101
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Roussel M, Ferrant J, Reizine F, Le Gallou S, Dulong J, Carl S, Lesouhaitier M, Gregoire M, Bescher N, Verdy C, Latour M, Bézier I, Cornic M, Vinit A, Monvoisin C, Sawitzki B, Leonard S, Paul S, Feuillard J, Jeannet R, Daix T, Tiwari VK, Tadié JM, Cogné M, Tarte K. Comparative immune profiling of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100291. [PMID: 33977279 PMCID: PMC8101789 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite extensive immune profiling of COVID-19 patients, to what extent COVID-19-associated ARDS differs from other causes of ARDS remains unknown. To address this question, here, we build 3 cohorts of patients categorized in COVID-19−ARDS+, COVID-19+ARDS+, and COVID-19+ARDS−, and compare, by high-dimensional mass cytometry, their immune landscape. A cell signature associating S100A9/calprotectin-producing CD169+ monocytes, plasmablasts, and Th1 cells is found in COVID-19+ARDS+, unlike COVID-19−ARDS+ patients. Moreover, this signature is essentially shared with COVID-19+ARDS− patients, suggesting that severe COVID-19 patients, whether or not they experience ARDS, display similar immune profiles. We show an increase in CD14+HLA-DRlow and CD14lowCD16+ monocytes correlating to the occurrence of adverse events during the ICU stay. We demonstrate that COVID-19-associated ARDS displays a specific immune profile and may benefit from personalized therapy in addition to standard ARDS management. Machine-learning analysis of CyTOF data segregates COVID-19+ and COVID-19− ARDS CD169+S100A9+ monocytes differentiate COVID-19 ARDS from other ARDS Monocyte compartment alterations correlate with other immune subset modifications CD14+HLA-DRlow and CD14loCD16+ monocytes are markers of adverse COVID-19 evolution
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Roussel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Laboratoire Hématologie, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juliette Ferrant
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florian Reizine
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Le Gallou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Joelle Dulong
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Matheiu Lesouhaitier
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Murielle Gregoire
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nadège Bescher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Clotilde Verdy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Maelle Latour
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Bézier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cornic
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Angélique Vinit
- Sorbonne Université, UMS037, PASS, Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière CyPS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, AG Molekulare Immunmodulation, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Leonard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Laboratoire Hématologie, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Immunologie, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Laboratoire Hématologie, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Robin Jeannet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Laboratoire Hématologie, 87000 Limoges, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 INSERM 1262, 87000 Limoges, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1435, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Thomas Daix
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1435, 87000 Limoges, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1092, 87000 Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Service de Réanimation Médicale, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Scailyte AG, 6210, Sursee, Switzerland.,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK
| | - Jean Marc Tadié
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Laboratoire Immunologie, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, SITI, Pôle Biologie, 35033 Rennes, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, LabEx IGO, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France
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102
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Osuchowski MF, Winkler MS, Skirecki T, Cajander S, Shankar-Hari M, Lachmann G, Monneret G, Venet F, Bauer M, Brunkhorst FM, Weis S, Garcia-Salido A, Kox M, Cavaillon JM, Uhle F, Weigand MA, Flohé SB, Wiersinga WJ, Almansa R, de la Fuente A, Martin-Loeches I, Meisel C, Spinetti T, Schefold JC, Cilloniz C, Torres A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ferrer R, Girardis M, Cossarizza A, Netea MG, van der Poll T, Bermejo-Martín JF, Rubio I. The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2021; 9:622-642. [PMID: 33965003 PMCID: PMC8102044 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, with devastating consequences. While the medical community has gained insight into the epidemiology of COVID-19, important questions remain about the clinical complexities and underlying mechanisms of disease phenotypes. Severe COVID-19 most commonly involves respiratory manifestations, although other systems are also affected, and acute disease is often followed by protracted complications. Such complex manifestations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 dysregulates the host response, triggering wide-ranging immuno-inflammatory, thrombotic, and parenchymal derangements. We review the intricacies of COVID-19 pathophysiology, its various phenotypes, and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 host response at the humoral and cellular levels. Some similarities exist between COVID-19 and respiratory failure of other origins, but evidence for many distinctive mechanistic features indicates that COVID-19 constitutes a new disease entity, with emerging data suggesting involvement of an endotheliopathy-centred pathophysiology. Further research, combining basic and clinical studies, is needed to advance understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and to characterise immuno-inflammatory derangements across the range of phenotypes to enable optimum care for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin S Winkler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sara Cajander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU support offices, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Gunnar Lachmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France; Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Equipe d'Accueil 7426, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - bioMérieux - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France; Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Equipe d'Accueil 7426, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - bioMérieux - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank M Brunkhorst
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alberto Garcia-Salido
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie B Flohé
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Almansa
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda de la Fuente
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catia Cilloniz
- Pneumology Department, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, ICREA, CIBERESUCICOVID, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Pneumology Department, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, ICREA, CIBERESUCICOVID, Spain; SGR 911-ICREA Academia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Intensive Care Department and Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania; Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesús F Bermejo-Martín
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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103
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Geanon D, Lee B, Gonzalez‐Kozlova E, Kelly G, Handler D, Upadhyaya B, Leech J, De Real RM, Herbinet M, Magen A, Del Valle D, Charney A, Kim‐Schulze S, Gnjatic S, Merad M, Rahman AH. A streamlined whole blood CyTOF workflow defines a circulating immune cell signature of COVID-19. Cytometry A 2021; 99:446-461. [PMID: 33496367 PMCID: PMC8013522 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (CyTOF) represents one of the most powerful tools in immune phenotyping, allowing high throughput quantification of over 40 parameters at single-cell resolution. However, wide deployment of CyTOF-based immune phenotyping studies are limited by complex experimental workflows and the need for specialized CyTOF equipment and technical expertise. Furthermore, differences in cell isolation and enrichment protocols, antibody reagent preparation, sample staining, and data acquisition protocols can all introduce technical variation that can confound integrative analyses of large data-sets of samples processed across multiple labs. Here, we present a streamlined whole blood CyTOF workflow which addresses many of these sources of experimental variation and facilitates wider adoption of CyTOF immune monitoring across sites with limited technical expertise or sample-processing resources or equipment. Our workflow utilizes commercially available reagents including the Fluidigm MaxPar Direct Immune Profiling Assay (MDIPA), a dry tube 30-marker immunophenotyping panel, and SmartTube Proteomic Stabilizer, which allows for simple and reliable fixation and cryopreservation of whole blood samples. We validate a workflow that allows for streamlined staining of whole blood samples with minimal processing requirements or expertise at the site of sample collection, followed by shipment to a central CyTOF core facility for batched downstream processing and data acquisition. We apply this workflow to characterize 184 whole blood samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 72 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, highlighting dynamic disease-associated changes in circulating immune cell frequency and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Geanon
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Brian Lee
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez‐Kozlova
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Geoffrey Kelly
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Diana Handler
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bhaskar Upadhyaya
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - John Leech
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ronaldo M. De Real
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Manon Herbinet
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Assaf Magen
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Diane Del Valle
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexander Charney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Seunghee Kim‐Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adeeb H. Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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104
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David P, Hansen FJ, Bhat A, Weber GF. An overview of proteomic methods for the study of 'cytokine storms'. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:83-91. [PMID: 33849358 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1911652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The cytokine storm is a form of excessive systemic inflammatory reaction triggered by a myriad of factors that may lead to multi-organ failure, and finally to death. The cytokine storm can occur in a number of infectious and noninfectious diseases including COVID-19, sepsis, ebola, avian influenza, and graft versus host disease, or during the severe inflammatory response syndrome.Area covered: This review mainly focuses on the most common and well-known methods of protein studies (PAGE, SDS-PAGE, and high- performance liquid chromatography). It also discusses other modern technologies in proteomics like mass spectrometry, soft ionization techniques, cytometric bead assays, and the next generation of microarrays that have been used to get an in-depth understanding of the pathomechanisms involved during the cytokine storm.Expert opinion: Overactivation of leukocytes drives the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines fueling the cytokine storm. These events lead to a systemic hyper-inflammation, circulatory collapse and shock, and finally to multiorgan failure. Therefore, monitoring the patient's systemic cytokine levels with proteomic technologies that are redundant, economical, and require minimal sample volume for real-time assessment might help in a better clinical evaluation and management of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul David
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik J Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adil Bhat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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105
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Sangaletti S, Ferrara R, Tripodo C, Garassino MC, Colombo MP. Myeloid cell heterogeneity in lung cancer: implication for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2429-2438. [PMID: 33797567 PMCID: PMC8017108 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung is a specialized tissue where metastases from primary lung tumors takeoff and those originating from extra-pulmonary sites land. One commonality characterizing these processes is the supportive role exerted by myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, whose recruitment is facilitated in this tissue microenvironment. Indeed, neutrophils have important part in the pathophysiology of this organ and the key mechanisms regulating neutrophil expansion and recruitment during infection can be co-opted by tumor cells to promote growth and metastasis. Although neutrophils dominate the myeloid landscape of lung cancer other populations including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils contribute to the complexity of lung cancer TME. In this review, we discuss the origin and significance of myeloid cells heterogeneity in lung cancer, which translates not only in a different frequency of immune populations but it encompasses state of activation, morphology, localization and mutual interactions. The relevance of such heterogeneity is considered in the context of tumor growth and response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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106
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Caron J, Ridgley LA, Bodman-Smith M. How to Train Your Dragon: Harnessing Gamma Delta T Cells Antiviral Functions and Trained Immunity in a Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666983. [PMID: 33854516 PMCID: PMC8039298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of viruses with pandemic potential such as the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 poses a global health challenge. There is remarkable progress in vaccine technology in response to this threat, but their design often overlooks the innate arm of immunity. Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T cells with unique features that gives them a key role in the innate immune response to a variety of homeostatic alterations, from cancer to microbial infections. In the context of viral infection, a growing body of evidence shows that γδ T cells are particularly equipped for early virus detection, which triggers their subsequent activation, expansion and the fast deployment of antiviral functions such as direct cytotoxic pathways, secretion of cytokines, recruitment and activation of other immune cells and mobilization of a trained immunity memory program. As such, γδ T cells represent an attractive target to stimulate for a rapid and effective resolution of viral infections. Here, we review the known aspects of γδ T cells that make them crucial component of the immune response to viruses, and the ways that their antiviral potential can be harnessed to prevent or treat viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alice Ridgley
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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107
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Chioh FW, Fong SW, Young BE, Wu KX, Siau A, Krishnan S, Chan YH, Carissimo G, Teo LL, Gao F, Tan RS, Zhong L, Koh AS, Tan SY, Tambyah PA, Renia L, Ng LF, Lye DC, Cheung C. Convalescent COVID-19 patients are susceptible to endothelial dysfunction due to persistent immune activation. eLife 2021; 10:64909. [PMID: 33752798 PMCID: PMC7987341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports of vascular events after an initial recovery from COVID-19 form our impetus to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on vascular health of recovered patients. We found elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), a biomarker of vascular injury, in COVID-19 convalescents compared to healthy controls. In particular, those with pre-existing conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) had more pronounced endothelial activation hallmarks than non-COVID-19 patients with matched cardiovascular risk. Several proinflammatory and activated T lymphocyte-associated cytokines sustained from acute infection to recovery phase, which correlated positively with CEC measures, implicating cytokine-driven endothelial dysfunction. Notably, we found higher frequency of effector T cells in our COVID-19 convalescents compared to healthy controls. The activation markers detected on CECs mapped to counter receptors found primarily on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, raising the possibility of cytotoxic effector cells targeting activated endothelial cells. Clinical trials in preventive therapy for post-COVID-19 vascular complications may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Wj Chioh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kan-Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Siau
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Ly Teo
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Gao
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Fp Ng
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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108
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Carissimo G, Ng LFP. A promiscuous interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with bacterial products. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:914-915. [PMID: 33326034 PMCID: PMC7798951 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR Infectious Disease laboratories (A*ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Disease laboratories (A*ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3EA, UK
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109
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Penttilä PA, Van Gassen S, Panovska D, Vanderbeke L, Van Herck Y, Quintelier K, Emmaneel A, Filtjens J, Malengier-Devlies B, Ahmadzadeh K, Van Mol P, Borràs DM, Antoranz A, Bosisio FM, Wauters E, Martinod K, Matthys P, Saeys Y, Garg AD, Wauters J, De Smet F. High dimensional profiling identifies specific immune types along the recovery trajectories of critically ill COVID19 patients. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3987-4002. [PMID: 33715015 PMCID: PMC7955698 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major burden on healthcare and economic systems across the globe. Even though a majority of the population develops only minor symptoms upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, a significant number are hospitalized at intensive care units (ICU) requiring critical care. While insights into the early stages of the disease are rapidly expanding, the dynamic immunological processes occurring in critically ill patients throughout their recovery at ICU are far less understood. Here, we have analysed whole blood samples serially collected from 40 surviving COVID-19 patients throughout their recovery in ICU using high-dimensional cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and cytokine multiplexing. Based on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), we defined four sequential immunotypes during recovery that correlated to various clinical parameters, including the level of respiratory support at concomitant sampling times. We identified classical monocytes as the first immune cell type to recover by restoration of HLA-DR-positivity and the reduction of immunosuppressive CD163 + monocytes, followed by the recovery of CD8 + and CD4 + T cell and non-classical monocyte populations. The identified immunotypes also correlated to aberrant cytokine and acute-phase reactant levels. Finally, integrative analysis of cytokines and immune cell profiles showed a shift from an initially dysregulated immune response to a more coordinated immunogenic interplay, highlighting the importance of longitudinal sampling to understand the pathophysiology underlying recovery from severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Penttilä
- KU Leuven Flow and Mass Cytometry Facility, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Van Gassen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Panovska
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Vanderbeke
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Van Herck
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology,, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Quintelier
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Emmaneel
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Filtjens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Ahmadzadeh
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Van Mol
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D M Borràs
- Laboratory for Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Antoranz
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F M Bosisio
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Wauters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A D Garg
- Laboratory for Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Wauters
- Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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110
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Zenarruzabeitia O, Astarloa-Pando G, Terrén I, Orrantia A, Pérez-Garay R, Seijas-Betolaza I, Nieto-Arana J, Imaz-Ayo N, Pérez-Fernández S, Arana-Arri E, Borrego F. T Cell Activation, Highly Armed Cytotoxic Cells and a Shift in Monocytes CD300 Receptors Expression Is Characteristic of Patients With Severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655934. [PMID: 33777054 PMCID: PMC7991729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 manifests with a wide diversity of clinical phenotypes characterized by dysfunctional and exaggerated host immune responses. Many results have been described on the status of the immune system of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, but there are still aspects that have not been fully characterized or understood. In this study, we have analyzed a cohort of patients with mild, moderate and severe disease. We performed flow cytometric studies and correlated the data with the clinical characteristics and clinical laboratory values of the patients. Both conventional and unsupervised data analyses concluded that patients with severe disease are characterized, among others, by a higher state of activation in all T cell subsets (CD4, CD8, double negative and T follicular helper cells), higher expression of perforin and granzyme B in cytotoxic cells, expansion of adaptive NK cells and the accumulation of activated and immature dysfunctional monocytes which are identified by a low expression of HLA-DR and an intriguing shift in the expression pattern of CD300 receptors. More importantly, correlation analysis showed a strong association between the alterations in the immune cells and the clinical signs of severity. These results indicate that patients with severe COVID-19 have a broad perturbation of their immune system, and they will help to understand the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Garay
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Iratxe Seijas-Betolaza
- Intensive Care Medicine Service, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto-Arana
- Infectious Disease Service, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Natale Imaz-Ayo
- Scientific Coordination Facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Fernández
- Scientific Coordination Facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Eunate Arana-Arri
- Scientific Coordination Facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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111
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Bedin AS, Makinson A, Picot MC, Mennechet F, Malergue F, Pisoni A, Nyiramigisha E, Montagnier L, Bollore K, Debiesse S, Morquin D, Veyrenche N, Renault C, Foulongne V, Bret C, Bourdin A, Le Moing V, Van de Perre P, Tuaillon E. Monocyte CD169 Expression as a Biomarker in the Early Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:562-567. [PMID: 33206973 PMCID: PMC7717347 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the expression of CD169, a type I interferon-inducible receptor, on monocytes (mCD169) in 53 adult patients admitted to the hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak for a suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mCD169 was strongly overexpressed in 30 out of 32 (93.7%) confirmed COVID-19 cases, compared to three out of 21 (14.3%) patients in whom the diagnosis of COVID-19 was finally ruled out. mCD169 was associated with the plasma interferon alpha level and thrombocytopenia. mCD169 testing may be helpful for the rapid triage of suspected COVID-19 patients during an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bedin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Makinson
- INSERM U1175/IRD UMI 233, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1411, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Frank Mennechet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Malergue
- Department of Research and Development, Immunotech-Beckman Coulter, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Pisoni
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Virology, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | | | - Lise Montagnier
- Laboratory of Virology, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Karine Bollore
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ségolène Debiesse
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - David Morquin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Constance Renault
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Foulongne
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Virology, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Caroline Bret
- Laboratory of Hematology, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Le Moing
- INSERM U1175/IRD UMI 233, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Virology, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Virology, Montpellier University Hospital, France
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112
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Kang YW, Park S, Lee KJ, Moon D, Kim YM, Lee SW. Understanding the Host Innate Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e1. [PMID: 33728094 PMCID: PMC7937512 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a significant health concern worldwide. Undoubtedly, a better understanding of the innate and adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis will be the sole basis for developing and applying therapeutics. This review will summarize the published results that relate to innate immune responses against infections with human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in both humans and animal models. The topics encompass the innate immune sensing of the virus to the dysregulation of various innate immune cells during infection and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Woo Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kun-Joo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Dain Moon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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113
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Neeland MR, Bannister S, Clifford V, Dohle K, Mulholland K, Sutton P, Curtis N, Steer AC, Burgner DP, Crawford NW, Tosif S, Saffery R. Innate cell profiles during the acute and convalescent phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1084. [PMID: 33597531 PMCID: PMC7889848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) confirmed disease (COVID-19) compared to adults and the immunological mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Here, we report acute and convalescent innate immune responses in 48 children and 70 adults infected with, or exposed to, SARS-CoV-2. We find clinically mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is characterised by reduced circulating subsets of monocytes (classical, intermediate, non-classical), dendritic cells and natural killer cells during the acute phase. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-infected adults show reduced proportions of non-classical monocytes only. We also observe increased proportions of CD63+ activated neutrophils during the acute phase to SARS-CoV-2 in infected children. Children and adults exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but negative on PCR testing display increased proportions of low-density neutrophils that we observe up to 7 weeks post exposure. This study characterises the innate immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and household exposure in children. Childhood infection with SARS CoV2 is associated with a milder course of infection but the immunopathogenesis of this remains unclear. Here the authors explore immunological differences in the innate immune system during acute and convalescent SARS CoV2 infection in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Samantha Bannister
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Laboratory Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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114
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Turnbull IR, Fuchs A, Remy KE, Kelly MP, Frazier EP, Ghosh S, Chang SW, Mazer M, Hess A, Leonard J, Hoofnagle M, Colonna M, Hotchkiss RS. Dysregulation of the Leukocyte Signaling Landscape during Acute COVID-19. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-244150. [PMID: 33619472 PMCID: PMC7899466 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-244150/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of more than 450,000 US citizens. Dysregulation of the immune system underlies the pathogenesis of COVID-19, with inflammation mediated local tissue injury to the lung in the setting of suppressed systemic immune function. To define the molecular mechanisms of immune dysfunction in COVID-19 we utilized a systems immunology approach centered on the circulating leukocyte phosphoproteome measured by mass cytometry. COVID-19 is associated with wholesale activation of a broad set of signaling pathways across myeloid and lymphoid cell populations. STAT3 phosphorylation predominated in both monocytes and T cells and was tightly correlated with circulating IL-6 levels. High levels of STAT3 phosphorylation was associated with decreased markers of myeloid cell maturation/activation and decreased ex-vivo T cell IFN-gamma production, demonstrating that during COVID-19 dysregulated cellular activation is associated with suppression of immune effector cell function. Collectively, these data reconcile the systemic inflammatory response and functional immunosuppression induced by COVID-19 and suggest STAT3 signaling may be the central pathophysiologic mechanism driving immune dysfunction in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah R. Turnbull
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anja Fuchs
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Remy
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael P. Kelly
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elfaridah P. Frazier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shin-Wen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Monty Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie Hess
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Leonard
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark Hoofnagle
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard S. Hotchkiss
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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115
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Chevrier S, Zurbuchen Y, Cervia C, Adamo S, Raeber ME, de Souza N, Sivapatham S, Jacobs A, Bachli E, Rudiger A, Stüssi-Helbling M, Huber LC, Schaer DJ, Nilsson J, Boyman O, Bodenmiller B. A distinct innate immune signature marks progression from mild to severe COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100166. [PMID: 33521697 PMCID: PMC7817872 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests with a range of severities, but immune signatures of mild and severe disease are still not fully understood. Here, we use mass cytometry and targeted proteomics to profile the innate immune response of patients with mild or severe COVID-19 and of healthy individuals. Sampling at different stages allows us to reconstruct a pseudo-temporal trajectory of the innate response. A surge of CD169+ monocytes associated with an IFN-γ+MCP-2+ signature rapidly follows symptom onset. At later stages, we observe a persistent inflammatory phenotype in patients with severe disease, dominated by high CCL3 and CCL4 abundance correlating with the re-appearance of CD16+ monocytes, whereas the response of mild COVID-19 patients normalizes. Our data provide insights into the dynamic nature of inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients and identify sustained innate immune responses as a likely mechanism in severe patients, thus supporting the investigation of targeted interventions in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chevrier
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E. Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie de Souza
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sujana Sivapatham
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Jacobs
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bachli
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Uster Hospital, Uster, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rudiger
- Department of Medicine, Limmattal Hospital, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Lars C. Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J. Schaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Saksena S, Chattopadhyay P. Illuminating the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:33-41. [PMID: 33394568 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over a remarkably short period of time, a great deal of knowledge about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection has been acquired, through the focused and cooperative effort of the international scientific community. Much has become known about how the immune response is coordinated to fight infection, and how it becomes dysregulated in severe disease. In this review, we take an in-depth look at the many immune features associated with the host response to SARS-CoV2, as well as those that appear to mark severe disease.
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117
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Farouk AF, Shafqat A, Shafqat S, Kashir J, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. COVID-19 associated cardiac disease: Is there a role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pathogenesis? AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an upheaval of new research, providing key insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. Lymphocytopenia, hyper-inflammation and cardiac involvement are prominent features of the disease and have prognostic value. However, the mechanistic links among these phenomena are not well understood. Likewise, some COVID-19 patients exhibit multi-organ failure with diseases affecting the cardiac system, appearing to be an emerging feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been frequently correlated with larger infarct sizes and can predict major adverse cardiac events. However, the exact mechanism behind this remains unknown. Although the excessive NET formation can drive inflammation, particularly endothelial and promote thrombosis, it is essential to normal immunity. In this paper, we postulate the role of NETs in cardiac disease by providing an overview of the relationship between NET and inflammasome activities in lung and liver diseases, speculating a link between these entities in cardiac diseases as well. Future research is required to specify the role of NETs in COVID-19, since this carries potential therapeutic significance, as inhibition of NETosis could alleviate symptoms of this disease. Knowledge gained from this could serve to inform the assessment and therapeutics of other hyper inflammatory diseases affecting the heart and vasculature alike.</p>
</abstract>
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