101
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Langenberg SCN, Kocevska D, Luik AI. The multidimensionality of sleep in population‐based samples: a narrative review. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13608. [PMID: 35429087 PMCID: PMC9339471 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The identification of optimal sleep duration recommendations for the general population has long been an important goal on the public health agenda, as both short and long sleep duration have been linked to unfavourable health outcomes. Yet, sleep is more than duration alone and can be described across multiple domains, such as timing, regularity, satisfaction, alertness, and efficiency. We reviewed observational population‐based studies that examined differences in age, sex, and origin across multiple dimensions of sleep. Reviewed literature suggests an increasing prevalence of insomnia symptoms, shorter and less deep sleep in old age. Overall, women report poorer sleep quality than men despite objective measures revealing shorter and more fragmented sleep in men. Minorities generally have poorer quantity and quality of sleep, but multi‐ethnic studies have reported mixed results regarding the subjective experience of sleep. In sum, effects of age, sex and origin differ across sleep dimensions, thereby suggesting that the multidimensionality of sleep and how these different aspects interact should be studied across individuals. Studies should include both self‐reported measures and objective assessments in diverse population‐based samples, as both aspects are important to understand sleep health in the general population. Data‐driven descriptions could provide researchers and clinicians with insights into how well individuals are sleeping and offer concrete targets for promotion of sleep health across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Sleep and Cognition Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I. Luik
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
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102
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Terenzi M, Ricciardi O, Di Nocera F. Rostering in Air Traffic Control: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084625. [PMID: 35457493 PMCID: PMC9028160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) must cover uninterrupted work shifts for 24 h a day, seven days a week. The proper planning of a shift schedule requires consideration of at least three elements: the specific characteristics of the controller task, the physiological needs of the operator, and the definition of rest periods within rostering. We reviewed the literature for providing comprehensive guidance on the main requirements for the construction of a shift schedule for ATCOs. Our considerations are organized according to a rationale reflecting the most important criteria for the construction of the schedule: namely, the organization of rest periods conceptualized as intervals between cycles of shifts, intervals between individual shifts, and breaks within the shift. The suggested parameters could be used to construct shift schedules within a variation margin that depends on individual contexts of application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orlando Ricciardi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Nocera
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Planning, Design, and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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103
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Lo JCY, Koa TB, Ong JL, Gooley JJ, Chee MWL. Staying vigilant during recurrent sleep restriction: dose-response effects of time-in-bed and benefits of daytime napping. Sleep 2022; 45:6516777. [PMID: 35089345 PMCID: PMC8996029 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives We characterized vigilance deterioration with increasing time-on-task (ToT) during recurrent sleep restriction of different extents on simulated weekdays and recovery sleep on weekends, and tested the effectiveness of afternoon napping in ameliorating ToT-related deficits. Methods In the Need for Sleep studies, 194 adolescents (age = 15–19 years) underwent two baseline nights of 9-h time-in-bed (TIB), followed by two cycles of weekday manipulation nights and weekend recovery nights (9-h TIB). They were allocated 9 h, 8 h, 6.5 h, or 5 h of TIB for nocturnal sleep on weekdays. Three additional groups with 5 h or 6.5 h TIB were given an afternoon nap opportunity (5 h + 1 h, 5 h + 1.5 h, and 6.5 h + 1.5 h). ToT effects were quantified by performance change from the first 2 min to the last 2 min in a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task administered daily. Results The 9 h and the 8 h groups showed comparable ToT effects that remained at baseline levels throughout the protocol. ToT-related deficits were greater among the 5 h and the 6.5 h groups, increased prominently in the second week of sleep restriction despite partial recuperation during the intervening recovery period and diverged between these two groups from the fifth sleep-restricted night. Daytime napping attenuated ToT effects when nocturnal sleep restriction was severe (i.e. 5-h TIB/night), and held steady at baseline levels for a milder dose of nocturnal sleep restriction when total TIB across 24 h was within the age-specific recommended sleep duration (i.e. 6.5 h + 1.5 h). Conclusions Reducing TIB beyond the recommended duration significantly increases ToT-associated vigilance impairment, particularly during recurrent periods of sleep restriction. Daytime napping is effective in ameliorating such decrement. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02838095, NCT03333512, and NCT04044885.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Chi-Yan Lo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiffany B Koa
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju Lynn Ong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua J Gooley
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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104
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Ho GW, Yang Z, Xing L, Tsang KKT, Ruan HD, Li Y. Nighttime Sleep Awakening Frequency and Its Consistency Predict Future Academic Performance in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052933. [PMID: 35270625 PMCID: PMC8910766 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between sleep and academic performance has been extensively examined, how sleep predicts future academic performance (e.g., 2-3 years) remains to be further investigated. Using wearable smartwatches and a self-report questionnaire, we tracked sleep activities of 45 college students over a period of approximately half a month to see whether their sleep activities predicted their academic performance, which was estimated by grade point average (GPA). Results showed that both nighttime sleep awakening frequency and its consistency in the tracking period were not significantly correlated with the GPA for the courses taken in the sleep tracking semester (current GPA). However, both nighttime sleep awakening frequency and its consistency inversely predicted the GPA for the rest of the courses taken after that semester (future GPA). Moreover, students with more difficulty staying awake throughout the day obtained lower current and future GPAs, and students with higher inconsistency of sleep quality obtained lower future GPA. Together, these findings highlight the importance of nighttime sleep awakening frequency and consistency in predicting future academic performance, and emphasize the necessity of assessing the consistency of sleep measures in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Wee Ho
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenzhi Yang
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
| | - Linna Xing
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
| | - Ken Kang-Too Tsang
- Statistics Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Environmental Science Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Yu Li
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.H.); (Y.L.)
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105
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Leclair-Visonneau L. Orientation diagnostique devant une plainte d’hypersomnolence. Rev Med Interne 2022; 43:429-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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106
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Schork IG, Manzo IA, De Oliveira MRB, da Costa FV, Young RJ, de Azevedo CS. The cyclic interaction between daytime behavior and the sleep behavior of laboratory dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:478. [PMID: 35013533 PMCID: PMC8748904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has been found to negatively affect an individual´s physical and psychological health. Sleep loss affects activity patterns, increases anxiety-like behaviors, decreases cognitive performance and is associated with depressive states. The activity/rest cycle of dogs has been investigated before, but little is known about the effects of sleep loss on the behavior of the species. Dogs are polyphasic sleepers, meaning the behavior is most observed at night, but bouts are also present during the day. However, sleep can vary with ecological and biological factors, such as age, sex, fitness, and even human presence. In this study, kennelled laboratory adult dogs' sleep and diurnal behavior were recorded during 24-h, five-day assessment periods to investigate sleep quality and its effect on daily behavior. In total, 1560 h of data were analyzed, and sleep metrics and diurnal behavior were quantified. The relationship between sleeping patterns and behavior and the effect of age and sex were evaluated using non-parametric statistical tests and GLMM modelling. Dogs in our study slept substantially less than previously reported and presented a modified sleep architecture with fewer awakenings during the night and almost no sleep during the day. Sleep loss increased inactivity, decreased play and alert behaviors, while increased time spent eating during the day. Males appeared to be more affected by sleep fragmentation than females. Different age groups also experienced different effects of sleep loss. Overall, dogs appear to compensate for the lack of sleep during the night by remaining inactive during the day. With further investigations, the relationship between sleep loss and behavior has the potential to be used as a measure of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gabriela Schork
- School of Sciences, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, Salford, UK
| | - Isabele Aparecida Manzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Departamento de Evolução, Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcos Roberto Beiral De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Departamento de Evolução, Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Vieira da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Departamento de Evolução, Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Robert John Young
- School of Sciences, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, Salford, UK
| | - Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Departamento de Evolução, Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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107
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Klösch G, Zeitlhofer J, Ipsiroglu O. Revisiting the Concept of Vigilance. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874757. [PMID: 35774096 PMCID: PMC9237243 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigilance deficits can be observed after a period of prolonged, continuous wakefulness. In this context there has been extensive research targeting the impact of sleep deficits on different aspects of vigilance, but the underlying concept of vigilance was hardly ever addressed and discussed. One reason for this shortcoming is the unclear and ambiguous definition of the term vigilance, which is commonly used interchangeably with sustained attention and even wakefulness. This confusion is the result of a wide range of misleading definitions, starting in the 1940s, as psychologists redefined the concept of vigilance suggested by British Neurologist, Henry Head, in 1923. Nevertheless, the concept of vigilance is still useful and innovative, especially in treating sleep problems in children and young adults. This paper reviews the current usage of the term vigilance in sleep-wake-research and describes not only the benefits, but even more clearly, its limitations. By re-focusing on the definitions given by Henry Head, the concept of vigilance is an innovative way to gather new insights into the interplay between sleep- and daytime behaviors. In addition, future research on vigilance should consider three perspectives: 1st vigilance perceived as a process to allocate resources, 2nd vigilance associated with compensatory behaviors and 3rd the role of vigilance in human environmental interactions. This approach, understood as a conceptual framework, provides new perspectives by targeting sleep-wake behaviors as a 'real life' outcome measure, reflecting both physical and cognitive performance as well as sleep quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Zeitlhofer
- Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Osman Ipsiroglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,H-Behaviours Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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108
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Ning Y, Zheng S, Feng S, Li K, Jia H. Altered Functional Connectivity and Topological Organization of Brain Networks Correlate to Cognitive Impairments After Sleep Deprivation. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1285-1297. [PMID: 35873714 PMCID: PMC9296880 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s366224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep deprivation (SD) has a detrimental effect on cognitive functions. Numerous studies have indicated the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments after SD in brain networks. However, the findings based on the functional connectivity (FC) and topological architecture of brain networks are inconsistent. METHODS In this study, we recruited 30 healthy participants with regular sleep (aged 25.20 ± 2.20 years). All participants performed the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status and resting-state fMRI scans twice, during the rested wakefulness (RW) state and after 24 h of total SD. Using the Dosenbach atlas, both large-scale FC and topological features of brain networks (ie nodal, global and local efficiency) were calculated for the RW and SD states. Furthermore, the correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the changes in FC and topological features of brain networks and cognitive performances. RESULTS Compared to the RW state, the large-scale brain network results showed decreased between-network FC in somatomotor network (SMN)-default mode network (DMN), SMN-frontoparietal network (FPN), and SMN-ventral attention network (VAN), and increased between-network FC in the dorsal attention network (DAN)-VAN, DAN-SMN after SD. The clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and local efficiency decreased after SD. Moreover, the decreased attention score positively correlated with the decreased topological measures and negatively correlated with the FC of DAN-SMN. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the increased FC of DAN-SMN and decreased topological features of brain networks may act as neural indicators for the decrease in attention after SD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, registration ID: ChiCTR2000039858, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Ning
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitong Feng
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuangshi Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiao Jia
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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109
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van Egmond LT, Meth EMS, Bukhari S, Engström J, Ilemosoglou M, Keller JA, Zhou S, Schiöth HB, Benedict C. How Sleep-Deprived People See and Evaluate Others' Faces: An Experimental Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:867-876. [PMID: 35529050 PMCID: PMC9075997 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s360433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute sleep loss increases the brain's reactivity toward positive and negative affective stimuli. Thus, despite well-known reduced attention due to acute sleep loss, we hypothesized that humans would gaze longer on happy, angry, and fearful faces than neutral faces when sleep-deprived. We also examined if facial expressions are differently perceived after acute sleep loss. METHODS In the present, within-subjects study, 45 young adults participated in one night of total sleep deprivation and one night with an 8-hour sleep opportunity. On the morning after each night, an eye tracker was used to measure participants' time spent fixating images of happy, angry, fearful, and neutral faces. Participants also evaluated faces' attractiveness, trustworthiness, and healthiness on a 100-mm visual analog scale. RESULTS Following sleep loss, participants struggled more fixating the faces than after sleep. The decrease in total fixation duration ranged from 6.3% to 10.6% after sleep loss (P<0.001). Contrary to our hypothesis, the reduction in total fixation duration occurred irrespective of the displayed emotion (P=0.235 for sleep*emotion interaction) and was also present for the upper (P<0.001) but not the lower part of the faces (except for the lower part of angry faces). Overall, faces were evaluated as less trustworthy (-2.6 mm) and attractive (-3.6 mm) after sleep loss (p<0.05). DISCUSSION Facial expressions are crucial for social interactions. Thus, spending less time fixating on faces after acute sleep loss may come along with several problems for social interactions, eg, inaccurate and delayed judgment of the emotional state of others. In addition, more negative social impressions of others may lead to social withdrawal in sleep-deprived humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve T van Egmond
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa M S Meth
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shervin Bukhari
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Engström
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ilemosoglou
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jasmin Annica Keller
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shiyang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden
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Zhong S, Zhang L, Wang M, Shen J, Mao Y, Du X, Ma J. Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in children with primary nocturnal enuresis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:966362. [PMID: 36072465 PMCID: PMC9441761 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.966362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous neuroimaging studies have shown abnormal brain-bladder control network in children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE). The hippocampus, which has long been considered to be an important nerve center for memory and emotion, has also been confirmed to be activating during micturition in several human imaging studies. However, few studies have explored hippocampus-related functional networks of PNE in children. In this study, the whole resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of hippocampus was investigated in children with PNE. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 30 children with PNE and 29 matched healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed in our study. We used the seed-based RSFC method to evaluate the functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions defined according to the Human Brainnetome Atlas. Correlation analyses were also processed to investigate their relationship with disease duration time, bed-wetting frequency, and bladder volume. RESULTS Compared with HCs, children with PNE showed abnormal RSFC of the left rostral hippocampus (rHipp) with right fusiform gyrus, right Rolandic operculum, left inferior parietal lobule, and right precentral gyrus, respectively. Moreover, decreased RSFC of the left caudal hippocampus (cHipp) with right fusiform gyrus and right supplementary motor area was discovered in the PNE group. There were no significant results in the right rHipp and cHipp seeds after multiple comparison corrections. In addition, disease duration time was negatively correlated with RSFC of the left rHipp with right Rolandic operculum (r = -0.386, p = 0.035, uncorrected) and the left cHipp with right fusiform gyrus (r = -0.483, p = 0.007, uncorrected) in the PNE group, respectively. In the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, all the above results of RSFC achieved significant performance. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to examine the RSFC patterns of hippocampal subregions in children with PNE. These findings indicated that children with PNE have potential dysfunctions in the limbic network, sensorimotor network, default mode network, and frontoparietal network. These networks may become less efficient with disease duration time, inducing impairments in brain-bladder control, cognition, memory, and emotion. Further prospective research with dynamic observation of brain imaging, bladder function, cognition, memory, and emotion is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogen Zhong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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111
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Gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6277-6292. [PMID: 33963281 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is increasingly common in modern society, which can lead to the dysregulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory and psychiatric diseases, possibly via gut microbiota-brain interactions and neuroinflammation. The present study investigated the impact of SD on gut microbiota composition and explored whether alterations of the gut microbiota play a causal role in chronic inflammatory states and cognitive impairment that are induced by SD. We found that SD-induced gut dysbiosis, inflammatory responses, and cognitive impairment in humans. Moreover, the absence of the gut microbiota suppressed inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by SD in germ-free (GF) mice. Transplantation of the "SD microbiota" into GF mice activated the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and impaired cognitive function in the recipient mice. Mice that harbored "SD microbiota" also exhibited increases in neuroinflammation and microglial activity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to both peripheral and central inflammatory processes and cognitive deficits that are induced by SD, which may open avenues for potential interventions that can relieve the detrimental consequences of sleep loss.
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112
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Lian J, Wang K, Luo Y. Investigation of Sleep-Dependent Activation-Interaction Association Network. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:5991-5994. [PMID: 34892483 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cortical activation and the interaction between cortical regions were considered to exist a strong correlation in recent neuroscience researches. However, such association during sleep was still unclear. The aim of the present work was to further investigate this association according to an activation-interaction association network. This study included 24 healthy individuals and all of them underwent overnight polysomnography. The absolute spectral powers of three frequency bands and the phase transfer entropy were extracted from six electroencephalogram channels. For each frequency band and sleep stage, activation-interaction association networks were built and correlation analysis was conducted by using Pearson correlation test. Results revealed the evident association between features derived from the two approaches during sleep, and as the sleep deepened, these correlation values attenuated in the alpha band, whereas the inversion happened in the delta band. This study exposed more detailed information of cortical activity during sleep, which will facilitate us to conduct research from a more comprehensive perspective, helping us make a more appropriate evaluation and explanation.
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Huang MK, Chang KS, Kao WF, Li LH, How CK, Wang SH, Lin YK, Hwang YS, Chien DK, Chiu YH. Visual hallucinations in 246-km mountain ultra-marathoners: An observational study. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:225-231. [PMID: 34708714 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_57_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-marathons are typically held over harsh terrains such as mountains, deserts, or other wilderness, and place severe demands on the physical and psychological capabilities of participants. Adventure-race competitors commonly report hallucinations. The goal of this study was to gain insight into visual hallucinations (VHs) during a mountain ultra-marathon. Thirty-one Taiwanese runners who participated in the 2018 Run Across Taiwan Ultra-Marathon, which spans 246 km with an altitude difference of 3266 m and an overall cut-off time of 44 h, volunteered for this study. Self-reported questionnaires on sleep duration, hallucinatory experiences, clinical symptoms of cold- and heat-related illnesses, and the 2018 Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) Score were recorded prerace, during the summit, immediately postrace, and 3-days postrace. Hematological samples were collected 1 week before, immediately after, and 3 days after the race. Eight ultra-marathoners (six males and two females; seven finishers and one withdrawer) were recruited. Three out of eight (37.5%) subjects (two males and one female) reported experiencing VHs during the last 60 km. Three out of five (60%) lower-ranked subjects experienced VHs. All eight runners slept for <30 min during the race. None of the runners presented with headache either during or after the race to meet the criteria for AMS. None of the runners suffered an abnormal thermoregulatory response or a hypoglycemic episode throughout the ultra-marathon. The changes in blood osmolality immediately postrace were subclinical, despite being statistically significant. Among the three runners with VHs, none presented with severe dehydration or dysnatremia immediately postrace. High-altitude exposure, hyper/hypothermia, dehydration, dysnatermia, or hypoglycemia did not seem to contribute to hallucination onset in our subjects during the event. VHs of ultra-marathoners may be associated with excessive physical exertion and sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kun Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Song Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fong Kao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital; Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Program of Medical Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Kuo Chien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City; Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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114
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Zhu L, Zhang S, Yu X, Zhu S, Ou G, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhuang X, Du L, Jin Y. Application of armodafinil-loaded microneedle patches against the negative influence induced by sleep deprivation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:178-188. [PMID: 34700002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognition maintenance is essential for healthy and safe life if sleep deprivation happens. Armodafinil is a wake-promoting agent against sleep deprivation related disorders. However, only the tablet formulation is available, which may limit its potential in some circumstances. Here, we report the synthesis of a new formulation of armodafinil, microneedle patches, which can be conveniently used by any individual and removed in time if not wanted. To produce the needles of higher mechanical strength and higher drug loading, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K90 was used to fabricate armodafinil-loaded microneedles by applying the mold casting method after dissolving in methanol and drying. The higher mechanical strength was validated by COMSOL Multiphysics® software stimulation and universal mechanical testing machines. The obtained armodafinil microneedles can withstand a force of 70 N and penetrate the skin to a depth of 230 μm, and quickly released the drug within 1.5 h in vitro. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that microneedle administration can maintain a more lasting and stable blood concentration as compared to oral administration. After the treatment of sleep deprived mice with microneedles, the in vivo pharmacodynamics study clearly demonstrated that armodafinil microneedles could eliminate the effects of sleep deprivation and improve the cognitive functions of sleep-deprived mice. A self-administered, high drug-loaded microneedle patch were prepared successfully, which appeared to be highly promising in preserving cognition by transdermal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ge Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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115
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Umemura GS, Pinho JP, Duysens J, Krebs HI, Forner-Cordero A. Sleep deprivation affects gait control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21104. [PMID: 34702960 PMCID: PMC8548553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Different levels of sleep restriction affect human performance in multiple aspects. However, it is unclear how sleep deprivation affects gait control. We applied a paced gait paradigm that included subliminal rhythm changes to analyze the effects of different sleep restriction levels (acute, chronic and control) on performance. Acute sleep deprivation (one night) group exhibited impaired performance in the sensorimotor synchronization gait protocol, such as a decrease in the Period Error between the footfalls and the auditory stimulus as well as missing more frequently the auditory cues. The group with chronic sleep restriction also underperformed when compared to the control group with a tendency to a late footfall with respect to the RAC sound. Our results suggest that partial or total sleep deprivation leads to a decrease in the performance in the sensorimotor control of gait. The superior performance of the chronic sleep group when compared to the acute group suggests that there is a compensatory mechanism that helps to improve motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. Umemura
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems of the Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Pinho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems of the Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques Duysens
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hermano Igo Krebs
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786The 77 Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Arturo Forner-Cordero
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems of the Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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116
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Summers SJ, Keegan RJ, Flood A, Martin K, McKune A, Rattray B. The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale: Assessing Predictive and Concurrent Validation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:738519. [PMID: 34630249 PMCID: PMC8498198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To complement and enhance readiness-monitoring capability, the Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) was developed: a widely applicable, simple psychometric measure of perceived readiness. While this tool may have widespread utility in sport and military settings, it remains unknown if the ARMS demonstrates predictive and concurrent validity. Here, we investigated whether the ARMS is: (1) responsive to an acute manipulation of readiness using sleep deprivation, (2) relates to biological markers of readiness [cortisol/heart-rate variability (HRV)], and (3) predicts performance on a cognitive task. Thirty young adults (aged 23 ± 4 years; 18 females) participated. All participants engaged in a 24-h sleep deprivation protocol. Participants completed the ARMS, biological measures of readiness (salivary cortisol, HRV), and cognitive performance measures (psychomotor vigilance task) before, immediately after, 24-, and 48-h post-sleep deprivation. All six of the ARMS subscales changed in response to sleep deprivation: scores on each subscale worsened (indicating reductions in perceived readiness) immediately after sleep deprivation, returning to baseline 24/48 h post. Lower perceived readiness was associated with reduced awakening responses in cortisol and predicted worse cognitive performance (slower reaction time). No relationship was observed between the ARMS and HRV, nor between any biological markers of readiness (cortisol/HRV) and cognitive performance. These data suggest that the ARMS may hold practical utility in detecting, or screening for, the wide range of deleterious effects caused by sleep deprivation; may constitute a quick, cheap, and easily interpreted alternative to biological measures of readiness; and may be used to monitor or mitigate potential underperformance on tasks requiring attention and vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Summers
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard J Keegan
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew Flood
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristy Martin
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ben Rattray
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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117
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Yamazaki EM, Casale CE, Brieva TE, Antler CA, Goel N. Concordance of multiple methods to define resiliency and vulnerability to sleep loss depends on Psychomotor Vigilance Test metric. Sleep 2021; 45:6384814. [PMID: 34624897 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) reveal well-established individual differences in Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) performance. While prior studies have used different methods to categorize such resiliency/vulnerability, none have systematically investigated whether these methods categorize individuals similarly. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day laboratory study consisting of 2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The PVT was administered every 2h during wakefulness. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR performance], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline performance], and Variance [intraindividual variance of SR performance]), and within each approach, six thresholds (±1 standard deviation and the best/worst performing 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, and 50%) classified Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations examined the concordance of group categorizations of approaches within and between PVT lapses and 1/reaction time (RT). Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group performance. RESULTS Correlations comparing the approaches ranged from moderate to perfect for lapses and zero to moderate for 1/RT. Defined by all approaches, the Resilient groups had significantly fewer lapses on nearly all study days. Defined by the Raw Score approach only, the Resilient groups had significantly faster 1/RT on all study days. Between-measures comparisons revealed significant correlations between the Raw Score approach for 1/RT and all approaches for lapses. CONCLUSION The three approaches defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss resulted in groups comprised of similar individuals for PVT lapses but not for 1/RT. Thus, both method and metric selection for defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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118
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Jiao Q, Dong X, Guo C, Wu T, Chen F, Zhang K, Ma Z, Sun Y, Cao H, Tian C, Hu Q, Liu N, Wang Y, Ji L, Yang S, Zhang X, Li J, Shen H. Effects of sleep deprivation of various durations on novelty-related object recognition memory and object location memory in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 418:113621. [PMID: 34624424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for important physiological functions. Impairment of learning and memory function caused by lack of sleep is a common physiological phenomenon of which underlying changes in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus are not well understood. The possible different effects of sleep deprivation (SD) lasting for various durations on learning and memory function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity are still not completely clear. In this study, we used a modified multiple platform method (MMPM) to induce rapid eye movement SD (REM SD), lasting for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, separately. The novel place recognition (NPR) and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks were used to test the novelty-related object recognition memory (ORM) and object location memory (OLM) of mice. Then, hippocampal synaptic plasticity was evaluated after all behavioural experiments. The results showed that REM SD played a key role in OLM but not in ORM. Specifically, 24 h REM SD improved novelty-related OLM, accompanied by a significantly increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity, including gain of dendritic spines, increased expression of hippocampal GluA1, and enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas 48 h REM SD showed no effect on OLM or the hippocampal synaptic plasticity mentioned above; however, 72 h REM SD impaired novelty-related OLM and weakened hippocampal synaptic plasticity, including serious loss of dendritic spines, decreased expression of hippocampal GluA1, and significantly attenuated LTP. Our results suggest that REM SD of various durations has different effects on both novelty-related OLM and hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Jiao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Cunle Guo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300052
| | - Zengguang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Haiyan Cao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Qi Hu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Nannan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Lijie Ji
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Shutong Yang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300222.
| | - Hui Shen
- Brain Research Center of Innovation Institute of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shandong University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China, 250355.
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119
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Li G, Chen Y, Tang X, Li CSR. Alcohol use severity and the neural correlates of the effects of sleep disturbance on sustained visual attention. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:302-311. [PMID: 34416549 PMCID: PMC8429210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is associated with sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. However, the neural processes inter-relating the severity of alcohol use, sleep disturbance and cognitive performance remain under-investigated. We addressed this issue with a dataset of 964 subjects (504 women) curated from the Human Connectome Project. Participants were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and fMRI while identifying relational dimension pictures and matching dimension pictures (as a control) in alternating blocks. Imaging data were analyzed with published routines and the results were evaluated at a corrected threshold. Subjects showed lower accuracy rate and longer reaction time (RT) in relational than control blocks. The difference in RT between the two blocks (RTRel-Con) was driven primarily by the RT and correlated positively with performance accuracy of relational trials, suggesting that a more cautious response (i.e., longer RTRel-Con) improved accuracy. The severity of alcohol use, identified from principal component analysis of drinking metrics, was positively correlated with sleep disturbance. Further, whole-brain regression identified activity of the superior colliculus (SC) during relational vs. control blocks in positive and negative correlation with RTRel-Con and PSQI score, respectively. Mediation and path analyses demonstrated a significant model: more severe alcohol use → greater sleep disturbance → diminished SC activity → impaired performance. These findings support the influences of alcohol misuse on sleep and suggest neural correlates that mediate the relationship between sleep disturbance and altered sustained attention in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Biomedical engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Address correspondence to: C.-S. Ray Li, Connecticut Mental Health Center S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, U.S.A. Phone: +1 203-974-7354, or Xiaoying Tang, 815-2 Teaching Building No.5, Beijing Institute of technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China Phone: +86 010-68915998,
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120
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Floor vibrations for motivation and feedback in the rat vibration actuating search task. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257980. [PMID: 34570800 PMCID: PMC8475976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivating rodents to perform cognitive tasks often relies on the application of aversive stimuli. The Vibration Actuating Search Task (VAST) is a novel open-field task in which gradient floor vibration provides motivation for the rodent to navigate in the direction of diminishing vibration to an unmarked target destination. Using floor vibration as a motivational stimulus may overcome several of the potential confounds associated with stimuli used in other tasks. In a series of three experiments, we determined whether (1) rats exhibit place preference for floor vibration over other aversive stimuli (i.e., water, foot shock, and bright light), (2) exposure to floor vibration is associated with a lower corticosterone response than exposure to these other stimuli, (3) rats successfully acquire the VAST, and (4) VAST performance is sensitive to 6 h of sleep deprivation (SD). Our results showed that rats exhibited place preference for vibration over water, foot shock, and bright light environments, and that corticosterone levels were lower in rats exposed to vibration than those exposed to water. VAST performance also significantly improved over two days of testing for some metrics, and SD impaired VAST performance. Overall, we conclude that (1) rats exhibit place preference for vibration over other stimuli commonly used to motivate task performance, (2) the vibrations employed by the VAST produce lower concentrations of circulating corticosterone than forced swimming, (3) rats can learn to use gradient floor vibration as a mode of performance feedback within two days of testing, and (4) VAST performance is substantially impaired by SD. Thus, the VAST is an effective and practical testbed for studying the mechanisms by which SD causes deficits in feedback-dependent decision making.
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121
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Flynn-Evans EE, Wong LR, Kuriyagawa Y, Gowda N, Cravalho PF, Pradhan S, Feick NH, Bathurst NG, Glaros ZL, Wilaiprasitporn T, Bansal K, Garcia JO, Hilditch CJ. Supervision of a self-driving vehicle unmasks latent sleepiness relative to manually controlled driving. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18530. [PMID: 34521862 PMCID: PMC8440771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human error has been implicated as a causal factor in a large proportion of road accidents. Automated driving systems purport to mitigate this risk, but self-driving systems that allow a driver to entirely disengage from the driving task also require the driver to monitor the environment and take control when necessary. Given that sleep loss impairs monitoring performance and there is a high prevalence of sleep deficiency in modern society, we hypothesized that supervising a self-driving vehicle would unmask latent sleepiness compared to manually controlled driving among individuals following their typical sleep schedules. We found that participants felt sleepier, had more involuntary transitions to sleep, had slower reaction times and more attentional failures, and showed substantial modifications in brain synchronization during and following an autonomous drive compared to a manually controlled drive. Our findings suggest that the introduction of partial self-driving capabilities in vehicles has the potential to paradoxically increase accident risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
| | - Lily R Wong
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Gowda
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Patrick F Cravalho
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sean Pradhan
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,School of Business Administration, Menlo College, Atherton, CA, USA
| | - Nathan H Feick
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Bathurst
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Zachary L Glaros
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn
- School of Information Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Kanika Bansal
- Army Research Laboratory, U.S. CCDC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javier O Garcia
- Army Research Laboratory, U.S. CCDC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Cassie J Hilditch
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
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122
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Stenson AR, Kurinec CA, Hinson JM, Whitney P, Van Dongen HPA. Total sleep deprivation reduces top-down regulation of emotion without altering bottom-up affective processing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256983. [PMID: 34473768 PMCID: PMC8412406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss is reported to influence affective processing, causing changes in overall mood and altering emotion regulation. These aspects of affective processing are seldom investigated together, making it difficult to determine whether total sleep deprivation has a global effect on how affective stimuli and emotions are processed, or whether specific components of affective processing are affected selectively. Sixty healthy adults were recruited for an in-laboratory study and, after a monitored night of sleep and laboratory acclimation, randomly assigned to either a total sleep deprivation condition (n = 40) or a rested control condition (n = 20). Measurements of mood, vigilant attention to affective stimuli, affective working memory, affective categorization, and emotion regulation were taken for both groups. With one exception, measures of interest were administered twice: once at baseline and again 24 hours later, after the sleep deprived group had spent a night awake (working memory was assessed only after total sleep deprivation). Sleep deprived individuals experienced an overall reduction in positive affect with no significant change in negative affect. Despite the substantial decline in positive affect, there was no evidence that processing affectively valenced information was biased under total sleep deprivation. Sleep deprived subjects did not rate affective stimuli differently from rested subjects, nor did they show sleep deprivation-specific effects of affect type on vigilant attention, working memory, and categorization tasks. However, sleep deprived subjects showed less effective regulation of negative emotion. Overall, we found no evidence that total sleep deprivation biased the processing of affective stimuli in general. By contrast, total sleep deprivation appeared to reduce controlled processing required for emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Stenson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Courtney A. Kurinec
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - John. M. Hinson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Paul Whitney
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Hans P. A. Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
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123
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Ochab JK, Szwed J, Oleś K, Bereś A, Chialvo DR, Domagalik A, Fąfrowicz M, Ogińska H, Gudowska-Nowak E, Marek T, Nowak MA. Observing changes in human functioning during induced sleep deficiency and recovery periods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255771. [PMID: 34469434 PMCID: PMC8409667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of sleep restriction seem to be common in the contemporary world. Sleep loss causes perturbations of circadian rhythmicity and degradation of waking alertness as reflected in attention, cognitive efficiency and memory. Understanding whether and how the human brain recovers from chronic sleep loss is important not only from a scientific but also from a public health perspective. In this work we report on behavioral, motor, and neurophysiological correlates of sleep loss in healthy adults in an unprecedented study conducted in natural conditions and comprising 21 consecutive days divided into periods of 4 days of regular life (a baseline), 10 days of chronic partial sleep restriction (30% reduction relative to individual sleep need) and 7 days of recovery. Throughout the whole experiment we continuously measured the spontaneous locomotor activity by means of actigraphy with 1-minute resolution. On a daily basis the subjects were undergoing EEG measurements (64-electrodes with 500 Hz sampling frequency): resting state with eyes open and closed (8 minutes long each) followed by Stroop task lasting 22 minutes. Altogether we analyzed actigraphy (distributions of rest and activity durations), behavioral measures (reaction times and accuracy from Stroop task) and EEG (amplitudes, latencies and scalp maps of event-related potentials from Stroop task and power spectra from resting states). We observed unanimous deterioration in all the measures during sleep restriction. Further results indicate that a week of recovery subsequent to prolonged periods of sleep restriction is insufficient to recover fully. Only one measure (mean reaction time in Stroop task) reverted to baseline values, while the others did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremi K. Ochab
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Szwed
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Oleś
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bereś
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dante R. Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems & Brain Sciences (CEMSC3), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fąfrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halszka Ogińska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gudowska-Nowak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej A. Nowak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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124
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Ciria LF, Suárez-Pinilla M, Williams AG, Jagannathan SR, Sanabria D, Bekinschtein TA. Different underlying mechanisms for high and low arousal in probabilistic learning in humans. Cortex 2021; 143:180-194. [PMID: 34450566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans are uniquely capable of adapting to highly changing environments by updating relevant information and adjusting ongoing behaviour accordingly. Here we show how this ability -termed cognitive flexibility- is differentially modulated by high and low arousal fluctuations. We implemented a probabilistic reversal learning paradigm in healthy participants as they transitioned towards sleep or physical extenuation. The results revealed, in line with our pre-registered hypotheses, that low arousal leads to diminished behavioural performance through increased decision volatility, while performance decline under high arousal was attributed to increased perseverative behaviour. These findings provide evidence for distinct patterns of maladaptive decision-making on each side of the arousal inverted u-shaped curve, differentially affecting participants' ability to generate stable evidence-based strategies, and introduces wake-sleep and physical exercise transitions as complementary experimental models for investigating neural and cognitive dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Ciria
- Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK; Office of the National Director for Dementia Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Alex G Williams
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sridhar R Jagannathan
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Tristán A Bekinschtein
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK.
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125
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Xu Y, Yu P, Zheng J, Wang C, Hu T, Yang Q, Xu Z, Guo F, Tang X, Ren F, Zheng M, Zhu Y. Classifying Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation Using Resting-State Functional MRI Graph Theory Metrics. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:660365. [PMID: 34163320 PMCID: PMC8215264 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.660365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has become very common in contemporary society, where people work around the clock. SD-induced cognitive deficits show large inter-individual differences and are trait-like with known neural correlates. However, few studies have used neuroimaging to predict vulnerability to SD. Here, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) data were collected from 60 healthy subjects after resting wakefulness and after one night of SD. The number of PVT lapses was then used to classify participants on the basis of whether they were vulnerable or resilient to SD. We explored the viability of graph-theory-based degree centrality to accurately classify vulnerability to SD. Compared with during resting wakefulness, widespread changes in degree centrality (DC) were found after SD, indicating significant reorganization of sleep homeostasis with respect to activity in resting state brain network architecture. Support vector machine (SVM) analysis using leave-one-out cross-validation achieved a correct classification rate of 84.75% [sensitivity 82.76%, specificity 86.67%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.94] for differentiating vulnerable subjects from resilient subjects. Brain areas that contributed most to the classification model were mainly located within the sensorimotor network, default mode network, and thalamus. Furthermore, we found a significantly negative correlation between changes in PVT lapses and DC in the thalamus after SD. These findings suggest that resting-state network measures combined with a machine learning algorithm could have broad potential applications in screening vulnerability to SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ziliang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minwen Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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126
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Wei J, Boger J. Sleep Detection for Younger Adults, Healthy Older Adults, and Older Adults Living With Dementia Using Wrist Temperature and Actigraphy: Prototype Testing and Case Study Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e26462. [PMID: 34061038 PMCID: PMC8207254 DOI: 10.2196/26462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is essential for one's health and quality of life. Wearable technologies that use motion and temperature sensors have made it possible to self-monitor sleep. Although there is a growing body of research on sleep monitoring using wearable devices for healthy young-to-middle-aged adults, few studies have focused on older adults, including those living with dementia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the impact of age and dementia on sleep detection through movement and wrist temperature. METHODS A total of 10 younger adults, 10 healthy older adults, and 8 older adults living with dementia (OAWD) were recruited. Each participant wore a Mi Band 2 (accemetry-based sleep detection) and our custom-built wristband (actigraphy and wrist temperature) 24 hours a day for 2 weeks and was asked to keep a daily sleep journal. Sleep parameters detected by the Mi Band 2 were compared with sleep journals, and visual analysis of actigraphy and temperature data was performed. RESULTS The absolute differences in sleep onset and offset between the sleep journals and Mi Band 2 were 39 (SD 51) minutes and 31 (SD 52) minutes for younger adults, 49 (SD 58) minutes and 33 (SD 58) minutes for older adults, and 253 (SD 104) minutes and 161 (SD 94) minutes for OAWD. The Mi Band 2 was unable to accurately detect sleep in 3 healthy older adults and all OAWDs. The average sleep and wake temperature difference of OAWD (1.26 °C, SD 0.82 °C) was significantly lower than that of healthy older adults (2.04 °C, SD 0.70 °C) and healthy younger adults (2.48 °C, SD 0.88 °C). Actigraphy data showed that older adults had more movement during sleep compared with younger adults and that this trend appears to increase for those with dementia. CONCLUSIONS The Mi Band 2 did not accurately detect sleep in older adults who had greater levels of nighttime movement. As more nighttime movement appears to be a phenomenon that increases in prevalence with age and even more so with dementia, further research needs to be conducted with a larger sample size and greater diversity of commercially available wearable devices to explore these trends more conclusively. All participants, including older adults and OAWD, had a distinct sleep and wake wrist temperature contrast, which suggests that wrist temperature could be leveraged to create more robust and broadly applicable sleep detection algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of Computing and Information System, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Boger
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Schlegel Research Chair in Technology for Independent Living, Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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127
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Feng S, Huang H, Wang N, Wei Y, Liu Y, Qin D. Sleep Disorders in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights From Animal Models, Especially Non-human Primate Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:673372. [PMID: 34093147 PMCID: PMC8173056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.673372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with deficient social skills, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has increased among children in recent years. Children with ASD experience more sleep problems, and sleep appears to be essential for the survival and integrity of most living organisms, especially for typical synaptic development and brain plasticity. Many methods have been used to assess sleep problems over past decades such as sleep diaries and parent-reported questionnaires, electroencephalography, actigraphy and videosomnography. A substantial number of rodent and non-human primate models of ASD have been generated. Many of these animal models exhibited sleep disorders at an early age. The aim of this review is to examine and discuss sleep disorders in children with ASD. Toward this aim, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, phenotypic analyses, and pathophysiological brain mechanisms of ASD. We highlight the current state of animal models for ASD and explore their implications and prospects for investigating sleep disorders associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Feng
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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128
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van Schie MKM, Lammers GJ, Fronczek R, Middelkoop HAM, van Dijk JG. Vigilance: discussion of related concepts and proposal for a definition. Sleep Med 2021; 83:175-181. [PMID: 34022494 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed current definitions of vigilance to propose a definition, applicable in sleep medicine. As previous definitions contained terms such as attention, alertness, and arousal, we addressed these concepts too. We defined alertness as a quantitative measure of the mind state governing sensitivity to stimuli. Arousal comprises a stimulus-induced upward change in alertness, irrespective of the subsequent duration of the increased level of alertness. Vigilance is defined as the capability to be sensitive to potential changes in one's environment, ie the capability to reach a level of alertness above a threshold for a certain period of time rather than the state of alertness itself. It has quantitative and temporal dimensions. Attention adds direction towards a stimulus to alertness, requiring cognitive control: it involves being prepared to process stimuli coming from an expected direction. Sustained attention corresponds to a state in which some level of attention is purposefully maintained, adding a time factor to the definition of attention. Vigilance differs from sustained attention in that the latter in addition implies a direction to which attention is cognitively directed as well as a specification of duration. Attempts to measure vigilance, however, are often in fact measurements of sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca K M van Schie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
| | - Gert Jan Lammers
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Sleep-wake Center SEIN, Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Fronczek
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Sleep-wake Center SEIN, Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Huub A M Middelkoop
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - J Gert van Dijk
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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129
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Kurinec CA, Whitney P, Hinson JM, Hansen DA, Van Dongen HPA. Sleep Deprivation Impairs Binding of Information with Its Context. Sleep 2021; 44:6262625. [PMID: 33940625 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding information to its context in long-term memory is critical for many tasks, including memory tasks and decision making. Failure to associate information to its context could be an important aspect of sleep deprivation effects on cognition, but little is known about binding problems from being sleep-deprived at the time of encoding. We studied how sleep deprivation affects binding using a well-established paradigm testing the ability to remember auditorily presented words (items) and their speakers (source context). In a laboratory study, 68 healthy young adults were randomly assigned to total sleep deprivation or a well-rested control condition. Participants completed an affective item and source memory task twice: once after 7h awake during baseline and again 24h later, after nearly 31h awake in the total sleep deprivation condition or 7h awake in the control condition. Participants listened to negative, positive, and neutral words presented by a male or female speaker and were immediately tested for recognition of the words and their respective speakers. Recognition of items declined during sleep deprivation, but even when items were recognized accurately, recognition of their associated sources also declined. Negative items were less bound with their sources than positive or neutral items,but sleep deprivation did not significantly affect this pattern.Our findings indicate that learning while sleep-deprived disrupts the binding of information to its context independent of item valence. Such binding failures may contribute to sleep deprivation effects on tasks requiring the ability to bind new information together in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Kurinec
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Paul Whitney
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - John M Hinson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Devon A Hansen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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130
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Kunz D. Rethinking the use of hypnotics for treatment of insomnia in the elderly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:953-957. [PMID: 33757383 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kunz
- Clinic for Sleep- & Chronomedicine, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
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131
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Reitz SL, Kelz MB. Preoptic Area Modulation of Arousal in Natural and Drug Induced Unconscious States. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:644330. [PMID: 33642991 PMCID: PMC7907457 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.644330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) in arousal state regulation has been studied since Constantin von Economo first recognized its importance in the early twentieth century. Over the intervening decades, the POA has been shown to modulate arousal in both natural (sleep and wake) as well as drug-induced (anesthetic-induced unconsciousness) states. While the POA is well known for its role in sleep promotion, populations of wake-promoting neurons within the region have also been identified. However, the complexity and molecular heterogeneity of the POA has made distinguishing these two populations difficult. Though multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that general anesthetics modulate the activity of the POA, the region's heterogeneity has also made it challenging to determine whether the same neurons involved in sleep/wake regulation also modulate arousal in response to general anesthetics. While a number of studies show that sleep-promoting POA neurons are activated by various anesthetics, recent work suggests this is not universal to all arousal-regulating POA neurons. Technical innovations are making it increasingly possible to classify and distinguish the molecular identities of neurons involved in sleep/wake regulation as well as anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Here, we review the current understanding of the POA's role in arousal state regulation of both natural and drug-induced forms of unconsciousness, including its molecular organization and connectivity to other known sleep and wake promoting regions. Further insights into the molecular identities and connectivity of arousal-regulating POA neurons will be critical in fully understanding how this complex region regulates arousal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Reitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Circadian and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Max B. Kelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Circadian and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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132
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Davis CJ, Gerstner JR, Vanderheyden WM. Single prolonged stress blocks sleep homeostasis and pre-trauma sleep deprivation does not exacerbate the severity of trauma-induced fear-associated memory impairments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243743. [PMID: 33406143 PMCID: PMC7787370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is intimately linked to cognitive performance and exposure to traumatic stress that leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) impairs both sleep and cognitive function. However, the contribution of pre-trauma sleep loss to subsequent trauma-dependent fear-associated memory impairment remains unstudied. We hypothesized that sleep deprivation (SD) prior to trauma exposure may increase the severity of a PTSD-like phenotype in rats exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS), a rodent model of PTSD. Rats were exposed to SPS alone, SD alone, or a combination of SPS+SD and measures of fear-associated memory impairments and vigilance state changes were compared to a group of control animals not exposed to SPS or SD. We found that SPS, and SPS+SD animals showed impaired fear-associated memory processing and that the addition of SD to SPS did not further exaggerate the effect of SPS alone. Additionally, the combination of SPS with SD results in a unique homeostatic sleep duration phenotype when compared to SD, SPS, or control animals. SPS exposure following SD represses homeostatic rebound and eliminates sleep-deprivation-induced increases in NREM sleep delta power. This work identifies a unique time frame where trauma exposure and sleep interact and identifies this window of time as a potential therapeutic treatment window for staving off the negative consequences of trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - William M. Vanderheyden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
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133
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Gibbings A, Ray LB, Berberian N, Nguyen T, Shahidi Zandi A, Owen AM, Comeau FJE, Fogel SM. EEG and behavioural correlates of mild sleep deprivation and vigilance. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 132:45-55. [PMID: 33248433 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the behavioral, cognitive, and electrophysiological impact of mild (only a few hours) and acute (one night) sleep loss via simultaneously recorded behavioural and physiological measures of vigilance. METHODS Participants (N = 23) came into the lab for two testing days where their brain activity and vigilance were recorded and assessed. The night before the testing session, participants either slept from 12am to 9am (Normally Rested), or from 1am to 6am (Sleep Restriction). RESULTS Vigilance was reduced and sleepiness was increased in the Sleep Restricted vs. Normally Rested condition, and this was exacerbated over the course of performing the vigilance task. As well, sleep restriction resulted in more intense alpha bursts. Lastly, EEG spectral power differed in Sleep Restricted vs. Normally Rested conditions as sleep onset progressed, particularly for frequencies reflecting arousal (e.g., delta, alpha, beta). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that only one night of mild sleep loss significantly increases sleepiness and, importantly, reduces vigilance. In addition, this sleep loss has a clear impact on the physiology of the brain in ways that reflect reduced arousal. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the neural correlates and cognitive processes associated with loss of sleep may lead to important advancements in identifying and preventing deleterious or potentially dangerous, sleep-related lapses in vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gibbings
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - L B Ray
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - N Berberian
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - T Nguyen
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - A Shahidi Zandi
- Alcohol Countermeasures Systems Corp (ACS), Toronto M9W 6J2, Canada
| | - A M Owen
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - F J E Comeau
- Alcohol Countermeasures Systems Corp (ACS), Toronto M9W 6J2, Canada
| | - S M Fogel
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada; The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London N6A 5B7, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.
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134
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Mughal R, Hill CM, Joyce A, Dimitriou D. Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110863. [PMID: 33207724 PMCID: PMC7697116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. However, little is known about the association between sleep and the cognitive phenotype in these clinical populations. Structural damage affecting cortical and subcortical connectivity occurs as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with FASD, whilst it is believed an abundance of short-range connectivity explains the phenotypic manifestations of childhood ASD. These underlying neural structural and connectivity differences manifest as cognitive patterns, with some shared and some unique characteristics between FASD and ASD. This is the first study to examine sleep and its association with cognition in individuals with FASD, and to compare sleep in individuals with FASD and ASD. We assessed children aged 6–12 years with a diagnosis of FASD (n = 29), ASD (n = 21), and Typically Developing (TD) children (n = 46) using actigraphy (CamNTech Actiwatch 8), digit span tests of working memory (Weschler Intelligence Scale), tests of nonverbal mental age (MA; Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices), receptive vocabulary (British Picture Vocabulary Scale), and a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Children with FASD and ASD presented with significantly shorter total sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and more nocturnal wakings than their TD peers. Sleep was significantly associated with scores on the cognitive tests in all three groups. Our findings support the growing body of work asserting that sleep is significant to cognitive functioning in these neurodevelopmental conditions; however, more research is needed to determine cause and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabya Mughal
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine M. Hill
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Anna Joyce
- School of Psychotherapy & Psychology, Regent’s University London, London NW1 4NS, UK;
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK;
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135
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Stefansdottir R, Gundersen H, Rognvaldsdottir V, Lundervold AS, Gestsdottir S, Gudmundsdottir SL, Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Johannsson E. Association between free-living sleep and memory and attention in healthy adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16877. [PMID: 33037281 PMCID: PMC7547704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In laboratory studies, imposed sleep restriction consistently reduces cognitive performance. However, the association between objectively measured, free-living sleep and cognitive function has not been studied in older adolescents. To address this gap, we measured one week of sleep with a wrist-worn GT3X+ actigraph in 160 adolescents (96 girls, 17.7 ± 0.3 years) followed by assessment of working memory with an n-back task and visual attention with a Posner cue-target task. Over the week, participants spent 7.1 ± 0.8 h/night in bed and slept 6.2 ± 0.8 h/night with 88.5 ± 4.8% efficiency and considerable intra-participant night-to-night variation, with a standard deviation in sleep duration of 1.2 ± 0.7 h. Sleep measures the night before cognitive testing were similar to weekly averages. Time in bed the night before cognitive testing was negatively associated with response times during the most challenging memory task (3-back; p = 0.005). However, sleep measures the night before did not correlate with performance on the attention task and weekly sleep parameters were not associated with either cognitive task. Our data suggests shorter acute free-living sleep may negatively impact difficult memory tasks, however the relationship between free-living sleep and cognitive task performance in healthy adolescents is less clear than that of laboratory findings, perhaps due to high night-to-night sleep variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Stefansdottir
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hilde Gundersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vaka Rognvaldsdottir
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Alexander S Lundervold
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sunna Gestsdottir
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland. .,Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
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136
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Skeiky L, Brager AJ, Satterfield BC, Petrovick M, Balkin TJ, Capaldi VF, Ratcliffe RH, Van Dongen HPA, Hansen DA. TNFα G308A genotype, resilience to sleep deprivation, and the effect of caffeine on psychomotor vigilance performance in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1461-1464. [PMID: 32933332 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1821044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The TNFα G308A gene polymorphism has been reported to influence performance impairment during total sleep deprivation (TSD). We investigated this effect in a randomized, double-blind, crossover laboratory study of repeated exposure to 48 h TSD with caffeine administration at different doses. In a retrospective analysis, we replicated the finding that the A allele of TNFα G308A, found in 4 of 12 study participants, confers resilience to performance impairment during TSD. There was no evidence of an interaction of TNFα genotype with the beneficial effect of caffeine (200 or 300 mg) on performance during TSD, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Skeiky
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Allison J Brager
- Sleep Research Center, Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brieann C Satterfield
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Martha Petrovick
- Group 49 - Biological and Chemical Technologies, MIT Lincoln Labs, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Balkin
- Sleep Research Center, Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vincent F Capaldi
- Sleep Research Center, Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ruthie H Ratcliffe
- Sleep Research Center, Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Devon A Hansen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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137
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Promoting physician wellness in the current environment of increasing burnout presents a great challenge to the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society and its members. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) has been a leader in recognizing this problem and organizing to combat it. The increasing rates of job dissatisfaction, burnout, depression, and suicide demand comprehensive and focused action to identify and address the drivers of burnout. Continuing to ignore this problem endangers our organization, our members, our families, and our patients. METHODS A review of relevant literature and the work of the POSNA wellness committee was completed. RESULTS Addressing the epidemic of burnout requires a sustained effort to address intrinsic factors such as health, performance, and resilience as well as external factors that affect practice efficiency and environment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The goal of this effort is restoration of joy to the practitioners in medicine and more compassionate care for the patients who seek it.
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138
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Smith D, Fang Z, Thompson K, Fogel S. Sleep and individual differences in intellectual abilities. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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139
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Angelelli P, Macchitella L, Toraldo DM, Abbate E, Marinelli CV, Arigliani M, De Benedetto M. The Neuropsychological Profile of Attention Deficits of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Update on the Daytime Attentional Impairment. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060325. [PMID: 32471112 PMCID: PMC7349097 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from several neurocognitive disturbances. One of the neuropsychological processes most investigated in OSA patients is attention, but the results have been controversial. Here, we update the attention profile of OSA patients with the final aim to improve attention assessment, with a possible impact on clinical and medical-legal practices, in terms of which attention subdomains and parameters need consideration and which one is a high-risk OSA phenotype for attention dysfunctions. Method: For this purpose, we assessed 32 previously untreated OSA patients (26 men and 6 women) under 65 years of age (mean age 53.2 ± 7.3; mean education level 10.4 ± 3.4 years) suffering from moderate to severe sleep apnea and hypopnea (mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 45.3 ± 22.9, range 16.1–69.6). A control group of 34 healthy participants matched with OSA patients for age, education level, and general cognitive functioning were also enrolled. The OSA patients and healthy participants were tested through an extensive computerized battery (Test of Attentional Performance, TAP) that evaluated intensive (i.e., alertness and vigilance) and selective (i.e., divided and selective) dimensions of attention and returned different outcome parameters (i.e., reaction time, stability of performance, and various types of errors). Data analysis: The data were analyzed by ANCOVA which compared the speed and accuracy performance of the OSA and control participants (cognitive reserve was treated as a covariate). The possible mechanisms underlying attention deficits in OSA patients were examined through correlation analysis among AHI, oxygenation parameters, sleepiness scores, and TAP outcomes and by comparing the following three phenotypes of patients: severe OSA and severe nocturnal desaturators (AHI++D+), severe OSA nondesaturators (AHI++D−), and moderate OSA nondesaturators (AHI+D−). Results: The results suggest that the OSA patients manifest deficits in both intensive and selective attention processes and that reaction time (RT) alone is ineffective for detecting and characterizing their problems, for which error analysis and stability of performance also have to be considered. Patients with severe OSA and severe hypoxemia underperformed on alertness and vigilance attention subtests. Conclusions: The data suggest the importance of evaluating attention deficits among OSA patients through several parameters (including performance instability). Moreover, the data suggest a multifaceted mechanism underlying attention dysfunction in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Angelelli
- Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (C.V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Macchitella
- Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (C.V.M.)
| | | | - Elena Abbate
- Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Chiara Valeria Marinelli
- Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (C.V.M.)
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140
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Alfonsi V, Palmizio R, Rubino A, Scarpelli S, Gorgoni M, D'Atri A, Pazzaglia M, Ferrara M, Giuliano S, De Gennaro L. The Association Between School Start Time and Sleep Duration, Sustained Attention, and Academic Performance. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:1161-1172. [PMID: 33328774 PMCID: PMC7735793 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s273875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In adolescence, physiological (circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep) and social habits contribute to delayed sleep onset, while social obligations impose early sleep offset. The effects of delayed school start time on the subjective/objective measures of sleep-wake patterns and academic achievement have not been established. METHODS This pre-, post-, and longitudinal non-randomized study included an early (8:00 am; ESC=30 students) and the late (9:00 am; LSC=21 students) start class. Multiple sleep data included a weekly sleep diary, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sustained attention was measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Academic performance was evaluated by two different mathematical and scientific standard tests (entrance and final) and by school attendance indicators. Data were collected at monthly intervals from October 2018 to May 2019 and the beginning and end of the academic year (pre/post). RESULTS All students turned their lights off at similar times (LSC=11:21pm, ESC=11:11pm), but LSC students woke up later (7:23am) than ESC students (6:55am; F1,48=11.81, p=0.001) on school days. The groups did not differ in total sleep duration on non-school days. Longitudinal measures revealed a significant increase (8.9%, 34 min) in total sleep duration of LSC students across the academic year. ESC students maintained approximately the same sleep duration. Furthermore, changes in sleep duration had parallelled significant differences in sustained attention, with LSC students outperforming ESC students. Longitudinal changes of sleep and sustained attention were associated with a coherent pattern of changes in academic performance. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that a one-hour delay in school start time is associated with longer sleep, better diurnal sustained attention, attendance, and improved academic performance. Notably, sleep changes were limited to school days. A delay in school start time should be seriously considered to improve sleep and academic achievements of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Alfonsi
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariella Pazzaglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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141
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Winkelman
- Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, USA.
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142
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Magnavita N, Di Stasio E, Capitanelli I, Lops EA, Chirico F, Garbarino S. Sleep Problems and Workplace Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:997. [PMID: 31632231 PMCID: PMC6779772 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out to study the relationship between workplace violence and sleep problems. Methods: The PRISMA statement was used to conduct a systematic search of the literature on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Sociological abstract, DOAJ, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Of the original number of 749 studies, 34 were included in the systematic review, and 7 in the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 119,361 participants from 15 different countries took part in these studies which were published between 1999 and 2019. Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 96%). In a random-effects meta-analysis model, pooled odds ratio (OR) analysis revealed that there was a direct relationship between occupational exposure to violence and sleep problems (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.77–3.66). According to the GRADE guidelines, the quality of evidence of the association was low. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that occupational exposure to physical, verbal, or sexual violence is associated with sleep problems. Further research on the relationship between violence and sleep is needed so that appropriate measures can be taken to prevent violence and improve sleep hygiene in the workplace. Trial Registration Number: PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42019124903) February 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women/Child & Public Health, Gemelli General Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women/Child & Public Health, Gemelli General Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capitanelli
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Alessandra Lops
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Mother and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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