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Jia L, Yang Z, Sun L, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Chen Y, Dai Y, Xia Y. A three-dimensional-printed SPION/PLGA scaffold for enhanced palate-bone regeneration and concurrent alteration of the oral microbiota in rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112173. [PMID: 34082974 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold implantation for the repair of oral bone defects involves an interplay between the scaffold biomaterial and the microenvironment. However, previous studies on this subject have only considered the effects of the immune system and largely ignored those of the oral microbiota. Accordingly, in the present study, we prepared composite scaffolds comprising a three-dimensional poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) matrix with a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) coating and used a rat model to evaluate their palate-bone-regenerating effects and their interaction with the oral microbiota. It was found that the SPION coated scaffold induced better bone regeneration than that achieved by the controls. Furthermore, it significantly decreased the operational taxonomic units (OTU) numbers as determined by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing, and also resulted in decreased Chao and ACE alpha diversity indexes compared with those of the controls. However, it had no effect on beta diversity. SPION coated scaffolds caused a shift in oral bacterial composition characterized by a decrease in the Clostridium spp. population, and the dominant flora being Proteobacteria. Furthermore, SPION coated scaffolds upregulated the concentration of serum iron, hepcidin, and P1NP. Thus, SPION coated scaffolds enhanced bone regeneration, and this effect was partly related to alteration of the oral microbiota by the antibacterial effects of SPION. Our findings provide a better understanding of the role of oral microbiota in oral bone regeneration and how SPION coated scaffolds can be used to enhance it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zukun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Liuxu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Corona laboratory, Nanjing Suman Plasma Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211162, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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102
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Nikinmaa S, Moilanen N, Sorsa T, Rantala J, Alapulli H, Kotiranta A, Auvinen P, Kankuri E, Meurman JH, Pätilä T. Indocyanine Green-Assisted and LED-Light-Activated Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Reduces Dental Plaque. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9050052. [PMID: 34063662 PMCID: PMC8147628 DOI: 10.3390/dj9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and first efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted antimicrobial photodynamictherapy (aPDT) as activated using LED light to the dental plaque. Methods: Fifteen healthy adults were assigned to this four-day randomized study. After rinsing with ICG, 100 J/cm2 of 810 nm LED light was applied to the aPDT-treatment area. Plaque area and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were measured, and plaque bacteriomes before and after the study were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: aPDT administration was preformed successfully and plaque-specifically with the combination of ICG and the applicator. Total plaque area and endpoint MMP-8 levels were reduced on the aPDT-treatment side. aPDT reduced Streptococcus, Acinetobacteria, Capnocytophaga, and Rothia bacteria species in plaques. Conclusion: ICG-assisted aPDT reduces plaque forming bacteria and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proteolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Nikinmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 12200 Espoo, Finland; (S.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Niina Moilanen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (T.S.); (H.A.); (A.K.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (T.S.); (H.A.); (A.K.); (J.H.M.)
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Rantala
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 12200 Espoo, Finland; (S.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Heikki Alapulli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (T.S.); (H.A.); (A.K.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Anja Kotiranta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (T.S.); (H.A.); (A.K.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jukka H. Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (T.S.); (H.A.); (A.K.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
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103
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Jensen ED, Selway CA, Allen G, Bednarz J, Weyrich LS, Gue S, Peña AS, Couper J. Early markers of periodontal disease and altered oral microbiota are associated with glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:474-481. [PMID: 33398933 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and to characterize the diversity and composition of their oral microbiota. METHODS Cross-sectional study including children with type 1 diabetes recruited from clinics at the Women's and Children's Hospital (Australia). Participants had a comprehensive dental assessment, periodontal examination, and buccal and gingival samples collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Seventy-seven participants (age 13.3 ± 2.6 years, 38 males, BMI z-score 0.81 ± 0.75) had a diabetes duration of 5.6 ± 3.9 years and median HbA1c of 8.5% (range 5.8-13.3), 69.4 mmol/mol (range 39.9-121.9). Thirty-eight (49%) had early markers of periodontal disease. HbA1c was positively correlated with plaque index (Rho = 0.34, P = 0.002), gingival index (Rho = 0.30, P = 0.009), bleeding on probing (Rho = 0.44, P = 0.0001) and periodontal pocket depth >3 mm (Rho = 0.21, P = 0.06). A 1% increase in HbA1c was independently associated with an average increase in bleeding on probing of 25% (P = 0.002) and with an increase in the rate of sites with pocket depth >3 mm of 54% (P = 0.003). Higher HbA1c was independently related to increased phylogenetic alpha diversity (P = 0.008) and increased compositional variation (beta diversity P = 0.02) in gingival, but not buccal, microbiota. Brushing frequency, plaque index, and gingival index had a significant effect on microbiota composition, independent of HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Children with type 1 diabetes showed a continuous relationship between less favorable glycemic control and increased early markers of periodontal disease. Glycemic control was also related to the complexity and richness of the plaque microbiota, with diversity increasing as HbA1c levels increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija D Jensen
- Discipline of Paediatric Dentistry, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Caitlin A Selway
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Allen
- Discipline of Paediatric Dentistry, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jana Bednarz
- Adelaide Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Anthropology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sam Gue
- Private Practice, Dulwich, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexia S Peña
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Couper
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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104
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Ghorbani M, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Stephen Joseph GB, Tew MM, Ramly SS, Muhamad Rasat MA, Lee SY. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:39-49. [PMID: 33252574 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with marked symptoms of hallucination, delusion, and impaired cognitive behaviors. Although multidimensional factors have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, the principal cause of the disorder remains debatable. Microbiome involvement in the etiology of schizophrenia has been widely researched due to the advancement in sequencing technologies. This review describes the contribution of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia that is facilitated by the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota is connected to the gut-brain axis via several pathways and mechanisms, that are discussed in this review. The role of the oral microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics in shaping the gut microbiota are also highlighted. Lastly, future perspectives for microbiome research in schizophrenia are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Ghorbani
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University
| | - Heera Rajandas
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University
| | - Sivachandran Parimannan
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University
| | - Gerard Benedict Stephen Joseph
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University
| | - Mei Mei Tew
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar
| | - Siti Salwa Ramly
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani
| | | | - Su Yin Lee
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University
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105
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Rodrigues MX, Fiani N, Bicalho RC, Peralta S. Preliminary functional analysis of the subgingival microbiota of cats with periodontitis and feline chronic gingivostomatitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6896. [PMID: 33767308 PMCID: PMC7994850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The subgingival microbial communities of domestic cats remain incompletely characterized and it is unknown whether their functional profiles are associated with disease. In this study, we used a shotgun metagenomic approach to explore the functional potential of subgingival microbial communities in client-owned cats, comparing findings between periodontally healthy cats and cats with naturally occurring chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and feline chronic gingivostomatitis. Subgingival samples were subjected to shotgun sequencing and the metagenomic datasets were analyzed using the MG-RAST metagenomic analysis server and STAMP v2.1.3 (Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles) software. The microbial composition was also described to better understand the predicted features of the communities. The Respiration category in the level 1 Subsystems database varied significantly among groups. In this category, the abundance of V-Type ATP-synthase and Biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidases were significantly enriched in the diseased and in the healthy groups, respectively. Both features have been previously described in periodontal studies in people and are in consonance with the microbial composition of feline subgingival sites. In addition, the narH (nitrate reductase) gene frequency, identified using the KEGG Orthology database, was significantly increased in the healthy group. The results of this study provide preliminary functional insights of the microbial communities associated with periodontitis in domestic cats and suggest that the ATP-synthase and nitrate-nitrite-NO pathways may represent appropriate targets for the treatment of this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Xavier Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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106
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Rapone B, Ferrara E, Corsalini M, Qorri E, Converti I, Lorusso F, Delvecchio M, Gnoni A, Scacco S, Scarano A. Inflammatory Status and Glycemic Control Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063018. [PMID: 33804123 PMCID: PMC7998112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Based on the holistic approach to prevention diabetic disease, the role of periodontal inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is under intensive scrutiny. Data from clinical trials have shown benefit from a periodontal therapy in providing patients with type 2 diabetes improvement despite relatively disappointing long-terms response rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term glycemic control level and systemic inflammatory status after periodontal therapy. Methods: This was a randomized trial with a 6-months follow-up. Participants aged 56.4 ± 7.9 years with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and periodontitis were enrolled. Among the 187 type 2 diabetic patients, 93 were randomly assigned to receive non-surgical periodontal treatment immediately and 94 to receive the delayed treatment. Within and between groups comparison was done during the study period, and the differences between groups were assessed. Results: The difference between HbA1c values at baseline (Mdn = 7.7) and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment (Mdn = 7.2) was statistically significant, U = 3174.5, p = 0.012, r = 0.187. However, although technically a positive correlation, the relationship between the glycated hemoglobin value and periodontal variables was weak. The differences between both the groups over 6 months were not statistically considerable, failing to reach statistical significance. At 6 months the difference between groups about the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was statistically significant, U=1839.5, p = 0, r = 0.472, with a lower concentration for the intervention group. Furthermore, the intervention group showed a statistically significant difference between baseline and 6 months evaluation (U = 2606.5, p = 0, r = 0.308). Conclusions: The periodontal intervention potentially may allow individuals with type 2 diabetes to improve glycemic control and CRP concentrations, and diabetes alters the periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Rapone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3477619817
| | - Elisabetta Ferrara
- Complex Operative Unit of Odontostomatology, Hospital S.S. Annunziata, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Erda Qorri
- Dean Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Bulevardi Zogu I, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Ilaria Converti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology and CeSi-Met University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Maurizio Delvecchio
- Department of Metabolic and Genetic Diseases, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology and CeSi-Met University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.); (A.S.)
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107
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Lenkowski M, Nijakowski K, Kaczmarek M, Surdacka A. The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique in Periodontal Diagnostics: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1189. [PMID: 33809163 PMCID: PMC8000232 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The course of periodontal disease is affected by many factors; however, the most significant are the dysbiotic microflora, showing different pathogenicity levels. Rapid colonization in the subgingival environment can radically change the clinical state of the periodontium. This systematic review aims to present an innovative technique of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid panel identification of bacteria in periodontal diseases. The decisive advantage of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique in relation to molecular methods based on the identification of nucleic acids (such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR or qPCR) is the ability to determine more pathogens simultaneously, as well as with higher sensitivity. In comparison with classical microbiological seeding techniques, the use of the LAMP method shortens a few days waiting time to a few minutes, reducing the time necessary to identify the species and determine the number of microorganisms. The LAMP technology requires only a small hardware base; hence it is possible to use it in outpatient settings. The developed technique provides the possibility of almost immediate assessment of periodontal status and, above all, risk assessment of complications during the treatment (uncontrolled spread of inflammation), which can certainly be of key importance in clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lenkowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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108
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Abusleme L, Hoare A, Hong BY, Diaz PI. Microbial signatures of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:57-78. [PMID: 33690899 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The subgingival crevice harbors diverse microbial communities. Shifts in the composition of these communities occur with the development of gingivitis and periodontitis, which are considered as successive stages of periodontal health deterioration. It is not clear, however, to what extent health- and gingivitis-associated microbiota are protective, or whether these communities facilitate the successive growth of periodontitis-associated taxa. To further our understanding of the dynamics of the microbial stimuli that trigger disruptions in periodontal homeostasis, we reviewed the available literature with the aim of defining specific microbial signatures associated with different stages of periodontal dysbiosis. Although several studies have evaluated the subgingival communities present in different periodontal conditions, we found limited evidence for the direct comparison of communities in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Therefore, we aimed to better define subgingival microbiome shifts by merging and reanalyzing, using unified bioinformatic processing strategies, publicly available 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon datasets of periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Despite inherent methodological differences across studies, distinct community structures were found for health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, demonstrating the specific associations between gingival tissue status and the subgingival microbiome. Consistent with the concept that periodontal dysbiosis is the result of a process of microbial succession without replacement, more species were detected in disease than in health. However, gingivitis-associated communities were more diverse than those from subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that certain species ultimately become dominant as dysbiosis progresses. We identified the bacterial species associated with each periodontal condition and prevalent species that do not change in abundance from one state to another (core species), and we also outlined species co-occurrence patterns via network analysis. Most periodontitis-associated species were rarely detected in health but were frequently detected, albeit in low abundance, in gingivitis, which suggests that gingivitis and periodontitis are a continuum. Overall, we provide a framework of subgingival microbiome shifts, which can be used to generate hypotheses with respect to community assembly processes and the emergence of periodontal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Abusleme
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Craniofacial Translational Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,UB Microbiome Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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109
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Longitudinal Multi-omics and Microbiome Meta-analysis Identify an Asymptomatic Gingival State That Links Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and Aging. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03281-20. [PMID: 33688007 PMCID: PMC8092283 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03281-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant portion of world population still fails to brush teeth daily. As a result, the majority of the global adult population is afflicted with chronic gingivitis, and if it is left untreated, some of them will eventually suffer from periodontitis. Most adults experience episodes of gingivitis, which can progress to the irreversible, chronic state of periodontitis, yet roles of plaque in gingivitis onset and progression to periodontitis remain elusive. Here, we longitudinally profiled the plaque metagenome, the plaque metabolome, and salivary cytokines in 40 adults who transited from naturally occurring gingivitis (NG) to healthy gingivae (baseline) and then to experimental gingivitis (EG). During EG, rapid and consistent alterations in plaque microbiota, metabolites, and salivary cytokines emerged as early as 24 to 72 h after oral-hygiene pause, defining an asymptomatic suboptimal health (SoH) stage of the gingivae. SoH features a swift, full activation of 11 salivary cytokines but a steep synergetic decrease of plaque-derived betaine and Rothia spp., suggesting an anti-gum inflammation mechanism by health-promoting symbionts. Global, cross-cohort meta-analysis revealed, at SoH, a greatly elevated microbiome-based periodontitis index driven by its convergence of both taxonomical and functional profiles toward the periodontitis microbiome. Finally, post-SoH gingivitis development accelerates oral microbiota aging by over 1 year within 28 days, with Rothia spp. depletion and Porphyromonas gingivalis elevation as hallmarks. Thus, the microbiome-defined, transient gum SoH stage is a crucial link among gingivitis, periodontitis, and aging.
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110
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Cugini C, Ramasubbu N, Tsiagbe VK, Fine DH. Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617485. [PMID: 33763040 PMCID: PMC7982844 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of microbiology and immunology with regard to caries and periodontal disease gained substantial clinical or research consideration in the mid 1960's. This enhanced emphasis related to several simple but elegant experiments illustrating the relevance of bacteria to oral infections. Since that point, the understanding of oral diseases has become increasingly sophisticated and many of the original hypotheses related to disease causality have either been abandoned or amplified. The COVID pandemic has reminded us of the importance of history relative to infectious diseases and in the words of Churchill "those who fail to learn from history are condemned to repeat it." This review is designed to present an overview of broad general directions of research over the last 60 years in oral microbiology and immunology, reviewing significant contributions, indicating emerging foci of interest, and proposing future directions based on technical advances and new understandings. Our goal is to review this rich history (standard microbiology and immunology) and point to potential directions in the future (omics) that can lead to a better understanding of disease. Over the years, research scientists have moved from a position of downplaying the role of bacteria in oral disease to one implicating bacteria as true pathogens that cause disease. More recently it has been proposed that bacteria form the ecological first line of defense against "foreign" invaders and also serve to train the immune system as an acquired host defensive stimulus. While early immunological research was focused on immunological exposure as a modulator of disease, the "hygiene hypothesis," and now the "old friends hypothesis" suggest that the immune response could be trained by bacteria for long-term health. Advanced "omics" technologies are currently being used to address changes that occur in the host and the microbiome in oral disease. The "omics" methodologies have shaped the detection of quantifiable biomarkers to define human physiology and pathologies. In summary, this review will emphasize the role that commensals and pathobionts play in their interaction with the immune status of the host, with a prediction that current "omic" technologies will allow researchers to better understand disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cugini
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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111
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Rodrigues R, Chung AP, Mortensen MS, Fernandes MH, Monteiro AB, Furfuro R, Silva CC, Manso MC, Sørensen SJ, Morais PV. Temporal oral microbiome changes with brushing in children with cleft lip and palate. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06513. [PMID: 33817376 PMCID: PMC8005767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of children with CLP, from two different age groups, and evaluate the effect of supervised or unsupervised toothbrushing on the microbiome of the cleft over time. Swab samples were collected from the cleft area at three different time points (A; no brushing, B; after 15 days and C; after 30 days) and were analyzed using next-generation sequencing to determine the microbial composition and diversity in these time points. Overall, brushing significantly decreased the abundance of the genera Alloprevotella and Leptotrichia in the two age groups examined, and for Alloprevotella this decrease was more evident for children (2-6 years old). In the preteen group (7-12 years old), a significant relative increase of the genus Rothia was observed after brushing. In this study, the systematic brushing over a period of thirty days also resulted in differences at the intra-individual bacterial richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rodrigues
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Porto, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Chung
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martin S. Mortensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maria H. Fernandes
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV/REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rowney Furfuro
- Compor Clinic, R. Aval de Cima 34, 4200-105, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia C. Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Manso
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV/REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Praça de 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - Søren J. Sørensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Paula V. Morais
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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112
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Manzoor M, Lommi S, Furuholm J, Sarkkola C, Engberg E, Raju S, Viljakainen H. High abundance of sugar metabolisers in saliva of children with caries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4424. [PMID: 33627735 PMCID: PMC7904847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, dynamic disease with early onset. A balanced salivary microbiota is a foundation of oral health, while dysbiosis causes tooth decay. We compared the saliva microbiota profiles in children with and without caries. The study consisted of 617 children aged 9–12 years from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study with available register data on oral health. Caries status was summarised based on Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in permanent dentition. The children were then classified into the following two groups: DMFT value ≥ 1 was considered as cavitated caries lesions (hereafter called ‘caries’) (n = 208) and DMFT = 0 as ‘cavity free’ (n = 409). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 regions) was amplified using PCR and sequenced by Illumina HiSeq. The mean age (SD) of the children was 11.7 (0.4) years and 56% were girls. The children had relatively good dental health with mean DMFT of 0.86 (1.97). Since sex was the key determinant of microbiota composition (p = 0.014), we focused on sex-stratified analysis. Alpha diversity indexes did not differ between caries and cavity free groups in either sexes (Shannon: p = 0.40 and 0.58; Inverse Simpson: p = 0.51 and 0.60, in boys and girls, respectively); neither did the composition differ between the groups (p = 0.070 for boys and p = 0.230 for girls). At the genus level, Paludibacter and Labrenzia had higher abundances in the caries group compared to cavity free group in both sexes (p < 0.001). Taken together, there were minor differences in saliva microbiota between children with and without caries. Potential biomarkers of caries were the sugar metabolisers Paludibacter and Labrenzia. These bacteria presumably enhance salivary acidification, which contributes to progression of dental caries. The clinical relevance of our findings warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohvi Lommi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Furuholm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sajan Raju
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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113
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Davison E, Johnston W, Piela K, Rosier BT, Paterson M, Mira A, Culshaw S. The Subgingival Plaque Microbiome, Systemic Antibodies Against Bacteria and Citrullinated Proteins Following Periodontal Therapy. Pathogens 2021; 10:193. [PMID: 33578802 PMCID: PMC7916579 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) shows an association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic inflammation. Periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, are proposed to be capable of inducing citrullination of peptides in the gingiva, inducing the formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) within susceptible hosts. Here, we sought to investigate whether periodontal treatment influenced systemic inflammation and antibody titres to P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and ACPA in 42 systemically health patients with periodontal disease. Subgingival plaque and serum samples were collected from study participants before (baseline) and 90 days after treatment to analyse the abundance of specific bacteria and evaluate anti-bacterial antibodies, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ACPA in serum. Following treatment, all patients showed reduced periodontal inflammation. Despite observing a weak positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 with periodontal inflammation at baseline, we observed no significant reductions in any indicators of systemic inflammation 90 days after treatment. In contrast, anti-P. gingivalis IgG significantly reduced post-treatment (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test), although no changes were observed for other antibody titres. Patients who had detectable P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques had significantly higher anti-P. gingivalis IgG and ACPA titres, suggesting a potential association between P. gingivalis colonisation and systemic antibody titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Davison
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
| | - William Johnston
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
- Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bob T. Rosier
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain; (B.T.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Michael Paterson
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Alex Mira
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain; (B.T.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
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114
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Relvas M, Regueira-Iglesias A, Balsa-Castro C, Salazar F, Pacheco JJ, Cabral C, Henriques C, Tomás I. Relationship between dental and periodontal health status and the salivary microbiome: bacterial diversity, co-occurrence networks and predictive models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:929. [PMID: 33441710 PMCID: PMC7806737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess the impact on salivary microbiome of different grades of dental and periodontal disease and the combination of both (hereinafter referred to as oral disease), in terms of bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network patterns and predictive models. Our scale of overall oral health was used to produce a convenience sample of 81 patients from 270 who were initially recruited. Saliva samples were collected from each participant. Sequencing was performed in Illumina MiSeq with 2 × 300 bp reads, while the raw reads were processed according to the Mothur pipeline. The statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data at the species level was conducted using the phyloseq, DESeq2, Microbiome, SpiecEasi, igraph, MixOmics packages. The simultaneous presence of dental and periodontal pathology has a potentiating effect on the richness and diversity of the salivary microbiota. The structure of the bacterial community in oral health differs from that present in dental, periodontal or oral disease, especially in high grades. Supragingival dental parameters influence the microbiota’s abundance more than subgingival periodontal parameters, with the former making a greater contribution to the impact that oral health has on the salivary microbiome. The possible keystone OTUs are different in the oral health and disease, and even these vary between dental and periodontal disease: half of them belongs to the core microbiome and are independent of the abundance parameters. The salivary microbiome, involving a considerable number of OTUs, shows an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing different grades of dental, periodontal or oral disease; considering the number of predictive OTUs, the best model is that which predicts the combined dental and periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Relvas
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - A Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, 15872, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, 15872, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Salazar
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - J J Pacheco
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - C Cabral
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - C Henriques
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - I Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, 15872, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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115
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The impact of smoking different tobacco types on the subgingival microbiome and periodontal health: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1113. [PMID: 33441919 PMCID: PMC7806658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is limited research on the effect of other tobacco types on the oral microbiome. This study investigates subgingival microbiome composition in smokers of different tobacco types and their effect on periodontal health. Subgingival plaques were collected from 40 individuals, including smokers of either cigarettes, medwakh, or shisha, and non-smokers seeking dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The entire (~ 1500 bp) 16S rRNA bacterial gene was fully amplified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Subjects were compared for the relative abundance and diversity of subgingival microbiota, considering smoking and periodontal condition. The relative abundances of several pathogens were significantly higher among smokers, such as Prevotella denticola and Treponema sp. OMZ 838 in medwakh smokers, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar in cigarette smokers, Streptococcus sanguinis and Tannerella forsythia in shisha smokers. Subgingival microbiome of smokers was altered even in subjects with no or mild periodontitis, probably making them more prone to severe periodontal diseases. Microbiome profiling can be a useful tool for periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to investigate the impact of tobacco cessation on periodontal disease progression and oral microbiome.
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116
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Ng E, Tay JRH, Balan P, Ong MMA, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Seneviratne CJ. Metagenomic sequencing provides new insights into the subgingival bacteriome and aetiopathology of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:205-218. [PMID: 33410172 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
"Open-ended" molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA sequencing have revealed that the oral bacteriome of subgingival plaque is more diverse than originally thought. 16S rRNA analysis has demonstrated that constituents of the overall bacterial community are qualitatively similar in health and disease, differing mainly in their relative proportions with respect to each other. Species in low abundance can also act as critical species, leading to the concept of global community dysbiosis which relates to shifts in community structure, rather than shifts in membership. Correlation analysis suggests that coordinated interactions in the community are essential for incipient dysbiosis and disease pathogenesis. The subgingival bacteriome also provides biomarkers that are useful for disease detection and management. Combined with clinical and biological parameters, these may assist clinicians in developing and implementing effective treatment strategies to restore microbial homeostasis and monitor disease. Identification of higher risk groups or poor responders to treatment using unique subgingival bacteriome signatures may also lead to early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Ng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John R H Tay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Balan
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marianne M A Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chaminda J Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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117
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Willis JR, Iraola-Guzmán S, Saus E, Ksiezopolska E, Cozzuto L, Bejarano LA, Andreu-Somavilla N, Alloza-Trabado M, Puig-Sola A, Blanco A, Broglio E, Carolis C, Hecht J, Ponomarenko J, Gabaldón T. Oral microbiome in down syndrome and its implications on oral health. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1865690. [PMID: 33456723 PMCID: PMC7782466 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1865690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The oral cavity harbors an abundant and diverse microbial community (i.e. the microbiome), whose composition and roles in health and disease have been the focus of intense research. Down syndrome (DS) is associated with particular characteristics in the oral cavity, and with a lower incidence of caries and higher incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis compared to control populations. However, the overall composition of the oral microbiome in DS and how it varies with diverse factors like host age or the pH within the mouth are still poorly understood. Methods: Using a Citizen-Science approach in collaboration with DS associations in Spain, we performed 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing, combined with culture and proteomics-based identification of fungi to survey the bacterial and fungal oral microbiome in 27 DS persons (age range 7–55) and control samples matched by geographical distribution, age range, and gender. Results: We found that DS is associated with low salivary pH and less diverse oral microbiomes, which were characterized by lower levels of Alloprevotella, Atopobium, Candidatus Saccharimonas, and higher amounts of Kingella, Staphylococcus, Gemella, Cardiobacterium, Rothia, Actinobacillus, and greater prevalence of Candida. Conclusion: Altogether, our study provides a first global snapshot of the oral microbiome in DS. Future studies are required to establish whether the observed differences are related to differential pathology in the oral cavity in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewa Ksiezopolska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A Bejarano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andreu-Somavilla
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Alloza-Trabado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Sola
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Broglio
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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118
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Shokeen B, Dinis MDB, Haghighi F, Tran NC, Lux R. Omics and interspecies interaction. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:101-111. [PMID: 33226675 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies interactions are key determinants in biofilm behavior, ecology, and architecture. The cellular responses of microorganisms to each other at transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolomic levels ultimately determine the characteristics of biofilm and the corresponding implications for health and disease. Advances in omics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of microbial community composition and their activities as a whole. Large-scale analyses of the complex interaction between the many microbial species residing within a biofilm, however, are currently still hampered by technical and bioinformatics challenges. Thus, studies of interspecies interactions have largely focused on the transcriptional and proteomic changes that occur during the contact of a few prominent species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and a few others, with selected partner species. Expansion of available tools is necessary to grow the revealing, albeit limited, insight these studies have provided into a profound understanding of the nature of individual microbial responses to the presence of others. This will allow us to answer important questions including: Which intermicrobial interactions orchestrate the myriad of cooperative, synergistic, antagonistic, manipulative, and other types of relationships and activities in the complex biofilm environment, and what are the implications for oral health and disease?
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Shokeen
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcia Dalila Botelho Dinis
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farnoosh Haghighi
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nini Chaichanasakul Tran
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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119
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Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Gonçalves C, Cristina Figueiredo L, Teles F. Did Omics change periodontal therapy? Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:182-209. [PMID: 33226695 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next-generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next-generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host-compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow-up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Teles
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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120
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Choi JU, Lee JB, Kim KH, Kim S, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Rhyu IC. Comparison of Periodontopathic Bacterial Profiles of Different Periodontal Disease Severity Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E965. [PMID: 33213109 PMCID: PMC7698795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontopathic bacteria are known to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively compare bacterial profile of patients with different severity of periodontal disease using samples from mouthwash and the subgingival area. Further analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mouthwash and two subgingival sampling methods: paperpoint and gingival retraction cord; 114 subjects enrolled in the study, and were divided equally into three groups according to disease severity. Mouthwash and subgingival sampling were conducted, and the samples were quantitatively analyzed for 11 target periodontopathic bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial counts and prevalence of several species between the study groups. Mouthwash sampling showed significant correlations with two different subgingival sampling methods in regard to the detection of several bacteria (e.g., ρ = 0.793 for Porphyromonas gingivalis in severe periodontitis), implying that mouthwash sampling can reflect subgingival microbiota. However, the correlation was more prominent as disease severity increased. Although bacteria in mouthwash have potential to become a biomarker, it may be more suitable for the diagnosis of severe periodontitis, rather than early diagnosis. Further research is required for the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Uk Choi
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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121
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Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Fermiano D, Faveri M, Figueiredo LC, Mayer MPA, Lee JJ, Bittinger K, Teles F. Microbiome changes in young periodontitis patients treated with adjunctive metronidazole and amoxicillin. J Periodontol 2020; 92:467-478. [PMID: 32844406 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, to date, no studies have comprehensively assessed the changes occurring in the subgingival microbiome of young patients with periodontitis treated by means of mechanical and antibiotic therapy. Thus, this study aimed to use next-generation sequencing to evaluate the subgingival microbial composition of young patients with severe periodontitis treated with scaling and root planing and systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin. METHODS Subgingival samples from healthy individuals and shallow and deep sites from periodontitis patients were individually collected at baseline and 90 days post-treatment. The samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA-gene sequencing (MiSeq-Illumina) and QIIME pipeline. Differences between groups for the microbiological data were determined using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), linear mixed models, and the PERMANOVA test. RESULTS One hundred samples were collected from 10 periodontitis patients and seven healthy individuals. PCoA analysis revealed significant partitioning between pre-and post-treatment samples. No major differences in the composition of the subgingival microbiota were observed between shallow and deep sites, at baseline or at 90-days post-treatment, and the microbiome of both site categories after treatment moved closer in similarity to that observed in periodontal health. Treatment significantly improved all clinical parameters and reduced the relative abundance of classical periodontal pathogens and of Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Eubacterium saphenum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Treponema medium, Synergistetes, TM7, and Treponema spp, and increased that of Actinomyces, Rothia, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, and Streptococci spp. CONCLUSION Mechanical treatment associated with metronidazole and amoxicillin promoted a beneficial change in the microbiome of young individuals with severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiane Fermiano
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Microbiome Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Microbiome Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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122
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The Salivary Microbiome Is Altered in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Correlates With Disease Activity. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00039. [PMID: 31107724 PMCID: PMC6613866 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the esophagus. Although microbial communities may affect the host immune responses, little is known about the role of the microbiome in EoE. We compared the composition of the salivary microbiome in children with EoE with that of non-EoE controls to test the hypotheses that the salivary microbiome is altered in children with EoE and is associated with disease activity.
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123
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Ning D, Yuan M, Wu L, Zhang Y, Guo X, Zhou X, Yang Y, Arkin AP, Firestone MK, Zhou J. A quantitative framework reveals ecological drivers of grassland microbial community assembly in response to warming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4717. [PMID: 32948774 PMCID: PMC7501310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the drivers controlling community assembly is a central issue in ecology. Although it is generally accepted that selection, dispersal, diversification and drift are major community assembly processes, defining their relative importance is very challenging. Here, we present a framework to quantitatively infer community assembly mechanisms by phylogenetic bin-based null model analysis (iCAMP). iCAMP shows high accuracy (0.93-0.99), precision (0.80-0.94), sensitivity (0.82-0.94), and specificity (0.95-0.98) on simulated communities, which are 10-160% higher than those from the entire community-based approach. Application of iCAMP to grassland microbial communities in response to experimental warming reveals dominant roles of homogeneous selection (38%) and 'drift' (59%). Interestingly, warming decreases 'drift' over time, and enhances homogeneous selection which is primarily imposed on Bacillales. In addition, homogeneous selection has higher correlations with drought and plant productivity under warming than control. iCAMP provides an effective and robust tool to quantify microbial assembly processes, and should also be useful for plant and animal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xishu Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mary K Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Ferrer MD, López-López A, Nicolescu T, Perez-Vilaplana S, Boix-Amorós A, Dzidic M, Garcia S, Artacho A, Llena C, Mira A. Topic Application of the Probiotic Streptococcus dentisani Improves Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Associated With Oral Health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:465. [PMID: 32984080 PMCID: PMC7488176 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dentisani 7746, isolated from dental plaque of caries-free individuals, has been shown to have several beneficial effects in vitro which could contribute to promote oral health, including an antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens by the production of bacteriocins and a pH buffering capacity through ammonia production. Previous work has shown that S. dentisani was able to colonize the oral cavity for 2–4 weeks after application. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its clinical efficacy by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Fifty nine volunteers were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to a treatment or placebo group. The treatment consisted of a bucco-adhesive gel application (2.5 109 cfu/dose) with a dental splint for 5 min every 48 h, for a period of 1 month (i.e., 14 doses). Dental plaque and saliva samples were collected at baseline, 15 and 30 days after first application, and 15 days after the end of treatment. At baseline, there was a significant correlation between S. dentisani levels and frequency of toothbrushing. Salivary flow, a major factor influencing oral health, was significantly higher in the probiotic group at day 15 compared with the placebo (4.4 and 3.4 ml/5 min, respectively). In the probiotic group, there was a decrease in the amount of dental plaque and in gingival inflammation, but no differences were observed in the placebo group. The probiotic group showed a significant increase in the levels of salivary ammonia and calcium. Finally, Illumina sequencing of plaque samples showed a beneficial shift in bacterial composition at day 30 relative to baseline, with a reduction of several cariogenic organisms and the key players in plaque formation, probably as a result of bacteriocins production. Only 58% of the participants in the probiotic group showed increased plaque levels of S. dentisani at day 30 and 71% by day 45, indicating that the benefits of S. dentisani application could be augmented by improving colonization efficiency. In conclusion, the application of S. dentisani 7746 improved several clinical and microbiological parameters associated with oral health, supporting its use as a probiotic to prevent tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Ferrer
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu López-López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teodora Nicolescu
- Clínica Odontológica, Fundació Lluís Alcanyis, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Boix-Amorós
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Majda Dzidic
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Clínica Odontológica, Fundació Lluís Alcanyis, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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125
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Simpson CA, Adler C, du Plessis MR, Landau ER, Dashper SG, Reynolds EC, Schwartz OS, Simmons JG. Oral microbiome composition, but not diversity, is associated with adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms. Physiol Behav 2020; 226:113126. [PMID: 32777312 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent disorders, whose significant burden is compounded by the presence of oral disease. Mental health disorders and oral health may be associated via changes to the oral microbiome, involving increased pro-inflammatory communication and cortisol in saliva. The present study provides the first culture-independent investigation of the oral microbiome considering depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence, a critical age where these conditions begin to emerge and co-occur. It also investigates whether inflammation and cortisol moderate these relationships. METHODS Participants (N = 66) aged 14-18 years (69.70% female) self-reported oral health, depression and anxiety symptoms, and collected saliva samples across two days. Saliva was assayed for cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP), and used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to estimate the oral microbiome. Multivariate statistical analyses examined associations. RESULTS Overall diversity of the oral microbiome did not differ between adolescents by anxiety or depression grouping (low versus high symptoms), and was not associated with symptom measures. Depression and anxiety symptoms were instead associated with differential abundance of specific bacterial taxa, including Spirochaetaceae, Actinomyces, Treponema, Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia spp. Several host mood-microbial relationships were moderated by proposed mechanisms, including salivary cortisol and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Oral microbiome composition, but not diversity, was associated with adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms. Longitudinal studies considering these associations would improve mechanistic understanding. This research indicates that adolescence remains an essential developmental period to identify early targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carra A Simpson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia.
| | - Christina Adler
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mieke R du Plessis
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth R Landau
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Orli S Schwartz
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia
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126
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Rosier BT, Buetas E, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Artacho A, Mira A. Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12895. [PMID: 32732931 PMCID: PMC7393384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5–8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis- and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Buetas
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E M Moya-Gonzalvez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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127
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activity of Culinary Herb Essential Oils as Potential Perioceutics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070428. [PMID: 32708120 PMCID: PMC7399839 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and regenerative activities, culinary herbs have multiple medicinal uses, among which to prevent and treat oral diseases. The whole essential oils (EOs) have multiple advantages over purified components, such as a low probability to select for antimicrobial resistance, synergic effects of different components, and multi-pharmacological activities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate essential oils from Salvia officinalis (sage), Satureja hortensis (summer savory), and Anethum graveolens (dill) using an in vitro analysis of their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis; the assays addressed both the planktonic and biofilm growth states and used culture-based approaches. Some of the tested EOs exhibited excellent bactericidal and antibiofilm activity, being active at concentrations as low as 0.08-1.36 mg/mL. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the potential mechanisms of their antibacterial activity and confirmed that the tested EOs act by permeabilizing the bacterial membrane and by inhibiting the activity of the efflux pumps. The immunomodulatory effect of the three EOs was determined by analyzing the gene expression profiles for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of the THP-1 cells. The summer savory EO induced a clear proinflammatory effect, while the others did not significantly influence the cytokines profile of the tested cells. Taken together, our results indicate that summer savory EO and, to a lesser extent, sage and dill EOs could be used to inhibit bacteria involved in oral plaque formation and to reduce the expression of genes known to contribute to the inflammatory response using cell culture assessment.
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128
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Khurshid Z, Warsi I, Moin SF, Slowey PD, Latif M, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Biochemical analysis of oral fluids for disease detection. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 100:205-253. [PMID: 33453866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests used as part of routine health monitoring. The relatively recent introduction of salivary diagnostics has lead to a major paradigm shift in diagnostic analyses. Additionally, in this era of big data, oral fluid testing has shown promising outcomes in a number of fields, particularly the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Despite the analytical challenges involved in the interpretation of large datasets generated from biochemical studies involving bodily fluids, including saliva, many studies have identified novel oral biomarkers for diagnosing oral and systemic diseases. In this regard, oral biofluids, including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), dentinal tubular fluid (DTF), are now attracting increasing attention due to their important attributes, such as noninvasive sampling, easy handling, low cost, and more accurate diagnosis of oral diseases. Recently, the utilization of salivary diagnostics to evaluate systemic diseases and monitor general health has increased in popularity among clinicians. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which assist in the diagnosis of multiple diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), auto-immune and degenerative diseases, respiratory infections, oral diseases, and microbial (viral, bacterial and fungal) diseases. Moreover, due to its noninvasive nature and ease-of-adoption by children, it is now being used in mass screening programs, oral health-related studies and clinical trials in support of the development of therapeutic agents. The recent advent of highly sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, highly sensitives ELISAs, and homogeneous immunoassays, suggests that even small quantities of salivary biomarkers are able to be assayed accurately, providing opportunities for the development of many future diagnostic applications (including emerging technologies, such as point-of-care and rapid molecular technologies). The present article explores the omics and biochemical compositions of various oral biofluids with important value in diagnostics and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Warsi
- Masters in Medical Science and Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syed F Moin
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paul D Slowey
- Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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129
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Lu H, He L, Xu J, Song W, Feng X, Zhao Y, Meng H. Well-maintained patients with a history of periodontitis still harbor a more dysbiotic microbiome than health. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1584-1594. [PMID: 32490546 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether well-maintained subjects, with periodontitis in the past, effectively treated, and maintained for a long time, have the same subgingival microbiome as healthy subjects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the subgingival microbiome in well-maintained patients with a history of periodontitis compared with healthy subjects. METHODS We recruited in 17 well-maintained individuals (no evidence of clinical inflammation and progress of periodontitis) and 21 healthy individuals. Periodontal clinical parameters, consisting of missing teeth, plaque index (PLI), periodontal depth (PD), and bleeding index (BI), were recorded and analyzed. The pooled subgingival samples from mesiobuccal sites of two maxillary first molars were collected. The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from 38 subgingival samples was sequenced and analyzed. Alpha diversity, microbial composition, types of bacteria, functional pathways between well-maintained group and health group were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation was used in analyzing the symbiotic relationship among taxa. A classification model was constructed to distinguish two ecological types. RESULTS The maintained individuals demonstrated a different microbiome from healthy subjects, with higher diversity, more disordered structure, more pathogenic microbiota, and more host-destructive metabolism pathways. The genera Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Capnocytophaga, Lautropia, and Fusobacterium were predominant components with relative abundance >5% in the subgingival microbiome of well-maintained patients. The classification model by microbiota got a remarkable accuracy of 83.33%. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with well-maintained periodontitis showed a more dysbiotic microbial community than healthy individuals. Therefore, close monitoring and scheduled maintenance treatment are necessary for them to maintain a healthy periodontal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingling Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Song
- The Third Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Feng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Kohn JN, Kosciolek T, Marotz C, Aleti G, Guay-Ross RN, Hong SH, Hansen S, Swafford A, Knight R, Hong S. Differing salivary microbiome diversity, community and diurnal rhythmicity in association with affective state and peripheral inflammation in adults. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:591-602. [PMID: 32061904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Kosciolek
- Department of Pediatrics, United States; Current affiliation: Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, United States; Center for Microbiome Innovation, United States; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United States; Department of Bioengineering, United States
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, United States; Center for Microbiome Innovation, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States.
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131
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Torrungruang K, Chantarangsu S, Sura T, Thienpramuk L. Interplay between vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and smoking influences Porphyromonas gingivalis proportions in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:912-920. [PMID: 32418218 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism and its interactions with smoking/drinking on the proportions of periodontal pathogens and periodontitis severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS FokI genotyping and bacterial quantification were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Periodontitis severity was determined using mean clinical attachment level (CAL). Regression analyses examined the associations between the FokI polymorphism (rs2228570) and bacterial proportions or periodontitis severity. Effect modification by smoking or drinking was assessed. RESULTS The study population comprised 1,460 individuals, aged 39-66 years. After multivariable adjustment, the FokI risk genotypes (CC + CT) were associated with elevated Porphyromonas gingivalis proportions (regression coefficient (β) =0.294 ± 0.139; p = .034) and increased mean CAL (β = 0.130 ± 0.048; p = .007). The effect of the FokI polymorphism on P. gingivalis proportions was greater in smokers (β = 0.897 ± 0.328; p = .006) compared to non-smokers (β = 0.164 ± 0.153; p = .282) and in drinkers (β = 0.668 ± 0.242; p = .006) compared to non-drinkers (β = 0.114 ± 0.169; p = .500). The genotype*smoking interaction for P. gingivalis proportions was significant (p = .043), whereas the genotype*drinking interaction was not (p = .061). Similar results were found for the effect of the genotype*smoking/drinking interaction on mean CAL. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the interplay between the host genotype and smoking is important in determining the subgingival microbial composition and periodontitis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Torrungruang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soranun Chantarangsu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyachai Sura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lalitsara Thienpramuk
- Health Division, Medical and Health Department, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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132
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Chen B, Wang Z, Wang J, Su X, Yang J, Zhang Q, Zhang L. The oral microbiome profile and biomarker in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Endocrine 2020; 68:564-572. [PMID: 32246318 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral microbiota maintains a dynamic ecological balance with the host. However, a disruption in this balance can lead to oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. Several studies suggest differences in microbial composition in the oral cavity between patients with T2DM and nondiabetic patients. However, there is inadequate oral microbiome-related data from Chinese patients with T2DM, and the difference in microbiome profile between Chinese patients with T2DM and other ethnicities needs to be investigated further. METHOD Oral swab samples were collected from 280 adult patients with T2DM and 162 healthy controls. Illumina sequencing was performed on oral samples targeting V1-V2 region of 16S rRNA gene and sequence analysis was carried in the QIIME. RESULTS Patients with T2DM and healthy cohorts exhibited distinct oral microbial clusters based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increased in T2DM and T2DM patients presented significantly higher numbers of Neisseria, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Pseudomonas genera, and lower numbers of Acinetobacteria compared with healthy controls. When compared with the available published data of oral and gut microbiome associated with T2DM patients, we found the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Haemophilus could be a specific microbial biomarker in Chinese patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant difference in the oral microbiota between T2DM patients and healthy individuals. We identified 25 taxa, including 6 genera, with significant difference in abundance between T2DM and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, School of Chemistry, & Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinhuan Su
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, School of Chemistry, & Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Microbiological Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology for Health Science and Precision Medicine, Jinan, China.
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133
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Zhang Y, Qi Y, Lo ECM, McGrath C, Mei ML, Dai R. Using next-generation sequencing to detect oral microbiome change following periodontal interventions: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1073-1089. [PMID: 32390250 PMCID: PMC8247266 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review was to evaluate the change of oral microbiome based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐metagenomic analysis following periodontal interventions among systematically healthy subjects. Materials and Methods A structured search strategy consisting of “metagenomics” and “oral diseases” was applied to PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify effective papers. The included studies were original studies published in English, using metagenomic approach to analyze the effectiveness of periodontal intervention on oral microbiome among systematically healthy human subjects with periodontitis. Results A total of 12 papers were included in this review. Due to the heterogeneity of selected study, quantitative analysis was not performed. The findings as to how alpha diversity changed after interventions were not consistent across studies. Six studies illustrated clear separation of microbial composition between dental plaque samples collected before and after intervention using principal coordinates/component analysis. The most commonly detected genera before intervention were Porphyromonas, Treponema, Tannerella, and Prevotella, while Streptococcus and Actinomyces usually increased and became the dominant genera after intervention. Correlation network analysis revealed that after intervention, the topology of network was different compared to the corresponding pre‐interventional samples. Conclusion Existing evidence of metagenomic studies depicts a complex change in oral microbiome after periodontal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinliang Qi
- The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Colman McGrath
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - May Lei Mei
- The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruoxi Dai
- The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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134
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Identification of Potential Oral Microbial Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051549. [PMID: 32443919 PMCID: PMC7290295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic and multifactorial inflammatory disease that can lead to tooth loss. At present, the diagnosis for periodontitis is primarily based on clinical examination and radiographic parameters. Detecting the periodontal pathogens at the subgingival plaque requires skilled professionals to collect samples. Periodontal pathogens are also detected on various mucous membranes in patients with periodontitis. In this study, we characterized the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space in a total of 272 healthy subjects as a control group, and periodontitis patients as a disease group. We identified 13 phyla, 193 genera, and 527 species and determined periodontitis-associated taxa. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticolar, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fretibacterium fastiosum and Peptostreptococcus species were significantly increased in both the buccal mucosa and the supragingival space in periodontitis patients. The identified eight periodontitis-associated bacterial species were clinically validated in an independent cohort. We generated the prediction model based on the oral microbiome profiles using five machine learning algorithms, and validated its capability in predicting the status of patients with periodontitis. The results showed that the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space can represent the microbial composition of subgingival plaque and further be utilized to identify potential microbial biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Besides, bacterial community interaction network analysis found distinct patterns associated with dysbiosis in periodontitis. In summary, we have identified oral bacterial species from buccal and supragingival sites which can predict subgingival bacterial composition and can be used for early diagnosis of periodontitis. Therefore, our study provides an important basis for developing easy and noninvasive methods to diagnose and monitor periodontitis.
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135
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Ko Y, Lee EM, Park JC, Gu MB, Bak S, Ji S. Salivary microbiota in periodontal health and disease and their changes following nonsurgical periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:171-182. [PMID: 32617182 PMCID: PMC7321711 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2020.50.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were to examine the salivary microbiota in conditions of periodontal health and disease and to explore microbial changes following nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Methods Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected from 4 periodontally healthy participants at baseline and from 8 patients with chronic periodontitis at baseline and 3 months following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene from the DNA of saliva samples were amplified and sequenced. The salivary microbial compositions of the healthy participants and patients with periodontitis prior to and following nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis were compared based on the relative abundance of various taxa. Results On average, 299 operational taxonomic units were identified in each sample. The phylogenetic diversity in patients with periodontitis was higher than that in healthy participants and decreased following treatment. The abundance of the phylum Spirochaetes and the genus Treponema in patients with periodontitis was 143- and 134-fold higher than in the healthy control group, respectively, but decreased significantly following treatment. The species that were overabundant in the saliva of patients with periodontitis included the Peptostreptococcus stomatis group, Porphyromonas gingivalis, the Fusobacterium nucleatum group, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Filifactor alocis, and Tannerella forsythia. The phylum Actinobacteria, the genus Streptococcaceae_uc, and the species Streptococcus salivarius group were more abundant in healthy participants than in those with periodontitis. There was a trend toward a decrease in disease-associated taxa and an increase in health-associated taxa following treatment. Conclusions Our results revealed differences in the taxa of salivary microbiota between conditions of periodontal health and disease. The taxa found to be associated with health or disease have potential for use as salivary biomarkers for periodontal health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Bock Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongmin Bak
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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136
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Greenwood D, Afacan B, Emingil G, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Salivary Microbiome Shifts in Response to Periodontal Treatment Outcome. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e2000011. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Greenwood
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14104 Sweden
| | - Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydin 09100 Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryEge University İzmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14104 Sweden
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14104 Sweden
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137
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Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Reynolds EC. The Nexus Between Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 32296429 PMCID: PMC7136396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nexus between periodontal inflammation and the polymicrobial biofilm in the gingival sulcus is critical to understanding the pathobiology of periodontitis. Both play a major role in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and each reinforces the other. However, this nexus is also at the center of a significant conundrum for periodontology. For all mucosal polymicrobial biofilms, the most confounding issue is the paradoxical relationship between inflammation, infection, and disease. Despite significant advances made in both periodontal microbiology and periodontal pathobiology, the issue of which comes first, the inflammatory response or the change to a dysbiotic subgingival microbiota, is still debated. In this paper, we present a model for the pathogenesis of periodontitis based on the central role of inflammation and how this modulates the polymicrobial biofilm within the context of the continuum of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. We propose a new model termed “Inflammation-Mediated Polymicrobial-Emergence and Dysbiotic-Exacerbation” (IMPEDE), which is designed to integrate into and complement the 2017 World Workshop Classification of Periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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138
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Buzalaf MAR, Ortiz ADC, Carvalho TS, Fideles SOM, Araújo TT, Moraes SM, Buzalaf NR, Reis FN. Saliva as a diagnostic tool for dental caries, periodontal disease and cancer: is there a need for more biomarkers? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:543-555. [PMID: 32223655 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A biomarker is a biological indicator of normal or pathogenic processes. Identification of biomarkers is useful for the prevention, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as for monitoring the progression of pathological disorders. Several types of molecules present in biological fluids can act as biomarkers such as DNA, coding and non-coding RNA, lipids, metabolites, proteins and even microbes. In this context, saliva emerges as a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of biomarkers involved with oral and systemic diseases, since it reflects the pathophysiological conditions of the organism and allows early, rapid, practical and noninvasive detection of biomarkers.Areas covered: This review discusses the properties of saliva as a diagnostic tool and addresses the main identified biomarkers related to dental caries, periodontal disease, head and neck cancer and other types of cancer of considerable incidence among the world population.Expert commentary: Despite extensive efforts which have been directed toward the identification of one or a combination of biomarkers with good predictive values for the early detection of dental caries, periodontal disease and cancer, these biomarkers still need validation before chairside point-of-care devices can be widely used in the clinic.
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139
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Antezack A, Chaudet H, Tissot-Dupont H, Brouqui P, Monnet-Corti V. Rapid diagnosis of periodontitis, a feasibility study using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230334. [PMID: 32168352 PMCID: PMC7069628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. RESULTS Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. CONCLUSION We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Antezack
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, AP-HM, UFR of Odontology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Chaudet
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tissot-Dupont
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Monnet-Corti
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, AP-HM, UFR of Odontology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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140
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Gao L, Kang M, Zhang MJ, Reza Sailani M, Kuraji R, Martinez A, Ye C, Kamarajan P, Le C, Zhan L, Rangé H, Ho SP, Kapila YL. Polymicrobial periodontal disease triggers a wide radius of effect and unique virome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:10. [PMID: 32157085 PMCID: PMC7064479 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a microbially-mediated inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues that leads to bone and tissue loss around teeth. Although bacterially-mediated mechanisms of alveolar bone destruction have been widely studied, the effects of a polymicrobial infection on the periodontal ligament and microbiome/virome have not been well explored. Therefore, the current investigation introduced a new mouse model of periodontal disease to examine the effects of a polymicrobial infection on periodontal ligament (PDL) properties, changes in bone loss, the host immune response, and the microbiome/virome using shotgun sequencing. Periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were used as the polymicrobial oral inoculum in BALB/cByJ mice. The polymicrobial infection triggered significant alveolar bone loss, a heightened antibody response, an elevated cytokine immune response, a significant shift in viral diversity and virome composition, and a widening of the PDL space; the latter two findings have not been previously reported in periodontal disease models. Changes in the PDL space were present at sites far away from the site of insult, indicating that the polymicrobial radius of effect extends beyond the bone loss areas and site of initial infection and wider than previously appreciated. Associations were found between bone loss, specific viral and bacterial species, immune genes, and PDL space changes. These findings may have significant implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and biomechanical properties of the periodontium. This new polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease in a common mouse strain is useful for evaluating the features of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Misun Kang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Jinye Zhang
- Oralome, Inc., QB3 labs, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, Byers Hall, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Reza Sailani
- Oralome, Inc., QB3 labs, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, Byers Hall, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - April Martinez
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changchang Ye
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Periodontology, Université de Paris, Faculty of Odontology; APHP, Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France.,EA2496, Université de Paris, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Montrouge, France
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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141
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Islam MM, Ekuni D, Toyama N, Kobayashi T, Fujimori K, Uchida Y, Fukuhara D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051764. [PMID: 32182740 PMCID: PMC7085813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the influence of the salivary microbiome on the worsening of the periodontal health status among Japanese young adults. We assessed the data of systemically healthy and non-smoking young (18–22 years) university students (n = 457) from Okayama University at baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016). The worsening group was defined based on an increase in the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP) or an increase in probing pocket depth (PPD) from <4 mm to ≥4 mm. Unstimulated saliva samples were randomly collected from 69 students for microbiome analysis at follow-up. The salivary microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. The type of community in the salivary microbiome clustered by statistical analysis and diversity was not significantly associated with the worsening of the periodontal health status in cases of increasing %BOP and PPD (p > 0.05). The prevalence of some species was significantly higher in the worsening group than in the non-worsening group (p < 0.05) in both cases. The worsening of the periodontal health status was associated with some species, but not the type of community and diversity in the salivary microbiome among Japanese young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6712
| | - Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Kohei Fujimori
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.U.); (D.F.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.U.); (D.F.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.U.); (D.F.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
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142
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Belstrøm D. The salivary microbiota in health and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1723975. [PMID: 32128039 PMCID: PMC7034443 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1723975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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143
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Yamazaki K, Sato K, Tsuzuno T, Sulijaya B, Mashima I, Kawamura Y, Yamazaki K. Orally administered pathobionts and commensals have comparable and innocuous systemic effects on germ-free mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 140:103962. [PMID: 31904448 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that oral bacteria can affect extra-oral diseases by modulating aspects of the gut environment such as the microbiome, metabolome, and immune profiles. However, differences in the effects of different types of oral bacteria, particularly periodontopathic and health-associated bacteria, remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five-week-old germ-free mice were orally administered with either periodontopathic bacteria as oral pathobionts (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) or bacteria associated with periodontal health (Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mitis, and Veillonella rogosae) twice a week for five weeks. The presence of all bacterial species in the feces and the livers of the mice was analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers for 16S rRNA genes. Alveolar bone resorption was evaluated histologically. The expression profiles of various genes in the liver and small intestine were analyzed using real-time PCR. Sera were analyzed to determine the levels of antibodies and endotoxin. The proportions of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Neither of the types of bacteria administered in this experiment induced alveolar bone resorption. All bacteria elicited some degree of systemic antibody response in the mice, although the response to S. mitis was not obvious. The response to P. gingivalis and V. rogosae was strongest. Generally, the health-associated bacteria but not the periodontitis-associated bacteria were detected in fecal samples. Interestingly, only Fusobacterium nucleatum DNA was detected in the liver, despite that live Fusobacterium nucleatum were not detected in the liver. The levels of interleukin-17 in the intestine and genes related to lipid accumulation in the liver were significantly higher in the mice that received periodontitis-associated bacteria. In addition, expression of the gene associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress was higher and that of the gene controlling circadian rhythm was lower in the periodontitis group. There was no difference in serum endotoxin, T-cell phenotypes in the lymphatic tissues, or genes related to the gut barrier. CONCLUSION Oral administration of periodontitis-associated bacteria can induce pathological changes in the liver and intestine that are implicated in the process of periodontitis. These findings further support the importance of the oral-gut connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuzuno
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Izumi Mashima
- Department of Oral Medical Science, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, Koriyama, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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144
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Alblowi JA, Gamal-Abdel Naser A. Metagenomic Assessment of Different Interventions for Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Chronic periodontitis is attributed to oral microbial imbalance and host inflammatory reaction.
Objective:
Our review addresses the question of: Are the available interventions able to regain oral microbial balance in patients having chronic periodontitis?
Data Sources:
We performed a comprehensive systematic search of MEDLine via Pubmed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Clinicalkey, Clarivate Analytics, Springer materials, Wiley, SAGE, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis group, and Wolter Kluwer, together with hand searching and searching the grey literature.
Eligibility Criteria:
We included interventional studies testing the microbiome analysis using metagenomic techniques as an outcome to any intervention for chronic periodontitis.
Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods:
All studies were imported in Mendeley. The risk of bias was assessed using the specific tool for each study design. The results were analysed using RevMan. All the review steps were performed in duplicates.
Results:
The search yielded 2700 records. After exclusion steps, 10 records were found eligible. We included 5 RCTs, 1 non-RCT, 3 before-and-after studies, and 1 ongoing study. The studies tested non-surgical periodontal treatment with and without antibiotic coverage, probiotics, sodium hypochlorite rinse, and different toothpaste ingredients. One RCT tested the use of enamel matrix derivatives in cases with furcation involvement.
Limitations:
The eligible available studies were small in number. Also, the risk of bias and lack of a standardized protocol impaired the ability to pool all the results.
Conclusions:
The body of the available evidence is not sufficient, and future studies are recommended to better evaluate the effect of periodontal treatments on the periodontal microbiome.
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145
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Chen Y, Chen X, Yu H, Zhou H, Xu S. Oral Microbiota as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11131-11144. [PMID: 31908481 PMCID: PMC6927258 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown the potential of oral microbiota as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for eligible studies published until May 31, 2019. Of the 17 included studies published between 2011 and 2019, five kinds of GI cancer, including colorectal cancer (n=6), pancreatic cancer (n=5), gastric cancer (n=4), esophageal cancer (n=2) and liver cancer (n=1), were reported. Generally, the diagnostic performance of the multi-bacteria model for GI cancer was strong with the best area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) exceeding 0.90, but only one study had a validation phase. Pathogens involved in periodontal disease, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, were linked to various kinds of GI cancer. Besides, more oral bacteria significantly differed between cases with upper digestive cancer and healthy controls when compared to colorectal cancer (the most common form of lower digestive cancer), probably indicating a different mechanism due to anatomical and physiological differences in the digestive tract. Oral microbiota changes were associated with risk of various kinds of GI cancer, which could be considered as a potential tool for early prediction and prevention of GI cancer, but validation based on a large population, reproducible protocols for oral microbiota research and oral-gut microbiota transmission patterns are required to be resolved in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Chen
- Infection Control Department of Shenzhen Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haixin Yu
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Xu
- Oncology Department of Shenzhen Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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146
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Assessment of the role of Trichomonas tenax in the etiopathogenesis of human periodontitis: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226266. [PMID: 31846467 PMCID: PMC6917263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review was to assess the presence of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontitis and to elucidate its potential role in the onset and development of this disease. Method Systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and by consulting the five databases: Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Science Sources and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Following Koch’s postulates revisited by Socransky as PICO framework, this collection data was only including full text of clinical trials concerning patients with periodontitis, case-reports and in vitro research published between 1960 and March 2019. Results On the 376 studies identified, only 25 fulfilled our eligible criteria. Most of these studies were in vitro research articles designed to evaluate potential virulence factors, and others were clinical trials (case-control studies, randomized controlled trial) and case-reports. The analysis of these papers has shown that i) Trichomonas tenax is more frequently detected in dental biofilm from sites with periodontitis than in healthy sites; ii) this live flagellate seems capable of producing diverse enzymes that could participate in periodontal breakdown and has the capacity to adhere to epithelial cells, its lysed form could induce the synthesis of IL-8 from macrophage cell lines; iii) the impact of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis have not been thoroughly evaluated on the presence of T. tenax Conclusions This systematic review has reported the presence of T. tenax more frequently in diseased than healthy sites and the capacity of this flagellate to synthesis enzymes which could participate to the degradation of periodontal tissues. Nevertheless, these data do not meet all the postulates and are not enough to provide firm conclusions about the role of T. tenax in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis.
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147
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Carda-Diéguez M, Bravo-González LA, Morata IM, Vicente A, Mira A. High-throughput DNA sequencing of microbiota at interproximal sites. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 12:1687397. [PMID: 32002129 PMCID: PMC6853236 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1687397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The oral microbiota has been deeply studied by high-throughput sequencing techniques. However, although the interproximal regions have one of the highest caries rates in the oral cavity, information about the bacterial composition at those sites is scarce. Methods: In this study, we used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to describe the microbiota associated to interproximal regions at two time points. In addition, dental plaque samples at the vestibular and lingual surfaces from the same teeth were also analysed at the two time points. Results: Interproximal-associated microbiota was found to be similar to already described bacterial communities in other mouth niches. Streptoccocus, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, Neisseria, Haemophilus and Fusobacterium were the most abundant genera in this oral region. Statistical analyses showed that the microbiota from interproximal sites was more similar to that sampled from the vestibular surfaces than to the lingual surfaces. Interestingly, many potentially cariogenic bacteria such as Scardovia, Atopobium or Selenomonas were over-represented in the interproximal regions in comparison with vestibular and lingual sites. Conclusion: The microbiota at interproximal regions appears to be specific and stable through time. Potentially pathogenic bacteria may increase caries development risk and gingival inflammation at those sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel María Morata
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ascensión Vicente
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
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148
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Meier R, Thompson JA. A Bayesian framework for identifying consistent patterns of microbial abundance between body sites. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2019; 18:/j/sagmb.2019.18.issue-6/sagmb-2019-0027/sagmb-2019-0027.xml. [PMID: 31702998 PMCID: PMC7944583 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that the microbiome in both gut and mouth are associated with diseases of the gut, including cancer. If resident microbes could be found to exhibit consistent patterns between the mouth and gut, disease status could potentially be assessed non-invasively through profiling of oral samples. Currently, there exists no generally applicable method to test for such associations. Here we present a Bayesian framework to identify microbes that exhibit consistent patterns between body sites, with respect to a phenotypic variable. For a given operational taxonomic unit (OTU), a Bayesian regression model is used to obtain Markov-Chain Monte Carlo estimates of abundance among strata, calculate a correlation statistic, and conduct a formal test based on its posterior distribution. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate overall viability of the approach, and provide information on what factors affect its performance. Applying our method to a dataset containing oral and gut microbiome samples from 77 pancreatic cancer patients revealed several OTUs exhibiting consistent patterns between gut and mouth with respect to disease subtype. Our method is well powered for modest sample sizes and moderate strength of association and can be flexibly extended to other research settings using any currently established Bayesian analysis programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meier
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Jeffrey A. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160
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149
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Comparison of oral microbiome profiles in stimulated and unstimulated saliva, tongue, and mouth-rinsed water. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16124. [PMID: 31695050 PMCID: PMC6834574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies using saliva have revealed relationships between the oral microbiome and many oral and systemic diseases. However, when collecting from a large number of participants such as a large-scale cohort study, the time it takes to collect saliva can be a problem. Mouth-rinsed water, which is water that has been used to rinse the oral cavity, can be used as an alternative method for collecting saliva for oral microbiome analysis because it can be collected in a shorter time than saliva. The purpose of this study was to verify whether mouth-rinsed water is a suitable saliva substitute for analyzing the oral microbiome. We collected samples of mouth-rinsed water, stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva, and tongue coating from 10 systemic healthy participants, and compared the microbial diversity and composition of the samples using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA-encoding genes. The results showed that the microbial diversity of mouth-rinsed water was similar to that of unstimulated and stimulated saliva, and significantly higher than that of tongue-coating samples. The microbial composition at the species level of mouth-rinsed water also showed a very high correlation with the composition of unstimulated and stimulated saliva. These results suggest that the mouth-rinsed water is a suitable collection method instead of saliva for oral microbiome analysis.
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150
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Acharya A, Chen T, Chan Y, Watt RM, Jin L, Mattheos N. Species-Level Salivary Microbial Indicators of Well-Resolved Periodontitis: A Preliminary Investigation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:347. [PMID: 31681625 PMCID: PMC6797555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To profile the salivary microbiomes of a Hong Kong Chinese cohort at a species-level resolution and determine species that discriminated clinically resolved periodontitis from periodontally healthy cases. Methods: Salivary microbiomes of 35 Hong Kong Chinese subjects' under routine supportive dental care were analyzed. All subjects had been treated for any dental caries or periodontal disease with all restorative treatment completed at least 1 year ago and had ≤3 residual pockets. They were categorized based on a past diagnosis of chronic periodontitis into "healthy" (H) or "periodontitis" (P) categories. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, genomic DNA was isolated, and high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene amplicons was performed. The sequences were assigned taxonomy at the species level by using a BLASTN based algorithm that used a combined reference database of HOMD RefSeqV14.51, HOMD RefSeqExtended V1.1 and GreenGeneGold. Species-level OTUs were subjected to downstream analysis in QIIME and R. For P and H group comparisons, community diversity measures were compared, differentially abundant species were determined using DESeq2, and disease indicator species were determined using multi-level pattern analysis within the R package "indicspecies." Results: P subjects were significantly older than H subjects (p = 0.003) but not significantly different in their BOP scores (p = 0.82). No significant differences were noted in alpha diversity measures after adjusting for age, gender, and BOP or in the beta diversity estimates. Four species; Treponema sp. oral taxon 237, TM7 sp. Oral Taxon A56, Prevotella sp. oral taxon 314, Prevotella sp. oral taxon 304, and Capnocytophaga leadbetteri were significantly more abundant in P than in the H group. Indicator species analysis showed 7 significant indicators species of P group. Fusobacterium sp oral taxon 370 was the sole positive indicator of P group (positive predictive value = 0.9, p = 0.04). Significant indicators of the H category were Leptotrichia buccalis, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Leptotrichia hofstadii, and Streptococcus intermedius. Conclusion: This exploratory study showed salivary microbial species could discriminate treated, well-maintained chronic periodontitis from healthy controls with similar gingival inflammation levels. The findings suggest that certain salivary microbiome features may identify periodontitis-susceptible individuals despite clinical disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuki Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rory M Watt
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikos Mattheos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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