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Seo Y, Park SY, Kim HS, Nam JS. The Hippo-YAP Signaling as Guardian in the Pool of Intestinal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120560. [PMID: 33271948 PMCID: PMC7760694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite endogenous insults such as mechanical stress and danger signals derived from the microbiome, the intestine can maintain its homeostatic condition through continuous self-renewal of the crypt–villus axis. This extraordinarily rapid turnover of intestinal epithelium, known to be 3 to 5 days, can be achieved by dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The crypt base-located leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5+) ISCs maintain intestinal integrity in the steady state. Under severe damage leading to the loss of conventional ISCs, quiescent stem cells and even differentiated cells can be reactivated into stem-cell-like cells with multi-potency and contribute to the reconstruction of the intestinal epithelium. This process requires fine-tuning of the various signaling pathways, including the Hippo–YAP system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the correlation between Hippo–YAP signaling and intestinal homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis, focusing specifically on ISC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
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Sun Z, Zhang Q, Yuan W, Li X, Chen C, Guo Y, Shao B, Dang Q, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Wang G, Liu J, Kan Q. MiR-103a-3p promotes tumour glycolysis in colorectal cancer via hippo/YAP1/HIF1A axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:250. [PMID: 33218358 PMCID: PMC7678148 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Glycolysis plays an essential role in the growth and metastasis of solid cancer and has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the complex regulatory mechanisms of tumour glycolysis remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the molecular effect and mechanism of the noncoding RNA miR-103a-3p on glycolysis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We explored the effects of miR-103a-3p on glycolysis and the biological functions of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated whether miR-103a-3p regulates HIF1A expression through the Hippo/YAP1 pathway, and evaluated the role of the miR-103a-3p-LATS2/SAV1-YAP1-HIF1A axis in promoting glycolysis and angiogenesis in CRC cells and contributed to invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. Results We found that miR-103a-3p was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines compared with matched controls and the high expression of miR-103a-3p was associated with poor patient prognosis. Under hypoxic conditions, a high level of miR-103a-3p promoted the proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and glycolysis of CRC cells. Moreover, miR-103a-3p knockdown inhibited the growth, proliferation, and glycolysis of CRC cells and promoted the Hippo-YAP1 signalling pathway in nude mice in a xenograft model. Here, we demonstrated that miR-103a-3p could directly target LATS2 and SAV1. Subsequently, we verified that TEAD1, a transcriptional coactivator of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), directly bound to the HIF1A promoter region and the YAP1 and TEAD1 proteins co-regulated the expression of HIF1A, thus promoting tumour glycolysis. Conclusions MiR-103a-3p, which is highly expressed in CRC cells, promotes HIF1A expression by targeting the core molecules LATS2 and SAV1 of the Hippo/YAP1 pathway, contributing to enhanced proliferation, invasion, migration, glycolysis and angiogenesis in CRC. Our study revealed the functional mechanisms of miR-103a-3p/YAP1/HIF1A axis in CRC glycolysis, which would provide potential intervention targets for molecular targeted therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Qiuge Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qisan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 830000, Urumqi, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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103
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Yagi S, Hirata M, Miyachi Y, Uemoto S. Liver Regeneration after Hepatectomy and Partial Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218414. [PMID: 33182515 PMCID: PMC7665117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a unique organ with an abundant regenerative capacity. Therefore, partial hepatectomy (PHx) or partial liver transplantation (PLTx) can be safely performed. Liver regeneration involves a complex network of numerous hepatotropic factors, cytokines, pathways, and transcriptional factors. Compared with liver regeneration after a viral- or drug-induced liver injury, that of post-PHx or -PLTx has several distinct features, such as hemodynamic changes in portal venous flow or pressure, tissue ischemia/hypoxia, and hemostasis/platelet activation. Although some of these changes also occur during liver regeneration after a viral- or drug-induced liver injury, they are more abrupt and drastic following PHx or PLTx, and can thus be the main trigger and driving force of liver regeneration. In this review, we first provide an overview of the molecular biology of liver regeneration post-PHx and -PLTx. Subsequently, we summarize some clinical conditions that negatively, or sometimes positively, interfere with liver regeneration after PHx or PLTx, such as marginal livers including aged or fatty liver and the influence of immunosuppression.
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Sharma A, Akagi K, Pattavina B, Wilson KA, Nelson C, Watson M, Maksoud E, Harata A, Ortega M, Brem RB, Kapahi P. Musashi expression in intestinal stem cells attenuates radiation-induced decline in intestinal permeability and survival in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19080. [PMID: 33154387 PMCID: PMC7644626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to genotoxic stress by environmental agents or treatments, such as radiation therapy, can diminish healthspan and accelerate aging. We have developed a Drosophila melanogaster model to study the molecular effects of radiation-induced damage and repair. Utilizing a quantitative intestinal permeability assay, we performed an unbiased GWAS screen (using 156 strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel) to search for natural genetic variants that regulate radiation-induced gut permeability in adult D. melanogaster. From this screen, we identified an RNA binding protein, Musashi (msi), as one of the possible genes associated with changes in intestinal permeability upon radiation. The overexpression of msi promoted intestinal stem cell proliferation, which increased survival after irradiation and rescued radiation-induced intestinal permeability. In summary, we have established D. melanogaster as an expedient model system to study the effects of radiation-induced damage to the intestine in adults and have identified msi as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- SENS Research Foundation, 110 Pioneer Way, Suite J, Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA.
| | - Kazutaka Akagi
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Blaine Pattavina
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Kenneth A Wilson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Elie Maksoud
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Ayano Harata
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Mauricio Ortega
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Rachel B Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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105
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Wong WY, Gilman K, Limesand KH. Yap activation in irradiated parotid salivary glands is regulated by ROCK activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232921. [PMID: 33151927 PMCID: PMC7644026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a major role in the curative treatment of head and neck cancer, either as a single modality therapy, or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy, or both. Despite advances to limit radiation-induced side-effects, the major salivary glands are often affected. This frequently leads to hyposalivation which causes an increased risk for xerostomia, dental caries, mucositis, and malnutrition culminating in a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Previous research demonstrated that loss of salivary function is associated with a decrease in polarity regulators and an increase in nuclear Yap localization in a putative stem and progenitor cell (SPC) population. Yap activation has been shown to be essential for regeneration in intestinal injury models; however, the highest levels of nuclear Yap are observed in irradiated salivary SPCs that do not regenerate the gland. Thus, elucidating the inputs that regulate nuclear Yap localization and determining the role that Yap plays within the entire tissue following radiation damage and during regeneration is critical. In this study, we demonstrate that radiation treatment increases nuclear Yap localization in acinar cells and Yap-regulated genes in parotid salivary tissues. Conversely, administration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), known to restore salivary function in mouse models, reduces nuclear Yap localization and Yap transcriptional targets to levels similar to untreated tissues. Activation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) using calpeptin results in increased Yap-regulated genes in primary acinar cells while inhibition of ROCK activity (Y-27632) leads to decreased Yap transcriptional targets. These results suggest that Yap activity is dependent on ROCK activity and provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of radiation-induced hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu Wong
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kristy Gilman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
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Zhang C, Wu Z, Li J, Tan K, Yang W, Zhao H, Wang G. Discharge may not be the end of treatment: Pay attention to pulmonary fibrosis caused by severe COVID‐19. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1378-1386. [PMID: 33107641 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jia‐Wen Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Kangan Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Wanna Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
- Department of Infectious Disease Peking University International Hospital Beijing China
| | - Gui‐Qiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
- Department of Infectious Disease Peking University International Hospital Beijing China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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107
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Yang B, Li Y, Zhang R, Liu L, Miao H, Li Y, Shao Z, Ren T, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Shi H. MOB1A regulates glucose deprivation-induced autophagy via IL6-STAT3 pathway in gallbladder carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3896-3910. [PMID: 33294275 PMCID: PMC7716168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MOB kinase activator 1A (MOB1A) plays an important role in many diseases and cancers. Here, we observed that MOB1A was substantially overexpressed in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) tissues compared with nontumor tissues. The high expression of MOB1A was closely associated with poor survival in patients with GBC at advanced TNM stages. Furthermore, our study indicated that MOB1A promoted autophagy by activating the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine under glucose deprivation conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these findings suggested that MOB1A is critical for the development of GBC via the MOB1A-IL6/STAT3-autophagy axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityBaixiang Road, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Huijie Miao
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Shao
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Tai Ren
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityBaixiang Road, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai, China
| | - Hongqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityBaixiang Road, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Wang Z, Wang L, Zhou J, Zou J, Fan L. New insights into the immune regulation and tissue repair of Litopenaeus vannamei during temperature fluctuation using TMT-based proteomics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:975-981. [PMID: 32927054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate shrimp immunoregulation and tissue self-repair mechanism during temperature fluctuation stage, Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was treated under conditions of gradual cooling from an acclimation temperature (28 °C, C group) to 13 °C (T group) in 2 days with a cooling rate of 7.5 °C/d and then rewarmed to 28 °C (R group) with the same rate. Tandem mass tags (TMT) -based proteomics technology was used to investigate the protein abundance changes of intestine in L. vannamei during temperature fluctuation. The results showed that a total of 5796 proteins with function annotation were identified. Of which, the abundances of 1978 proteins (34%) decreased after cooling and then increased after rewarming, 1498 proteins (26%) increased during the whole stage, 1263 proteins (22%) increased after cooling and then decreased after rewarming and 1057 proteins (18%) decreased during the whole stage. Differentially expressed proteins such as C-lectin, NFκBIA and Caspase may contributed to the regulation of immunity and tissue repair of shrimp intestine during the temperature fluctuation stage. These findings contribute to the better understanding of shrimp' regulatory mechanism against adverse environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Li et al. (2020) reveal pivotal roles for Lats1/2 in adult, Wnt-mediated intestinal homeostasis through TEAD-dependent and -independent transcription. Loss of Lats1/2 mobilizes a previously unrecognized YAP/TAZ-Groucho/TLE interaction to suppress Wnt/TCF-mediated transcription, thereby resulting in intestinal stem cell depletion and Wnt-uncoupled progenitor expansion.
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110
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A new perspective on the interaction between the Vg/VGLL1-3 proteins and the TEAD transcription factors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17442. [PMID: 33060790 PMCID: PMC7566471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most downstream elements of the Hippo pathway, the TEAD transcription factors, are regulated by several cofactors, such as Vg/VGLL1-3. Earlier findings on human VGLL1 and here on human VGLL3 show that these proteins interact with TEAD via a conserved amino acid motif called the TONDU domain. Surprisingly, our studies reveal that the TEAD-binding domain of Drosophila Vg and of human VGLL2 is more complex and contains an additional structural element, an Ω-loop, that contributes to TEAD binding. To explain this unexpected structural difference between proteins from the same family, we propose that, after the genome-wide duplications at the origin of vertebrates, the Ω-loop present in an ancestral VGLL gene has been lost in some VGLL variants. These findings illustrate how structural and functional constraints can guide the evolution of transcriptional cofactors to preserve their ability to compete with other cofactors for binding to transcription factors.
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111
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Santos SAA, Camargo ACL, Constantino FB, Colombelli KT, Portela LMF, Fioretto MN, Vieira JCS, Padilha PM, de Oliveira MB, Felisbino SL, Carvalho RF, Justulin LA. Identification of potential molecular pathways involved in prostate carcinogenesis in offspring exposed to maternal malnutrition. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19954-19978. [PMID: 33049715 PMCID: PMC7655221 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease concept links adult diseases with early-life exposure to inappropriate environmental conditions. Intrauterine and postnatal malnutrition may lead to an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Maternal malnutrition (MM) has also been associated with prostate carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with this condition remain poorly understood. Using a proteomic analysis, we demonstrated that MM changed the levels of proteins associated with growth factors, estrogen signaling, detoxification, and energy metabolism in the prostate of both young and old rats. These animals also showed increased levels of molecular markers of endoplasmic reticulum function and histones. We further performed an in silico analysis that identified commonly deregulated proteins in the ventral prostate of old rats submitted to MM with a mouse model and patients with prostate cancer. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that estrogenic signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum functions, energy metabolism, and molecular sensors of protein folding and Ca2+ homeostasis, besides histone, and RAS-GTPase family appear to be involved in this process. Knowledge of these factors may raise discussions regarding the role of maternal dietary intervention as a public policy for the lifelong prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lima Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Bessi Constantino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ketlin Thassiani Colombelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcos Frediani Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Naia Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cavalcante Souza Vieira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Magalhães Padilha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus Betta de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luis Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
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112
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Qin S, Jiang J, Lu Y, Nice EC, Huang C, Zhang J, He W. Emerging role of tumor cell plasticity in modifying therapeutic response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:228. [PMID: 33028808 PMCID: PMC7541492 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However, accumulating evidence implicates a key role of non-mutational resistance mechanisms underlying drug tolerance, the latter of which is the focus that will be discussed here. Such non-mutational processes are largely driven by tumor cell plasticity, which renders tumor cells insusceptible to the drug-targeted pathway, thereby facilitating the tumor cell survival and growth. The concept of tumor cell plasticity highlights the significance of re-activation of developmental programs that are closely correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, acquisition properties of cancer stem cells, and trans-differentiation potential during drug exposure. From observations in various cancers, this concept provides an opportunity for investigating the nature of anticancer drug resistance. Over the years, our understanding of the emerging role of phenotype switching in modifying therapeutic response has considerably increased. This expanded knowledge of tumor cell plasticity contributes to developing novel therapeutic strategies or combination therapy regimens using available anticancer drugs, which are likely to improve patient outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Road, 611137, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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113
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Gong J, Mou T, Wu H, Wu Z. Brg1 regulates murine liver regeneration by targeting miR-187-5p dependent on Hippo signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11592-11602. [PMID: 32845093 PMCID: PMC7576256 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brg1 and Hippo signalling pathway are abnormally expressed in many malignant tumours, especially in Hepatocellular carcinoma, but their role in liver regeneration (LR) is unknown. In our research, we investigated the role of Brg1 and Hippo signalling pathway in hepatocyte proliferation and LR. Following 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) in liver-specific Brg1 deleted mice (Brg1-/-) (KO) mice and sex-matched wild-type (WT), depletion of Brg1 in mouse embryos caused liver cell growth disorders and significantly decreased expression of miR-187-5p. We identified LATS1 as a target gene of miR-187-5p and the introduction of miR-187-5p decrease the expression of LATS1 and inactivated the Hippo signalling pathway, which facilitated the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, and rescues the inhibitory effect of Brg1 in LR. Taken together, our findings suggested that deletion of Brg1 inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and LR by targeting miR-187-5p dependent on Hippo signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tong Mou
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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114
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Ma W, Han C, Zhang J, Song K, Chen W, Kwon H, Wu T. The Histone Methyltransferase G9a Promotes Cholangiocarcinogenesis Through Regulation of the Hippo Pathway Kinase LATS2 and YAP Signaling Pathway. Hepatology 2020; 72:1283-1297. [PMID: 31990985 PMCID: PMC7384937 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant epithelial tumor of the biliary tree with poor prognosis. In the current study, we present evidence that the histone-lysine methyltransferase G9a is up-regulated in human CCA and that G9a enhances CCA cell growth and invasiveness through regulation of the Hippo pathway kinase large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) and yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway. APPROACH AND RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high G9a expression is associated with poor prognosis of CCA patients. In experimental systems, depletion of G9a by small interfering RNA/short hairpin RNA or inhibition of G9a by specific pharmacological inhibitors (UNC0642 and UNC0631) significantly inhibited human CCA cell growth in vitro and in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Increased G9a expression was also observed in mouse CCA induced by hydrodynamic tail vein injection of notch intracellular domain (NICD) and myr-Akt. Administration of the G9a inhibitor UNC0642 to NICD/Akt-injected mice reduced the growth of CCA, in vivo. These findings suggest that G9a inhibition may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CCA. Mechanistically, our data show that G9a-derived dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me2) silenced the expression of the Hippo pathway kinase LATS2, and this effect led to subsequent activation of oncogenic YAP. Consequently, G9a depletion or inhibition reduced the level of H3K9me2 and restored the expression of LATS2 leading to YAP inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for an important role of G9a in cholangiocarcinogenesis through regulation of LATS2-YAP signaling and suggest that this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for CCA treatment.
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115
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Cheung P, Xiol J, Dill MT, Yuan WC, Panero R, Roper J, Osorio FG, Maglic D, Li Q, Gurung B, Calogero RA, Yilmaz ÖH, Mao J, Camargo FD. Regenerative Reprogramming of the Intestinal Stem Cell State via Hippo Signaling Suppresses Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:590-604.e9. [PMID: 32730753 PMCID: PMC10114498 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the Hippo transcriptional coactivator YAP is considered oncogenic in many tissues, its roles in intestinal homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. Here, we demonstrate that the Hippo kinases LATS1/2 and MST1/2, which inhibit YAP activity, are required for maintaining Wnt signaling and canonical stem cell function. Hippo inhibition induces a distinct epithelial cell state marked by low Wnt signaling, a wound-healing response, and transcription factor Klf6 expression. Notably, loss of LATS1/2 or overexpression of YAP is sufficient to reprogram Lgr5+ cancer stem cells to this state and thereby suppress tumor growth in organoids, patient-derived xenografts, and mouse models of primary and metastatic CRC. Finally, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of YAP and its paralog TAZ promotes the growth of these tumors. Collectively, our results establish the role of YAP as a tumor suppressor in the adult colon and implicate Hippo kinases as therapeutic vulnerabilities in colorectal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Cheung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jordi Xiol
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael T Dill
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wei-Chien Yuan
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Riccardo Panero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando G Osorio
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dejan Maglic
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Basanta Gurung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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116
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Zhang J, Wu L, Lian C, Lian S, Bao S, Zhang J, Wang P, Ma J, Li Y. Nitidine chloride possesses anticancer property in lung cancer cells through activating Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:91. [PMID: 33024576 PMCID: PMC7502074 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitidine chloride (NC) has significant anti-tumor properties; however, the precise mechanism related to NC still needs further investigation. This study intends to investigate the anti-tumor functions and the feasible molecular basis of NC in NSCLC cells. Therefore, we determined the mechanism of NC-mediated anti-tumor function through various methods. Cell proliferation ability and migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cell cycle and ROS. Moreover, protein expression level was measured by western blot. Our results showed that NC can inhibit the growth, motility of NSCLC cells, induce apoptosis and arrest cell cycle. Meanwhile, NC increased the level of ROS in NSCLC cells. Moreover, western blot data showed that NC suppressed the expression of Lats1, Mob1, and YAP, and enhanced the expression of p-Lats1, p-Mob1, p-YAP1 (ser127). Overall, our research reveals that NC exerts anticancer activity by activating and modulating the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Linhui Wu
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Chaoqun Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Shuo Lian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Shimeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030 China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030 China
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117
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Upregulated nicotinic ACh receptor signaling contributes to intestinal stem cell function through activation of Hippo and Notch signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106984. [PMID: 33182055 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Recent studies have shown that various mammalian non-neuronal cells synthesize acetylcholine (ACh) in situ and operate cholinergic signaling via nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors (nAChRs and mAChRs). Understanding the mechanisms that control intestinal stem cell (ISC) function through activation of nAChR signaling is critical for developing therapeutic interventions for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previously, by conducting RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis using crypt-villus organoid cultures, we found that the Hippo signaling pathway, a stem cell regulating network, is upregulated in ISCs after treatment with nicotine. Here, we explored the roles of nAChR signaling through activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. METHODS RNA-Seq data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. β4-knock-in mice were generated, and experiments using the knock-in mice and their intestinal organoids were carried out. RESULTS RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the expression of YAP1/TAZ and Notch1/Dll1 was upregulated after treatment with nicotine. However, a nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, strongly inhibited the expression of these genes. Notably, we found that in β4-knock-in mouse small intestines, expression of YAP1 and Notch1 was significantly reduced, but not that of TAZ and Dll1, suggesting that Hippo and Notch signaling pathways are putative targets for nAChR signaling. Furthermore, fluorescent signals were detected in Paneth cells that interact with ISCs at the crypt bottom, indicating an interaction between Paneth cells and ISCs via nAChR signaling through the activation of Hippo and Notch signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that upregulated nAChR signaling contributes to the maintenance of ISC activity and balances differentiation through activation of Hippo and Notch signaling pathways.
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118
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Fallah S, Beaulieu JF. The Hippo Pathway Effector YAP1 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081895. [PMID: 32823612 PMCID: PMC7463744 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is covered by epithelium, which is continuously replaced by new cells provided by stem cells located at the bottom of the glands. The maintenance of intestinal stem cells is supported by a niche which is composed of several signaling proteins including the Hippo pathway effectors YAP1/TAZ. The role of YAP1/TAZ in cell proliferation and regeneration is well documented but their involvement on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells is unclear. In the present study, the role of YAP1/TAZ on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells was investigated using the HT29 cell line, the only multipotent intestinal cell line available, with a combination of knockdown approaches. The expression of intestinal differentiation cell markers was tested by qPCR, Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analyses. The results show that TAZ is not expressed while the abolition of YAP1 expression led to a sharp increase in goblet and absorptive cell differentiation and reduction of some stem cell markers. Further studies using double knockdown experiments revealed that most of these effects resulting from YAP1 abolition are mediated by CDX2, a key intestinal cell transcription factor. In conclusion, our results indicate that YAP1/TAZ negatively regulate the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells through the inhibition of CDX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fallah
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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119
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Wang HG, Yan H, Wang C, Li MM, Lv XZ, Wu HD, Fang ZH, Mo DL, Zhang ZY, Liang B, Lai KG, Bao JY, Yang XJ, Zhao HJ, Chen S, Fan YM, Tong XG. circAFF1 Aggravates Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Mediated by miR-516b/SAV1/YAP1 Axis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:899. [PMID: 32848851 PMCID: PMC7425207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological vascular endothelial damage caused by hypoxia is the basis of many vascular-related diseases. However, the role of circular RNA in hypoxic vascular injury is still poorly understood. Here, we found that hypoxia induced AFF1 circular RNA (circAFF1) can activate the SAV1/YAP1 and lead to the dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells. In HUV-EC-C and HBEC-5i cells, circAFF1 was upregulated under CoCl2 induced hypoxic conditions. The abnormal expression of circAFF1 inhibited the proliferation, tube formation, migration of vascular endothelial cells. The effect of circAFF1 is achieved by the adsorption of miR-516b to release SAV1, which in turn causes the phosphorylation of YAP1. Moreover, we found that the upregulation of circAFF1 in 235 Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Taken together, we clarify the role of circAFF1/miR-516b/SAV1/YAP1 axis in vascular endothelial dysfunction and its potential early diagnostic value of disease caused by hypoxia injury in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute, of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mi-Mi Li
- Tianjin Institute, of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Ze Lv
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Dong Wu
- Tianjin Institute, of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhan-Hai Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dong-Li Mo
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute, of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Tianjin Institute, of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke-Guan Lai
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yu Bao
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Jia Yang
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Songjiang Sijing Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Mu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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120
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Yang T, Heng C, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Chen S, Wang H, Yang H, Jiang Z, Qian S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Du L, Yin X, Lu Q. Targeting mammalian serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 through Yes-associated protein/TEA domain transcription factor-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition ameliorates diabetic nephropathy orchestrated renal fibrosis. Metabolism 2020; 108:154258. [PMID: 32376130 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is closely related to functional injury of the kidney, can be observed in advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mammalian serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (MST1), a core component of the Hippo pathway that is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic diseases, kidney diseases and cancer. METHODS In type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals, as well as in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), activation of MST1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In db/db mice, MST1 protein was knocked down or overexpressed by shRNA, and renal function, fibrosis, and downstream signaling were then investigated. RNA silencing and overexpression were performed by using an MST1 or YAP knockdown/expression lentivirus to investigate the regulation of MST1-mediated YAP/TEAD signaling pathways in the fibrosis process in HK-2 cells. Luciferase and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays were used to identify whether YAP directly regulated TEAD activation by forming a YAP-TEAD heterodimer, which ultimately leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. RESULTS MST1 activation was significantly decreased in type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Notably, the downregulation of MST1 activation was also observed in HK-2 cells in a glucose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, downregulation of MST1 was sufficient to promote renal dysfunction and fibrosis in db/m mice, whereas overexpression of MST1 ameliorated diabetic nephropathy-induced renal fibrosis. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that activated YAP induced by MST1 inhibition directly upregulated TEAD activation by binding to TEAD and forming a YAP-TEAD heterodimer, resulting in the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in renal tubular epithelial. CONCLUSIONS MST1 activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Cai Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yinlu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shangxiu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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121
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Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M. Ageing, metabolism and the intestine. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50047. [PMID: 32567155 PMCID: PMC7332987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates a variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses and stressors upon ageing. The intestine is constantly challenged and requires a high renewal rate to replace damaged cells in order to maintain its barrier function. Essential for its renewal capacity are intestinal stem cells, which constantly give rise to progenitor cells that differentiate into the multiple cell types present in the epithelium. Here, we review the current state of research of how metabolism and ageing control intestinal stem cell function and epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained from model organisms that indicate how changes in metabolic signalling during ageing are a major driver for the loss of stem cell plasticity and epithelial homeostasis, ultimately affecting the resilience of an organism and limiting its lifespan. We compare findings made in mouse and Drosophila and discuss differences and commonalities in the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms in the context of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang S, Qiang R, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou H, Gao X, Chai R. Hair cell regeneration from inner ear progenitors in the mammalian cochlea. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2020; 9:25-35. [PMID: 32699655 PMCID: PMC7364385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells (HCs) are the mechanoreceptors of the auditory system, and because these cells cannot be spontaneously regenerated in adult mammals, hearing loss due to HC damage is permanent. However, cochleae of neonatal mice harbor some progenitor cells that retain limited ability to give rise to new HCs in vivo. Here we review the regulatory factors, signaling pathways, and epigenetic factors that have been reported to play roles in HC regeneration in the neonatal mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096, China
| | - Ruiying Qiang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
- Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing 210008, China
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Ye Y, Zhang R, Feng H. Fibronectin promotes tumor cells growth and drugs resistance through a CDC42-YAP-dependent signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1840-1849. [PMID: 32437085 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins or other elements in ECM. The expression of FN could be involved in the cancer cells proliferation or migration, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for FN induced protumor signals begin to be elucidated. Here, we report that the elevated expression of FN was observed in those chemoresistant tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer. Consistently, FN culture significantly strengthened the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, induced the colorectal tumor sustained growth and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. In mechanism, FN could bind to integrin αvβ1, resulting the downstream cell division cycle 42/yes-associated protein 1 (CDC42/YAP-1) signaling pathway activation. The activation of CDC42/YAP-1 signal induces the upregulation of transcription factor SOX2, causing the sustained growth and drugs resistance in colorectal cancer. Blockade of integrin αvβ1 significantly suppressed the colorectal cancer growth and drugs resistance development in vitro and in vivo, which provides a new target for clinical colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital/Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Haiyang Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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124
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HUANG Y, YANG F, ZHOU T, XIE S. [Emerging roles of Hippo signaling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers and its molecular mechanisms]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:35-43. [PMID: 32621422 PMCID: PMC8800705 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is highly conservative in evolution. MST1/2, LATS1/2, and the effector protein YAP/TAZ are the core members of this signaling pathway in mammalian cells. There have been many studies on YAP/TAZ and its downstream, however, the upstream regulatory factors of the Hippo signaling pathway remain unclear, and become one of the hot research directions of this pathway at present. In addition, Hippo signaling pathway can cross-talk with other signaling pathways such as Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, and plays an important role in controlling organ size, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Abnormal Hippo signaling pathway may lead to the occurrence of a variety of tumors, especially gastrointestinal cancers such as liver cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. The abnormal expression of its members in gastrointestinal cancers is related to cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Hippo signaling pathway is vital for liver repair and regeneration. Its inactivation will lead to the occurrence of primary liver cancer. The mechanism of YAP in liver cancer mainly depends on TEAD-mediated gene transcription. Hippo signaling pathway is also important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and its imbalance can lead to the occurrence and recurrence of colorectal cancer. In primary and metastatic gastric cancer, the expression of YAP/TAZ is significantly up-regulated, but the specific molecular mechanism is unclear. This article summarizes the recent progress on Hippo signaling pathway and its upstream regulatory factors, its roles in the development of gastrointestinal cancers and related molecular mechanisms; and also discusses the future research directions of Hippo signaling pathway.
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125
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Wang Z, Zhou J, Li J, Lv W, Zou J, Fan L. A new insight into the intestine of Pacific white shrimp: Regulation of intestinal homeostasis and regeneration in Litopenaeus vannamei during temperature fluctuation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100687. [PMID: 32388341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is an essential aquaculture shrimp throughout the world, but its aquaculture industry is threatened by temperature fluctuation. In this study, our histological results indicated that the shrimp intestine has a self-repairing ability during temperature fluctuation; however the potential mechanisms were still unknown. Therefore, transcriptome profiles of the intestine were collected from shrimp at 28 °C (C28), 13 °C (T13) and 28 °C after their temperature rose back (R28) and were analyzed. A total of 2229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (986 up- and 1243 downregulated) were identified in the C28 group, and 1790 DEGs (933 up- and 857 downregulated) were identified in the R28 group when compared to their expression levels in the T13 group. According to the functional annotation using KEGG, we found that the immune system was the most enriched section of organismal systems and that the shrimp can mobilize the body's immune response to regulate organism homeostasis during temperature fluctuation, although cold stress decreased the immunity. Additionally, metabolic inhibition is a strategy to cope with cold stress, and the regulation of lipid metabolism was especially important for shrimp during temperature fluctuation. Remarkably, the Hippo signaling pathway might help the repair of intestinal structure. Our research provides the first histological analysis and transcriptome profiling for the L. vannamei intestine during the temperature fluctuation stage. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanism of intestinal self-repair and homeostasis and could provide guidance for shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Junyi Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Lanfen Fan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Li Q, Sun Y, Jarugumilli GK, Liu S, Dang K, Cotton JL, Xiol J, Chan PY, DeRan M, Ma L, Li R, Zhu LJ, Li JH, Leiter AB, Ip YT, Camargo FD, Luo X, Johnson RL, Wu X, Mao J. Lats1/2 Sustain Intestinal Stem Cells and Wnt Activation through TEAD-Dependent and Independent Transcription. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:675-692.e8. [PMID: 32259481 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is tightly regulated by complex yet poorly understood signaling networks. Here, we demonstrate that Lats1/2, the core Hippo kinases, are essential to maintain Wnt pathway activity and intestinal stem cells. Lats1/2 deletion leads to loss of intestinal stem cells but drives Wnt-uncoupled crypt expansion. To explore the function of downstream transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors, we identified a selective small-molecule reversible inhibitor of TEAD auto-palmitoylation that directly occupies its lipid-binding site and inhibits TEAD-mediated transcription in vivo. Combining this chemical tool with genetic and proteomics approaches, we show that intestinal Wnt inhibition by Lats deletion is Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional activator with PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) dependent but TEAD independent. Mechanistically, nuclear YAP/TAZ interact with Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split (TLE) to block Wnt/T-cell factor (TCF)-mediated transcription, and dual inhibition of TEAD and Lats suppresses Wnt-uncoupled Myc upregulation and epithelial over-proliferation in Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-mutated intestine. Our studies highlight a pharmacological approach to inhibit TEAD palmitoylation and have important implications for targeting Wnt and Hippo signaling in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gopala K Jarugumilli
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shun Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyvan Dang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cotton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Xiol
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pui Yee Chan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael DeRan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Joyce H Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Leiter
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Y Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xuelian Luo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Division of Basic Science Research, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Paracrine orchestration of intestinal tumorigenesis by a mesenchymal niche. Nature 2020; 580:524-529. [PMID: 32322056 PMCID: PMC7490650 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of an intestinal tumour is a probabilistic process that depends on the competition between mutant and normal epithelial stem cells in crypts1. Intestinal stem cells are closely associated with a diverse but poorly characterized network of mesenchymal cell types2,3. However, whether the physiological mesenchymal microenvironment of mutant stem cells affects tumour initiation remains unknown. Here we provide in vivo evidence that the mesenchymal niche controls tumour initiation in trans. By characterizing the heterogeneity of the intestinal mesenchyme using single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified a population of rare pericryptal Ptgs2-expressing fibroblasts that constitutively process arachidonic acid into highly labile prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Specific ablation of Ptgs2 in fibroblasts was sufficient to prevent tumour initiation in two different models of sporadic, autochthonous tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of a mesenchymal niche model showed that fibroblast-derived PGE2 drives the expansion οf a population of Sca-1+ reserve-like stem cells. These express a strong regenerative/tumorigenic program, driven by the Hippo pathway effector Yap. In vivo, Yap is indispensable for Sca-1+ cell expansion and early tumour initiation and displays a nuclear localization in both mouse and human adenomas. Using organoid experiments, we identified a molecular mechanism whereby PGE2 promotes Yap dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by signalling through the receptor Ptger4. Epithelial-specific ablation of Ptger4 misdirected the regenerative reprogramming of stem cells and prevented Sca-1+ cell expansion and sporadic tumour initiation in mutant mice, thereby demonstrating the robust paracrine control of tumour-initiating stem cells by PGE2-Ptger4. Analyses of patient-derived organoids established that PGE2-PTGER4 also regulates stem-cell function in humans. Our study demonstrates that initiation of colorectal cancer is orchestrated by the mesenchymal niche and reveals a mechanism by which rare pericryptal Ptgs2-expressing fibroblasts exert paracrine control over tumour-initiating stem cells via the druggable PGE2-Ptger4-Yap signalling axis.
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128
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Huang LS, Hong Z, Wu W, Xiong S, Zhong M, Gao X, Rehman J, Malik AB. mtDNA Activates cGAS Signaling and Suppresses the YAP-Mediated Endothelial Cell Proliferation Program to Promote Inflammatory Injury. Immunity 2020; 52:475-486.e5. [PMID: 32164878 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA acts as a universal danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signal; however, the mechanisms of self-DNA release into the cytosol and its role in inflammatory tissue injury are not well understood. We found that the internalized bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated the pore-forming protein Gasdermin D, which formed mitochondrial pores and induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytosol of endothelial cells. mtDNA was recognized by the DNA sensor cGAS and generated the second messenger cGAMP, which suppressed endothelial cell proliferation by downregulating YAP1 signaling. This indicated that the surviving endothelial cells in the penumbrium of the inflammatory injury were compromised in their regenerative capacity. In an experimental model of inflammatory lung injury, deletion of cGas in mice restored endothelial regeneration. The results suggest that targeting the endothelial Gasdermin D activated cGAS-YAP signaling pathway could serve as a potential strategy for restoring endothelial function after inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhigang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiqin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaopei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Ibáňez Gaspar V, Catozzi S, Ternet C, Luthert PJ, Kiel C. Analysis of Ras-effector interaction competition in large intestine and colorectal cancer context. Small GTPases 2020; 12:209-225. [PMID: 32057289 PMCID: PMC7939564 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1724596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five most common cancers. The small GTPase KRAS is an oncogene that is mutated in ~30% of all CRCs. Pharmacological treatments of CRC are currently unsatisfactory, but much hope rests on network-centric approaches to drug development and cancer treatment. These approaches, however, require a better understanding of how networks downstream of Ras oncoproteins are connected in a particular tissue context – here colon and CRC. Previously we have shown that competition for binding to a ‘hub’ protein, such as Ras, can induce a rewiring of signal transduction networks. In this study, we analysed 56 established and predicted effectors that contain a structural domain with the potential ability to bind to Ras oncoproteins and their link to pathways coordinating intestinal homoeostasis and barrier function. Using protein concentrations in colon tissue and Ras-effector binding affinities, a computational network model was generated that predicted how effectors differentially and competitively bind to Ras in colon context. The model also predicted both qualitative and quantitative changes in Ras-effector complex formations with increased levels of active Ras – to simulate its upregulation in cancer – simply as an emergent property of competition for the same binding interface on the surface of Ras. We also considered how the number of Ras-effector complexes at the membrane can be increased by additional domains present in some effectors that are recruited to the membrane in response to specific conditions (inputs/stimuli/growth factors) in colon context and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ibáňez Gaspar
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Simona Catozzi
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Camille Ternet
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Philip J Luthert
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, and NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Pobbati AV, Mejuch T, Chakraborty S, Karatas H, Bharath SR, Guéret SM, Goy PA, Hahne G, Pahl A, Sievers S, Guccione E, Song H, Waldmann H, Hong W. Identification of Quinolinols as Activators of TEAD-Dependent Transcription. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2909-2921. [PMID: 31742995 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-regulators YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are the vertebrate downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway that controls various physiological and pathological processes. YAP and TAZ pair with the TEAD (TEA domain) family of transcription factors to initiate transcription. We previously identified a tractable pocket in TEADs, which has been physiologically shown to bind palmitate. Herein, a TEAD-palmitate interaction screen was developed to select small molecules occupying the palmitate-binding pocket (PBP) of TEADs. We show that quinolinols were TEAD-binding compounds that augment YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity, which was verified using TEAD reporter assay, RT-qPCR, and RNA-Seq analyses. Structure-activity relationship investigations uncovered the quinolinol substituents that are necessary for TEAD activation. We reveal a novel mechanism where quinolinols stabilize YAP/TAZ protein levels by occupying the PBP. The enhancement of YAP activity by quinolinols accelerates the in vivo wound closure in a mouse wound-healing model. Although small molecules that occupy the PBP have been shown to inhibit YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity, leveraging PBP to activate TEADs is a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaybabu V. Pobbati
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
| | - Tom Mejuch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sakshibeedu R. Bharath
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
| | - Stéphanie M. Guéret
- AstraZeneca−Max Planck Institute Satellite Unit, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Alexis Goy
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Gernot Hahne
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
| | - Haiwei Song
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), regulate organ growth and cell plasticity during animal development and regeneration. Remarkably, experimental activation of YAP/TAZ in the mouse can promote regeneration in organs with poor or compromised regenerative capacity, such as the adult heart and the liver and intestine of old or diseased mice. However, therapeutic YAP/TAZ activation may cause serious side effects. Most notably, YAP/TAZ are hyperactivated in human cancers, and prolonged activation of YAP/TAZ triggers cancer development in mice. Thus, can the power of YAP/TAZ to promote regeneration be harnessed in a safe way? Here, we review the role of Hippo signalling in animal regeneration, examine the promises and risks of YAP/TAZ activation for regenerative medicine and discuss strategies to activate YAP/TAZ for regenerative therapy while minimizing adverse side effects.
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Yu S, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Zhao G, Xu J. CLDN6 promotes tumor progression through the YAP1-snail1 axis in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:949. [PMID: 31827075 PMCID: PMC6906326 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Claudin6 (CLDN6), a member of the tight junction family, is a molecule involved in intercellular adhesion, acting as a physical barrier that prevents solutes and water from freely passing through the extracellular space. CLDN6 has important biological functions, and its abnormal expression is associated with Hepatitis C infection. However, there is limited research regarding its role in gastric cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of CLDN6 mRNA and protein was upregulated in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, which indicated poor prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that abnormal CLDN6 expression was associated with enhanced proliferation and invasion abilities of gastric cancer. CLDN6 reduced the phosphorylation of LATS1/2 and YAP1 by interacting with LATS1/2 in the Hippo signaling pathway. Thus, CLDN6 affected the entry of YAP1 into the nucleus, causing changes in downstream target genes. Moreover, YAP1 interacted with snail1 to affect the process of EMT and enhanced the invasive ability of GC cells. Collectively, CLDN6 promoted the proliferation and invasive ability of gastric cancer by affecting YAP1 and YAP1-snail1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yeqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
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133
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Generating an Artificial Intestine for the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2019; 48:585-605. [PMID: 31668185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure is defined as the inability to maintain fluid, nutrition, energy, and micronutrient balance that leads to the inability to gain or maintain weight, resulting in malnutrition and dehydration. Causes of intestinal failure include short bowel syndrome (ie, the physical loss of intestinal surface area and severe intestinal dysmotility). For patients with intestinal failure who fail to achieve enteral autonomy through intestinal rehabilitation programs, the current treatment options are expensive and associated with severe complications. Therefore, the need persists for next-generation therapies, including cell-based therapy, to increase intestinal regeneration, and development of the tissue-engineered small intestine.
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134
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Ji L, Li X, Zhou Z, Zheng Z, Jin L, Jiang F. LINC01413/hnRNP-K/ZEB1 Axis Accelerates Cell Proliferation and EMT in Colorectal Cancer via Inducing YAP1/TAZ1 Translocation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:546-561. [PMID: 31927328 PMCID: PMC6953771 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial molecules in tumorigenesis and tumor growth in various human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies have revealed that lncRNAs can regulate cellular processes in cancers by interacting with proteins, for example RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). In this study, we recognize a novel lncRNA called LINC01413 that is upregulated in CRC tissues through lncRNAs microarray. Subsequently, we confirmed that an elevated level of LINC01413 expression in CRC tissues was strongly correlated to clinicopathological features, such as tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis, and its association with poor overall survival was also revealed. Additionally, LINC01413 facilitates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Also, silenced LINC01413 restrains tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, LINC01413 binds with hnRNP-K and induces YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1)/TAZ1 (tafazzin) nuclear translocation to regulate the expression of ZEB1 in CRC cells. Taken together, this research suggested LINC01413 as a positive regulator in CRC progression through the LINC01413/hnRNP-K/TAZ1/YAP1/ZEB1 axis, broadening a new view on CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhihai Zheng
- The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Li Jin
- The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Feizhao Jiang
- The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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135
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Sahu MR, Mondal AC. The emerging role of Hippo signaling in neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:796-814. [PMID: 31705587 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration refers to the complex process of progressive degeneration or neuronal apoptosis leading to a set of incurable and debilitating conditions. Physiologically, apoptosis is important in proper growth and development. However, aberrant and unrestricted apoptosis can lead to a variety of degenerative conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Although dysregulated apoptosis has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, the triggers and molecular mechanisms underlying such untimely and faulty apoptosis are still unknown. Hippo signaling pathway is one such apoptosis-regulating mechanism that has remained evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to mammals. This pathway has gained a lot of attention for its tumor-suppressing task, but recent studies have emphasized the soaring role of this pathway in inflaming neurodegeneration. In addition, strategies promoting inactivation of this pathway have aided in the rescue of neurons from anomalous apoptosis. So, a thorough understanding of the relationship between the Hippo pathway and neurodegeneration may serve as a guide for the development of therapy for various degenerative diseases. The current review focuses on the mechanism of the Hippo signaling pathway, its upstream and downstream regulatory molecules, and its role in the genesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The recent efforts employing the Hippo pathway components as targets for checking neurodegeneration have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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136
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Sanna L, Piredda R, Marchesi I, Bordoni V, Forcales SV, Calvisi DF, Bagella L. “Verteporfin exhibits anti-proliferative activity in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines”. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 312:108813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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137
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Chen G, Han Y, Feng Y, Wang A, Li X, Deng S, Zhang L, Xiao J, Li Y, Li N. Extract of Ilex rotunda Thunb alleviates experimental colitis-associated cancer via suppressing inflammation-induced miR-31-5p/YAP overexpression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152941. [PMID: 31100679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ilex rotunda Thunb is a traditional medicine used in China treating colitis clinically. Triterpenoids is one of its main components. However, the detailed pharmacological activity and the component responsible for its clinical effects are still elusive. PURPOSE To test the in vivo colitis-associated cancer (CAC) preventive effect of the water fraction extracted from the roots of I. rotunda, and to evaluate its microRNA (miRNA)-related mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Male or female C57BL/6 mice (12 weeks of age) were used to construct the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CAC. 12.5 mg/kg and 25.0 mg/kg of the standardized water extract of I. rotunda (WIR), being equal to 4.29 and 8.58 g of the raw medicine respectively, were adopted to treat the AOM/DSS-induced CAC from the fourth week and continued for 5 weeks. Mice were killed two weeks after the end of the last round of DSS by cervical dislocation. RESULTS The chemical analysis of WIR revealed the presence of 21 compounds. The syringing and caffeic acid (1-hydroxyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylprenyl)-ester are the main components of WIR, counting for 8.27% and 5.71% of the water extract respectively. The levels of miR-31-5p were up-regulated in both thp1 and Caco2 cells (p < 0.05) stimulated by either IL-6 or TNF-α, and WIR could restore miR-31-5p levels in the IL-6/TNF-α-stimulated thp-1 and Caco2 cells. Furthermore, WIR decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in PMA-differentiated thp-1 cells stimulated by LPS via NF-κB pathway (p < 0.05), suggesting that WIR could restore miR-31-5p expression via down-regulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In vivo study showed that oral administration of WIR (25 mg/kg) produced a significant inhibition on the atypical hyperplasia, as well as the release and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the colon tissue. The in vivo transcription of other pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, IL-11, and IL-17A were also attenuated by WIR administration (25 mg/kg, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, WIR (25 mg/kg) restored the miR-31-5p level which was up-regulated in the CAC model group, and ectopic expressions of the miR-31-5p down-stream LATS2 and YAP genes in the hippo pathway were also modulated by the WIR (25 mg/kg) treatment. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that WIR exerts intestinal anti-inflammatory and CAC preventive effects in an experimental CAC mouse model. The CAC preventive effect can be attributed to the suppression of hippo pathway activated by the inflammatory cytokines, indicating that WIR can be potentially used as an herbal product for CAC prevention. Therefore, there is an emergent need for further evaluation of the main components in WIR to determine the definite bioactive component responsible for the CAC preventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yueqing Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Song Deng
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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138
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Li N, Lu N, Xie C. The Hippo and Wnt signalling pathways: crosstalk during neoplastic progression in gastrointestinal tissue. FEBS J 2019; 286:3745-3756. [PMID: 31342636 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo and Wnt signalling pathways play crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and organ size by orchestrating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These pathways have been frequently found to be dysregulated in human cancers. While the canonical signal transduction of Hippo and Wnt has been well studied, emerging evidence shows that these two signalling pathways contribute to and exhibit overlapping functions in gastrointestinal (GI) tumorigenesis. In fact, the core effectors YAP/TAZ in Hippo signalling pathway cooperate with β-catenin in Wnt signalling pathway to promote GI neoplasia. Here, we provide a brief review to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these two pathways and elucidate their involvement in GI tumorigenesis, particularly focusing on the intestine, stomach and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
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139
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Le Corre D, Ghazi A, Balogoun R, Pilati C, Aparicio T, Martin-Lannerée S, Marisa L, Djouadi F, Poindessous V, Crozet C, Emile JF, Mulot C, Le Malicot K, Boige V, Blons H, de Reynies A, Taieb J, Ghiringhelli F, Bennouna J, Launay JM, Laurent-Puig P, Mouillet-Richard S. The cellular prion protein controls the mesenchymal-like molecular subtype and predicts disease outcome in colorectal cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:94-104. [PMID: 31377347 PMCID: PMC6710984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive transcriptomic analyses have shown that colorectal cancer (CRC) is heterogeneous and have led to the definition of molecular subtypes among which the stem-cell, mesenchymal-like group is associated with poor prognosis. The molecular pathways orchestrating the emergence of this subtype are incompletely understood. In line with the contribution of the cellular prion protein PrPC to stemness, we hypothesize that deregulation of this protein could lead to a stem-cell, mesenchymal-like phenotype in CRC. Methods We assessed the distribution of the PrPC-encoding PRNP mRNA in two large CRC cohorts according to molecular classification and its association with patient survival. We developed cell-based assays to explore the impact of gain and loss of PrPC function on markers of the mesenchymal subtype and to delineate the signalling pathways recruited by PrPC. We measured soluble PrPC in the plasmas of 325 patients with metastatic CRC and probed associations with disease outcome. Findings We found that PRNP gene expression is enriched in tumours of the mesenchymal subtype and is associated with poor survival. Our in vitro analyses revealed that PrPC controls the expression of genes that specify the mesenchymal subtype through the recruitment of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and the TGFß pathway. We showed that plasma levels of PrPC are elevated in metastatic CRC and are associated with poor disease control. Interpretation Our findings define PrPC as a candidate driver of the poor-prognosis mesenchymal subtype of CRC. They suggest that PrPC may serve as a potential biomarker for patient stratification in CRC. Funding Grant support was provided by the following: Cancéropôle Ile de France (grant number 2016-1-EMERG-36-UP 5-1), Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (grant number PJA 20171206220), SATT Ile de France Innov (grant number 415) as well as INSERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Le Corre
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Ghazi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ralyath Balogoun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Aparicio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Martin-Lannerée
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs", Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Poindessous
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Carole Crozet
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et de Biothérapie (I.M.R.B.), Université de Montpellier UMR-1183, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Karine Le Malicot
- Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, EPICAD INSERM LNC-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne et and Franche Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Boige
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs", Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, F-44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INSERM U942, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Descartes, F-75010 Paris, France; Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
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140
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Lu S, Zhu ZG, Lu WC. Inferring novel genes related to colorectal cancer via random walk with restart algorithm. Gene Ther 2019; 26:373-385. [PMID: 31308477 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer. In recent decades, genomic analysis has played an increasingly important role in understanding the molecular mechanisms of CRC. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully uncovered. Identification of genes related to CRC as complete as possible is an important way to investigate its pathogenesis. Therefore, we proposed a new computational method for the identification of novel CRC-associated genes. The proposed method is based on existing proven CRC-associated genes, human protein-protein interaction networks, and random walk with restart algorithm. The utility of the method is indicated by comparing it to the methods based on Guilt-by-association or shortest path algorithm. Using the proposed method, we successfully identified 298 novel CRC-associated genes. Previous studies have validated the involvement of the majority of these 298 novel genes in CRC-associated biological processes, thus suggesting the efficacy and accuracy of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Cong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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141
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Dong X, Meng L, Liu P, Ji R, Su X, Xin Y, Jiang X. YAP/TAZ: a promising target for squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6245-6252. [PMID: 31360073 PMCID: PMC6625644 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two homologous transcriptional coactivators and the final effectors of the Hippo signaling transduction pathway. The transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ is dependent on their recruitment to the nucleus, which promotes binding to the transcription factor of TEA domain family members 1–4 (TEAD1-4). In Hippo-signaling pathway, YAP/TAZ is inactivated and its translocation to the nucleus is blocked via a core kinase cascade stimulated by a variety of upstream signals, such as G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, mechanical pressure, and adherens junction signaling. This pathway plays a very important role in regulating organ size, tissue homeostasis, and tumor development. In recent years, many studies have reported upregulation or nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ in a number of human malignancies, such as breast cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma in different organs. A large number of experiments demonstrate that YAP/TAZ activation promotes cancer formation, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the evidence of regulation and function of YAP/TAZ and discuss its role in squamous cell carcinoma. Collectively, this summary strongly suggests that targeting aberrant YAP/TAZ activation is a promising strategy for the suppression of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Biology, Valencia College, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Xuling Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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142
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Chen G, Feng Y, Li X, Jiang Z, Bei B, Zhang L, Han Y, Li Y, Li N. Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Colitis Associated Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:585. [PMID: 31275360 PMCID: PMC6593052 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) has been linked to microRNA (miRNA) aberrant expression elicited by inflammation. In this study, we used the AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice model to explore the ectopic expression of miRNAs in the precancerous stage of CAC. As a result, we found that miR-31-5p, miR-223-3p, and let-7f-5p were dysregulated during the development of intestinal dysplasia. Subsequently, we first identified the role of these three miRNAs in CAC. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) was revealed as a new target of miR-223-3p, and solute carrier family 9- subfamily A-member 9 (SLC9A9) and APC membrane recruitment protein 3 (AMER3) were suggested as two new targets for let-7f-5p. For miR-31-5p, we proved that it can target LATS2 mRNA so as to modulate Hippo pathway in Caco2 cells. Second, to examine if targeting these three miRNAs would lead to CAC prevention, pedunculoside, a natural triterpene glycoside capable of rescuing the down-regulation of LATS2 and APC caused by either miR-31-5p or miR-223-3p overexpression, respectively, was used in the in vivo AOM/DSS-induced CAC model. The results showed that pedunculoside (25 mg/kg) substantially mitigated the damage to mice intestine caused by DSS/AOM. These results suggested that miRNAs-elicited post-transcriptional regulation is involved in the pathogenesis of CAC, and CAC can be prevented through targeting key miRNAs that are ectopically expressed in CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Bei Bei
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueqing Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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143
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Gundogdu R, Hergovich A. MOB (Mps one Binder) Proteins in the Hippo Pathway and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060569. [PMID: 31185650 PMCID: PMC6627106 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of MOBs (monopolar spindle-one-binder proteins) is highly conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. MOBs represent globular scaffold proteins without any known enzymatic activities. They can act as signal transducers in essential intracellular pathways. MOBs have diverse cancer-associated cellular functions through regulatory interactions with members of the NDR/LATS kinase family. By forming additional complexes with serine/threonine protein kinases of the germinal centre kinase families, other enzymes and scaffolding factors, MOBs appear to be linked to an even broader disease spectrum. Here, we review our current understanding of this emerging protein family, with emphases on post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and cellular processes that are possibly linked to cancer and other diseases. In particular, we summarise the roles of MOBs as core components of the Hippo tissue growth and regeneration pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Gundogdu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Alexander Hergovich
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom.
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144
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A novel YAP1/SLC35B4 regulatory axis contributes to proliferation and progression of gastric carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:452. [PMID: 31175271 PMCID: PMC6555804 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 35 member B4 (SLC35B4), a nucleotide sugar transporter, is capable of transporting UDP-xylose and UDP-GlcNAc from the cytoplasm to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. SLC35B4 has a pivotal role in glycosylation of biological macromolecules. However, its functional roles and regulatory mechanisms in malignant diseases remain unknown. Here, using the cDNA arrays, promoter reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that SLC35B4 is directly transactivated by YAP1–TEADs complex in gastric cancer (GC) cells. CCK-8, plate colony formation and soft agar assays revealed that SLC35B4 is essential for survival and proliferation in GC cells and nude mice models. SLC35B4 expression is markedly higher in GC tissues compared with control noncancerous tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that SLC35B4 expression is positively correlated with YAP1 expression in human GC tissues, and this correlation is also confirmed in the GC TCGA data set. GC patients with high levels of SLC35B4 expression have poorer prognosis than those with low levels of SLC35B4 expression. Collectively, our findings defined SLC35B4 as an important downstream oncogenic target of YAP1, suggesting that dysregulated signaling of a novel YAP1/SLC35B4 axis promotes GC development and progression, and this axis could be a potential candidate for prognosis and therapeutics in GC.
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145
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Isani MA, Gee K, Schall K, Schlieve CR, Fode A, Fowler KL, Grikscheit TC. Wnt signaling inhibition by monensin results in a period of Hippo pathway activation during intestinal adaptation in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G679-G691. [PMID: 30896968 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00343.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal adaptation (IA) is a critical response to increase epithelial surface area after intestinal loss. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) may follow massive intestinal resection in human patients, particularly without adequate IA. We previously validated a model in zebrafish (ZF) that recapitulates key SBS pathophysiological features. Previous RNA sequencing in this model identified upregulation of genes in the Wnt and Hippo pathways. We therefore sought to identify the timeline of increasing cell proliferation and considered the signaling that might underpin the epithelial remodeling of IA in SBS. SBS was created in a ZF model as previously reported and compared with sham fish with and without exposure to monensin, an ionophore known to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling. Rescue of the monensin effects was attempted with a glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor that activates wnt signaling, CHIR-99021. A timeline was constructed to identify peak cellular proliferation, and the Wnt and Hippo pathways were evaluated. Peak stem cell proliferation and morphological changes of adaptation were identified at 7 days. Wnt inhibition diminished IA at 2 wk and resulted in activation of genes of the Wnt/β-catenin and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/Hippo pathway. Increased cytoplasmic YAP was observed in monensin-treated SBS fish. Genes of the WASP-interacting protein (WIP) pathway were elevated during Wnt blockade. In conclusion, cellular proliferation and morphological changes accompany SBS even in attempted Wnt blockade. Wnt/β-catenin, YAP/Hippo pathway, and WIP pathway genes increase during early Wnt blockade. Further understanding of the effects of Wnt and YAP pathway signaling in proliferating stem cells might enrich our knowledge of targets to assist IA. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intestinal adaptation is a critical response to increase epithelial surface area after large intestinal losses. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling impairs intestinal adaptation in a zebrafish model of short bowel syndrome. There is a subsequent upregulation in genes of the Yes-associated protein/Hippo and WIP pathway. These may be targets for future human therapies, as patients are salvaged by the compensation of increased intestinal epithelial surface area through successful intestinal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubina A Isani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristin Gee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathy Schall
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher R Schlieve
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexa Fode
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathryn L Fowler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California
| | - Tracy C Grikscheit
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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146
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Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are the driving force in tumor progression. There is strong evidence that CIC fulfill this task via exosomes (TEX), which modulate and reprogram stroma, nontransformed cells, and non-CIC. Characterization of CIC, besides others, builds on expression of CIC markers, many of which are known as metastasis-associated molecules. We here discuss that the linkage between CIC/CIC-TEX and metastasis-associated molecules is not fortuitously, but relies on the contribution of these markers to TEX biogenesis including loading and TEX target interactions. In addition, CIC markers contribute to TEX binding- and uptake-promoted activation of signaling cascades, transcription initiation, and translational control. Our point of view will be outlined for pancreas and colon CIC highly expressing CD44v6, Tspan8, EPCAM, claudin7, and LGR5, which distinctly but coordinately contribute to tumor progression. Despite overwhelming progress in unraveling the metastatic cascade and the multiple tasks taken over by CIC-TEX, there remains a considerable gap in linking CIC biomarkers, TEX, and TEX-initiated target modulation with metastasis. We will try to outline possible bridges, which could allow depicting pathways for new and expectedly powerful therapeutic interference with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
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147
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Belokhvostova D, Berzanskyte I, Cujba AM, Jowett G, Marshall L, Prueller J, Watt FM. Homeostasis, regeneration and tumour formation in the mammalian epidermis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 62:571-582. [PMID: 29938768 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170341fw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outer covering of the skin and provides a protective interface between the body and the environment. It is well established that the epidermis is maintained by stem cells that self-renew and generate differentiated cells. In this review, we discuss how recent technological advances, including single cell transcriptomics and in vivo imaging, have provided new insights into the nature and plasticity of the stem cell compartment and the differing roles of stem cells in homeostasis, wound repair and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Belokhvostova
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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148
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Khanal P, Yeung B, Zhao Y, Yang X. Identification of Prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a novel positive regulator of YAP/TAZ in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6394. [PMID: 31015482 PMCID: PMC6478839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway plays very important roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, organ size control, and drug resistance. Although, it has been shown that the two major components of Hippo pathway, YAP and TAZ, play very crucial role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Recently, we have shown that the prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates the activity of Hippo pathway through interaction with Hippo component LATS kinase. Thus we asked if Pin1 is also able to interact with other Hippo pathway components. Therefore, in order to investigate whether Pin1 can interacts with other components of the Hippo pathway, we performed GST-pull down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays and have identified two Hippo components YAP and TAZ oncoproteins as novel binding partner of Pin1. We found that Pin1 interacts with YAP/TAZ in a phosphorylation-independent manner and WW domain of Pin1 is necessary for this interaction. Moreover, by using real time qRT-PCR, Cycloheximide chase, luciferase reporter, cell viability and soft agar assays, we have shown that Pin1 increases the tumorigenic and drug-resistant activity of YAP/TAZ through stabilization of YAP/TAZ at protein levels. Together, we have identified Pin1 as a novel positive regulator of YAP/TAZ in tumorigenesis and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. These findings will provide a significant contribution for targeting the Pin1-YAP/TAZ signaling for the successful treatment of tumorigenesis and drug resistance of breast and other cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Khanal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Benjamin Yeung
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Yulei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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149
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Zou L, Xiong X, Yang H, Wang K, Zhou J, Lv D, Yin Y. Identification of microRNA transcriptome reveals that miR-100 is involved in the renewal of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:816-828. [PMID: 31016537 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in various cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation and survival. Using a pig model, this study sought to identify the miRNAs responsible for crypt-villus axis renewal of the small intestinal epithelium. Compared to the villus upper cells, there were 15 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated miRNAs in the crypt cells of the jejunum. Notably, we found that miR-100 was expressed more in the villus upper cells than in the crypt cells, suggesting an effect on intestinal epithelium differentiation. Overexpression of miR-100 increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, confirming that miR-100 promoted IPEC-J2 cell differentiation. MiR-100 can inhibit cell proliferation as evidenced by CCK-8 and cell cycle assay results. We also showed that miR-100 significantly inhibited the migration of IPEC-J2 cells and promoted cell apoptosis through caspase-3-dependent cleavage of Bcl-2. Furthermore, FGFR3 was identified as a potential target of miR-100 by bioinformatics analysis. We confirmed that overexpression of miR-100 suppressed FGFR3 expression in IPEC-J2 cells by directly targeting the FGFR3 3'-UTR. This is the first report of miRNAs acting on the renewal of the intestinal crypt-villus axis. Our results also showed that miR-100 promotes the differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation and migration of enterocytes of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zou
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kexing Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Dinghong Lv
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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150
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Jiang J, Chang W, Fu Y, Gao Y, Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhang S. SAV1, regulated by microRNA-21, suppresses tumor growth in colorectal cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:91-99. [PMID: 30681889 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role and action of the Salvador 1 protein (SAV1, also called WW45) in colorectal cancer (CRC). For this, CRC SW480 and HCT116 cells were infected with lentiviruses of SAV1 overexpression vector (lenti-SAV1) and SAV1 short hairpin RNA (sh-SAV1) to overexpress and silence SAV1 respectively, or transfected with microRNA-21 (miR-21) mimic to overexpress miR-21. Relative mRNA levels of SAV1 and relative miR-21 levels in CRC tissues or cells were detected. The effects of SAV1 and miR-21 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and annexin V – fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) – propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry, respectively. Our results revealed that SAV1 was downregulated in CRC tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissues. Furthermore, SAV1 overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in SW480 and HCT116 cells, whereas knockdown of SAV1 exerted the opposite effect. Additionally, the tumorigenesis of SW480 cells in xenografted mice was significantly inhibited by SAV1 overexpression but promoted by SAV1 knockdown. MiR-21 levels significantly and negatively correlated with SAV1 expression in CRC tissues. More importantly, miR-21 overexpression significantly abolished the SAV1-mediated inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis of SW480. In conclusion, SAV1 suppresses tumor growth in CRC and is regulated by miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiefu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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