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Marck PV, Pessoa MT, Xu Y, Kutz LC, Collins DM, Yan Y, King C, Wang X, Duan Q, Cai L, Xie JX, Lingrel JB, Xie Z, Tian J, Pierre SV. Cardiac Oxidative Signaling and Physiological Hypertrophy in the Na/K-ATPase α1 s/sα2 s/s Mouse Model of High Affinity for Cardiotonic Steroids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073462. [PMID: 33801629 PMCID: PMC8036649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na/K-ATPase is the specific receptor for cardiotonic steroids (CTS) such as ouabain and digoxin. At pharmacological concentrations used in the treatment of cardiac conditions, CTS inhibit the ion-pumping function of Na/K-ATPase. At much lower concentrations, in the range of those reported for endogenous CTS in the blood, they stimulate hypertrophic growth of cultured cardiac myocytes through initiation of a Na/K-ATPase-mediated and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling. To examine a possible effect of endogenous concentrations of CTS on cardiac structure and function in vivo, we compared mice expressing the naturally resistant Na/K-ATPase α1 and age-matched mice genetically engineered to express a mutated Na/K-ATPase α1 with high affinity for CTS. In this model, total cardiac Na/K-ATPase activity, α1, α2, and β1 protein content remained unchanged, and the cardiac Na/K-ATPase dose–response curve to ouabain shifted to the left as expected. In males aged 3–6 months, increased α1 sensitivity to CTS resulted in a significant increase in cardiac carbonylated protein content, suggesting that ROS production was elevated. A moderate but significant increase of about 15% of the heart-weight-to-tibia-length ratio accompanied by an increase in the myocyte cross-sectional area was detected. Echocardiographic analyses did not reveal any change in cardiac function, and there was no fibrosis or re-expression of the fetal gene program. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that pathways related to energy metabolism were upregulated, while those related to extracellular matrix organization were downregulated. Consistent with a functional role of the latter, an angiotensin-II challenge that triggered fibrosis in the α1r/rα2s/s mouse failed to do so in the α1s/sα2s/s. Taken together, these results are indicative of a link between circulating CTS, Na/K-ATPase α1, ROS, and physiological cardiac hypertrophy in mice under baseline laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline V. Marck
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Marco T. Pessoa
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Laura C. Kutz
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Dominic M. Collins
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
| | - Cierra King
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Liquan Cai
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Jeffrey X. Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Jerry B. Lingrel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Jiang Tian
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
| | - Sandrine V. Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (P.V.M.); (M.T.P.); (Y.X.); (L.C.K.); (D.M.C.); (C.K.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-696-3505
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Hackert K, Homann S, Mir S, Beran A, Gorreßen S, Funk F, Fischer JW, Grandoch M, Schmitt JP. 4-Methylumbelliferone Attenuates Macrophage Invasion and Myocardial Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded Mouse Hearts. Hypertension 2021; 77:1918-1927. [PMID: 33745300 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Homann
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shakila Mir
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arne Beran
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Gorreßen
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Funk
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
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103
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Gbotosho OT, Taylor M, Malik P. Cardiac pathophysiology in sickle cell disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:248-259. [PMID: 33677791 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola Temitope Gbotosho
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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104
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Role of Heme-Oxygenase-1 in Biology of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030522. [PMID: 33804563 PMCID: PMC8000937 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by HMOX1) is a cytoprotective enzyme degrading heme into CO, Fe2+, and biliverdin. HO-1 was demonstrated to affect cardiac differentiation of murine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), regulate the metabolism of murine adult cardiomyocytes, and influence regeneration of infarcted myocardium in mice. However, the enzyme’s effect on human cardiogenesis and human cardiomyocytes’ electromechanical properties has not been described so far. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of HO-1 in the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). hiPSCs were generated from human fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Sendai vectors and subjected to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HMOX1 knock-out. After confirming lack of HO-1 expression on the protein level, isogenic control and HO-1-deficient hiPSCs were differentiated into hiPSC-CMs. No differences in differentiation efficiency and hiPSC-CMs metabolism were observed in both cell types. The global transcriptomic analysis revealed, on the other hand, alterations in electrophysiological pathways in hiPSC-CMs devoid of HO-1, which also demonstrated increased size. Functional consequences in changes in expression of ion channels genes were then confirmed by patch-clamp analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the link between HO-1 and electrophysiology in human cardiomyocytes.
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105
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Aged Monkeys Fed a High-Fat/High-Sugar Diet Recapitulate Metabolic Disorders and Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:799-815. [PMID: 33591467 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aged nonhuman primate (NHP) models are of great value for studying the pathology of metabolic heart diseases and developing therapeutic strategies. In this study, aged male cynomolgus monkeys were fed a regular diet or a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFSD) for 8 months. Metabolic disorders were diagnosed by 1H-NMR and serum biochemistry, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Our results showed that serum metabolic profiles were altered in aged monkeys fed a HFSD, in line with aortic tissue damage, cardiac remodeling, and contractile dysfunction. This aged monkey model significantly increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and altered expression and phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins in the heart, as compared to aged monkeys on a regular diet. Furthermore, the animals demonstrated increased phosphorylation of cardiac myofilament proteins which are causatively associated with decreased myofilament contractility. We conclude that the aged monkey model fed a HFSD exhibits metabolic disorders and cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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106
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Akyuz E, Doganyigit Z, Eroglu E, Moscovicz F, Merelli A, Lazarowski A, Auzmendi J. Myocardial Iron Overload in an Experimental Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:609236. [PMID: 33643194 PMCID: PMC7905080 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.609236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled repetitive generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) are the main risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). GTCS can be observed in models such as Pentylenetetrazole kindling (PTZ-K) or pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus (SE-P), which share similar alterations in cardiac function, with a high risk of SUDEP. Terminal cardiac arrhythmia in SUDEP can develop as a result of a high rate of hypoxic stress-induced by convulsions with excessive sympathetic overstimulation that triggers a neurocardiogenic injury, recently defined as "Epileptic Heart" and characterized by heart rhythm disturbances, such as bradycardia and lengthening of the QT interval. Recently, an iron overload-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death called ferroptosis was described at the brain level in both the PTZ-K and SE-P experimental models. However, seizure-related cardiac ferroptosis has not yet been reported. Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) results from the accumulation of iron in the myocardium, with high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of hemosiderin as the final biomarker related to cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. Iron overload cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in patients with iron overload secondary to chronic blood transfusion therapy; it is also described in hereditary hemochromatosis. GTCS, through repeated hypoxic stress, can increase ROS production in the heart and cause cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. We hypothesized that iron accumulation in the "Epileptic Heart" could be associated with a terminal cardiac arrhythmia described in the IOC and the development of state-potentially in the development of SUDEP. Using the aforementioned PTZ-K and SE-P experimental models, after SUDEP-related repetitive GTCS, we observed an increase in the cardiac expression of hypoxic inducible factor 1α, indicating hypoxic-ischemic damage, and both necrotic cells and hemorrhagic areas were related to the possible hemosiderin production in the PTZ-K model. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time an accumulation of hemosiderin in the heart in the SE-P model. These results suggest that uncontrolled recurrent seizures, as described in refractory epilepsy, can give rise to high hypoxic stress in the heart, thus inducing hemosiderin accumulation as in IOC, and can act as an underlying hidden mechanism contributing to the development of a terminal cardiac arrhythmia in SUDEP. Because iron accumulation in tissues can be detected by non-invasive imaging methods, cardiac iron overload in refractory epilepsy patients could be treated with chelation therapy to reduce the risk of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ece Eroglu
- Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Franco Moscovicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amalia Merelli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Auzmendi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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107
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Chang WT, Fisch S, Dangwal S, Mohebali J, Fiedler AG, Chen M, Hsu CH, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Alexander KM, Chen FY, Liao R. MicroRNA-21 regulates right ventricular remodeling secondary to pulmonary arterial pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:106-114. [PMID: 33548242 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) function is a critical determinant of survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While miR-21 is known to associate with vascular remodeling in small animal models of PAH, its role in RV remodeling in large animal models has not been characterized. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-21 in RV dysfunction using a sheep model of PAH secondary to pulmonary arterial constriction (PAC). RV structural and functional remodeling were examined using ultrasound imaging. Our results showed that post PAC, RV strain significantly decreased at the basal region compared with t the control. Moreover, such dysfunction was accompanied by increases in miR-21 levels. To determine the role of miR-21 in RV remodeling secondary to PAC, we investigated the molecular alteration secondary to phenylephrine induced hypertrophy and miR21 overexpression in vitro using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). We found that overexpression of miR-21 in the setting of hypertrophic stimulation augmented only the expression of proteins critical for mitosis but not cytokinesis. Strikingly, this molecular alteration was associated with an eccentric cellular hypertrophic phenotype similar to what we observed in vivo PAC animal model in sheep. Importantly, this hypertrophic change was diminished upon suppressing miR-21 in NRVMs. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that miR-21 is a critical contributor in the development of RV dysfunction and could represent a novel therapeutic target for PAH associated RV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Sudeshna Fisch
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Seema Dangwal
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jahan Mohebali
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Amy G Fiedler
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yiling Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kevin M Alexander
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America
| | - Frederick Y Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America.
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108
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Bledzka KM, Manaserh IH, Grondolsky J, Pfleger J, Roy R, Gao E, Chuprun JK, Koch WJ, Schumacher SM. A peptide of the amino-terminus of GRK2 induces hypertrophy and yet elicits cardioprotection after pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:137-153. [PMID: 33548241 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) expression and activity are elevated early on in response to several forms of cardiovascular stress and are a hallmark of heart failure. Interestingly, though, in addition to its well-characterized role in regulating GPCRs, mounting evidence suggests a GRK2 "interactome" that underlies a great diversity in its functional roles. Several such GRK2 interacting partners are important for adaptive and maladaptive myocyte growth; therefore, an understanding of domain-specific interactions with signaling and regulatory molecules could lead to novel targets for heart failure therapy. Herein, we subjected transgenic mice with cardiac restricted expression of a short, amino terminal fragment of GRK2 (βARKnt) to pressure overload and found that unlike their littermate controls or previous GRK2 fragments, they exhibited an increased left ventricular wall thickness and mass prior to cardiac stress that underwent proportional hypertrophic growth to controls after acute pressure overload. Importantly, despite this enlarged heart, βARKnt mice did not undergo the expected transition to heart failure observed in controls. Further, βARKnt expression limited adverse left ventricular remodeling and increased cell survival signaling. Proteomic analysis to identify βARKnt binding partners that may underlie the improved cardiovascular phenotype uncovered a selective functional interaction of both endogenous GRK2 and βARKnt with AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). AS160 has emerged as a key downstream regulator of insulin signaling, integrating physiological and metabolic cues to couple energy demand to membrane recruitment of Glut4. Our preliminary data indicate that in βARKnt mice, cardiomyocyte insulin signaling is improved during stress, with a coordinate increase in spare respiratory activity and ATP production without metabolite switching. Surprisingly, these studies also revealed a significant decrease in gonadal fat weight, equivalent to human abdominal fat, in male βARKnt mice at baseline and following cardiac stress. These data suggest that the enhanced AS160-mediated signaling in the βARKnt mice may ameliorate pathological cardiac remodeling through direct modulation of insulin signaling within cardiomyocytes, and translate these to beneficial effects on systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila M Bledzka
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Iyad H Manaserh
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Grondolsky
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - J Kurt Chuprun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sarah M Schumacher
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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109
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Zhang MW, Shen YJ, Shi J, Yu JG. MiR-223-3p in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:610561. [PMID: 33553260 PMCID: PMC7854547 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.610561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, involving vasculopathy, cardiac dysfunction, or circulatory disturbance, have become the major cause of death globally and brought heavy social burdens. The complexity and diversity of the pathogenic factors add difficulties to diagnosis and treatment, as well as lead to poor prognosis of these diseases. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs to modulate gene expression through directly binding to the 3′-untranslated regions of mRNAs of target genes and thereby to downregulate the protein levels post-transcriptionally. The multiple regulatory effects of microRNAs have been investigated extensively in cardiovascular diseases. MiR-223-3p, expressed in multiple cells such as macrophages, platelets, hepatocytes, and cardiomyocytes to modulate their cellular activities through targeting a variety of genes, is involved in the pathological progression of many cardiovascular diseases. It participates in regulation of several crucial signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, insulin-like growth factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1/hypoxia inducible factor 1 α pathways to affect cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and polarization, as well as electrophysiology, resulting in dysfunction of cardiovascular system. Here, in this review, we will discuss the role of miR-223-3p in cardiovascular diseases, involving its verified targets, influenced signaling pathways, and regulation of cell function. In addition, the potential of miR-223-3p as therapeutic target and biomarker for diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases will be further discussed, providing clues for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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110
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Euler G, Locquet F, Kociszewska J, Osygus Y, Heger J, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD, Kenyeres É, Szabados T, Bencsik P, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. Matrix Metalloproteinases Repress Hypertrophic Growth in Cardiac Myocytes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:353-365. [PMID: 33400052 PMCID: PMC7994223 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are identified as modulators of the extracellular matrix in heart failure progression. However, evidence for intracellular effects of MMPs is emerging. Pro- and anti-hypertrophic cardiac effects are described. This may be due to the various sources of different MMPs in the heart tissue. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the role of MMPs in hypertrophic growth of isolated rat ventricular cardiac myocytes. Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated form ventricular tissues of the rat hearts by collagenase perfusion. RT-qPCR, western blots, and zymography were used for expression and MMP activity analysis. Cross-sectional area and the rate of protein synthesis were determined as parameters for hypertrophic growth. Results MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-14 mRNAs were detected in cardiomyocytes, and protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 was identified. Hypertrophic stimulation of cardiomyocytes did not enhance, but interestingly decreased expression of MMPs, indicating that downregulation of MMPs may promote hypertrophic growth. Indeed, the nonselective MMP inhibitors TAPI-0 or TIMP2 and the MMP-2-selective ARP-100 enhanced hypertrophic growth. Furthermore, TAPI-0 increased phosphorylation and thus activation of extracellular signaling kinase (ERK) and Akt (protein kinase B), as well as inhibition of glycogen synthase 3β (GSK3β). Abrogation of MEK/ERK- or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/GSK3β-signaling with PD98059 or LY290042, respectively, inhibited hypertrophic growth under TAPI-0. Conclusion MMPs’ inhibition promotes hypertrophic growth in cardiomyocytes in vitro. Therefore, MMPs in the healthy heart may be important players to repress cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Locquet
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joanna Kociszewska
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Osygus
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Éva Kenyeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Szabados
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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111
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Lambert K, Demion M, Lagacé JC, Hokayem M, Dass M, Virsolvy A, Jover B, bourret A, Bisbal C. Grape polyphenols and exercise training have distinct molecular effects on cardiac hypertrophy in a model of obese insulin-resistant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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112
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Li H, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen X, Duan Y, Wang X, Shen Y, Kuang Y, Zhuang T, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Yu Z, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Liu J. Endothelial Klf2-Foxp1-TGFβ signal mediates the inhibitory effects of simvastatin on maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1609-1625. [PMID: 33408770 PMCID: PMC7778601 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Pathological cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy are common features of left ventricular remodeling that often progress to heart failure (HF). Endothelial cells (ECs) are the most abundant non-myocyte cells in adult mouse heart. Simvastatin, a strong inducer of Krüppel-like Factor 2 (Klf2) in ECs, ameliorates pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This study aims to explore the detailed molecular mechanisms of the anti-remodeling effects of simvastatin. Methods and Results: RGD-magnetic-nanoparticles were used to endothelial specific delivery of siRNA and we found absence of simvastatin's protective effect on pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after in vivo inhibition of EC-Klf2. Mechanism studies showed that EC-Klf2 inhibition reversed the simvastatin-mediated reduction of fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast formation, as well as cardiomyocyte size and cardiac hypertrophic genes, which suggested that EC-Klf2 might mediate the anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophy effects of simvastatin. Similar effects were observed after Klf2 inhibition in cultured ECs. Moreover, Klf2 regulated its direct target gene TGFβ1 in ECs and mediated the protective effects of simvastatin, and inhibition of EC-Klf2 increased the expression of EC-TGFβ1 leading to simvastatin losing its protective effects. Also, EC-Klf2 was found to regulate EC-Foxp1 and loss of EC-Foxp1 attenuated the protective effects of simvastatin similar to EC-Klf2 inhibition. Conclusions: We conclude that cardiac microvasculature ECs are important in the modulation of pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and the endothelial Klf2-TGFβ1 or Klf2-Foxp1-TGFβ1 pathway mediates the preventive effects of simvastatin. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of the non-cholesterol lowering effects of simvastatin for HF prevention.
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113
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Liu X, Pan Z. Store-Operated Calcium Entry in the Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:303-333. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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114
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Khalilimeybodi A, Paap AM, Christiansen SLM, Saucerman JJ. Context-specific network modeling identifies new crosstalk in β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008490. [PMID: 33338038 PMCID: PMC7781532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a context-dependent phenomenon wherein a myriad of biochemical and biomechanical factors regulate myocardial growth through a complex large-scale signaling network. Although numerous studies have investigated hypertrophic signaling pathways, less is known about hypertrophy signaling as a whole network and how this network acts in a context-dependent manner. Here, we developed a systematic approach, CLASSED (Context-specific Logic-bASed Signaling nEtwork Development), to revise a large-scale signaling model based on context-specific data and identify main reactions and new crosstalks regulating context-specific response. CLASSED involves four sequential stages with an automated validation module as a core which builds a logic-based ODE model from the interaction graph and outputs the model validation percent. The context-specific model is developed by estimation of default parameters, classified qualitative validation, hybrid Morris-Sobol global sensitivity analysis, and discovery of missing context-dependent crosstalks. Applying this pipeline to our prior-knowledge hypertrophy network with context-specific data revealed key signaling reactions which distinctly regulate cell response to isoproterenol, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and stretch. Furthermore, with CLASSED we developed a context-specific model of β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy. The model predicted new crosstalks between calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways and upstream signaling of Ras in the ISO-specific context. Experiments in cardiomyocytes validated the model’s predictions on the role of CaMKII-Gβγ and CaN-Gβγ interactions in mediating hypertrophic signals in ISO-specific context and revealed a difference in the phosphorylation magnitude and translocation of ERK1/2 between cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. CLASSED is a systematic approach for developing context-specific large-scale signaling networks, yielding insights into new-found crosstalks in β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a disease in which the heart grows abnormally in response to different motivators such as high blood pressure or variations in hormones and growth factors. The shape of the heart after its growth depends on the context in which it grows. Since cell signaling in the cardiac cells plays a key role in the determination of heart shape, a thorough understanding of cardiac cells signaling in each context enlightens the mechanisms which control response of cardiac cells. However, cell signaling in cardiac hypertrophy comprises a complex web of pathways with numerous interactions, and predicting how these interactions control the hypertrophic signal in each context is not achievable by only experiments or general computational models. To address this need, we developed an approach to bring together the experimental data of each context with a signaling network curated from literature to identify the main players of cardiac cells response in each context and attain the context-specific models of cardiac hypertrophy. By utilizing our approach, we identified the main regulators of cardiac hypertrophy in four important contexts. We developed a network model of β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy, and predicted and validated new interactions that regulate cardiac cells response in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Paap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven L. M. Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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115
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Godbout E, Son DO, Hume S, Boo S, Sarrazy V, Clément S, Kapus A, Wehrle-Haller B, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C, Hinz B. Kindlin-2 Mediates Mechanical Activation of Cardiac Myofibroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122702. [PMID: 33348602 PMCID: PMC7766948 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify the focal adhesion protein kindlin-2 as player in a novel mechanotransduction pathway that controls profibrotic cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast activation. Kindlin-2 is co-upregulated with the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibrotic rat hearts and in human cardiac fibroblasts exposed to fibrosis-stiff culture substrates and pro-fibrotic TGF-β1. Stressing fibroblasts using ferromagnetic microbeads, stretchable silicone membranes, and cell contraction agonists all result in kindlin-2 translocation to the nucleus. Overexpression of full-length kindlin-2 but not of kindlin-2 missing a putative nuclear localization sequence (∆NLS kindlin-2) results in increased α-SMA promoter activity. Downregulating kindlin-2 with siRNA leads to decreased myofibroblast contraction and reduced α-SMA expression, which is dependent on CC(A/T)-rich GG(CArG) box elements in the α-SMA promoter. Lost myofibroblast features under kindlin-2 knockdown are rescued with wild-type but not ∆NLS kindlin-2, indicating that myofibroblast control by kindlin-2 requires its nuclear translocation. Because kindlin-2 can act as a mechanotransducer regulating the transcription of α-SMA, it is a potential target to interfere with myofibroblast activation in tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Godbout
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Dong Ok Son
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Stephanie Hume
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Stellar Boo
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincent Sarrazy
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Sophie Clément
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Medical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.B.-T.); (C.H.)
| | - Cristina Has
- Medical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.B.-T.); (C.H.)
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-978-8728
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116
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Malek Mohammadi M, Abouissa A, Heineke J. A surgical mouse model of neonatal pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:775-790. [PMID: 33328612 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac disease is the main cause of death worldwide. Insufficient regeneration of the adult mammalian heart is a major driver of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Cardiac regeneration occurs in early postnatal mice, thus understanding mechanisms of mammalian cardiac regeneration could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide a detailed description of a neonatal mouse model of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (nTAC) that can be applied at postnatal days 1 and 7. We have previously used this model to demonstrate that mice are able to fully adapt to pressure overload following nTAC on postnatal day 1. In contrast, when nTAC is applied in the non-regenerative phase (at postnatal day 7), it is associated with a maladaptive response similar to that seen when transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is applied to adult mice. Once a user is experienced in nTAC surgery, the procedure can be completed in less than 10 min per mouse. We anticipate that this model will facilitate the discovery of therapeutic targets to treat patients or prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Aya Abouissa
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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117
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Cai S, Liu R, Wang P, Li J, Xie T, Wang M, Cao Y, Li Z, Liu P. PRMT5 Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via Symmetric Dimethylating HoxA9 and Repressing HoxA9 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:600627. [PMID: 33424610 PMCID: PMC7793800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reveals a link between protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and Homebox A9 (HoxA9) in the regulation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoprenaline (ISO), PRMT5 expression was decreased while HoxA9 was upregulated. Silencing of PRMT5 or inhibition of PRMT5 by its pharmacological inhibitor EPZ augmented the expressions of cardiomyocyte hypertrophic genes brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-Myosin Heavy Chain (β-MHC), whereas overexpression of PRMT5 inhibited ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, suggesting that PRMT5 ameliorates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. On the contrary, HoxA9 promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as implied by the gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. HoxA9 was involved in the regulation of PRMT5 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, since HoxA9 knockdown prevented si-RPMT5-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and HoxA9 expression impaired the anti-hypertrophic effect of PRMT5. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that there were physical interactions between PRMT5 and HoxA9. The symmetric dimethylation level of HoxA9 was decreased by ISO or EPZ treatment, suggesting that HoxA9 is methylated by PRMT5. Additionally, PRMT5 repressed the expression of HoxA9. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that HoxA9 could bind to the promoter of BNP, and that this binding affinity was further enhanced by ISO or EPZ. In conclusion, this study suggests that PRMT5 symmetric dimethylates HoxA9 and represses HoxA9 expression, thus impairing its binding to BNP promoter and ultimately protecting against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These findings provide a novel insight of the mechanism underlying the cardiac protective effect of PRMT5, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies of PRMT5 activation or HoxA9 inhibition in treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Cai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Obstetrical Department, Guangzhou Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panxia Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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118
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Takano APC, Senger N, Barreto-Chaves MLM. The endocrinological component and signaling pathways associated to cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110972. [PMID: 32777452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although myocardial growth corresponds to an adaptive response to maintain cardiac contractile function, the cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that occurs in many cardiovascular diseases and typically precedes the onset of heart failure. Different endocrine factors such as thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET-1), catecholamines, estrogen, among others represent important stimuli to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, numerous endocrine disorders manifested as changes in the local environment or multiple organ systems are especially important in the context of progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Based on that information, this review summarizes experimental findings regarding the influence of such hormones upon signalling pathways associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Understanding mechanisms through which hormones differentially regulate cardiac hypertrophy could open ways to obtain therapeutic approaches that contribute to prevent or delay the onset of heart failure related to endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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119
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Zhang R, Guo T, Han Y, Huang H, Shi J, Hu J, Li H, Wang J, Saleem A, Zhou P, Lan F. Design of synthetic microenvironments to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:949-960. [PMID: 33231364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC-CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three-dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC-CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three-dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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120
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Tashiro K, Kuwano T, Ideishi A, Morita H, Idemoto Y, Goto M, Suematsu Y, Miura SI. Sacubitril/Valsartan Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertensive Mice Independent of a Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect. Cardiol Res 2020; 11:376-385. [PMID: 33224383 PMCID: PMC7666593 DOI: 10.14740/cr1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with the risk of heart failure, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Although sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL), a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, reduces the risks of death and hospitalization for patients with heart failure, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We hypothesized that SAC/VAL is superior to other conventional drugs in reducing cardiac hypertrophy. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with an osmotic pump containing angiotensin II (Ang II). After 7 days of Ang II infusion, mice were also treated with either SAC/VAL, valsartan, enalapril or vehicle alone each day for 2 weeks. Blood pressure measurement was done weekly, and echocardiography was performed before and 3 weeks after infusion of Ang II. Histological analyses were done using extracted heart to investigate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Results Ang II markedly elevated blood pressures in all of the treatment groups, and there were no differences in the degree of blood pressure reduction among the SAC/VAL-, valsartan- and enalapril-treated groups. Echocardiography showed that SAC/VAL significantly suppressed the increase in left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and tended to decrease LV mass. In a histological analysis, SAC/VAL inhibited Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and individual cardiomyocytes in the SAC/VAL group were smaller than those in the valsartan and enalapril groups. Although previous studies using animal models of heart failure have indicated that SAC/VAL attenuates cardiac fibrosis, we found no supporting evidence in this setting. Conclusions SAC/VAL, valsartan and enalapril all attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in a mouse model of Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Of note, SAC/VAL most strongly suppressed hypertrophy in spite of similar blood pressure-lowering effects as valsartan and enalapril. The present study suggests that SAC/VAL may have a beneficial effect on the early stage of hypertensive heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tashiro
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akihito Ideishi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Idemoto
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masaki Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka 814-8522, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suematsu
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka 814-8522, Japan
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121
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van der Pol A, Hoes MF, de Boer RA, van der Meer P. Cardiac foetal reprogramming: a tool to exploit novel treatment targets for the failing heart. J Intern Med 2020; 288:491-506. [PMID: 32557939 PMCID: PMC7687159 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the heart matures during embryogenesis from its foetal stages, several structural and functional modifications take place to form the adult heart. This process of maturation is in large part due to an increased volume and work load of the heart to maintain proper circulation throughout the growing body. In recent years, it has been observed that these changes are reversed to some extent as a result of cardiac disease. The process by which this occurs has been characterized as cardiac foetal reprogramming and is defined as the suppression of adult and re-activation of a foetal genes profile in the diseased myocardium. The reasons as to why this process occurs in the diseased myocardium are unknown; however, it has been suggested to be an adaptive process to counteract deleterious events taking place during cardiac remodelling. Although still in its infancy, several studies have demonstrated that targeting foetal reprogramming in heart failure can lead to substantial improvement in cardiac functionality. This is highlighted by a recent study which found that by modulating the expression of 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH, a novel cardiac foetal gene), cardiac function can be significantly improved in mice exposed to cardiac injury. Additionally, the utilization of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) has demonstrated clear benefits, providing important clinical proof that drugs that increase natriuretic peptide levels (part of the foetal gene programme) indeed improve heart failure outcomes. In this review, we will highlight the most important aspects of cardiac foetal reprogramming and will discuss whether this process is a cause or consequence of heart failure. Based on this, we will also explain how a deeper understanding of this process may result in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van der Pol
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Perioperative Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M F Hoes
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A de Boer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P van der Meer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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122
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Tabrizi A, Soori R, Choobineh S, Gholipour M. Aerobic Training-induced Upregulation of YAP1 and Prevention of Cardiac Pathological Hypertrophy in Male Rats. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 33088447 PMCID: PMC7554557 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_356_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological hypertrophy is one of the negative consequences of cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity. Recent studies have shown that YAP1 plays a critical role in cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Considering the preventive role of exercise training in cardiovascular diseases, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of aerobic exercise training on YAP1 gene expression and its upstream components. Methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into aerobic training and control groups. Aerobic training was performed one hour/day, five days per week, for eight weeks, on a treadmill at 65-75% VO2 max. Pathological hypertrophy was induced by injecting 3 mg/kg-1 of isoproterenol for seven days. The left ventricle was separated, and YAP1, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST), large tumor suppressor (LATS), and mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase (MAP4K) gene expressions were assessed and YAP1 protein levels were also assessed by western blotting. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assays. The between-group differences were evaluated using the T-test and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no significant between-group differences in MST gene expression (P = 0.061); meanwhile, in the training group, LATS and Map4K expressions were suppressed, followed by a significant increase in YAP1 expression (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the left ventricular weight increased significantly in the training group while the cardiomyocyte apoptosis decreased. Conclusions The results showed that, by reducing LATS, aerobic training-induced YAP1 upregulation can help prevent the propagation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis due to pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Tabrizi
- Department of Physical Education, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Soori
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siroos Choobineh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Gholipour
- Department of Physical Education, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran
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123
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Zhao MT, Ye S, Su J, Garg V. Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Maturation: Two Sides of the Same Coin for Heart Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594226. [PMID: 33178704 PMCID: PMC7593613 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, cardiac regeneration has been the central target for restoring the injured heart. In mammals, cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and rarely divide during adulthood. Embryonic and fetal cardiomyocytes undergo robust proliferation to form mature heart chambers in order to accommodate the increased workload of a systemic circulation. In contrast, postnatal cardiomyocytes stop dividing and initiate hypertrophic growth by increasing the size of the cardiomyocyte when exposed to increased workload. Extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways control embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation and postnatal cardiac hypertrophy. Harnessing these pathways could be the future focus for stimulating endogenous cardiac regeneration in response to various pathological stressors. Meanwhile, patient-specific cardiomyocytes derived from autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become the major exogenous sources for replenishing the damaged myocardium. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are relatively immature and have the potential to increase the population of cells that advance to physiological hypertrophy in the presence of extracellular stimuli. In this review, we discuss how cardiac proliferation and maturation are regulated during embryonic development and postnatal growth, and explore how patient iPSC-CMs could serve as the future seed cells for cardiac cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan Su
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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124
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"Betwixt Mine Eye and Heart a League Is Took": The Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Based Models of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196997. [PMID: 32977524 PMCID: PMC7582534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of precision disease modeling is to artificially recreate the disease of affected people in a highly controllable and adaptable external environment. This field has rapidly advanced which is evident from the application of patient-specific pluripotent stem-cell-derived precision therapies in numerous clinical trials aimed at a diverse set of diseases such as macular degeneration, heart disease, spinal cord injury, graft-versus-host disease, and muscular dystrophy. Despite the existence of semi-adequate treatments for tempering skeletal muscle degeneration in dystrophic patients, nonischemic cardiomyopathy remains one of the primary causes of death. Therefore, cardiovascular cells derived from muscular dystrophy patients' induced pluripotent stem cells are well suited to mimic dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy and hold great promise for the development of future fully effective therapies. The purpose of this article is to convey the realities of employing precision disease models of dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy. This is achieved by discussing, as suggested in the title echoing William Shakespeare's words, the settlements (or "leagues") made by researchers to manage the constraints ("betwixt mine eye and heart") distancing them from achieving a perfect precision disease model.
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125
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Peris-Moreno D, Taillandier D, Polge C. MuRF1/TRIM63, Master Regulator of Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186663. [PMID: 32933049 PMCID: PMC7555135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 was identified 20 years ago and suspected to play important roles during skeletal muscle atrophy. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to decipher the roles, molecular mechanisms and regulation of this enzyme. This revealed that MuRF1 is an important player in the skeletal muscle atrophy process occurring during catabolic states, making MuRF1 a prime candidate for pharmacological treatments against muscle wasting. Indeed, muscle wasting is an associated event of several diseases (e.g., cancer, sepsis, diabetes, renal failure, etc.) and negatively impacts the prognosis of patients, which has stimulated the search for MuRF1 inhibitory molecules. However, studies on MuRF1 cardiac functions revealed that MuRF1 is also cardioprotective, revealing a yin and yang role of MuRF1, being detrimental in skeletal muscle and beneficial in the heart. This review discusses data obtained on MuRF1, both in skeletal and cardiac muscles, over the past 20 years, regarding the structure, the regulation, the location and the different functions identified, and the first inhibitors reported, and aim to draw the picture of what is known about MuRF1. The review also discusses important MuRF1 characteristics to consider for the design of future drugs to maintain skeletal muscle mass in patients with different pathologies.
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126
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Kurian J, Yuko AE, Kasatkin N, Rigaud VOC, Busch K, Harlamova D, Wagner M, Recchia FA, Wang H, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Khan M. Uncoupling protein 2-mediated metabolic adaptations define cardiac cell function in the heart during transition from young to old age. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:144-156. [PMID: 32964621 PMCID: PMC7780806 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular replacement in the heart is restricted to postnatal stages with the adult heart largely postmitotic. Studies show that loss of regenerative properties in cardiac cells seems to coincide with alterations in metabolism during postnatal development and maturation. Nevertheless, whether changes in cellular metabolism are linked to functional alternations in cardiac cells is not well studied. We report here a novel role for uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in regulation of functional properties in cardiac tissue derived stem‐like cells (CTSCs). CTSC were isolated from C57BL/6 mice aged 2 days (nCTSC), 2 month (CTSC), and 2 years old (aCTSC), subjected to bulk‐RNA sequencing that identifies unique transcriptome significantly different between CTSC populations from young and old heart. Moreover, results show that UCP2 is highly expressed in CTSCs from the neonatal heart and is linked to maintenance of glycolysis, proliferation, and survival. With age, UCP2 is reduced shifting energy metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation inversely affecting cellular proliferation and survival in aged CTSCs. Loss of UCP2 in neonatal CTSCs reduces extracellular acidification rate and glycolysis together with reduced cellular proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, UCP2 silencing is linked to significant alteration of mitochondrial genes together with cell cycle and survival signaling pathways as identified by RNA‐sequencing and STRING bioinformatic analysis. Hence, our study shows UCP2‐mediated metabolic profile regulates functional properties of cardiac cells during transition from neonatal to aging cardiac states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonia E Yuko
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Kasatkin
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vagner O C Rigaud
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelsey Busch
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria Harlamova
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcus Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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127
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Cai S, Wang P, Xie T, Li Z, Li J, Lan R, Ding Y, Lu J, Ye J, Wang J, Li Z, Liu P. Histone H4R3 symmetric di-methylation by Prmt5 protects against cardiac hypertrophy via regulation of Filip1L/β-catenin. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105104. [PMID: 32739429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although histone lysine methylation has been extensively studied for their participation in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, the potential regulatory role of histone arginine methylation remains to be elucidated. The present study focused on H4R3 symmetric di-methylation (H4R3me2s) induced by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5), and explored its epigenetic regulation and underlying mechanisms in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS 1. The expressions of Prmt5 and H4R3me2s were suppressed in cardiac hypertrophy models in vivo and in vitro; 2. Prmt5 silencing or its inhibitor EPZ, or knockdown of cooperator of Prmt5 (Copr5) to disrupt H4R3me2s, facilitated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas overexpression of wild type Prmt5 rather than the inactive mutant protected cardiomyocytes against hypertrophy; 3. ChIP-sequence analysis identified Filip1L as a target gene of Prmt5-induced H4R3me2s; 4. Knockdown or inhibition of Prmt5 impaired Filip1L transcription and subsequently prevented β-catenin degradation, thus augmenting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that Prmt5-induced H4R3me2s ameliorates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by transcriptional upregulation of Filip1L and subsequent enhancement of β-catenin degradation. Deficiency of Prmt5 and the resulting suppression of H4R3me2s might facilitate the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Prmt5 might serve as a key epigenetic regulator in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Cai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Panxia Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Rui Lan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Wai-huan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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128
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Xiang K, Qin Z, Zhang H, Liu X. Energy Metabolism in Exercise-Induced Physiologic Cardiac Hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1133. [PMID: 32848751 PMCID: PMC7403221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologic hypertrophy of the heart preserves or enhances systolic function without interstitial fibrosis or cell death. As a unique form of physiological stress, regular exercise training can trigger the adaptation of cardiac muscle to cause physiological hypertrophy, partly due to its ability to improve cardiac metabolism. In heart failure (HF), cardiac dysfunction is closely associated with early initiation of maladaptive metabolic remodeling. A large amount of clinical and experimental evidence shows that metabolic homeostasis plays an important role in exercise training, which is conducive to the treatment and recovery of cardiovascular diseases. Potential mechanistic targets for modulation of cardiac metabolism have become a hot topic at present. Thus, exploring the energy metabolism mechanism in exercise-induced physiologic cardiac hypertrophy may produce new therapeutic targets, which will be helpful to design novel effective strategies. In this review, we summarize the changes of myocardial metabolism (fatty acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and mitochondrial adaptation), metabolically-related signaling molecules, and probable regulatory mechanism of energy metabolism during exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefa Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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129
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Huang TH, Yip HK, Sun CK, Chen YL, Yang CC, Lee FY. P-cresyl sulfate causes mitochondrial hyperfusion in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8379-8390. [PMID: 32639656 PMCID: PMC7412408 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased circulating level of uraemic solute p‐cresyl sulphate (PCS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase myocardial burden relevant to mitochondrial abnormalities. This study aimed at investigating mitochondrial response to PCS in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. H9C2 cardiomyoblasts were treated with four different concentrations of PCS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0 µg/mL) to study the changes in cell proliferation, cell size and mitochondrial parameters including morphology, respiration, biogenesis and membrane potential. The lowest effective dose of PCS (6.25 µg/mL) induced mitochondrial hyperfusion with enhanced mitochondrial connectivity, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA copy number and increased volume of cardiomyoblasts. After PCS treatment, phosphorylation of energy‐sensing adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased without induction of apoptosis. In contrast, mitochondrial mass was recovered after AMPK silencing. Additionally, mitochondrial hyperfusion and cell volume were reversed after cessation of PCS treatment. The results of the present study showed that low‐level PCS not only caused AMPK‐dependent mitochondrial hyperfusion but also induced cell enlargement in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University School of Medicine for International Students, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Yen Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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130
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Wang L, Wang J, Li G, Xiao J. Non-coding RNAs in Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:149-161. [PMID: 32285410 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNAs that are not act as translational protein templates. They are involved in the regulation of gene transcription, RNA maturation and protein translation, participating in a variety of physiological and physiological processes. NcRNAs have important functions, and are recently one of the hotspots in biomedical research. Cardiac hypertrophy is classified into physiological cardiac hypertrophy and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Different from pathological cardiac hypertrophy, physiological cardiac hypertrophy usually developed during exercise, pregnancy, normal postnatal growth, accompanied with preservation or improvement of systolic function, while no cardiac fibrosis. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce the definition, characteristics, and functions of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as well as a summary of the existing bioinformatics online databases which commonly used in the study of ncRNAs. Specially, this chapter will be focused on the characteristics and the underlying mechanisms about physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in physiological hypertrophy and the latest research progress will be summarized. Taken together, exploring physiologic cardiac hypertrophy-specific ncRNAs might be a unique research perspective that provides new point of view for interventions in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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131
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Hemanthakumar KA, Kivelä R. Angiogenesis and angiocrines regulating heart growth. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R93-R104. [PMID: 32935078 PMCID: PMC7487598 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner surface of all blood and lymphatic vessels throughout the body, making endothelium one of the largest tissues. In addition to its transport function, endothelium is now appreciated as a dynamic organ actively participating in angiogenesis, permeability and vascular tone regulation, as well as in the development and regeneration of tissues. The identification of endothelial-derived secreted factors, angiocrines, has revealed non-angiogenic mechanisms of endothelial cells in both physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. In the heart, ECs play a variety of important roles during cardiac development as well as in growth, homeostasis and regeneration of the adult heart. To date, several angiocrines affecting cardiomyocyte growth in response to physiological or pathological stimuli have been identified. In this review, we discuss the effects of angiogenesis and EC-mediated signaling in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Identification of the molecular and metabolic signals from ECs during physiological and pathological cardiac growth could provide novel therapeutic targets to treat heart failure, as endothelium is emerging as one of the potential target organs in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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132
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Avraham S, Abu-Sharki S, Shofti R, Haas T, Korin B, Kalfon R, Friedman T, Shiran A, Saliba W, Shaked Y, Aronheim A. Early Cardiac Remodeling Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Circulation 2020; 142:670-683. [PMID: 32475164 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that cancer and cardiovascular diseases are associated. Chemotherapy drugs are known to result in cardiotoxicity, and studies have shown that heart failure and stress correlate with poor cancer prognosis. However, whether cardiac remodeling in the absence of heart failure is sufficient to promote cancer is unknown. METHODS To investigate the effect of early cardiac remodeling on tumor growth and metastasis colonization, we used transverse aortic constriction (TAC), a model for pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and followed it by cancer cell implantation. RESULTS TAC-operated mice developed larger primary tumors with a higher proliferation rate and displayed more metastatic lesions compared with controls. Serum derived from TAC-operated mice potentiated cancer cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting the existence of secreted tumor-promoting factors. Using RNA-sequencing data, we identified elevated mRNA levels of periostin in the hearts of TAC-operated mice. Periostin levels were also found to be high in the serum after TAC. Depletion of periostin from the serum abrogated the proliferation of cancer cells; conversely, the addition of periostin enhanced cancer cell proliferation in vitro. This is the first study to show that early cardiac remodeling nurtures tumor growth and metastasis and therefore promotes cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac remodeling because it may attenuate cancer progression and improve cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Avraham
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Soraya Abu-Sharki
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rona Shofti
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Haas
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Department of Immunology (B.K.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience (B.K.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Kalfon
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Pre-Clinical Research Authority Unit (R.S., T.H.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tom Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Department of Cardiac Surgery (T.F.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avinoam Shiran
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology (W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Raut GK, Manchineela S, Chakrabarti M, Bhukya CK, Naini R, Venkateshwari A, Reddy VD, Mendonza JJ, Suresh Y, Nallari P, Bhadra MP. Imine stilbene analog ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:80-88. [PMID: 32311492 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to stress, in order to maintain proper cardiac function. However, sustained stress leads to pathological hypertrophy accompanied by maladaptive responses and ultimately heart failure. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocyte size, reactivation of the fetal gene markers, disassembly of the sarcomere and transcriptional remodelling which are regulated by heart-specific transcription factors like MEF2, GATA4 and immediate early genes like c-jun and c-fos.2. It has been explored and established that the hypertrophic process is associated by oxidative stress and mediated by pathways involving several terminal stress kinases like P38, JNK and ERK1/2. Stilbenoids are bioactive polyphenols and earlier studies have shown that imine stilbene exert cardioprotective and anti aging effects by acting as modulators of Sirt1. The present study was aimed at designing and synthesizing a series of imine stilbene analogs and investigate its anti hypertrophic effects and regulatory mechanism in cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. Interestingly one of the analog, compound 3e (10 μM) alleviated isoproterenol (ISO, 25 μM) induced hypertrophy in rat cardiomyocyte (H9c2) cells by showing a marked decrease in the myocyte size. Further, compound 3e also restored the cardiac function by activating the metabolic stress sensor, AMPK. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed stable binding between compound 3e and GSK3β suggesting that compound 3e may directly regulate GSK3β activity and ameliorate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In agreement with this, compound 3e also modulated the crosstalk of all the hypertrophy inducing terminal Kinases by bringing down the expression to near control conditions. The compound also relieved H2O2 (100 μM) mediated ROS and normalized abnormal mitochondrial oxygen demand in hypertrophic conditions indicating the possibility of the compound to show promise in playing a role in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Raut
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Sairam Manchineela
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Moumita Chakrabarti
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Chaitanya Kumar Bhukya
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Raju Naini
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - A Venkateshwari
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetics Disease, Osmania University, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - V D Reddy
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Jolly Janette Mendonza
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Y Suresh
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Pratibha Nallari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India.
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134
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Ng R, Sewanan LR, Brill AL, Stankey P, Li X, Qyang Y, Ehrlich BE, Campbell SG. Contractile work directly modulates mitochondrial protein levels in human engineered heart tissues. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1516-H1524. [PMID: 32383992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00055.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) have emerged as a robust in vitro model to study cardiac physiology. Although biomimetic culture environments have been developed to better approximate in vivo conditions, currently available methods do not permit full recapitulation of the four phases of the cardiac cycle. We have developed a bioreactor which allows EHTs to undergo cyclic loading sequences that mimic in vivo work loops. EHTs cultured under these working conditions exhibited enhanced concentric contractions but similar isometric contractions compared with EHTs cultured isometrically. EHTs that were allowed to shorten cyclically in culture had increased capacity for contractile work when tested acutely. Increased work production was correlated with higher levels of mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial biogenesis; this effect was eliminated when tissues were cyclically shortened in the presence of a myosin ATPase inhibitor. Leveraging our novel in vitro method to precisely apply mechanical loads in culture, we grew EHTs under two loading regimes prescribing the same work output but with different associated afterloads. These groups showed no difference in mitochondrial protein expression. In loading regimes with the same afterload but different work output, tissues subjected to higher work demand exhibited elevated levels of mitochondrial protein. Our findings suggest that regulation of mitochondrial mass in cultured human EHTs is potently modulated by the mechanical work the tissue is permitted to perform in culture, presumably communicated through ATP demand. Precise application of mechanical loads to engineered heart tissues in culture represents a novel in vitro method for studying physiological and pathological cardiac adaptation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, we present a novel bioreactor that allows for active length control of engineered heart tissues during extended tissue culture. Specific length transients were designed so that engineered heart tissues generated complete cardiac work loops. Chronic culture with various work loops suggests that mitochondrial mass and biogenesis are directly regulated by work output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allison L Brill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul Stankey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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135
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Ai L, Perez E, Asimes A, Kampaengsri T, Heroux M, Zlobin A, Hiske MA, Chung CS, Pak TR, Kirk JA. Binge Alcohol Exposure in Adolescence Impairs Normal Heart Growth. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015611. [PMID: 32319345 PMCID: PMC7428579 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Approximately 1 in 6 adolescents report regular binge alcohol consumption, and we hypothesize it affects heart growth during this period. Methods and Results Adolescent, genetically diverse, male Wistar rats were gavaged with water or ethanol once per day for 6 days. In vivo structure and function were assessed before and after exposure. Binge alcohol exposure in adolescence significantly impaired normal cardiac growth but did not affect whole‐body growth during adolescence, therefore this pathology was specific to the heart. Binge rats also exhibited signs of accelerated pathological growth (concentric cellular hypertrophy and thickening of the myocardial wall), suggesting a global reorientation from physiologic to pathologic growth. Binge rats compensated for their smaller filling volumes by increasing systolic function and sympathetic stimulation. Consequently, binge alcohol exposure increased PKA (protein kinase A) phosphorylation of troponin I, inducing myofilament calcium desensitization. Binge alcohol also impaired in vivo relaxation and increased titin‐based cellular stiffness due to titin phosphorylation by PKCα (protein kinase C α). Mechanistically, alcohol inhibited extracellular signal‐related kinase activity, a nodal signaling kinase activating physiology hypertrophy. Thus, binge alcohol exposure depressed genes involved in growth. These cardiac structural alterations from binge alcohol exposure persisted through adolescence even after cessation of ethanol exposure. Conclusions Alcohol negatively impacts function in the adult heart, but the adolescent heart is substantially more sensitive to its effects. This difference is likely because adolescent binge alcohol impedes the normal rapid physiological growth and reorients it towards pathological hypertrophy. Many adolescents regularly binge alcohol, and here we report a novel pathological consequence as well as mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Ai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Edith Perez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - AnnaDorothea Asimes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Theerachat Kampaengsri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Maxime Heroux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Andrei Zlobin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Mark A Hiske
- Department of Physiology Wayne State University Detroit MI
| | | | - Toni R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
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136
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Abstract
The finding of "glycogen synthase kinase-3" (GSK-3) was initially identified as a protein kinase that phosphorylate and inhibited glycogen synthase. However, it was soon discovered that GSK-3 also has significant impact in regulation of truly astonishing number of critical intracellular signaling pathways ranging from regulation of cell growth, neurology, heart failure, diabetes, aging, inflammation, and cancer. Recent studies have validated the feasibility of targeting GSK-3 for its vital therapeutic potential to maintain normal myocardial homeostasis, conversely, its loss is incompatible with life as it can abrupt cell cycle and endorse fatal cardiomyopathy. The current study focuses on its expanding therapeutic action in myocardial tissue, concentrating primarily on its role in diabetes-associated cardiac complication, apoptosis and metabolism, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial infarction. The current report also includes the finding of our previous investigation that has shown the impact of GSK-3β inhibitor against diabetes-associated myocardial injury and experimentally induced myocardial infarction. We have also discussed some recent identified GSK-3β inhibitors for their cardio-protective potential. The crosstalk of various underlying mechanisms that highlight the significant role of GSK-3β in myocardial pathophysiology have been discussed in the present report. For these literatures, we will rely profoundly on our previous studies and those of others to reconcile some of the deceptive contradictions in the literature.
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137
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Cutie S, Payumo AY, Lunn D, Huang GN. In vitro and in vivo roles of glucocorticoid and vitamin D receptors in the control of neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferative potential. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 142:126-134. [PMID: 32289320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferative potential varies considerably across species. While lower vertebrates and neonatal mammals retain robust capacities for CM proliferation, adult mammalian CMs lose proliferative potential due to cell-cycle withdrawal and polyploidization, failing to mount a proliferative response to regenerate lost CMs after cardiac injury. The decline of murine CM proliferative potential occurs in the neonatal period when the endocrine system undergoes drastic changes for adaptation to extrauterine life. We recently demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH) signaling functions as a primary factor driving CM proliferative potential loss in vertebrates. Whether other hormonal pathways govern this process remains largely unexplored. Here we showed that agonists of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) suppressed neonatal CM proliferation. We next examined CM nucleation and proliferation in neonatal mutant mice lacking GR or VDR specifically in CMs, but we observed no difference between mutant and control littermates at postnatal day 14. Additionally, we generated compound mutant mice that lack GR or VDR and express dominant-negative TH receptor alpha in their CMs, and similarly observed no increase in CM proliferative potential compared to dominant-negative TH receptor alpha mice alone. Thus, although GR and VDR activation is sufficient to inhibit CM proliferation, they seem to be dispensable for neonatal CM cell-cycle exit and polyploidization in vivo. In addition, given the recent report that VDR activation in zebrafish promotes CM proliferation and tissue regeneration, our results suggest distinct roles of VDR in zebrafish and rodent CM cell-cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cutie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Y Payumo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dominic Lunn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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138
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Liew LC, Ho BX, Soh BS. Mending a broken heart: current strategies and limitations of cell-based therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32216837 PMCID: PMC7098097 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility of pluripotent stem cells, attributable to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and plasticity, has sparked a considerable interest for potential application in regenerative medicine. Over the past decade, the concept of replenishing the lost cardiomyocytes, the crux of the matter in ischemic heart disease, with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CM) has been validated with promising pre-clinical results. Nevertheless, clinical translation was hemmed in by limitations such as immature cardiac properties, long-term engraftment, graft-associated arrhythmias, immunogenicity, and risk of tumorigenicity. The continuous progress of stem cell-based cardiac therapy, incorporated with tissue engineering strategies and delivery of cardio-protective exosomes, provides an optimistic outlook on the development of curative treatment for heart failure. This review provides an overview and current status of stem cell-based therapy for heart regeneration, with particular focus on the use of PSC-CM. In addition, we also highlight the associated challenges in clinical application and discuss the potential strategies in developing successful cardiac-regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chuen Liew
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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139
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Hormonal Response to Incremental and Continuous Exercise in Cyclists with Left Ventricle Hypertrophy. J Hum Kinet 2020; 71:155-166. [PMID: 32148580 PMCID: PMC7052704 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of incremental and continuous exercise on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), testosterone (T), and cortisol (C), as well as to investigate whether increased cardiac dimensions in cyclists were related to changes in these hormones and cardiac biomarkers. The study included 30 elite cyclists divided into two groups, i.e., athletes with left ventricle hypertrophy (a LVH group), and a control group (CG) without LVH. The study protocol included performance of a standard incremental exercise (IncEx) test to measure athletes’ maximum power (Pmax), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and lactate threshold (LAT). The IncEx test results were then used to determine the intensity of the continuous exercise (ConEx) test which was performed after the 1-week washout period. Cyclists with LVH and without LVH did not differ in resting hormone concentrations and cardiac biomarkers levels. There was a significant effect of exercise on serum IGF-1 levels (p < 0.05) in the LVH group and a combined effect of the type of exercise and LVH on IGF-1 (p < 0.05). Cyclists with LVH demonstrated higher post exercise T levels recorded in response to exercise compared to the CG (p < 0.01). Significantly higher serum T levels were observed in response to ConEx compared to IncEx in the LVH group and the CG (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). In the LVH group, a significant positive correlation between the post-exercise T/C ratio and left ventricular mass index was observed (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). There were no effects of heart hypertrophy on cardiac standard biomarkers. Incremental and continuous exercise caused a marked increase in steroid hormone concentrations and moderate strengthening of insulin growth factors effects. Regular incremental exercise seems to induce beneficial cardiac adaptations via significant increases in the concentration of anabolic factors compared to the same training mode yet with constant exercise intensity.
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140
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Designing Novel Therapies to Mend Broken Hearts: ATF6 and Cardiac Proteostasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030602. [PMID: 32138230 PMCID: PMC7140506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart exhibits incredible plasticity in response to both environmental and genetic alterations that affect workload. Over the course of development, or in response to physiological or pathological stimuli, the heart responds to fluctuations in workload by hypertrophic growth primarily by individual cardiac myocytes growing in size. Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with an increase in protein synthesis, which must coordinate with protein folding and degradation to allow for homeostatic growth without affecting the functional integrity of cardiac myocytes (i.e., proteostasis). This increase in the protein folding demand in the growing cardiac myocyte activates the transcription factor, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6α, an inducer of genes that restore proteostasis. Previously, ATF6 has been shown to induce ER-targeted proteins functioning primarily to enhance ER protein folding and degradation. More recent studies, however, have illuminated adaptive roles for ATF6 functioning outside of the ER by inducing non-canonical targets in a stimulus-specific manner. This unique ability of ATF6 to act as an initial adaptive responder has bolstered an enthusiasm for identifying small molecule activators of ATF6 and similar proteostasis-based therapeutics.
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141
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Heallen TR, Kadow ZA, Wang J, Martin JF. Determinants of Cardiac Growth and Size. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037150. [PMID: 31615785 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the realm of zoological study, the question of how an organism reaches a specific size has been largely unexplored. Recently, studies performed to understand the regulation of organ size have revealed that both cellular signals and external cues contribute toward the determination of total cell mass within each organ. The establishment of final organ size requires the precise coordination of cell growth, proliferation, and survival throughout development and postnatal life. In the mammalian heart, the regulation of size is biphasic. During development, cardiomyocyte proliferation predominantly determines cardiac growth, whereas in the adult heart, total cell mass is governed by signals that regulate cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the extrinsic factors and intrinsic mechanisms that control heart size during development. We also discuss the metabolic switch that occurs in the heart after birth and precedes homeostatic control of postnatal heart size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Heallen
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zachary A Kadow
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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142
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Ren Z, Yu P, Li D, Li Z, Liao Y, Wang Y, Zhou B, Wang L. Single-Cell Reconstruction of Progression Trajectory Reveals Intervention Principles in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2020; 141:1704-1719. [PMID: 32098504 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a common predecessor of heart failure, the latter of which remains a major cardiovascular disease with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutics typically involve partially relieving the heart's workload after the onset of heart failure. Thus, more pathogenesis-, stage-, and cell type-specific treatment strategies require refined dissection of the entire progression at the cellular and molecular levels. METHODS By analyzing the transcriptomes of 11,492 single cells and identifying major cell types, including both cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes, on the basis of their molecular signatures, at different stages during the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model, we characterized the spatiotemporal interplay among cell types, and tested potential pharmacological treatment strategies to retard its progression in vivo. RESULTS We illustrated the dynamics of all major cardiac cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, as well as those of their respective subtypes, during the progression of disease. Cellular crosstalk analysis revealed stagewise utilization of specific noncardiomyocytes during the deterioration of heart function. Specifically, macrophage activation and subtype switching, a key event at middle-stage of cardiac hypertrophy, was successfully targeted by Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in clinical trials for patients with heart failure, as well as TD139 and Arglabin, two anti-inflammatory agents new to cardiac diseases, to preserve cardiac function and attenuate fibrosis. Similar molecular patterns of hypertrophy were also observed in human patient samples of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study not only illustrated dynamically changing cell type crosstalk during pathological cardiac hypertrophy but also shed light on strategies for cell type- and stage-specific intervention in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongna Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.).,Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen (Z.R., L.W.)
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.)
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.)
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.)
| | - Yingnan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.)
| | - Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.)
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Z.R., P.Y., D.L., Z.L., Y.L., Y.W., B.Z., L.W.).,Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen (Z.R., L.W.)
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143
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Abstract
The hallmark of most cardiac diseases is the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes. In the perinatal period, cardiomyocytes still proliferate, and the heart shows the capacity to regenerate upon injury. In the adult heart, however, the actual rate of cardiomyocyte renewal is too low to efficiently counteract substantial cell loss caused by cardiac injury. In mammals, cardiac growth by cell number expansion changes to growth by cardiomyocyte enlargement soon after birth, coinciding with a period in which most cardiomyocytes increase their DNA content by multinucleation and nuclear polyploidization. Although cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is often associated with these processes, whether polyploidy is a prerequisite or a consequence of hypertrophic growth is unclear. Both the benefits of cardiomyocyte enlargement over proliferative growth of the heart and the physiological role of polyploidy in cardiomyocytes are enigmatic. Interestingly, hearts in animal species with substantial cardiac regenerative capacity dominantly comprise diploid cardiomyocytes, raising the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte polyploidy poses a barrier for cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequent heart regeneration. On the contrary, there is also evidence for self-duplication of multinucleated myocytes, suggesting a more complex picture of polyploidy in heart regeneration. Polyploidy is not restricted to the heart but also occurs in other cell types in the body. In this review, we explore the biological relevance of polyploidy in different species and tissues to acquire insight into its specific role in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we speculate about the physiological role of polyploidy in cardiomyocytes and how this might relate to renewal and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Derks
- From the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (W.D., O.B.)
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- From the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (W.D., O.B.).,Karolinska Institutet, Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.)
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144
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Verjans R, van Bilsen M, Schroen B. Reviewing the Limitations of Adult Mammalian Cardiac Regeneration: Noncoding RNAs as Regulators of Cardiomyogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020262. [PMID: 32050588 PMCID: PMC7072544 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is incapable of regeneration following cardiac injury, leading to a decline in function and eventually heart failure. One of the most evident barriers limiting cardiac regeneration is the inability of cardiomyocytes to divide. It has recently become clear that the mammalian heart undergoes limited cardiomyocyte self-renewal throughout life and is even capable of modest regeneration early after birth. These exciting findings have awakened the goal to promote cardiomyogenesis of the human heart to repair cardiac injury or treat heart failure. We are still far from understanding why adult mammalian cardiomyocytes possess only a limited capacity to proliferate. Identifying the key regulators may help to progress towards such revolutionary therapy. Specific noncoding RNAs control cardiomyocyte division, including well explored microRNAs and more recently emerged long noncoding RNAs. Elucidating their function and molecular mechanisms during cardiomyogenesis is a prerequisite to advance towards therapeutic options for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we present an overview of the molecular basis of cardiac regeneration and describe current evidence implicating microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Current limitations and future opportunities regarding how these regulatory mechanisms can be harnessed to study myocardial regeneration will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Verjans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Blanche Schroen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433882949
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145
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Blunsom NJ, Cockcroft S. CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthases (CDS): Gateway to Phosphatidylinositol and Cardiolipin Synthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32117988 PMCID: PMC7018664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and cardiolipin (CL). Both PI and CL have highly specialized roles in cells. PI can be phosphorylated and these phosphorylated derivatives play major roles in signal transduction, membrane traffic, and maintenance of the actin cytoskeletal network. CL is the signature lipid of mitochondria and has a plethora of functions including maintenance of cristae morphology, mitochondrial fission, and fusion and for electron transport chain super complex formation. Both lipids are synthesized in different organelles although they share the common intermediate, CDP-DAG. CDP-DAG is synthesized from phosphatidic acid (PA) and CTP by enzymes that display CDP-DAG synthase activities. Two families of enzymes, CDS and TAMM41, which bear no sequence or structural relationship, have now been identified. TAMM41 is a peripheral membrane protein localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane required for CL synthesis. CDS enzymes are ancient integral membrane proteins found in all three domains of life. In mammals, they provide CDP-DAG for PI synthesis and for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and CL synthesis in prokaryotes. CDS enzymes are critical for maintaining phosphoinositide levels during phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. Hydrolysis of PI (4,5) bisphosphate by PLC requires the resynthesis of PI and CDS enzymes catalyze the rate-limiting step in the process. In mammals, the protein products of two CDS genes (CDS1 and CDS2) localize to the ER and it is suggested that CDS2 is the major CDS for this process. Expression of CDS enzymes are regulated by transcription factors and CDS enzymes may also contribute to CL synthesis in mitochondria. Studies of CDS enzymes in protozoa reveal spatial segregation of CDS enzymes from the rest of the machinery required for both PI and CL synthesis identifying a key gap in our understanding of how CDP-DAG can cross the different membrane compartments in protozoa and in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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146
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Oldfield CJ, Duhamel TA, Dhalla NS. Mechanisms for the transition from physiological to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:74-84. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The heart is capable of responding to stressful situations by increasing muscle mass, which is broadly defined as cardiac hypertrophy. This phenomenon minimizes ventricular wall stress for the heart undergoing a greater than normal workload. At initial stages, cardiac hypertrophy is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function and is considered to be adaptive or physiological; however, at later stages, if the stimulus is not removed, it is associated with contractile dysfunction and is termed as pathological cardiac hypertrophy. It is during physiological cardiac hypertrophy where the function of subcellular organelles, including the sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and myofibrils, may be upregulated, while pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with downregulation of these subcellular activities. The transition of physiological cardiac hypertrophy to pathological cardiac hypertrophy may be due to the reduction in blood supply to hypertrophied myocardium as a consequence of reduced capillary density. Oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes are suggested to play a critical role in the depression of contractile function during the development of pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Oldfield
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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147
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Grund A, Szaroszyk M, Döppner JK, Malek Mohammadi M, Kattih B, Korf-Klingebiel M, Gigina A, Scherr M, Kensah G, Jara-Avaca M, Gruh I, Martin U, Wollert KC, Gohla A, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Bauersachs J, Heineke J. A gene therapeutic approach to inhibit calcium and integrin binding protein 1 ameliorates maladaptive remodelling in pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:71-82. [PMID: 29931050 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Chronic heart failure is becoming increasingly prevalent and is still associated with a high mortality rate. Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis drive cardiac remodelling and heart failure, but they are not sufficiently inhibited by current treatment strategies. Furthermore, despite increasing knowledge on cardiomyocyte intracellular signalling proteins inducing pathological hypertrophy, therapeutic approaches to target these molecules are currently unavailable. In this study, we aimed to establish and test a therapeutic tool to counteract the 22 kDa calcium and integrin binding protein (CIB) 1, which we have previously identified as nodal regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and as activator of the maladaptive calcineurin/NFAT axis. Methods and results Among three different sequences, we selected a shRNA construct (shCIB1) to specifically down-regulate CIB1 by 50% upon adenoviral overexpression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM), and upon overexpression by an adeno-associated-virus (AAV) 9 vector in mouse hearts. Overexpression of shCIB1 in NRCM markedly reduced cellular growth, improved contractility of bioartificial cardiac tissue and reduced calcineurin/NFAT activation in response to hypertrophic stimulation. In mice, administration of AAV-shCIB1 strongly ameliorated eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction during 2 weeks of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Ultrastructural and molecular analyses revealed markedly reduced myocardial fibrosis, inhibition of hypertrophy associated gene expression and calcineurin/NFAT as well as ERK MAP kinase activation after TAC in AAV-shCIB1 vs. AAV-shControl treated mice. During long-term exposure to pressure overload for 10 weeks, AAV-shCIB1 treatment maintained its anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic effects, but cardiac function was no longer improved vs. AAV-shControl treatment, most likely resulting from a reduction in myocardial angiogenesis upon downregulation of CIB1. Conclusions Inhibition of CIB1 by a shRNA-mediated gene therapy potently inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis during pressure overload. While cardiac function is initially improved by shCIB1, this cannot be kept up during persisting overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grund
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szaroszyk
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina K Döppner
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Badder Kattih
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Gigina
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Hämostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation
| | - George Kensah
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monica Jara-Avaca
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai C Wollert
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Gohla
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie and Rudolf Virchow Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, Mannheim, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
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148
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Wang Y, Qiu T. Positive transcription elongation factor b and its regulators in development. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2019.1663277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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149
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Shabana NA, Shahid SU, Irfan U. Genetic Contribution to Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:12-23. [PMID: 31872283 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital problems in neonates. The basis for CHD is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental components. The elucidation of genetic components remains difficult because it is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Currently, the major identified genetic causes include chromosomal abnormalities, large subchromosomal deletions/duplications, and point mutations. However, much more remains to be unraveled. An important insight from the research on the genetics of CHD is that any change at the genetic level that alters the dosage of genes required in any process during heart development results in a developmental defect. The use of conventional gene identification (linkage analysis and direct targeted sequencing) methods followed by the rapid advancements in high-throughput technologies (copy number variant platforms, SNP arrays, and next-generation sequencing) has identified an extensive list of genetic causes. However, the most common presentation of CHD is in the form of sporadic cases. Therefore, it is important to identify their underlying genetic cause. In this review, we revisit the causal genetic factors of CHD and discuss the clinical implications of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Irfan
- The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
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150
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Paauw ND, Stegeman R, de Vroede MAMJ, Termote JUM, Freund MW, Breur JMPJ. Neonatal cardiac hypertrophy: the role of hyperinsulinism-a review of literature. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:39-50. [PMID: 31840185 PMCID: PMC6942572 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in neonates is a rare and heterogeneous disorder which is characterized by hypertrophy of heart with histological and functional disruption of the myocardial structure/composition. The prognosis of HCM depends on the underlying diagnosis. In this review, we emphasize the importance to consider hyperinsulinism in the differential diagnosis of HCM, as hyperinsulinism is widely associated with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) which cannot be distinguished from HCM on echocardiographic examination. We supply an overview of the incidence and treatment strategies of neonatal CH in a broad spectrum of hyperinsulinemic diseases. Reviewing the literature, we found that CH is reported in 13 to 44% of infants of diabetic mothers, in approximately 40% of infants with congenital hyperinsulinism, in 61% of infants with leprechaunism and in 48 to 61% of the patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. The correct diagnosis is of importance since there is a large variation in prognoses and there are various strategies to treat CH in hyperinsulinemic diseases.Conclusion: The relationship between CH and hyperinsulism has implications for clinical practice as it might help to establish the correct diagnosis in neonates with cardiac hypertrophy which has both prognostic and therapeutic consequences. In addition, CH should be recognized as a potential comorbidity which might necessitate treatment in all neonates with known hyperinsulinism.What is Known:• Hyperinsulinism is currently not acknowledged as a cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in textbooks and recent Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry publications.What is New:• This article presents an overview of the literature of hyperinsulinism in neonates and infants showing that hyperinsulinism is associated with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) in a broad range of hyperinsulinemic diseases.• As CH cannot be distinguished from HCM on echocardiographic examination, we emphasize the importance to consider hyperinsulinism in the differential diagnosis of HCM/CH as establishing the correct diagnosis has both prognostic and therapeutic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina D. Paauw
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Stegeman
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A. M. J. de Vroede
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline U. M. Termote
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias W. Freund
- grid.5560.60000 0001 1009 3608Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Klinikum Oldenburg, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Johannes M. P. J. Breur
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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