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Bian Z, Feng Y, Xue Y, Hu Y, Wang Q, Zhou L, Liu Z, Zhang J, Yin Y, Gu B, Huang Z. Down-regulation of SNX1 predicts poor prognosis and contributes to drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6619-25. [PMID: 26643894 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Kumar A, Baycin-Hizal D, Wolozny D, Pedersen LE, Lewis NE, Heffner K, Chaerkady R, Cole RN, Shiloach J, Zhang H, Bowen MA, Betenbaugh MJ. Elucidation of the CHO Super-Ome (CHO-SO) by Proteoinformatics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4687-703. [PMID: 26418914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred host cell line for manufacturing a variety of complex biotherapeutic drugs including monoclonal antibodies. We performed a proteomics and bioinformatics analysis on the spent medium from adherent CHO cells. Supernatant from CHO-K1 culture was collected and subjected to in-solution digestion followed by LC/LC-MS/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 3281 different host cell proteins (HCPs). To functionally categorize them, we applied multiple bioinformatics tools to the proteins identified in our study including SignalP, TargetP, SecretomeP, TMHMM, WoLF PSORT, and Phobius. This analysis provided information on the presence of signal peptides, transmembrane domains, and cellular localization and showed that both secreted and intracellular proteins were constituents of the supernatant. Identified proteins were shown to be localized to the secretory pathway including ones playing roles in cell growth, proliferation, and folding as well as those involved in protein degradation and removal. After combining proteins predicted to be secreted or having a signal peptide, we identified 1015 proteins, which we termed as CHO supernatant-ome (CHO-SO), or superome. As a part of this effort, we created a publically accessible web-based tool called GO-CHO to functionally categorize proteins found in CHO-SO and identify enriched molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. We also used a tool to evaluate the immunogenicity potential of high-abundance HCPs. Among enriched functions were catalytic activity and structural constituents of the cytoskeleton. Various transport related biological processes, such as vesicle mediated transport, were found to be highly enriched. Extracellular space and vesicular exosome associated proteins were found to be the most enriched cellular components. The superome also contained proteins secreted from both classical and nonclassical secretory pathways. The work and database described in our study will enable the CHO community to rapidly identify high-abundance HCPs in their cultures and therefore help assess process and purification methods used in the production of biologic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institute of Health, Building 14A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Deniz Baycin-Hizal
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Daniel Wolozny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lasse Ebdrup Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Kelley Heffner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert N Cole
- Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institute of Health, Building 14A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 400 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Michael A Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Ghesquieres H, Slager SL, Jardin F, Veron AS, Asmann YW, Maurer MJ, Fest T, Habermann TM, Bene MC, Novak AJ, Mareschal S, Haioun C, Lamy T, Ansell SM, Tilly H, Witzig TE, Weiner GJ, Feldman AL, Dogan A, Cunningham JM, Olswold CL, Molina TJ, Link BK, Milpied N, Cox DG, Salles GA, Cerhan JR. Genome-Wide Association Study of Event-Free Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Immunochemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3930-7. [PMID: 26460308 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.60.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a multistage genome-wide association study to identify inherited genetic variants that predict outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association study data sets, one from the LNH2003B trial (N = 540), a prospective clinical trial from the Lymphoma Study Association, and the other from the Molecular Epidemiology Resource study (N = 312), a prospective observational study from the University of Iowa-Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence. Top single nucleotide polymorphisms were then genotyped in independent cohorts of patients from the Specialized Program of Research Excellence (N = 391) and the Groupe Ouest-Est des Leucémies Aiguës et Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) -075 randomized trial (N = 294). We calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) using a log-additive genetic model with adjustment for age, sex, and age-adjusted International Prognostic Index. RESULTS In a meta-analysis of the four studies, the top loci for EFS were marked by rs7712513 at 5q23.2 (near SNX2 and SNCAIP; HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.57; P = 2.08 × 10(-7)), and rs7765004 at 6q21 (near MARCKS and HDAC2; HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.57; P = 7.09 × 10(-7)), although they did not reach conventional genome-wide significance (P = 5 × 10(-8)). Both rs7712513 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.72; P = 3.53 × 10(-8)) and rs7765004 (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.71; P = 5.36 × 10(-7)) were also associated with OS. In exploratory analyses, a two-single nucleotide polymorphism risk score was highly predictive of EFS (P = 1.78 × 10(-12)) and was independent of treatment, IPI, and cell-of-origin classification. CONCLUSION Our study provides encouraging evidence for associations between loci at 5q23.2 and 6q21 with EFS and OS in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy, suggesting novel biology and the potential contribution of host genetics to the prognosis of this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ghesquieres
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Fabrice Jardin
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Amelie S Veron
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew J Maurer
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thierry Fest
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thomas M Habermann
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Marie C Bene
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sylvain Mareschal
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Corinne Haioun
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thierry Lamy
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Stephen M Ansell
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Herve Tilly
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thomas E Witzig
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - George J Weiner
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Curtis L Olswold
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thierry Jo Molina
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Brian K Link
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Noel Milpied
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David G Cox
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Gilles A Salles
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Hervé Ghesquieres, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard; Amelie S. Veron and David G. Cox, L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; Hervé Ghesquieres and Gilles A. Salles, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud; Gilles A. Salles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Fabrice Jardin, Sylvain Mareschal, and Herve Tilly, INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen; Thierry Fest, INSERM U917, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou; Thierry Lamy, Université de Rennes 1, Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes; Marie C. Bene, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes; Corinne Haioun, Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and University Paris Est, Créteil; Thierry Jo Molina, Universite Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris; Noel Milpied, University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hervé Ghesquieres, Susan L. Slager, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Ahmet Dogan, Julie M. Cunningham, Curtis L. Olswold, and James R. Cerhan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Yan W. Asmann, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and George J. Weiner and Brian K. Link, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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Wilkes MC, Repellin CE, Kang JH, Andrianifahanana M, Yin X, Leof EB. Sorting nexin 9 differentiates ligand-activated Smad3 from Smad2 for nuclear import and transforming growth factor β signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3879-91. [PMID: 26337383 PMCID: PMC4626071 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) is shown to differentiate Smad3 from Smad2 nuclear delivery by mediating the association of phosphorylated Smad3 with importin 8 and the nuclear membrane. While the absence of SNX9 had negligible effects on transforming growth factor β receptor activity or Smad2 signaling, Smad3-dependent targets and phenotypes were inhibited. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic protein secreted from essentially all cell types and primary tissues. While TGFβ’s actions reflect the activity of a number of signaling networks, the primary mediator of TGFβ responses are the Smad proteins. Following receptor activation, these cytoplasmic proteins form hetero-oligomeric complexes that translocate to the nucleus and affect gene transcription. Here, through biological, biochemical, and immunofluorescence approaches, sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) is identified as being required for Smad3-dependent responses. SNX9 interacts with phosphorylated (p) Smad3 independent of Smad2 or Smad4 and promotes more rapid nuclear delivery than that observed independent of ligand. Although SNX9 does not bind nucleoporins Nup153 or Nup214 or some β importins (Imp7 or Impβ), it mediates the association of pSmad3 with Imp8 and the nuclear membrane. This facilitates nuclear translocation of pSmad3 but not SNX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wilkes
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Claire E Repellin
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jeong-Han Kang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Mahefatiana Andrianifahanana
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Xueqian Yin
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Edward B Leof
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
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Xie S, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Diacylglycerol kinases in membrane trafficking. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2015; 5:e1078431. [PMID: 27057419 DOI: 10.1080/21592799.2015.1078431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) belong to a family of cytosolic kinases that regulate the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG), converting it into phosphatidic acid (PA). There are 10 known mammalian DGK isoforms, each with a different tissue distribution and substrate specificity. These differences allow regulation of cellular responses by fine-tuning the delicate balance of cellular DAG and PA. DGK isoforms are best characterized as mediators of signal transduction and immune function. However, since recent studies reveal that DAG and PA are also involved in the regulation of endocytic trafficking, it is therefore anticipated that DGKs also plays an important role in membrane trafficking. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the role of DGK isoforms at different stages of endocytic trafficking, including endocytosis, exocytosis, endocytic recycling, and transport from/to the Golgi apparatus. Overall, these studies contribute to our understanding of the involvement of PA and DAG in endocytic trafficking, an area of research that is drawing increasing attention in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
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Zhou C, You Y, Shen W, Zhu YZ, Peng J, Feng HT, Wang Y, Li D, Shao WW, Li CX, Li WZ, Xu J, Shen X. Deficiency of sorting nexin 10 prevents bone erosion in collagen-induced mouse arthritis through promoting NFATc1 degradation. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1211-8. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivePeriarticular and subchondral bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis caused by osteoclast differentiation and activation is a critical index for diagnosis, therapy and monitoring of the disease. Sorting nexin (SNX) 10, a member of the SNX family which functions in regulation of endosomal sorting, has been implicated to play an important clinical role in malignant osteopetrosis. Here we studied the roles and precise mechanisms of SNX10 in the bone destruction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice.MethodsThe role of SNX10 in bone destruction was evaluated by a CIA mice model which was induced in male SNX10−/− mice and wild type littermates. The mechanism was explored in osteoclasts induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand from bone marrow mononuclear cells of wild type and SNX10−/− mice.ResultsSNX10 knockout prevented bone loss and joint destruction in CIA mice with reduced serum levels of TNF-α, interleukin 1β and anticollagen IgG 2α antibody. SNX10 deficiency did not block osteoclastogenesis, but significantly impaired osteoclast maturation and bone-resorption function by disturbing the formation of actin belt. The production of TRAP, CtsK and MMP9 in SNX10−/− osteoclasts was significantly inhibited, and partially restored by SNX10 overexpression. We further demonstrated that the degradation of NFATc1 was accelerated in SNX10−/− osteoclasts causing an inhibition of integrin β3-Src-PYK2 signalling.ConclusionsOur study discloses a crucial role and novel mechanism for SNX10 in osteoclast function, and provides evidence for SNX10 as a promising novel therapeutic target for suppression of immune inflammation and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Feng T, Niu M, Ji C, Gao Y, Wen J, Bu G, Xu H, Zhang YW. SNX15 Regulates Cell Surface Recycling of APP and Aβ Generation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3690-3701. [PMID: 26115702 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is generated from amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavages by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase. Trafficking dysregulation of APP, BACE1, and γ-secretase may affect Aβ generation and disease pathogenesis. Sorting nexin 15 (SNX15) is known to regulate protein trafficking. Here, we report that SNX15 is abundantly expressed in mouse neurons and astrocytes. In addition, we show that although not affecting the protein levels of APP, BACE1, and γ-secretase components and the activity of BACE1 and γ-secretase, overexpression and downregulation of SNX15 reduce and promote Aβ production, respectively. Furthermore, we find that overexpression of SNX15 increases APP protein levels in cell surface through accelerating APP recycling, whereas downregulation of SNX15 has an opposite effect. Finally, we show that exogenous expression of human SNX15 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus by adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection can significantly reduce Aβ pathology in the hippocampus and improve short-term working memory in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 double transgenic AD model mice. Together, our results suggest that SNX15 regulates the recycling of APP to cell surface and, thus, its processing for Aβ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuancheng Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengxiang Ji
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuehong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Degenerative Disease Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Degenerative Disease Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Vu Manh TP, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Urien C, Ruscanu S, Jouneau L, Bourge M, Moroldo M, Foucras G, Salmon H, Marty H, Quéré P, Bertho N, Boudinot P, Dalod M, Schwartz-Cornil I. Defining Mononuclear Phagocyte Subset Homology Across Several Distant Warm-Blooded Vertebrates Through Comparative Transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2015; 6:299. [PMID: 26150816 PMCID: PMC4473062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are organized in a complex system of ontogenetically and functionally distinct subsets, that has been best described in mouse and to some extent in human. Identification of homologous mononuclear phagocyte subsets in other vertebrate species of biomedical, economic, and environmental interest is needed to improve our knowledge in physiologic and physio-pathologic processes, and to design intervention strategies against a variety of diseases, including zoonotic infections. We developed a streamlined approach combining refined cell sorting and integrated comparative transcriptomics analyses which revealed conservation of the mononuclear phagocyte organization across human, mouse, sheep, pigs and, in some respect, chicken. This strategy should help democratizing the use of omics analyses for the identification and study of cell types across tissues and species. Moreover, we identified conserved gene signatures that enable robust identification and universal definition of these cell types. We identified new evolutionarily conserved gene candidates and gene interaction networks for the molecular regulation of the development or functions of these cell types, as well as conserved surface candidates for refined subset phenotyping throughout species. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that orthologous genes of the conserved signatures exist in teleost fishes and apparently not in Lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; U1104, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, CNRS , Marseille , France
| | - Jamila Elhmouzi-Younes
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Céline Urien
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Suzana Ruscanu
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Mickaël Bourge
- IFR87 La Plante et son Environnement, IMAGIF CNRS , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- CRB GADIE, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT , Toulouse , France ; UMR1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, INRA , Toulouse , France
| | - Henri Salmon
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Hélène Marty
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Marc Dalod
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; U1104, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, CNRS , Marseille , France
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The Proteome of the Isolated Chlamydia trachomatis Containing Vacuole Reveals a Complex Trafficking Platform Enriched for Retromer Components. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004883. [PMID: 26042774 PMCID: PMC4456400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an important human pathogen that replicates inside the infected host cell in a unique vacuole, the inclusion. The formation of this intracellular bacterial niche is essential for productive Chlamydia infections. Despite its importance for Chlamydia biology, a holistic view on the protein composition of the inclusion, including its membrane, is currently missing. Here we describe the host cell-derived proteome of isolated C. trachomatis inclusions by quantitative proteomics. Computational analysis indicated that the inclusion is a complex intracellular trafficking platform that interacts with host cells’ antero- and retrograde trafficking pathways. Furthermore, the inclusion is highly enriched for sorting nexins of the SNX-BAR retromer, a complex essential for retrograde trafficking. Functional studies showed that in particular, SNX5 controls the C. trachomatis infection and that retrograde trafficking is essential for infectious progeny formation. In summary, these findings suggest that C. trachomatis hijacks retrograde pathways for effective infection. The important human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis causes 100 million new infections each year world-wide. It replicates inside the infected host cell in a unique vacuole, the inclusion. Currently, the nature, and specifically the protein composition of the inclusion, is poorly defined. Here, we described the host cell-derived inclusion proteome by quantitative proteomics using a newly established method to purify inclusions from infected epithelial cells. We showed that the inclusion is a complex intracellular trafficking platform that is well embedded into the organellar network and interacts with host cells’ antero- and retrograde trafficking pathways. Particularly, SNX1, 2, 5 and 6, components of the retromer, are recruited to the inclusion and seem to control the infection. We found also that retrograde trafficking is essential for Chlamydia progeny formation. Our study provides new insights into how the obligate intracellular bacterium C. trachomatis interacts with the eukaryotic host cell and subverts host cell functions for productive infection.
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Choi S, Thapa N, Tan X, Hedman AC, Anderson RA. PIP kinases define PI4,5P₂signaling specificity by association with effectors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:711-23. [PMID: 25617736 PMCID: PMC4380618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P₂) is an essential lipid messenger with roles in all eukaryotes and most aspects of human physiology. By controlling the targeting and activity of its effectors, PI4,5P₂modulates processes, such as cell migration, vesicular trafficking, cellular morphogenesis, signaling and gene expression. In cells, PI4,5P₂has a much higher concentration than other phosphoinositide species and its total content is largely unchanged in response to extracellular stimuli. The discovery of a vast array of PI4,5P₂ binding proteins is consistent with data showing that the majority of cellular PI4,5P₂is sequestered. This supports a mechanism where PI4,5P₂functions as a localized and highly specific messenger. Further support of this mechanism comes from the de novo synthesis of PI4,5P₂which is often linked with PIP kinase interaction with PI4,5P₂effectors and is a mechanism to define specificity of PI4,5P₂signaling. The association of PI4,5P₂-generating enzymes with PI4,5P₂effectors regulate effector function both temporally and spatially in cells. In this review, the PI4,5P₂effectors whose functions are tightly regulated by associations with PI4,5P₂-generating enzymes will be discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyong Choi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Narendra Thapa
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Hedman
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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111
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Gerber MM, Hampel H, Zhou XP, Schulz NP, Suhy A, Deveci M, Çatalyürek ÜV, Ewart Toland A. Allele-specific imbalance mapping at human orthologs of mouse susceptibility to colon cancer (Scc) loci. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2323-31. [PMID: 25973956 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be classified into different types. Chromosomal instable (CIN) colon cancers are thought to be the most common type of colon cancer. The risk of developing a CIN-related CRC is due in part to inherited risk factors. Genome-wide association studies have yielded over 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRC risk, but these only account for a subset of risk alleles. Some of this missing heritability may be due to gene-gene interactions. We developed a strategy to identify interacting candidate genes/loci for CRC risk that utilizes both linkage and RNA-seq data from mouse models in combination with allele-specific imbalance (ASI) studies in human tumors. We applied our strategy to three previously identified CRC susceptibility loci in the mouse that show evidence of genetic interaction: Scc4, Scc5 and Scc13. 525 SNPs from genes showing differential expression in the mouse and/or a previous role in cancer from the literature were evaluated for allele-specific imbalance in 194 paired human normal/tumor DNAs from CIN-related CRCs. One hundred three SNPs showing suggestive evidence of ASI (31 variants with uncorrected p values < 0.05) were genotyped in a validation set of 296 paired DNAs. Two variants in SNX10 (SCC13) showed significant evidence of allelic selection after multiple comparisons testing. Future studies will evaluate the role of these variants in combination with interacting genetic partners in colon cancer risk in mouse and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn M Gerber
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,The OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- The OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nathan P Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Health System, Chicago, IL.,Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Adam Suhy
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Mehmet Deveci
- Biomedical Informatics, Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ümit V Çatalyürek
- Biomedical Informatics, Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,The OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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112
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Examination of metabolic responses to phosphorus limitation via proteomic analyses in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10373. [PMID: 26020491 PMCID: PMC4446992 DOI: 10.1038/srep10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for the survival of marine phytoplankton. In the present study, phytoplankton response to phosphorus limitation was studied by proteomic profiling in diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in both cellular and molecular levels. A total of 42 non-redundant proteins were identified, among which 8 proteins were found to be upregulated and 34 proteins were downregulated. The results also showed that the proteins associated with inorganic phosphate uptake were downregulated, whereas the proteins involved in organic phosphorus uptake such as alkaline phosphatase were upregulated. The proteins involved in metabolic responses such as protein degradation, lipid accumulation and photorespiration were upregulated whereas energy metabolism, photosynthesis, amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism tend to be downregulated. Overall our results showed the changes in protein levels of P. tricornutum during phosphorus stress. This study preludes for understanding the role of phosphorous in marine biogeochemical cycles and phytoplankton response to phosphorous scarcity in ocean. It also provides insight into the succession of phytoplankton community, providing scientific basis for elucidating the mechanism of algal blooms.
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113
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Osborne DG, Piotrowski JT, Dick CJ, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD. SNX17 affects T cell activation by regulating TCR and integrin recycling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4555-66. [PMID: 25825439 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A key component in T cell activation is the endosomal recycling of receptors to the cell surface, thereby allowing continual integration of signaling and Ag recognition. One protein potentially involved in TCR transport is sorting nexin 17 (SNX17). SNX proteins have been found to bind proteins involved in T cell activation, but specifically the role of SNX17 in receptor recycling and T cell activation is unknown. Using immunofluorescence, we find that SNX17 colocalizes with TCR and localizes to the immune synapse in T- conjugates. Significantly, knockdown of the SNX17 resulted in fewer T-APC conjugates, lower CD69, TCR, and LFA-1 surface expression, as well as lower overall TCR recycling compared with control T cells. Lastly, we identified the 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of SNX17 as being responsible in the binding and trafficking of TCR and LFA-1 to the cell surface. These data suggest that SNX17 plays a role in the maintenance of normal surface levels of activating receptors and integrins to permit optimum T cell activation at the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Osborne
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Joshua T Piotrowski
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Christopher J Dick
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
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Osteopetrorickets due to Snx10 deficiency in mice results from both failed osteoclast activity and loss of gastric acid-dependent calcium absorption. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005057. [PMID: 25811986 PMCID: PMC4374855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in sorting nexin 10 (Snx10) have recently been found to account for roughly 4% of all human malignant osteopetrosis, some of them fatal. To study the disease pathogenesis, we investigated the expression of Snx10 and created mouse models in which Snx10 was knocked down globally or knocked out in osteoclasts. Endocytosis is severely defective in Snx10-deficient osteoclasts, as is extracellular acidification, ruffled border formation, and bone resorption. We also discovered that Snx10 is highly expressed in stomach epithelium, with mutations leading to high stomach pH and low calcium solubilization. Global Snx10-deficiency in mice results in a combined phenotype: osteopetrosis (due to osteoclast defect) and rickets (due to high stomach pH and low calcium availability, resulting in impaired bone mineralization). Osteopetrorickets, the paradoxical association of insufficient mineralization in the context of a positive total body calcium balance, is thought to occur due to the inability of the osteoclasts to maintain normal calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. However, osteoclast-specific Snx10 knockout had no effect on calcium balance, and therefore led to severe osteopetrosis without rickets. Moreover, supplementation with calcium gluconate rescued mice from the rachitic phenotype and dramatically extended life span in global Snx10-deficient mice, suggesting that this may be a life-saving component of the clinical approach to Snx10-dependent human osteopetrosis that has previously gone unrecognized. We conclude that tissue-specific effects of Snx10 mutation need to be considered in clinical approaches to this disease entity. Reliance solely on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can leave hypocalcemia uncorrected with sometimes fatal consequences. These studies established an essential role for Snx10 in bone homeostasis and underscore the importance of gastric acidification in calcium uptake.
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115
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Ha CM, Park D, Kim Y, Na M, Panda S, Won S, Kim H, Ryu H, Park ZY, Rasenick MM, Chang S. SNX14 is a bifunctional negative regulator for neuronal 5-HT6 receptor signaling. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1848-61. [PMID: 25795301 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also known as serotonin) subtype 6 receptor (5-HT6R, also known as HTR6) plays roles in cognition, anxiety and learning and memory disorders, yet new details concerning its regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that 5-HT6R directly interacted with SNX14 and that this interaction dramatically increased internalization and degradation of 5-HT6R. Knockdown of endogenous SNX14 had the opposite effect. SNX14 is highly expressed in the brain and contains a putative regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain. Although its RGS domain was found to be non-functional as a GTPase activator for Gαs, we found that it specifically bound to and sequestered Gαs, thus inhibiting downstream cAMP production. We further found that protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of SNX14 inhibited its binding to Gαs and diverted SNX14 from Gαs binding to 5-HT6R binding, thus facilitating the endocytic degradation of the receptor. Therefore, our results suggest that SNX14 is a dual endogenous negative regulator in 5-HT6R-mediated signaling pathway, modulating both signaling and trafficking of 5-HT6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Man Ha
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 700-100, South Korea
| | - Daehun Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Myeongsu Na
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Surabhi Panda
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60680, USA
| | - Sehoon Won
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60680, USA
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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NISHIMURA YUKIO, TAKIGUCHI SOICHI, ITO SHIGERU, ITOH KAZUYUKI. EGF-stimulated AKT activation is mediated by EGFR recycling via an early endocytic pathway in a gefitinib-resistant human lung cancer cell line. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1721-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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117
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Kondo N, Marin M, Kim JH, Desai TM, Melikyan GB. Distinct requirements for HIV-cell fusion and HIV-mediated cell-cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6558-73. [PMID: 25589785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether HIV-1 enters cells by fusing with the plasma membrane or with endosomes is a subject of active debate. The ability of HIV-1 to mediate fusion between adjacent cells, a process referred to as "fusion-from-without" (FFWO), shows that this virus can fuse with the plasma membrane. To compare FFWO occurring at the cell surface with HIV-cell fusion through a conventional entry route, we designed an experimental approach that enabled the measurements of both processes in the same sample. The following key differences were observed. First, a very small fraction of viruses fusing with target cells participated in FFWO. Second, whereas HIV-1 fusion with adherent cells was insensitive to actin inhibitors, post-CD4/coreceptor binding steps during FFWO were abrogated. A partial dependence of HIV-cell fusion on actin remodeling was observed in CD4(+) T cells, but this effect appeared to be due to the actin dependence of virus uptake. Third, deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 gp41 dramatically enhanced the ability of the virus to promote FFWO, while having a modest effect on virus-cell fusion. Distinct efficiencies and actin dependences of FFWO versus HIV-cell fusion are consistent with the notion that, except for a minor fraction of particles that mediate fusion between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells, HIV-1 enters through an endocytic pathway. We surmise, however, that cell-cell contacts enabling HIV-1 fusion with the plasma membrane could be favored at the sites of high density of target cells, such as lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kondo
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University Children's Center, Atlanta and
| | - Mariana Marin
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University Children's Center, Atlanta and
| | - Jeong Hwa Kim
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University Children's Center, Atlanta and
| | - Tanay M Desai
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University Children's Center, Atlanta and
| | - Gregory B Melikyan
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University Children's Center, Atlanta and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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de Velasco EMF, McCall N, Wickman K. GIRK Channel Plasticity and Implications for Drug Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 123:201-38. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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119
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Sorting nexin 6 enhances lamin a synthesis and incorporation into the nuclear envelope. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115571. [PMID: 25535984 PMCID: PMC4275242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are important structural and functional proteins in mammalian cells, but little is known about the mechanisms and cofactors that regulate their traffic into the nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that trafficking of lamin A, but not lamin B1, and its assembly into the nuclear envelope are regulated by sorting nexin 6 (SNX6), a major component of the retromer that targets proteins and other molecules to specific subcellular locations. SNX6 interacts with lamin A in vitro and in vivo and links it to the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum in human and mouse cells. SNX6 transports its lamin A cargo to the nuclear envelope in a process that takes several hours. Lamin A protein levels in the nucleus augment or decrease, respectively, upon gain or loss of SNX6 function. We further show that SNX6-dependent lamin A nuclear import occurs across the nuclear pore complex via a RAN-GTP-dependent mechanism. These results identify SNX6 as a key regulator of lamin A synthesis and incorporation into the nuclear envelope.
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120
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Transposable element islands facilitate adaptation to novel environments in an invasive species. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5495. [PMID: 25510865 PMCID: PMC4284661 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation requires genetic variation, but founder populations are generally genetically depleted. Here we sequence two populations of an inbred ant that diverge in phenotype to determine how variability is generated. Cardiocondyla obscurior has the smallest of the sequenced ant genomes and its structure suggests a fundamental role of transposable elements (TEs) in adaptive evolution. Accumulations of TEs (TE islands) comprising 7.18% of the genome evolve faster than other regions with regard to single-nucleotide variants, gene/exon duplications and deletions and gene homology. A non-random distribution of gene families, larvae/adult specific gene expression and signs of differential methylation in TE islands indicate intragenomic differences in regulation, evolutionary rates and coalescent effective population size. Our study reveals a tripartite interplay between TEs, life history and adaptation in an invasive species. Genetic variation is key to species evolution. Here the authors sequence two phenotypically distinct populations of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, and find accumulations of transposable elements correlating with genetic variation that may have a role in differentiation, adaptation and speciation.
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121
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Thomas AC, Williams H, Setó-Salvia N, Bacchelli C, Jenkins D, O'Sullivan M, Mengrelis K, Ishida M, Ocaka L, Chanudet E, James C, Lescai F, Anderson G, Morrogh D, Ryten M, Duncan AJ, Pai YJ, Saraiva JM, Ramos F, Farren B, Saunders D, Vernay B, Gissen P, Straatmaan-Iwanowska A, Baas F, Wood NW, Hersheson J, Houlden H, Hurst J, Scott R, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Moore GE, Sousa SB, Stanier P. Mutations in SNX14 cause a distinctive autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:611-21. [PMID: 25439728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy occur together in a large number of genetic conditions and are frequently associated with microcephaly and/or epilepsy. Here we report the identification of causal mutations in Sorting Nexin 14 (SNX14) found in seven affected individuals from three unrelated consanguineous families who presented with recessively inherited moderate-severe intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, early-onset cerebellar atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, and the distinctive association of progressively coarsening facial features, relative macrocephaly, and the absence of seizures. We used homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing to identify a homozygous nonsense mutation and an in-frame multiexon deletion in two families. A homozygous splice site mutation was identified by Sanger sequencing of SNX14 in a third family, selected purely by phenotypic similarity. This discovery confirms that these characteristic features represent a distinct and recognizable syndrome. SNX14 encodes a cellular protein containing Phox (PX) and regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domains. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis predicts that SNX14 is highly coexpressed with genes involved in cellular protein metabolism and vesicle-mediated transport. All three mutations either directly affected the PX domain or diminished SNX14 levels, implicating a loss of normal cellular function. This manifested as increased cytoplasmic vacuolation as observed in cultured fibroblasts. Our findings indicate an essential role for SNX14 in neural development and function, particularly in development and maturation of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Hywel Williams
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Núria Setó-Salvia
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chiara Bacchelli
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mary O'Sullivan
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Louise Ocaka
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Estelle Chanudet
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chela James
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Francesco Lescai
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Deborah Morrogh
- NE Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, London WC1N 3BH, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Duncan
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yun Jin Pai
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jorge M Saraiva
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Ramos
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bernadette Farren
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Dawn Saunders
- Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Bertrand Vernay
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jane Hurst
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Richard Scott
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sérgio B Sousa
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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FAM65B is a membrane-associated protein of hair cell stereocilia required for hearing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9864-8. [PMID: 24958875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401950111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a large consanguineous Turkish kindred with recessive nonsyndromic, prelingual, profound hearing loss, we identified in the gene FAM65B (MIM611410) a splice site mutation (c.102-1G>A) that perfectly cosegregates with the phenotype in the family. The mutation leads to exon skipping and deletion of 52-amino acid residues of a PX membrane localization domain. FAM65B is known to be involved in myotube formation and in regulation of cell adhesion, polarization, and migration. We show that wild-type Fam65b is expressed during embryonic and postnatal development stages in murine cochlea, and that the protein localizes to the plasma membranes of the stereocilia of inner and outer hair cells of the inner ear. The wild-type protein targets the plasma membrane, whereas the mutant protein accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and does not reach the membrane. In zebrafish, knockdown of fam65b leads to significant reduction of numbers of saccular hair cells and neuromasts and to hearing loss. We conclude that FAM65B is a plasma membrane-associated protein of hair cell stereocilia that is essential for hearing.
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123
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Huang HS, Yoon BJ, Brooks S, Bakal R, Berrios J, Larsen RS, Wallace ML, Han JE, Chung EH, Zylka MJ, Philpot BD. Snx14 regulates neuronal excitability, promotes synaptic transmission, and is imprinted in the brain of mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98383. [PMID: 24859318 PMCID: PMC4032282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting describes an epigenetic process through which genes can be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. The monoallelic expression of imprinted genes renders them particularly susceptible to disease causing mutations. A large proportion of imprinted genes are expressed in the brain, but little is known about their functions. Indeed, it has proven difficult to identify cell type-specific imprinted genes due to the heterogeneity of cell types within the brain. Here we used laser capture microdissection of visual cortical neurons and found evidence that sorting nexin 14 (Snx14) is a neuronally imprinted gene in mice. SNX14 protein levels are high in the brain and progressively increase during neuronal development and maturation. Snx14 knockdown reduces intrinsic excitability and severely impairs both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. These data reveal a role for monoallelic Snx14 expression in maintaining normal neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Sung Huang
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bong-June Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sherian Brooks
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Bakal
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Janet Berrios
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Rylan S. Larsen
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Wallace
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Ji Eun Han
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eui Hwan Chung
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Zylka
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin D. Philpot
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Harashima SI, Horiuchi T, Wang Y, Notkins AL, Seino Y, Inagaki N. Sorting nexin 19 regulates the number of dense core vesicles in pancreatic β-cells. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 3:52-61. [PMID: 24843546 PMCID: PMC4014933 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction: Insulinoma‐associated protein 2 (IA‐2) regulates insulin secretion and the number of dense core vesicles (DCV). However, the mechanism of regulation of DCV number by IA‐2 is unknown. We examined the effect of sorting nexin 19 (SNX19), an IA‐2 interacting protein, on insulin secretion and the number of dense core vesicles (DCV). Materials and Methods: Stable SNX19 knockdown (SNX19KD) MIN6, a mouse pancreatic β‐cell line, and stable SNX19‐reintroduced SNX19KD MIN6 were established. Quantification of DCV, and lysosomes was carried out using electron micrographs. The half‐life of DCV was detected by pulse‐chase experiment. Results: Insulin secretion and content were decreased in stable SNX19KD MIN6 cells compared with those in control MIN6 cells. Electron micrographs showed that DCV number in SNX19KD cells was decreased by approximately 75% and that DCV size was decreased by approximately 40% compared with those in control cells, respectively. Furthermore, when SNX19 was reintroduced in SNX19KD cells, insulin content, insulin secretion and DCV number were increased. The half‐life of DCV was decreased in SNX19KD cells, but was increased in SNX19KD cells in which SNX19 was reintroduced. The number of lysosomes and the activity of lysosome enzyme cathepsin D were increased by approximately threefold in SNX19KD cells compared with those in control cells. In contrast, they were decreased to approximately half to one‐third in SNX19‐reintroduced SNX19KD cells. Conclusions: SNX19 regulates the number of DCV and insulin content by stabilizing DCV in β‐cells. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00138.x, 2012)
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Harashima
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Abner Louis Notkins
- Experimental Medicine Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto
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Fine mapping reveals that promotion susceptibility locus 1 (Psl1) is a compound locus with multiple genes that modify susceptibility to skin tumor development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:1071-9. [PMID: 24700353 PMCID: PMC4065250 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.009688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well known that the majority of human cancers occur as the result of exposure to environmental carcinogens, it is clear that not all individuals exposed to a specific environmental carcinogen have the same risk of developing cancer. Considerable evidence indicates that common allelic variants of low-penetrance, tumor susceptibility genes are responsible for this interindividual variation in risk. We previously reported a skin tumor promotion susceptibility locus, Psl1, which maps to the distal portion of chromosome 9, that modified skin tumor promotion susceptibility in the mouse. Furthermore, Psl1 was shown to consist of at least two subloci (i.e., Psl1.1 and Psl1.2) and that glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (Gsta4), which maps to Psl1.2, is a skin tumor promotion susceptibility gene. Finally, variants of human GSTA4 were found to be associated with risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. In the current study, a combination of nested and contiguous C57BL/6 congenic mouse strains, each inheriting a different portion of the Psl1 locus from DBA/2, were tested for susceptibility to skin tumor promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These analyses indicate that Psl1 is a compound locus with at least six genes, including Gsta4, that modify skin tumor promotion susceptibility. More than 550 protein-coding genes map within the Psl1 locus. Fine mapping of the Psl1 locus, along with two-strain haplotype analysis, gene expression analysis, and the identification of genes with amino acid variants, has produced a list of fewer than 25 candidate skin tumor promotion susceptibility genes.
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127
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Sakane H, Horii Y, Nogami S, Kawano Y, Kaneko-Kawano T, Shirataki H. α-Taxilin interacts with sorting nexin 4 and participates in the recycling pathway of transferrin receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93509. [PMID: 24690921 PMCID: PMC3972091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane traffic plays a crucial role in delivering proteins and lipids to their intracellular destinations. We previously identified α-taxilin as a binding partner of the syntaxin family, which is involved in intracellular vesicle traffic. α-Taxilin is overexpressed in tumor tissues and interacts with polymerized tubulin, but the precise function of α-taxilin remains unclear. Receptor proteins on the plasma membrane are internalized, delivered to early endosomes and then either sorted to the lysosome for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. In this study, we found that knockdown of α-taxilin induced the lysosomal degradation of transferrin receptor (TfnR), a well-known receptor which is generally recycled back to the plasma membrane after internalization, and impeded the recycling of transferrin. α-Taxilin was immunoprecipitated with sorting nexin 4 (SNX4), which is involved in the recycling of TfnR. Furthermore, knockdown of α-taxilin decreased the number and length of SNX4-positive tubular structures. We report for the first time that α-taxilin interacts with SNX4 and plays a role in the recycling pathway of TfnR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakane
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukimi Horii
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoru Nogami
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takako Kaneko-Kawano
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shirataki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Schill NJ, Hedman AC, Choi S, Anderson RA. Isoform 5 of PIPKIγ regulates the endosomal trafficking and degradation of E-cadherin. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2189-203. [PMID: 24610942 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.132423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) have distinct cellular targeting, allowing for site-specific synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] to activate specific signaling cascades required for cellular processes. Several C-terminal splice variants of PIPKIγ (also known as PIP5K1C) exist, and have been implicated in a multitude of cellular roles. PI(4,5)P2 serves as a fundamental regulator of E-cadherin transport, and PI(4,5)P2-generating enzymes are important signaling relays in these pathways. We present evidence that the isoform 5 splice variant of PIPKIγ (PIPKIγi5) associates with E-cadherin and promotes its lysosomal degradation. Additionally, we show that the endosomal trafficking proteins SNX5 and SNX6 associate with PIPKIγi5 and inhibit PIPKIγi5-mediated E-cadherin degradation. Following HGF stimulation, activated Src directly phosphorylates PIPKIγi5. Phosphorylation of the PIPKIγi5 C-terminus regulates its association with SNX5 and, consequently, E-cadherin degradation. Additionally, this PIPKIγi5-mediated pathway requires Rab7 to promote degradation of internalized E-cadherin. Taken together, the data indicate that PIPKIγi5 and SNX5 are crucial regulators of E-cadherin sorting and degradation. PIPKIγi5, SNX and phosphoinositide regulation of lysosomal sorting represent a novel area of PI(4,5)P2 signaling and research. PIPKIγi5 regulation of E-cadherin sorting for degradation might have broad implications in development and tissue maintenance, and enhanced PIPKIγi5 function might have pathogenic consequences due to downregulation of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Schill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Hedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- Program in Cellular & Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Tomita O, Iijima K, Ishibashi T, Osumi T, Kobayashi K, Okita H, Saito M, Mori T, Shimizu T, Kiyokawa N. Sensitivity of SNX2-ABL1 toward tyrosine kinase inhibitors distinct from that of BCR-ABL1. Leuk Res 2014; 38:361-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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130
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Petrizzo A, Tagliamonte M, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Prediction of individual immune responsiveness to a candidate vaccine by a systems vaccinology approach. J Transl Med 2014; 12:11. [PMID: 24428943 PMCID: PMC3903560 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that a candidate idiotype vaccine, based on the IGKV3-20 light chain protein, is able to induce activation of circulating antigen presenting cells (APCs) in both HCV-positive and HCV-negative subjects, with production of Th2-type cytokines. In addition, such a candidate idiotype vaccine induces an early gene expression pattern, characterized by the strong induction of an innate immune response, and a late pattern, characterized by a prevalent B cell response. Nonetheless, some HCV-positive individuals showed a complete lack of maturation of circulating APCs with low levels of cytokine production, strongly suggesting the possible identification of selective impairments in immune response in individual subjects. Method Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated ex vivo with IGKV3-20 for 24 h and 6 days. Analysis of the global gene expression profile as well as the cytokine pattern was performed for individual subjects. Results The gene expression profile showed a strong agreement with the cytokine pattern. Indeed, the expression pattern of immune-related genes is highly predictive of the individual immunological phenotype. Conclusion The overall results represent a proof of concept, indicating the efficacy of such an ex vivo screening platform for predicting individual’s responsiveness to an antigen as well as guiding optimization of vaccine design. Larger cohort study will be needed to validate results observed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
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Nayarisseri A, Yadav M, Wishard R. Computational evaluation of new homologous down regulators of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) targeted for tumor reversion. Interdiscip Sci 2014; 5:274-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-013-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bolli N, Avet-Loiseau H, Wedge DC, Van Loo P, Alexandrov LB, Martincorena I, Dawson KJ, Iorio F, Nik-Zainal S, Bignell GR, Hinton JW, Li Y, Tubio JM, McLaren S, O' Meara S, Butler AP, Teague JW, Mudie L, Anderson E, Rashid N, Tai YT, Shammas MA, Sperling AS, Fulciniti M, Richardson PG, Parmigiani G, Magrangeas F, Minvielle S, Moreau P, Attal M, Facon T, Futreal PA, Anderson KC, Campbell PJ, Munshi NC. Heterogeneity of genomic evolution and mutational profiles in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2014; 5:2997. [PMID: 24429703 PMCID: PMC3905727 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a complex and incompletely understood molecular pathogenesis. Here we use whole-exome sequencing, copy-number profiling and cytogenetics to analyse 84 myeloma samples. Most cases have a complex subclonal structure and show clusters of subclonal variants, including subclonal driver mutations. Serial sampling reveals diverse patterns of clonal evolution, including linear evolution, differential clonal response and branching evolution. Diverse processes contribute to the mutational repertoire, including kataegis and somatic hypermutation, and their relative contribution changes over time. We find heterogeneity of mutational spectrum across samples, with few recurrent genes. We identify new candidate genes, including truncations of SP140, LTB, ROBO1 and clustered missense mutations in EGR1. The myeloma genome is heterogeneous across the cohort, and exhibits diversity in clonal admixture and in dynamics of evolution, which may impact prognostic stratification, therapeutic approaches and assessment of disease response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Bolli
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CIMR, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Unité de Génomique du Myélome, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse 31059, France
- CRCT, INSERM U1037, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - David C. Wedge
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kevin J. Dawson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Francesco Iorio
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graham R. Bignell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jonathan W. Hinton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yilong Li
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jose M.C. Tubio
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stuart McLaren
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah O' Meara
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adam P. Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jon W. Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Laura Mudie
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Naim Rashid
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Masood A. Shammas
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Boston Veterans Administration Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts 02132, USA
| | - Adam S. Sperling
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Dana–Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Florence Magrangeas
- Center for Cancer Research Nantes-Angers, UMR 892 Inserm-6299 CNRS-University of Nantes, IRS-UN, Nantes 4407, France
- UMGC, University Hospital, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Stephane Minvielle
- Center for Cancer Research Nantes-Angers, UMR 892 Inserm-6299 CNRS-University of Nantes, IRS-UN, Nantes 4407, France
- UMGC, University Hospital, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Michel Attal
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital and CRCT, INSERM U1037, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Thierry Facon
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Lille 59045, France
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Present address: MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CIMR, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Boston Veterans Administration Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts 02132, USA
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Nishimura Y, Takiguchi S, Ito S, Itoh K. Evidence that depletion of the sorting nexin 1 by siRNA promotes HGF-induced MET endocytosis and MET phosphorylation in a gefitinib-resistant human lung cancer cell line. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:412-26. [PMID: 24297483 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET and its ligand HGF are known to be overexpressed in malignant tumor cells, and they have been implicated in gefitinib resistance in lung cancer cells. We recently found that sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), a protein that interacts with EGFR, exhibited negative regulation of EGFR trafficking out of early to late endosomes in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines. To investigate the role of SNX1 on HGF-stimulated MET endocytosis and its downregulation via the early/late endocytic pathway, we examined the effect of depletion of SNX1 expression by siRNA in NSCLC cells. Using immunofluorescence, we found that the silencing of SNX1 by siRNA caused a dramatic change in the intracellular distribution of plasma membrane-associated MET and that the resultant MET staining was spread throughout the cytoplasm, and it co-localized well with the endocytosed Texas red-labeled transferrin in the siRNA-SNX1-transfected cells. We also found efficient MET phosphorylation and rapid endocytic delivery of phosphorylated MET from early endosomes to late endosomes in the siRNA-SNX1-transfected cells. By contrast, the siRNA-control transfected cells showed inefficient endocytic delivery of phosphorylated MET from early endosomes to late endosomes. Furthermore, large amounts of phosphorylated MET that had accumulated in late endosomes were seen even after 60 min of HGF-stimulation in the presence of bafilomycin A1, indicating that degradation of phosphorylated MET proceeds in a late endosome/lysosome pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that depletion of SNX1 by siRNA induced a maximal and dramatic increase in phosphorylated MET at 60 min, followed by an accelerated degradation of phosphorylated MET after HGF stimulation in the cells. Taken together, we suggest that SNX1 plays a suppressive role in the regulation of HGF-stimulated MET/phosphorylated MET endocytosis and downregulation via the early/late endocytic pathway in the gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Nishimura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Soichi Takiguchi
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ito
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Itoh
- Department of Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
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Fukaya M, Fukushima D, Hara Y, Sakagami H. EFA6A, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6, interacts with sorting nexin-1 and regulates neurite outgrowth. J Neurochem 2013; 129:21-36. [PMID: 24261326 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling mediated by ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) are functionally linked to various neuronal processes including neurite formation and maintenance, neurotransmitter release, and receptor internalization. EFA6A is an Arf6-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is abundantly expressed in the brain. In this study, we identified sorting nexin-1 (SNX1), a retromer component that is implicated in endosomal sorting and trafficking, as a novel interacting partner for EFA6A by yeast two-hybrid screening. The interaction was mediated by the C-terminal region of EFA6A and a BAR domain of SNX1, and further confirmed by pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation from mouse brain lysates. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated the widespread expression of SNX1 in the mouse brain, which overlapped with the expression of EFA6A in the forebrain. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed the partial colocalization of EFA6A and SNX1 in the dendritic fields of the hippocampus. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed the overlapping subcellular localization of EFA6A and SNX1 at the post-synaptic density and endosomes in dendritic spines. In Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells, expression of either EFA6A or SNX1 induced neurite outgrowth, which was further enhanced by co-expression of EFA6A and SNX1. The present findings suggest a novel mechanism by which EFA6A regulates Arf6-mediated neurite formation through the interaction with SNX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Sorting nexin 24 genetic variation associates with coronary artery aneurysm severity in Kawasaki disease patients. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:44. [PMID: 24268062 PMCID: PMC4176999 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The sorting nexin (SNX) family is involved in endocytosis and protein trafficking and plays multiple roles in various diseases. The role of SNX proteins in Kawasaki disease (KD) is not known. We attempted to test whether genetic SNX variation associates with the risk of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) formation in KD. Methods and results Chi-square tests were used to identify SNX24 genetic variants associated with KD susceptibility and CAA formation in KD; models were adjusted for fever duration and time of first administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. We obtained clinical characteristics and genotypes from KD patients (76 with CAA and 186 without CAA) in a population-based retrospective KD cohort study (n = 262). Clinical and genetic factors were associated with CAA formation in KD. In addition, endothelial cell inflammation was evaluated. Significant correlation was observed between KD with CAA complications and the rs28891 single-nucleotide polymorphism in SNX24. Patients with CC + CT genotypes had lesser CAA complications. In lipopolysaccharide-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, siRNA knockdown of SNX24 significantly decreased gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Conclusions Polymorphisms in SNX24 may be used as genetic markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CAA formation in KD.
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Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) associates with zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) and modulates the epithelial tight junction. Biochem J 2013; 455:95-106. [PMID: 23826934 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the SNX (sorting nexin) superfamily are characterized by the presence of a PX (Phox homology) domain and associate with PtdIns3P (phosphatidylinositol-3-monophosphate)-rich regions of the endosomal system. SNX27 is the only sorting nexin that contains a PDZ domain. In the present study, we used a proteomic approach to identify a novel interaction between SNX27 and ZO-2 [zonula occludens-2; also known as TJP2 (tight junction protein 2)], a component of the epithelial tight junction. The SNX27-ZO-2 interaction requires the PDZ domain of SNX27 and the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of ZO-2. When tight junctions were perturbed by chelation of extracellular Ca2+, ZO-2 transiently localized to SNX27-positive early endosomes. Depletion of SNX27 in mpkCCD (mouse primary kidney cortical collecting duct) cell monolayers resulted in a decrease in the rate of ZO-2, but not ZO-1, mobility at cell-cell contact regions after photobleaching and an increase in junctional permeability to large solutes. The findings of the present study identify an important new SNX27-binding partner and suggest a role for endocytic pathways in the intracellular trafficking of ZO-2 and possibly other tight junction proteins. Our results also indicate a role for SNX27-ZO-2 interactions in tight junction maintenance and function.
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Sobacchi C, Schulz A, Coxon FP, Villa A, Helfrich MH. Osteopetrosis: genetics, treatment and new insights into osteoclast function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013; 9:522-36. [PMID: 23877423 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a genetic condition of increased bone mass, which is caused by defects in osteoclast formation and function. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms exist, but this Review focuses on autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), also known as malignant infantile osteopetrosis. The genetic basis of this disease is now largely uncovered: mutations in TCIRG1, CLCN7, OSTM1, SNX10 and PLEKHM1 lead to osteoclast-rich ARO (in which osteoclasts are abundant but have severely impaired resorptive function), whereas mutations in TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11A lead to osteoclast-poor ARO. In osteoclast-rich ARO, impaired endosomal and lysosomal vesicle trafficking results in defective osteoclast ruffled-border formation and, hence, the inability to resorb bone and mineralized cartilage. ARO presents soon after birth and can be fatal if left untreated. However, the disease is heterogeneous in clinical presentation and often misdiagnosed. This article describes the genetics of ARO and discusses the diagnostic role of next-generation sequencing methods. The management of affected patients, including guidelines for the indication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (which can provide a cure for many types of ARO), are outlined. Finally, novel treatments, including preclinical data on in utero stem cell treatment, RANKL replacement therapy and denosumab therapy for hypercalcaemia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sobacchi
- Unit Of Support/Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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Solis GP, Hülsbusch N, Radon Y, Katanaev VL, Plattner H, Stuermer CAO. Reggies/flotillins interact with Rab11a and SNX4 at the tubulovesicular recycling compartment and function in transferrin receptor and E-cadherin trafficking. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2689-702. [PMID: 23825023 PMCID: PMC3756921 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-12-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study reggie-1/flotillin-2 is identified as a component of the tubulovesicular sorting and recycling compartment, where it interacts with and controls the activity of Rab11a and SNX4. Evidence is given that reggie-1 expression is necessary for the proper recycling of transferrin receptor and E-cadherin in HeLa and A431 cells, respectively. The lipid raft proteins reggie-1 and -2 (flotillins) are implicated in membrane protein trafficking but exactly how has been elusive. We find that reggie-1 and -2 associate with the Rab11a, SNX4, and EHD1–decorated tubulovesicular recycling compartment in HeLa cells and that reggie-1 directly interacts with Rab11a and SNX4. Short hairpin RNA–mediated down-regulation of reggie-1 (and -2) in HeLa cells reduces association of Rab11a with tubular structures and impairs recycling of the transferrin–transferrin receptor (TfR) complex to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of constitutively active Rab11a rescues TfR recycling in reggie-deficient HeLa cells. Similarly, in a Ca2+ switch assay in reggie-depleted A431 cells, internalized E-cadherin is not efficiently recycled to the plasma membrane upon Ca2+ repletion. E-cadherin recycling is rescued, however, by overexpression of constitutively active Rab11a or SNX4 in reggie-deficient A431 cells. This suggests that the function of reggie-1 in sorting and recycling occurs in association with Rab11a and SNX4. Of interest, impaired recycling in reggie-deficient cells leads to de novo E-cadherin biosynthesis and cell contact reformation, showing that cells have ways to compensate the loss of reggies. Together our results identify reggie-1 as a regulator of the Rab11a/SNX4-controlled sorting and recycling pathway, which is, like reggies, evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo P Solis
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
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Chua RYR, Wong SH. SNX3 recruits to phagosomes and negatively regulates phagocytosis in dendritic cells. Immunology 2013; 139:30-47. [PMID: 23237080 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes such as dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages employ phagocytosis to take up pathogenic bacteria into phagosomes, digest the bacteria and present the bacteria-derived peptide antigens to the adaptive immunity. Hence, efficient antigen presentation depends greatly on a well-regulated phagocytosis process. Lipids, particularly phosphoinositides, are critical components of the phagosomes. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3 ] is formed at the phagocytic cup, and as the phagosome seals off from the plasma membrane, rapid disappearance of PI(3,4,5)P3 is accompanied by high levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) formation. The sorting nexin (SNX) family consists of a diverse group of Phox-homology (PX) domain-containing cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins that are potential effectors of phosphoinositides. We hypothesized that SNX3, a small sorting nexin that contains a single PI3P lipid-binding PX domain as its only protein domain, localizes to phagosomes and regulates phagocytosis in DC. Our results show that SNX3 recruits to nascent phagosomes and silencing of SNX3 enhances phagocytic uptake of bacteria by DC. Furthermore, SNX3 competes with PI3P lipid-binding protein, early endosome antigen-1 (EEA1) recruiting to membranes. Our results indicate that SNX3 negatively regulates phagocytosis in DC possibly by modulating recruitment of essential PI3P lipid-binding proteins of the phagocytic pathways, such as EEA1, to phagosomal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yuan Ray Chua
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking and Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Farfán P, Lee J, Larios J, Sotelo P, Bu G, Marzolo MP. A sorting nexin 17-binding domain within the LRP1 cytoplasmic tail mediates receptor recycling through the basolateral sorting endosome. Traffic 2013; 14:823-38. [PMID: 23593972 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) is an adaptor protein present in early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1)-positive sorting endosomes that promotes the efficient recycling of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) to the plasma membrane through recognition of the first NPxY motif in the cytoplasmic tail of this receptor. The interaction of LRP1 with SNX17 also regulates the basolateral recycling of the receptor from the basolateral sorting endosome (BSE). In contrast, megalin, which is apically distributed in polarized epithelial cells and localizes poorly to EEA1-positive sorting endosomes, does not interact with SNX17, despite containing three NPxY motifs, indicating that this motif is not sufficient for receptor recognition by SNX17. Here, we identified a cluster of 32 amino acids within the cytoplasmic domain of LRP1 that is both necessary and sufficient for SNX17 binding. To delineate the function of this SNX17-binding domain, we generated chimeric proteins in which the SNX17-binding domain was inserted into the cytoplasmic tail of megalin. This insertion mediated the binding of megalin to SNX17 and modified the cell surface expression and recycling of megalin in non-polarized cells. However, the polarized localization of chimeric megalin was not modified in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. These results provide evidence regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the specificity of SNX17-binding receptors and the restricted function of SNX17 in the BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Farfán
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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Pangrazio A, Fasth A, Sbardellati A, Orchard PJ, Kasow KA, Raza J, Albayrak C, Albayrak D, Vanakker OM, De Moerloose B, Vellodi A, Notarangelo LD, Schlack C, Strauss G, Kühl JS, Caldana E, Lo Iacono N, Susani L, Kornak U, Schulz A, Vezzoni P, Villa A, Sobacchi C. SNX10 mutations define a subgroup of human autosomal recessive osteopetrosis with variable clinical severity. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1041-9. [PMID: 23280965 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis (ARO) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by reduced bone resorption by osteoclasts. In 2000, we found that mutations in the TCIRG1 gene encoding for a subunit of the proton pump (V-ATPase) are responsible for more than one-half of ARO cases. Since then, five additional genes have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, leaving approximately 25% of cases that could not be associated with a genotype. Very recently, a mutation in the sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) gene, whose product is suggested to interact with the proton pump, has been found in 3 consanguineous families of Palestinian origin, thus adding a new candidate gene in patients not previously classified. Here we report the identification of 9 novel mutations in this gene in 14 ARO patients from 12 unrelated families of different geographic origin. Interestingly, we define the molecular defect in three cases of "Västerbottenian osteopetrosis," named for the Swedish Province where a higher incidence of the disease has been reported. In our cohort of more than 310 patients from all over the world, SNX10-dependent ARO constitutes 4% of the cases, with a frequency comparable to the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1 (OSTM1)-dependent subsets. Although the clinical presentation is relatively variable in severity, bone seems to be the only affected tissue and the defect can be almost completely rescued by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). These results confirm the involvement of the SNX10 gene in human ARO and identify a new subset with a relatively favorable prognosis as compared to TCIRG1-dependent cases. Further analyses will help to better understand the role of SNX10 in osteoclast physiology and verify whether this protein might be considered a new target for selective antiresorptive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pangrazio
- Unità Organizzativa di Supporto/Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Milan Unit, CNR, Milano, Italy
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143
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Ogi S, Fujita H, Kashihara M, Yamamoto C, Sonoda K, Okamoto I, Nakagawa K, Ohdo S, Tanaka Y, Kuwano M, Ono M. Sorting nexin 2-mediated membrane trafficking of c-Met contributes to sensitivity of molecular-targeted drugs. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:573-83. [PMID: 23360489 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sorting nexin (SNX) family is a diverse group of cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins that are involved in membrane-trafficking steps within the endocytotic network. SNX1 and SNX2 are components of the mammalian retromer complex and they also play critical roles in the membrane trafficking of growth factor receptors including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Met. The human lung cancer cell lines, which harbor activating mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR gene, are sensitive to EGFR-targeted drugs gefitinib or erlotinib. However, a lung cancer cell line harboring gene amplification of c-Met is sensitive to the c-Met-targeted drug SU11274 but not to EGFR-targeted drugs. C-Met overexpression is identified as one of the bypass mechanisms for acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted drugs. Here we show that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of SNX2 decreases the cell-surface localization of c-Met, but not that of EGFR, resulting in lysosomal degradation of the c-Met protein. SNX2 specifically interacts with c-Met and treatment with lysosomal inhibitors almost completely annihilates downregulation of c-Met protein by SNX2 knockdown. Therefore, silencing of SNX2 markedly alters sensitivity to anticancer drugs targeted to c-Met (SU11274) and EGFR (gefitinib and erlotinib) through promotion of compensatory activation of the EGFR pathway in lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that development of drugs targeting SNX2 could be useful in overcoming drug resistance to EGFR-targeted drugs in lung cancer cells harboring c-Met gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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144
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Kwon MG, Kim JW, Park MA, Hwang JY, Choi HS, Kim MC, Park DW, Jung JM, Park CI. Microarray analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood leucocytes from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) after stimulation by LPS, ConA/PMA, and poly I:C. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-012-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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145
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Lemnitzer F, Raschbichler V, Kolodziejczak D, Israel L, Imhof A, Bailer SM, Koszinowski U, Ruzsics Z. Mouse cytomegalovirus egress protein pM50 interacts with cellular endophilin-A2. Cell Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23189961 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The herpesvirus replication cycle comprises maturation processes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells. After their nuclear assembly viral capsids translocate via primary envelopment towards the cytoplasm. This event is mediated by the nuclear envelopment complex, which is composed by two conserved viral proteins belonging to the UL34 and UL31 protein families. Here, we generated recombinant viruses, which express affinity-tagged pM50 and/or pM53, the pUL34 and pUL31 homologues of the murine cytomegalovirus. We extracted pM50- and pM53-associated protein complexes from infected cells and analysed their composition after affinity purification by mass spectrometry. We observed reported interaction partners and identified new putative protein-protein interactions for both proteins. Endophilin-A2 was observed as the most prominent cellular partner of pM50. We found that endophilin-A2 binds to pM50 directly, and this interaction seems to be conserved in the pUL34 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lemnitzer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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146
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Xu QW, Zhao W, Wang Y, Sartor MA, Han DM, Deng J, Ponnala R, Yang JY, Zhang QY, Liao GQ, Qu YM, Li L, Liu FF, Zhao HM, Yin YH, Chen WF, Zhang Y, Wang XS. An integrated genome-wide approach to discover tumor-specific antigens as potential immunologic and clinical targets in cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6351-61. [PMID: 23135912 PMCID: PMC3525759 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are central elements in the immune control of cancers. To systematically explore the TSA genome, we developed a computational technology called heterogeneous expression profile analysis (HEPA), which can identify genes relatively uniquely expressed in cancer cells in contrast to normal somatic tissues. Rating human genes by their HEPA score enriched for clinically useful TSA genes, nominating candidate targets whose tumor-specific expression was verified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Coupled with HEPA, we designed a novel assay termed protein A/G-based reverse serological evaluation (PARSE) for quick detection of serum autoantibodies against an array of putative TSA genes. Remarkably, highly tumor-specific autoantibody responses against seven candidate targets were detected in 4% to 11% of patients, resulting in distinctive autoantibody signatures in lung and stomach cancers. Interrogation of a larger cohort of 149 patients and 123 healthy individuals validated the predictive value of the autoantibody signature for lung cancer. Together, our results establish an integrated technology to uncover a cancer-specific antigen genome offering a reservoir of novel immunologic and clinical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Xu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Han
- Department of Hematology, PLA Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Jixin Deng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Rakesh Ponnala
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiang-Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Liao
- Department of Oncology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Mei Qu
- Department of Oncology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hui Yin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
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147
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von Zastrow M, Williams JT. Modulating neuromodulation by receptor membrane traffic in the endocytic pathway. Neuron 2012; 76:22-32. [PMID: 23040804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responsiveness to many neuromodulators is controlled by endocytosis of the transmembrane receptors that transduce their effects. Endocytic membrane trafficking of particular neuromodulator receptors exhibits remarkable diversity and specificity, determined largely by molecular sorting operations that guide receptors at trafficking branchpoints after endocytosis. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in elucidating mechanisms mediating the molecular sorting of neuromodulator receptors in the endocytic pathway. There is emerging evidence that endocytic trafficking of neuromodulator receptors, in addition to influencing longer-term cellular responsiveness under conditions of prolonged or repeated activation, may also affect the acute response. Physiological and pathological consequences of defined receptor trafficking events are only now being elucidated, but it is already apparent that endocytosis of neuromodulator receptors has a significant impact on the actions of therapeutic drugs. The present data also suggest, conversely, that mechanisms of receptor endocytosis and molecular sorting may themselves represent promising targets for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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148
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Villar VAM, Jones JE, Armando I, Asico LD, Escano CS, Lee H, Wang X, Yang Y, Pascua-Crusan AM, Palmes-Saloma CP, Felder RA, Jose PA. Sorting nexin 1 loss results in D5 dopamine receptor dysfunction in human renal proximal tubule cells and hypertension in mice. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:152-63. [PMID: 23152498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation through its actions on renal hemodynamics and epithelial ion transport. The dopamine D5 receptor (D(5)R) interacts with sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), a protein involved in receptor retrieval from the trans-Golgi network. In this report, we elucidated the spatial, temporal, and functional significance of this interaction in human renal proximal tubule cells and HEK293 cells stably expressing human D(5)R and in mice. Silencing of SNX1 expression via RNAi resulted in the failure of D(5)R to internalize and bind GTP, blunting of the agonist-induced increase in cAMP production and decrease in sodium transport, and up-regulation of angiotensin II receptor expression, of which expression was previously shown to be negatively regulated by D(5)R. Moreover, siRNA-mediated depletion of renal SNX1 in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice resulted in increased blood pressure and blunted natriuretic response to agonist in salt-loaded BALB/cJ mice. These data demonstrate a crucial role for SNX1 in D(5)R trafficking and that SNX1 depletion results in D(5)R dysfunction and thus may represent a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anthony M Villar
- Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010, USA.
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149
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de Kreuk BJ, Anthony EC, Geerts D, Hordijk PL. The F-BAR protein PACSIN2 regulates epidermal growth factor receptor internalization. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43438-53. [PMID: 23129763 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.391078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling via growth factor receptors, including the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, is key to various cellular processes, such as proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration. In a variety of human diseases such as cancer, aberrant expression and activation of growth factor receptors can lead to disturbed signaling. Intracellular trafficking is crucial for proper signaling of growth factor receptors. As a result, the level of cell surface expression of growth factor receptors is an important determinant for the outcome of downstream signaling. BAR domain-containing proteins represent an important family of proteins that regulate membrane dynamics. In this study, we identify a novel role for the F-BAR protein PACSIN2 in the regulation of EGF receptor signaling. We show that internalized EGF as well as the (activated) EGF receptor translocated to PACSIN2-positive endosomes. Furthermore, loss of PACSIN2 increased plasma membrane expression of the EGF receptor in resting cells and increased EGF-induced phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. As a consequence, EGF-induced activation of Erk and Akt as well as cell proliferation were enhanced in PACSIN2-depleted cells. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel role for the F-BAR-domain protein PACSIN2 in regulating EGF receptor surface levels and EGF-induced downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart-Jan de Kreuk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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150
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Mégarbané A, Pangrazio A, Villa A, Chouery E, Maarawi J, Sabbagh S, Lefranc G, Sobacchi C. Homozygous stop mutation in the SNX10 gene in a consanguineous Iraqi boy with osteopetrosis and corpus callosum hypoplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 56:32-5. [PMID: 23123320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently a mutation in the SNX10 gene that belongs to the sorting nexin family was identified as a cause of a new subset of human autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. Here, we identified a novel homozygous mutation (c.46C > T, p.Arg16X) in SNX10, in an Iraqi boy from a consanguineous family with a history of infantile osteopetrosis. The proband exhibited macrocephaly, prominent forehead, proptosis of the eyes, strabismus, splenomegaly and joint hyperlaxity. Bone X-rays showed increased bone density, metaphyseal under-modelling, transverse alternating bands of greater and lesser density in tubular bones, anteriorly notched vertebral bodies and bone-in-bone appearance. Brain atrophy, external hydrocephalus and thin corpus callosum were noted at the brain MRI and CT scan. Blood test results revealed the presence of anaemia and leukopenia. Our findings confirm the role of SNX10 in autosomal recessive osteopetrosis and help to better define the core set of manifestations associated with this new pathological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mégarbané
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et laboratoire associé INSERM à l'Unité UMR_S 910, Pôle Technologie Santé, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
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