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Fang Z, Meng Q, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Liang C, Hua J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Shi S. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts: recent advances and future perspectives. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:3-41. [PMID: 36424360 PMCID: PMC9859735 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well-known signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt, Hippo, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, as well as transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), P53, Snail, and Twist, constitute complex regulatory networks in the TME to modulate the formation, activation, heterogeneity, metabolic characteristics and malignant phenotype of CAFs. Activated CAFs remodel the TME and influence the malignant biological processes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptional and secretory characteristics, and this modulation partially depends on the regulation of signaling cascades. The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicated that therapies targeting signaling pathways in CAFs demonstrated promising efficacy but were also accompanied by some failures (e.g., NCT01130142 and NCT01064622). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling cascades in CAFs might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the development of more efficient and safer stroma-targeted cancer therapies. Here, we review recent advances in studies of signaling pathways in CAFs and briefly discuss some future perspectives on CAF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Fang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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102
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Characterization of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Identifies a Gene Signature for Predicting Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Responses in Bladder Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9593039. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9593039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The complex etiological variables and high heterogeneity of bladder cancer (BC) make prognostic prediction challenging. We aimed to develop a robust and promising gene signature using advanced machine learning methods for predicting the prognosis and therapy responses of BC patients. Methods. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm and univariable Cox regression were used to identify the primary risk hallmark among the various cancer hallmarks. Machine learning methods were then combined with survival and differential gene expression analyses to construct a novel prognostic signature, which would be validated in two additional independent cohorts. Moreover, relationships between this signature and therapy responses were also identified. Functional enrichment analysis and immune cell estimation were also conducted to provide insights into the potential mechanisms of BC. Results. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was identified as the primary risk factor for the survival of BC patients (HR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.26-1.63). A novel EMT-related gene signature was constructed and validated in three independent cohorts, showing stable and accurate performance in predicting clinical outcomes. Furthermore, high-risk patients had poor prognoses and multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed this to be an independent risk factor for patient survival. CD8+ T cells, Tregs, and M2 macrophages were found abundantly in the tumor microenvironment of high-risk patients. Moreover, it was anticipated that high-risk patients would be more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs, while low-risk patients would benefit more from immunotherapy. Conclusions. We successfully identified and validated a novel EMT-related gene signature for predicting clinical outcomes and therapy responses in BC patients, which may be useful in clinical practice for risk stratification and individualized treatment.
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103
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. E-Cadherin Expression in Relation to Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214383. [PMID: 36430858 PMCID: PMC9695266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that loss/reduction of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells promotes their migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also an indicator of cancer cells' aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess how the expression of E-cadherin varies in primary ovarian cancer tissue in regard to overall survival of patients; FIGO stage; grade; histopathological type of tumor; and potential factors discriminating malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors. Our analysis was based on literature research (1 January 2000-8 November 2021) conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Most studies support the assumption that loss/reduced expression of E-cadherin results in shorter overall survival of EOC patients. Moreover, most research has shown that there is a correlation between the low level of E-cadherin and the advancement stage of disease, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma type. However, E-cadherin expression seems to not be helpful to distinguish malignant and nonmalignant tumors. In conclusion, reduced E-cadherin expression in primary ovarian cancer tissue may indicate a less favorable disease outcome and is associated with high advancement of the disease.
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104
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Li J, Liu H, Lin Q, Chen H, Liu L, Liao H, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Shen A, Chen G. Baicalin suppresses the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via the TGF-β/lncRNA-MALAT1/miR-200c signaling pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29328. [PMID: 36401368 PMCID: PMC9678613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death and failure of cancer chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (BC). Activation of TGF-β/lncRNA-MALAT1/miR-200c has been reported to play an essential role during the metastasis of BC cells. The present study aimed to validate the suppression of BC-cell migration and invasion by baicalin and explore its regulatory effects on the TGF-β/lncRNA-MALAT1/miR-200c signaling pathway. We found that baicalin treatment inhibited cell viability and migration and invasion. Mechanistically, baicalin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of TGF-β, ZEB1, and N-cadherin and upregulated E-cadherin on both mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, baicalin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of lncRNA-MALAT1 and upregulated that of miR-200c. Collectively, baicalin significantly suppresses cell viability, migration, and invasion of BC cells possibly by regulating the TGF-β/lncRNA-MALAT1/miR-200c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Li
- Department of pharmacy department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiwang Lin
- Department of pharmacy department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huajiao Chen
- Department of pharmacy department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongjuan Liao
- Department of pharmacy department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guolong Chen
- Department of pharmacy department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Guolong Chen, Department of Pharmacy Department, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (e-mail: )
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105
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Barboura M, Cornebise C, Hermetet F, Guerrache A, Selmi M, Salek A, Chekir-Ghedira L, Aires V, Delmas D. Tannic Acid, A Hydrolysable Tannin, Prevents Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Counteract Colorectal Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223645. [PMID: 36429073 PMCID: PMC9688195 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the medico-surgical progress that has been made in the management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the prognosis at five years remains poor. This resistance of cancer cells partly results from their phenotypic characteristics in connection with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present study, we have explored the ability of a polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), to counteract CRC cell proliferation and invasion through an action on the EMT. We highlight that TA decreases human SW480 and SW620 CRC cell and murine CT26 CRC cell viability, and TA inhibits their adhesion in the presence of important factors comprising the extracellular matrix, particularly in the presence of collagen type I and IV, and fibronectin. Moreover, these properties were associated with TA's ability to disrupt CRC cell migration and invasion, which are induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), as evidence in the video microscopy experiments showing that TA blocks the TGF-β1-induced migration of SW480 and CT26 cells. At the molecular level, TA promotes a reversal of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing the mesenchymal markers (i.e., Slug, Snail, ZEB1, and N-cadherin) and re-expressing the epithelial markers (i.e., E-cadherin and β-catenin). These effects could result from a disruption of the non-canonical signaling pathway that is induced by TGF-β1, where TA strongly decreases the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase ERK1/2, P38 and the AKT proteins that are well known to contribute to the EMT, the cell motility, and the acquisition of invasive properties by tumor cells. Very interestingly, a preclinical study of mice with subcutaneous murine tumor colon CT26 cells has shown that TA was able to significantly delay the growth of tumors without hepato- and nephrotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahassen Barboura
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
- Research Unit Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Clarisse Cornebise
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Hermetet
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Abderrahmane Guerrache
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231—DesCartes Team, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mouna Selmi
- Research Unit Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Abir Salek
- Research Unit Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Research Unit Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Virginie Aires
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Delmas
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc Center, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-380-39-32-26
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106
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Li H, Wang S, Li X, Weng Y, Guo D, Kong P, Cheng C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Cheng X, Cui Y. CDCA7 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via transcriptionally regulating Smad4/Smad7 in ESCC. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:91-104. [PMID: 36056599 PMCID: PMC9807500 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle associated 7 (CDCA7) is a copy number amplification gene that contributes to the metastasis and invasion of tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This present study aimed at clarifying whether high expression of CDCA7 promotes the metastasis and invasion of ESCC cell lines and exploring the underlying mechanisms implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC. The role of CDCA7 in the regulation of ESCC metastasis and invasion was evaluated using ESCC cell lines. Expression of EMT-related markers including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and Slug, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway including Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7 were detected in CDCA7 knockdown and overexpressed cell lines. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue assay were used to explore the underlying mechanisms that CDCA7 contributed to the metastasis and invasion of ESCC. High CDCA7 expression significantly promoted the metastasis and invasion of ESCC cell lines both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the expression of CDCA7 positively correlated with the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, TGF-β signaling pathway and negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, CDCA7 transcriptionally regulated the expression of Smad4 and Smad7. Knockdown of CDCA7 inhibited the TGF-β signaling pathway and therefore inhibited EMT. Our data indicated that CDCA7 was heavily involved in EMT by regulating the expression of Smad4 and Smad7 in TGF-β signaling pathway. CDCA7 might be a new therapeutic target in the suppression of metastasis and invasion of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiubo Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yongjia Weng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Dinghe Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Caixia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yongping Cui
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical ScienceShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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107
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The Molecular and Cellular Strategies of Glioblastoma and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Conferring Radioresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113577. [PMID: 36362359 PMCID: PMC9656305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. Therefore, delineating the major radioresistance mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize these diseases to IR and improve patient outcomes. This review provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GBM and NSCLC radioresistance, where it sheds light on the role played by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as discusses comprehensively how the cellular dormancy/non-proliferating state and polyploidy impact on their survival and relapse post-IR exposure.
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108
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Azizidoost S, Nasrolahi A, Ghaedrahmati F, Kempisty B, Mozdziak P, Radoszkiewicz K, Farzaneh M. The pathogenic roles of lncRNA-Taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 36333703 PMCID: PMC9636703 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a gastrointestinal tumor that develops from the colon, rectum, or appendix. The prognosis of CRC patients especially those with metastatic lesions remains unsatisfactory. Although various conventional methods have been used for the treatment of patients with CRC, the early detection and identification of molecular mechanisms associated with CRC is necessary. The scientific literature reports that altered expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributed to the pathogenesis of CRC cells. LncRNA TUG1 was reported to target various miRNAs and signaling pathways to mediate CRC cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Therefore, TUG1 might be a potent predictive/prognostic biomarker for diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Graduate Physiology Program, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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109
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Saliem SS, Bede SY, Cooper PR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Abdullah BH. Pathogenesis of periodontitis - A potential role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:268-278. [PMID: 36159185 PMCID: PMC9489739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process comprising cellular and molecular events which result in cells shifting from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Periodontitis is a destructive chronic disease of the periodontium initiated in response to a dysbiotic microbiome, and dominated by Gram-negative bacteria in the subgingival niches accompanied by an aberrant immune response in susceptible subjects. Both EMT and periodontitis share common risk factors and drivers, including Gram-negative bacteria, excess inflammatory cytokine production, smoking, oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus. In addition, periodontitis is characterized by down-regulation of key epithelial markers such as E-cadherin together with up-regulation of transcriptional factors and mesenchymal proteins, including Snail1, vimentin and N-cadherin, which also occur in the EMT program. Clinically, these phenotypic changes may be reflected by increases in microulceration of the pocket epithelial lining, granulation tissue formation, and fibrosis. Both in vitro and in vivo data now support the potential involvement of EMT as a pathogenic mechanism in periodontal diseases which may facilitate bacterial invasion into the underlying gingival tissues and propagation of inflammation. This review surveys the available literature and provides evidence linking EMT to periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif S Saliem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salwan Y Bede
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michael R Milward
- ŌSchool of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, B5 7EG Birmingham, UK
| | - Bashar H Abdullah
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
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110
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Ku SC, Liu HL, Su CY, Yeh IJ, Yen MC, Anuraga G, Ta HDK, Chiao CC, Xuan DTM, Prayugo FB, Wang WJ, Wang CY. Comprehensive analysis of prognostic significance of cadherin (CDH) gene family in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8498-8567. [PMID: 36315446 PMCID: PMC9648792 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading deaths in all kinds of malignancies; therefore, it is important for early detection. At the primary tumor site, tumor cells could take on mesenchymal properties, termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process is partly regulated by members of the cadherin (CDH) family of genes, and it is an essential step in the formation of metastases. There has been a lot of study of the roles of some of the CDH family genes in cancer; however, a holistic approach examining the roles of distinct CDH family genes in the development of breast cancer remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we used a bioinformatics approach to examine expression profiles of CDH family genes using the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2), cBioPortal, MetaCore, and Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) platforms. We revealed that CDH1/2/4/11/12/13 messenger (m)RNA levels are overexpressed in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells and were correlated with poor prognoses in breast cancer patients’ distant metastasis-free survival. An enrichment analysis showed that high expressions of CDH1/2/4/11/12/13 were significantly correlated with cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix remodeling process, the EMT, WNT/beta-catenin, and interleukin-mediated immune responses. Collectively, CDH1/2/4/11/12/13 are thought to be potential biomarkers for breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Liang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - I-Jeng Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chieh Chiao
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Do Thi Minh Xuan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fidelia Berenice Prayugo
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40676, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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111
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Ghasemi F, Alemzadeh E, Allahqoli L, Alemzadeh E, Mazidimoradi A, Salehiniya H, Alkatout I. MicroRNAs Dysregulation as Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102558. [PMID: 36289820 PMCID: PMC9599310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign chronic disease in women that is characterized by the presence of active foci of the endometrium or endometrial tissue occurring outside of the uterus. The disease causes disabling symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility, which negatively affect a patient's quality of life. In addition, endometriosis imposes an immense financial burden on the healthcare system. At present, laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing the disease because other non-invasive diagnostic tests have less accuracy. In addition, other diagnostic tests have low accuracy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a highly sensitive, more specific, and non-invasive test for the early diagnosis of endometriosis. Numerous researchers have suggested miRNAs as potential biomarkers for endometriosis diagnosis due to their specificity and stability. However, the greatest prognostic force is the determination of several miRNAs, the expression of which varies in a given disease. Despite the identification of several miRNAs, the studies are investigatory in nature, and there is no consensus on them. In the present review, we first provide an introduction to the dysregulation of miRNAs in patients with endometriosis and the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the detection of endometriosis. Then we will describe the role of the mir-200 family in endometriosis. Several studies have shown that the expression of the mir-200 family changes in endometriosis patients, suggesting that they could be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Effat Alemzadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Leila Allahqoli
- Midwifery Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran
| | - Esmat Alemzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Afrooz Mazidimoradi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Kiel School of Gynaecological Endoscopy, Campus Kiel, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Ar-nold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 24, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
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112
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Si M, Song Y, Wang X, Wang D, Liu X, Qu X, Song Z, Yu X. CXCL12/CXCR7/β-arrestin1 biased signal promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer by repressing miRNAs through YAP1 nuclear translocation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:171. [PMID: 36210463 PMCID: PMC9549625 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine CXC motif receptor 7 (CXCR7) is an atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals in a biased fashion. CXCL12/CXCR7 biased signal has been reported to play crucial roles in multiple stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR7 biased signal in promoting CRC progression and metastasis remains obscure. RESULTS We demonstrate that CXCR7 activation promotes EMT and upregulates the expression of Vimentin and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in CRC cells with concurrent repression of miR-124-3p and miR-188-5p through YAP1 nuclear translocation. Cell transfection and luciferase assay prove that these miRNAs regulate EMT by targeting Vimentin and DCLK1. More importantly, CXCL12/CXCR7/β-arrestin1-mediated biased signal induces YAP1 nuclear translocation, which functions as a transcriptional repressor by interacting with Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and recruiting YY1 to the promoters of miR-124-3p and miR-188-5p. Pharmacological inhibitor of YAP1 suppresses EMT and tumor metastasis upon CXCR7 activation in vivo in tumor xenografts of nude mice and inflammatory colonic adenocarcinoma models. Clinically, the expression of CXCR7 is positively correlated with nuclear YAP1 levels and EMT markers. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal a novel mechanism and clinical significance of CXCL12/CXCR7 biased signal in promoting EMT and invasion in CRC progression. These findings highlight the potential of targeting YAP1 nuclear translocation in hampering CXCL12/CXCR7 biased signal-induced metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Si
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Song
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Song
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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113
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Marles H, Biddle A. Cancer stem cell plasticity and its implications in the development of new clinical approaches for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115212. [PMID: 35985402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents a major worldwide disease burden, with high rates of recurrence and metastatic spread following existing treatment methods. Populations of treatment resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) are well characterised in oral SCC. These populations of CSCs engage the cellular programme known as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) to enhance metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. EMT is characterised by specific morphological changes and the expression of certain cell surface markers that represent a transition from an epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal phenotype. This process is regulated by several cellular pathways that interact both horizontally and hierarchically. The cellular changes in EMT occur along a spectrum, with sub-populations of cells displaying both epithelial and mesenchymal features. The unique features of these CSCs in terms of their EMT state, cell surface markers and metabolism may offer new druggable targets. In addition, these features could be used to identify more aggressive disease states and the opportunity to personalise therapy depending on the presence of certain CSC sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Marles
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Adrian Biddle
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
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Huo J, Li J, Liu Y, Yang L, Cao X, Zhao C, Lu Y, Zhou W, Li S, Liu J, Li J, Li X, Wan J, Wen R, Zhen M, Wang C, Bai C. Amphiphilic Aminated Derivatives of [60]Fullerene as Potent Inhibitors of Tumor Growth and Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201541. [PMID: 36031401 PMCID: PMC9561876 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant proliferation and metastasis are the hallmarks of cancer cells. Aminated [70]fullerene exhibits notable antineoplastic effects, promoting it a candidate for multi-targeted cancer drugs. It is an urgent need to reveal the structure-activity relationship for antineoplastic aminated fullerenes. Herein, three amphiphilic derivatives of [60]fullerene with clarified molecular structures are synthesized: TAPC-4, TAPC-3, and TCPC-4. TAPC-4 inhibits the proliferation of diverse tumor cells via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and abrogates the high mobility of tumor cells. TAPC-4 can be excreted from the organism and achieves an in vivo inhibition index of 75.5% in tumor proliferation and 87.5% in metastatic melanoma with a wide safety margin. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the amphiphilic molecular structure and the ending amino groups promote the targeting of TAPC-4 to heat shock protein Hsp90-beta, vimentin, and myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), probably resulting in the alteration of cyclin D1 translation, vimentin expression, and MYH9 location, respectively. This work initially emphasizes the dominant role of the amphiphilic structure and the terminal amino moieties in the antineoplastic effects of aminated fullerenes, providing fundamental support for their anti-tumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Libin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xinran Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chong Zhao
- School of PharmacyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuian New DistrictGuizhou550025China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jianan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jing Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Rui Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Mingming Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chunli Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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115
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Bartnik P, Kacperczyk-Bartnik J, Goławski K, Sierdziński J, Mańka G, Kiecka M, Lipa M, Warzecha D, Spaczyński R, Piekarski P, Banaszewska B, Jakimiuk AJ, Issat T, Rokita W, Młodawski J, Szubert M, Sieroszewski P, Raba G, Szczupak K, Kluz T, Kluza M, Czajkowski K, Wielgoś M, Koc-Żórawska E, Żórawski M, Laudański P. Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid ZEB Levels in Patients with Endometriosis and Infertility. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102460. [PMID: 36289723 PMCID: PMC9599446 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) are transcription factors that regulate epithelial−mesenchymal transformation (EMT). The aim of this study was to compare levels of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in the peritoneal fluid and plasma between patients with and without endometriosis in order to assess their utility in the diagnostic process. Plasma and peritoneal fluid samples were collected from 50 patients with and 48 without endometriosis during planned surgical procedures in eight clinical centers. Quantitative ZEB1 and ZEB2 levels analyses were performed using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences were observed in ZEB1 levels in any of the subanalyses nor any differences regarding ZEB2 levels between patients with and without endometriosis. Plasma ZEB2 levels were significantly higher among patients with infertility compared to fertile women (16.07 ± 12.70 ng/L vs. 12.07 ± 11.92 ng/L; p < 0.04). Both ZEB1 and ZEB2 do not seem to have a significant value in the initial diagnosis of endometriosis as a single marker. The differences in ZEB2 plasma levels between patients with and without infertility indicate the possibility of EMT dysregulation in the pathogenesis of adverse fertility outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bartnik
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
- Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, 53-125 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
- Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, 53-125 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ksawery Goławski
- I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sierdziński
- Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Lipa
- Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, 53-125 Wrocław, Poland
- I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Warzecha
- I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Spaczyński
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Piekarski
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Banaszewska
- Chair and Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur J. Jakimiuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Center of Reproductive Health, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Issat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rokita
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Combined Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Jakub Młodawski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Combined Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Maria Szubert
- Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, 53-125 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Sieroszewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Raba
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Przemysl, 37-700 Przemysl, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kamil Szczupak
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Przemysl, 37-700 Przemysl, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Kluza
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wielgoś
- I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Koc-Żórawska
- II Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Żórawski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Laudański
- I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
- OVIklinika Infertility Center, 01-377 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Komiyama T, Kuroshima T, Sugasawa T, Fujita SI, Ikami Y, Hirai H, Tsushima F, Michi Y, Kayamori K, Higashino F, Harada H. High expression of Sam68 contributes to metastasis by regulating vimentin expression and a motile phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:183. [PMID: 36082807 PMCID: PMC9478953 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and biological significance of Src-associated in mitosis 68 kDa (Sam68) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue samples obtained from 77 patients with OSCC. Univariate analysis revealed that the high expression of Sam68 was significantly correlated with advanced pathological T stage (P=0.01), positive lymphovascular invasion (P=0.01), and pathological cervical lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the high expression of Sam68 was an independent predictive factor for cervical lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-14.23; P<0.01). These results indicated that high Sam68 expression contributed to tumor progression, especially cervical lymph node metastasis, in OSCC. mRNA sequencing was also performed to assess the changes in the transcriptome between OSCC cells with Sam68 knockdown and control cells with the aim of elucidating the biological roles of Sam68. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were concentrated in some biological processes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among these DEGs, it was established that vimentin was particularly downregulated in these cells. It was also confirmed that Sam68 knockdown reduced the motility of OSCC cells. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study of vimentin identified the association between vimentin expression and Sam68 expression as well as cervical lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the high expression of Sam68 may contribute to metastasis by regulating vimentin expression and a motile mesenchymal phenotype in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Komiyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroshima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tsushima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Michi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
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Zhang M, Yang D, Li L, Liu L, Wang T, Liu T, Li L, Liu Y. Case report: ZEB1 expression in three cases of hepatic carcinosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972650. [PMID: 36172159 PMCID: PMC9511137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic carcinosarcoma (HCS) is defined as a tumor that contains cancer from the epithelium and sarcoma from mesenchymal tissue. HCS has a low incidence rate and is composed of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, or angiosarcoma. Though surgery is the main treatment for HCS, it has proven unsatisfactory, resulting in a very poor prognosis of HCS. Currently, the reports on HCS are mainly about the description of clinical pathological phenomena, imaging features, and mutation sites of related genes, the underlying molecular mechanism of HCS remains undefined. Through the dynamic process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, simultaneously losing epithelial properties. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is an EMT-inducing transcription factor; its main regulatory target is E-cadherin in EMT process. Esophageal carcinosarcoma (ECS) is associated with EMT. The current study showed that EMT might promote the development of ECS and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), and ZEB1 was highly expressed in the sarcomatous components. In the current study, three cases were collected, and the clinicopathological features were compared with those of corresponding cases. The expression level, and subcellular localization of ZEB1 were detected using immunohistochemistry. The expression of the ZEB1 in the nucleus was found to be significantly higher in sarcomatous components than that in cancer components in all three cases, suggesting an association of HCS with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongchang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Liu, ; Ting Wang,
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Liu, ; Ting Wang,
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Huang Y, Hong W, Wei X. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of EMT in tumor progression and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36076302 PMCID: PMC9461252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated with malignant properties of tumor cells during cancer progression and metastasis, including promoted migration and invasiveness, increased tumor stemness, and enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is tightly regulated by a complex network which is orchestrated with several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including multiple transcription factors, post-translational control, epigenetic modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the stages of tumorigenesis involved in the EMT process and discussed the dynamic non-binary process of EMT and its role in tumor metastasis. Finally, we summarized the challenges of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in EMT and proposed strategies for tumor therapy targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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119
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SNAI1-expressing fibroblasts and derived-extracellular matrix as mediators of drug resistance in colorectal cancer patients. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 450:116171. [PMID: 35878797 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antitumor treatments is one of the most important problems faced by clinicians in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main producers and remodelers of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is directly involved in drug resistance mechanisms. Primary Normal Fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs and cell lines (fibroblasts and tumor cells), were used to generate ECM and to identify its role in the oxaliplatin and cetuximab chemoresistance processes of CRC cells mediated by SNAI1-expressing fibroblasts. Matrices generated by Snai1 KO MEFs (Knockout Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts) confer less resistance on oxaliplatin and cetuximab than wild-type MEF-derived matrices. Similarly, matrices derived from CAFs cause greater survival of colorectal cancer cells than NF-derived matrices, in a similar way to Snai1 expression levels. In addition, Snail1 expression in fibroblasts regulates drug resistance and metabolism gene expression in tumor cells mediated by ECM. Finally, a series of 531 patients (TCGA) with CRC was used to assess the role of SNAI1 expression in patients' prognosis indicating an association between tumor SNAI1 expression and overall survival in colon cancer patients but not in rectal cancer patients. SNAI1 expression in CRC cancer patients, together with in vitro experimentation, suggests the possible use of SNAI1 expression in tumor-associated fibroblasts as a predictive biomarker of response to oxaliplatin and cetuximab treatments in patients with CRC.
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Thakur C, Carruthers NJ, Zhang Q, Xu L, Fu Y, Bi Z, Qiu Y, Zhang W, Wadgaonkar P, Almutairy B, Guo C, Stemmer PM, Chen F. Depletion of Mdig Changes Proteomic Profiling in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2021. [PMID: 36009568 PMCID: PMC9405604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are highly aggressive with an overall poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We had previously investigated the role of mdig, an oncogenic gene induced by some environmental risk factors, on the pathogenesis of breast cancer. However, a comprehensive analysis of the proteomic profile affected by mdig in triple-negative breast cancer has not been determined yet. Using label-free bottom-up quantitative proteomics, we compared wildtype control and mdig knockout MDA-MB-231 cells and identified the proteins and pathways that are significantly altered with mdig deletion. A total of 904 differentially expressed (p < 0.005) proteins were identified in the KO cells. Approximately 30 pathways and networks linked to the pathogenicity of breast cancer were either up- or downregulated, such as EIF2 signaling, the unfolded protein response, and isoleucine degradation I. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis established that the differentially expressed proteins have relevant biological actions in cell growth, motility, and malignancy. These data provide the first insight into protein expression patterns in breast cancer associated with a complete disruption of the mdig gene and yielded substantial information on the key proteins, biological processes, and pathways modulated by mdig that contribute to breast cancer tumorigenicity and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Carruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 2309 Scott Hall, 540 E Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chunna Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paul M. Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 2309 Scott Hall, 540 E Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Xiong L, Sun Y, Huang J, Ma P, Wang X, Wang J, Chen B, Chen J, Huang M, Huang S, Liu Y. Long Non-Coding RNA H19 Prevents Lens Fibrosis through Maintaining Lens Epithelial Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162559. [PMID: 36010635 PMCID: PMC9406623 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of lens epithelial cells (LECs) lays the foundation for lens function and transparency. By contrast, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LECs leads to lens fibrosis, such as anterior subcapsular cataracts (ASC) and fibrotic forms of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in regulating TGF-β2-induced EMT during lens fibrosis, revealing a novel lncRNA-based regulatory mechanism. In this work, we identified that lncRNA H19 was highly expressed in LECs, but downregulated by exposure to TGF-β2. In both human lens epithelial explants and SRA01/04 cells, knockdown of H19 aggravated TGF-β2-induced EMT, while overexpressing H19 partially reversed EMT and restored lens epithelial phenotypes. Semi-in vivo whole lens culture and H19 knockout mice demonstrated the indispensable role of H19 in sustaining lens clarity through maintaining LEC features. Bioinformatic analyses further implied a potential H19-centered regulatory mechanism via Smad-dependent pathways, confirmed by in vitro experiments. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel role of H19 in inhibiting TGF-β2-induced EMT of the lens by suppressing Smad-dependent signaling, providing potential therapeutic targets for treating lens fibrosis.
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Ataş MN, Ertuğrul B, İplik ES, Çakmakoğlu B, Ergen A. The inhibitory effect of betulinic acid on epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway in renal cell carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:170. [PMID: 35972672 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal cancer is the most lethal urological cancer and characterized by high metastasis rate at initial diagnosis and drug resistance to current chemotherapeutics. Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene with broad biological activity that occurs naturally in variety of plants. Even though the anti-cancer efficacy of betulinic acid have been reported by many studies, the information about the pathways and the molecules which are affected by betulinic acid in renal cancer are limited. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as the initial step of metastasis and contributes to drug resistance of cancer cells. Depending on the role of EMT in cancer progression and drug resistance, targeting EMT may represent an effective strategy in this context. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-metastatic effects of betulinic acid on renal cell carcinoma cells by evaluating two EMT markers, SNAIL-1, and SDC-2. Following the treatment of betulinic acid at determined doses by WST-1 cytotoxicity assay in our previous study, SDC-2 expression level was decreased in both cell lines. Additionally, in correlation with this result, we also found a reduction in SDC-2 and SNAIL-1 protein levels which are measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the migration and invasion capacities were suppressed by betulinic acid treatment in metastatic renal adenocarcinoma ACHN cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that betulinic acid may constitute a potential treatment approach for renal cancer with further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Ataş
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Ertuğrul
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sinem İplik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedia Çakmakoğlu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ergen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3D Disease Modelling of Hard and Soft Cancer Using PHA-Based Scaffolds. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143549. [PMID: 35884609 PMCID: PMC9321847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumour progression in vivo was able to be well mimicked in 3D culture by utilizing biodegradable 10 mm × 10 mm × 8 mm P(3HO-co-3HD) and P(3HB)-based 3D scaffolds with a pore size of 30 to 300 µm. Both hard (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and soft (HCT116) tumour-related cells were successfully grown on the scaffolds, and their growth patterns were studied for 5 days. MDA-MB-231 tend to grow in clusters, and MCF7 cells form an evenly dispersed layer, which covered most of the 3D PHA scaffolds, while HCT116 formed large colonies within the pockets of the 3D PHA scaffold. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker genes, including Wnt-11, E-cadherin, Vim and Snail expression profiles, were like those seen in real tumour samples, which confirmed that the cancer models were exhibiting real tumour-like characteristics with high fidelity. These models are important in mimicking hypoxic tumours and in studying gene expression, cellular signalling, angiogenesis and drug response for translational research. Abstract Tumour cells are shown to change shape and lose polarity when they are cultured in 3D, a feature typically associated with tumour progression in vivo, thus making it significant to study cancer cells in an environment that mimics the in vivo milieu. In this study we established hard (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, breast cancer) and soft (HCT116, colon cancer) 3D cancer tumour models utilizing a blend of P(3HO-co-3HD) and P(3HB). P(3HO-co-3HD) and P(3HB) belong to a group of natural biodegradable polyesters, PHAs, that are synthesised by microorganisms. The 3D PHA scaffolds produced, with a pore size of 30 to 300 µm, allow for nutrients to diffuse within the scaffold and provide the cells with the flexibility to distribute evenly within the scaffold and grow within the pores. Interestingly, by Day 5, MDA-MB-231 showed dispersed growth in clusters, and MCF7 cells formed an evenly dispersed dense layer, while HCT116 formed large colonies within the pockets of the 3D PHA scaffolds. Our results show Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) marker gene expression profiles in the hard tumour cancer models. In the 3D-based PHA scaffolds, MDA-MB-231 cells expressed higher levels of Wnt-11 and mesenchymal markers, such as Snail and its downstream gene Vim mRNAs, while MCF7 cells exhibited no change in their expression. On the other hand, MCF7 cells exhibited a significantly increased E-Cadherin expression as compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression levels of EMT markers were comparative to their expression reported in the tumour samples, making them good representative of cancer models. In future these models will be helpful in mimicking hypoxic tumours, in studying gene expression, cellular signalling, angiogenesis and drug response more accurately than 2D and perhaps other 3D models.
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Acharya N, Singh KP. Recent advances in the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance and potential application of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory renal cell carcinoma. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1575. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Acharya
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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Shen D, Peng H, Xia C, Deng Z, Tong X, Wang G, Qian K. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939070. [PMID: 35923466 PMCID: PMC9339612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies with frequent remote invasion and metastasis, leading to high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in embryonic development and plays a key role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could regulate the occurrence and development of EMT through various complex molecular mechanisms involving multiple signaling pathways in PCa. Given the importance of EMT and lncRNAs in the progression of tumor metastasis, we recapitulate the research progress of EMT-related signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in PCa, including AR signaling, STAT3 signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize four modes of how lncRNAs participate in the EMT process of PCa via regulating relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Xia
- President’s Office, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
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ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD Multicomplex Contributes to the Epigenetic Regulation of EMT and Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143426. [PMID: 35884488 PMCID: PMC9324012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The EMT plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis, which is the major cause for colorectal carcinoma-related mortality. However, the underlying regulators and mechanisms of EMT in CRC metastasis are still poorly understood; (2) Methods: The transcriptional regulators of EMT in CRC and their functions were examined using RT2212PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay. The components of ZEB2/TWIST1 complex and their mutual interactions were identified via affinity purification, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down experiments. The functional mechanisms of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD axis were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. The contribution of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD complex in the CRC metastasis was investigated using wound healing, transwell assay, and in vivo xenograft mouse model; (3) Results: We found that ZEB2 and TWIST1 were both significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and EMT of CRC cells. ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1 to the E-cadherin promoter and synergistically repressed its transcription. In addition, ZEB2 physically interacted with TWIST1, PRMT5, and the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to form a novel repressive multicomplex, leading to epigenetic silencing of E-cadherin in CRC cells. Notably, the combined inhibition of ZEB2 and TWIST1 and epigenetic inhibition markedly reduced CRC metastasis in mice; (4) Conclusions: We revealed for the first time that ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1, PRMT5, and NuRD to form a repressive multicomplex and epigenetically suppresses the transcription of E-cadherin, thereby inducing the EMT process and metastasis in CRC. Our results also confirmed the therapeutic potential of epigenetic inhibitors in CRC.
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Tu Y, Fang P, Zhang L, Sun K. Analysis of the Effect of SNAI Family in Breast Cancer and Immune Cell. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906885. [PMID: 35898399 PMCID: PMC9309217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAI family members are transcriptional repressors that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition during biological development. SNAIs both have tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effect. There are key regulatory effects on tumor onset and development, and patient prognosis in infiltrations of immune cell and tumor microenvironmental changes. However, the relationships between SNAIs and immune cell infiltration remain unclear. We comprehensively analyzed the roles of SNAIs in cancer. We used Oncomine and TCGA data to analyze pan-cancer SNAI transcript levels. By analyzing UALCAN data, we found correlations between SNAI transcript levels and breast cancer patient characteristics. Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis revealed that SNAI1 and SNAI2 have a bad prognosis, whereas SNAI3 is the opposite. Analysis using the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal revealed alterations in SNAIs in breast cancer subtypes. Gene Ontology analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were used to analyze differentially expressed genes related to SNAI proteins in breast cancer. We used TIMER to analyze the effects of SNAI transcript levels, mutations, methylation levels, and gene copy number in the infiltration of immune cell. Further, we found the relationships between immune cell infiltration, SNAI expression levels, and patient outcomes. To explore how SNAI proteins affect immune cell, we further studied the correlations between immunomodulator expression, chemokine expression, and SNAI expression. The results showed that SNAI protein levels were correlated with the expression of several immunomodulators and chemokines. Through analysis of PharmacoDB data, we identified antitumor drugs related to SNAI family members and analyzed their IC50 effects on various breast cancer cell lines. In summary, our study revealed that SNAI family members regulate different immune cells infiltrations by gene copy number, mutation, methylation, and expression level. SNAI3 and SNIA1/2 have opposite regulatory effects. They all play a key role in tumor development and immune cell infiltration, and can provide a potential target for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Tu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kewang Sun
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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Pouliquen DL, Boissard A, Henry C, Coqueret O, Guette C. Curcuminoids as Modulators of EMT in Invasive Cancers: A Review of Molecular Targets With the Contribution of Malignant Mesothelioma Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934534. [PMID: 35873564 PMCID: PMC9304619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuminoids, which include natural acyclic diarylheptanoids and the synthetic analogs of curcumin, have considerable potential for fighting against all the characteristics of invasive cancers. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for embryonic morphogenesis, however, the last decade has confirmed it orchestrates many features of cancer invasiveness, such as tumor cell stemness, metabolic rewiring, and drug resistance. A wealth of studies has revealed EMT in cancer is in fact driven by an increasing number of parameters, and thus understanding its complexity has now become a cornerstone for defining future therapeutic strategies dealing with cancer progression and metastasis. A specificity of curcuminoids is their ability to target multiple molecular targets, modulate several signaling pathways, modify tumor microenvironments and enhance the host’s immune response. Although the effects of curcumin on these various parameters have been the subject of many reviews, the role of curcuminoids against EMT in the context of cancer have never been reviewed so far. This review first provides an updated overview of all EMT drivers, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and tumor microenvironment components, with a special focus on the most recent findings. Secondly, for each of these drivers the effects of curcumin/curcuminoids on specific molecular targets are analyzed. Finally, we address some common findings observed between data reported in the literature and the results of investigations we conducted on experimental malignant mesothelioma, a model of invasive cancer representing a useful tool for studies on EMT and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Pouliquen
- Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: Daniel L. Pouliquen,
| | - Alice Boissard
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cécile Henry
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Coqueret
- Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Guette
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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129
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Rae S, Spillane C, Blackshields G, Madden SF, Keenan J, Stordal B. The EMT-activator ZEB1 is unrelated to platinum drug resistance in ovarian cancer but is predictive of survival. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1547-1559. [PMID: 35794446 PMCID: PMC9374625 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The IGROVCDDP cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line is an unusual model, as it is also cross-resistant to paclitaxel. IGROVCDDP, therefore, models the resistance phenotype of serous ovarian cancer patients who have failed frontline platinum/taxane chemotherapy. IGROVCDDP has also undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We aim to determine if alterations in EMT-related genes are related to or independent from the drug-resistance phenotypes. EMT gene and protein markers, invasion, motility and morphology were investigated in IGROVCDDP and its parent drug-sensitive cell line IGROV-1. ZEB1 was investigated by qPCR, Western blotting and siRNA knockdown. ZEB1 was also investigated in publicly available ovarian cancer gene-expression datasets. IGROVCDDP cells have decreased protein levels of epithelial marker E-cadherin (6.18-fold, p = 1.58e-04) and higher levels of mesenchymal markers vimentin (2.47-fold, p = 4.43e-03), N-cadherin (4.35-fold, p = 4.76e-03) and ZEB1 (3.43-fold, p = 0.04). IGROVCDDP have a spindle-like morphology consistent with EMT. Knockdown of ZEB1 in IGROVCDDP does not lead to cisplatin sensitivity but shows a reversal of EMT-gene signalling and an increase in cell circularity. High ZEB1 gene expression (HR = 1.31, n = 2051, p = 1.31e-05) is a marker of poor overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian-cancer patients. In contrast, ZEB1 is not predictive of overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian-cancer patients known to be treated with platinum chemotherapy. The increased expression of ZEB1 in IGROVCDDP appears to be independent of the drug-resistance phenotypes. ZEB1 has the potential to be used as biomarker of overall prognosis in ovarian-cancer patients but not of platinum/taxane chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rae
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, St James' Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology, St James' Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Keenan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Britta Stordal
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University London, London, UK.
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130
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Shi YX, Sun ZW, Jia DL, Wang HB. Autophagy deficiency promotes lung metastasis of prostate cancer via stabilization of TWIST1. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1403-1412. [PMID: 35133601 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of autophagy in prostate cancer metastasis remains controversial, and the effects of the autophagy-related gene ATG5 on prostate cancer metastasis are poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effects of ATG5 on prostate cancer metastasis and its molecular mechanism. METHODS The metastatic characteristics of LNCaP and DU145 cells were assessed by NOD/SCID mouse experiments, western blot, transwell assay, and wound-healing assay. Double membrane autophagic vesicle observation and the adenovirus-expressing mCherry-GFP-LC3B fusion protein were used to assess the autophagic characteristics of LNCaP and DU145 cells. The role of p62 in the accumulation of TWIST1 was confirmed by western blot under different conditions. The lentivirus particles of shATG5, NOD/SCID mice experiments, western blot, transwell assay, and wound-healing assay were used to confirm the role of ATG5 in TWIST1 accumulation and prostate cancer cell metastasis. RESULTS We identified a stabilizing effect of p62 on TWIST1 in the autophagic regulation of EMT and prostate cancer metastasis. The loss of ATG5 in DU145 cells resulted in autophagy deficiency and p62 accumulation, which stabilized TWIST1 and increased the TWIST1 level in prostate cancer cells, and eventually promoted EMT and metastasis. In comparison, LNCaP cells with regular ATG5 expression and autophagy status retained remarkable epithelial cell characteristics and had limited metastatic characteristics. Similar results were also found in wild-type LNCaP cells and LNCaP cells with stable ATG5 interference. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed ATG5-mediated autophagy as a key mechanism that controls the metastasis of prostate cancer by regulating p62 abundance and TWIST1 stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 129 Hehua Road, Jining, Shandong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Z W Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Yuan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - D L Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 129 Hehua Road, Jining, Shandong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 129 Hehua Road, Jining, Shandong, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, China.
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131
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Basu B, Ghosh MK. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: Shifting gears at the molecular level. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119261. [PMID: 35307468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The process of conversion of non-motile epithelial cells to their motile mesenchymal counterparts is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a fundamental event during embryonic development, tissue repair, and for the maintenance of stemness. However, this crucial process is hijacked in cancer and becomes the means by which cancer cells acquire further malignant properties such as increased invasiveness, acquisition of stem cell-like properties, increased chemoresistance, and immune evasion ability. The switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is mediated by a wide variety of effector molecules such as transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifiers. Ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination are two post-translational processes that are fundamental to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) of the cell, and the shift in equilibrium between these two processes during cancer dictates the suppression or activation of different intracellular processes, including EMT. Here, we discuss the complex and dynamic relationship between components of the UPS and EMT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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132
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Bhavani GS, Palanisamy A. SNAIL driven by a feed forward loop motif promotes TGF βinduced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35700712 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue regeneration, embryonic development, and cancer metastasis. Several signaling pathways are known to regulate EMT, among which the modulation of TGFβ(Transforming Growth Factor-β) induced EMT is crucial in several cancer types. Several mathematical models were built to explore the role of core regulatory circuit of ZEB/miR-200, SNAIL/miR-34 double negative feedback loops in modulating TGFβinduced EMT. Different emergent behavior including tristability, irreversible switching, existence of hybrid EMT states were inferred though these models. Some studies have explored the role of TGFβreceptor activation, SMADs nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and complex formation. Recent experiments have revealed that MDM2 along with SMAD complex regulates SNAIL expression driven EMT. Encouraged by this, in the present study we developed a mathematical model for p53/MDM2 dependent TGFβinduced EMT regulation. Inclusion of p53 brings in an additional mechanistic perspective in exploring the EM transition. The network formulated comprises a C1FFL moderating SNAIL expression involving MDM2 and SMAD complex, which functions as a noise filter and persistent detector. The C1FFL was also observed to operate as a coincidence detector driving the SNAIL dependent downstream signaling into phenotypic switching decision. Systems modelling and analysis of the devised network, displayed interesting dynamic behavior, systems response to various inputs stimulus, providing a better understanding of p53/MDM2 dependent TGF-βinduced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition.
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133
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The Role of MicroRNA in the Regulation of Tumor Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131981. [PMID: 35805066 PMCID: PMC9265548 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistently, the high metastasis of cancer cells is the bottleneck in the process of tumor treatment. In this process of metastasis, a pivotal role is executed by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation was first proposed to occur during embryonic development. Later, its important role in explaining embryonic developmental processes was widely reported. Recently, EMT and its intermediate state were also identified as crucial drivers in tumor progression with the gradual deepening of research. To gain insights into the potential mechanism, increasing attention has been focused on the EMT-related transcription factors. Correspondingly, miRNAs target transcription factors to control the EMT process of tumor cells in different types of cancers, while there are still many exciting and challenging questions about the phenomenon of microRNA regulation of cancer EMT. We describe the relevant mechanisms of miRNAs regulating EMT, and trace the regulatory roles and functions of major EMT-related transcription factors, including Snail, Twist, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB), and other families. In addition, on the basis of the complex regulatory network, we hope that the exploration of the regulatory relationship of non-transcription factors will provide a better understanding of EMT and cancer metastasis. The identification of the mechanism leading to the activation of EMT programs during diverse disease processes also provides a new protocol for the plasticity of distinct cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions. Here, we summarize the recent progress in this direction, with a promising path for further insight into this fast-moving field.
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134
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Sirtuins and Hypoxia in EMT Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060737. [PMID: 35745656 PMCID: PMC9228842 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process during embryogenesis, can become pathological in the presence of different driving forces. Reduced oxygen tension or hypoxia is one of these forces, triggering a large number of molecular pathways with aberrant EMT induction, resulting in cancer and fibrosis onset. Both hypoxia-induced factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, act as master transcription factors implicated in EMT. On the other hand, hypoxia-dependent HIF-independent EMT has also been described. Recently, a new class of seven proteins with deacylase activity, called sirtuins, have been implicated in the control of both hypoxia responses, HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation, as well as EMT induction. Intriguingly, different sirtuins have different effects on hypoxia and EMT, acting as either activators or inhibitors, depending on the tissue and cell type. Interestingly, sirtuins and HIF can be activated or inhibited with natural or synthetic molecules. Moreover, recent studies have shown that these natural or synthetic molecules can be better conveyed using nanoparticles, representing a valid strategy for EMT modulation. The following review, by detailing the aspects listed above, summarizes the interplay between hypoxia, sirtuins, and EMT, as well as the possible strategies to modulate them by using a nanoparticle-based approach.
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135
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Long non-coding RNAs involved in different steps of cancer metastasis. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:997-1013. [PMID: 35119654 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-proteincoding transcripts bearing 200 base pairs known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in a variety of molecular mechanisms, including cell differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis. Previous studies have suggested that frequently dysregulated lncRNAs play a crucial role in various aspects of cancer metastasis. Metastasis is the main leading cause of death in cancer. The role of lncRNAs in different stages of metastasis is the subject of this review. Based on in vitro and in vivo investigations on metastasis, we categorized lncRNAs into distinct stages of metastasis including angiogenesis, invasion, intravasation, survival in circulation, and extravasation. The involvement of lncRNAs in angiogenesis and invasion has been extensively studied. Here, we comprehensively discuss the role and functions of these lncRNAs with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms.
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Kang I, Kim JA, Kim J, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Ahn JK. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating SOCS1. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35168698 PMCID: PMC9152579 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.5.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary type of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. HCC patients have poor prognosis due to intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of various liver diseases including HCC. Among HBV gene products, HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development and metastasis of HCC. However, the mechanism of HCC metastasis induced by HBx has not been elucidated yet. In this study, for the first time, we report that HBx interacts with the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) which negatively controls NF-κB by degrading p65, a subunit of NF-κB. NF-κB activates the transcription of factors associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial cellular process associated with invasiveness and migration of cancer cells. Here, we report that HBx physically binds to SOCS1, subsequently prevents the ubiquitination of p65, activates the transcription of EMT transcription factors and enhance cell migration and invasiveness, suggesting a new mechanism of HBV-associated HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Kang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Ae Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinchul Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mi-jee Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Paul M, Gope TK, Das P, Ain R. Nitric-Oxide Synthase trafficking inducer (NOSTRIN) is an emerging negative regulator of colon cancer progression. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:594. [PMID: 35642021 PMCID: PMC9158178 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NOSTRIN, abundantly expressed in colon, was reported to be anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive and anti-inflammatory. NOSTRIN expression was inversely related to survival of pancreatic ductal adeno-carcinoma patients. Yet its function and regulatory mechanism in CRC remains elusive. Methods NOSTRIN’s influence on EMT of CRC cells were analysed using realtime PCR array containing the functional EMT-transcriptome followed by western blotting. Regulation of oncogenic potential of CRC cells by NOSTRIN was elucidated using soft agar colony formation, trans-well invasion, wound healing and colonosphere formation assays. Biochemical assays were used to reveal mechanism of NOSTRIN function. Human CRC tissue array was used to test NOSTRIN mark in control and CRC disease stages. Results We showed here that CRC cell lines with less NOSTRIN expression has more invasive and migratory potential. NOSTRIN affected EMT-associated transcriptome of CRC cells by down regulating 33 genes that were functionally annotated to transcription factors, genes important for cell growth, proliferation, migration, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton regulators in CRC cells. NOSTRIN over-expression significantly reduced soft agar colony formation, wound healing and cell invasion. In line with this, RNA interference of Nostrin enhanced metastatic potential of CRC cells. Furthermore, stable overexpression of NOSTRIN in CRC cell line not only curtailed its ability to form colonosphere but also decreased expression of stemness markers CD133, CD44 and EpCAM. NOSTRIN’s role in inhibiting self-renewal was further confirmed using BrdU incorporation assay. Interestingly, NOSTRIN formed immune-complex with Cdk1 in CRC cells and aided in increase of inhibitory Y15 and T14 phosphorylation of Cdk1 that halts cytokinesis. These ex vivo findings were substantiated using human colon cancer tissue array containing cDNAs from patients’ samples with various stages of disease progression. Significant decrease in NOSTRIN expression was found with initiation and progression of advanced colon cancer disease stages. Conclusion We illustrate function of a novel molecule, NOSTRIN in curtailing EMT and maintenance of CRC cell stemness. Our data validates importance of NOSTRIN mark during onset and disease progression of CRC indicating its diagnostic potential. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09670-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Tamal Kanti Gope
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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Amilca-Seba K, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Louadj L, Thouroude S, Bouygues A, Sabbah M, Larsen AK, Denis JA. Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1), a Mediator of Tumor Progression, Is Regulated by the Mesenchymal Transcription Factor Slug/SNAI2 in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cells 2022; 11:cells11111808. [PMID: 35681502 PMCID: PMC9180003 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Expression of the transcription factor Slug/SNAI2 is associated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is correlated with poorer disease-free survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to decipher the basis for the Slug-mediated aggressive phenotype, we conducted RNAseq experiments with a panel of HT-29 CRC cells expressing different levels of Slug, both in vitro and in tumor models. Osteopontin (OPN), a mediator associated with tumor progression in different tumor types, was among the top upregulated genes in both cells and tumors and was the most overexpressed gene coding for a secreted protein. We further show that Slug is a direct regulator of osteopontin via binding to the OPN promoter. Interestingly, Slug expression and osteopontin secretion were correlated in vitro, as well as in tumor models, suggesting that liquid biopsies may be useful in estimating the aggressiveness phenotype of the tumor. Abstract In colorectal cancer (CRC), disease-related death is closely linked to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. Gene expression profiling of patient tumors has suggested that a more mesenchymal phenotype, present in about one-fourth of all patients, is associated with increased aggressiveness. Accordingly, the mesenchymal transcription factor Slug/SNAI2 has been associated with decreased disease-free survival. To decipher the basis for the Slug-mediated phenotype, we conducted RNAseq experiments with a panel of HT-29 CRC cells expressing different levels of Slug, both in vitro and in tumor models. The results show that osteopontin, a secreted pleotropic protein involved in multiple steps of colorectal cancer progression, was highly upregulated by Slug in vitro, as well as in vivo. We further show that Slug is a direct regulator of osteopontin at the promoter level. The levels of secreted osteopontin were correlated with Slug expression, thereby linking the tumor phenotype to a biomarker available by liquid biopsies. The results also suggest that osteopontin neutralization may attenuate at least some of the Slug-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyana Amilca-Seba
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | | | - Lila Louadj
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Thouroude
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Bouygues
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme A. Denis
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Oncology Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, 075013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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139
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Liu L, Huang C. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e144. [PMID: 35601657 PMCID: PMC9115588 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
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Yadav P, Kundu P, Pandey VK, Amin PJ, Nair J, Shankar BS. Effects of prolonged treatment of TGF-βR inhibitor SB431542 on radiation-induced signaling in breast cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-15. [PMID: 35446183 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2069299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have earlier characterized increased TGF-β signaling in radioresistant breast cancer cells. In this study, we wanted to determine the effect of prolonged treatment of TGF-βR inhibitor SB431542 on radiation-induced signaling, viz., genes regulating apoptosis, EMT, anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breast cancer cells were pretreated with TGF-βR inhibitor (SB 431542) followed by exposure to 6 Gy and recovery period of 7 days (D7-6G). We assessed cell survival by MTT assay, cytokines by ELISA and expression analysis by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and western blot. We carried out migration assays using trans well inserts. We performed bioinformatics analyses of human cancer database through cBioportal. RESULTS There was an upregulation of TGF-β1 and 3 and downregulation of TGF-β2, TGF-βR1, and TGF-βR2 in invasive breast carcinoma samples compared to normal tissue. TGF-β1 and TNF-α was higher in radioresistant D7-6G cells with upregulation of pSMAD3, pNF-kB, and ERK signaling. Pretreatment of D7-6G cells with TGF-βR inhibitor SB431542 abrogated pSMAD3, increased proliferation, and migration along with an increase in apoptosis and pro-apoptotic genes. This was associated with hybrid E/M phenotype and downregulation of TGF-β downstream genes, HMGA2 and Snail. There was complete agreement in the expression of mRNA and protein data in genes like vimentin, Snail and HMGA2 in different treatment groups. However, there was disagreement in expression of mRNA and protein in genes like Bax, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, Zeb-1 among the different treatment groups indicating post-transcriptional and post-translational processing of these proteins. Treatment of cells with only SB431542 also increased expression of some E/M genes indicating TGF-β independent effects. Increased IL-6 and IL-10 secretion by SB431542 along with increase in pSTAT3 and pCREB1 could probably explain these TGF-β/Smad3 independent effects. CONCLUSION These results highlight that TGF-β-pSMAD3 and TNF-α-pNF-kB are the predominant signaling pathways in radioresistant cells and possibility of some TGF-β/Smad3 independent effects on prolonged treatment with the drug SB431542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Priya Kundu
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vipul K Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prayag J Amin
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Jisha Nair
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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141
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Zhao N, He M, Chen W, Jin P, Cao L, Deng J, Cheng X, Wang L. FAM96A suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis by inhibiting TGFβ1 signals. Life Sci 2022; 301:120607. [PMID: 35513087 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in 90% of patients with tumors, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in this process. Family with sequence similarity 96 member A (FAM96A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein related to cytosolic iron assembly. However, no research has been conducted on its role in tumor metastasis. Bioinformatics analysis with Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with lower FAM96A expression in different tumors had shorter survival times and poorer prognoses. Here, we identified FAM96A as a crucial regulator of the TGFβ signaling pathway because it inhibits TGFβ-mediated tumor metastasis and EMT. FAM96A did not affect the proliferation or apoptosis of tumor cells but significantly reduced their migration and invasion abilities in vitro. The colonization and metastatic abilities of FAM96A-knockout tumor cells were significantly enhanced in vivo. Furthermore, the overexpression of exogenous FAM96A inhibited TGFβ-induced EMT through the SMAD-mediated pathway and downregulated the expression of endogenous transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). These findings demonstrated a correlation between EMT and FAM96A gene expression for the first time, which is highly important for revealing the mechanism underlying tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwei He
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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142
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Kang I, Kim JA, Kim J, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Ahn JK. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating SOCS1. BMB Rep 2022; 55:220-225. [PMID: 35168698 PMCID: PMC9152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary type of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. HCC patients have poor prognosis due to intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of various liver diseases including HCC. Among HBV gene products, HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development and metastasis of HCC. However, the mechanism of HCC metastasis induced by HBx has not been elucidated yet. In this study, for the first time, we report that HBx interacts with the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) which negatively controls NF-κB by degrading p65, a subunit of NF-κB. NF-κB activates the transcription of factors associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial cellular process associated with invasiveness and migration of cancer cells. Here, we report that HBx physically binds to SOCS1, subsequently prevents the ubiquitination of p65, activates the transcription of EMT transcription factors and enhance cell migration and invasiveness, suggesting a new mechanism of HBV-associated HCC metastasis. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(5): 220-225].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Kang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Ae Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinchul Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mi-jee Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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143
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Wang R, Chen J, Yu H, Wei Z, Ma M, Ye X, Wu W, Chen H, Fu Z. Downregulation of estrogen receptor-α36 expression attenuates metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1113-1123. [PMID: 35044086 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role of estrogen receptor (ER)-α36 in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). HCC HepG2 and Huh7 cells with the knocked-down level of ER-α36 expression were established. Cell growth and migration of the HepG2 and Huh7 cell variants were studied using MTS, transwell, and wound-healing assays, and the metastatic abilities of HepG2 cell variants were examined using a tail-vein injection model in nude mice. Levels of EMT markers, Src phosphorylation in HepG2 and Huh7 cell variants, and tumors formed by HepG2 cell variants in the nude mice were examined using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. We found that the growth and metastatic abilities of HepG2 and Huh7 cells with the knocked-down level of ER-α36 expression (HepG2/Si36 and Huh7/Si36) were significantly reduced, with increased levels of cytokeratin and E-Cadherin expression, and decreased levels of Vimentin, Snail, Slug and the Src phosphorylation, compared to the HCC cells transfected with an empty vector (HepG2/Vector and Huh7/Vector). We also found ER-α36 knockdown suppressed the lung metastasis of HepG2 cells with the involvement of EMT and the Src pathway in vivo. The Src inhibitor PP2 suppressed the growth and migration of HepG2/Vector and Huh7/Vector cells with decreased Vimentin, Snail, and Slug and increased cytokeratin and E-Cadherin expressions, but failed to induce the migration and the EMT markers in HepG2/Si36 and Huh7/Si36 cells. ER-α36 is involved in the metastasis of HCC cells through the regulation of EMT and the Src signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixuan Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Jiangbei Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengqi Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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Shirakawa T, Toyono T, Inoue A, Matsubara T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Factors Regulating or Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091493. [PMID: 35563799 PMCID: PMC9104119 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (also known as Myf6 or herculin) are myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). MRFs are regarded as master transcription factors that are upregulated during myogenesis and influence stem cells to differentiate into myogenic lineage cells. In this review, we summarize MRFs, their regulatory factors, such as TLE3, NF-κB, and MRF target genes, including non-myogenic genes such as taste receptors. Understanding the function of MRFs and the physiology or pathology of satellite cells will contribute to the development of cell therapy and drug discovery for muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Asako Inoue
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131; Fax: +81-93-285-6000
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145
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Yan Z, Ao X, Liang X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang D, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhou S, Zhou P, Gu Y. Transcriptional inhibition of miR-486-3p by BCL6 upregulates Snail and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:104. [PMID: 35484551 PMCID: PMC9052631 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce pulmonary fibrosis by causing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), but the exact mechanism has not been elucidated. To investigate the molecular mechanism of how radiation induces pulmonary fibrosis by altering miR-486-3p content and thus inducing EMT. Methods The changes of miR-486-3p in cells after irradiation were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the changes of cellular epithelial marker protein E-cadherin, mesenchymal marker N-cadherin, Vimentin and other proteins. The target gene of miR-486-3p was predicted by bioinformatics method and the binding site was verified by dual luciferase reporter system. In vivo experiments, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to carry miR-486-3p mimic to lung. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) model was constructed by 25Gy60Co γ-rays. The structural changes of mouse lung were observed by HE and Masson staining. The expression of relevant proteins in mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results IR could decrease the miR-486-3p levels in vitro and in vivo, and that effect was closely correlated to the occurrence of RIPF. The expression of Snail, which induces EMT, was shown to be restrained by miR-486-3p. Therefore, knockdown of Snail blocked the EMT process induced by radiation or knockdown of miR-486-3p. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying the IR-induced miRNA level reduction was explored. The increased in BCL6 could inhibit the formation of pri-miR-486-3p, thereby reducing the levels of miR-486-3p in the alveolar epithelial cells, which would otherwise promote EMT and contribute to RIPF by targeting Snail. Conclusion IR can exacerbate RIPF in mice by activating the transcription factor BCL6, which inhibits the transcription of miR-486-3p and decreases its content, which in turn increases the content of the target gene slug and triggers EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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146
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Huldani H, Jasim SA, Sergeenva KN, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Turakulov R, Al-Gazally ME, Ahmadzadeh B, Jawhar ZH, Siahmansouri H. Mechanisms of cancer stem cells drug resistance and the pivotal role of HMGA2. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153906. [PMID: 35468338 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the focus of researchers is on perceiving the heterogeneity observed in a tumor. The researchers studied the role of a specific subset of cancer cells with high resistance to traditional treatments, recurrence, and unregulated metastasis. This small population of tumor cells that have stem-cell-like specifications was named Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). The unique features that distinguish this type of cancer cell are self-renewing, generating clones of the tumor, plasticity, recurrence, and resistance to therapies. There are various mechanisms that contribute to the drug resistance of CSCs, such as CSCs markers, Epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, other cells, inflammation, and signaling pathways. Recent investigations have revealed the primary role of HMGA2 in the development and invasion of cancer cells. Importantly, HMGA2 also plays a key role in resistance to treatment through their function in the drug resistance mechanisms of CSCs and challenge it. Therefore, a deep understanding of this issue can provide a clearer perspective for researchers in the face of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Borneo, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Klunko Nataliya Sergeenva
- Department of post-graduate and doctoral programs, Russian New University, Building 5, Radio Street, Moscow City, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rustam Turakulov
- Department of Internal diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Behnam Ahmadzadeh
- Doctoral School of the University of Szczecin, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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147
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Human Cancers: Recent Updates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082568. [PMID: 35458763 PMCID: PMC9027183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex pathology that causes a large number of deaths worldwide. Several risk factors are involved in tumor transformation, including epigenetic factors. These factors are a set of changes that do not affect the DNA sequence, while modifying the gene’s expression. Histone modification is an essential mark in maintaining cellular memory and, therefore, loss of this mark can lead to tumor transformation. As these epigenetic changes are reversible, the use of molecules that can restore the functions of the enzymes responsible for the changes is therapeutically necessary. Natural molecules, mainly those isolated from medicinal plants, have demonstrated significant inhibitory properties against enzymes related to histone modifications, particularly histone deacetylases (HDACs). Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids exert significant inhibitory effects against HDAC and exhibit promising epi-drug properties. This suggests that epi-drugs against HDAC could prevent and treat various human cancers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic action of different natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants against the enzymatic activity of HDAC.
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148
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Elevated Expression of miR-200c/141 in MDA-MB-231 Cells Suppresses MXRA8 Levels and Impairs Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis In Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040691. [PMID: 35456497 PMCID: PMC9032019 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells with mesenchymal characteristics, particularly the claudin-low subtype, express extremely low levels of miR-200s. Therefore, this study examined the functional impact of restoring miR-200 expression in a human claudin-low breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. MDA-MB-231 cells were stably transfected with a control vector (MDA-231EV) or the miR-200c/141 cluster (MDA-231c141). Injection of MDA-231c141 cells into the 4th mammary gland of NCG mice produced tumors that developed significantly slower than tumors produced by MDA-231EV cells. Spontaneous metastasis to the lungs was also significantly reduced in MDA-231c141 cells compared to MDA-231EV cells. RNA sequencing of MDA-231EV and MDA-231c141 tumors identified genes including MXRA8 as being downregulated in the MDA-231c141 tumors. MXRA8 was further investigated as elevated levels of MXRA8 were associated with reduced distant metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that MXRA8 expression was significantly higher in mammary tumors induced by MDA-231EV cells compared to those induced by MDA-231c141 cells. In addition, MXRA8 protein was present at high levels in metastatic tumor cells found in the lungs. This is the first study to implicate MXRA8 in human breast cancer, and our data suggests that miR-200s inhibit growth and metastasis of claudin-low mammary tumor cells in vivo through downregulating MXRA8 expression.
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149
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Bianchi F, Sommariva M, Cornaghi LB, Denti L, Nava A, Arnaboldi F, Moscheni C, Gagliano N. Mechanical Cues, E-Cadherin Expression and Cell "Sociality" Are Crucial Crossroads in Determining Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Behavior. Cells 2022; 11:1318. [PMID: 35455997 PMCID: PMC9028873 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, is coupled to actin cytoskeleton and distributes cell forces acting on cells. Since YAP transduces mechanical signals involving actin cytoskeleton, we aimed to investigate the relationship between YAP and mechanical cues in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, characterized by different EMT-related phenotypes, cultured in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. We observed that the YAP/p-YAP ratio was reduced in HPAC and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines and remained unchanged in BxPC-3 cells when cultured in a 3D setting. CTGF and CYR61 gene expression were down-regulated in all PDAC 3D compared to 2D cultures, without any significant effect following actin cytoskeleton inhibition by Cytochalasin B (CyB) treatment. Moreover, LATS1 mRNA, indicating the activation of the Hippo pathway, was not influenced by CyB and differed in all PDAC cell lines having different EMT-related phenotype but a similar pattern of CTGF and CYR61 expression. Although the role of YAP modulation in response to mechanical cues in cancer cells remains to be completely elucidated, our results suggest that cell arrangement and phenotype can determine variable outcomes to mechanical stimuli in PDAC cells. Moreover, it is possible to speculate that YAP and Hippo pathways may act as parallel and not exclusive inputs that, converging at some points, may impact cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
- U. O. Laboratorio Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Laura Brigida Cornaghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Luca Denti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ambra Nava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
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Ma X, Wang D, Feng X, Liu Y, Li J, Yang W. Huangqin Tang Interference With Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer Through Regulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Cycle. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837217. [PMID: 35462890 PMCID: PMC9020878 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the exact molecular mechanisms of colitis-associated colorectal cancer are not fully understood, the chronic inflammation was positively correlated with tumorigenesis. The traditional Chinese medicine botanical formulation Huangqin Tang has significant anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether HQT can ameliorate the progression of inflammation to cancer through its anti-inflammatory effects by using relevant predictions and experiments. Methods: We used the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate method to induce the mice colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. After preventive administration of Huangqin Tang to the mice model, colonic tissues were taken for quantitative proteomic analysis of tandem mass tags, and the proteomic results were then experimentally validated using the molecular biology approach. Results: Proteomic screening revealed that the effect of the mechanism of Huangqin-Tang on the colitis-associated colorectal cancer mice model may be related to infinite replication which demonstrated abnormal G1/S checkpoint and epithelial mesenchymal transition acceleration. The levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly reduced in colitis-associated colorectal cancer mice treated with Huangqin Tang; the aberrant expression of G1/S checkpoint-associated sites of cell cycle protein-dependent kinase 4, D1-type cyclins, and dysregulation of related sites of the WNT pathway which are most related to the acceleration of the epithelial mesenchymal transition process including WNT3A, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β has been improved. Conclusion: Reducing inflammation and thus inhibiting the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer by using Huangqin-Tang is effective, and the mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of uncontrolled proliferation during tumorigenesis. In the follow-up, we will conduct a more in-depth study on the relevant mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- School hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weipeng Yang,
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