101
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Ultra-elastic and super-insulating biomass PEBA nanoporous foams achieved by combining in-situ fibrillation with microcellular foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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102
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Yang M, Sheng Q, Guo L, Zhang H, Tang G. How Gas-Solid Interaction Matters in Graphene-Doped Silica Aerogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2238-2247. [PMID: 35129991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It was interesting to experimentally find that the thermal insulation of silica aerogels was improved by doping graphene sheets with high heat conductivity. The underlying mechanism is investigated in the present work from the perspective of gas-solid interaction using a comprehensive analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, theoretical modeling, and experimental data. The MD-modeled small pores are demonstrated to effectively represent big pores in silica aerogels because of similar heat conduction physics, because it is found that adsorption does not contribute to gas heat conduction. Meanwhile, based on the experimentally measured density, the porous structures are schematically re-engineered using molecular modeling for the first time. The evaluated pore size distributions numerically present a consistency with available experimental data. Inspired by the visualization of the 3D pore structure, we proposed a graphene/silica/nitrogen model to evaluate the role of graphene in heat conduction: it can not only reduce effective gas collision (impede heat transport) but also enhance the gas-solid coupling effect. The former is dominant because of the high porosity, leading to an improvement in thermal insulation. The competition between them can be the reason for the "trade-off" phenomenon in the graphene doping effect in the available experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Qiang Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lin Guo
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Control for Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guihua Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
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103
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Yang H, Sun Y, Peng M, Cai M, Zhao B, Li D, Liang Z, Jiang L. Tailoring the Salt Transport Flux of Solar Evaporators for a Highly Effective Salt-Resistant Desalination with High Productivity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2511-2520. [PMID: 35072450 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly effective salt-resistant solar evaporators for a long-term desalination with a high evaporation rate and water production rate remains a great challenge. Herein, we fabricated a three-dimensional printed hierarchical porous reduced graphene oxide/carbon black (3DP-HP rGO/CB) solar evaporator constructed with a thin layer of porous photothermal interface and a grid of hierarchical porous transport channel possessing a large-sized porous microstructure. The 3DP-HP rGO/CB solar evaporator demonstrates a tailored high-salt transport flux of up to 4.3 kg·m-2·h-1, which displays a highly effective salt-resistant performance at a high evaporation rate of 10.5 kg·m-2·h-1 during a desalination of 10 wt % NaCl brine under 8 kW·m-2 illumination. Experiments and theoretical calculations prove that the large porous microstructure with abundant and low-resistance salt ion channels endows solar evaporators with a high salt transport flux, therefore boosting salt resistance compared to traditional solar evaporators. A 10 d desalination experiment shows the long-term salt resistance of a 3DP-HP rGO/CB solar evaporator for a high-rate and stable evaporation and water production. Furthermore, the 3DP-HP rGO/CB evaporator can purify 10 wt % NaCl brine at an ultrafast water production rate of up to 5.6 L·m-2·h-1 under natural sunlight. This work demonstrates great potential for the practical implementation of solar desalination with high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meiwen Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mujin Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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104
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Chitosan Based Aerogels with Low Shrinkage by Chemical Cross-Linking and Supramolecular Interaction. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020131. [PMID: 35200512 PMCID: PMC8924760 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) aerogel is a new type of functional material that could be possibly applied in the thermal insulation field, especially in energy-saving buildings. However, the inhibition method for the very big shrinkage of CTS aerogels from the final gel to the aerogel is challenging, causing great difficulty in achieving a near-net shape of CTS aerogels. Here, this study explored a facile strategy for restraining CTS-based aerogels’ inherent shrinkage depending on the chemical crosslinking and the interpenetrated supramolecular interaction by introducing nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains. The effects of different aspect ratios of NFC on the CTS-based aerogels were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the optimal aspect ratio for NFC introduction was 37.5 from the comprehensive property perspective. CTS/PVA/NFC hybrid aerogels with the aspect ratio of 37.5 for NFC gained a superior thermal conductivity of 0.0224 W/m·K at ambient atmosphere (the cold surface temperature was only 33.46 °C, despite contacting the hot surface of 80.46 °C), a low density of 0.09 g/cm3, and a relatively high compressive stress of 0.51 MPa at 10% strain.
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105
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Gritti F, Nawada S. On the road towards highly efficient and large volume three-dimensional-printed liquid chromatography columns ? J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3232-3240. [PMID: 35143712 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current performance of commercially packed LC columns is limited by the random structure of the packed bed and by the wall-to-center heterogeneity of its structure. The minimum reduced plate heights observed are not smaller than 1.4 whereas they could theoretically be as low as 0.1 for dense and perfectly ordered packings of spheres. To bridge this gap, a wide inner diameter column with an ordered macroporous structure is printed in three dimensions by stereolithography of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) resin. Feature sizes below 100 μm are achieved by combining conventional polymer stereolithography with photolithography using photomasks. A layer-by-layer polymerization is performed by alternating two distinct photomasks having horizontally and vertically oriented patterns. Despite the inevitable printing imperfections, minimum reduced plate heights around unity are measured for non-retained analytes. The next challenges for the successful printing of highly efficient and large volume LC columns are threefold: reducing the feature size down to below 10 μm, keeping minimum the unevenness of the flow channel dimensions, and tackling additive manufacturing of silica aerogels at such small feature sizes for higher mechanical stability and broader range of retention/selectivity than those delivered by polymer materials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Waters Corporation, Core Research/Fundamentals, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757, USA
| | - Suhas Nawada
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098, The Netherlands
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106
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Zhu G, Hou Y, Xu J, Zhao N. Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Enhanced Polymers via Interlayer Welding. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200053. [PMID: 35132728 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing is advantageous in high printing efficiency and printing resolution for fabricating complex structures across various applications. However, the layer-by-layer curing manner of DLP leads to weak interlayer adhesion and the anisotropic mechanical properties of printed objects. Here, linear polymers are introduced into commercial resins to weld the interlayer by the diffusion and entanglement of linear polymers after DLP printing via heat treatment. This introduction of linear polymers not only shows a strengthening and toughening effect on the printed objects, but also has no negative impact on the DLP printability. The tensile strengths of objects containing 4.7wt% polycaprolactone can reach up to ∼500% of that of neat samples in any printing direction. This simple strategy by adding linear polymers into printing resins provides an effective access to prepare DLP printed objects with improved mechanical properties as well as ensure printing resolution and printing efficiency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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107
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Liu J, Mckeon L, Garcia J, Pinilla S, Barwich S, Möbius M, Stamenov P, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V. Additive Manufacturing of Ti 3 C 2 -MXene-Functionalized Conductive Polymer Hydrogels for Electromagnetic-Interference Shielding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106253. [PMID: 34784072 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing miniaturization of devices and development of wireless and implantable technologies demand electromagnetic interference (EMI)-shielding materials with customizability. Additive manufacturing of conductive polymer hydrogels with favorable conductivity and biocompatibility can offer new opportunities for EMI-shielding applications. However, simultaneously achieving high conductivity, design freedom, and shape fidelity in 3D printing of conductive polymer hydrogels is still very challenging. Here, an aqueous Ti3 C2 -MXene-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate ink is developed for extrusion printing to create 3D objects with arbitrary geometries, and a freeze-thawing protocol is proposed to transform the printed objects directly into highly conductive and robust hydrogels with high shape fidelity on both the macro- and microscale. The as-obtained hydrogel exhibits a high conductivity of 1525.8 S m-1 at water content up to 96.6 wt% and also satisfactory mechanical properties with flexibility, stretchability, and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the use of the printed hydrogel for customizable EMI-shielding applications is demonstrated. The proposed easy-to-manufacture approach, along with the highlighted superior properties, expands the potential of conductive polymer hydrogels in future customizable applications and represents a real breakthrough from the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- I-FORM Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Lorcan Mckeon
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- I-FORM Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - James Garcia
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Sergio Pinilla
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Barwich
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Matthias Möbius
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Plamen Stamenov
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- I-FORM Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
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108
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Ji X, Du Y, Zhang X. Elaborate Size-Tuning of Silica Aerogel Building Blocks Enables Laser-Driven Lighting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107168. [PMID: 34676931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silica aerogels with accurate building-block control are realized by adjusting the surfactant concentration during the synthesis process. The resulting silica-aerogel monolith with spherical building blocks of ≈24-40 nm, together with a deliberately created hole along the incident light direction, shows an incredibly promising application in monochromatic laser-driven lighting. The resulting coefficient of illuminance variation is as low as 8.1%, significantly outperforming commercially available ground-glass diffusers (139.0%) and polymer diffusers (249.1%); the speckle contrast is lower, as well as better, than that can be recognized by the human eye (4%), and the illuminance uniformity in the range of 0.770-0.862 is much better (higher) than that indoor workplace lighting required by the International Organization for Standardization. Lighting with any color in the visible spectrum, including white, can be obtained by using three primary color lasers (450, 532, and 638 nm) with different powers simultaneously as the light source. The resulting silica aerogel, which has excellent thermal stability, high laser-damage threshold, outstanding mechanical performance, and superhydrophobicity, can be further applied to long-distance and noncontact laser-driven lighting in rain or underwater without any additional encapsulation components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ji
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu Du
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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109
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Ma J, Ma T, Cheng J, Zhang J. Polymer Encapsulation Strategy toward 3D Printable, Sustainable, and Reliable Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Advanced Thermal Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4251-4264. [PMID: 35029103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) have garnered tremendous attention in thermal energy storage (TES) owing to their remarkable latent heat. However, the integration of intelligent manufacturing, recycling, and optimized multifunction is considered not feasible for form-stable PCMs due to the restriction of encapsulation technology. Here, an excellent polymer encapsulation strategy is proposed to prepare 3D printable, sustainable, and reliable form-stable PCMs (SiPCM-x), which are universal for petroleum-based and biobased long alkyl compounds. SiPCM-x have top-class latent heat, and the phase-change temperatures are tunable from body temperature to high temperature. The in situ formative bottlebrush phase-change polysiloxane networks are used as supporting materials, and the encapsulation mechanism is clarified. Sirbw-250 can be degraded and re-encapsulated to achieve recycling. Besides, Sirbw-250 is fabricated as the customer-designed objects with shape-changing behavior via 3D printing. By introducing the metal foams and nano-coatings, the resulting phase-change composites simultaneously exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding behavior, and solar-, electric-, and magnetic-to-thermal energy conversion ability. Besides, S-Ni-SiPCM-250 can be applied in the wearable functional devices and movable solar-thermal charging. This strategy will lead to huge renovation in the TES field and provide an efficient guideline for designing advanced form-stable PCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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110
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He H, Geng L, Liu F, Ma B, Huang W, Qu L, Xu B. Facile preparation of a phenolic aerogel with excellent flexibility for thermal insulation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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111
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Yang J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Liu T, Wang X, Zhang Z, Shen J. Preparation protocol of urea cross-linked chitosan aerogels with improved mechanical properties using aqueous aluminum ion medium. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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112
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Akhter F, Rao AA, Abbasi MN, Wahocho SA, Mallah MA, Anees-ur-Rehman H, Chandio ZA. A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis, Applications and Future Prospects for Silica Nanoparticles (SNPs). SILICON 2022; 14. [PMCID: PMC8730748 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-021-01611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have shown great applicability potential in a number of fields like chemical, biomedical, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental remediation and even wastewater purification. With remarkably instinctive properties like mesoporous structure, high surface area, tunable pore size/diameter, biocompatibility, modifiability and polymeric hybridizability, the SNPs are growing in their applicable potential even further. These particles are shown to be non-toxic in nature, hence safe to be used in biomedical research. Moreover, the molecular mobilizability onto the internal and external surface of the particles makes them excellent carriers for biotic and non-biotic compounds. In this respect, the present study comprehensively reviews the most important and recent applications of SNPs in a number of fields along with synthetic approaches. Moreover, despite versatile contributions, the applicable potential of SNPs is still a tip of the iceberg waiting to be exploited more, hence, the last section of the review presents the future prospects containing only few of the many gaps/research extensions regarding SNPs that need to be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Akhter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Atta Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Nabi Abbasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Shafeeque Ahmed Wahocho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ali Mallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Anees-ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmed Chandio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
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113
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Yang Y, Wang Z, He Q, Li X, Lu G, Jiang L, Zeng Y, Bethers B, Jin J, Lin S, Xiao S, Zhu Y, Wu X, Xu W, Wang Q, Chen Y. 3D Printing of Nacre-Inspired Structures with Exceptional Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9840574. [PMID: 35169712 PMCID: PMC8817185 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9840574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Flame-retardant and thermal management structures have attracted great attention due to the requirement of high-temperature exposure in industrial, aerospace, and thermal power fields, but the development of protective fire-retardant structures with complex shapes to fit arbitrary surfaces is still challenging. Herein, we reported a rotation-blade casting-assisted 3D printing process to fabricate nacre-inspired structures with exceptional mechanical and flame-retardant properties, and the related fundamental mechanisms are studied. 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) modified boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNs) were aligned by rotation-blade casting during the 3D printing process to build the "brick and mortar" architecture. The 3D printed structures are more lightweight, while having higher fracture toughness than the natural nacre, which is attributed to the crack deflection, aligned BN (a-BNs) bridging, and pull-outs reinforced structures by the covalent bonding between TMSPMA grafted a-BNs and polymer matrix. Thermal conductivity is enhanced by 25.5 times compared with pure polymer and 5.8 times of anisotropy due to the interconnection of a-BNs. 3D printed heat-exchange structures with vertically aligned BNs in complex shapes were demonstrated for efficient thermal control of high-power light-emitting diodes. 3D printed helmet and armor with a-BNs show exceptional mechanical and fire-retardant properties, demonstrating integrated mechanical and thermal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ziyu Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qingqing He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Xiangjia Li
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yushun Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brandon Bethers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- ShadeCraft Robotics Inc., Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Siqi Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Yizhen Zhu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xianke Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Qiming Wang
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Liu L, Shan X, Hu X, Lv W, Wang J. Superhydrophobic Silica Aerogels and Their Layer-by-Layer Structure for Thermal Management in Harsh Cold and Hot Environments. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19771-19782. [PMID: 34846118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Personal thermal management (PTM) materials have recently received considerable attention to improve human body thermal comfort with potentially reduced energy consumption. Strategies include passive radiative cooling and warming. However, challenges remain for passive thermal regulation of one material or structure in both harsh hot and cold environments. In this work, silica aerogels derived from sodium silicate were prepared through a solvent-boiling strategy, where hydrophobization, solvent exchange, sodium purification, and ambient pressure drying (HSSA) proceeded successively and spontaneously in a one-pot process. This strategy leads to the synthesis of superhydrophobic silica aerogels with extremely low energy consumption without out the use of an ion-exchange resin or low surface tension solvents. Silica aerogels possess a high specific surface area (635 m2/g), high contact angle (153°), and low thermal conductivity (0.049 W/m K). A layer-by-layer (LBL) structure including the silica aerogel layer and an extra phase change material layer was designed. The structure demonstrates dual-functional thermal regulation performance in both harsh cold (-30 °C) and hot (70 °C) environments, where the time to reach equilibrium is postponed, and the inner temperature of the LBL structure can be kept above 20 °C in harsh cold environments (-30 °C) and below 31 °C in harsh hot environments (70 °C). A proof-of-concept experimental setup to simulate the illumination of sunlight also proved that the inside temperature of a model car protected by the LBL structure was below 28 °C, while the outside temperature was 70 °C. In addition, these results are well supported by theoretical COMSOL simulation results. The findings of this work not only provide an eco-friendly approach to synthesize silica aerogels but also demonstrate that the LBL structure is a robust dual-functional PTM system for thermal regulation in both harsh hot and cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiameng Shan
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weibang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Nano Science and Technology Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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115
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Noman MT, Amor N, Ali A, Petrik S, Coufal R, Adach K, Fijalkowski M. Aerogels for Biomedical, Energy and Sensing Applications. Gels 2021; 7:264. [PMID: 34940324 PMCID: PMC8701306 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term aerogel is used for unique solid-state structures composed of three-dimensional (3D) interconnected networks filled with a huge amount of air. These air-filled pores enhance the physicochemical properties and the structural characteristics in macroscale as well as integrate typical characteristics of aerogels, e.g., low density, high porosity and some specific properties of their constituents. These characteristics equip aerogels for highly sensitive and highly selective sensing and energy materials, e.g., biosensors, gas sensors, pressure and strain sensors, supercapacitors, catalysts and ion batteries, etc. In recent years, considerable research efforts are devoted towards the applications of aerogels and promising results have been achieved and reported. In this thematic issue, ground-breaking and recent advances in the field of biomedical, energy and sensing are presented and discussed in detail. In addition, some other perspectives and recent challenges for the synthesis of high performance and low-cost aerogels and their applications are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Noman
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Nesrine Amor
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Azam Ali
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Stanislav Petrik
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (K.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Radek Coufal
- Department of Science and Research, Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Kinga Adach
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (K.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Mateusz Fijalkowski
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (K.A.); (M.F.)
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116
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Qin Z, Li M, Flohn J, Hu Y. Thermal management materials for energy-efficient and sustainable future buildings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12236-12253. [PMID: 34723305 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05486d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermal management plays a key role in improving the energy efficiency and sustainability of future building envelopes. Here, we focus on the materials perspective and discuss the fundamental needs, current status, and future opportunities for thermal management of buildings. First, we identify the primary considerations and evaluation criteria for high-performance thermal materials. Second, state-of-the-art thermal materials are reviewed, ranging from conventional thermal insulating fiberglass, mineral wool, cellulose, and foams, to aerogels and mesoporous structures, as well as multifunctional thermal management materials. Further, recent progress on passive regulation and thermal energy storage systems are discussed, including sensible heat storage, phase change materials, and radiative cooling. Moreover, we discuss the emerging materials systems with tunable thermal and other physical properties that could potentially enable dynamic and interactive thermal management solutions for future buildings. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in theory and computational design from first-principles atomistic theory, molecular dynamics, to multiscale simulations and machine learning. We expect the rational design that combines data-driven computation and multiscale experiments could bridge the materials properties from microscopic to macroscopic scales and provide new opportunities in improving energy efficiency and enabling adaptive implementation per customized demand for future buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jessica Flohn
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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117
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Wang J, Wang J, Sheng Z, Du R, Yan L, Zhang X. Solid-Liquid-Vapor Triphase Gel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13501-13511. [PMID: 34739232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gels are soft functional materials with solid networks and open pores filled with solvents (for wet gels) or air (for aerogels), displaying broad applications in tissue engineering, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy storage, etc. However, currently known gels feature only a single (either solid-liquid or solid-vapor) interface, largely limiting their application territories. Therefore, it is both fundamentally intriguing and practically significant to develop conceptually new gel materials that possess solid-liquid-vapor multiple interfaces. Herein, we demonstrate a unique solid-liquid-vapor triphase gel, named as aerohydrogel, by gelling of a poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution with glutaraldehyde in the presence of superhydrophobic silica aerogel microparticles. Owing to its continuous solid, liquid, and vapor phases, the resultant aerohydrogel simultaneously displays solid-liquid, solid-vapor, and liquid-vapor interfaces, leading to excellent properties including tunable density (down to 0.43 g·cm-3), considerable hydrophobicity, and excellent elasticity (compressive ratio of up to 80%). As a proof-of-concept application, the aerohydrogel exhibits a higher evaporative cooling efficiency than its hydrogel counterpart and a better cooling capability than the commercial phase change cooling film, respectively, showing promising performance in cooling various devices. Moreover, the resulting aerohydrogel could be facilely tailored with specific (e.g., magnetic) properties for emerging applications such as solar steam generation. This work extends biphase gel (hydrogel or aerogel) to solid-liquid-vapor triphase gel, as well as provides a promising strategy for designing more aerohydrogels serving as soft functional materials for applications in various emerging fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpei Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhi Sheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ran Du
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, U.K
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Yang J, Chen Y, Gao K, Li Y, Wang S, Xie F, Jia X, Song H. Biomimetic superelastic sodium alginate-based sponges with porous sandwich-like architectures. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118527. [PMID: 34420761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of structurally optimized three-dimensional porous materials are highly desirable for engineering applications. Herein, through a facile bidirectional freezing technique, we prepared superelastic biomass sponges in air and underwater, which possess biomimetic porous sandwich-like architectures with lamellar layers interconnected by porous microstructures, similar to the structure of rice stems. This distinctive architecture was obtained by incorporating Typha orientalis fibers (TOFs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into sodium alginate (SA) matrix, in which SA flakes and GO nanosheets were intimately grown along TOFs. The porous sandwich-like microstructure allows stress to be distributed throughout the lamellar to avoid stress concentration and endows SA/TOFs/GO sponge with excellent mechanical compressibility and recoverability. Especially, underwater superelasticity and superoleophobicity of the sponge facilitates removal of water-miscible contaminants or oil/water separation with high efficiency. This novel strategy for the design biomimetic architecture of superelastic biomass sponge can promote its application for protecting environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Kuidong Gao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Fangwei Xie
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Haojie Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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119
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Hao T, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li J, Shan L, Wang W, Liu J, Tang J. Emerging Applications of Silica Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Modifiers for High Performance Polyester Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2810. [PMID: 34835575 PMCID: PMC8622537 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nano-modification of polyester has become a research hotspot due to the growing demand for high-performance polyester. As a functional carrier, silica nanoparticles show large potential in improving crystalline properties, enhancing strength of polyester, and fabricating fluorescent polyester. Herein, we briefly traced the latest literature on synthesis of silica modifiers and the resultant polyester nanocomposites and presented a review. Firstly, we investigated synthesis approaches of silica nanoparticles for modifying polyester including sol-gel and reverse microemulsion technology, and their surface modification methods such as grafting silane coupling agent or polymer. Then, we summarized processing technics of silica-polyester nanocomposites, like physical blending, sol-gel processes, and in situ polymerization. Finally, we explored the application of silica nanoparticles in improving crystalline, mechanical, and fluorescent properties of composite materials. We hope the work provides a guideline for the readers working in the fields of silica nanoparticles as well as modifying polyester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hao
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Yao Wang
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Jie Li
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Liangang Shan
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Jixian Liu
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianguo Tang
- National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (T.H.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (W.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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120
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Wang L, Feng J, Luo Y, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Luo X, Xu L, Li L, Feng J. Three-Dimensional-Printed Silica Aerogels for Thermal Insulation by Directly Writing Temperature-Induced Solidifiable Inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40964-40975. [PMID: 34424660 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silica aerogels are attractive materials for various applications due to their exceptional performances and open porous structure. Especially in thermal management, silica aerogels with low thermal conductivity need to be processed into customized structures and shapes for accurate installation on protected parts, which plays an important role in high-efficiency insulation. However, traditional subtractive manufacturing of silica aerogels with complex geometric architectures and high-precision shapes has remained challenging since the intrinsic ceramic brittleness of silica aerogels. Comparatively, additive manufacturing (3D printing) provides an alternative route to obtain custom-designed silica aerogels. Herein, we demonstrate a thermal-solidifying 3D printing strategy to fabricate silica aerogels with complex architectures via directly writing a temperature-induced solidifiable silica ink in an ambient environment. The solidification of silica inks is facilely realized, coupling with the continuous ammonia catalysis by the thermolysis of urea. Based on our proposed thermal-solidifying 3D printing strategy, printed objects show excellent shape retention and have a capacity to subsequently undergo the processes of in situ hydrophobic modification, solvent replacement, and supercritical drying. 3D-printed silica aerogels with hydrophobic modification show a super-high water contact angle of 157°. Benefiting from the low density (0.25 g·cm-3) and mesoporous silica network, optimized 3D-printed specimens with a high specific surface area of 272 m2·g-1 possess a low thermal conductivity of 32.43 mW·m-1·K-1. These outstanding performances of 3D-printed silica aerogels are comparable to those of traditional aerogels. More importantly, the thermal-solidifying 3D printing strategy brings hope to the custom design and industrial production of silica aerogel insulation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukai Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Junzong Feng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Zhou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Jiang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Xuanfeng Luo
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Liangjun Li
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
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121
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Additive manufacturing of strong silica sand structures enabled by polyethyleneimine binder. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5144. [PMID: 34446713 PMCID: PMC8390701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing (BJAM) is a versatile AM technique that can form parts from a variety of powdered materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers. BJAM utilizes inkjet printing to selectively bind these powder particles together to form complex geometries. Adoption of BJAM has been limited due to its inability to form strong green parts using conventional binders. We report the discovery of a versatile polyethyleneimine (PEI) binder for silica sand that doubled the flexural strength of parts to 6.28 MPa compared with that of the conventional binder, making it stronger than unreinforced concrete (~4.5 MPa) in flexural loading. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PEI in the printed parts can be reacted with ethyl cyanoacrylate through a secondary infiltration, resulting in an increase in flexural strength to 52.7 MPa. The strong printed parts coupled with the ability for sacrificial washout presents potential to revolutionize AM in various applications including construction and tooling.
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122
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Zhu G, Hou Y, Xiang J, Xu J, Zhao N. Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Healable and Recyclable Polymers with Tailorable Mechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34954-34961. [PMID: 34270889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming a revolutionary technique across various fields. Especially, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing shows advantages of high resolution and high efficiency. However, multifunctional monomers are commonly used to meet the rapid liquid-to-solid transformation during DLP printing, and the extensive production of unreprocessable thermosets will lead to resource waste and environmental problems. Here, we report a family of dynamic polymers with highly tailorable mechanical properties for DLP printing. The dynamic polymers cross-linked by ionic bonding and hydrogen bonding endow printed objects with excellent self-healing and recycling ability. The mechanical properties of printed objects can be easily tailored from soft elastomers to rigid plastics to satisfy practical applications. Taking advantage of the dynamic cross-linking, various assembling categories, including 2D to 3D, small to large 3D structures, and same to different materials assembly, and functional devices with a self-healing capacity can be realized. This study not only helps to address environmental issues caused by traditional DLP-printed thermosets but also realizes the on-demand fabrication of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Keller JG, Wiemann M, Gröters S, Werle K, Vennemann A, Landsiedel R, Wohlleben W. Aerogels are not regulated as nanomaterials, but can be assessed by tiered testing and grouping strategies for nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3881-3893. [PMID: 36133012 PMCID: PMC9419173 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels contribute to an increasing number of novel applications due to many unique properties, such as high porosity and low density. They outperform most other insulation materials, and some are also useful as carriers in food or pharma applications. Aerogels are not nanomaterials by the REACH definition but retain properties of nanoscale structures. Here we applied a testing strategy in three tiers. In Tier 1, we examined a panel of 19 aerogels (functionalized chitosan, alginate, pyrolyzed carbon, silicate, cellulose, polyurethane) for their biosolubility, and oxidative potential. Biosolubility was very limited except for some alginate and silicate aerogels. Oxidative potential, as by the ferric reduction ability of human serum (FRAS), was very low except for one chitosan and pyrolyzed carbon, both of which were <10% of the positive control Mn2O3. Five aerogels were further subjected to the Tier 2 alveolar macrophage assay, which revealed no in vitro cytotoxicity, except for silicate and polyurethane that induced increases in tumor necrosis factor α. Insufficiently similar aerogels were excluded from a candidate group, and a worst case identified. In the Tier 3 in vivo instillation, polyurethane (0.3 to 2.4 mg) elicited dose-dependent but reversible enzyme changes in lung lavage fluid on day 3, but no significant inflammatory effects. Overall, the results show a very low inherent toxicity of aerogels and support a categorization based on similarities in Tier 1 and Tier 2. This exemplifies how nanosafety concepts and methods developed on particles can be applied to specific concerns on advanced materials that contain or release nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Keller
- BASF SE, Dept. Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Dept. Material Physics 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health, gGmbH Münster Germany
| | - Sibylle Gröters
- BASF SE, Dept. Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Dept. Material Physics 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Kai Werle
- BASF SE, Dept. Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Dept. Material Physics 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Dept. Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Dept. Material Physics 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Dept. Material Physics 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
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Xie C, Liu S, Zhang Q, Ma H, Yang S, Guo ZX, Qiu T, Tuo X. Macroscopic-Scale Preparation of Aramid Nanofiber Aerogel by Modified Freezing-Drying Method. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10000-10009. [PMID: 34086437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerogel has been widely known as a low-density and highly porous material and is closely connected with the complex processing methods, such as freeze-drying or supercritical drying. In this work, using the polymerization-induced aramid nanofiber (PANF) as a building block, we put forward a modified freezing-drying method for the high-efficiency preparation of all-para-aromatic-amide aerogels. In the preparation process, PANF hydrogel is first frozen at -18 °C and then dried at 20-150 °C for the formation of PANF aerogel. The PANF framework formed during the freezing process is crucial for the formation of the PANF aerogel. Moreover, the space-occupying effect of ice crystals is also helpful for the formation of the macroscopic pore structure in the aerogel. Aerogels with large size or well-controlled shape could be successfully obtained by this method. Through the variation of PANF concentration in the hydrogel and drying temperature, aerogels with different densities (20-185 mg/cm3) could be achieved, and the lowest density is reached at 150 °C, with the PANF concentration of 0.7%. The low-density PANF aerogels show high specific compressive strengths and low thermal conductivities, which are comparable to those resulting from the freeze-drying or supercritical drying method. Furthermore, the shrinkage phenomenon in the drying process could be skillfully utilized for the preparation of PANF aerogel-coated objects. The PANF aerogels could be applied as a thermal insulating material or shock absorption material in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinguan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Huanxiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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125
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Spence D, Cullen DA, Polizos G, Muralidharan N, Sharma J. Hollow Silica Particles: A Novel Strategy for Cost Reduction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1627. [PMID: 34205769 PMCID: PMC8234305 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermal insulation materials are highly sought after for applications such as building envelopes, refrigerators, cryogenic fuel storage chambers, and water supply piping. However, current insulation materials either do not provide sufficient insulation or are costly. A new class of insulation materials, hollow silica particles, has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential to provide a very high degree of thermal insulation. However, current synthesis strategies provide hollow silica particles at very low yields and at high cost, thus, making the particles unsuitable for real-world applications. In the present work, a synthesis process that produces hollow silica particles at very high yields and at a lower cost is presented. The effect of an infrared heat absorber, carbon black, on the thermal conductivity of hollow silica particles is also investigated and it is inferred that a carbon black-hollow silica particle mixture can be a better insulating material than hollow silica particles alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daron Spence
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (D.S.); (G.P.); (N.M.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - David A. Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA;
| | - Georgios Polizos
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (D.S.); (G.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Nitin Muralidharan
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (D.S.); (G.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Jaswinder Sharma
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (D.S.); (G.P.); (N.M.)
- Building Technologies Research and Integration Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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126
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Lu H, Peng Q, Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhang X, Meng L, Wu J, Lu Z, Peng J, Li X. 3D printing coaxial fiber electrodes towards boosting ultralong cycle life of fibrous supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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127
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Shen Y, Levin A, Kamada A, Toprakcioglu Z, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Xu Y, Knowles TPJ. From Protein Building Blocks to Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5819-5837. [PMID: 33760579 PMCID: PMC8155333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the fundamental building blocks for high-performance materials in nature. Such materials fulfill structural roles, as in the case of silk and collagen, and can generate active structures including the cytoskeleton. Attention is increasingly turning to this versatile class of molecules for the synthesis of next-generation green functional materials for a range of applications. Protein nanofibrils are a fundamental supramolecular unit from which many macroscopic protein materials are formed. In this Review, we focus on the multiscale assembly of such protein nanofibrils formed from naturally occurring proteins into new supramolecular architectures and discuss how they can form the basis of material systems ranging from bulk gels, films, fibers, micro/nanogels, condensates, and active materials. We review current and emerging approaches to process and assemble these building blocks in a manner which is different to their natural evolutionarily selected role but allows the generation of tailored functionality, with a focus on microfluidic approaches. We finally discuss opportunities and challenges for this class of materials, including applications that can be involved in this material system which consists of fully natural, biocompatible, and biodegradable feedstocks yet has the potential to generate materials with performance and versatility rivalling that of the best synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aviad Levin
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Ayaka Kamada
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Marc Rodriguez-Garcia
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Xampla, the BioInnovation Building, 25 Cambridge
Science Park Road, Cambridge CB4 0FW, U.K.
| | - Yufan Xu
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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Abstract
During the past 30 years, more and more 3D-printing techniques based on suspensions with specific rheological properties have been innovated and improved. In this review, principles of dispersing and controlling powders for suspension-based 3D printing are summarized. The suspensions for direct ink writing (DIW) are taken as an example for 3D printing. According to the rheological property requirement of suspensions for direct ink writing, the routes on how its rheological properties can be manipulated are summarized and classified into two categories: I. self-solidification route; II. assistant-solidification route. The perspective on the future of 3D-printing techniques based on suspensions is also discussed.
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129
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Chen Z, Zhao Y, Zhu X. Inclusion of Hydrophobic Liquids in Silica Aerogel Microparticles in an Aqueous Process: Microencapsulation and Extra Pore Creation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12230-12240. [PMID: 33656865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to its extraordinary properties, silica aerogel has a high potential for a number of applications; however, the state-of-the-art technique of its production involves cost-intensive supercritical drying or solvent exchange with a nonpolar solvent. Here, we report on a pure aqueous process for the preparation of silica aerogel particles as well as silica hollow nanoparticles, which is based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic silica precursor polymers, PEGylated poly(ethoxysiloxanes) (PEG-PEOS), in water and subsequent conversion under basic conditions. Addition of a hydrophobic organic liquid to the aqueous dispersions of PEG-PEOS results in the spontaneous formation of oil-in-water emulsions, which resemble the self-assembled structures of PEG-PEOS in water swollen by the organic liquid. The products of basic conversion of the emulsions are silica aerogel particles as well as hollow nanocapsules loaded with organic liquid. Remarkably, the oil phase significantly increases the porosity of the aerogel particles by acting as a porogen; meanwhile, it only decreases the silica shell thickness of the hollow nanoparticles. During freeze-drying, the aerogel particles, acting as matrix-type microcapsules, can efficiently retain the encapsulated volatile hydrophobic liquid; at the same time, the liquid is completely evaporated from the hollow particles (core-shell-type microcapsules). The encapsulation efficiency of hydrophobic liquids in the aerogel particles can reach as high as 99% after drying. The barrier property of the aerogel particles is higher with PEG-PEOS of lower PEGylation degrees due to bigger particle size and higher meso- and microporosity. This work opens a new avenue to prepare particulate silica aerogel for different promising applications including microencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry of RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Shanghai Dilato Materials Co., Ltd, Guohe Road 60, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry of RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
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130
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Jiang Y, Dong K, An J, Liang F, Yi J, Peng X, Ning C, Ye C, Wang ZL. UV-Protective, Self-Cleaning, and Antibacterial Nanofiber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Human Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11205-11214. [PMID: 33645227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Equipping wearable electronics with special functions will endow them with more additional values and more comprehensive practical performance. Here, we report an ultraviolet (UV)-protective, self-cleaning, antibacterial, and self-powered all-nanofiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing, which is fabricated with Ag nanowires (NWs)/TPU nanofibers and the TiO2@PAN networks through a facile electrospinning method. Due to the added TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), the TENG presents excellent UV-protective performance, including the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of ∼204, the transmittance of UVA (TUVA) of ∼0.0574%, and the transmittance of UVB (TUVB) ∼0.107%. Furthermore, under solar lighting for 25 min, most surface contamination can be degraded, and the decreased power output would be recovered. Owing to the coupled effects of TiO2 NPs and Ag NWs, the TENG shows excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the micro-to-nano hierarchical porous structure, the all-nanofiber-based TENG can serve as self-powered pedometers for detecting and tracking human motion behaviors. As a multifunctional self-powered device, the TENG prompts various applications in the fields of micro/nanopower sources, human movement monitoring, and human-machine interfaces, potentially providing an alternative energy solution and a multifunctional interactive platform for the next-generation wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Dong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liang
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Ning
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cuiying Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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García-González CA, Sosnik A, Kalmár J, De Marco I, Erkey C, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Aerogels in drug delivery: From design to application. J Control Release 2021; 332:40-63. [PMID: 33600880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aerogels are the lightest processed solid materials on Earth and with the largest empty volume fraction in their structure. Composition versatility, modularity, and feasibility of industrial scale manufacturing are behind the fast emergence of aerogels in the drug delivery field. Compared to other 3D materials, the high porosity (interconnected mesopores) and high specific surface area of aerogels may allow faster loading of small-molecule drugs, less constrained access to inner regions of the matrix, and more efficient interactions of the biological milieu with the polymer matrix. Processing in supercritical CO2 medium for both aerogel production (drying) and drug loading (impregnation) has remarkable advantages such as absence of an oxidizing environment, clean manufacture, and easiness for the scale-up under good manufacturing practices. The aerogel solid skeleton dictates the chemical affinity to the different drugs, which in turn determines the loading efficiency and the release pattern. Aerogels can be used to increase the solubility of BCS Class II and IV drugs because the drug can be deposited in amorphous state onto the large surface area of the skeleton, which facilitates a rapid contact with the body fluids, dissolution, and release. Conversely, tuning the aerogel structure by functionalization with drug-binding moieties or stimuli-responsive components, application of coatings and incorporation of drug-loaded aerogels into other matrices may enable site-specific, stimuli-responsive, or prolonged drug release. The present review deals with last decade advances in aerogels for drug delivery. An special focus is paid first on the loading efficiency of active ingredients and release kinetics under biorelevant conditions. Subsequent sections deal with aerogels intended to address specific therapeutic demands. In addition to oral delivery, the physical properties of the aerogels appear to be very advantageous for mucosal administration routes, such as pulmonary, nasal, or transdermal. A specific section devoted to recent achievements in gene therapy and theranostics is also included. In the last section, scale up strategies and life cycle assessment are comprehensively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - József Kalmár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Can Erkey
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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132
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Yang J, Wang H, Zhou B, Shen J, Zhang Z, Du A. Versatile Direct Writing of Aerogel-Based Sol-Gel Inks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2129-2139. [PMID: 33502207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct ink writing (DIW) of aerogels has great potential in designing novel three-dimensional (3D) multifunctional materials with hierarchical structures ranging from the nanoscale to the macroscopic scale. In this paper, pure aerogels composed of inorganics, strongly cross-linking organics, and weakly cross-linking organics were directly written via the precise control of the gelation degree without using any additives. The rheological properties of a resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel-based sol-gel ink (marked as RA ink) were measured at different reaction times to determine the suitable printable range (G'LVR: several 103 Pa) that ensures its good print fidelity. In addition, the rheological evolution of the RA ink during the sol-gel process and under different shear stresses was studied. The correlation of relevant parameters was established according to the Hagen-Poiseuille model. Other typical aerogel-based sol-gel inks including a silica aerogel-based sol-gel ink (SA ink) and a polyimide aerogel-based sol-gel ink (PA ink) for DIW were also demonstrated. Finally, water evaporation experiments were carried out using a 3D-printed carbonized resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel (CA) to further exhibit the potential applications of this novel technology in solar steam generation. The evaporation rate (1.57 kg m-2 h-1) and efficiency (88.38%) of 3D-printed CA were higher than those of bulk CA (1.21 kg m-2 h-1 and 69.82%). This paper systematically studies the control of DIW parameters for aerogel-based sol-gel inks and shows a potential application in high-efficiency 3D-printed evaporators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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133
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Shah N, Rehan T, Li X, Tetik H, Yang G, Zhao K, Lin D. Magnetic aerogel: an advanced material of high importance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7187-7204. [PMID: 35423256 PMCID: PMC8695117 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic materials have brought innovations in the field of advanced materials. Their incorporation in aerogels has certainly broadened their application area. Magnetic aerogels can be used for various purposes from adsorbents to developing electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorbing materials, high-level diagnostic tools, therapeutic systems, and so on. Considering the final use and cost, these can be fabricated from a variety of materials using different approaches. To date, several studies have been published reporting the fabrication and uses of magnetic aerogels. However, to our knowledge, there is no review that specifically focuses only on magnetic aerogels, so we attempted to overview the main developments in this field and ended our study with the conclusion that magnetic aerogels are one of the emerging and futuristic advanced materials with the potential to offer multiple applications of high value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA +1-765-2372200 +1-785-4911492
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan KP 23200 Pakistan
| | - Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 24000 Pakistan
| | - Xuemue Li
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA +1-765-2372200 +1-785-4911492
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Halil Tetik
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA +1-765-2372200 +1-785-4911492
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA +1-765-2372200 +1-785-4911492
| | - Keren Zhao
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA +1-765-2372200 +1-785-4911492
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA +1-765-2372200 +1-785-4911492
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Feng J, Su BL, Xia H, Zhao S, Gao C, Wang L, Ogbeide O, Feng J, Hasan T. Printed aerogels: chemistry, processing, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3842-3888. [PMID: 33522550 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an extraordinarily lightweight and porous functional nanomaterial family, aerogels have attracted considerable interest in academia and industry in recent decades. Despite the application scopes, the modest mechanical durability of aerogels makes their processing and operation challenging, in particular, for situations demanding intricate physical structures. "Bottom-up" additive manufacturing technology has the potential to address this drawback. Indeed, since the first report of 3D printed aerogels in 2015, a new interdisciplinary research area combining aerogel and printing technology has emerged to push the boundaries of structure and performance, further broadening their application scope. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of printed aerogels and presents a comprehensive view of their developments in the past 5 years, and highlights the key near- and mid-term challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzong Feng
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
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135
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Wang J, Wang J. Advances on Dimensional Structure Designs and Functional Applications of Aerogels. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20110531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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