101
|
Bordhan P, Razavi Bazaz S, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Advances and enabling technologies for phase-specific cell cycle synchronisation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:445-462. [PMID: 35076046 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle synchronisation is the process of isolating cell populations at specific phases of the cell cycle from heterogeneous, asynchronous cell cultures. The process has important implications in targeted gene-editing and drug efficacy of cells and in studying cell cycle events and regulatory mechanisms involved in the cell cycle progression of multiple cell species. Ideally, cell cycle synchrony techniques should be applicable for all cell types, maintain synchrony across multiple cell cycle events, maintain cell viability and be robust against metabolic and physiological perturbations. In this review, we categorize cell cycle synchronisation approaches and discuss their operational principles and performance efficiencies. We highlight the advances and technological development trends from conventional methods to the more recent microfluidics-based systems. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for implementing high throughput cell synchronisation and provide future perspectives on synchronisation platforms, specifically hybrid cell synchrony modalities, to allow the highest level of phase-specific synchrony possible with minimal alterations in diverse types of cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Bordhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Hao N, Wang Z, Liu P, Becker R, Yang S, Yang K, Pei Z, Zhang P, Xia J, Shen L, Wang L, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Sanders L, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multimodal diagnostic system for Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113730. [PMID: 34736099 PMCID: PMC8643320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects tens of millions of older adults worldwide and has significant economic and societal impacts. Despite its prevalence and severity, early diagnosis of AD remains a considerable challenge. Here we report an integrated acoustofluidics-based diagnostic system (ADx), which combines triple functions of acoustics, microfluidics, and orthogonal biosensors for clinically accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of AD biomarkers from human plasma. We design and fabricate a surface acoustic wave-based acoustofluidic separation device to isolate and purify AD biomarkers to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Multimodal biosensors within the integrated ADx are fabricated by in-situ patterning of the ZnO nanorod array and deposition of Ag nanoparticles onto the ZnO nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical immunosensors. We obtain the label-free detections of SERS and electrochemical immunoassay of clinical plasma samples from AD patients and healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. We believe that this efficient integration provides promising solutions for the early diagnosis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | | | - Laurie Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Cheng J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Zhao W, Zhang L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Guo H, Li M, Zhao Y, Huang C. 3D spiral channels combined with flexible micro-sieve for high-throughput rare tumor cell enrichment and assay from clinical pleural effusion samples. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
104
|
Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
Collapse
|
105
|
Rich J, Tian Z, Huang TJ. Sonoporation: Past, Present, and Future. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 7:2100885. [PMID: 35399914 PMCID: PMC8992730 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A surge of research in intracellular delivery technologies is underway with the increased innovations in cell-based therapies and cell reprogramming. Particularly, physical cell membrane permeabilization techniques are highlighted as the leading technologies because of their unique features, including versatility, independence of cargo properties, and high-throughput delivery that is critical for providing the desired cell quantity for cell-based therapies. Amongst the physical permeabilization methods, sonoporation holds great promise and has been demonstrated for delivering a variety of functional cargos, such as biomolecular drugs, proteins, and plasmids, to various cells including cancer, immune, and stem cells. However, traditional bubble-based sonoporation methods usually require special contrast agents. Bubble-based sonoporation methods also have high chances of inducing irreversible damage to critical cell components, lowering the cell viability, and reducing the effectiveness of delivered cargos. To overcome these limitations, several novel non-bubble-based sonoporation mechanisms are under development. This review will cover both the bubble-based and non-bubble-based sonoporation mechanisms being employed for intracellular delivery, the technologies being investigated to overcome the limitations of traditional platforms, as well as perspectives on the future sonoporation mechanisms, technologies, and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Abedini-Nassab R, Emami SM, Nowghabi AN. Nanotechnology and Acoustics in Medicine and Biology. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 16:198-206. [PMID: 33913408 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210428134424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology plays an important role in various engineering fields, one of which is acoustics. METHOD Here, we review the use of nanotechnology in multiple acoustic-based bioapplications, with a focus on recent patents and advances. Nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanofilms used in acoustic devices are discussed. We cover ultrasonic transducers, biosensors, imaging tools, nanomotors, and particle sorters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The way these ideas help in fundamental disciplines such as medicine is shown. We believe the current work is a good collection of advances in the field.
Collapse
|
107
|
Wang Z, Rich J, Hao N, Gu Y, Chen C, Yang S, Zhang P, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics for simultaneous nanoparticle-based drug loading and exosome encapsulation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:45. [PMID: 35498337 PMCID: PMC9051122 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier and exosome encapsulation has been found to significantly increase the efficacy of targeted drug delivery while also minimizing unwanted side effects. However, the development of exosome-encapsulated drug nanocarriers is limited by low drug loading efficiencies and/or complex, time-consuming drug loading processes. Herein, we have developed an acoustofluidic device that simultaneously performs both drug loading and exosome encapsulation. By synergistically leveraging the acoustic radiation force, acoustic microstreaming, and shear stresses in a rotating droplet, the concentration, and fusion of exosomes, drugs, and porous silica nanoparticles is achieved. The final product consists of drug-loaded silica nanocarriers that are encased within an exosomal membrane. The drug loading efficiency is significantly improved, with nearly 30% of the free drug (e.g., doxorubicin) molecules loaded into the nanocarriers. Furthermore, this acoustofluidic drug loading system circumvents the need for complex chemical modification, allowing drug loading and encapsulation to be completed within a matter of minutes. These exosome-encapsulated nanocarriers exhibit excellent efficiency in intracellular transport and are capable of significantly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. By utilizing physical forces to rapidly generate hybrid nanocarriers, this acoustofluidic drug loading platform wields the potential to significantly impact innovation in both drug delivery research and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Xiang N, Ni Z. Hand-Powered Inertial Microfluidic Syringe-Tip Centrifuge. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:14. [PMID: 35049644 PMCID: PMC8774109 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Conventional sample preparation techniques require bulky and expensive instruments and are not compatible with next-generation point-of-care diagnostic testing. Here, we report a manually operated syringe-tip inertial microfluidic centrifuge (named i-centrifuge) for high-flow-rate (up to 16 mL/min) cell concentration and experimentally demonstrate its working mechanism and performance. Low-cost polymer films and double-sided tape were used through a rapid nonclean-room process of laser cutting and lamination bonding to construct the key components of the i-centrifuge, which consists of a syringe-tip flow stabilizer and a four-channel paralleled inertial microfluidic concentrator. The unstable liquid flow generated by the manual syringe was regulated and stabilized with the flow stabilizer to power inertial focusing in a four-channel paralleled concentrator. Finally, we successfully used our i-centrifuge for manually operated cell concentration. This i-centrifuge offers the advantages of low device cost, simple hand-powered operation, high-flow-rate processing, and portable device volume. Therefore, it holds potential as a low-cost, portable sample preparation tool for point-of-care diagnostic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Mazalan MB, Noor AM, Wahab Y, Yahud S, Zaman WSWK. Current Development in Interdigital Transducer (IDT) Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Live Cell In Vitro Studies: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010030. [PMID: 35056195 PMCID: PMC8779155 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustics have a wide range of uses, from noise-cancelling to ultrasonic imaging. There has been a surge in interest in developing acoustic-based approaches for biological and biomedical applications in the last decade. This review focused on the application of surface acoustic waves (SAW) based on interdigital transducers (IDT) for live-cell investigations, such as cell manipulation, cell separation, cell seeding, cell migration, cell characteristics, and cell behaviours. The approach is also known as acoustofluidic, because the SAW device is coupled with a microfluidic system that contains live cells. This article provides an overview of several forms of IDT of SAW devices on recently used cells. Conclusively, a brief viewpoint and overview of the future application of SAW techniques in live-cell investigations were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazlee Bin Mazalan
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (W.S.W.K.Z.)
| | - Anas Mohd Noor
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yufridin Wahab
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuhaida Yahud
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (W.S.W.K.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Nair MP, Teo AJT, Li KHH. Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 35056189 PMCID: PMC8779171 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has gained primary attention in the past decade, where label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation platforms are integrated to realize such LOC devices. Among the multitude of technologies that enables the successful integration of these two features, the piezoelectric acoustic wave method is best suited for handling biological samples due to biocompatibility, label-free and non-invasive properties. In this review paper, we present a study on the use of acoustic waves generated by piezoelectric materials in the area of label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation towards the realization of LOC and POC devices. The categorization of acoustic wave technology into the bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave has been considered with the inclusion of biological sample sensing and manipulation applications. This paper presents an approach with a comprehensive study on the fundamental operating principles of acoustic waves in biosensing and microfluidic actuation, acoustic wave modes suitable for sensing and actuation, piezoelectric materials used for acoustic wave generation, fabrication methods, and challenges in the use of acoustic wave modes in biosensing. Recent developments in the past decade, in various sensing potentialities of acoustic waves in a myriad of applications, including sensing of proteins, disease biomarkers, DNA, pathogenic microorganisms, acoustofluidic manipulation, and the sorting of biological samples such as cells, have been given primary focus. An insight into the future perspectives of real-time, label-free, and portable LOC devices utilizing acoustic waves is also presented. The developments in the field of thin-film piezoelectric materials, with the possibility of integrating sensing and actuation on a single platform utilizing the reversible property of smart piezoelectric materials, provide a step forward in the realization of monolithic integrated LOC and POC devices. Finally, the present paper highlights the key benefits and challenges in terms of commercialization, in the field of acoustic wave-based biosensors and actuation platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.P.N.); (A.J.T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Aptamer grafted nanoparticle as targeted therapeutic tool for the treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112530. [PMID: 34915416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinomas repeat their number and grow exponentially making it extremely frequent malignancy among women. Approximately, 70-80% of early diagnosed or non-metastatic conditions are treatable while the metastatic cases are considered ineffective to treat with current ample amount of therapy. Target based anti-cancer treatment has been in the limelight for decades and is perceived significant consideration of scientists. Aptamers are the 'coming of age' therapeutic approach, selected using an appropriate tool from the library of sequences. Aptamers are non-immunogenic, stable, and high-affinity ligand which are poised to reach the clinical benchmark. With the heed in nanoparticle application, the delivery of aptamer to the specific site could be enhanced which also protects them from nuclease degradation. Moreover, nanoparticles due to robust structure, high drug entrapment, and modifiable release of cargo could serve as a successful candidate in the treatment of breast carcinoma. This review would showcase the method and modified method of selection of aptamers, aptamers that were able to make its way towards clinical trial and their targetability and selectivity towards breast cancers. The appropriate usage of aptamer-based biosensor in breast cancer diagnosis have also been discussed.
Collapse
|
112
|
Ugawa M, Lee H, Baasch T, Lee M, Kim S, Jeong O, Choi YH, Sohn D, Laurell T, Ota S, Lee S. Reduced acoustic resonator dimensions improve focusing efficiency of bacteria and submicron particles. Analyst 2021; 147:274-281. [PMID: 34889326 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01891d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic device that enables single-file focusing of submicron particles and bacteria using a two-dimensional (2D) acoustic standing wave. The device consists of a 100 μm × 100 μm square channel that supports 2D particle focusing in the channel center at an actuation frequency of 7.39 MHz. This higher actuation frequency compared with conventional bulk acoustic systems enables radiation-force-dominant motion of submicron particles and overcomes the classical size limitation (≈2 μm) of acoustic focusing. We present acoustic radiation force-based focusing of particles with diameters less than 0.5 μm at a flow rate of 12 μL min-1, and 1.33 μm particles at flow rates up to 80 μL min-1. The device focused 0.25 μm particles by the 2D acoustic radiation force while undergoing a channel cross-section centered, single-vortex acoustic streaming. A suspension of bacteria was also investigated to evaluate the biological relevance of the device, which demonstrated the alignment of bacteria in the channel at a flow rate of up to 20 μL min-1. The developed acoustofluidic device can align submicron particles within a narrow flow stream in a highly robust manner, validating its use as a flow-through focusing chamber to perform high-throughput and accurate flow cytometry of submicron objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ugawa
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Thierry Baasch
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Minho Lee
- School of integrative engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Soyun Kim
- Convergence Research Institute, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Korea.,PCL Inc., 05854, Seoul, Korea
| | - OkChan Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea
| | | | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadao Ota
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - SangWook Lee
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan. .,Bio-health Product Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Immuno-Acoustic Sorting of Disease-Specific Extracellular Vesicles by Acoustophoretic Force. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121534. [PMID: 34945384 PMCID: PMC8709371 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the isolation and analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively explored in the field of life science and in clinical diagnosis in recent years. The separation and efficient recovery of high-purity target EVs from biological samples are important prerequisites in the study of EVs. So far, commonly used methods of EV separation include ultracentrifugation, filtration, solvent precipitation and immunoaffinity capturing. However, these methods suffer from long processing time, EV damage and low enrichment efficiency. The use of acoustophoretic force facilitates the non-contact label-free manipulation of cells based on their size and compressibility but lacks specificity. Additionally, the acoustophoretic force exerted on sub-micron substances is normally weak and insufficient for separation. Here we present a novel immuno-acoustic sorting technology, where biological substances such as EVs, viruses, and biomolecules, can be specifically captured by antibody/receptor coated microparticles through immunoaffinity, and manipulated by an acoustophoretic force exerted on the microparticles. Using immuno-acoustic sorting technology, we successfully separated and purified HER2-positive EVs for further downstream analysis. This method holds great potential in isolating and purifying specific targets such as disease-related EVs from biological fluids and opens new possibilities for the EV-based early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases.
Collapse
|
114
|
Akkoyun F, Gucluer S, Ozcelik A. Potential of the acoustic micromanipulation technologies for biomedical research. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061301. [PMID: 34849184 PMCID: PMC8616630 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic micromanipulation technologies are a set of versatile tools enabling unparalleled micromanipulation capabilities. Several characteristics put the acoustic micromanipulation technologies ahead of most of the other tweezing methods. For example, acoustic tweezers can be adapted as non-invasive platforms to handle single cells gently or as probes to stimulate or damage tissues. Besides, the nature of the interactions of acoustic waves with solids and liquids eliminates labeling requirements. Considering the importance of highly functional tools in biomedical research for empowering important discoveries, acoustic micromanipulation can be valuable for researchers in biology and medicine. Herein, we discuss the potential of acoustic micromanipulation technologies from technical and application points of view in biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adem Ozcelik
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Ning S, Liu S, Xiao Y, Zhang G, Cui W, Reed M. A microfluidic chip with a serpentine channel enabling high-throughput cell separation using surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4608-4617. [PMID: 34763349 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As an acute inflammatory response, sepsis may cause septic shock and multiple organ failure. Rapid and reliable detection of pathogens from blood samples can promote early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. However, traditional pathogen detection methods rely on bacterial blood culture, which is complex and time-consuming. Although pre-separation of bacteria from blood can help with the identification of pathogens for diagnosis, the required low-velocity fluid environment of most separation techniques greatly limits the processing capacity for blood samples. Here, we present an acoustofluidic device for high-throughput bacterial separation from human blood cells. Our device utilizes a serpentine microfluidic design and standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs), and separates bacteria from blood cells effectively based on their size difference. The serpentine microstructure allows the operating distance of the acoustic field to be multiplied in a limited chip size via the "spatial multiplexing" and "pressure node matching" of SSAW field. Microscopic observation and flow cytometry analysis shows that the device is helpful in improving the flow rate (2.6 μL min-1 for blood samples; the corresponding velocity is ∼3 cm s-1) without losing separation purity or cell recovery. The serpentine microfluidic design provides a compatible solution for high-throughput separation, which can synergize with other functional designs to improve device performance. Further, its advantages such as low cost, high biocompatibility, label-free separation and ability to integrate with on-chip biosensors are promising for clinical utility in point-of-care diagnostic platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Ning
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuchang Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunjie Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyu Zhang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mark Reed
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Hassanpour Tamrin S, Sanati Nezhad A, Sen A. Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17047-17079. [PMID: 34723478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived structures packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They exist in diverse bodily fluids and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Although their potential for clinical application as diagnostic and therapeutic tools has been revealed, a huge bottleneck impeding the development of applications in the rapidly burgeoning field of exosome research is an inability to efficiently isolate pure exosomes from other unwanted components present in bodily fluids. To date, several approaches have been proposed and investigated for exosome separation, with the leading candidate being microfluidic technology due to its relative simplicity, cost-effectiveness, precise and fast processing at the microscale, and amenability to automation. Notably, avoiding the need for exosome labeling represents a significant advance in terms of process simplicity, time, and cost as well as protecting the biological activities of exosomes. Despite the exciting progress in microfluidic strategies for exosome isolation and the countless benefits of label-free approaches for clinical applications, current microfluidic platforms for isolation of exosomes are still facing a series of problems and challenges that prevent their use for clinical sample processing. This review focuses on the recent microfluidic platforms developed for label-free isolation of exosomes including those based on sieving, deterministic lateral displacement, field flow, and pinched flow fractionation as well as viscoelastic, acoustic, inertial, electrical, and centrifugal forces. Further, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of these strategies with highlights of current challenges and outlook of label-free microfluidics toward the clinical utility of exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Xu X, Huang X, Sun J, Wang R, Yao J, Han W, Wei M, Chen J, Guo J, Sun L, Yin M. Recent progress of inertial microfluidic-based cell separation. Analyst 2021; 146:7070-7086. [PMID: 34761757 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation has consistently been a pivotal technology of sample preparation in biomedical research. Compared with conventional bulky cell separation technologies applied in the clinic, cell separation based on microfluidics can accurately manipulate the displacement of liquid or cells at the microscale, which has great potential in point-of-care testing (POCT) applications due to small device size, low cost, low sample consumption, and high operating accuracy. Among various microfluidic cell separation technologies, inertial microfluidics has attracted great attention due to its simple structure and high throughput. In recent years, many researchers have explored the principles and applications of inertial microfluidics and developed different channel structures, including straight channels, curved channels, and multistage channels. However, the recently developed multistage channels have not been discussed and classified in detail compared with more widely discussed straight and curved channels. Therefore, in this review, a comprehensive and detailed review of recent progress in the multistage channel is presented. According to the channel structure, the inertial microfluidic separation technology is divided into (i) straight channel, (ii) curved channel, (iii) composite channel, and (iv) integrated device. The structural development of straight and curved channels is discussed in detail. And based on straight and curved channels, the multistage cell separation structures are reviewed, with a special focus on a variety of latest structures and related innovations of composite and integrated channels. Finally, the future prospects for the existing challenges in the development of inertial microfluidic cell separation technology are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Renjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiangfan Yao
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Wentao Han
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Maoyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ming Yin
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Choe SW, Kim B, Kim M. Progress of Microfluidic Continuous Separation Techniques for Micro-/Nanoscale Bioparticles. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:464. [PMID: 34821680 PMCID: PMC8615634 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Separation of micro- and nano-sized biological particles, such as cells, proteins, and nucleotides, is at the heart of most biochemical sensing/analysis, including in vitro biosensing, diagnostics, drug development, proteomics, and genomics. However, most of the conventional particle separation techniques are based on membrane filtration techniques, whose efficiency is limited by membrane characteristics, such as pore size, porosity, surface charge density, or biocompatibility, which results in a reduction in the separation efficiency of bioparticles of various sizes and types. In addition, since other conventional separation methods, such as centrifugation, chromatography, and precipitation, are difficult to perform in a continuous manner, requiring multiple preparation steps with a relatively large minimum sample volume is necessary for stable bioprocessing. Recently, microfluidic engineering enables more efficient separation in a continuous flow with rapid processing of small volumes of rare biological samples, such as DNA, proteins, viruses, exosomes, and even cells. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances in microfluidic separation of micro-/nano-sized bioparticles by summarizing the physical principles behind the separation system and practical examples of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-woon Choe
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea;
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea
| | - Bumjoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 1223-24, Korea;
- Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 1223-24, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Zhong R, Yang S, Ugolini GS, Naquin T, Zhang J, Yang K, Xia J, Konry T, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Droplet Sorter Based on Single Phase Focused Transducers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103848. [PMID: 34658129 PMCID: PMC8686687 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has revolutionized the biomedical and drug development fields by allowing for independent microenvironments to conduct drug screening at the single cell level. However, current microfluidic sorting devices suffer from drawbacks such as high voltage requirements (e.g., >200 Vpp), low biocompatibility, and/or low throughput. In this article, a single-phase focused transducer (SPFT)-based acoustofluidic chip is introduced, which outperforms many microfluidic droplet sorting devices through high energy transmission efficiency, high accuracy, and high biocompatibility. The SPFT-based sorter can be driven with an input power lower than 20 Vpp and maintain a postsorting cell viability of 93.5%. The SPFT sorter can achieve a throughput over 1000 events per second and a sorting purity up to 99.2%. The SPFT sorter is utilized here for the screening of doxorubicin cytotoxicity on cancer and noncancer cells, proving its drug screening capability. Overall, the SPFT droplet sorting device shows great potential for fast, precise, and biocompatible drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Giovanni Stefano Ugolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Ty Naquin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Mustafa A, Pedone E, Marucci L, Moschou D, Lorenzo MD. A flow-through microfluidic chip for continuous dielectrophoretic separation of viable and non-viable human T-cells. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:501-508. [PMID: 34717293 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective methods for rapid sorting of cells according to their viability are critical in T cells based therapies to prevent any risk to patients. In this context, we present a novel microfluidic device that continuously separates viable and non-viable T-cells according to their dielectric properties. A dielectrophoresis (DEP) force is generated by an array of castellated microelectrodes embedded into a microfluidic channel with a single inlet and two outlets; cells subjected to positive DEP forces are drawn toward the electrodes array and leave from the top outlet, those subjected to negative DEP forces are repelled away from the electrodes and leave from the bottom outlet. Computational fluid dynamics is used to predict the device separation efficacy, according to the applied alternative current (AC) frequency, at which the cells move from/to a negative/positive DEP region and the ionic strength of the suspension medium. The model is used to support the design of the operational conditions, confirming a separation efficiency, in terms of purity, of 96% under an applied AC frequency of 1.5 × 106 Hz and a flow rate of 20 μl/h. This work represents the first example of effective continuous sorting of viable and non-viable human T-cells in a single-inlet microfluidic chip, paving the way for lab-on-a-chip applications at the point of need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Current address: Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Despina Moschou
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Dubay R, Urban JN, Darling EM. Single-Cell Microgels for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2009946. [PMID: 36329867 PMCID: PMC9629779 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within hydrogel droplets is transforming what is feasible in multiple fields of biomedical science such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro modeling, and cell-based therapies. Recent advances have allowed researchers to miniaturize material encapsulation complexes down to single-cell scales, where each complex, termed a single-cell microgel, contains only one cell surrounded by a hydrogel matrix while remaining <100 μm in size. With this achievement, studies requiring single-cell resolution are now possible, similar to those done using liquid droplet encapsulation. Of particular note, applications involving long-term in vitro cultures, modular bioinks, high-throughput screenings, and formation of 3D cellular microenvironments can be tuned independently to suit the needs of individual cells and experimental goals. In this progress report, an overview of established materials and techniques used to fabricate single-cell microgels, as well as insight into potential alternatives is provided. This focused review is concluded by discussing applications that have already benefited from single-cell microgel technologies, as well as prospective applications on the cusp of achieving important new capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dubay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Draper, 555 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph N Urban
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zhuang P, Chiang YH, Fernanda MS, He M. Using Spheroids as Building Blocks Towards 3D Bioprinting of Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:444. [PMID: 34805601 PMCID: PMC8600307 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still ranks as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to anticancer therapeutics, progress is still slow, partially due to the absence of robust prediction models. Multicellular tumor spheroids, as a major three-dimensional (3D) culture model exhibiting features of avascular tumors, gained great popularity in pathophysiological studies and high throughput drug screening. However, limited control over cellular and structural organization is still the key challenge in achieving in vivo like tissue microenvironment. 3D bioprinting has made great strides toward tissue/organ mimicry, due to its outstanding spatial control through combining both cells and materials, scalability, and reproducibility. Prospectively, harnessing the power from both 3D bioprinting and multicellular spheroids would likely generate more faithful tumor models and advance our understanding on the mechanism of tumor progression. In this review, the emerging concept on using spheroids as a building block in 3D bioprinting for tumor modeling is illustrated. We begin by describing the context of the tumor microenvironment, followed by an introduction of various methodologies for tumor spheroid formation, with their specific merits and drawbacks. Thereafter, we present an overview of existing 3D printed tumor models using spheroids as a focus. We provide a compilation of the contemporary literature sources and summarize the overall advancements in technology and possibilities of using spheroids as building blocks in 3D printed tissue modeling, with a particular emphasis on tumor models. Future outlooks about the wonderous advancements of integrated 3D spheroidal printing conclude this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | | | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Wu Y, Stewart AG, Lee PVS. High-throughput microfluidic compressibility cytometry using multi-tilted-angle surface acoustic wave. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2812-2824. [PMID: 34109338 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular mechanical properties (e.g. compressibility) are important biophysical markers in relation to cellular processes and functionality. Among the methods for cell mechanical measurement, acoustofluidic methods appear to be advantageous due to tunability, biocompatibility and acousto-mechanical nature. However, the previous acoustofluidic methods were limited in throughput and number of measurements. In this study, we developed a high-throughput microfluidic compressibility cytometry approach using multi-tilted-angle surface acoustic wave, which can provide thousands of single-cell compressibility measurements within minutes. The compressibility cytometer was constructed to drag microparticles or cells towards the microfluidic channel sidewall at different segments based on their biophysical properties (such as size and compressibility), as a result of the varied balance between acoustics and flow. Mathematical analysis and computational simulation revealed that the compressibility of a cell could be estimated from the position of collision with the sidewall. Microbeads of different materials and sizes were experimentally tested to validate the simulation and to demonstrate the capability to characterise size and compressibility. MDA MB231 cells, of the triple negative breast cancer subtype, were treated with the microtubule disrupting agent colchicine which increased compressibility and treated with the actin disrupting agent cytochalasin B which increased cell size but did not change compressibility. Moreover, the highly metastatic variant MDA MB231 LNm5 cell line showed increased compressibility compared to the parent MDA MB231 cells, indicating the potential utility of high-throughput mechanophenotyping for tumour cell characterisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Hoque SZ, Nath A, Sen AK. Dynamical motion of a pair of microparticles at the acoustic pressure nodal plane under the combined effect of axial primary radiation and interparticle forces. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:307. [PMID: 34340505 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical motion of a pair of microparticles exposed to acoustic standing waves and located at the pressure nodal plane is studied using numerical simulations and experiments. The insight into their dynamical behavior along the pressure nodal plane due to the competition between the axial primary radiation and interparticle forces is elucidated. An expression for axial primary radiation force acting on a particle is derived, and the particle dynamics is simulated using fluid-structure interaction model based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Considering the total radiation force acting on a particle is the sum of the axial primary radiation force and the interparticle force, three distinct dynamical regimes are observed depending upon the relative magnitudes of the acoustic forces which in turn depend on the gradient of the acoustic energy density. Acceleration, deceleration, and constant velocity motion of the pair of approaching particles are observed, which are explained by the interplay of the acoustic and non-acoustic forces. The dynamical motion of the pair of particles predicted using the model is in very good agreement with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Z Hoque
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A Nath
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A K Sen
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ding L, Yang X, Gao Z, Effah CY, Zhang X, Wu Y, Qu L. A Holistic Review of the State-of-the-Art Microfluidics for Exosome Separation: An Overview of the Current Status, Existing Obstacles, and Future Outlook. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007174. [PMID: 34047052 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm), are secreted by almost all types of cells into virtually all body fluids. These small vesicles are attracting increasing research attention owing to their potential for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and the complexity of bio-fluids pose significant challenges for their isolation. Even the "gold standard," differential centrifugation, suffers from poor yields and is time-consuming. In this context, recent developments in microfluidic technologies have provided an ideal system for exosome extraction and these devices exhibit some fascinating properties such as high speeds, good portability, and low sample volumes. In this review, the focus is on the state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies for exosome isolation and highlight potential directions for future research and development by analyzing the challenges faced by the current strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zibo Gao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Clement Yaw Effah
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
3D numerical simulation of acoustophoretic motion induced by boundary-driven acoustic streaming in standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13326. [PMID: 34172758 PMCID: PMC8233446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) have been widely utilized in microfluidic devices to manipulate various cells and micro/nano-objects. Despite widespread application, a time-/cost-efficient versatile 3D model that predicts particle behavior in such platforms is still lacking. Herein, a fully-coupled 3D numerical simulation of boundary-driven acoustic streaming in the acoustofluidic devices utilizing SSAWs has been conducted based on the limiting velocity finite element method. Through this efficient computational method, the underlying physical interplay from the electromechanical fields of the piezoelectric substrate to different acoustofluidic effects (acoustic radiation force and streaming-induced drag force), fluid–solid interactions, the 3D influence of novel on-chip configuration like tilted-angle SSAW (taSSAW) based devices, required boundary conditions, meshing technique, and demanding computational cost, are discussed. As an experimental validation, a taSSAW platform fabricated on YX 128 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^\circ $$\end{document}∘ LiNbO3 substrate for separating polystyrene beads is simulated, which demonstrates acceptable agreement with reported experimental observations. Subsequently, as an application of the presented 3D model, a novel sheathless taSSAW cell/particle separator is conceptualized and designed. The presented 3D fully-coupled model could be considered a powerful tool in further designing and optimizing SSAW microfluidics due to the more time-/cost-efficient performance than precedented 3D models, the capability to model complex on-chip configurations, and overcome shortcomings and limitations of 2D simulations.
Collapse
|
127
|
Kwizera EA, Sun M, White AM, Li J, He X. Methods of Generating Dielectrophoretic Force for Microfluidic Manipulation of Bioparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2043-2063. [PMID: 33871975 PMCID: PMC8205986 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of microscale bioparticles including living cells is of great significance to the broad bioengineering and biotechnology fields. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is defined as the interactions between dielectric particles and the electric field, is one of the most widely used techniques for the manipulation of bioparticles including cell separation, sorting, and trapping. Bioparticles experience a DEP force if they have a different polarization from the surrounding media in an electric field that is nonuniform in terms of the intensity and/or phase of the electric field. A comprehensive literature survey shows that the DEP-based microfluidic devices for manipulating bioparticles can be categorized according to the methods of creating the nonuniformity via patterned microchannels, electrodes, and media to generate the DEP force. These methods together with the theory of DEP force generation are described in this review, to provide a summary of the methods and materials that have been used to manipulate various bioparticles for various specific biological outcomes. Further developments of DEP-based technologies include identifying materials that better integrate with electrodes than current popular materials (silicone/glass) and improving the performance of DEP manipulation of bioparticles by combining it with other methods of handling bioparticles. Collectively, DEP-based microfluidic manipulation of bioparticles holds great potential for various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyahb A. Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mingrui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alisa M. White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Chen YS, Lai CPK, Chen C, Lee GB. Isolation and recovery of extracellular vesicles using optically-induced dielectrophoresis on an integrated microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1475-1483. [PMID: 33730143 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-released, membrane-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as a means of intercellular communication by delivering bioactive cargos including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. EVs have been widely used for a variety of biomedical applications such as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and drug delivery vehicles for therapy. Herein, this study reports a novel method for label-free, contact-free isolation and recovery of EVs via optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) on a pneumatically-driven microfluidic platform with minimal human intervention. At an optimal driving frequency of 20 kHz and a voltage of 20 Vpp, an ODEP force from a 75 μm moving light beam was characterized to be 23.5-97.7 fN in 0.2 M sucrose solution. Furthermore, rapid enrichment of EVs with a small volume of only 27 pL in 32 s achieved an increase of 272-fold by dynamically shrinking circular light patterns. Moreover, EVs could be automatically isolated and recovered within 25 min, while achieving a releasing efficiency of 99.8% and a recovery rate of 52.2% by using an integrated microfluidics-based optically-induced EV isolation (OIEV) platform. Given the capacity of label-free, contact-free EV isolation, and automatic, easy-releasing EV recovery, this integrated OIEV platform provides a unique approach for EV-based disease diagnosis and drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sin Chen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan and Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan and Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chihchen Chen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. and Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. and Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Liu Z, Xu G, Ni Z, Chen X, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D. Theory of acoustophoresis in counterpropagating surface acoustic wave fields for particle separation. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:033104. [PMID: 33862812 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.033104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acousotophoretic particle separations in counterpropagating surface acoustic wave (SAW) fields, e.g., standing SAWs (SSAWs), phase modulated SSAWs, tilted angle SSAWs, and partial standing SAWs, have proven successful. But there still lacks analytical tools for predicting the particle trajectory and optimizing the device designs. Here, we study the acoustophoresis of spherical Rayleigh particles in counterpropagating SAW fields and find that particle motions can be characterized into two distinct modes, the drift mode and the locked mode. Through theoretical studies, we provide analytical expressions of particle trajectories in different fields and different moving patterns. Based on these, we obtain theory-based protocols for designing such SAW acoustofluidic particle separation chips, which are demonstrated through finite-element simulations. The results here provide theoretical guidelines for designing high throughput and high efficiency particle separation devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guangyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengyang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xizhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China and The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China and The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Özer MB, Çetin B. An extended view for acoustofluidic particle manipulation: Scenarios for actuation modes and device resonance phenomenon for bulk-acoustic-wave devices. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2802. [PMID: 33940873 DOI: 10.1121/10.0004778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For the manipulation of microparticles, ultrasonic devices, which employ acoustophoretic forces, have become an essential tool. There exists a widely used analytical expression in the literature which does not account for the effect of the geometry and acoustic properties of the chip material to calculate the acoustophoretic force and resonance frequencies. In this study, we propose an analytical relationship that includes the effect of the chip material on the resonance frequencies of an acoustophoretic chip. Similar to the analytical equation in the literature, this approach also assumes plane wave propagation. The relationship is simplified to a form which introduces a correction term to the acoustophoretic force equation for the presence of the chip material. The proposed equations reveal that the effect of the chip material on the resonance frequency is significant-and is called the device resonance-for acoustically soft materials. The relationship between the actuation modes of the piezoelectric actuator(s) and position of the nodal lines inside the channel are discussed. Finite element simulations are performed to verify the proposed equations. Simulations showed that even if some of the assumptions in the derivations are removed, the general conclusions about the motion of the microparticles are still valid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bülent Özer
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Çetin
- Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Kraus D, Kleiber A, Ehrhardt E, Leifheit M, Horbert P, Urban M, Gleichmann N, Mayer G, Popp J, Henkel T. Three step flow focusing enables image-based discrimination and sorting of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249192. [PMID: 33780476 PMCID: PMC8007022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Label-free and gentle separation of cell stages with desired target properties from mixed stage populations are a major research task in modern biotechnological cultivation process and optimization of micro algae. The reported microfluidic sorter system (MSS) allows the subsequent investigation of separated subpopulations. The implementation of a viability preserving MSS is shown for separation of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) cells form a mixed stage population. The MSS combines a three-step flow focusing unit for aligning the cells in single file transportation mode at the center of the microfluidic channel with a pure hydrodynamic sorter structure for cell sorting. Lateral displacement of the cells into one of the two outlet channels is generated by piezo-actuated pump chambers. In-line decision making for sorting is based on a user-definable set of image features and properties. The reported MSS significantly increased the purity of target cells in the sorted population (94%) in comparison to the initial mixed stage population (19%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kraus
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Ehrhardt
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V. (GMBU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Leifheit
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V. (GMBU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Horbert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter Mayer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Malhotra S, Amin ZM, Dobhal G, Cottam S, Nann T, Goreham RV. Novel devices for isolation and detection of bacterial and mammalian extracellular vesicles. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:139. [PMID: 33772384 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are spherical nanoparticles inherently released by almost all cell types. They acquire the cell's membrane and cytoplasmic characteristics offering abundant identical units that can be captured to recognize the cell of origin. The abundance of vital cell information and multifunctional roles in cellular processes has rendered them attention, particularly as promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and use in potential drug delivery systems. This review provides insights into standard approaches towards cultivation and isolation of mammalian and bacterial extracellular vesicles. We assess gaps in conventional separation and detection technologies while also tracking developments in ongoing research. The review focuses on highlighting alternative state-of-the-art microfluidic devices that offer avenues for fast, cost-effective, precision-oriented capture and sensing of extracellular vesicles. Combining different detection technologies on an integrated "lab-on-a-chip" system has the prospective to provide customizable opportunities for clinical use of extracellular vesicles in disease diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiana Malhotra
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Zarinah M Amin
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Garima Dobhal
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Sophie Cottam
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Thomas Nann
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Renee V Goreham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Jiang R, Agrawal S, Aghaamoo M, Parajuli R, Agrawal A, Lee AP. Rapid isolation of circulating cancer associated fibroblasts by acoustic microstreaming for assessing metastatic propensity of breast cancer patients. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:875-887. [PMID: 33351008 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a label free and high-throughput microbubble-based acoustic microstreaming technique to isolate rare circulating cells such as circulating cancer associated fibroblasts (cCAFs) in addition to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and immune cells (i.e. leukocytes) from clinically diagnosed patients with a capture efficiency of 94% while preserving cell functional integrity within 8 minutes. The microfluidic device is self-pumping and was optimized to increase flow rate and achieve near perfect capturing of rare cells enabled by having a trapping capacity above the acoustic vortex saturation concentration threshold. Our approach enables rapid isolation of CTCs, cCAFs and their associated clusters from blood samples of cancer patients at different stages. By examining the combined role of cCAFs and CTCs in early cancer onset and metastasis progression, the device accurately diagnoses both cancer and the metastatic propensity of breast cancer patients. This was confirmed by flow cytometry where we observed that metastatic breast cancer blood samples had significantly higher percentage of exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), higher number of CD4+ T regulatory cells and T helper cells. We show for the first time that our lateral cavity acoustic transducers (LCATs)-based approach can thus be developed into a metastatic propensity assay for clinical usage by elucidating cancer immunological responses and the complex relationships between CTCs and its companion tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Jiang
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Ritesh Parajuli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Abraham P Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Wang Z, Wang H, Becker R, Rufo J, Yang S, Mace BE, Wu M, Zou J, Laskowitz DT, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic separation enables early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury based on circulating exosomes. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34567734 PMCID: PMC8433131 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of morbidity and mortality. Initial management and risk stratification of patients with TBI is made difficult by the relative insensitivity of screening radiographic studies as well as by the absence of a widely available, noninvasive diagnostic biomarker. In particular, a blood-based biomarker assay could provide a quick and minimally invasive process to stratify risk and guide early management strategies in patients with mild TBI (mTBI). Analysis of circulating exosomes allows the potential for rapid and specific identification of tissue injury. By applying acoustofluidic exosome separation-which uses a combination of microfluidics and acoustics to separate bioparticles based on differences in size and acoustic properties-we successfully isolated exosomes from plasma samples obtained from mice after TBI. Acoustofluidic isolation eliminated interference from other blood components, making it possible to detect exosomal biomarkers for TBI via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that exosomal biomarkers for TBI increase in the first 24 h following head trauma, indicating the potential of using circulating exosomes for the rapid diagnosis of TBI. Elevated levels of TBI biomarkers were only detected in the samples separated via acoustofluidics; no changes were observed in the analysis of the raw plasma sample. This finding demonstrated the necessity of sample purification prior to exosomal biomarker analysis. Since acoustofluidic exosome separation can easily be integrated with downstream analysis methods, it shows great potential for improving early diagnosis and treatment decisions associated with TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Haichen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Brian E. Mace
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840 USA
| | | | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Gopalakrishnan S, Pan S, Fernandez A, Lee J, Bai Y, Wang LS, Thayumanavan S, Duan X, Rotello VM. Hypersound-Assisted Size Sorting of Microparticles on Inkjet-Patterned Protein Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2826-2832. [PMID: 33577731 PMCID: PMC10590123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic approaches are important for biomedical diagnostics, chemical analysis, and a broad range of industrial applications. Size-based separation and sorting is an important tool for these applications. We report the integration of hypersound technology with patterned protein films to provide efficient sorting of microparticles based on particle charge and size. We employed a hypersonic resonator for the acoustic streaming of the fluidic system to generate microvortices that exert drag forces on the objects on the surface that are dictated by their radius of curvature. We demonstrate a size-based sorting of anionic silica particles using protein patterns and gradients fabricated using attractive cationic and repulsive anionic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuting Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Broman A, Lenshof A, Evander M, Happonen L, Ku A, Malmström J, Laurell T. Multinodal Acoustic Trapping Enables High Capacity and High Throughput Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles and Microparticles in miRNA and MS Proteomics Studies. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3929-3937. [PMID: 33592145 PMCID: PMC8023533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new design of an acoustophoretic trapping device with significantly increased capacity and throughput, compared to current commercial acoustic trapping systems. Acoustic trapping enables nanoparticle and extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment without ultracentrifugation. Current commercial acoustic trapping technology uses an acoustic single-node resonance and typically operates at flow rates <50 μL/min, which limits the processing of the larger samples. Here, we use a larger capillary that supports an acoustic multinode resonance, which increased the seed particle capacity 40 times and throughput 25-40 times compared to single-node systems. The resulting increase in capacity and throughput was demonstrated by isolation of nanogram amounts of microRNA from acoustically trapped urinary EVs within 10 min. Additionally, the improved trapping performance enabled isolation of extracellular vesicles for downstream mass spectrometry analysis. This was demonstrated by the differential protein abundance profiling of urine samples (1-3 mL), derived from the non-trapped versus trapped urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Broman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anson Ku
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Chen C, Gu Y, Philippe J, Zhang P, Bachman H, Zhang J, Mai J, Rufo J, Rawls JF, Davis EE, Katsanis N, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic rotational tweezing enables high-speed contactless morphological phenotyping of zebrafish larvae. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1118. [PMID: 33602914 PMCID: PMC7892888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern biomedical research and preclinical pharmaceutical development rely heavily on the phenotyping of small vertebrate models for various diseases prior to human testing. In this article, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic rotational tweezing platform that enables contactless, high-speed, 3D multispectral imaging and digital reconstruction of zebrafish larvae for quantitative phenotypic analysis. The acoustic-induced polarized vortex streaming achieves contactless and rapid (~1 s/rotation) rotation of zebrafish larvae. This enables multispectral imaging of the zebrafish body and internal organs from different viewing perspectives. Moreover, we develop a 3D reconstruction pipeline that yields accurate 3D models based on the multi-view images for quantitative evaluation of basic morphological characteristics and advanced combinations of metrics. With its contactless nature and advantages in speed and automation, our acoustofluidic rotational tweezing system has the potential to be a valuable asset in numerous fields, especially for developmental biology, small molecule screening in biochemistry, and pre-clinical drug development in pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julien Philippe
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Abstract
Exosomes contain cargoes of proteins, lipids, micro-ribonucleic acids, and functional messenger RNAs, and they play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and hold valuable information about biological processes such as disease pathology. To harvest their potentials in disease diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics, exosome isolation is a crucial first step in providing pure and intact samples for both research and clinical purposes. Unfortunately, conventional methods for exosome separation suffer from low purity, low capture efficiency, long processing time, large sample volume requirement, the need for dedicated equipment and trained personnel, and high cost. In the last decade, microfluidic devices, especially those that incorporate nanostructures, have emerged as superior alternatives for exosome isolation and detection. In this review, we examine microfluidic platforms, dividing them into six categories based on their capture mechanisms: passive-structure-based affinity, immunomagnetic-based affinity, filtration, acoustofluidics, electrokinetics, and optofluidics. Here, we start out exploring the research and clinical needs that translate into important performance parameters for new exosome isolation designs. Then, we briefly introduce the conventional methods and discuss how their failure to meet those performance standards sparks an intense interest in microfluidic device innovations. The essence of this review is to lead an in-depth discussion on not only the technicality of those microfluidic platforms, but also their strengths and weaknesses with regards to the performance parameters set forth. To close the conversation, we call for the inclusion of exosome confirmation and contamination evaluation as part of future device development and performance assessment process, so that collectively, efforts towards microfluidics and nanotechnology for exosome isolation and analysis may soon see the light of real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Chau N Le
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
|
140
|
Ozcelik A, Aslan Z. A practical microfluidic pump enabled by acoustofluidics and 3D printing. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33424526 PMCID: PMC7780904 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-020-02411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple and low-cost solutions are becoming extremely important for the evolving necessities of biomedical applications. Even though, on-chip sample processing and analysis has been rapidly developing for a wide range of screening and diagnostic protocols, efficient and reliable fluid manipulation in microfluidic platforms still require further developments to be considered portable and accessible for low-resource settings. In this work, we present an extremely simple microfluidic pumping device based on three-dimensional (3D) printing and acoustofluidics. The fabrication of the device only requires 3D-printed adaptors, rectangular glass capillaries, epoxy and a piezoelectric transducer. The pumping mechanism relies on the flexibility and complexity of the acoustic streaming patterns generated inside the capillary. Characterization of the device yields controllable and continuous flow rates suitable for on-chip sample processing and analysis. Overall, a maximum flow rate of ~ 12 μL/min and the control of pumping direction by frequency tuning is achieved. With its versatility and simplicity, this microfluidic pumping device offers a promising solution for portable, affordable and reliable fluid manipulation for on-chip applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10404-020-02411-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aslan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Gu Y, Chen C, Mao Z, Bachman H, Becker R, Rufo J, Wang Z, Zhang P, Mai J, Yang S, Zhang J, Zhao S, Ouyang Y, Wong DTW, Sadovsky Y, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic centrifuge for nanoparticle enrichment and separation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc0467. [PMID: 33523836 PMCID: PMC7775782 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Liquid droplets have been studied for decades and have recently experienced renewed attention as a simplified model for numerous fascinating physical phenomena occurring on size scales from the cell nucleus to stellar black holes. Here, we present an acoustofluidic centrifugation technique that leverages an entanglement of acoustic wave actuation and the spin of a fluidic droplet to enable nanoparticle enrichment and separation. By combining acoustic streaming and droplet spinning, rapid (<1 min) nanoparticle concentration and size-based separation are achieved with a resolution sufficient to identify and isolate exosome subpopulations. The underlying physical mechanisms have been characterized both numerically and experimentally, and the ability to process biological samples (including DNA segments and exosome subpopulations) has been successfully demonstrated. Together, this acoustofluidic centrifuge overcomes existing limitations in the manipulation of nanoscale (<100 nm) bioparticles and can be valuable for various applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, engineering, material science, and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David T W Wong
- School of Dentistry and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Zhu H, Zhang P, Zhong Z, Xia J, Rich J, Mai J, Su X, Tian Z, Bachman H, Rufo J, Gu Y, Kang P, Chakrabarty K, Witelski TP, Huang TJ. Acoustohydrodynamic tweezers via spatial arrangement of streaming vortices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc7885. [PMID: 33523965 PMCID: PMC7787489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustics-based tweezers provide a unique toolset for contactless, label-free, and precise manipulation of bioparticles and bioanalytes. Most acoustic tweezers rely on acoustic radiation forces; however, the accompanying acoustic streaming often generates unpredictable effects due to its nonlinear nature and high sensitivity to the three-dimensional boundary conditions. Here, we demonstrate acoustohydrodynamic tweezers, which generate stable, symmetric pairs of vortices to create hydrodynamic traps for object manipulation. These stable vortices enable predictable control of a flow field, which translates into controlled motion of droplets or particles on the operating surface. We built a programmable droplet-handling platform to demonstrate the basic functions of planar-omnidirectional droplet transport, merging droplets, and in situ mixing via a sequential cascade of biochemical reactions. Our acoustohydrodynamic tweezers enables improved control of acoustic streaming and demonstrates a previously unidentified method for contact-free manipulation of bioanalytes and digitalized liquid handling based on a compact and scalable functional unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhanwei Zhong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xingyu Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Putong Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Krishnendu Chakrabarty
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Xie Y, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Li P, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Isolation and Enrichment of Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16220-16240. [PMID: 33252215 PMCID: PMC8164652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanoparticles have increased in implementation to a variety of applications ranging from high-efficiency electronics to targeted drug delivery. Recently, microfluidic techniques have become an important tool to isolate and enrich populations of nanoparticles with uniform properties (e.g., size, shape, charge) due to their precision, versatility, and scalability. However, due to the large number of microfluidic techniques available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable approach for isolating or enriching a nanoparticle of interest. In this review article, we survey microfluidic methods for nanoparticle isolation and enrichment based on their underlying mechanisms, including acoustofluidics, dielectrophoresis, filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, optofluidics, electrophoresis, and affinity-based methods. We discuss the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of each method. We also provide comparisons with bulk methods, perspectives for future developments and commercialization, and next-generation applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Gu Y, Chen C, Rufo J, Shen C, Wang Z, Huang PH, Fu H, Zhang P, Cummer SA, Tian Z, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Holography for Micro- to Nanoscale Particle Manipulation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14635-14645. [PMID: 32574491 PMCID: PMC7688555 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-based techniques can manipulate particles in a label-free, contact-free, and biocompatible manner. However, most previous work in acoustic manipulation has been constrained by axisymmetric patterns of pressure nodes and antinodes. Acoustic holography is an emerging technique that offers the potential to generate arbitrary pressure distributions which can be applied to particle manipulation with higher degrees of freedom. However, since current acoustic holography techniques rely on acoustic radiation forces, which decrease dramatically when the target particle size decreases, they have difficulty manipulating particles in the micro/nanoscale. Here, we introduce a holography technique that leverages both an arbitrary acoustic field and controllable fluid motion to offer an effective approach for manipulating micro/nano particles. Our approach, termed acoustofluidic holography (AFH), can manipulate a variety of materials, including cells, polymers, and metals, across sizes ranging from hundreds of micrometers to tens of nanometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Hai Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Steven A Cummer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Zhang P, Wang W, Fu H, Rich J, Su X, Bachman H, Xia J, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zhou J, Huang TJ. Deterministic droplet coding via acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4466-4473. [PMID: 33103674 PMCID: PMC7688411 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has become an indispensable tool for biomedical research and lab-on-a-chip applications owing to its unprecedented throughput, precision, and cost-effectiveness. Although droplets can be generated and screened in a high-throughput manner, the inability to label the inordinate amounts of droplets hinders identifying the individual droplets after generation. Herein, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic platform that enables on-demand, real-time dispensing, and deterministic coding of droplets based on their volumes. By dynamically splitting the aqueous flow using an oil jet triggered by focused traveling surface acoustic waves, a sequence of droplets with deterministic volumes can be continuously dispensed at a throughput of 100 Hz. These sequences encode barcoding information through the combination of various droplet lengths. As a proof-of-concept, we encoded droplet sequences into end-to-end packages (e.g., a series of 50 droplets), which consisted of an address barcode with binary volumetric combinations and a sample package with consistent volumes for hosting analytes. This acoustofluidics-based, deterministic droplet coding technique enables the tagging of droplets with high capacity and high error-tolerance, and can potentially benefit various applications involving single cell phenotyping and multiplexed screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- ASIC and System State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hai Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechanics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P. R. China
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xingyu Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- ASIC and System State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Mohanty S, Khalil ISM, Misra S. Contactless acoustic micro/nano manipulation: a paradigm for next generation applications in life sciences. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200621. [PMID: 33363443 PMCID: PMC7735305 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic actuation techniques offer a promising tool for contactless manipulation of both synthetic and biological micro/nano agents that encompass different length scales. The traditional usage of sound waves has steadily progressed from mid-air manipulation of salt grains to sophisticated techniques that employ nanoparticle flow in microfluidic networks. State-of-the-art in microfabrication and instrumentation have further expanded the outreach of these actuation techniques to autonomous propulsion of micro-agents. In this review article, we provide a universal perspective of the known acoustic micromanipulation technologies in terms of their applications and governing physics. Hereby, we survey these technologies and classify them with regards to passive and active manipulation of agents. These manipulation methods account for both intelligent devices adept at dexterous non-contact handling of micro-agents, and acoustically induced mechanisms for self-propulsion of micro-robots. Moreover, owing to the clinical compliance of ultrasound, we provide future considerations of acoustic manipulation techniques to be fruitfully employed in biological applications that range from label-free drug testing to minimally invasive clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mohanty
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Islam S. M. Khalil
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sarthak Misra
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Yang Y, He M, Jin K, Chen X, Duan X. Continuous Enrichment and Separation of Nanoparticles via Acoustic Streaming. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2231-2234. [PMID: 33018451 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment and separation of Micro/Nano-scale specimens are fundamental requirements in biomedical researches. In this paper, we demonstrated a simple and efficient microfluidic chip for the continuous enrichment and separation of nanoscale polystyrene particles using the acoustic streaming induced by gigahertz(GHz) bulk acoustic waves(BAW). The bulk acoustic resonator released ultrahigh frequency (2GHz) acoustic waves into the fluid and triggered the acoustic streaming. The nanoparticles were continuous concentrated and segregated by the combination action of the viscosity force and the acoustic radiation force. The separation of 300 and 100 nm particles was achieved with the high purity (92.4%). These data contribute proof-in-principle that acoustic streaming is a label-free strategy that can be used to enrich and separate nanoscale specimens with high efficiency.
Collapse
|
148
|
Acoustic Microfluidic Separation Techniques and Bioapplications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11100921. [PMID: 33023173 PMCID: PMC7600273 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic separation technology has garnered significant attention over the past decade where particles are being separated at a micro/nanoscale in a rapid, low-cost, and simple manner. Amongst a myriad of separation technologies that have emerged thus far, acoustic microfluidic separation techniques are extremely apt to applications involving biological samples attributed to various advantages, including high controllability, biocompatibility, and non-invasive, label-free features. With that being said, downsides such as low throughput and dependence on external equipment still impede successful commercialization from laboratory-based prototypes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in acoustic microfluidic separation techniques, along with exemplary applications. Specifically, an inclusive overview of fundamental theory and background is presented, then two sets of mechanisms underlying acoustic separation, bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave, are introduced and discussed. Upon these summaries, we present a variety of applications based on acoustic separation. The primary focus is given to those associated with biological samples such as blood cells, cancer cells, proteins, bacteria, viruses, and DNA/RNA. Finally, we highlight the benefits and challenges behind burgeoning developments in the field and discuss the future perspectives and an outlook towards robust, integrated, and commercialized devices based on acoustic microfluidic separation.
Collapse
|
149
|
Habibi R, He V, Ghavamian S, de Marco A, Lee TH, Aguilar MI, Zhu D, Lim R, Neild A. Exosome trapping and enrichment using a sound wave activated nano-sieve (SWANS). LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3633-3643. [PMID: 32901635 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a form of extracellular vesicle, are an important precursor in regenerative medicine. Microfluidic methods exist to capture these sub-micrometer sized objects from small quantities of sample, ideal for multiple diagnostic applications. To address the challenge of extraction from large volumes, we use the visual access offered by microfluidic techniques to probe the physical mechanisms behind a method which is compatible with future upscaling. The sound wave actuated nano-sieve uses resonant modes in a packed bed of microparticles to exert trapping forces on nanoparticles. Here, we examine the role of the microparticle size, demonstrating better performance from 15 μm particles than 7 μm particles. When applied to biological samples, we demonstrate for the first time that a packed bed of these larger particles is capable of capturing exosomes and liposomes, the captured particles being on average 20 to 40 times smaller than the pores within the trapped bed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Habibi
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia.
| | - Vincent He
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia.
| | - Sara Ghavamian
- Applied Micro and Nano Technology Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Alex de Marco
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Liu P, Tian Z, Hao N, Bachman H, Zhang P, Hu J, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multi-well plates for enrichment of micro/nano particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3399-3409. [PMID: 32779677 PMCID: PMC7494569 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Controllable enrichment of micro/nanoscale objects plays a significant role in many biomedical and biochemical applications, such as increasing the detection sensitivity of assays, or improving the structures of bio-engineered tissues. However, few techniques can perform concentrations of micro/nano objects in multi-well plates, a very common laboratory vessel. In this work, we develop an acoustofluidic multi-well plate, which adopts an array of simple, low-cost and commercially available ring-shaped piezoelectric transducers for rapid and robust enrichment of micro/nanoscale particles/cells in each well of the plate. The enrichment mechanism is validated and characterized through both numerical simulations and experiments. We observe that the ring-shaped piezoelectric transducer can generate circular standing flexural waves in the substrate of each well, and that the vibrations can induce acoustic streaming near the interface between the substrate and a fluid droplet placed within the well; this streaming can drive micro/nanoscale objects to the center of the droplet for enrichment. Moreover, the acoustofluidic multi-well plate can realize simultaneous and consistent enrichment of biological cells in each well of the plate. With merits such as simplicity, controllability, low cost, and excellent compatibility with other downstream analysis tools, the developed acoustofluidic multi-well plate could be a versatile tool for many applications such as micro/nano fabrication, self-assembly, biomedical/biochemical sensing, and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|