101
|
Powell SK, O'Shea C, Townsley K, Prytkova I, Dobrindt K, Elahi R, Iskhakova M, Lambert T, Valada A, Liao W, Ho SM, Slesinger PA, Huckins LM, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Induction of dopaminergic neurons for neuronal subtype-specific modeling of psychiatric disease risk. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1970-1982. [PMID: 34493831 PMCID: PMC8898985 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons are critical to movement, mood, addiction, and stress. Current techniques for generating dopaminergic neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) yield heterogenous cell populations with variable purity and inconsistent reproducibility between donors, hiPSC clones, and experiments. Here, we report the rapid (5 weeks) and efficient (~90%) induction of induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) through transient overexpression of lineage-promoting transcription factors combined with stringent selection across five donors. We observe maturation-dependent increase in dopamine synthesis and electrophysiological properties consistent with midbrain dopaminergic neuron identity, such as slow-rising after- hyperpolarization potentials, an action potential duration of ~3 ms, tonic sub-threshold oscillatory activity, and spontaneous burst firing at a frequency of ~1.0-1.75 Hz. Transcriptome analysis reveals robust expression of genes involved in fetal midbrain dopaminergic neuron identity. Specifically expressed genes in iDANs, as well as those from isogenic induced GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, were enriched in loci conferring heritability for cannabis use disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder; however, each neuronal subtype demonstrated subtype-specific heritability enrichments in biologically relevant pathways, and iDANs alone were uniquely enriched in autism spectrum disorder risk loci. Therefore, iDANs provide a critical tool for modeling midbrain dopaminergic neuron development and dysfunction in psychiatric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Powell
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Callan O'Shea
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kayla Townsley
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iya Prytkova
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristina Dobrindt
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rahat Elahi
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Iskhakova
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tova Lambert
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditi Valada
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will Liao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seok-Man Ho
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Mundrucz L, Kecskés A, Henn-Mike N, Kóbor P, Buzás P, Vennekens R, Kecskés M. TRPM4 regulates hilar mossy cell loss in temporal lobe epilepsy. BMC Biol 2023; 21:96. [PMID: 37101159 PMCID: PMC10134545 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mossy cells comprise a large fraction of excitatory neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and their loss is one of the major hallmarks of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The vulnerability of mossy cells in TLE is well known in animal models as well as in patients; however, the mechanisms leading to cellular death is unclear. RESULTS Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a Ca2+-activated non-selective cation channel regulating diverse physiological functions of excitable cells. Here, we identified that TRPM4 is present in hilar mossy cells and regulates their intrinsic electrophysiological properties including spontaneous activity and action potential dynamics. Furthermore, we showed that TRPM4 contributes to mossy cells death following status epilepticus and therefore modulates seizure susceptibility and epilepsy-related memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for the role of TRPM4 in MC excitability both in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mundrucz
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Nóra Henn-Mike
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Kóbor
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Buzás
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, 3000, Belgium
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Mazzeo F, Meccariello R, Guatteo E. Molecular and Epigenetic Aspects of Opioid Receptors in Drug Addiction and Pain Management in Sport. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097831. [PMID: 37175536 PMCID: PMC10178540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are substances derived from opium (natural opioids). In its raw state, opium is a gummy latex extracted from Papaver somniferum. The use of opioids and their negative health consequences among people who use drugs have been studied. Today, opioids are still the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but their use and abuse causes detrimental side effects for health, including addiction, thus impacting the user's quality of life and causing overdose. The mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry represents the brain circuit mediating both natural rewards and the rewarding aspects of nearly all drugs of abuse, including opioids. Hence, understanding how opioids affect the function of dopaminergic circuitry may be useful for better knowledge of the process and to develop effective therapeutic strategies in addiction. The aim of this review was to summarize the main features of opioids and opioid receptors and focus on the molecular and upcoming epigenetic mechanisms leading to opioid addiction. Since synthetic opioids can be effective for pain management, their ability to induce addiction in athletes, with the risk of incurring doping, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mazzeo
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sports Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Maassen J, Guenther R, Hondrich TJJ, Cepkenovic B, Brinkmann D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Dittrich B, Müller A, Skazik-Voogt C, Kosel M, Baum C, Gutermuth A. In Vitro Simulated Neuronal Environmental Conditions Qualify Umbilical Cord Derived Highly Potent Stem Cells for Neuronal Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10538-w. [PMID: 37093520 PMCID: PMC10390376 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The healing of neuronal injuries is still an unachieved goal. Medicine-based therapies can only extend the survival of patients, but not finally lead to a healing process. Currently, a variety of stem cell-based tissue engineering developments are the subject of many research projects to bridge this gap. As yet, neuronal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), embryonic cell lines, or neuronal stem cells could be accomplished and produce functional neuronally differentiated cells. However, clinical application of cells from these sources is hampered by ethical considerations. To overcome these hurdles numerous studies investigated the potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potential stem cell source. Adult MSCs have been approved as cellular therapeutical products due to their regenerative potential and immunomodulatory properties. Only a few of these studies could demonstrate the capacity to differentiate MSCs into active firing neuron like cells. With this study we investigated the potential of Wharton's Jelly (WJ) derived stem cells and focused on the intrinsic pluripotent stem cell pool and their potential to differentiate into active neurons. With a comprehensive neuronal differentiation protocol comprised of mechanical and biochemical inductive cues, we investigated the capacity of spontaneously forming stem cell spheroids (SCS) from cultured WJ stromal cells in regard to their neuronal differentiation potential and compared them to undifferentiated spheroids or adherent MSCs. Spontaneously formed SCSs show pluripotent and neuroectodermal lineage markers, meeting the pre-condition for neuronal differentiation and contain a higher amount of cells which can be differentiated into cells whose functional phenotypes in calcium and voltage responsive electrical activity are similar to neurons. In conclusion we show that up-concentration of stem cells from WJ with pluripotent characteristics is a tool to generate neuronal cell replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Maassen
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Guenther
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timm J J Hondrich
- Institute for Biological Information Processing, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo Brandtstrasse Station 71, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bogdana Cepkenovic
- Institute for Biological Information Processing, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo Brandtstrasse Station 71, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Brinkmann
- Institute for Biological Information Processing, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo Brandtstrasse Station 71, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute for Biological Information Processing, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo Brandtstrasse Station 71, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute for Biological Information Processing, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo Brandtstrasse Station 71, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Barbara Dittrich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Müller
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Skazik-Voogt
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kosel
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Baum
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Gutermuth
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Losero E, Jagannath S, Pezzoli M, Goblot V, Babashah H, Lashuel HA, Galland C, Quack N. Neuronal growth on high-aspect-ratio diamond nanopillar arrays for biosensing applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5909. [PMID: 37041255 PMCID: PMC10090193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring neuronal activity with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution in living cell cultures is crucial to advance understanding of the development and functioning of our brain, and to gain further insights in the origin of brain disorders. While it has been demonstrated that the quantum sensing capabilities of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond allow real time detection of action potentials from large neurons in marine invertebrates, quantum monitoring of mammalian neurons (presenting much smaller dimensions and thus producing much lower signal and requiring higher spatial resolution) has hitherto remained elusive. In this context, diamond nanostructuring can offer the opportunity to boost the diamond platform sensitivity to the required level. However, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of a nanostructured diamond surface on the neuronal viability and growth was lacking. Here, we pattern a single crystal diamond surface with large-scale nanopillar arrays and we successfully demonstrate growth of a network of living and functional primary mouse hippocampal neurons on it. Our study on geometrical parameters reveals preferential growth along the nanopillar grid axes with excellent physical contact between cell membrane and nanopillar apex. Our results suggest that neuron growth can be tailored on diamond nanopillars to realize a nanophotonic quantum sensing platform for wide-field and label-free neuronal activity recording with sub-cellular resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Losero
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division of Quantum Metrology and Nanotechnologies, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.
- School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Pezzoli
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Goblot
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hossein Babashah
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Galland
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niels Quack
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Scalmani P, Paterra R, Mantegazza M, Avoli M, de Curtis M. Involvement of GABAergic Interneuron Subtypes in 4-Aminopyridine-Induced Seizure-Like Events in Mouse Entorhinal Cortex in Vitro. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1987-2001. [PMID: 36810229 PMCID: PMC10027059 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1190-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-unit recordings performed in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and in models of temporal lobe seizures have shown that interneurons are active at focal seizure onset. We performed simultaneous patch-clamp and field potential recordings in entorhinal cortex slices of GAD65 and GAD67 C57BL/6J male mice that express green fluorescent protein in GABAergic neurons to analyze the activity of specific interneuron (IN) subpopulations during acute seizure-like events (SLEs) induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 100 μm). IN subtypes were identified as parvalbuminergic (INPV, n = 17), cholecystokinergic (INCCK), n = 13], and somatostatinergic (INSOM, n = 15), according to neurophysiological features and single-cell digital PCR. INPV and INCCK discharged at the start of 4-AP-induced SLEs characterized by either low-voltage fast or hyper-synchronous onset pattern. In both SLE onset types, INSOM fired earliest before SLEs, followed by INPV and INCCK discharges. Pyramidal neurons became active with variable delays after SLE onset. Depolarizing block was observed in ∼50% of cells in each INs subgroup, and it was longer in IN (∼4 s) than in pyramidal neurons (<1 s). As SLE evolved, all IN subtypes generated action potential bursts synchronous with the field potential events leading to SLE termination. High-frequency firing throughout the SLE occurred in one-third of INPV and INSOM We conclude that entorhinal cortex INs are very active at the onset and during the progression of SLEs induced by 4-AP. These results support earlier in vivo and in vivo evidence and suggest that INs have a preferential role in focal seizure initiation and development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Focal seizures are believed to result from enhanced excitation. Nevertheless, we and others demonstrated that cortical GABAergic networks may initiate focal seizures. Here, we analyzed for the first time the role of different IN subtypes in seizures generated by 4-aminopyridine in the mouse entorhinal cortex slices. We found that in this in vitro focal seizure model, all IN types contribute to seizure initiation and that INs precede firing of principal cells. This evidence is in agreement with the active role of GABAergic networks in seizure generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Laboratoire d'Excellence/Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique, 06650 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06650 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Chen H, Li H, Ma T, Han S, Zhao Q. Biological function simulation in neuromorphic devices: from synapse and neuron to behavior. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2183712. [PMID: 36926202 PMCID: PMC10013381 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the boom of data storage and processing, brain-inspired computing provides an effective approach to solve the current problem. Various emerging materials and devices have been reported to promote the development of neuromorphic computing. Thereinto, the neuromorphic device represented by memristor has attracted extensive research due to its outstanding property to emulate the brain's functions from synaptic plasticity, sensory-memory neurons to some intelligent behaviors of living creatures. Herein, we mainly review the progress of these brain functions mimicked by neuromorphic devices, concentrating on synapse (i.e. various synaptic plasticity trigger by electricity and/or light), neurons (including the various sensory nervous system) and intelligent behaviors (such as conditioned reflex represented by Pavlov's dog experiment). Finally, some challenges and prospects related to neuromorphic devices are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Ting Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Zhao
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Fu T, Fu S, Yao J. Recent progress in bio-voltage memristors working with ultralow voltage of biological amplitude. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4669-4681. [PMID: 36779566 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06773k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic systems built from memristors that emulate bioelectrical information processing in the brain may overcome the limitations of traditional computing architectures. However, functional emulation alone may still not attain all the merits of bio-computation, which uses action potentials of 50-120 mV at least 10 times lower than signal amplitude in conventional electronics to achieve extraordinary power efficiency and effective functional integration. Reducing the functional voltage in memristors to this biological amplitude can thus advance neuromorphic engineering and bio-emulated integration. This review aims to provide a timely update on the effort and progress in this burgeoning research direction, covering the aspects of device material composition, performance, working mechanism, and potential application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianda Fu
- Department of Electrical Computer and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Shuai Fu
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Electrical Computer and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Velle KB, Garner RM, Beckford TK, Weeda M, Liu C, Kennard AS, Edwards M, Fritz-Laylin LK. A conserved pressure-driven mechanism for regulating cytosolic osmolarity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.529730. [PMID: 36909496 PMCID: PMC10002747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.529730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling intracellular osmolarity is essential to all cellular life. Cells that live in hypo-osmotic environments like freshwater must constantly battle water influx to avoid swelling until they burst. Many eukaryotic cells use contractile vacuoles to collect excess water from the cytosol and pump it out of the cell. Although contractile vacuoles are essential to many species, including important pathogens, the mechanisms that control their dynamics remain unclear. To identify basic principles governing contractile vacuole function, we here investigate the molecular mechanisms of two species with distinct vacuolar morphologies from different eukaryotic lineagesâ€"the discoban Naegleria gruberi , and the amoebozoan slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum . Using quantitative cell biology we find that, although these species respond differently to osmotic challenges, they both use actin for osmoregulation, as well as vacuolar-type proton pumps for filling contractile vacuoles. We also use analytical modeling to show that cytoplasmic pressure is sufficient to drive water out of contractile vacuoles in these species, similar to findings from the alveolate Paramecium multimicronucleatum . Because these three lineages diverged well over a billion years ago, we propose that this represents an ancient eukaryotic mechanism of osmoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B. Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Rikki M. Garner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Chunzi Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andrew S. Kennard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Marc Edwards
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Woodward E, Rangel-Barajas C, Ringland A, Logrip ML, Coutellier L. Sex-Specific Timelines for Adaptations of Prefrontal Parvalbumin Neurons in Response to Stress and Changes in Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0300-22.2023. [PMID: 36808099 PMCID: PMC9997696 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0300-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are twice as likely as men to experience emotional dysregulation after stress, resulting in substantially higher psychopathology for equivalent lifetime stress exposure, yet the mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain unknown. Studies suggest changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity as a potential contributor. Whether maladaptive changes in inhibitory interneurons participate in this process, and whether adaptations in response to stress differ between men and women, producing sex-specific changes in emotional behaviors and mPFC activity, remained undetermined. This study examined whether unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in mice differentially alters behavior and mPFC parvalbumin (PV) interneuron activity by sex, and whether the activity of these neurons drives sex-specific behavioral changes. Four weeks of UCMS increased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors associated with FosB activation in mPFC PV neurons, particularly in females. After 8 weeks of UCMS, both sexes displayed these behavioral and neural changes. Chemogenetic activation of PV neurons in UCMS-exposed and nonstressed males induced significant changes in anxiety-like behaviors. Importantly, patch-clamp electrophysiology demonstrated altered excitability and basic neural properties on the same timeline as the emergence of behavioral effects: changes in females after 4 weeks and in males after 8 weeks of UCMS. These findings show, for the first time, that sex-specific changes in the excitability of prefrontal PV neurons parallel the emergence of anxiety-like behavior, revealing a potential novel mechanism underlying the enhanced vulnerability of females to stress-induced psychopathology and supporting further investigation of this neuronal population to identify new therapeutic targets for stress disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Woodward
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Amanda Ringland
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Marian L Logrip
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Lightning A, Bourzeix M, Beurrier C, Kuczewski N. Effects of discontinuous blue light stimulation on the electrophysiological properties of neurons lacking opsin expression in vitro: Implications for optogenetic experiments. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:885-899. [PMID: 36726326 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal sensitivity to light stimulation can be a significant confounding factor for assays that use light to study neuronal processes, such as optogenetics and fluorescent imaging. While continuous one-photon (1P) blue light stimulation has been shown to be responsible for a decrease in firing activity in several neuronal subtypes, discontinuous 1P blue light stimulation commonly used in optogenetic experiments is supposed to have a negligible action. In the present report, we tested experimentally this theoretical prediction by assessing the effects produced by the most commonly used patterns of discontinuous 1P light stimulation on several electrophysiological parameters in brain slices. We found that, compared with continuous stimulation, the artefactual effect of light is reduced when discontinuous stimulation is used, especially when the duty cycle and light power are low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anistasha Lightning
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028UMR5292, NEUROPOP, Bron, France
| | - Marie Bourzeix
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Beurrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Marseille, France
| | - Nicola Kuczewski
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028UMR5292, NEUROPOP, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Xiao T, Wu K, Wang P, Ding Y, Yang X, Chang C, Yang Y. Sensory input-dependent gain modulation of the optokinetic nystagmus by mid-infrared stimulation in pigeons. eLife 2023; 12:78729. [PMID: 36853228 PMCID: PMC9977280 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation serves as a cornerstone for brain sciences and clinical applications. Recent reports suggest that mid-infrared stimulation (MIRS) causes non-thermal modulation of brain functions. Current understanding of its mechanism hampers the routine application of MIRS. Here, we examine how MIRS influences the sensorimotor transformation in awaking-behaving pigeons, from neuronal signals to behavior. We applied MIRS and electrical stimulation (ES) to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM), an essential retinorecipient structure in the pretectum, and examined their influences on the optokinetic nystagmus, a visually guided eye movement. We found MIRS altered eye movements by modulating a specific gain depending on the strength of visual inputs, in a manner different than the effect of ES. Simultaneous extracellular recordings and stimulation showed that MIRS could either excite and inhibit the neuronal activity in the same pretectal neuron depending on its ongoing sensory responsiveness levels in awake-behaving animals. Computational simulations suggest that MIRS modulates the resonance of a carbonyl group of the potassium channel, critical to the action potential generation, altering neuronal responses to sensory inputs and as a consequence, guiding behavior. Our findings suggest that MIRS could be a promising approach toward modulating neuronal functions for brain research and treating neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Peiliang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of sciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yali Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
- School of Physics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhou X, Li A, Mi X, Li Y, Ding Z, An M, Chen Y, Li W, Tao X, Chen X, Li Y. Hyperexcited limbic neurons represent sexual satiety and reduce mating motivation. Science 2023; 379:820-825. [PMID: 36758107 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient sexual experiences can have long-lasting effects on behavioral decisions, but the neural coding that accounts for this change is unclear. We found that the ejaculation experience selectively activated estrogen receptor 2 (Esr2)-expressing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-BNSTEsr2-and led to persistent decreases in firing threshold for days, during which time the mice displayed sexual satiety. Inhibition of hyperexcited BNSTEsr2 elicited fast mating recovery in satiated mice of both sexes. In males, such hyperexcitability reduced mating motivation and was partially mediated by larger HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) currents. Thus, BNSTEsr2 not only encode a specific mating action but also represent a persistent state of sexual satiety, and alterations in a neuronal ion channel contribute to sexual experience-dependent long-term changes to mating drive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ang Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xue Mi
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhaoyi Ding
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min An
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xianming Tao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Kotler O, Khrapunsky Y, Shvartsman A, Dai H, Plant LD, Goldstein SAN, Fleidervish I. SUMOylation of Na V1.2 channels regulates the velocity of backpropagating action potentials in cortical pyramidal neurons. eLife 2023; 12:e81463. [PMID: 36794908 PMCID: PMC10014073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels located in axon initial segments (AIS) trigger action potentials (AP) and play pivotal roles in the excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons. The differential electrophysiological properties and distributions of NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 channels lead to distinct contributions to AP initiation and propagation. While NaV1.6 at the distal AIS promotes AP initiation and forward propagation, NaV1.2 at the proximal AIS promotes the backpropagation of APs to the soma. Here, we show the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway modulates Na+ channels at the AIS to increase neuronal gain and the speed of backpropagation. Since SUMO does not affect NaV1.6, these effects were attributed to SUMOylation of NaV1.2. Moreover, SUMO effects were absent in a mouse engineered to express NaV1.2-Lys38Gln channels that lack the site for SUMO linkage. Thus, SUMOylation of NaV1.2 exclusively controls INaP generation and AP backpropagation, thereby playing a prominent role in synaptic integration and plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oron Kotler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Yana Khrapunsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Arik Shvartsman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Hui Dai
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Leigh D Plant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Steven AN Goldstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Ilya Fleidervish
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Lobule-Related Action Potential Shape- and History-Dependent Current Integration in Purkinje Cells of Adult and Developing Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040623. [PMID: 36831290 PMCID: PMC9953991 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cells (PCs) are the principal cells of the cerebellar cortex and form a central element in the modular organization of the cerebellum. Differentiation of PCs based on gene expression profiles revealed two subpopulations with distinct connectivity, action potential firing and learning-induced activity changes. However, which basal cell physiological features underlie the differences between these subpopulations and to what extent they integrate input differentially remains largely unclear. Here, we investigate the cellular electrophysiological properties of PC subpopulation in adult and juvenile mice. We found that multiple fundamental cell physiological properties, including membrane resistance and various aspects of the action potential shape, differ between PCs from anterior and nodular lobules. Moreover, the two PC subpopulations also differed in the integration of negative and positive current steps as well as in size of the hyperpolarization-activated current. A comparative analysis in juvenile mice confirmed that most of these lobule-specific differences are already present at pre-weaning ages. Finally, we found that current integration in PCs is input history-dependent for both positive and negative currents, but this is not a distinctive feature between anterior and nodular PCs. Our results support the concept of a fundamental differentiation of PCs subpopulations in terms of cell physiological properties and current integration, yet reveals that history-dependent input processing is consistent across PC subtypes.
Collapse
|
116
|
Kumosa LS. Commonly Overlooked Factors in Biocompatibility Studies of Neural Implants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205095. [PMID: 36596702 PMCID: PMC9951391 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of cutting-edge neural implants, surgical tools and techniques, and therapeutic technologies is a challenging concept that can be easily misjudged. For example, neural interfaces are routinely gauged on how effectively they determine active neurons near their recording sites. Tissue integration and toxicity of neural interfaces are frequently assessed histologically in animal models to determine tissue morphological and cellular changes in response to surgical implantation and chronic presence. A disconnect between histological and efficacious biocompatibility exists, however, as neuronal numbers frequently observed near electrodes do not match recorded neuronal spiking activity. The downstream effects of the myriad surgical and experimental factors involved in such studies are rarely examined when deciding whether a technology or surgical process is biocompatible. Such surgical factors as anesthesia, temperature excursions, bleed incidence, mechanical forces generated, and metabolic conditions are known to have strong systemic and thus local cellular and extracellular consequences. Many tissue markers are extremely sensitive to the physiological state of cells and tissues, thus significantly impacting histological accuracy. This review aims to shed light on commonly overlooked factors that can have a strong impact on the assessment of neural biocompatibility and to address the mismatch between results stemming from functional and histological methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S. Kumosa
- Neuronano Research CenterDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceMedical FacultyLund UniversityMedicon Village, Byggnad 404 A2, Scheelevägen 8Lund223 81Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Farahani F, Pachenari N, Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani S, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Acute morphine injection persistently affects the electrophysiological characteristics of rat locus coeruleus neurons. Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137048. [PMID: 36603738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Administration of morphine is associated with critical complications in clinic which primarily includes the development of dependence and tolerance even following a single dose (acute) exposure. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies support the significant role of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in tolerance and dependence following chronic morphine exposure. The current study was designed to explore the electrophysiological properties of the LC neurons following acute morphine exposure. In-vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in LC neurons 24 h after intraperitoneal morphine injection. Acute morphine injection significantly decreased the spontaneous firing rate of LC neurons, the rising and decay slopes of action potentials, and consequently increased the action potential duration. In addition, morphine treatment did not alter the rheobase current and first spike latency while affected the inhibitory postsynaptic currents elicited in response to orexin-A. In fact, single morphine exposure could inhibit the disinhibitory effect of orexin-A on LC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farahani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Pachenari
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Deparment of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Buszka A, Pytyś A, Colvin D, Włodarczyk J, Wójtowicz T. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Plasticity in Normal and Pathological Brains. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030387. [PMID: 36766729 PMCID: PMC9913408 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is a common post-translational modification of proteins that plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. One form of protein lipidation, S-palmitoylation, involves the addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitate) onto proteins. This reversible modification may affect the regulation of protein trafficking and stability in membranes. From multiple recent experimental studies, a picture emerges whereby protein S-palmitoylation is a ubiquitous yet discrete molecular switch enabling the expansion of protein functions and subcellular localization in minutes to hours. Neural tissue is particularly rich in proteins that are regulated by S-palmitoylation. A surge of novel methods of detection of protein lipidation at high resolution allowed us to get better insights into the roles of protein palmitoylation in brain physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we specifically discuss experimental work devoted to understanding the impact of protein palmitoylation on functional changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synapses associated with neuronal activity and neuronal plasticity. The accumulated evidence also implies a crucial role of S-palmitoylation in learning and memory, and brain disorders associated with impaired cognitive functions.
Collapse
|
119
|
Guo T, Chang YC, Li L, Dokos S, Li L. Editorial: Advances in bioelectronics and stimulation strategies for next generation neuroprosthetics. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1116900. [PMID: 36704005 PMCID: PMC9872720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yao-chuan Chang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States,Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Socrates Dokos
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liming Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Liming Li ✉
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Tan SY, Jiang JX, Huang HX, Mo XP, Feng JR, Chen Y, Yang L, Long C. Neural mechanism underlies CYLD modulation of morphology and synaptic function of medium spiny neurons in dorsolateral striatum. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1107355. [PMID: 36846565 PMCID: PMC9945542 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD), an abundant protein in the postsynaptic density fraction, plays a crucial role in mediating the synaptic activity of the striatum, the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, using a Cyld-knockout mouse model, we demonstrate that CYLD regulates dorsolateral striatum (DLS) neuronal morphology, firing activity, excitatory synaptic transmission, and plasticity of striatal medium spiny neurons via, likely, interaction with glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) and glutamate receptor 2 (GluA2), two key subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). CYLD deficiency reduces levels of GluA1 and GluA2 surface protein and increases K63-linked ubiquitination, resulting in functional impairments both in AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and in AMPAR-dependent long-term depression. The results demonstrate a functional association of CYLD with AMPAR activity, which strengthens our understanding of the role of CYLD in striatal neuronal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Feng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Tonomura S, Gu JG. Saltatory conduction and intrinsic electrophysiological properties at the nodes of ranvier of Aα/β-afferent fibers and Aα-efferent fibers in rat sciatic nerves. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231187366. [PMID: 37369680 PMCID: PMC10413906 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231187366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-diameter myelinated fibers in sciatic nerves are composed of both Aα/β-afferent fibers and Aα-efferent fibers to convey sensory and motor impulses, respectively, via saltatory conduction for rapid leg responses. Saltatory conduction and electrophysiological properties at the nodes of Ranvier (NRs) of these sciatic nerve fibers have not been directly studied. We used ex vivo sciatic nerve preparations from rats and applied patch-clamp recordings at the NRs of both Aα/β-afferent fibers and Aα-efferent fibers in the sciatic nerves to characterize their saltatory conduction and intrinsic electrophysiological properties. The velocity and frequency of saltatory conduction in both types of fibers were similar. Resting membrane potentials (RMPs), input resistance, action potential (AP) threshold, and AP rheobase were also not significantly different at the NRs of the two types of fibers in the sciatic nerves. In comparison with Aα/β-afferent fibers, Aα-efferent fibers in the sciatic nerves show higher amplitude and broader width of APs at their NRs. At the NRs of both types of fibers, depolarizing voltages evoked transient inward currents followed by non-inactivating outward currents, and the inward currents and non-inactivating outward currents at the NRs were not significantly different between the two types of fibers. Using AP-clamp, inward currents during AP upstroke were found to be insignificant difference, but amplitudes of non-inactivating outward currents during AP repolarization were significantly lower at the NRs of Aα-efferent fibers than at the NRs of Aα/β-afferent fibers in the sciatic nerves. Collectively, saltatory conduction, ionic currents, and intrinsic electrophysiological properties at the NRs of Aα/β-afferent fibers and Aα-efferent fibers in the sciatic nerves are generally similar, but some differences were also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotatsu Tonomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Ni Y, Liu L, Liu J, Xu W. A High-Strength Neuromuscular System That Implements Reflexes as Controlled by a Multiquadrant Artificial Efferent Nerve. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20294-20304. [PMID: 36318482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an artificial efferent nerve that distinguishes environment-responsive conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, i.e., hand-retraction reflex and muscle memory, respectively. These reflex modes are immediately switchable by altering the polarity of charge carriers in a parallel-channeled artificial synapse; this ability emulates multiplexed neurotransmission of different neurotransmitters to form glutamine-induced short-term plasticity and acetylcholine-induced long-term plasticity. This is the successful control of high-strength artificial muscle fibers by using an artificial efferent nerve to form a neuromuscular system that can realize curvature and force simultaneously and in which all these aspects far surpass currently available neuromuscular systems. Furthermore, the special four-quadrant information-processing mechanism of our artificial efferent nerve allows complex application extensions, i.e., relative-position tracking of sound sources, immediate switchable learning modes between fast information processing and long-term memory, and high-accuracy pattern cognition. This work is a step toward development of human-compatible artificial neuromuscular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ni
- Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Mao F, Yang Y, Jiang H. Electromechanical model for object roughness perception during finger sliding. Biophys J 2022; 121:4740-4747. [PMID: 36116008 PMCID: PMC9748192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Touch allows us to gather abundant information in the world around us. However, how sensory cells embedded in the fingers convey texture information into their firing patterns is still poorly understood. Here, we develop an electromechanical model for roughness perception by incorporating main ingredients such as voltage-gated ion channels, active ion pumps, mechanosensitive channels, and cell deformation. The model reveals that sensory cells can convey texture wavelengths into the period of their firing patterns as the finger slides across object surfaces, but they can only convey a limited range of texture wavelengths. We also show that an increase in sliding speed broadens the decoding wavelength range at the cost of reduction of lower perception limits. Thus, a smaller sliding speed and a bigger contact force may be needed to successfully discern a smooth surface, consistent with previous psychophysical observations. Moreover, we show that cells with slowly adapting mechanosensitive channels can still fire action potentials under static loadings, indicating that slowly adapting mechanosensitive channels may contribute to the perception of coarse textures under static touch. Our work thus provides a new theoretical framework to study roughness perception and may have important implications for the design of electronic skin, artificial touch, and haptic interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangtao Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Pilch KS, Ramgoolam KH, Dolphin AC. Involvement of Ca V 2.2 channels and α 2 δ-1 in homeostatic synaptic plasticity in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Physiol 2022; 600:5333-5351. [PMID: 36377048 PMCID: PMC10107484 DOI: 10.1113/jp283600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, presynaptic CaV 2 channels play a pivotal role in synaptic transmission by mediating fast neurotransmitter exocytosis via influx of Ca2+ into the active zone of presynaptic terminals. However, the distribution and modulation of CaV 2.2 channels at plastic hippocampal synapses remains to be elucidated. Here, we assess CaV 2.2 channels during homeostatic synaptic plasticity, a compensatory form of homeostatic control preventing excessive or insufficient neuronal activity during which extensive active zone remodelling has been described. We show that chronic silencing of neuronal activity in mature hippocampal cultures resulted in elevated presynaptic Ca2+ transients, mediated by increased levels of CaV 2.2 channels at the presynaptic site. This work focused further on the role of α2 δ-1 subunits, important regulators of synaptic transmission and CaV 2.2 channel abundance at the presynaptic membrane. We found that α2 δ-1 overexpression reduces the contribution of CaV 2.2 channels to total Ca2+ flux without altering the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients. Levels of endogenous α2 δ-1 decreased during homeostatic synaptic plasticity, whereas the overexpression of α2 δ-1 prevented homeostatic synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Together, this study reveals a key role for CaV 2.2 channels and novel roles for α2 δ-1 during synaptic plastic adaptation. KEY POINTS: The roles of CaV 2.2 channels and α2 δ-1 in homeostatic synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons in culture were examined. Chronic silencing of neuronal activity resulted in elevated presynaptic Ca2+ transients, mediated by increased levels of CaV 2.2 channels at presynaptic sites. The level of endogenous α2 δ-1 decreased during homeostatic synaptic plasticity, whereas overexpression of α2 δ-1 prevented homeostatic synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Together, this study reveals a key role for CaV 2.2 channels and novel roles for α2 δ-1 during synaptic plastic adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjara S. Pilch
- Department of NeurosciencePhysiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Krishma H. Ramgoolam
- Department of NeurosciencePhysiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Annette C. Dolphin
- Department of NeurosciencePhysiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Alexander TD, Muqeem T, Zhi L, Tymanskyj SR, Covarrubias M. Tunable Action Potential Repolarization Governed by Kv3.4 Channels in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8647-8657. [PMID: 36198500 PMCID: PMC9671581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1210-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kv3.4 channel regulates action potential (AP) repolarization in nociceptors and excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal cord. We hypothesize that this is a tunable role governed by protein kinase-C-dependent phosphorylation of the Kv3.4 cytoplasmic N-terminal inactivation domain (NTID) at four nonequivalent sites. However, there is a paucity of causation evidence linking the phosphorylation status of Kv3.4 to the properties of the AP. To establish this link, we used adeno-associated viral vectors to specifically manipulate the expression and the effective phosphorylation status of Kv3.4 in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from mixed-sex rat embryos at embryonic day 18. These vectors encoded GFP (background control), wild-type (WT) Kv3.4, phosphonull (PN) Kv3.4 mutant (PN = S[8,9,15,21]A), phosphomimic (PM) Kv3.4 mutant (PM = S[8,9,15,21]D), and a Kv3.4 nonconducting dominant-negative (DN) pore mutant (DN = W429F). Following viral infection of the DRG neurons, we evaluated transduction efficiency and Kv3.4 expression and function via fluorescence microscopy and patch clamping. All functional Kv3.4 constructs induced current overexpression with similar voltage dependence of activation. However, whereas Kv3.4-WT and Kv3.4-PN induced fast transient currents, the Kv3.4-PM induced currents exhibiting impaired inactivation. In contrast, the Kv3.4-DN abolished the endogenous Kv3.4 current. Consequently, Kv3.4-DN and Kv3.4-PM produced APs with the longest and shortest durations, respectively, whereas Kv3.4-WT and Kv3.4-PN produced intermediate results. Moreover, the AP widths and maximum rates of AP repolarization from these groups are negatively correlated. We conclude that the expression and effective phosphorylation status of the Kv3.4 NTID confer a tunable mechanism of AP repolarization, which may provide exquisite regulation of pain signaling in DRG neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The AP is an all-or-none millisecond-long electrical impulse that encodes information in the frequency and patterns of repetitive firing. However, signaling may also depend on the plasticity and diversity of the AP waveform. For instance, the shape and duration of the AP may regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission between a primary sensory afferent to a secondary neuron in the spinal cord. Here, we used mutants of the Kv3.4 voltage-gated potassium channel to manipulate its expression and effective phosphorylation status in dorsal root ganglion neurons and directly show how the expression and malleable inactivation properties of Kv3.4 govern the AP duration and repolarization rate. These results elucidate a mechanism of neural AP plasticity that may regulate pain signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Alexander
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Vicki & Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience at Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Tanziyah Muqeem
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Vicki & Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience at Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Lianteng Zhi
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Vicki & Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience at Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Stephen R Tymanskyj
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Vicki & Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience at Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Manuel Covarrubias
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Vicki & Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience at Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Lu K, Hong Y, Tao M, Shen L, Zheng Z, Fang K, Yuan F, Xu M, Wang C, Zhu D, Guo X, Liu Y. Depressive patient-derived GABA interneurons reveal abnormal neural activity associated with HTR2C. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16364. [PMID: 36373384 PMCID: PMC9832822 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder with suicide behavior (sMDD) is a server mood disorder, bringing tremendous burden to family and society. Although reduced gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) level has been observed in postmortem tissues of sMDD patients, the molecular mechanism by which GABA levels are altered remains elusive. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from five sMDD patients and differentiated the iPSCs to GABAergic interneurons (GINs) and ventral forebrain organoids. sMDD GINs exhibited altered neuronal morphology and increased neural firing, as well as weakened calcium signaling propagation, compared with controls. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed that a decreased expression of serotoninergic receptor 2C (5-HT2C) may cause the defected neuronal activity in sMDD. Furthermore, targeting 5-HT2C receptor, using a small molecule agonist or genetic approach, restored neuronal activity deficits in sMDD GINs. Our findings provide a human cellular model for studying the molecular mechanisms and drug discoveries for sMDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqin Lu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuan Hong
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengdan Tao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Luping Shen
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhilong Zheng
- Department of NeurobiologyKey Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kaiheng Fang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang Yuan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dongya Zhu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of NeurobiologyKey Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Wide-Field Calcium Imaging of Neuronal Network Dynamics In Vivo. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111601. [PMID: 36358302 PMCID: PMC9687960 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A central tenet of neuroscience is that sensory, motor, and cognitive behaviors are generated by the communications and interactions among neurons, distributed within and across anatomically and functionally distinct brain regions. Therefore, to decipher how the brain plans, learns, and executes behaviors requires characterizing neuronal activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. This includes simultaneously recording neuronal dynamics at the mesoscale level to understand the interactions among brain regions during different behavioral and brain states. Wide-field Ca2+ imaging, which uses single photon excitation and improved genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators, allows for simultaneous recordings of large brain areas and is proving to be a powerful tool to study neuronal activity at the mesoscopic scale in behaving animals. This review details the techniques used for wide-field Ca2+ imaging and the various approaches employed for the analyses of the rich neuronal-behavioral data sets obtained. Also discussed is how wide-field Ca2+ imaging is providing novel insights into both normal and altered neural processing in disease. Finally, we examine the limitations of the approach and new developments in wide-field Ca2+ imaging that are bringing new capabilities to this important technique for investigating large-scale neuronal dynamics.
Collapse
|
128
|
Kondev V, Morgan A, Najeed M, Winters ND, Kingsley PJ, Marnett L, Patel S. The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Bidirectionally Modulates Acute and Protracted Effects of Predator Odor Exposure. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:739-749. [PMID: 35961791 PMCID: PMC9827751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, characterized by excess fear and enhanced avoidance of trauma triggers. Elucidating the mechanisms regulating temporally distinct aspects of innate and conditioned fear responses could facilitate novel therapeutic development for stress-related disorders. One potential target that has recently emerged is the endocannabinoid system, which has been reported to mediate the physiological response to stress and represents an important substrate underlying individual differences in stress susceptibility. METHODS Here, we exposed male and female CD-1 mice to an innate predator stressor, 2MT (2-methyl-2-thiazoline), to investigate the ability of endocannabinoid signaling to modulate temporally distinct innate and conditioned fear behaviors. RESULTS We found that 2MT exposure increased amygdala 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) content and selectively increased excitability in central, but not basolateral, amygdala neurons. We also found that pharmacological 2-AG augmentation during stress exposure exacerbated both acute freezing responses and central amygdala hyperexcitability via cannabinoid receptor type 1- and type 2-dependent mechanisms. Finally, 2-AG augmentation during stress exposure reduced long-term contextual conditioned freezing, and 2-AG augmentation 24 hours after stress exposure reduced conditioned avoidance behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a bidirectional effect of 2-AG augmentation on innate and conditioned fear behavior, with enhancement of 2-AG levels during stress promoting innate fear responses but ultimately resulting in long-term conditioned fear reduction. These data could reconcile contradictory data on the role of 2-AG in the regulation of innate and conditioned fear-related behavioral responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kondev
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amanda Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mustafa Najeed
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathan D Winters
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sachin Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Song H, McEwan PP, Ameen-Ali KE, Tomasevich A, Kennedy-Dietrich C, Palma A, Arroyo EJ, Dolle JP, Johnson VE, Stewart W, Smith DH. Concussion leads to widespread axonal sodium channel loss and disruption of the node of Ranvier. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:967-985. [PMID: 36107227 PMCID: PMC9547928 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a major health concern, little is known about the pathophysiological changes that underly concussion. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that selective damage to white matter axons, or diffuse axonal injury (DAI), disrupts brain network connectivity and function. While voltage-gated sodium channels (NaChs) and their anchoring proteins at the nodes of Ranvier (NOR) on axons are key elements of the brain's network signaling machinery, changes in their integrity have not been studied in context with DAI. Here, we utilized a clinically relevant swine model of concussion that induces evolving axonal pathology, demonstrated by accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) across the white matter. Over a two-week follow-up post-concussion with this model, we found widespread loss of NaCh isoform 1.6 (Nav1.6), progressive increases in NOR length, the appearance of void and heminodes and loss of βIV-spectrin, ankyrin G, and neurofascin 186 or their collective diffusion into the paranode. Notably, these changes were in close proximity, yet distinct from APP-immunoreactive swollen axonal profiles, potentially representing a unique, newfound phenotype of axonal pathology in DAI. Since concussion in humans is non-fatal, the clinical relevance of these findings was determined through examination of post-mortem brain tissue from humans with higher levels of acute traumatic brain injury. Here, a similar loss of Nav1.6 and changes in NOR structures in brain white matter were observed as found in the swine model of concussion. Collectively, this widespread and progressive disruption of NaChs and NOR appears to be a form of sodium channelopathy, which may represent an important substrate underlying brain network dysfunction after concussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Przemyslaw P McEwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kamar E Ameen-Ali
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra Tomasevich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Alexander Palma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edgardo J Arroyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Dolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria E Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Stewart
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Li M, Liu Z, Lai K, Liu H, Gong L, Shi H, Zhang W, Wang H, Shi H. Enhanced recruitment of glutamate receptors underlies excitotoxicity of mitral cells in acute hyperammonemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1002671. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE)–a major complication of liver disease–has been found to increase the risk of olfactory dysfunction, which may be attributed to elevated levels of ammonia/ammonium in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying hyperammonemia-induced olfactory dysfunction remain unclear. By performing patch-clamp recordings of mitral cells (MCs) in the mouse olfactory bulb (OB), we found that 3 mM ammonium (NH4+) increased the spontaneous firing frequency and attenuated the amplitude, but synaptic blockers could prevent the changes, suggesting the important role of glutamate receptors in NH4+-induced hyperexcitability of MCs. We also found NH4+ reduced the currents of voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv), which may lead to the attenuation of spontaneous firing amplitude by NH4+. Further studies demonstrated NH4+ enhanced the amplitude and integral area of long-lasting spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) in acute OB slices. This enhancement of excitatory neurotransmission in MCs occurred independently of pre-synaptic glutamate release and re-uptake, and was prevented by the exocytosis inhibitor TAT-NSF700. In addition, an NH4+-induced increasement in expression of NR1 and GluR1 was detected on cytoplasmic membrane, indicating that increased trafficking of glutamate receptors on membrane surface in MCs is the core mechanism. Moreover, NH4+-induced enhanced activity of glutamate receptors in acute OB slices caused cell death, which was prevented by antagonizing glutamate receptors or chelating intracellular calcium levels. Our study demonstrates that the enhancement of the activity and recruitment of glutamate receptor directly induces neuronal excitotoxicity, and contributes to the vulnerability of OB to acute hyperammonemia, thus providing a potential pathological mechanism of olfactory defects in patients with hyperammonemia and HE.
Collapse
|
131
|
Zhao Y, Ding S, Todoh M. Validate the force-velocity relation of the Hill's muscle model from a molecular perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1006571. [PMID: 36312549 PMCID: PMC9614041 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1006571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Zhao
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shihang Ding
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Todoh
- Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Li Z, Boesmans W, Kazwiny Y, Hao MM, Vanden Berghe P. Simultaneous whole-cell patch-clamp and calcium imaging on myenteric neurons. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G341-G347. [PMID: 36044672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Live calcium imaging is often used as a proxy for electrophysiological measurements and has been a valuable tool that allows simultaneous analysis of neuronal activity in multiple cells at the population level. In the enteric nervous system, there are two main electrophysiological classes of neurons, after-hyperpolarizing (AH)- and synaptic (S)-neurons, which have been shown to have different calcium handling mechanisms. However, they are rarely considered separately in calcium imaging experiments. A handful of studies have shown that in guinea pig, a calcium transient will accompany a single action potential in AH-neurons, but multiple action potentials are required to generate a calcium transient in S-neurons. How this translates to different modes of cellular depolarization and whether this is consistent across species is unknown. In this study, we used simultaneous whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology together with calcium imaging to investigate how enteric neurons respond to different modes of depolarization. Using both traditional (4 Hz) and also high-speed (1,000 Hz) imaging techniques, we found that single action potentials elicit calcium transients in both AH-neurons and S-neurons. Subthreshold membrane depolarizations were also able to elicit calcium transients, although calcium responses were generally amplified if an action potential was present. Furthermore, we identified that responses to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation can be used to distinguish between AH- and S-neurons in calcium imaging.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Live calcium imaging is an important tool for investigating enteric nervous system (ENS) function. Previous studies have shown that multiple action potentials are needed to generate a calcium response in S-neurons, which has important implications for the interpretation of calcium imaging data. Here, we show that in mouse myenteric neurons, calcium transients are elicited by single action potentials in both AH- and S-neurons. In addition, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation can be used to distinguish between these two classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Li
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, ChroMeta, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Youcef Kazwiny
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, ChroMeta, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlene M Hao
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, ChroMeta, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, ChroMeta, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Kelkar S, Nailwal N, Bhatia NY, Doshi G, Sathaye S, Godad AP. An Update On Proficiency of Voltage-gated Ion Channel Blockers in the Treatment of Inflammation-associated Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1290-1303. [PMID: 35996239 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220819141827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's mechanism to trigger the immune system, thereby preventing bacteria and viruses from manifesting their toxic effect. Inflammation plays a vital role in regulating inflammatory mediator levels to initiate the wound healing process depending on the nature of the stimuli. This process occurs due to chemical release from white blood cells by elevating blood flow to the site of action, leading to redness and increased body temperature. Currently, there are numerous Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available, but these drugs are reported with adverse effects such as gastric bleeding, progressive kidney damage, and increased risk of heart attacks when prolonged use. For such instances, alternative options need to be adopted. The introduction of voltage-gated ion channel blockers can be a substantial alternative to mask the side effects of these currently available drugs. Chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, cancer and migraine, etc., can cause dreadful pain, which is often debilitating for the patient. The underlying mechanism for both acute and chronic inflammation involves various complex receptors, different types of cells, receptors, and proteins. The working of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels is closely linked to both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Certain drugs such as carbamazepine and gabapentin, which are ion channel blockers, have greater pharmacotherapeutic activity for sodium and calcium channel blockers for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states. This review intends to provide brief information on the mechanism of action, latest clinical trials, and applications of these blockers in treating inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddesh Kelkar
- MET Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Reclamation, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400050, India
| | - Namrata Nailwal
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mithibai College Campus, Vaikunthlal Mehta Rd, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Nirav Yogesh Bhatia
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mithibai College Campus, Vaikunthlal Mehta Rd, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mithibai College Campus, Vaikunthlal Mehta Rd, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Angel Pavalu Godad
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mithibai College Campus, Vaikunthlal Mehta Rd, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Hill SF, Ziobro JM, Jafar‐Nejad P, Rigo F, Meisler MH. Genetic interaction between Scn8a and potassium channel genes Kcna1 and Kcnq2. Epilepsia 2022; 63:e125-e131. [PMID: 35892317 PMCID: PMC9804156 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels regulate the initiation and termination of neuronal action potentials. Gain-of-function mutations of sodium channel Scn8a and loss-of-function mutations of potassium channels Kcna1 and Kcnq2 increase neuronal activity and lead to seizure disorders. We tested the hypothesis that reducing the expression of Scn8a would compensate for loss-of-function mutations of Kcna1 or Kcnq2. Scn8a expression was reduced by the administration of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). This treatment lengthened the survival of the Kcn1a and Kcnq2 mutants, and reduced the seizure frequency in the Kcnq2 mutant mice. These observations suggest that reduction of SCN8A may be therapeutic for genetic epilepsies resulting from mutations in these potassium channel genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie F. Hill
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Julie M. Ziobro
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miriam H. Meisler
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Epilepsy-Induced High Affinity Blockade of the Cardiac Sodium Current INa by Lamotrigine; A Potential for Acquired Arrythmias. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101208. [PMID: 36297320 PMCID: PMC9609666 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamotrigine is widely prescribed to treat bipolar neurological disorder and epilepsy. It exerts its antiepileptic action by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a warning on the use of Lamotrigine after observations of conduction anomalies and Brugada syndrome patterns on the electrocardiograms of epileptic patients treated with the drug. Brugada syndrome and conduction disturbance are both associated with alterations of the cardiac sodium current (INa) kinetics and amplitude. In this study, we used the patch clamp technique on cardiomyocytes from epileptic rats to test the hypothesis that Lamotrigine also blocks INa in the heart. We found that Lamotrigine inhibited 60% of INa peak amplitude and reduced cardiac excitability in epileptic rats but had little effect in sham animals. Moreover, Lamotrigine inhibited 67% of INaL and, more importantly, prolonged the action potential refractory period in epileptic animals. Our results suggest that enhanced affinity of Lamotrigine for INa may in part explain the clinical phenotypes observed in epileptic patients.
Collapse
|
136
|
Kim D, Lee JS. Emulating the Signal Transmission in a Neural System Using Polymer Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42308-42316. [PMID: 36069456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are vital components of the brain. When stimulated by neurotransmitters at the dendrites, neurons deliver signals as changes in the membrane potential by ion movement. The signal transmission of a nervous system exhibits a high energy efficiency. These characteristics of neurons are being exploited to develop efficient neuromorphic computing systems. In this study, we develop chemical synapses for neuromorphic devices and emulate the signaling processes in a nervous system using a polymer membrane, in which the ionic permeability can be controlled. The polymer membrane comprises poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) and poly(3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt), which have positive and negative charges, respectively. The ionic permeability of the polymer membrane is controlled by the injection of a neurotransmitter solution. This device emulates the signal transmission behavior of biological neurons depending on the concentration of the injected neurotransmitter solution. The proposed artificial neuronal signaling device can facilitate the development of bio-realistic neuromorphic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongshin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
vom Dahl C, Müller CE, Berisha X, Nagel G, Zimmer T. Coupling the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel to Channelrhodopsin-2 Generates Novel Optical Switches for Action Potential Studies. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:907. [PMID: 36295666 PMCID: PMC9607247 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels respond to short membrane depolarization with conformational changes leading to pore opening, Na+ influx, and action potential (AP) upstroke. In the present study, we coupled channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), the key ion channel in optogenetics, directly to the cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel (Nav1.5). Fusion constructs were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and electrophysiological recordings were performed by the two-microelectrode technique. Heteromeric channels retained both typical Nav1.5 kinetics and light-sensitive ChR2 properties. Switching to the current-clamp mode and applying short blue-light pulses resulted either in subthreshold depolarization or in a rapid change of membrane polarity typically seen in APs of excitable cells. To study the effect of individual K+ channels on the AP shape, we co-expressed either Kv1.2 or hERG with one of the Nav1.5-ChR2 fusions. As expected, both delayed rectifier K+ channels shortened AP duration significantly. Kv1.2 currents remarkably accelerated initial repolarization, whereas hERG channel activity efficiently restored the resting membrane potential. Finally, we investigated the effect of the LQT3 deletion mutant ΔKPQ on the AP shape and noticed an extremely prolonged AP duration that was directly correlated to the size of the non-inactivating Na+ current fraction. In conclusion, coupling of ChR2 to a voltage-gated Na+ channel generates optical switches that are useful for studying the effect of individual ion channels on the AP shape. Moreover, our novel optogenetic approach provides the potential for an application in pharmacology and optogenetic tissue-engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian vom Dahl
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Emanuel Müller
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Xhevat Berisha
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Institute of Physiology—Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zimmer
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Manuel M, Tan KB, Kozic Z, Molinek M, Marcos TS, Razak MFA, Dobolyi D, Dobie R, Henderson BEP, Henderson NC, Chan WK, Daw MI, Mason JO, Price DJ. Pax6 limits the competence of developing cerebral cortical cells to respond to inductive intercellular signals. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001563. [PMID: 36067211 PMCID: PMC9481180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of stable specialized cell types in multicellular organisms relies on mechanisms controlling inductive intercellular signals and the competence of cells to respond to such signals. In developing cerebral cortex, progenitors generate only glutamatergic excitatory neurons despite being exposed to signals with the potential to initiate the production of other neuronal types, suggesting that their competence is limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this limitation is due to their expression of transcription factor Pax6. We used bulk and single-cell RNAseq to show that conditional cortex-specific Pax6 deletion from the onset of cortical neurogenesis allowed some progenitors to generate abnormal lineages resembling those normally found outside the cortex. Analysis of selected gene expression showed that the changes occurred in specific spatiotemporal patterns. We then compared the responses of control and Pax6-deleted cortical cells to in vivo and in vitro manipulations of extracellular signals. We found that Pax6 loss increased cortical progenitors’ competence to generate inappropriate lineages in response to extracellular factors normally present in developing cortex, including the morphogens Shh and Bmp4. Regional variation in the levels of these factors could explain spatiotemporal patterns of fate change following Pax6 deletion in vivo. We propose that Pax6’s main role in developing cortical cells is to minimize the risk of their development being derailed by the potential side effects of morphogens engaged contemporaneously in other essential functions. The development of stable specialized cell types in multicellular organisms relies on mechanisms controlling inductive intercellular signals and the competence of cells to respond. This study shows that cortical development is stabilized by the protective actions of the transcription factor Pax6, which adjusts the ability of cortical cells to respond to potentially destabilizing signals present in their local environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Manuel
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Boon Tan
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zrinko Kozic
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Molinek
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Sena Marcos
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maizatul Fazilah Abd Razak
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dániel Dobolyi
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Beth E. P. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wai Kit Chan
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I. Daw
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - John O. Mason
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Padilla-Orozco M, Duhne M, Fuentes-Serrano A, Ortega A, Galarraga E, Bargas J, Lara-González E. Synaptic determinants of cholinergic interneurons hyperactivity during parkinsonism. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:945816. [PMID: 36147730 PMCID: PMC9485566 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.945816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative ailment generated by the loss of dopamine in the basal ganglia, mainly in the striatum. The disease courses with increased striatal levels of acetylcholine, disrupting the balance among these modulatory transmitters. These modifications disturb the excitatory and inhibitory balance in the striatal circuitry, as reflected in the activity of projection striatal neurons. In addition, changes in the firing pattern of striatal tonically active interneurons during the disease, including cholinergic interneurons (CINs), are being searched. Dopamine-depleted striatal circuits exhibit pathological hyperactivity as compared to controls. One aim of this study was to show how striatal CINs contribute to this hyperactivity. A second aim was to show the contribution of extrinsic synaptic inputs to striatal CINs hyperactivity. Electrophysiological and calcium imaging recordings in Cre-mice allowed us to evaluate the activity of dozens of identified CINs with single-cell resolution in ex vivo brain slices. CINs show hyperactivity with bursts and silences in the dopamine-depleted striatum. We confirmed that the intrinsic differences between the activity of control and dopamine-depleted CINs are one source of their hyperactivity. We also show that a great part of this hyperactivity and firing pattern change is a product of extrinsic synaptic inputs, targeting CINs. Both glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs are essential to sustain hyperactivity. In addition, cholinergic transmission through nicotinic receptors also participates, suggesting that the joint activity of CINs drives the phenomenon; since striatal CINs express nicotinic receptors, not expressed in striatal projection neurons. Therefore, CINs hyperactivity is the result of changes in intrinsic properties and excitatory and inhibitory inputs, in addition to the modification of local circuitry due to cholinergic nicotinic transmission. We conclude that CINs are the main drivers of the pathological hyperactivity present in the striatum that is depleted of dopamine, and this is, in part, a result of extrinsic synaptic inputs. These results show that CINs may be a main therapeutic target to treat Parkinson’s disease by intervening in their synaptic inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Padilla-Orozco
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Duhne
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alejandra Fuentes-Serrano
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aidán Ortega
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elvira Galarraga
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Bargas
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José Bargas,
| | - Esther Lara-González
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Esther Lara-González,
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Gong X, Zhang T, Chen CLP, Liu Z. Research Review for Broad Learning System: Algorithms, Theory, and Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2022; 52:8922-8950. [PMID: 33729975 DOI: 10.1109/tcyb.2021.3061094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the appearance of the broad learning system (BLS) is poised to revolutionize conventional artificial intelligence methods. It represents a step toward building more efficient and effective machine-learning methods that can be extended to a broader range of necessary research fields. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of the BLS in data mining and neural networks for the first time, focusing on summarizing various BLS methods from the aspects of its algorithms, theories, applications, and future open research questions. First, we introduce the basic pattern of BLS manifestation, the universal approximation capability, and essence from the theoretical perspective. Furthermore, we focus on BLS's various improvements based on the current state of the theoretical research, which further improves its flexibility, stability, and accuracy under general or specific conditions, including classification, regression, semisupervised, and unsupervised tasks. Due to its remarkable efficiency, impressive generalization performance, and easy extendibility, BLS has been applied in different domains. Next, we illustrate BLS's practical advances, such as computer vision, biomedical engineering, control, and natural language processing. Finally, the future open research problems and promising directions for BLSs are pointed out.
Collapse
|
141
|
Ma YJ, Jang H, Lombardi AF, Corey-Bloom J, Bydder GM. Myelin water imaging using a short-TR adiabatic inversion-recovery (STAIR) sequence. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1156-1169. [PMID: 35613378 PMCID: PMC9867567 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new myelin water imaging (MWI) technique using a short-TR adiabatic inversion-recovery (STAIR) sequence on a clinical 3T MR scanner. METHODS Myelin water (MW) in the brain has both a much shorter T1 and a much shorter T2 * than intracellular/extracellular water. A STAIR sequence with a short TR was designed to efficiently suppress long T1 signals from intracellular/extracellular water, and therefore allow selective imaging of MW, which has a much shorter T1 . Numerical simulation and phantom studies were performed to investigate the effectiveness of long T1 signal suppression. TheT2 * in white matter (WM) was measured with STAIR and compared with T2 * measured with a conventional gradient recall echo in in vivo study. Four healthy volunteers and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis were recruited for qualitative and quantitative MWI. Apparent MW fraction was generated to compare MW in normal WM in volunteers to MW in lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS Both simulation and phantom studies showed that when TR was sufficiently short (eg, 250 ms), the STAIR sequence effectively suppressed long T1 signals from tissues with a broad range of T1 s using a single TR/TI combination. The volunteer study showed a short T2 * of 9.5 ± 1.7 ms in WM, which is similar to reported values for MW. Lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis showed a significantly lower apparent MW fraction (4.5% ± 1.0%) compared with that of normal WM (9.2% ± 1.5%) in healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The STAIR sequence provides selective MWI in brain and can quantify reductions in MW content in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alecio F. Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jody Corey-Bloom
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Graeme M. Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Faizi HA, Tsui A, Dimova R, Vlahovska PM. Bending Rigidity, Capacitance, and Shear Viscosity of Giant Vesicle Membranes Prepared by Spontaneous Swelling, Electroformation, Gel-Assisted, and Phase Transfer Methods: A Comparative Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10548-10557. [PMID: 35993569 PMCID: PMC9671160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Closed lipid bilayers in the form of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are commonly used membrane models. Various methods have been developed to prepare GUVs, however it is unknown if all approaches yield membranes with the same elastic, electric, and rheological properties. Here, we combine flickering spectroscopy and electrodefomation of GUVs to measure, at identical conditions, membrane capacitance, bending rigidity and shear surface viscosity of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes formed by several commonly used preparation methods: thin film hydration (spontaneous swelling), electroformation, gel-assisted swelling using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or agarose, and phase-transfer. We find relatively similar bending rigidity value across all the methods except for the agarose hydration method. In addition, the capacitance values are similar except for vesicles prepared via PVA gel hydration. Intriguingly, membranes prepared by the gel-assisted and phase-transfer methods exhibit much higher shear viscosity compared to electroformation and spontaneous swelling, likely due to remnants of polymers (PVA and agarose) and oils (hexadecane and mineral) in the lipid bilayer structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammad A Faizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Annie Tsui
- Department of Industrial Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petia M Vlahovska
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Lara-González E, Padilla-Orozco M, Fuentes-Serrano A, Bargas J, Duhne M. Translational neuronal ensembles: Neuronal microcircuits in psychology, physiology, pharmacology and pathology. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:979680. [PMID: 36090187 PMCID: PMC9449457 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.979680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-recording techniques show evidence that neurons coordinate their firing forming ensembles and that brain networks are made by connections between ensembles. While “canonical” microcircuits are composed of interconnected principal neurons and interneurons, it is not clear how they participate in recorded neuronal ensembles: “groups of neurons that show spatiotemporal co-activation”. Understanding synapses and their plasticity has become complex, making hard to consider all details to fill the gap between cellular-synaptic and circuit levels. Therefore, two assumptions became necessary: First, whatever the nature of the synapses these may be simplified by “functional connections”. Second, whatever the mechanisms to achieve synaptic potentiation or depression, the resultant synaptic weights are relatively stable. Both assumptions have experimental basis cited in this review, and tools to analyze neuronal populations are being developed based on them. Microcircuitry processing followed with multi-recording techniques show temporal sequences of neuronal ensembles resembling computational routines. These sequences can be aligned with the steps of behavioral tasks and behavior can be modified upon their manipulation, supporting the hypothesis that they are memory traces. In vitro, recordings show that these temporal sequences can be contained in isolated tissue of histological scale. Sequences found in control conditions differ from those recorded in pathological tissue obtained from animal disease models and those recorded after the actions of clinically useful drugs to treat disease states, setting the basis for new bioassays to test drugs with potential clinical use. These findings make the neuronal ensembles theoretical framework a dynamic neuroscience paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lara-González
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Montserrat Padilla-Orozco
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Fuentes-Serrano
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Bargas
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José Bargas,
| | - Mariana Duhne
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Mariana Duhne,
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Kamiya H. Modeling analysis of subthreshold voltage signaling along hippocampal mossy fiber axons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:966636. [PMID: 36072566 PMCID: PMC9441593 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.966636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are classically thought of as electrically well isolated from other parts of the neurons due to the shape of a long cable-like structure. In contrast to this classical view on axonal compartmentalization, recent studies revealed that subthreshold depolarization of soma and dendrite passively propagates to the axons for a substantial distance, as demonstrated in some experimentally accessible axons including hippocampal mossy fibers and cortical pyramidal cell axons. Passive propagation of subthreshold dendritic EPSPs to the axons, defined as EPreSPs (excitatory presynaptic potentials), has been demonstrated to affect transmitter release from the axon terminals. To further characterize and explore the functional significance of passive subthreshold voltage signaling along the axons, the model of EPreSPs along hippocampal mossy fibers, proposed by Alle and Geiger, was reconstructed on the NEURON simulator. To test the effect of EPreSPs on action potentials and transmitter release from the axon terminals, additional conductances were incorporated into the previous passive propagation model. These include the axonal sodium, potassium, and leak channels as well as presynaptic calcium channels composed of P/Q-, N-, and R-types, which are reconstructed from the properties of those recorded from mossy fiber boutons experimentally. In this revised model, the preceding subthreshold EPreSPs slightly reduced the action potential-evoked presynaptic calcium currents by a decrease in the amplitude of action potentials due to the slow depolarization. It should be mentioned that EPreSPs by themselves elicited small calcium currents during subthreshold depolarization through these high-voltage activated calcium channels. Since the previous experimental study by simultaneous pre and postsynaptic recordings demonstrated that EPreSPs enhanced action potential-evoked transmitter release from the mossy fiber terminals, it has been suggested that different mechanisms from the enhancement of action potential-evoked presynaptic calcium entry may involve enhanced transmitter release by EPreSP. Small calcium entry by subthreshold EPreSPs may enhance transmitter release from the mossy fiber terminals by acting as high-affinity calcium sensors for enhancing transmitter release. Another form of axonal subthreshold voltage signaling, GABA-EPreSPs elicited by a spillover of GABA from surrounding interneurons, was also explored. Functional consequences of the two modes of axonal subthreshold voltage signaling were discussed with the simulation results.
Collapse
|
145
|
Xu J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Wang Z, Tang Q, Xu H, Liu Y. Memristors with Biomaterials for Biorealistic Neuromorphic Applications. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Chiu DN, Carter BC. Synaptic NMDA receptor activity at resting membrane potentials. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:916626. [PMID: 35928574 PMCID: PMC9345169 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.916626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are crucial for glutamatergic synaptic signaling in the mammalian central nervous system. When activated by glutamate and glycine/D-serine, the NMDAR ion channel can open, but current flux is further regulated by voltage-dependent block conferred by extracellular Mg2+ ions. The unique biophysical property of ligand- and voltage-dependence positions NMDARs as synaptic coincidence detectors, controlling a major source of synaptic Ca2+ influx. We measured synaptic currents in layer 2/3 neurons after stimulation in layer 4 of somatosensory cortex and found measurable NMDAR currents at all voltages tested. This NMDAR current did not require concurrent AMPAR depolarization. In physiological ionic conditions, the NMDAR current response at negative potentials was enhanced relative to ionic conditions typically used in slice experiments. NMDAR activity was also seen in synaptic recordings from hippocampal CA1 neurons, indicating a general property of NMDAR signaling. Using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, we measured responses to stimulation in layer 4 at individual synaptic sites, and Ca2+ influx could be detected even with AMPARs blocked. In current clamp recordings, we found that resting membrane potential was hyperpolarized by ∼7 mV and AP firing threshold depolarized by ∼4 mV in traditional compared to physiological ionic concentrations, and that NMDARs contribute to EPSPs at resting membrane potentials. These measurements demonstrate that, even in the presence of extracellular Mg2+ and absence of postsynaptic depolarization, NMDARs contribute to synaptic currents and Ca2+ influx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia N Chiu
- European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brett C Carter
- European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Nikitin ES, Balaban PM, Zaitsev AV. Prospects for Gene Therapy of Epilepsy Using Calcium-Acivated Potassium Channel Vectors. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
149
|
EbrahimAmini A, Stefanovic B, Carlen PL. Effects of In Vivo Intracellular ATP Modulation on Neocortical Extracellular Potassium Concentration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071568. [PMID: 35884873 PMCID: PMC9312484 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal and glial activity are dependent on the efflux of potassium ions into the extracellular space. Efflux of K is partly energy-dependent as the activity of pumps and channels which are involved in K transportation is ATP-dependent. In this study, we investigated the effect of decreased intracellular ATP concentration ([ATP]i) on the extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K]o). Using in vivo electrophysiological techniques, we measured neocortical [K]o and the local field potential (LFP) while [ATP]i was reduced through various pharmacological interventions. We observed that reducing [ATP]i led to raised [K]o and DC-shifts resembling spreading depolarization-like events. We proposed that most likely, the increased [K]o is mainly due to the impairment of the Na/K ATPase pump and the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in the absence of sufficient ATP, because Na/K ATPase inhibition led to increased [K]o and ATP-sensitive potassium channel impairment resulted in decreased [K]o. Therefore, an important consequence of decreased [ATP]i is an increased [K]o. The results of this study acknowledge one of the mechanisms involved in [K]o dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azin EbrahimAmini
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +647-648-6668
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Medical Biophysics, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Peter L. Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Olah VJ, Goettemoeller AM, Rayaprolu S, Dammer EB, Seyfried NT, Rangaraju S, Dimidschstein J, Rowan MJM. Biophysical Kv3 channel alterations dampen excitability of cortical PV interneurons and contribute to network hyperexcitability in early Alzheimer's. eLife 2022; 11:75316. [PMID: 35727131 PMCID: PMC9278953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a multitude of genetic risk factors and early biomarkers are known. Nevertheless, the causal factors responsible for initiating cognitive decline in AD remain controversial. Toxic plaques and tangles correlate with progressive neuropathology, yet disruptions in circuit activity emerge before their deposition in AD models and patients. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are potential candidates for dysregulating cortical excitability as they display altered action potential (AP) firing before neighboring excitatory neurons in prodromal AD. Here, we report a novel mechanism responsible for PV hypoexcitability in young adult familial AD mice. We found that biophysical modulation of Kv3 channels, but not changes in their mRNA or protein expression, were responsible for dampened excitability in young 5xFAD mice. These K+ conductances could efficiently regulate near-threshold AP firing, resulting in gamma-frequency-specific network hyperexcitability. Thus, biophysical ion channel alterations alone may reshape cortical network activity prior to changes in their expression levels. Our findings demonstrate an opportunity to design a novel class of targeted therapies to ameliorate cortical circuit hyperexcitability in early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor J Olah
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | | | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J M Rowan
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| |
Collapse
|