101
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Jammed microgels fabricated via various methods for biological studies. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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102
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Qiu L, Liu X, Zhu L, Luo L, Sun N, Pei R. Current Advances in Technologies for Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:129. [PMID: 36671964 PMCID: PMC9856491 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most potential diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers, due to their unique physiological and pathological functions. However, it is still challenging to precisely analyze the contents and sources of EVs, due to their heterogeneity. Herein, we summarize the advances in technologies for a single EV analysis, which may provide new strategies to study the heterogeneity of EVs, as well as their cargo, more specifically. Furthermore, the applications of a single EV analysis on cancer early diagnosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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103
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Chen L, Zhang C, Yadav V, Wong A, Senapati S, Chang HC. A home-made pipette droplet microfluidics rapid prototyping and training kit for digital PCR, microorganism/cell encapsulation and controlled microgel synthesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:184. [PMID: 36604528 PMCID: PMC9813469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics offers a platform from which new digital molecular assay, disease screening, wound healing and material synthesis technologies have been proposed. However, the current commercial droplet generation, assembly and imaging technologies are too expensive and rigid to permit rapid and broad-range tuning of droplet features/cargoes. This rapid prototyping bottleneck has limited further expansion of its application. Herein, an inexpensive home-made pipette droplet microfluidics kit is introduced. This kit includes elliptical pipette tips that can be fabricated with a simple DIY (Do-It-Yourself) tool, a unique tape-based or 3D printed shallow-center imaging chip that allows rapid monolayer droplet assembly/immobilization and imaging with a smart-phone camera or miniature microscope. The droplets are generated by manual or automatic pipetting without expensive and lab-bound microfluidic pumps. The droplet size and fluid viscosity/surface tension can be varied significantly because of our particular droplet generation, assembly and imaging designs. The versatility of this rapid prototyping kit is demonstrated with three representative applications that can benefit from a droplet microfluidic platform: (1) Droplets as microreactors for PCR reaction with reverse transcription to detect and quantify target RNAs. (2) Droplets as microcompartments for spirulina culturing and the optical color/turbidity changes in droplets with spirulina confirm successful photosynthetic culturing. (3) Droplets as templates/molds for controlled synthesis of gold-capped polyacrylamide/gold composite Janus microgels. The easily fabricated and user-friendly portable kit is hence ideally suited for design, training and educational labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Angela Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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104
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Shiu SCC, Kinghorn AB, Guo W, Slaughter LS, Ji D, Mo X, Wang L, Tran NC, Kwok CK, Shum AHC, Tse ECM, Tanner JA. Aptamers as Functional Modules for DNA Nanostructures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2639:301-337. [PMID: 37166724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3028-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Watson-Crick base-pairing of DNA allows the nanoscale fabrication of biocompatible synthetic nanostructures for diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical purposes. DNA nanostructure design elicits exquisite control of shape and conformation compared to other nanoparticles. Furthermore, nucleic acid aptamers can be coupled to DNA nanostructures to allow interaction and response to a plethora of biomolecules beyond nucleic acids. When compared to the better-known approach of using protein antibodies for molecular recognition, nucleic acid aptamers are bespoke with the underlying DNA nanostructure backbone and have various other stability, synthesis, and cost advantages. Here, we provide detailed methodologies to synthesize and characterize aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures. The methods described can be generally applied to various designs of aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures with a wide range of applications both within and beyond biomedical nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Microfluidics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liane S Slaughter
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngoc Chau Tran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kit Kwok
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anderson Ho Cheung Shum
- Microfluidics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmund Chun Ming Tse
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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105
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Lin X, Qiu W, Bayer S, Nagl S. Optical pH Monitoring in Microdroplet Platforms for Live Cell Experiments Using Colloidal Surfactants. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2689:39-51. [PMID: 37430045 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3323-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic technology facilitates the development of high-throughput screening applications in nanoliter volumes. Surfactants provide stability for emulsified monodisperse droplets to carry out compartmentalization. Fluorinated silica-based nanoparticles are used; they can minimize crosstalk in microdroplets and provide further functionalities by surface labeling. Here we describe a protocol for monitoring pH changes in live single cells by fluorinated silica nanoparticles, for their synthesis, chip fabrication, and optical monitoring on the microscale. The nanoparticles are doped with ruthenium-tris-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride on the inside and conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate on the surface. This protocol may be used more generally to detect pH changes in microdroplets. The fluorinated silica nanoparticles can also be used as droplet stabilizers with an integrated luminescent sensor for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Life Sciences, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenting Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steevanson Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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106
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Wang S, Wang H, Cheng Y. Numerical simulation of mixing-induced dynamic interfacial tension inside droplet by lattice Boltzmann method. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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107
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Rawas-Qalaji M, Cagliani R, Al-Hashimi N, Al-Dabbagh R, Al-Dabbagh A, Hussain Z. Microfluidics in drug delivery: review of methods and applications. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:61-77. [PMID: 36592376 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2162543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics technology has emerged as a promising methodology for the fabrication of a wide variety of advanced drug delivery systems. Owing to its ability for accurate handling and processing of small quantities of fluidics as well as immense control over physicochemical properties of fabricated micro and nanoparticles (NPs), microfluidic technology has significantly improved the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. This emerging technology has offered numerous advantages over the conventional drug delivery methods for fabricating of a variety of micro and nanocarriers for poorly soluble drugs. In addition, a microfluidic system can be designed for targeted drug delivery aiming to increase the local bioavailability of drugs. This review spots the light on the recent advances made in the area of microfluidics including various methods of fabrication of drug carriers, their characterization, and unique features. Furthermore, applications of microfluidic technology for the robust fabrication and development of drug delivery systems, the existing challenges associated with conventional fabrication methodologies as well as the proposed solutions offered by microfluidic technology have been discussed in details.HighlightsMicrofluidic technology has revolutionized fabrication of tunable micro and nanocarriers.Microfluidic platforms offer several advantages over the conventional fabrication methods.Microfluidic devices hold great promise in controlling the physicochemical features of fabricated drug carriers.Micro and nanocarriers with controllable release kinetics and site-targeting efficiency can be fabricated.Drug carriers fabricated by microfluidic technology exhibited improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Cagliani
- Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Al-Hashimi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahma Al-Dabbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amena Al-Dabbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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108
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Akimoto T, Yasuda K. Content Size-Dependent Alginate Microcapsule Formation Using Centrifugation to Eliminate Empty Microcapsules for On-Chip Imaging Cell Sorter Application. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:72. [PMID: 36677133 PMCID: PMC9867324 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alginate microcapsules are one of the attractive non-invasive platforms for handling individual cells and clusters, maintaining their isolation for further applications such as imaging cell sorter and single capsule qPCR. However, the conventional cell encapsulation techniques provide huge numbers of unnecessary empty homogeneous alginate microcapsules, which spend an excessive majority of the machine time on observations and analysis. Here, we developed a simple alginate cell encapsulation method to form content size-dependent alginate microcapsules to eliminate empty microcapsules using microcapillary centrifugation and filtration. Using this method, the formed calcium alginate microcapsules containing the HeLa cells were larger than 20m, and the other empty microcapsules were less than 3m under 4000 rpm centrifugation condition. We collected cell-containing alginate microcapsules by eliminating empty microcapsules from the microcapsule mixture with simple one-step filtration of a 20 m cell strainer. The electrical surface charge density and optical permeability of those cell-encapsulated alginate microcapsules were also evaluated. We found that the surface charge density of cell-encapsulated alginate microbeads is more than double that of cells, indicating that less voltage is required for electrical cell handling with thin alginate gel encapsulation of samples. The permeability of the alginate microcapsule was not improved by changing the reflective index of the medium buffer, such as adding alginate ester. However, the minimized thickness of the alginate gel envelope surrounding cells in the microcapsules did not degrade the detailed shapes of encapsulated cells. Those results confirmed the advantage of alginate encapsulation of cells with the centrifugation method as one of the desirable tools for imaging cell sorting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinosuke Akimoto
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuda
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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109
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Xu W, Jin Y, Li W, Song Y, Gao S, Zhang B, Wang L, Cui M, Yan X, Wang Z. Triboelectric wetting for continuous droplet transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2085. [PMID: 36542697 PMCID: PMC9770939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating liquid is of great significance in fields from life sciences to industrial applications. Owing to its advantages in manipulating liquids with high precision and flexibility, electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) has been widely used in various applications. Despite this, its efficient operation generally needs electrode arrays and sophisticated circuit control. Here, we develop a largely unexplored triboelectric wetting (TEW) phenomenon that can directly exploit the triboelectric charges to achieve the programmed and precise water droplet control. This key feature lies in the rational design of a chemical molecular layer that can generate and store triboelectric charges through agile triboelectrification. The TEW eliminates the requirement of the electric circuit design and additional source input and allows for manipulating liquids of various compositions, volumes, and arrays on various substrates in a controllable manner. This previously unexplored wetting mechanism and control strategy will find diverse applications ranging from controllable chemical reactions to surface defogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanghuai Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiantong Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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110
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Tang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang JH, Tang F, Wang C, Cui X. Oscillatory Motion of Water Droplets Both in Oil and on Superhydrophobic Surface under Corona Discharge. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2229. [PMID: 36557527 PMCID: PMC9780946 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Charged droplets driven by Coulomb force are an important part of a droplet-based micro reactor. In this study, we realized the rapid oscillatory motion of droplets both in oil and on superhydrophobic surface by injecting charges through corona discharge. Distinct from the oscillatory motion of water droplets under a DC electric field, charge injection can make the motion of water droplets more flexible. A droplet in the oil layer can move up and down regularly under the action of corona discharge, and the discharge voltage can control the movement period and height of the droplet. In addition, the left-right translation of droplets on a superhydrophobic surface can be achieved by injecting charges into the hydrophobic film surface through corona discharge. Two kinds of droplet motion behaviors are systematically analyzed, and the mechanism of droplet motion is explained. The present results could help establish new approaches to designing efficient machines in microfluidics and micromechanical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Zongtang Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Feiran Tang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Xiaxia Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
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111
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Microfluidics-based single cell analysis: From transcriptomics to spatiotemporal multi-omics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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112
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Jeyhani M, Navi M, Chan KWY, Kieda J, Tsai SSH. Water-in-water droplet microfluidics: A design manual. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:061503. [PMID: 36406338 PMCID: PMC9674389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0119316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is utilized in a wide range of applications in biomedicine and biology. Applications include rapid biochemical analysis, materials generation, biochemical assays, and point-of-care medicine. The integration of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) into droplet microfluidic platforms has potential utility in oil-free biological and biomedical applications, namely, reducing cytotoxicity and preserving the native form and function of costly biomolecular reagents. In this review, we present a design manual for the chemist, biologist, and engineer to design experiments in the context of their biological applications using all-in-water droplet microfluidic systems. We describe the studies achievable using these systems and the corresponding fabrication and stabilization methods. With this information, readers may apply the fundamental principles and recent advancements in ATPS droplet microfluidics to their research. Finally, we propose a development roadmap of opportunities to utilize ATPS droplet microfluidics in applications that remain underexplored.
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113
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Utharala R, Grab A, Vafaizadeh V, Peschke N, Ballinger M, Turei D, Tuechler N, Ma W, Ivanova O, Ortiz AG, Saez-Rodriguez J, Merten CA. A microfluidic Braille valve platform for on-demand production, combinatorial screening and sorting of chemically distinct droplets. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2920-2965. [PMID: 36261631 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is a powerful tool for a variety of biological applications including single-cell genetics, antibody discovery and directed evolution. All these applications make use of genetic libraries, illustrating the difficulty of generating chemically distinct droplets for screening applications. This protocol describes our Braille Display valving platform for on-demand generation of droplets with different chemical contents (16 different reagents and combinations thereof), as well as sorting droplets with different chemical properties, on the basis of fluorescence signals. The Braille Display platform is compact, versatile and cost efficient (only ~US$1,000 on top of a standard droplet microfluidics setup). The procedure includes manufacturing of microfluidic chips, assembly of custom hardware, co-encapsulation of cells and drugs into droplets, fluorescence detection of readout signals and data analysis using shared, freely available LabVIEW and Python packages. As a first application, we demonstrate the complete workflow for screening cancer cell drug sensitivities toward 74 conditions. Furthermore, we describe here an assay enabling the normalization of the observed drug sensitivity to the number of cancer cells per droplet, which additionally increases the robustness of the system. As a second application, we also demonstrate the sorting of droplets according to enzymatic activity. The drug screening application can be completed within 2 d; droplet sorting takes ~1 d; and all preparatory steps for manufacturing molds, chips and setting up the Braille controller can be accomplished within 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Utharala
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Grab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, DKFZ Heidelberg and Translational Myeloma Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vida Vafaizadeh
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Peschke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martine Ballinger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denes Turei
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Tuechler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenwei Ma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Ivanova
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph A Merten
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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114
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Sohrabi S, kassir N, Keshavarz Moraveji M. Retraction: Droplet microfluidics: fundamentals and its advanced applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34566. [PMID: 36545627 PMCID: PMC9713613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra90125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/D0RA04566G.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sohrabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran PolytechnicIran
| | - Nour kassir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran PolytechnicIran
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115
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Chen J, Huang S, Long Y, Wang K, Guan Y, Hou L, Dai B, Zhuang S, Zhang D. A 3D-Printed Standardized Modular Microfluidic System for Droplet Generation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1085. [PMID: 36551052 PMCID: PMC9775649 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has a variety of applications, such as material synthesis and single-cell analysis. In this paper, we propose a modular microfluidic system using projection micro-stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for droplet generation. All modules are designed using a standard cubic structure with a specific leakage-free connection interface. Versatile droplets, including single droplets, alternating droplets, merged droplets, and Janus particles, have been successfully produced. The droplet size and the generation rate can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the flow rates. The influence of the flow rate fraction between the discrete phase and the continuous phase over the generation of the alternating and merged droplets is discussed. Furthermore, the 'UV curing' module can be employed to solidify the generated droplets to avoid coalescence and fix the status of the Janus particles. The proposed modular droplet generators are promising candidates for various chemical and biological applications, such as single-cell incubation, screening of protein crystallization conditions, synthesis of nanoparticles, and gene delivery. In addition, we envision that more functional modules, e.g., valve, microreactor, and detection modules, could be developed, and the 3D standardized modular microfluidics could be further applied to other complex systems, i.e., concentration gradient generators and clinical diagnostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shaoqi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Long
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Rd., Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Rd., Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lianping Hou
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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116
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Anyaduba TD, Otoo JA, Schlappi TS. Picoliter Droplet Generation and Dense Bead-in-Droplet Encapsulation via Microfluidic Devices Fabricated via 3D Printed Molds. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1946. [PMID: 36363966 PMCID: PMC9695966 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Picoliter-scale droplets have many applications in chemistry and biology, such as biomolecule synthesis, drug discovery, nucleic acid quantification, and single cell analysis. However, due to the complicated processes used to fabricate microfluidic channels, most picoliter (pL) droplet generation methods are limited to research in laboratories with cleanroom facilities and complex instrumentation. The purpose of this work is to investigate a method that uses 3D printing to fabricate microfluidic devices that can generate droplets with sizes <100 pL and encapsulate single dense beads mechanistically. Our device generated monodisperse droplets as small as ~48 pL and we demonstrated the usefulness of this droplet generation technique in biomolecule analysis by detecting Lactobacillus acidophillus 16s rRNA via digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (dLAMP). We also designed a mixer that can be integrated into a syringe to overcome dense bead sedimentation and found that the bead-in-droplet (BiD) emulsions created from our device had <2% of the droplets populated with more than 1 bead. This study will enable researchers to create devices that generate pL-scale droplets and encapsulate dense beads with inexpensive and simple instrumentation (3D printer and syringe pump). The rapid prototyping and integration ability of this module with other components or processes can accelerate the development of point-of-care microfluidic devices that use droplet-bead emulsions to analyze biological or chemical samples with high throughput and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu D. Anyaduba
- Keck Graduate Institute, Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
- Abbott Rapid Diagnostics, 4545 Towne Center Ct, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jonas A. Otoo
- Keck Graduate Institute, Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Travis S. Schlappi
- Keck Graduate Institute, Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
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117
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Mekawy M, Hiroi T, Tenjimbayashi M, Kawakita J. Wetting behavior of a water droplet on a mutual periodic micro-patterned ternary texture structure. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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118
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Mu X, He W, Rivera VAM, De Alba RAD, Newman DJ, Zhang YS. Small tissue chips with big opportunities for space medicine. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:150-157. [PMID: 36336360 PMCID: PMC11016463 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spaceflight environment, including microgravity and radiation, may have considerable effects on the health and performance of astronauts, especially for long-duration and Martian missions. Conventional on-ground and in-space experimental approaches have been employed to investigate the comprehensive biological effects of the spaceflight environment. As a class of recently emerging bioengineered in vitro models, tissue chips are characterized by a small footprint, potential automation, and the recapitulation of tissue-level physiology, thus promising to help provide molecular and cellular insights into space medicine. Here, we briefly review the technical advantages of tissue chips and discuss specific on-chip physiological recapitulations. Several tissue chips have been launched into space, and more are poised to come through multi-agency collaborations, implying an increasingly important role of tissue chips in space medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weishen He
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Victoria Abril Manjarrez Rivera
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raul Armando Duran De Alba
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dava J Newman
- MIT Media Lab, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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119
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Niu G, Zhang L, Xia Y. Continuous and Scalable Production of Platinum Nanocubes with Uniform and Controllable Sizes in Air-Free Droplet Reactors. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8588-8595. [PMID: 36255856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) nanocrystals hold the key to a variety of catalytic applications, and those with a cubic shape are attractive as a reference catalyst due to their well-defined {100} facets on the surface. Here we demonstrate the use of droplet reactors as a viable platform for the continuous and scalable production of Pt nanocubes with uniform and controllable sizes. The synthesis was found to be sensitive to the O2 from air because of the oxidative etching associated with the O2/Br- pair. As such, either silicone oil or an inert gas had to be employed as the carrier phase to keep the droplets isolated from air. By controlling the amounts of the precursor and halide ions, the edge length of the Pt nanocubes could be tuned from 5-7 nm. In the setting of a millifluidic device, the droplet reactors could be used to achieve a production rate as high as 31.8 mg min-1, about 10-100 times greater than what has been reported in the literature. We also evaluated the electrocatalytic properties of the as-obtained Pt nanocubes toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). For the Pt nanocubes of 6 nm in edge length, they showed a specific activity of 0.27 mA cm-2 toward ORR at 0.9 V and a specific activity of 0.96 mA cm-2 toward MOR at the anodic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Niu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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120
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Sahin MA, Werner H, Udani S, Di Carlo D, Destgeer G. Flow lithography for structured microparticles: fundamentals, methods and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4007-4042. [PMID: 35920614 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Structured microparticles, with unique shapes, customizable sizes, multiple materials, and spatially-defined chemistries, are leading the way for emerging 'lab on a particle' technologies. These microparticles with engineered designs find applications in multiplexed diagnostics, drug delivery, single-cell secretion assays, single-molecule detection assays, high throughput cytometry, micro-robotics, self-assembly, and tissue engineering. In this article we review state-of-the-art particle manufacturing technologies based on flow-assisted photolithography performed inside microfluidic channels. Important physicochemical concepts are discussed to provide a basis for understanding the fabrication technologies. These photolithography technologies are compared based on the structural as well as compositional complexity of the fabricated particles. Particles are categorized, from 1D to 3D particles, based on the number of dimensions that can be independently controlled during the fabrication process. After discussing the advantages of the individual techniques, important applications of the fabricated particles are reviewed. Lastly, a future perspective is provided with potential directions to improve the throughput of particle fabrication, realize new particle shapes, measure particles in an automated manner, and adopt the 'lab on a particle' technologies to other areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Sahin
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Helen Werner
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Shreya Udani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
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121
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Singh A, Joo JU, Kim DP. Microfluidic-driven ultrafast self-assembly of a dipeptide into stimuli-responsive 0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures and as hydrolase mimic. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15010-15020. [PMID: 36193959 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous peptides have been utilized to explore the efficacy of their self-assembly to produce nanostructures to mimic the self-organization capability of biomolecules in nature. Self-assembled nanostructures have significant applicability for a range of diverse applications. While the ability to create self-assembled functional materials has greatly improved, the self-assembly process, which results in ordered 0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures, is still time-consuming. Moreover, in situ structural transformation from one self-assembled structure to another with different dimensions presents an additional challenge. Therefore, in this report, we demonstrate self-assembly in an ultrafast fashion to access four different nanostructures, namely, twisted bundle (TB), nanoparticle (NP), nanofiber (NF), and nanosheet (NS), from a simple dipeptide with the aid of simple microfluidic reactors by applying different stimuli. Additionally, an integrated microfluidic system enabled rapid structural switchover between two types in an ultrashort period of time. It is interesting to note that the formation of the twisted bundle (TB) morphology enabled the formation of an extended entangled network, which resulted in the formation of a hydrogel (1 w/v%). In addition, the nanostructures obtained using the ultrafast self-assembly process were investigated to study their hydrolase enzyme activity mimicking performance against a model substrate (p-NPA) reaction. Intriguingly, we found that our nanostructures were suitably well ordered, and when taking molecular mass into consideration, showed improved catalytic efficiency as compared to the native enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmeet Singh
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Un Joo
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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122
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Lerin-Morales KM, Olguín LF, Mateo-Martí E, Colín-García M. Prebiotic Chemistry Experiments Using Microfluidic Devices. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1665. [PMID: 36295100 PMCID: PMC9605377 DOI: 10.3390/life12101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are small tools mostly consisting of one or more channels, with dimensions between one and hundreds of microns, where small volumes of fluids are manipulated. They have extensive use in the biomedical and chemical fields; however, in prebiotic chemistry, they only have been employed recently. In prebiotic chemistry, just three types of microfluidic devices have been used: the first ones are Y-form devices with laminar co-flow, used to study the precipitation of minerals in hydrothermal vents systems; the second ones are microdroplet devices that can form small droplets capable of mimic cellular compartmentalization; and the last ones are devices with microchambers that recreate the microenvironment inside rock pores under hydrothermal conditions. In this review, we summarized the experiments in the field of prebiotic chemistry that employed microfluidic devices. The main idea is to incentivize their use and discuss their potential to perform novel experiments that could contribute to unraveling some prebiotic chemistry questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis F. Olguín
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Eva Mateo-Martí
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Colín-García
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
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123
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Werner EM, Lam BX, Hui EE. Phase-Optimized Peristaltic Pumping by Integrated Microfluidic Logic. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101784. [PMID: 36296137 PMCID: PMC9610095 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic droplet generation typically entails an initial stabilization period on the order of minutes, exhibiting higher variation in droplet volume until the system reaches monodisperse production. The material lost during this period can be problematic when preparing droplets from limited samples such as patient biopsies. Active droplet generation strategies such as antiphase peristaltic pumping effectively reduce stabilization time but have required off-chip control hardware that reduces system accessibility. We present a fully integrated device that employs on-chip pneumatic logic to control phase-optimized peristaltic pumping. Droplet generation stabilizes in about a second, with only one or two non-uniform droplets produced initially.
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124
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Interaction of a natural compound nanoemulsion with Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial membrane; a mechanism based study using a microfluidic chip and DESI technique. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122181. [PMID: 36087628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of a nanoemulsion prepared from Satureja Khusitanica essential oil against a Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and a Gram-positive (Bacillus atrophaeus) bacteria evaluated using microfluidic and conventional techniques. The effect of different residence time and concentrations on the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion was studied by measuring the release of protein, nucleic acids, potassium, and also recording the MIC, MBC and time killing assays. Remarkable intensification was observed by employing microfluidic chip regarding a high-contact surface area between nanodroplets and bacterial membrane. The MIC and MBC values for E. coli and B. atrophaeus in conventional method were 400 and 1600 µg mL-1, respectively, whereas these values reduced to 11 to 50 µg mL-1 using microfluidic system. B. atrophaeus seemed to be more resistant than E. coli to the nanoemulsion treatment, perhaps due to different cell wall structures. Bacterial cell wall changes were examined using a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) technique. It was found that the structural changes were more imminent in Gram negative E. coli by detecting a number of released lipids including phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamines. The DESI spectra of B. atrophaeus revealed no M/Z related lipid release. These findings may help providing novel nano based natural antibacterials.
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125
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Rezaeian M, Nouri M, Hassani-Gangaraj M, Shamloo A, Nasiri R. The Effect of Non-Uniform Magnetic Field on the Efficiency of Mixing in Droplet-Based Microfluidics: A Numerical Investigation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1661. [PMID: 36296014 PMCID: PMC9608787 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high efficiency and throughput in droplet-based mixing over a small characteristic length, such as microfluidic channels, is one of the crucial parameters in Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) applications. One solution to achieve efficient mixing is to use active mixers in which an external power source is utilized to mix two fluids. One of these active methods is magnetic micromixers using ferrofluid. In this technique, magnetic nanoparticles are used to make one phase responsive to magnetic force, and then by applying a magnetic field, two fluid phases, one of which is magneto-responsive, will sufficiently mix. In this study, we investigated the effect of the magnetic field's characteristics on the efficiency of the mixing process inside droplets. When different concentrations of ferrofluids are affected by a constant magnetic field, there is no significant change in mixing efficiency. As the magnetic field intensifies, the magnetic force makes the circulation flow inside the droplet asymmetric, leading to chaotic advection, which creates a flow that increases the mixing efficiency. The results show that the use of magnetic fields is an effective method to enhance the mixing efficiency within droplets, and the efficiency of mixing increases from 65.4 to 86.1% by increasing the magnetic field intensity from 0 to 90 mT. Besides that, the effect of ferrofluid's concentration on the mixing efficiency is studied. It is shown that when the concentration of the ferrofluid changes from 0 to 0.6 mol/m3, the mixing efficiency increases considerably. It is also shown that by changing the intensity of the magnetic field, the mixing efficiency increases by about 11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rezaeian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
| | - Moein Nouri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
| | | | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Nanobiotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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126
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Liu W, Sun Z, Li N, Qi Z, Wang Z, Wang Z. Binary droplet interactions in shear water-in-oil emulsion: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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127
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Long MM, Diep TT, Needs SH, Ross MJ, Edwards AD. PiRamid: A compact Raspberry Pi imaging box to automate small-scale time-lapse digital analysis, suitable for laboratory and field use. HARDWAREX 2022; 12:e00377. [PMID: 36437840 PMCID: PMC9685356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Digital imaging permits the quantitation of many experiments, such as microbiological growth assays, but laboratory digital imaging systems can be expensive and too specialised. The Raspberry Pi camera platform makes automated, controlled imaging affordable with accessible customisation. When combined with open source software and open-source 3D printed hardware, the control over image quality and capture of this platform permits the rapid development of novel instrumentation. Here we present "PiRamid", a compact, portable, and inexpensive enclosure for autonomous imaging both in the laboratory and in the field. The modular three-piece 3D printed design makes it easy to incorporate different camera systems or lighting configurations (e.g., single wavelength LED for fluorescence). The enclosed design allows complete control of illumination unlike a conventional digital camera or smartphone, on a tripod or handheld, under ambient lighting. The stackable design permits rapid sample addition or camera focus adjustment, with a corresponding change in magnification and resolution. The entire unit is small enough to fit within a microbiological incubator, and cheap enough (∼£100) to scale out for larger parallel experiments. Simply, Python scripts fully automate illumination and image capture for small-scale experiments with an ∼110×85 mm area at 70-90 µm resolution. We demonstrate the versatility of PiRamid by capturing time-resolved, quantitative image data for a wide range of assays. Bacterial growth kinetics was captured for conventional microbiology (agar Petri dishes), 3D printed custom microbiology labware and microfluidic microbiology. To illustrate application beyond microbiology, we demonstrate time-lapse imaging of crystal growth and degradation of salad leaves. Minor modifications permit epi-illumination by addition of a LED ring to the camera module. We conclude that PiRamid permits inexpensive digital capture and quantitation of a wide range of experiments by time-lapse imaging to simplify both laboratory and field imaging.
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128
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Yang H, Knowles TPJ. Hydrodynamics of Droplet Sorting in Asymmetric Acute Junctions. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1640. [PMID: 36295993 PMCID: PMC9611150 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Droplet sorting is one of the fundamental manipulations of droplet-based microfluidics. Although many sorting methods have already been proposed, there is still a demand to develop new sorting methods for various applications of droplet-based microfluidics. This work presents numerical investigations on droplet sorting with asymmetric acute junctions. It is found that the asymmetric acute junctions could achieve volume-based sorting and velocity-based sorting. The pressure distributions in the asymmetric junctions are discussed to reveal the physical mechanism behind the droplet sorting. The dependence of the droplet sorting on the droplet volume, velocity, and junction angle is explored. The possibility of the employment of the proposed sorting method in most real experiments is also discussed. This work provides a new, simple, and cost-effective passive strategy to separate droplets in microfluidic channels. Moreover, the proposed acute junctions could be used in combination with other sorting methods, which may boost more opportunities to sort droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No. 2 Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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129
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Yiannacou K, Sharma V, Sariola V. Programmable Droplet Microfluidics Based on Machine Learning and Acoustic Manipulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11557-11564. [PMID: 36099548 PMCID: PMC9520974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Typical microfluidic devices are application-specific and have to be carefully designed to implement the necessary functionalities for the targeted application. Programmable microfluidic chips try to overcome this by offering reconfigurable functionalities, allowing the same chip to be used in multiple different applications. In this work, we demonstrate a programmable microfluidic chip for the two-dimensional manipulation of droplets, based on ultrasonic bulk acoustic waves and a closed-loop machine-learning-based control algorithm. The algorithm has no prior knowledge of the acoustic fields but learns to control the droplets on the fly. The manipulation is based on switching the frequency of a single ultrasonic transducer. Using this method, we demonstrate 2D transportation and merging of water droplets in oil and oil droplets in water, and we performed the chemistry that underlies the basis of a colorimetric glucose assay. We show that we can manipulate drops with volumes ranging from ∼200 pL up to ∼30 nL with our setup. We also demonstrate that our method is robust, by changing the system parameters and showing that the machine learning algorithm can still complete the manipulation tasks. In short, our method uses ultrasonics to flexibly manipulate droplets, enabling programmable droplet microfluidic devices.
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130
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Khosla NK, Lesinski JM, Colombo M, Bezinge L, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3340-3360. [PMID: 35984715 PMCID: PMC9469643 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) form the cornerstone of modern medicine. They are routinely employed throughout the entire treatment pathway, from initial diagnosis through to prognosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment surveillance. Given the proven links between high quality diagnostic testing and overall health, ensuring broad access to IVDs has long been a focus of both researchers and medical professionals. Unfortunately, the current diagnostic paradigm relies heavily on centralized laboratories, complex and expensive equipment, and highly trained personnel. It is commonly assumed that this level of complexity is required to achieve the performance necessary for sensitive and specific disease diagnosis, and that making something affordable and accessible entails significant compromises in test performance. However, recent work in the field of microfluidics is challenging this notion. By exploiting the unique features of microfluidic systems, researchers have been able to create progressively simple devices that can perform increasingly complex diagnostic assays. This review details how microfluidic technologies are disrupting the status quo, and facilitating the development of simple, affordable, and accessible integrated IVDs. Importantly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various approaches, and highlight the remaining challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Khosla
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Jake M Lesinski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
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131
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Seeto WJ, Tian Y, Pradhan S, Minond D, Lipke EA. Droplet Microfluidics-Based Fabrication of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)-Fibrinogen Breast Cancer Microspheres for Automated Drug Screening Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3831-3841. [PMID: 35969206 PMCID: PMC9472798 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spheroidal cancer microtissues are highly advantageous for a wide range of biomedical applications, including high-throughput drug screening, multiplexed target validation, mechanistic investigation of tumor-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, among others. Current techniques for spheroidal tissue formation rely heavily on self-aggregation of single cancer cells and have substantial limitations in terms of cell-type-specific heterogeneities, uniformity, ease of production and handling, and most importantly, mimicking the complex native tumor microenvironmental conditions in simplistic models. These constraints can be overcome by using engineered tunable hydrogels that closely mimic the tumor ECM and elucidate pathologically relevant cell behavior, coupled with microfluidics-based high-throughput fabrication technologies to encapsulate cells and create cancer microtissues. In this study, we employ biosynthetic hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) covalently conjugated to natural protein (fibrinogen) (PEG-fibrinogen, PF) to create monodisperse microspheres encapsulating breast cancer cells for 3D culture and tumorigenic characterization. A previously developed droplet-based microfluidic system is used for rapid, facile, and reproducible fabrication of uniform cancer microspheres with either MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 (metastatic) breast cancer cells. Cancer cell-type-dependent variations in cell viability, metabolic activity, and 3D morphology, as well as microsphere stiffness, are quantified over time. Particularly, MCF7 cells grew as tight cellular clusters in the PF microspheres, characteristic of their epithelial morphology, while MDA-MB-231 cells displayed elongated and invasive morphology, characteristic of their mesenchymal and metastatic nature. Finally, the translational potential of the cancer microsphere platform toward high-throughput drug screening is also demonstrated. With high uniformity, scalability, and control over engineered microenvironments, the established cancer microsphere model can be potentially used for mechanistic studies, fabrication of modular cancer microtissues, and future drug-testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen J. Seeto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Shantanu Pradhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- College
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin
Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern
University, Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Lipke
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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132
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Szymborski TR, Czaplicka M, Nowicka AB, Trzcińska-Danielewicz J, Girstun A, Kamińska A. Dielectrophoresis-Based SERS Sensors for the Detection of Cancer Cells in Microfluidic Chips. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:681. [PMID: 36140065 PMCID: PMC9496591 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of freely circulating cancer cells (CTCs) is one of the greatest challenges of modern medical diagnostics. For several years, there has been increased attention on the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection of CTCs. SERS is a non-destructive, accurate and precise technique, and the use of special SERS platforms even enables the amplification of weak signals from biological objects. In the current study, we demonstrate the unique arrangement of the SERS technique combined with the deposition of CTCs cells on the surface of the SERS platform via a dielectrophoretic effect. The appropriate frequencies of an alternating electric field and a selected shape of the electric field can result in the efficient deposition of CTCs on the SERS platform. The geometry of the microfluidic chip, the type of the cancer cells and the positive dielectrophoretic phenomenon resulted in the trapping of CTCs on the surface of the SERS platform. We presented results for two type of breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, deposited from the 0.1 PBS solution. The limit of detection (LOD) is 20 cells/mL, which reflects the clinical potential and usefulness of the developed approach. We also provide a proof-of-concept for these CTCs deposited on the SERS platform from blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz R. Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Trzcińska-Danielewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Girstun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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133
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Martins L, Ródenas-Rochina J, Salazar D, Cardoso VF, Gómez Ribelles JL, Lanceros-Mendez S. Microfluidic Processing of Piezoelectric and Magnetic Responsive Electroactive Microspheres. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:5368-5379. [PMID: 36824683 PMCID: PMC9940114 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) combined with cobalt ferrite (CFO) particles is one of the most common and effective polymeric magnetoelectric composites. Processing PVDF into its electroactive phase is a mandatory condition for featuring electroactive behavior and specific (post)processing may be needed to achieve this state, although electroactive phase crystallization is favored at processing temperatures below 60 °C. Different techniques are used to process PVDF-CFO nanocomposite structures into microspheres with high CFO dispersion, with microfluidics adding the advantages of high reproducibility, size tunability, and time and resource efficiency. In this work, magnetoelectric microspheres are produced in a one-step approach. We describe the production of high content electroactive phase PVDF and PVDF-CFO microspheres using microfluidic technology. A flow-focusing polydimethylsiloxane device is fabricated based on a 3D printed polylactic acid master, which enables the production of spherical microspheres with mean diameters ranging from 80 to 330 μm. The microspheres feature internal and external cavernous structures and good CFO distribution with an encapsulation efficacy of 80% and prove to be in the electroactive γ-phase with a mean content of 75%. The microspheres produced using this approach show suitable characteristics as active materials for tissue regeneration strategies and other piezoelectric polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís
Amaro Martins
- CBIT—Centre
for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ródenas-Rochina
- CBIT—Centre
for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Daniel Salazar
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- Department
of Physics, Universidade do Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- CMEMS-UMinho, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- CBIT—Centre
for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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134
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Gerdan Z, Saylan Y, Denizli A. Recent Advances of Optical Sensors for Copper Ion Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1298. [PMID: 36014218 PMCID: PMC9413819 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A trace element copper (Cu2+) ion is the third most plentiful metal ion that necessary for all living organisms and playing a critical role in several processes. Nonetheless, according to cellular needs, deficient or excess Cu2+ ion cause various diseases. For all these reasons, optical sensors have been focused rapid Cu2+ ion detection in real-time with high selectivity and sensitivity. Optical sensors can measure fluorescence in the refractive index-adsorption from the relationships between light and matter. They have gained great attention in recent years due to the excellent advantages of simple and naked eye recognition, real-time detection, low cost, high specificity against analytes, a quick response, and the need for less complex equipment in analysis. This review aims to show the significance of Cu2+ ion detection and electively current trends in optical sensors. The integration of optical sensors with different systems, such as microfluidic systems, is mentioned, and their latest studies in medical and environmental applications also are depicted. Conclusions and future perspectives on these advances is added at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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135
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Fan L, Yan Q, Qian Q, Zhang S, Wu L, Peng Y, Jiang S, Guo L, Yao J, Wu H. Laser-Induced Fast Assembly of Wettability-Finely-Tunable Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Lossless Droplet Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36246-36257. [PMID: 35881172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rose-petal-like superhydrophobic surfaces with strong water adhesion are promising for microdroplet manipulation and lossless droplet transfer. Assembly of self-grown micropillars on shape-memory polymer sheets with their surface adhesion finely tunable was enabled using a picosecond laser microprocessing system in a simple, fast, and large-scale manner. The processing speed of the wettability-finely-tunable superhydrophobic surfaces is up to 0.5 cm2/min, around 50-100 times faster than the conventional lithography methods. By adjusting the micropillar height, diameter, and bending angle, as well as superhydrophobic chemical treatment, the contact angle and adhesive force of water droplets on the micropillar-textured surfaces can be tuned from 117.1° up to 165° and 15.4 up to 200.6 μN, respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests a well-defined wetting-state transition with respect to the micropillar size and provides a clear guideline for microstructure design for achieving a stabilized superhydrophobic region. Droplet handling devices, including liquid handling tweezers and gloves, were fabricated from the micropillar-textured surfaces, and lossless liquid transfer of various liquids among various surfaces was demonstrated using these devices. The superhydrophobic surfaces serve as a microreactor platform to perform and reveal the chemical reaction process under a space-constrained condition. The superhydrophobic surfaces with self-assembled micropillars promise great potential in the fields of lossless droplet transfer, biomedical detection, chemical engineering, and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyu Yan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangqiang Qian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuowen Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Hangzhou Yinhu Laser Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shibin Jiang
- Hangzhou Yinhu Laser Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianbo Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
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136
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Hassani-Gangaraj M, Shamloo A. Developing an Off-the-Shelf Microfluidic Droplet Generation Device for Cell Encapsulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Hassani-Gangaraj
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran
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137
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Facile and scalable tubing-free sample loading for droplet microfluidics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13340. [PMID: 35922529 PMCID: PMC9349288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has in recent years found a wide range of analytical and bioanalytical applications. In droplet microfluidics, the samples that are discretized into droplets within the devices are predominantly loaded through tubings, but such tubing-based sample loading has drawbacks such as limited scalability for processing many samples, difficulty for automation, and sample wastage. While advances in autosamplers have alleviated some of these drawbacks, sample loading that can instead obviate tubings offers a potentially promising alternative but has been underexplored. To fill the gap, we introduce herein a droplet device that features a new Tubing Eliminated Sample Loading Interface (TESLI). TESLI integrates a network of programmable pneumatic microvalves that regulate vacuum and pressure sources so that successive sub-microliter samples can be directly spotted onto the open-to-atmosphere TESLI inlet, vacuumed into the device, and pressurized into nanoliter droplets within the device with minimal wastage. The same vacuum and pressure regulation also endows TESLI with cleaning and sample switching capabilities, thus enabling scalable processing of many samples in succession. Moreover, we implement a pair of TESLIs in our device to parallelize and alternate their operation as means to minimizing idle time. For demonstration, we use our device to successively process 44 samples into droplets—a number that can further scale. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of tubing-free sample loading and a promising approach for advancing droplet microfluidics.
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138
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Zhan C, Chai Z, Shi B. Consistent and conservative phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible two-phase flows. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:025319. [PMID: 36109994 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.025319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we consider a general consistent and conservative phase-field model for the incompressible two-phase flows. In this model, not only the Cahn-Hilliard or Allen-Cahn equation can be adopted, but also the mass and the momentum fluxes in the Navier-Stokes equations are reformulated such that the consistency of reduction, consistency of mass and momentum transport, and the consistency of mass conservation are satisfied. We further develop a lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, and show that through the direct Taylor expansion, the present LB method can correctly recover the consistent and conservative phase-field model. Additionally, if the divergence of the extra momentum flux is seen as a force term, the extra force in the present LB method would include another term which has not been considered in the previous LB methods. To quantitatively evaluate the incompressibility and the consistency of the mass conservation, two statistical variables are introduced in the study of the deformation of a square droplet, and the results show that the present LB method is more accurate. The layered Poiseuille flow and a droplet spreading on an ideal wall are further investigated, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical solutions. Finally, the problems of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, a single rising bubble, and the dam break with the high Reynolds numbers and/or large density ratios are studied, and it is found that the present consistent and conservative LB method is robust for such complex two-phase flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenhua Chai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research for Mathematics and Applied Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Baochang Shi
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research for Mathematics and Applied Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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139
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Breakup Behaviors of Viscoelastic Polymer Droplets in 3-D Pore Throat Structure Microchannel. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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140
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Moreira A, Campos J, Miranda J. Characterization of gelatin microparticle production in a flow focusing microfluidic system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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141
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Ko J, Park D, Lee S, Gumuscu B, Jeon NL. Engineering Organ-on-a-Chip to Accelerate Translational Research. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1200. [PMID: 36014122 PMCID: PMC9412404 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We guide the use of organ-on-chip technology in tissue engineering applications. Organ-on-chip technology is a form of microengineered cell culture platform that elaborates the in-vivo like organ or tissue microenvironments. The organ-on-chip platform consists of microfluidic channels, cell culture chambers, and stimulus sources that emulate the in-vivo microenvironment. These platforms are typically engraved into an oxygen-permeable transparent material. Fabrication of these materials requires the use of microfabrication strategies, including soft lithography, 3D printing, and injection molding. Here we provide an overview of what is an organ-on-chip platform, where it can be used, what it is composed of, how it can be fabricated, and how it can be operated. In connection with this topic, we also introduce an overview of the recent applications, where different organs are modeled on the microscale using this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Dohyun Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Somin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Burcu Gumuscu
- Biosensors and Devices Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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142
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Olatunji O, More A. A Review of the Impact of Microfluidics Technology on Sperm Selection Technique. Cureus 2022; 14:e27369. [PMID: 36046322 PMCID: PMC9419845 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm sorting procedures depend on centrifugation processes. These processes produce oxidative stress and cell damage that are undesirable for in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes because they affect fertilization and implantation chances. The microfluidic sperm selection technique has shown promise in this area. It can create a platform for isolating and manipulating good-quality sperm cells using diverse triggers such as mechanical factors, chemical agents, and temperature gradients. Furthermore, microfluidic platforms can direct sperm cells for IVF or sperm sorting by utilizing an approach that is passive or active. In this review, we explain the use of microfluidics technologies for sorting and arranging sperm cells for different purposes. We also discuss the use of microfluidics technology in selecting and assessing sperm parameters and how it affects male infertility.
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143
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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144
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Chen D, Yin J, Yang Z, Qin W, Huo J, Huang J, Sun J, Piao W. Construction and Application of Hepatocyte Model Based on Microfluidic Chip Technique in Evaluating Emodin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132768. [PMID: 35807948 PMCID: PMC9268988 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current cytological evaluation technique of health food raw materials does not entirely meet the needs of evaluating health food. Our study adopted the microfluidic chip technique for the first time to construct a hepatocyte model of evaluating emodin, which was composed of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) and microfluidic chip. The mixed glue of a model with rat tail collagen type I (1.3 mg/mL) + gelatin (7.5%) was used to simulate the microenvironment of a cell. The validity of this model was evaluated by cell proliferation activity and cell staining, and the toxicity of emodin was evaluated by a series of metabolic indicators on this model. The results indicated that the repeatability of the constructed hepatocyte model was favorable, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.8%. After emodin continuously was exposed for 48 h, the cell inhibition was obvious at 100 and 200 μM, and the number of dead cells gradually increased with the increasing of emodin concentration, and the difference of BUN was significant between the emodin group and blank group (p < 0.05). The constructed model has a favorable applicability in evaluating emodin. This study provides an important platform and a potential in vitro alternative model for assessing and predicting the health effects of health food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyong Yin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6623-7211; Fax: +86-010-8313-2317
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145
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Yin J, Kuhn S. Numerical simulation of droplet formation in a microfluidic T-junction using a dynamic contact angle model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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146
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Composite Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA)/silicon flow focusing devices for colloidal particle manipulation and synthesis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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147
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Universal self-scalings in a micro-co-flowing. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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148
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Fabrication of pH-degradable supramacromolecular microgels with tunable size and shape via droplet-based microfluidics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:409-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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149
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Henkel T, Mayer G, Hampl J, Cao J, Ehrhardt L, Schober A, Groß GA. From Microtiter Plates to Droplets—There and Back Again. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071022. [PMID: 35888839 PMCID: PMC9316479 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic screening techniques can benefit from interfacing established microtiter plate-based screening and sample management workflows. Interfacing tools are required both for loading preconfigured microtiter-plate (MTP)-based sample collections into droplets and for dispensing the used droplets samples back into MTPs for subsequent storage or further processing. Here, we present a collection of Digital Microfluidic Pipetting Tips (DMPTs) with integrated facilities for droplet generation and manipulation together with a robotic system for its operation. This combination serves as a bidirectional sampling interface for sample transfer from wells into droplets (w2d) and vice versa droplets into wells (d2w). The DMPT were designed to fit into 96-deep-well MTPs and prepared from glass by means of microsystems technology. The aspirated samples are converted into the channel-confined droplets’ sequences separated by an immiscible carrier medium. To comply with the demands of dose-response assays, up to three additional assay compound solutions can be added to the sample droplets. To enable different procedural assay protocols, four different DMPT variants were made. In this way, droplet series with gradually changing composition can be generated for, e.g., 2D screening purposes. The developed DMPT and their common fluidic connector are described here. To handle the opposite transfer d2w, a robotic transfer system was set up and is described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.H.); (G.M.)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.H.); (G.M.)
| | - Jörg Hampl
- Department of Nano-Biosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Jialan Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.C.); (L.E.)
| | - Linda Ehrhardt
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.C.); (L.E.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- Department of Nano-Biosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Gregor Alexander Groß
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.C.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3677-69-3716
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150
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Manessis G, Gelasakis AI, Bossis I. Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Farm Animal Diseases: From Biosensors to Integrated Lab-on-Chip Devices. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:455. [PMID: 35884258 PMCID: PMC9312888 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses and animal diseases threaten human health and livestock biosecurity and productivity. Currently, laboratory confirmation of animal disease outbreaks requires centralized laboratories and trained personnel; it is expensive and time-consuming, and it often does not coincide with the onset or progress of diseases. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are rapid, simple, and cost-effective devices and tests, that can be directly applied on field for the detection of animal pathogens. The development of POC diagnostics for use in human medicine has displayed remarkable progress. Nevertheless, animal POC testing has not yet unfolded its full potential. POC devices and tests for animal diseases face many challenges, such as insufficient validation, simplicity, and portability. Emerging technologies and advanced materials are expected to overcome some of these challenges and could popularize animal POC testing. This review aims to: (i) present the main concepts and formats of POC devices and tests, such as lateral flow assays and lab-on-chip devices; (ii) summarize the mode of operation and recent advances in biosensor and POC devices for the detection of farm animal diseases; (iii) present some of the regulatory aspects of POC commercialization in the EU, USA, and Japan; and (iv) summarize the challenges and future perspectives of animal POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Manessis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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