene or extirpating silk glands operation showed that the changes of the metabolites were almost consistent with those of the Nd group. Furthermore, the increased silk yields by supplying more glycine or its related metabolite confirmed that glycine is a key metabolite to regulate silk synthesis. These findings provide important insights into the regulation between metabolic profiling and silk synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China.
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106
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Elevated adenosine signaling via adenosine A2B receptor induces normal and sickle erythrocyte sphingosine kinase 1 activity. Blood 2015; 125:1643-52. [PMID: 25587035 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-595751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte possesses high sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) activity and is the major cell type supplying plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate, a signaling lipid regulating multiple physiological and pathological functions. Recent studies revealed that erythrocyte SphK1 activity is upregulated in sickle cell disease (SCD) and contributes to sickling and disease progression. However, how erythrocyte SphK1 activity is regulated remains unknown. Here we report that adenosine induces SphK1 activity in human and mouse sickle and normal erythrocytes in vitro. Next, using 4 adenosine receptor-deficient mice and pharmacological approaches, we determined that the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) is essential for adenosine-induced SphK1 activity in human and mouse normal and sickle erythrocytes in vitro. Subsequently, we provide in vivo genetic evidence that adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency leads to excess plasma adenosine and elevated erythrocyte SphK1 activity. Lowering adenosine by ADA enzyme therapy or genetic deletion of ADORA2B significantly reduced excess adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity in ADA-deficient mice. Finally, we revealed that protein kinase A-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation functioning downstream of ADORA2B underlies adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity. Overall, our findings reveal a novel signaling network regulating erythrocyte SphK1 and highlight innovative mechanisms regulating SphK1 activity in normal and SCD.
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107
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Liang Q, Liu H, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Xing H, Zhang AH. Potential urine biomarkers from a high throughput metabolomics study of severe sepsis in a large Asian cohort. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted mass spectrometry was used to characterize peripheral biomarkers associated with the urine metabolome in severe sepsis (SS) patients. This is an efficient and convenient tool for diagnosing and screening of SS in a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Han Liu
- Simon Fraser University (SFU)
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Yan Jiang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Haitao Xing
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
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108
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Iriyama T, Sun K, Parchim NF, Li J, Zhao C, Song A, Hart LA, Blackwell SC, Sibai BM, Chan LNL, Chan TS, Hicks MJ, Blackburn MR, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Elevated placental adenosine signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Circulation 2014; 131:730-41. [PMID: 25538227 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a prevalent hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This pathogenic condition is speculated to be caused by placental abnormalities that contribute to the maternal syndrome. However, the specific factors and signaling pathways that lead to impaired placentas and maternal disease development remain elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 2 independent animal models of preeclampsia (genetically engineered pregnant mice with elevated adenosine exclusively in placentas and a pathogenic autoantibody-induced preeclampsia mouse model), we demonstrated that chronically elevated placental adenosine was sufficient to induce hallmark features of preeclampsia, including hypertension, proteinuria, small fetuses, and impaired placental vasculature. Genetic and pharmacological approaches revealed that elevated placental adenosine coupled with excessive A₂B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) signaling contributed to the development of these features of preeclampsia. Mechanistically, we provided both human and mouse evidence that elevated placental CD73 is a key enzyme causing increased placental adenosine, thereby contributing to preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS We determined that elevated placental adenosine signaling is a previously unrecognized pathogenic factor for preeclampsia. Moreover, our findings revealed the molecular basis underlying the elevation of placental adenosine and the detrimental role of excess placental adenosine in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, and thereby, we highlight novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Iriyama
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Nicholas F Parchim
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Jessica Li
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Cheng Zhao
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Anren Song
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Laura A Hart
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Sean C Blackwell
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Baha M Sibai
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Lee-Nien L Chan
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Teh-Sheng Chan
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - M John Hicks
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.)
| | - Yang Xia
- From Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.I., K.S., N.F.P., J.L., C.Z., A.S., M.R.B., R.E.K., Y.X.) and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.A.H., S.C.B., B.M.S.), University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (T.I.); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston (K.S., N.F.P., M.R.B, R.E.K., Y.X.); Department of Urology (C.Z.), Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, (L-N. L.C., T.-S.C.); and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.J.H.).
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109
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Gavini N, Hoots WK, Mensah GA, Hanspal M. An analysis of the NIH-supported sickle cell disease research portfolio. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 54:198-205. [PMID: 25466208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited blood disorder is due to a single amino acid substitution on the beta chain of hemoglobin, and is characterized by anemia, severe infections, acute and chronic pain, and multi-organ damage. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is dedicated to support basic, translational and clinical science research to improve care and ultimately, to find a cure for SCD that causes such suffering. This report provides a detailed analysis of grants funded by the NIH for SCD research in Fiscal Years 2007 through 2013. During this period, the NIH supported 247 de novo grants totaling $272,210,367 that address various aspects of SCD. 83% of these funds supported research project grants investigating the following 5 scientific themes: Pathology of Sickle Red Blood Cells; Globin Gene Expression; Adhesion and Vascular Dysfunction; Neurological Complications and Organ-specific Dysfunction; and Pain Management and Intervention. The remaining 17% of total funds supported career development and training grants; Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grants; large Center grants; and Conference grants. Further analysis showed that the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the largest funder of SCD research within NIH with 67% of total grants, contributing 77% of total funds; followed by the National Institute for Digestive Diseases and Kidney (NIDDK) that is funding 19% of grants, contributing 13% of total funds. The remaining 14% of grants totaling 10% of the funds were supported by all other NIH Institutes/Centers (ICs) combined. In summary, the NIH is using multiple funding mechanisms to support a sickle cell disease research agenda that is intended to advance the detection, treatment, and cure of this debilitating genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Gavini
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W Keith Hoots
- Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjit Hanspal
- Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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110
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Bottari NB, Baldissera MD, Tonin AA, França RT, Zanini D, Leal MLR, Lopes STA, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Monteiro SG, Guarda NS, Moresco RN, Aires AR, Stefani LM, Da Silva AS. Effects of iron supplementation on blood adenine deaminase activity and oxidative stress in Trypanosoma evansi infection of rats. Exp Parasitol 2014; 147:1-6. [PMID: 25300765 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of iron supplementation on oxidative stress and on the activity of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) in rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. For this purpose, 20 rats were divided into four experimental groups with five animals each as follows: groups A and B were composed by healthy animals, while animals from groups C and D were infected by T. evansi. Additionally, groups B and D received two subcutaneous doses of iron (60 mg kg(-1)) within an interval of 5 days. Blood samples were drawn on day 8 post infection in order to assess hematological and biochemical variables. Among the main results are: (1) animals from group C showed reduced erythrogram (with tendency to anemia); however the same results were not observed for group D; this might be a direct effect of free iron on trypanosomes which helped to reduce the parasitemia and the damage to erythrocytes caused by the infection; (2) iron supplementation was able to reduce NOx levels by inhibiting iNOS, and thus, providing an antioxidant action and, indirectly, reducing the ALT levels in groups Band D; (3) increase FRAP levels in group D; (4) reduce ADA activity in serum and erythrocytes in group C; however, this supplementation (5) increased the protein oxidation in groups B and D, as well as group C (positive control). Therefore, iron showed antioxidant and oxidant effects on animals that received supplementation; and it maintained the activity of E-ADA stable in infected/supplemented animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B Bottari
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Danieli Zanini
- Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta L R Leal
- Department of Large Animal, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vera M Morsch
- Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara S Guarda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lenita M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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111
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Idzko M, Ferrari D, Riegel AK, Eltzschig HK. Extracellular nucleotide and nucleoside signaling in vascular and blood disease. Blood 2014; 124:1029-37. [PMID: 25001468 PMCID: PMC4133480 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-09-402560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides and nucleosides-such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-are famous for their intracellular roles as building blocks for the genetic code or cellular energy currencies. In contrast, their function in the extracellular space is different. Here, they are primarily known as signaling molecules via activation of purinergic receptors, classified as P1 receptors for adenosine or P2 receptors for ATP. Because extracellular ATP is rapidly converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidase, nucleotide-phosphohydrolysis is important for controlling the balance between P2 and P1 signaling. Gene-targeted mice for P1, P2 receptors, or ectonucleotidase exhibit only very mild phenotypic manifestations at baseline. However, they demonstrate alterations in disease susceptibilities when exposed to a variety of vascular or blood diseases. Examples of phenotypic manifestations include vascular barrier dysfunction, graft-vs-host disease, platelet activation, ischemia, and reperfusion injury or sickle cell disease. Many of these studies highlight that purinergic signaling events can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Ann-Kathrin Riegel
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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112
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Ohno K, Tanaka H, Samata N, Jakubowski JA, Tomizawa A, Mizuno M, Sugidachi A. Platelet activation biomarkers in Berkeley sickle cell mice and the response to prasugrel. Thromb Res 2014; 134:889-94. [PMID: 25130912 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is a common complication that occurs in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Although underlying mechanisms of VOC remain unclear, platelet activation has been associated with VOC. In the present study, plasma adenine nucleotide measurements using LC-ESI-MS/MS showed that plasma ADP in the Berkeley murine model of SCD was significantly higher (applox. 2.7-fold increase) compared with control mice. Assessment of platelet activation markers using flow cytometry indicated that in SCD mice at steady state (8 weeks old), circulating platelets were partially activated and this tended to increase with age (15 weeks old). The administration of prasugrel, a thienopiridyl P2Y12 antagonist, did not affect the activation state of circulating platelets suggesting P2Y12 independent mechanism of activation. In this murine SCD model, ex vivo addition of ADP or PAR4 TRAP resulted in further platelet activation as assessed by expression of activated GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin both at 8 and 15 weeks. In 15 weeks old SCD mice, agonist-induced increases in activation markers were enhanced compared to control mice. Oral administration of prasugrel effectively inhibited ex vivo platelet activation consistent with clinical data in patients with SCD. In conclusion, in the Berkeley murine model of SCD, we found evidence of basal and agonist-stimulated platelet activation which could in part be attenuated by prasugrel. These data are consistent with observations made in patients with SCD and suggest possible utility of this murine model and prasugrel therapy in exploring treatment options for patients with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousaku Ohno
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Tanaka
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naozumi Samata
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsuyuki Tomizawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Sugidachi
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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113
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Silva-Pinto AC, Dias-Carlos C, Saldanha-Araujo F, Ferreira FIS, Palma PVB, Araujo AG, Queiroz RHC, Elion J, Covas DT, Zago MA, Panepucci RA. Hydroxycarbamide modulates components involved in the regulation of adenosine levels in blood cells from sickle-cell anemia patients. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1457-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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114
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Hoppe CC. Inflammatory Mediators of Endothelial Injury in Sickle Cell Disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 28:265-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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115
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Ning C, Wen J, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Qi L, Grenz A, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Excess adenosine A2B receptor signaling contributes to priapism through HIF-1α mediated reduction of PDE5 gene expression. FASEB J 2014; 28:2725-35. [PMID: 24614760 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-247833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Priapism is featured with prolonged and painful penile erection and is prevalent among males with sickle cell disease (SCD). The disorder is a dangerous urological and hematological emergency since it is associated with ischemic tissue damage and erectile disability. Here we report that phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) gene expression and PDE activity is significantly reduced in penile tissues of two independent priapic models: SCD mice and adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice. Moreover, using ADA enzyme therapy to reduce adenosine or a specific antagonist to block A(2B) adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) signaling, we successfully attenuated priapism in both ADA(-/-) and SCD mice by restoring penile PDE5 gene expression to normal levels. This finding led us to further discover that excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation directly reduces PDE5 gene expression in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. Overall, we reveal that excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling underlies reduced penile PDE activity by decreasing PDE5 gene expression in a HIF-1α-dependent manner and provide new insight for the pathogenesis of priapism and novel therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Urology and Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Urology and
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiru Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology and
| | - Almut Grenz
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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116
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Field JJ, Nathan DG, Linden J. The role of adenosine signaling in sickle cell therapeutics. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 28:287-99. [PMID: 24589267 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Data suggest a role for adenosine signaling in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD). Signaling through the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has demonstrated beneficial effects. Activation of A2ARs decreases inflammation with SCD by blocking activation of invariant natural killer T cells. Decreased inflammation may reduce the severity of vasoocclusive crises. Adenosine signaling through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) may be detrimental in SCD. Whether adenosine signaling predominantly occurs through A2ARs or A2BRs may depend on differing levels of adenosine and disease state (steady state versus crisis). There may be opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting A2ARs and/or A2BRs for patients with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Field
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, 8733 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - David G Nathan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel Linden
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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117
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Li C, Lee PS, Sun Y, Gu X, Zhang E, Guo Y, Wu CL, Auricchio N, Priolo C, Li J, Csibi A, Parkhitko A, Morrison T, Planaguma A, Kazani S, Israel E, Xu KF, Henske EP, Blenis J, Levy BD, Kwiatkowski D, Yu JJ. Estradiol and mTORC2 cooperate to enhance prostaglandin biosynthesis and tumorigenesis in TSC2-deficient LAM cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:15-28. [PMID: 24395886 PMCID: PMC3892971 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive neoplastic disorder that leads to lung destruction and respiratory failure primarily in women. LAM is typically caused by tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) mutations resulting in mTORC1 activation in proliferative smooth muscle-like cells in the lung. The female predominance of LAM suggests that estradiol contributes to disease development. Metabolomic profiling identified an estradiol-enhanced prostaglandin biosynthesis signature in Tsc2-deficient (TSC(-)) cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Estradiol increased the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, which was also increased at baseline in TSC-deficient cells and was not affected by rapamycin treatment. However, both Torin 1 treatment and Rictor knockdown led to reduced COX-2 expression and phospho-Akt-S473. Prostaglandin production was also increased in TSC-deficient cells. In preclinical models, both Celecoxib and aspirin reduced tumor development. LAM patients had significantly higher serum prostaglandin levels than healthy women. 15-epi-lipoxin-A4 was identified in exhaled breath condensate from LAM subjects and was increased by aspirin treatment, indicative of functional COX-2 expression in the LAM airway. In vitro, 15-epi-lipoxin-A4 reduced the proliferation of LAM patient-derived cells in a dose-dependent manner. Targeting COX-2 and prostaglandin pathways may have therapeutic value in LAM and TSC-related diseases, and possibly in other conditions associated with mTOR hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 2 Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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118
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Eckle T, Kewley EM, Brodsky KS, Tak E, Bonney S, Gobel M, Anderson D, Glover LE, Riegel AK, Colgan SP, Eltzschig HK. Identification of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1A as transcriptional regulator of the A2B adenosine receptor during acute lung injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1249-56. [PMID: 24391213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although acute lung injury (ALI) contributes significantly to critical illness, resolution often occurs spontaneously through endogenous pathways. We recently found that mechanical ventilation increases levels of pulmonary adenosine, a signaling molecule known to attenuate lung inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized a contribution of transcriptionally controlled pathways to pulmonary adenosine receptor (ADOR) signaling during ALI. We gained initial insight from microarray analysis of pulmonary epithelia exposed to conditions of cyclic mechanical stretch, a mimic for ventilation-induced lung disease. Surprisingly, these studies revealed a selective induction of the ADORA2B. Using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, we confirmed an up to 9-fold induction of the ADORA2B following cyclic mechanical stretch (A549, Calu-3, or human primary alveolar epithelial cells). Studies using ADORA2B promoter constructs identified a prominent region within the ADORA2B promoter conveying stretch responsiveness. This region of the promoter contained a binding site for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. Additional studies using site-directed mutagenesis or transcription factor binding assays demonstrated a functional role for HIF-1 in stretch-induced increases of ADORA2B expression. Moreover, studies of ventilator-induced lung injury revealed induction of the ADORA2B during ALI in vivo that was abolished following HIF inhibition or genetic deletion of Hif1a. Together, these studies implicate HIF in the transcriptional control of pulmonary adenosine signaling during ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eckle
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
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119
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Zimmerman MA, Tak E, Ehrentraut SF, Kaplan M, Giebler A, Weng T, Choi DS, Blackburn MR, Kam I, Eltzschig HK, Grenz A. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)-1-dependent elevation of extracellular adenosine protects the liver during ischemia and reperfusion. Hepatology 2013; 58:1766-78. [PMID: 23703920 PMCID: PMC3795856 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischemia and reperfusion-elicited tissue injury contributes to morbidity and mortality of hepatic surgery and during liver transplantation. Previous studies implicated extracellular adenosine signaling in liver protection. Based on the notion that extracellular adenosine signaling is terminated by uptake from the extracellular towards the intracellular compartment by way of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs), we hypothesized a functional role of ENTs in liver protection from ischemia. During orthotopic liver transplantation in humans, we observed higher expressional levels of ENT1 than ENT2, in conjunction with repression of ENT1 and ENT2 transcript and protein levels following warm ischemia and reperfusion. Treatment with the pharmacologic ENT inhibitor dipyridamole revealed elevations of hepatic adenosine levels and robust liver protection in a murine model of liver ischemia and reperfusion. Studies in gene-targeted mice for Ent1 or Ent2 demonstrated selective protection from liver injury in Ent1(-/-) mice. Treatment with selective adenosine receptor antagonists indicated a contribution of Adora2b receptor signaling in ENT-dependent liver protection. CONCLUSION These findings implicate ENT1 in liver protection from ischemia and reperfusion injury and suggest ENT inhibitors may be of benefit in the prevention or treatment of ischemic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunyoung Tak
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado
| | | | - Maria Kaplan
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado
| | - Antasia Giebler
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Igal Kam
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado
| | - Almut Grenz
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado
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120
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Cazenave M, Koehl B, Nochy D, Tharaux PL, Audard V. [Spectrum of renal manifestations in sickle cell disease]. Nephrol Ther 2013; 10:10-6. [PMID: 24113202 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2013.07.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common hemoglobinopathy, is an increasing cause of chronic kidney disease. In the last decade, we have witnessed a better understanding in the characterization of clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of sickle cell nephropathy. The spectrum of renal diseases during SCD includes various renal manifestations such as impairment of urinary concentrating ability, defect in urine acidification, renal papillary necrosis and proteinuria related to glomerular injury leading to progressive end-stage renal disease. Endothelial dysfunction related to chronic hemolysis and the relative renal hypoxia caused by vaso-occlusive sickle red blood cells are probably two key factors for SCN development. Optimal therapeutic management (including the use of blockers of the renin-angiotensin system) of patients with proteinuria remains to be determined. Renal replacement therapy with dialysis is required in SCD patients with end-stage renal disease but these patients should probably undergo kidney transplantation that requires careful management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Cazenave
- Inserm U970, Paris cardiovascular centre (PARCC), université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bérengère Koehl
- Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital Robert-Debré, université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Inserm U970, Paris cardiovascular centre (PARCC), université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75015 Paris, France; Service de néphrologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- Inserm U 955, service de néphrologie et de transplantation, institut francilien de recherche en néphrologie et transplantation (IFRNT), hôpital Henri-Mondor, université Paris Est Créteil, AP-HP, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
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Paz OS, Brito CCB, Castilho MS. Quantitative insights towards the design of potent deazaxanthine antagonists of adenosine 2B receptors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:590-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.830113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Odailson Santos Paz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Ondina – Salvador
BahiaBrazil
| | - Camila Carane Bitencourt Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina – Salvador
BahiaBrazil
| | - Marcelo Santos Castilho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina – Salvador
BahiaBrazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Ondina – Salvador
BahiaBrazil
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Morote-Garcia JC, Köhler D, Roth JM, Mirakaj V, Eldh T, Eltzschig HK, Rosenberger P. Repression of the equilibrative nucleoside transporters dampens inflammatory lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:296-305. [PMID: 23590299 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0457oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating disorder of the lung that is characterized by hypoxemia, overwhelming pulmonary inflammation, and a high mortality in the critically ill. Adenosine has been implicated as an anti-inflammatory signaling molecule, and previous studies showed that extracellular adenosine concentrations are increased in inflamed tissues. Adenosine signaling is terminated by the uptake of adenosine from the extracellular into the intracellular compartment via equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). However, their role in controlling adenosine signaling during pulmonary inflammation remains unknown. After inflammatory in vitro experiments, we observed a repression of ENT1 and ENT2 that was associated with an attenuation of extracellular adenosine uptake. Experiments using short, interfering RNA silencing confirmed a significant contribution of ENT repression in elevating extracellular adenosine concentrations during inflammation. Furthermore, an examination of the ENT2 promoter implicated NF-κB as a key regulator for the observed ENT repression. Additional in vivo experiments using a murine model of inflammatory lung injury showed that the pharmacological inhibition of ENT1 and ENT2 resulted in improved pulmonary barrier function and reduced signs of acute inflammation of the lung. Whereas experiments on Ent1(-/-) or Ent2(-/-) mice revealed lung protection in LPS-induced lung injury, an examination of bone marrow chimeras for ENTs pointed to the nonhematopoetic expression of ENTs as the underlying cause of dampened pulmonary inflammation during ALI. Taken together, these findings reveal the transcriptional repression of ENTs as an innate protective response during acute pulmonary inflammation. The inhibition of ENTs could be pursued as a therapeutic option to ameliorate inflammatory lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Morote-Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Eberhard Karls University and Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a devastating genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid substitution in β-globin. Although the condition was first described more than a 100 years ago, treatment options remain scarce and unsatisfactory. This review summarizes recent findings that may provide novel insight into therapeutic approaches to SCD treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Because of insufficient numbers of erythrocytes for oxygen delivery, SCD patients constantly face hypoxia. Adenosine is well known as a key signaling nucleoside that orchestrates a multifaceted physiological response to hypoxia. Recent studies have revealed that adenosine concentrations are significantly elevated in SCD and contribute to disease pathology by activating adenosine receptors on red blood cells. Apart from adenosine, hypoxia also causes hemoglobin release via hemolysis. Studies on free hemoglobin in circulation have uncovered another two important molecules: nitric oxide and heme oxygenase-1. SUMMARY The core of SCD pathology is erythrocyte sickling under hypoxic conditions, leading to vaso-occlusion and hemolysis. Deeper and more comprehensive understanding of SCD as a disease of hypoxia will provide us new therapeutic targets for SCD treatment.
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Da Silva AS, Schafer AS, Aires AR, Tonin AA, Pimentel VC, Oliveira CB, Zanini D, Schetinger MRC, Lopes STA, Leal MLR. E-ADA activity in erythrocytes of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and its possible functional correlations with anemia. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1026-30. [PMID: 23928180 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activity in erythrocytes of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, correlating it with the degrees of anemia of the experimental animals. A total of 14 healthy lambs, with negative fecal exam for parasites, were to carry out the present study. They were divided into two groups, composed by seven animals: Group A represented the healthy animals (uninfected), while in Group B the animals were infected with 15,000 larvae of H. contortus. Blood was drawn on the days 15, 45 and 75 post-infection (PI) in order to perform the hematological analysis, as well as the mensuration of E-ADA activity in erythrocytes. Parasitological stool exam were performed on the same days mentioned above to follow up the evolution of the infection, as well to determine the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). On day 15PI, the animals presented negative EPG and there was not significant (P>0.05) difference between groups in relation to E-ADA activity and hematologic parameters. Animals in Group B had positive EPG for helminths on days 45 and 75 PI, accompanied by varying degrees of anemia, when compared to Group A. At the same periods E-ADA activity was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the erythrocytes of animals of Group B when compared with the not-infected ones. Statistically, there was a negative correlation (P<0.01) between activity E-ADA in erythrocytes and hematocrit on days 45 (r = -0.76) and 75 (r = -0.85)PI. Based on these results and in the scientific literature, it is possible to conclude that the E-ADA may participate on mechanisms related with the pathogenesis and host response against anemia caused by H. contortus.
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Ehrentraut H, Clambey ET, McNamee EN, Brodsky KS, Ehrentraut SF, Poth JM, Riegel AK, Westrich JA, Colgan SP, Eltzschig HK. CD73+ regulatory T cells contribute to adenosine-mediated resolution of acute lung injury. FASEB J 2013; 27:2207-19. [PMID: 23413361 PMCID: PMC3659359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by alveolar injury and uncontrolled inflammation. Since most cases of ALI resolve spontaneously, understanding the endogenous mechanisms that promote ALI resolution is important to developing effective therapies. Previous studies have implicated extracellular adenosine signaling in tissue adaptation and wound healing. Therefore, we hypothesized a functional contribution for the endogenous production of adenosine during ALI resolution. As a model, we administered intratracheal LPS and observed peak lung injury at 3 d, with resolution by d 14. Treatment with pegylated adenosine-deaminase to enhance extracellular adenosine breakdown revealed impaired ALI resolution. Similarly, genetic deletion of cd73, the pacemaker for extracellular adenosine generation, was associated with increased mortality (0% wild-type and 40% in cd73(-/-) mice; P<0.05) and failure to resolve ALI adequately. Studies of inflammatory cell trafficking into the lungs during ALI resolution revealed that regulatory T cells (Tregs) express the highest levels of CD73. While Treg numbers in cd73(-/-) mice were similar to controls, cd73-deficient Tregs had attenuated immunosuppressive functions. Moreover, adoptive transfer of cd73-deficient Tregs into Rag(-/-) mice emulated the observed phenotype in cd73(-/-) mice, while transfer of wild-type Tregs was associated with normal ALI resolution. Together, these studies implicate CD73-dependent adenosine generation in Tregs in promoting ALI resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ehrentraut
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan F. Ehrentraut
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens M. Poth
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Ning C, Luo R, Sun K, Glover L, Grenz A, Sun H, Tao L, Zhang W, Colgan SP, Blackburn MR, Eltzschig HK, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Elevated ecto-5'-nucleotidase-mediated increased renal adenosine signaling via A2B adenosine receptor contributes to chronic hypertension. Circ Res 2013; 112:1466-78. [PMID: 23584256 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypertension is the most prevalent life-threatening disease worldwide and is frequently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular basis underlying hypertensive CKD is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify specific factors and signaling pathways that contribute to hypertensive CKD and thereby exacerbate disease progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Using high-throughput quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction profiling, we discovered that the expression level of 5'-ectonucleotidase (CD73), a key enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, was significantly increased in the kidneys of angiotensin II-infused mice, an animal model of hypertensive nephropathy. Genetic and pharmacological studies in mice revealed that elevated CD73-mediated excess renal adenosine preferentially induced A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) production and that enhanced kidney ADORA2B signaling contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Similarly, in humans, we found that CD73 and ADORA2B levels were significantly elevated in the kidneys of CKD patients compared with normal individuals and were further elevated in hypertensive CKD patients. These findings led us to further discover that elevated renal CD73 contributes to excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation that directly stimulates endothelin-1 production in a hypoxia-inducible factor-α-dependent manner and underlies the pathogenesis of the disease. Finally, we revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor-α is an important factor responsible for angiotensin II-induced CD73 and ADORA2B expression at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our studies reveal that angiotensin II-induced renal CD73 promotes the production of renal adenosine that is a prominent driver of hypertensive CKD by enhanced ADORA2B signaling-mediated endothelin-1 induction in a hypoxia-inducible factor-α-dependent manner. The inhibition of excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling represents a novel therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiru Zhang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chen JF, Eltzschig HK, Fredholm BB. Adenosine receptors as drug targets--what are the challenges? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:265-86. [PMID: 23535933 PMCID: PMC3930074 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine signalling has long been a target for drug development, with adenosine itself or its derivatives being used clinically since the 1940s. In addition, methylxanthines such as caffeine have profound biological effects as antagonists at adenosine receptors. Moreover, drugs such as dipyridamole and methotrexate act by enhancing the activation of adenosine receptors. There is strong evidence that adenosine has a functional role in many diseases, and several pharmacological compounds specifically targeting individual adenosine receptors--either directly or indirectly--have now entered the clinic. However, only one adenosine receptor-specific agent--the adenosine A2A receptor agonist regadenoson (Lexiscan; Astellas Pharma)--has so far gained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we focus on the biology of adenosine signalling to identify hurdles in the development of additional pharmacological compounds targeting adenosine receptors and discuss strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Eltzschig HK, Bonney SK, Eckle T. Attenuating myocardial ischemia by targeting A2B adenosine receptors. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:345-54. [PMID: 23540714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is associated with profound tissue hypoxia due to an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, and studies of hypoxia-elicited adaptive responses during myocardial ischemia revealed a cardioprotective role for the signaling molecule adenosine. In ischemic human hearts, the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) is selectively induced. Functional studies in genetic models show that ADORA2B signaling attenuates myocardial infarction by adapting metabolism towards more oxygen efficient utilization of carbohydrates. This adenosine-mediated cardio-adaptive response involves the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α and the circadian rhythm protein PER2. In this article, we discuss advances in the understanding of adenosine-elicited cardioprotection with particular emphasis on ADORA2B, its downstream targets, and the implications for novel strategies to prevent or treat myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Eltzschig
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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131
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Sickle cell vaso-occlusion causes activation of iNKT cells that is decreased by the adenosine A2A receptor agonist regadenoson. Blood 2013; 121:3329-34. [PMID: 23377438 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-11-465963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonists reduce invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell activation and decrease inflammation in sickle cell disease (SCD) mice. We conducted a phase 1 trial of the A2AR agonist regadenoson in adults with SCD. The target dose was 1.44 μg/kg/h. iNKT cell activation was evaluated using antibodies targeting the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (phospho-NF-κB p65), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and A2AR. Regadenoson was administered to 27 adults with SCD. We examined 21 patients at steady state and 6 during painful vaso-occlusive crises (pVOC). iNKT cell activation was also measured in 14 African-American controls. During pVOC, the fraction of iNKT cells demonstrating increased phospho-NF-κB p65 and A2AR expression was significantly higher compared with controls (P < .01) and steady-state patients (P < .05). IFN-γ expression was also significantly higher compared with controls (P = .02). After a 24-hour infusion of regadenoson during pVOC, phospho-NF-κB p65 activation in iNKT cells decreased compared to baseline by a median of 48% (P = .03) to levels similar to controls and steady-state SCD. No toxicities were identified. Infusional regadenoson administered to adults with SCD at 1.44 μg/kg/h during pVOC decreases activation of iNKT cells without toxicity.
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Xia Y, Blackburn MR. Adenosine signaling during acute and chronic disease states. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:173-81. [PMID: 23340998 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-0997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a signaling nucleoside that is produced following tissue injury, particularly injury involving ischemia and hypoxia. The production of extracellular adenosine and its subsequent signaling through adenosine receptors plays an important role in orchestrating injury responses in multiple organs. There are four adenosine receptors that are widely distributed on immune, epithelial, endothelial, neuronal,and stromal cells throughout the body. Interestingly, these receptors are subject to altered regulation following injury. Studies in mouse models and human cells and tissues have identified that the production of adenosine and its subsequent signaling through its receptors plays largely beneficial roles in acute disease states, with the exception of brain injury. In contrast, if elevated adenosine levels are sustained beyond the acute injury phase, adenosine responses can become detrimental by activating pathways that promote tissue injury and fibrosis. Understanding when during the course of disease adenosine signaling is beneficial as opposed to detrimental and defining the mechanisms involved will be critical for the advancement of adenosine-based therapies for acute and chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss key observations that define the beneficial and detrimental aspects of adenosine signaling during acute and chronic disease states with an emphasis on cellular processes, such as inflammatory cell regulation, vascular barrier function, and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Blvd, Suite 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Eckhart AD, Beebe K, Milburn M. Metabolomics as a key integrator for "omic" advancement of personalized medicine and future therapies. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:285-8. [PMID: 22686208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation into biological complexity, whether for a better understanding of disease or drug process, is a monumental task plaguing investigators. The lure of "omic" technologies for circumventing much of these challenges has led to widespread efforts and adoption. It is becoming clearer that a single "omic" approach (e.g., genomics) is often insufficient for completely defining the complexity in these biological systems. Hence, there is an increasing awareness that a "systems" approach will serve to increase resolution and confidence and provide a strong foundation for further hypothesis-driven investigation. Although certain metabolites are already considered clinically important, the profiling of metabolites via metabolomics (the profiling of metabolites to fully characterize metabolic pathways) is the most recent to mature of these "omic" technologies and has been only recently adopted as compared to genomic or proteomic approaches in systems inquiries. Recent reports suggest that this "omic" may well be a key data stream in systems investigations for endeavors in personalized medicine and biomarker identification, as it seems most closely relevant to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Eckhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Grenz A, Kim JH, Bauerle JD, Tak E, Eltzschig HK, Clambey ET. Adora2b adenosine receptor signaling protects during acute kidney injury via inhibition of neutrophil-dependent TNF-α release. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4566-73. [PMID: 23028059 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia is among the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that extracellular adenosine is a prominent tissue-protective cue elicited during ischemia, including signaling events through the adenosine receptor 2b (Adora2b). To investigate the functional role of Adora2b signaling in cytokine-mediated inflammatory pathways, we screened wild-type and Adora2b-deficient mice undergoing renal ischemia for expression of a range of inflammatory cytokines. These studies demonstrated a selective and robust increase of TNF-α levels in Adora2b-deficient mice following renal ischemia and reperfusion. Based on these findings, we next sought to understand the contribution of TNF-α on ischemic AKI through a combination of loss- and gain-of-function studies. Loss of TNF-α, through either Ab blockade or study of Tnf-α-deficient animals, resulted in significantly attenuated tissue injury and improved kidney function following renal ischemia. Conversely, transgenic mice with overexpression of TNF-α had significantly pronounced susceptibility to AKI. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion or reconstitution of Adora2b(-/-) mice with Tnf-α-deficient neutrophils rescued their phenotype. In total, these data demonstrate a critical role of adenosine signaling in constraining neutrophil-dependent production of TNF-α and implicate therapies targeting TNF-α in the treatment of ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Grenz
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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135
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Desai AA, Zhou T, Ahmad H, Zhang W, Mu W, Trevino S, Wade MS, Raghavachari N, Kato GJ, Peters-Lawrence MH, Thiruvoipati T, Turner K, Artz N, Huang Y, Patel AR, Yuan JXJ, Gordeuk VR, Lang RM, Garcia JGN, Machado RF. A novel molecular signature for elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity in sickle cell disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:359-68. [PMID: 22679008 PMCID: PMC3443809 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201201-0057oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE An increased tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRV > 2.5 m/s) and pulmonary hypertension defined by right heart catheterization both independently confer increased mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). OBJECTIVES We explored the usefulness of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived gene signatures as biomarkers for an elevated TRV in SCD. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with SCD underwent echocardiography and peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation for expression profiling and 112 patients with SCD were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Genome-wide gene and miRNA expression profiles were correlated against TRV, yielding 631 transcripts and 12 miRNAs. Support vector machine analysis identified a 10-gene signature including GALNT13 (encoding polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13) that discriminates patients with and without increased TRV with 100% accuracy. This finding was then validated in a cohort of patients with SCD without (n = 10) and with pulmonary hypertension (n = 10, 90% accuracy). Increased TRV-related miRNAs revealed strong in silico binding predictions of miR-301a to GALNT13 corroborated by microarray analyses demonstrating an inverse correlation between their expression. A genetic association study comparing patients with an elevated (n = 49) versus normal (n = 63) TRV revealed five significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms within GALNT13 (P < 0.005), four trans-acting (P < 2.1 × 10(-7)) and one cis-acting (P = 0.6 × 10(-4)) expression quantitative trait locus upstream of the adenosine-A2B receptor gene (ADORA2B). CONCLUSIONS These studies validate the clinical usefulness of genomic signatures as potential biomarkers and highlight ADORA2B and GALNT13 as potential candidate genes in SCD-associated elevated TRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit A. Desai
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine
- Section of Cardiology
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine
| | - Homaa Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics, Cancer Center
| | - Wenbo Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics, Cancer Center
| | - Sharon Trevino
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, and
| | | | | | - Gregory J. Kato
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Marlene H. Peters-Lawrence
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | | | - Kristin Turner
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Nicole Artz
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amit R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Victor R. Gordeuk
- Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto M. Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Roberto F. Machado
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, and
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Sickling cells, cyclic nucleotides, and protein kinases: the pathophysiology of urogenital disorders in sickle cell anemia. Anemia 2012; 2012:723520. [PMID: 22745902 PMCID: PMC3382378 DOI: 10.1155/2012/723520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia is one of the best studied inherited diseases, and despite being caused by a single point mutation in the HBB gene, multiple pleiotropic effects of the abnormal hemoglobin S production range from vaso-occlusive crisis, stroke, and pulmonary hypertension to osteonecrosis and leg ulcers. Urogenital function is not spared, and although priapism is most frequently remembered, other related clinical manifestations have been described, such as nocturia, enuresis, increased frequence of lower urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence, hypogonadism, and testicular infarction. Studies on sickle cell vaso-occlusion and priapism using both in vitro and in vivo models have shed light on the pathogenesis of some of these events. The authors review what is known about the deleterious effects of sickling on the genitourinary tract and how the role of cyclic nucleotides signaling and protein kinases may help understand the pathophysiology underlying these manifestations and develop novel therapies in the setting of urogenital disorders in sickle cell disease.
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137
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Zhang Y, Xia Y. Adenosine signaling in normal and sickle erythrocytes and beyond. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:863-73. [PMID: 22634345 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a debilitating hemolytic genetic disorder with high morbidity and mortality affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although SCD was discovered more than a century ago, no effective mechanism-based prevention and treatment are available due to poorly understood molecular basis of sickling, the fundamental pathogenic process of the disease. SCD patients constantly face hypoxia. One of the best-known signaling molecules to be induced under hypoxic conditions is adenosine. Recent studies demonstrate that hypoxia-mediated elevated adenosine signaling plays an important role in normal erythrocyte physiology. In contrast, elevated adenosine signaling contributes to sickling and multiple life threatening complications including tissue damage, pulmonary dysfunction and priapism. Here, we summarize recent research on the role of adenosine signaling in normal and sickle erythrocytes, progression of the disease and therapeutic implications. In normal erythrocytes, both genetic and pharmacological studies demonstrate that adenosine can enhance 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) production via A(2B) receptor (ADORA2B) activation, suggesting that elevated adenosine has an unrecognized role in normal erythrocytes to promote O(2) release and prevent acute ischemic tissue injury. However, in sickle erythrocytes, the beneficial role of excessive adenosine-mediated 2,3-BPG induction becomes detrimental by promoting deoxygenation, polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and subsequent sickling. Additionally, adenosine signaling via the A(2A) receptor (ADORA2A) on invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells inhibits iNKT cell activation and attenuates pulmonary dysfunction in SCD mice. Finally, elevated adenosine coupled with ADORA2BR activation is responsible for priapism, a dangerous complication seen in SCD. Overall, the research reviewed here reveals a differential role of elevated adenosine in normal erythrocytes, sickle erythrocytes, iNK cells and progression of disease. Thus, adenosine signaling represents a potentially important therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
The erectile status of penile tissue is governed largely by the tone of cavernosal smooth muscle cells, which is determined by the balance of vascular relaxants and constrictors. Vascular relaxants play a key role in regulating the tone of cavernosal smooth muscle and thus the initiation and maintenance of penile erection. Early studies drew attention to the potential role of adenosine signaling in this process. However, the serendipitous discovery of the effect of sildenafil on erectile physiology drew more attention toward nitric oxide (NO) as a vasodilator in the process of penile erection, and a recently discovered, unexpected erectile phenotype of adenosine deaminase-deficient mice reemphasizes the importance of adenosine as a key regulatory of erectile status. Adenosine, like NO, is a potent and short-lived vasorelaxant that functions via cyclic nucleotide second messenger signaling to promote smooth muscle relaxation. Recent studies reviewed here show that adenosine functions to relax the corpus cavernosum and promote penile erection. Excess adenosine in penile tissue contributes to the disorder called priapism, and impaired adenosine signaling is associated with erectile dysfunction. More recent research summarized in this review reveals that adenosine functions as a key endogenous vasodilator in the initiation and maintenance of normal penile erection. This new insight highlights adenosine signaling pathways operating in penile tissue as significant therapeutic targets for the treatment of erectile disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT Houston Medical School, Texas 77225, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During critical illness, alterations of intestinal blood supply and inflammatory activation can result in severe intestinal hypoxia (limited oxygen availability). Conditions of hypoxia lead to the activation of a transcriptional program that is under the control of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In many instances, HIF-dependent alterations of gene expression represent endogenous adaptive responses that dampen pathologic inflammation and could be targeted to treat intestinal injury. RECENT FINDINGS Post-translational stabilization of the HIF transcription factor and corresponding changes in gene expression are central to the resolution of intestinal injury. Examples for such responses that we discuss in this review include hypoxia-elicited increases in extracellular adenosine production and signaling, particularly through the A2B adenosine receptor, and intestinal protection provided by hypoxia-inducible netrin-1. SUMMARY The present review focuses on HIF-elicited anti-inflammatory pathways that result in intestinal protection during critical illness. Many of these pathways represent novel therapeutic targets for attenuating multiorgan failure and critical illness. Whereas these therapeutic approaches are currently being investigated in cell culture models or in genetic mouse models, we are optimistic that at least some of these novel targets can be translated from bench to bedside in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Grenz
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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Federico S, Spalluto G. Therapeutic potential of A2 and A3 adenosine receptor: a review of novel patented ligands. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:369-90. [PMID: 22435652 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.669375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenosine exerts its effects by interacting with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) namely A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3), respectively. These are involved in several diseases, for example and most importantly, Parkinson's disease, ischemia and inflammation. There is high interest in the development of potent and selective ligands for these adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, primarily for their therapeutic potential but also as pharmacological tools in receptor studies. AREAS COVERED This paper concentrates on reviewing the therapeutic potential of A(2) and A(3) ARs, which represent the most interesting subtypes of recent years. A general description of each receptor is reported with novel agonist and antagonist structures, patented in 2008 - 2011. PubMed and Free Patents Online databases were principally used to collect all the material. EXPERT OPINION In the past years, by modulating A(2) and A(3)ARs, several new possible therapeutic applications were discovered. For this reason, research concerning AR ligands is still of great interest. In particular, few potent and selective A(2B) agonists and antagonists are actually reported and a clear SAR (structure-activity relationship) profile lacks for this AR subtype. At the A(3)AR, allosteric modulation may prevent problems related to the high difference between rat and human orthosteric sites and simplify the preclinical studies on A(3)AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Italy.
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Francischetti IMB, Oliveira CJ, Ostera GR, Yager SB, Debierre-Grockiego F, Carregaro V, Jaramillo-Gutierrez G, Hume JCC, Jiang L, Moretz SE, Lin CK, Ribeiro JMC, Long CA, Vickers BK, Schwarz RT, Seydel KB, Iacobelli M, Ackerman HC, Srinivasan P, Gomes RB, Wang X, Monteiro RQ, Kotsyfakis M, Sá-Nunes A, Waisberg M. Defibrotide interferes with several steps of the coagulation-inflammation cycle and exhibits therapeutic potential to treat severe malaria. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:786-98. [PMID: 22116094 PMCID: PMC3288196 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.240291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coagulation-inflammation cycle has been implicated as a critical component in malaria pathogenesis. Defibrotide (DF), a mixture of DNA aptamers, displays anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial cell (EC)-protective activities and has been successfully used to treat comatose children with veno-occlusive disease. DF was investigated here as a drug to treat cerebral malaria. METHODS AND RESULTS DF blocks tissue factor expression by ECs incubated with parasitized red blood cells and attenuates prothrombinase activity, platelet aggregation, and complement activation. In contrast, it does not affect nitric oxide bioavailability. We also demonstrated that Plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol (Pf-GPI) induces tissue factor expression in ECs and cytokine production by dendritic cells. Notably, dendritic cells, known to modulate coagulation and inflammation systemically, were identified as a novel target for DF. Accordingly, DF inhibits Toll-like receptor ligand-dependent dendritic cells activation by a mechanism that is blocked by adenosine receptor antagonist (8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline) but not reproduced by synthetic poly-A, -C, -T, and -G. These results imply that aptameric sequences and adenosine receptor mediate dendritic cells responses to the drug. DF also prevents rosetting formation, red blood cells invasion by P. falciparum and abolishes oocysts development in Anopheles gambiae. In a murine model of cerebral malaria, DF affected parasitemia, decreased IFN-γ levels, and ameliorated clinical score (day 5) with a trend for increased survival. CONCLUSION Therapeutic use of DF in malaria is proposed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anticoagulants/pharmacology
- Antimalarials/pharmacology
- Blood Coagulation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement Activation/drug effects
- Cytokines/blood
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/parasitology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/parasitology
- Female
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Malaria, Cerebral/blood
- Malaria, Cerebral/drug therapy
- Malaria, Cerebral/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/parasitology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Plasmodium berghei/drug effects
- Plasmodium berghei/pathogenicity
- Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects
- Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development
- Plasmodium falciparum/metabolism
- Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Polydeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Thromboplastin/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M B Francischetti
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ehrentraut H, Westrich JA, Eltzschig HK, Clambey ET. Adora2b adenosine receptor engagement enhances regulatory T cell abundance during endotoxin-induced pulmonary inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32416. [PMID: 22389701 PMCID: PMC3289657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory signals play an essential role in constraining the magnitude of an inflammatory response. Extracellular adenosine is a critical tissue-protective factor, limiting the extent of inflammation. Given the potent anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular adenosine, we sought to investigate how extracellular adenosine regulates T cell activation and differentiation. Adenosine receptor activation by a pan adenosine-receptor agonist enhanced the abundance of murine regulatory T cells (Tregs), a cell type critical in constraining inflammation. Gene expression studies in both naïve CD4 T cells and Tregs revealed that these cells expressed multiple adenosine receptors. Based on recent studies implicating the Adora2b in endogenous anti-inflammatory responses during acute inflammation, we used a pharmacologic approach to specifically activate Adora2b. Indeed, these studies revealed robust enhancement of Treg differentiation in wild-type mice, but not in Adora2b−/− T cells. Finally, when we subjected Adora2b-deficient mice to endotoxin-induced pulmonary inflammation, we found that these mice experienced more severe inflammation, characterized by increased cell recruitment and increased fluid leakage into the airways. Notably, Adora2b-deficient mice failed to induce Tregs after endotoxin-induced inflammation and instead had an enhanced recruitment of pro-inflammatory effector T cells. In total, these data indicate that the Adora2b adenosine receptor serves a potent anti-inflammatory role, functioning at least in part through the enhancement of Tregs, to limit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric T. Clambey
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Grenz A, Bauerle JD, Dalton JH, Ridyard D, Badulak A, Tak E, McNamee EN, Clambey E, Moldovan R, Reyes G, Klawitter J, Ambler K, Magee K, Christians U, Brodsky KS, Ravid K, Choi DS, Wen J, Lukashev D, Blackburn MR, Osswald H, Coe IR, Nürnberg B, Haase VH, Xia Y, Sitkovsky M, Eltzschig HK. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) regulates postischemic blood flow during acute kidney injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:693-710. [PMID: 22269324 DOI: 10.1172/jci60214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex biologic network regulates kidney perfusion under physiologic conditions. This system is profoundly perturbed following renal ischemia, a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) - a life-threatening condition that frequently complicates the care of hospitalized patients. Therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AKI are extremely limited. Better understanding of the molecular pathways promoting postischemic reflow could provide new candidate targets for AKI therapeutics. Due to its role in adapting tissues to hypoxia, we hypothesized that extracellular adenosine has a regulatory function in the postischemic control of renal perfusion. Consistent with the notion that equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) terminate adenosine signaling, we observed that pharmacologic ENT inhibition in mice elevated renal adenosine levels and dampened AKI. Deletion of the ENTs resulted in selective protection in Ent1-/- mice. Comprehensive examination of adenosine receptor-knockout mice exposed to AKI demonstrated that renal protection by ENT inhibitors involves the A2B adenosine receptor. Indeed, crosstalk between renal Ent1 and Adora2b expressed on vascular endothelia effectively prevented a postischemic no-reflow phenomenon. These studies identify ENT1 and adenosine receptors as key to the process of reestablishing renal perfusion following ischemic AKI. If translatable from mice to humans, these data have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Grenz
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Rached FB, Ndjembo‐Ezougou C, Chandran S, Talabani H, Yera H, Dandavate V, Bourdoncle P, Meissner M, Tatu U, Langsley G. Construction of a
Plasmodium falciparum
Rab‐interactome identifies CK1 and PKA as Rab‐effector kinases in malaria parasites. Biol Cell 2011; 104:34-47. [PMID: 22188458 PMCID: PMC3437490 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Ben Rached
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Carinne Ndjembo‐Ezougou
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Syama Chandran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
| | - Hana Talabani
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Hélène Yera
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France
| | - Vrushali Dandavate
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Markus Meissner
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Wellcome Centre for Parasitology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Utpal Tatu
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
| | - Gordon Langsley
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
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Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion-elicited tissue injury contributes to morbidity and mortality in a wide range of pathologies, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, trauma, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease and sleep apnea. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is also a major challenge during organ transplantation and cardiothoracic, vascular and general surgery. An imbalance in metabolic supply and demand within the ischemic organ results in profound tissue hypoxia and microvascular dysfunction. Subsequent reperfusion further enhances the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and cell death programs. Recent advances in understanding the molecular and immunological consequences of ischemia and reperfusion may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for treating patients with ischemia and reperfusion-associated tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Wen J, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Impaired erectile function in CD73-deficient mice with reduced endogenous penile adenosine production. J Sex Med 2011; 8:2172-80. [PMID: 21595838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenosine has been implicated in normal and abnormal penile erection. However, a direct role of endogenous adenosine in erectile physiology and pathology has not been established. AIM To determine the functional role of endogenous adenosine production in erectile function. METHODS CD73-deficient mice (CD73(-/-)) and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were used. Some WT mice were treated with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (APCP), a CD73-specific inhibitor. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure adenosine levels in mouse penile tissues. In vivo assessment of intracorporal pressure (ICP) normalized to mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to electrical stimulation (ES) of the cavernous nerve was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT The main outcome measures of this study were the in vivo assessment of initiation and maintenance of penile erection in WT mice and mice with deficiency in CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase), a key cell-surface enzyme to produce extracellular adenosine. RESULTS Endogenous adenosine levels were elevated in the erected state induced by ES of cavernous nerve compared to the flaccid state in WT mice but not in CD73(-/-) mice. At cellular levels, we identified that CD73 was highly expressed in the neuronal, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in mouse penis. Functionally, we found that the ratio of ES-induced ICP to MAP in CD73(-/-) mice was reduced from 0.48 ± 0.03 to 0.33 ± 0.05 and ES-induced slope was reduced from 0.30 ± 0.13 mm Hg/s to 0.15 ± 0.05 mm Hg/s (both P < 0.05). The ratio of ES-induced ICP to MAP in APCP-treated WT mice was reduced from 0.49 ± 0.03 to 0.38 ± 0.06 and ES-induced slope was reduced from 0.29 ± 0.11 mm Hg/s to 0.19 ± 0.04 mm Hg/s (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, our findings demonstrate that CD73-dependent production of endogenous adenosine plays a direct role in initiation and maintenance of penile erection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wen J, Grenz A, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Kellems RE, Blackburn MR, Eltzschig HK, Xia Y. A2B adenosine receptor contributes to penile erection via PI3K/AKT signaling cascade-mediated eNOS activation. FASEB J 2011; 25:2823-30. [PMID: 21566208 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-181057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Normal penile erection is under the control of multiple factors and signaling pathways. Although adenosine signaling is implicated in normal and abnormal penile erection, the exact role and the underlying mechanism for adenosine signaling in penile physiology remain elusive. Here we report that shear stress leads to increased adenosine release from endothelial cells. Subsequently, we determined that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a key enzyme required for the production of elevated adenosine from ATP released by shear-stressed endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that shear stress-mediated elevated adenosine functions through the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and subsequent increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation. These in vitro studies led us to discover further that adenosine was induced during sustained penile erection and contributes to PI3K/AKT activation and subsequent eNOS phosphorylation via A(2B)R signaling in intact animal. Finally, we demonstrate that lowering adenosine in wild-type mice or genetic deletion of A(2B)R in mutant mice significantly attenuated PI3K/AKT activation, eNOS phosphorylation, and subsequent impaired penile erection featured with the reduction of ratio of maximal intracavernosal pressure to systemic arterial pressure from 0.49 ± 0.03 to 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.04, respectively (both P<0.05). Overall, using biochemical, cellular, genetic, and physiological approaches, our findings reveal that adenosine is a novel molecule signaling via A(2B)R activation, contributing to penile erection via PI3K/AKT-dependent eNOS activation. These studies suggest that this signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for erectile disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Field JJ, Nathan DG, Linden J. Targeting iNKT cells for the treatment of sickle cell disease. Clin Immunol 2011; 140:177-83. [PMID: 21429807 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) causes widely disseminated vaso-occlusive episodes. Building on evidence implicating invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury, recent studies demonstrate that blockade of iNKT cell activation in mice with SCD reduces pulmonary inflammation and injury. In patients with SCD, iNKT cells in blood are increased in absolute number and activated in comparison to healthy controls. iNKT cell activation is reduced by agonists of adenosine 2A receptors (A(2A)Rs) such as the clinically approved coronary vasodilator, regadenoson. An ongoing multi-center, dose-finding and safety trial of infused regadenoson, has been initiated and is providing preliminary data about its safety and efficacy to treat SCD. Very high accumulation of adenosine may have deleterious effects in SCD through activation of adenosine 2B receptors that are insensitive to regadenoson. Future possible therapeutic approaches for treating SCD include selective A(2B)R antagonists and antibodies that deplete iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Field
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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