101
|
Carenco S, Bonifacio CS, Yang JC. Ensemble versus Local Restructuring of Core‐shell Nickel–Cobalt Nanoparticles upon Oxidation and Reduction Cycles. Chemistry 2018; 24:12037-12043. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris 4 Place Jussieu 75252 Paris France
| | - Cecile S. Bonifacio
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh 4200 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
- E.A. Fischione Instruments Inc. 9003 Corporate Circle Export PA 15632 USA
| | - Judith C. Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh 4200 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
- Department of Physics University of Pittsburgh 4200 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Kjaervik M, Schwibbert K, Dietrich P, Thissen A, Unger WES. Surface characterisation ofEscherichia coliunder various conditions by near-ambient pressure XPS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Kjaervik
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Unter den Eichen 44-46 Berlin 12203 Germany
| | - Karin Schwibbert
- Division 4.1 Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin 12205 Germany
| | - Paul Dietrich
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH; Voltastraße 5 Berlin 13355 Germany
| | - Andreas Thissen
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH; Voltastraße 5 Berlin 13355 Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. S. Unger
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Unter den Eichen 44-46 Berlin 12203 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Mo S, Zhang Q, Li S, Ren Q, Zhang M, Xue Y, Peng R, Xiao H, Chen Y, Ye D. Integrated Cobalt Oxide Based Nanoarray Catalysts with Hierarchical Architectures: In Situ Raman Spectroscopy Investigation on the Carbon Monoxide Reaction Mechanism. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Mo
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
- Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Shuangde Li
- Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Quanming Ren
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Yudong Xue
- Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Ruosi Peng
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Hailin Xiao
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Yunfa Chen
- Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen 361021 P.R. China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research, Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric, Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT); Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Spatially Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy from Ultra-high Vacuum to Near Ambient Pressure Sample Environments. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
105
|
Takagi Y, Uruga T, Tada M, Iwasawa Y, Yokoyama T. Ambient Pressure Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Functional Material Systems as Fuel Cells under Working Conditions. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:719-727. [PMID: 29509021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous interfaces play important roles in a variety of functional material systems and technologies, such as catalysis, batteries, and devices. A fundamental understanding of efficient functions at interfaces under realistic conditions is crucial for sophisticated designs of useful material systems and novel devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is one of the most promising and common methods to investigate such material systems. Although X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is usually conducted under high vacuum because of the requirement of electron detection with the precise measurement of kinetic energies, extensive efforts have been devoted to the measurements in gaseous environments. Very recently, we have succeeded in measuring X-ray photoelectron spectra under real ambient atmosphere (105 Pa), using synchrotron radiation hard X-rays with the photon energy of 8 keV and the windowless electron spectrometer system. In this Account, the novel useful technique of real ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is reviewed. As examples of (near) ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrogen storage of Pd nanoparticles is at first investigated by recording Pd 3d and valence band spectra under hydrogen atmosphere. The Pd 3d and valence band spectra are found to change rather abruptly depending on the hydrogen pressure, demonstrating a behavior like phase transformation. Subsequently, as a main topic in this Account, we describe investigations of the electronic states of platinum nanoparticles on the cathode electrocatalyst in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) under the voltage operating conditions using the near ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic system. The Pt 4f and 3d X-ray photoelectron spectra of the cathode Pt/C catalysts clearly show that the oxidized Pt species is at most divalent and the tetravalent Pt species does not exist on the Pt nanoparticles even at the positive cathode-anode voltage of ∼1.4 V. Although the water oxidation reaction may take place at the potential, such a reaction does not lead to a buildup of detectable tetravalent Pt in the PEFC. The voltage-dependent Pt 3d X-ray photoelectron spectra show a clear hysteresis between the voltage increase and decrease processes. The fraction of oxidized Pt species matched the ratio of surface to total Pt atoms in the nanoparticles, which suggests that Pt oxidation occurs as a reaction event at only the first Pt layer of the Pt nanoparticles and the inner Pt atoms do not participate in the reaction practically. The developed technique is a valuable in situ tool for the investigation of the electronic states of PEFCs and other interesting functional material systems and devices under realistic working conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Takagi
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uruga
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Koto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iwasawa
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yokoyama
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Carenco S. Designing Nanoparticles and Nanoalloys with Controlled Surface and Reactivity. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1114-1124. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France; Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris; 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Takagi Y, Wang H, Uemura Y, Nakamura T, Yu L, Sekizawa O, Uruga T, Tada M, Samjeské G, Iwasawa Y, Yokoyama T. In situ study of oxidation states of platinum nanoparticles on a polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrode by near ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6013-6021. [PMID: 28184398 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed in situ hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) measurements of the electronic states of platinum nanoparticles on the cathode electrocatalyst of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) using a near ambient pressure (NAP) HAXPES instrument having an 8 keV excitation source. We successfully observed in situ NAP-HAXPES spectra of the Pt/C cathode catalysts of PEFCs under working conditions involving water, not only for the Pt 3d states with large photoionization cross-sections in the hard X-ray regime but also for the Pt 4f states and the valence band with small photoionization cross-sections. Thus, this setup allowed in situ observation of a variety of hard PEFC systems under operating conditions. The Pt 4f spectra of the Pt/C electrocatalysts in PEFCs clearly showed peaks originating from oxidized Pt(ii) at 1.4 V, which unambiguously shows that Pt(iv) species do not exist on the Pt nanoparticles even at such large positive voltages. The water oxidation reaction might take place at that potential (the standard potential of 1.23 V versus a standard hydrogen electrode) but such a reaction should not lead to a buildup of detectable Pt(iv) species. The voltage-dependent NAP-HAXPES Pt 3d spectra revealed different behaviors with increasing voltage (0.6 → 1.0 V) compared with decreasing voltage (1.0 → 0.6 V), showing a clear hysteresis. Moreover, quantitative peak-fitting analysis showed that the fraction of non-metallic Pt species matched the ratio of the surface to total Pt atoms in the nanoparticles, which suggests that Pt oxidation only takes place at the surface of the Pt nanoparticles on the PEFC cathode, and the inner Pt atoms do not participate in the reaction. In the valence band spectra, the density of electronic states near the Fermi edge reduces with decreasing particle size, indicating an increase in the electrocatalytic activity. Additionally, a change in the valence band structure due to the oxidation of platinum atoms was also observed at large positive voltages. The developed apparatus is a valuable in situ tool for the investigation of the electronic states of PEFC electrocatalysts under working conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Takagi
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan. and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Yohei Uemura
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan. and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Liwei Yu
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Oki Sekizawa
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uruga
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Gabor Samjeské
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iwasawa
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yokoyama
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan. and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Roy K, Artiglia L, van Bokhoven JA. Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Opportunities in Catalysis from Solids to Liquids and Introducing Time Resolution. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Carbonio EA, Rocha TCR, Klyushin AY, Píš I, Magnano E, Nappini S, Piccinin S, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Jones TE. Are multiple oxygen species selective in ethylene epoxidation on silver? Chem Sci 2018; 9:990-998. [PMID: 29629166 PMCID: PMC5874983 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04728b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the oxygen species active in ethylene epoxidation is a long-standing question. While the structure of the oxygen species that participates in total oxidation (nucleophilic oxygen) is known the atomic structure of the selective species (electrophilic oxygen) is still debated. Here, we use both in situ and UHV X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to study the interaction of oxygen with a silver surface. We show experimental evidence that the unreconstructed adsorbed atomic oxygen (Oads) often argued to be active in epoxidation has a binding energy (BE) ≤ 528 eV, showing a core-level shift to lower BE with respect to the O-reconstructions, as previously predicted by DFT. Thus, contrary to the frequent assignment, adsorbed atomic oxygen cannot account for the electrophilic oxygen species with an O 1s BE of 530-531 eV, thought to be the active species in ethylene epoxidation. Moreover, we show that Oads is present at very low O-coverages during in situ XPS measurements and that it can be obtained at slightly higher coverages in UHV at low temperature. DFT calculations support that only low coverages of Oads are stable. The highly reactive species is titrated by background gases even at low temperature in UHV conditions. Our findings suggest that at least two different species could participate in the partial oxidation of ethylene on silver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia A Carbonio
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Tulio C R Rocha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , PO Box 6192 , 13083-970 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Alexander Yu Klyushin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , S.S. 14-km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14-Km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , S.S. 14-km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
- Department of Physics , University of Johannesburg , PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , S.S. 14-km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
| | - Simone Piccinin
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali , c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470 , Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Pham TA, Zhang X, Wood BC, Prendergast D, Ptasinska S, Ogitsu T. Integrating Ab Initio Simulations and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Toward A Realistic Description of Oxidized Solid/Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:194-203. [PMID: 29240441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many energy storage and conversion devices rely on processes that take place at complex interfaces, where structural and chemical properties are often difficult to probe under operating conditions. A primary example is solar water splitting using high-performance photoelectrochemical cells, where surface chemistry, including native oxide formation, affects hydrogen generation. In this Perspective, we discuss some of the challenges associated with interrogating interface chemistry, and how they may be overcome by integrating high-level first-principles calculations of explicit interfaces with ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and direct spectroscopic simulations. We illustrate the benefit of this combined approach toward insights into native oxide chemistry at prototypical InP/water and GaP/water interfaces. This example suggests a more general roadmap for obtaining a realistic and reliable description of the chemistry of complex interfaces by combining state-of-the-art computational and experimental techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Pham
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Xueqiang Zhang
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon C Wood
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sylwia Ptasinska
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tadashi Ogitsu
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Nemšák S, Strelcov E, Duchoň T, Guo H, Hackl J, Yulaev A, Vlassiouk I, Mueller DN, Schneider CM, Kolmakov A. Interfacial Electrochemistry in Liquids Probed with Photoemission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18138-18141. [PMID: 29148738 PMCID: PMC5870841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the electrified solid-liquid interfaces are crucial for understanding biological and electrochemical systems. Until recently, use of photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) for such purposes has been hampered by incompatibility of the liquid samples with ultrahigh vacuum environment of the electron optics and detector. Here we demonstrate that the use of ultrathin electron transparent graphene membranes, which can sustain large pressure differentials and act as a working electrode, makes it possible to probe electrochemical reactions in operando in liquid environments with PEEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slavomír Nemšák
- Peter-Grünberg-Institut 6, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Evgheni Strelcov
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tomáš Duchoň
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hongxuan Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Johanna Hackl
- Peter-Grünberg-Institut 6, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Yulaev
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - David N. Mueller
- Peter-Grünberg-Institut 6, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Claus M. Schneider
- Peter-Grünberg-Institut 6, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Booth SG, Tripathi AM, Strashnov I, Dryfe RAW, Walton AS. The offset droplet: a new methodology for studying the solid/water interface using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:454001. [PMID: 28891808 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8b92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The routine study of the solid-water interface by XPS is potentially revolutionary as this development opens up whole new areas of study for photoelectron spectroscopy. To date this has been realised by only a few groups worldwide and current techniques have significant restrictions on the type of samples which can be studied. Here we present a novel and uniquely flexible approach to the problem. By introducing a thin capillary into the NAP-XPS, a small droplet can be injected onto the sample surface, offset from the analysis area by several mm. By careful control of the droplet size a water layer of controllable thickness can be established in the analysis area-continuous with the bulk droplet. We present results from the solid-water interface on a vacuum prepared TiO2(110) single crystal and demonstrate that the solid/liquid interface is addressable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Booth
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Mom RV, Onderwaater WG, Rost MJ, Jankowski M, Wenzel S, Jacobse L, Alkemade PF, Vandalon V, van Spronsen MA, van Weeren M, Crama B, van der Tuijn P, Felici R, Kessels WM, Carlà F, Frenken JW, Groot IM. Simultaneous scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron X-ray measurements in a gas environment. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 182:233-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
114
|
Pletincx S, Marcoen K, Trotochaud L, Fockaert LL, Mol JMC, Head AR, Karslioğlu O, Bluhm H, Terryn H, Hauffman T. Unravelling the Chemical Influence of Water on the PMMA/Aluminum Oxide Hybrid Interface In Situ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13341. [PMID: 29042657 PMCID: PMC5645382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the stability of chemical interactions at the polymer/metal oxide interface under humid conditions is vital to understand the long-term durability of hybrid systems. Therefore, the interface of ultrathin PMMA films on native aluminum oxide, deposited by reactive adsorption, was studied. The characterization of the interface of the coated substrates was performed using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the Kretschmann geometry (ATR-FTIR Kretschmann) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The formation of hydrogen bonds and carboxylate ionic bonds at the interface are observed. The formed ionic bond is stable up to 5 Torr water vapour pressure as shown by APXPS. However, when the coated samples are exposed to an excess of aqueous electrolyte, an increase in the amount of carboxylate bonds at the interface, as a result of hydrolysis of the methoxy group, is observed by ATR-FTIR Kretschmann. These observations, supported by ToF-SIMS spectra, lead to the proposal of an adsorption mechanism of PMMA on aluminum oxide, which shows the formation of methanol at the interface and the effect of water molecules on the different interfacial interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Pletincx
- Department of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.
| | - Kristof Marcoen
- Department of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Trotochaud
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Laura-Lynn Fockaert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M C Mol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley R Head
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Osman Karslioğlu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Herman Terryn
- Department of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Hauffman
- Department of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Newberg JT, Goodwin C, Arble C, Khalifa Y, Boscoboinik JA, Rani S. ZnO(101̅0) Surface Hydroxylation under Ambient Water Vapor. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:472-478. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Newberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Chris Goodwin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Chris Arble
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yehia Khalifa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - J. Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sana Rani
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Gouget G, Debecker DP, Kim A, Olivieri G, Gallet JJ, Bournel F, Thomas C, Ersen O, Moldovan S, Sanchez C, Carenco S, Portehault D. In Situ Solid–Gas Reactivity of Nanoscaled Metal Borides from Molten Salt Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9225-9234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gouget
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien P. Debecker
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids & Reactivity, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ara Kim
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids & Reactivity, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Gallet
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matiére et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabrice Bournel
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matiére et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Cyril Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 Rue Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Simona Moldovan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matiére et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Kostko O, Xu B, Jacobs MI, Ahmed M. Soft X-ray spectroscopy of nanoparticles by velocity map imaging. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013931. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B. Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M. I. Jacobs
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M. Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Subsurface oxide plays a critical role in CO 2 activation by Cu(111) surfaces to form chemisorbed CO 2, the first step in reduction of CO 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6706-6711. [PMID: 28607092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701405114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A national priority is to convert CO2 into high-value chemical products such as liquid fuels. Because current electrocatalysts are not adequate, we aim to discover new catalysts by obtaining a detailed understanding of the initial steps of CO2 electroreduction on copper surfaces, the best current catalysts. Using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy interpreted with quantum mechanical prediction of the structures and free energies, we show that the presence of a thin suboxide structure below the copper surface is essential to bind the CO2 in the physisorbed configuration at 298 K, and we show that this suboxide is essential for converting to the chemisorbed CO2 in the presence of water as the first step toward CO2 reduction products such as formate and CO. This optimum suboxide leads to both neutral and charged Cu surface sites, providing fresh insights into how to design improved carbon dioxide reduction catalysts.
Collapse
|
119
|
Carenco S, Liu Z, Salmeron M. The Birth of Nickel Phosphide Catalysts: Monitoring Phosphorus Insertion into Nickel. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Zhi Liu
- Division of Condensed Matter Physics and Photon Science, School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
- State key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California USA
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Favaro M, Liu Z, Crumlin EJ. Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Characterize the Solid/Liquid Interface: Probing the Electrochemical Double Layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2017.1289806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
121
|
Pletincx S, Trotochaud L, Fockaert LL, Mol JMC, Head AR, Karslıoğlu O, Bluhm H, Terryn H, Hauffman T. In Situ Characterization of the Initial Effect of Water on Molecular Interactions at the Interface of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45123. [PMID: 28327587 PMCID: PMC5361173 DOI: 10.1038/srep45123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing initial interactions at the interface of hybrid systems under humid conditions has the potential to reveal the local chemical environment at solid/solid interfaces under real-world, technologically relevant conditions. Here, we show that ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) with a conventional X-ray source can be used to study the effects of water exposure on the interaction of a nanometer-thin polyacrylic acid (PAA) layer with a native aluminum oxide surface. The formation of a carboxylate ionic bond at the interface is characterized both with APXPS and in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the Kretschmann geometry (ATR-FTIR Kretschmann). When water is dosed in the APXPS chamber up to 5 Torr (~28% relative humidity), an increase in the amount of ionic bonds at the interface is observed. To confirm our APXPS interpretation, complementary ATR-FTIR Kretschmann experiments on a similar model system, which is exposed to an aqueous electrolyte, are conducted. These spectra demonstrate that water leads to an increased wet adhesion through increased ionic bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Pletincx
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Lena Trotochaud
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Laura-Lynn Fockaert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. C. Mol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley R. Head
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Osman Karslıoğlu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Herman Terryn
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Hauffman
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Stoerzinger KA, Comes R, Spurgeon SR, Thevuthasan S, Ihm K, Crumlin EJ, Chambers SA. Influence of LaFeO 3 Surface Termination on Water Reactivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1038-1043. [PMID: 28206762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The polarity of oxide surfaces can dramatically impact their surface reactivity, in particular, with polar molecules such as water. The surface species that result from this interaction change the oxide electronic structure and chemical reactivity in applications such as photoelectrochemistry but are challenging to probe experimentally. Here, we report a detailed study of the surface chemistry and electronic structure of the perovskite LaFeO3 in humid conditions using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Comparing the two possible terminations of the polar (001)-oriented surface, we find that the LaO-terminated surface is more reactive toward water, forming hydroxyl species and adsorbing molecular water at lower relative humidity than its FeO2-terminated counterpart. However, the FeO2-terminated surface forms more hydroxyl species during water adsorption at higher humidity, suggesting that adsorbate-adsorbate interactions may impact reactivity. Our results demonstrate how the termination of a complex oxide can dramatically impact its reactivity, providing insight that can aid in the design of catalyst materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Stoerzinger
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ryan Comes
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Physics, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Steven R Spurgeon
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Suntharampillai Thevuthasan
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kyuwook Ihm
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Ethan J Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scott A Chambers
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Kerherve G, Regoutz A, Bentley D, Hood C, Feeley K, Knight S, Robson A, Turner C, Singh N, Pontefract J, Åhlund J, Kahk JM, Villar-Garcia IJ, Payne DJ. Laboratory-based high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: A novel and flexible reaction cell approach. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:033102. [PMID: 28372401 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The last 10-15 years have witnessed a resurgence in the application of high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mainly through the development of new electron energy analyser designs and the utilization of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation sources. To continue this expansion of the technique, it is crucial that instruments are developed for the home-laboratory, considering that this is where the vast majority of traditional ultra-high vacuum (UHV) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed. The research presented here introduces a new addition to the field, an instrument capable of performing spectroscopy measurements from UHV to high pressure (25 mbar), achieved using a retractable and modular reaction cell design. The ease of use, stability (of analyser, X-ray source, and gas delivery, etc.), and overall capability of the instrument will be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Kerherve
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Bentley
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Hood
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Feeley
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart Knight
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Robson
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Turner
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Singh
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - John Pontefract
- Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom
| | - John Åhlund
- Scienta Omicron AB, P.O. Box 15120, 750 15 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juhan M Kahk
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio J Villar-Garcia
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Characterization of photocatalytic TiO 2 powder under varied environments using near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43298. [PMID: 28240300 PMCID: PMC5327435 DOI: 10.1038/srep43298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consecutive eight study phases under the successive presence and absence of UV irradiation, water vapor, and oxygen were conducted to characterize surface changes in the photocatalytic TiO2 powder using near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both Ti 2p and O 1s spectra show hysteresis through the experimental course. Under all the study environments, the bridging hydroxyl (OHbr) and terminal hydroxyl (OHt) are identified at 1.1–1.3 eV and 2.1–2.3 eV above lattice oxygen, respectively. This enables novel and complementary approach to characterize reactivity of TiO2 powder. The dynamic behavior of surface-bound water molecules under each study environment is identified, while maintaining a constant distance of 1.3 eV from the position of water vapor. In the dark, the continual supply of both water vapor and oxygen is the key factor retaining the activated state of the TiO2 powder for a time period. Two new surface peaks at 1.7–1.8 and 4.0–4.2 eV above lattice oxygen are designated as peroxides (OOH/H2O2) and H2O2 dissolved in water, respectively. The persistent peroxides on the powder further explain previously observed prolonged oxidation capability of TiO2 powder without light irradiation.
Collapse
|
125
|
Trotochaud L, Head AR, Karslıoğlu O, Kyhl L, Bluhm H. Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical considerations and experimental frontiers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:053002. [PMID: 27911885 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/5/053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) has emerged as a powerful technique for in situ and operando investigations of chemical reactions under relevant ambient atmospheres far from ultra-high vacuum conditions. This review focuses on exemplary cases of APXPS experiments, giving special consideration to experimental techniques, challenges, and limitations specific to distinct condensed matter interfaces. We discuss APXPS experiments on solid/vapor interfaces, including the special case of 2D films of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride on metal substrates with intercalated gas molecules, liquid/vapor interfaces, and liquid/solid interfaces, which are a relatively new class of interfaces being probed by APXPS. We also provide a critical evaluation of the persistent limitations and challenges of APXPS, as well as the current experimental frontiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Trotochaud
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Fantauzzi D, Krick Calderón S, Mueller JE, Grabau M, Papp C, Steinrück HP, Senftle TP, van Duin ACT, Jacob T. Growth of Stable Surface Oxides on Pt(111) at Near-Ambient Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Fantauzzi
- Institute of Electrochemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89069 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage; 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sandra Krick Calderón
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan E. Mueller
- Institute of Electrochemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89069 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage; 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mathias Grabau
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Thomas P. Senftle
- Department of Mechanical and Aereospace Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544-5263 USA
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16801 USA
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89069 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage; 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Fantauzzi D, Krick Calderón S, Mueller JE, Grabau M, Papp C, Steinrück HP, Senftle TP, van Duin ACT, Jacob T. Growth of Stable Surface Oxides on Pt(111) at Near-Ambient Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2594-2598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Fantauzzi
- Institute of Electrochemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89069 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage; 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sandra Krick Calderón
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan E. Mueller
- Institute of Electrochemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89069 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage; 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mathias Grabau
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Thomas P. Senftle
- Department of Mechanical and Aereospace Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544-5263 USA
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16801 USA
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89069 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage; 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Visualization of Gas Distribution in a Model AP-XPS Reactor by PLIF: CO Oxidation over a Pd(100) Catalyst. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
129
|
Favaro M, Drisdell WS, Marcus MA, Gregoire JM, Crumlin EJ, Haber JA, Yano J. An Operando Investigation of (Ni–Fe–Co–Ce)Ox System as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Favaro
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Walter S. Drisdell
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John M. Gregoire
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ethan J. Crumlin
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joel A. Haber
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Wu CH, Eren B, Bluhm H, Salmeron MB. Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Cobalt Foil Model Catalyst under CO, H2, and Their Mixtures. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division and §Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Baran Eren
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division and §Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division and §Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miquel B. Salmeron
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division and §Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Artiglia L, Orlando F, Roy K, Kopelent R, Safonova O, Nachtegaal M, Huthwelker T, van Bokhoven JA. Introducing Time Resolution to Detect Ce 3+ Catalytically Active Sites at the Pt/CeO 2 Interface through Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:102-108. [PMID: 27936758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been employed for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of both model and real catalytic surfaces. Recent progress in the detection of photoelectrons has enabled the acquisition of spectra at pressures up to a few tens of millibars. Although reducing the pressure gap represents a remarkable advantage for catalysis, active sites may be short-lived or hidden in the majority of spectator species. Time-resolved experiments, conducted under transient conditions, are a suitable strategy for discriminating between active sites and spectators. In the present work, we characterized the surface of a Pt/CeO2 powder catalyst at 1.0 mbar of a reacting mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen and, by means of time resolution, identified short-lived active species. We replaced oxygen with nitrogen in the reaction mixture while fast-detecting the core level peaks of cerium. The results indicate that active Ce3+ sites form transiently at the surface when the oxygen is switched off. Analysis of the depth profile shows that Ce3+ ions are located at the ceria surface. The same experiment, performed on platinum-free ceria, reveals negligible reduction, indicating that platinum boosts the formation of Ce3+ active sites at the interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Kopelent
- Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Olga Safonova
- Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Han B, Stoerzinger KA, Tileli V, Gamalski AD, Stach EA, Shao-Horn Y. Nanoscale structural oscillations in perovskite oxides induced by oxygen evolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:121-126. [PMID: 27698352 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between water and oxides is critical for many technological applications, including energy storage, surface wetting/self-cleaning, photocatalysis and sensors. Here, we report observations of strong structural oscillations of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) in the presence of both H2O vapour and electron irradiation using environmental transmission electron microscopy. These oscillations are related to the formation and collapse of gaseous bubbles. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy provides direct evidence of O2 formation in these bubbles due to the incorporation of H2O into BSCF. SrCoO3-δ was found to exhibit small oscillations, while none were observed for La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ and LaCoO3. The structural oscillations of BSCF can be attributed to the fact that its oxygen 2p-band centre is close to the Fermi level, which leads to a low energy penalty for oxygen vacancy formation, high ion mobility, and high water uptake. This work provides surprising insights into the interaction between water and oxides under electron-beam irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghong Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kelsey A Stoerzinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tileli
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Gamalski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Peng Z, Yang R, Kim MA, Li L, Liu H. Influence of O2, H2O and airborne hydrocarbons on the properties of selected 2D materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02130e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adsorption of molecules from the ambient environment significantly changes the optical, electrical, electrochemical, and tribological properties of 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Peng
- Chemical Engineering College
- Ningbo Polytechnic
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beihua University
- Jilin
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Min A. Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- Swanson School of Engineering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Toyoshima R, Hiramatsu N, Yoshida M, Amemiya K, Mase K, Mun BS, Kondoh H. Catalytic CO oxidation over Pd70Au30(111) alloy surfaces: spectroscopic evidence for Pd ensemble dependent activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12657-12660. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06809c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report active Pd ensembles for catalytic CO oxidation over Pd70Au30(111) alloy surfaces by direct in situ spectroscopic observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenta Amemiya
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
- Ibaraki 305-0801
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
- Ibaraki 305-0801
- Japan
| | - Bongjin Simon Mun
- Department of Physics and Photon Science
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Spectroscopic Methods in Catalysis and Their Application in Well-Defined Nanocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805090-3.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
136
|
Huang W, Manser JS, Sadhu S, Kamat PV, Ptasinska S. Direct Observation of Reversible Transformation of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 and NH 4PbI 3 Induced by Polar Gaseous Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5068-5073. [PMID: 27973893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite its competitive photovoltaic efficiency, the structural transformations of the prototypical hybrid perovskite, methylammonium lead iodide, are facilitated by interactions with polar molecules. Changes in optical and electronic properties upon exposure to ammonia potentially can enable the use of hybrid perovskites in gas-sensing applications. We investigated the effects of ammonia on CH3NH3PbI3 by exposing perovskite films to a wide range of vapor pressures. Spectroscopic analyses indicated that ammonium cations replaced the methylammonium cations in the perovskite crystal, thereby resulting in the formation of NH4PbI3. The transformation of CH3NH3PbI3 to NH4PbI3 caused distinct changes in the morphology of the film and its crystalline structure; however, the introduction of CH3NH2 gas reversed these changes. An in-depth understanding of the reversible chemical and structural alterations resulting from exposure to polar molecules can advance the development of hybrid perovskite sensors and provide insight into mechanisms by which perovskites convert due to interactions with polar molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Huang
- Radiation Laboratory, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joseph S Manser
- Radiation Laboratory, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Subha Sadhu
- Radiation Laboratory, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sylwia Ptasinska
- Radiation Laboratory, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Liu Q, Qin H, Boscoboinik JA, Zhou G. Comparative Study of the Oxidation of NiAl(100) by Molecular Oxygen and Water Vapor Using Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11414-11421. [PMID: 27728766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation behavior of NiAl(100) by molecular oxygen and water vapor under a near-ambient pressure of 0.2 Torr is monitored using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. O2 exposure leads to the selective oxidation of Al at temperatures ranging from 40 to 500 °C. By contrast, H2O exposure results in the selective oxidation of Al at 40 and 200 °C, and increasing the oxidation temperature above 300 °C leads to simultaneous formation of both Al and Ni oxides. These results demonstrate that the O2 oxidation forms a nearly stoichiometric Al2O3 structure that provides improved protection to the metallic substrate by barring the outward diffusion of metals. By contrast, the H2O oxidation results in the formation of a defective oxide layer that allows outward diffusion of Ni at elevated temperatures for simultaneous NiO formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hailang Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Hollas D, Muchová E, Slavíček P. Modeling Liquid Photoemission Spectra: Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics Combined with Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5009-5017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hollas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Heine C, Lechner BAJ, Bluhm H, Salmeron M. Recycling of CO 2: Probing the Chemical State of the Ni(111) Surface during the Methanation Reaction with Ambient-Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13246-13252. [PMID: 27599672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), we studied the adsorption and reactions of CO2 and CO2 + H2 on the Ni(111) surface to identify the surface chemical state and the nature of the adsorbed species during the methanation reaction. In 200 mTorr CO2, we found that NiO is formed from CO2 dissociation into CO and atomic oxygen. Additionally, carbonate (CO32-) is present on the surface from further reaction of CO2 with NiO. The addition of H2 into the reaction environment leads to reduction of NiO and the disappearance of CO32-. At temperatures >160 °C, CO adsorbed on hollow sites, and atomic carbon and OH species are present on the surface. We conclude that the methanation reaction proceeds via dissociation of CO2, followed by reduction of CO to atomic carbon and its hydrogenation to methane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miquel Salmeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Gao L, Fu Q, Wei M, Zhu Y, Liu Q, Crumlin E, Liu Z, Bao X. Enhanced Nickel-Catalyzed Methanation Confined under Hexagonal Boron Nitride Shells. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Gao
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute
of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ethan Crumlin
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhi Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute
of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Favaro M, Jeong B, Ross PN, Yano J, Hussain Z, Liu Z, Crumlin EJ. Unravelling the electrochemical double layer by direct probing of the solid/liquid interface. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12695. [PMID: 27576762 PMCID: PMC5013669 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical double layer plays a critical role in electrochemical processes. Whilst there have been many theoretical models predicting structural and electrical organization of the electrochemical double layer, the experimental verification of these models has been challenging due to the limitations of available experimental techniques. The induced potential drop in the electrolyte has never been directly observed and verified experimentally, to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we report the direct probing of the potential drop as well as the potential of zero charge by means of ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy performed under polarization conditions. By analyzing the spectra of the solvent (water) and a spectator neutral molecule with numerical simulations of the electric field, we discern the shape of the electrochemical double layer profile. In addition, we determine how the electrochemical double layer changes as a function of both the electrolyte concentration and applied potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Favaro
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Beomgyun Jeong
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced X-ray Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip N. Ross
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Division of Photon Science and Condensed Matter Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ethan J. Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Strelcov E, Yang SM, Jesse S, Balke N, Vasudevan RK, Kalinin SV. Solid-state electrochemistry on the nanometer and atomic scales: the scanning probe microscopy approach. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13838-58. [PMID: 27146961 PMCID: PMC5125544 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Energy technologies of the 21(st) century require an understanding and precise control over ion transport and electrochemistry at all length scales - from single atoms to macroscopic devices. This short review provides a summary of recent studies dedicated to methods of advanced scanning probe microscopy for probing electrochemical transformations in solids at the meso-, nano- and atomic scales. The discussion presents the advantages and limitations of several techniques and a wealth of examples highlighting peculiarities of nanoscale electrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgheni Strelcov
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Sang Mo Yang
- The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Stephen Jesse
- The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Nina Balke
- The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Rama K. Vasudevan
- The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Mayr L, Shi X, Köpfle N, Klötzer B, Zemlyanov DY, Penner S. Tuning of the copper–zirconia phase boundary for selectivity control of methanol conversion. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
144
|
Soler L, Casanovas A, Escudero C, Pérez-Dieste V, Aneggi E, Trovarelli A, Llorca J. Ambient Pressure Photoemission Spectroscopy Reveals the Mechanism of Carbon Soot Oxidation in Ceria-Based Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Soler
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Centre for Research in Nanoengineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Diagonal 647, ed. ETSEIB 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Casanovas
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Centre for Research in Nanoengineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Diagonal 647, ed. ETSEIB 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source; Carrer de la Llum 2-26 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Dieste
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source; Carrer de la Llum 2-26 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- Dipartimento Politecnico; Università di Udine; Via del Cotonoficio 108 IT-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Alessandro Trovarelli
- Dipartimento Politecnico; Università di Udine; Via del Cotonoficio 108 IT-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Centre for Research in Nanoengineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Diagonal 647, ed. ETSEIB 08028 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Björneholm O, Hansen MH, Hodgson A, Liu LM, Limmer DT, Michaelides A, Pedevilla P, Rossmeisl J, Shen H, Tocci G, Tyrode E, Walz MM, Werner J, Bluhm H. Water at Interfaces. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7698-726. [PMID: 27232062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interfaces of neat water and aqueous solutions play a prominent role in many technological processes and in the environment. Examples of aqueous interfaces are ultrathin water films that cover most hydrophilic surfaces under ambient relative humidities, the liquid/solid interface which drives many electrochemical reactions, and the liquid/vapor interface, which governs the uptake and release of trace gases by the oceans and cloud droplets. In this article we review some of the recent experimental and theoretical advances in our knowledge of the properties of aqueous interfaces and discuss open questions and gaps in our understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Min Liu
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - David T Limmer
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Pedevilla
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huaze Shen
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gabriele Tocci
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institutes of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie-Madeleine Walz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josephina Werner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Weatherup RS, Eren B, Hao Y, Bluhm H, Salmeron MB. Graphene Membranes for Atmospheric Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1622-1627. [PMID: 27082434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is demonstrated using single-layer graphene membranes as photoelectron-transparent barriers that sustain pressure differences in excess of 6 orders of magnitude. The graphene serves as a support for catalyst nanoparticles under atmospheric pressure reaction conditions (up to 1.5 bar), where XPS allows the oxidation state of Cu nanoparticles and gas phase species to be simultaneously probed. We thereby observe that the Cu(2+) oxidation state is stable in O2 (1 bar) but is spontaneously reduced under vacuum. We further demonstrate the detection of various gas-phase species (Ar, CO, CO2, N2, O2) in the pressure range 10-1500 mbar including species with low photoionization cross sections (He, H2). Pressure-dependent changes in the apparent binding energies of gas-phase species are observed, attributable to changes in work function of the metal-coated grids supporting the graphene. We expect atmospheric pressure XPS based on this graphene membrane approach to be a valuable tool for studying nanoparticle catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miquel B Salmeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1760, United States
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Zhang X, Ptasinska S. Electronic and chemical structure of the H2O/GaN(0001) interface under ambient conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24848. [PMID: 27108711 PMCID: PMC4843015 DOI: 10.1038/srep24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the electronic and chemical properties of the H2O/GaN(0001) interface under elevated pressures and/or temperatures. A pristine GaN(0001) surface exhibited upward band bending, which was partially flattened when exposed to H2O at room temperature. However, the GaN surface work function was slightly reduced due to the adsorption of molecular H2O and its dissociation products. At elevated temperatures, a negative charge generated on the surface by a vigorous H2O/GaN interfacial chemistry induced an increase in both the surface work function and upward band bending. We tracked the dissociative adsorption of H2O onto the GaN(0001) surface by recording the core-level photoemission spectra and obtained the electronic and chemical properties at the H2O/GaN interface under operando conditions. Our results suggest a strong correlation between the electronic and chemical properties of the material surface, and we expect that their evolutions lead to significantly different properties at the electrolyte/electrode interface in a photoelectrochemical solar cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhang
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sylwia Ptasinska
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhu B, Xu Z, Wang C, Gao Y. Shape Evolution of Metal Nanoparticles in Water Vapor Environment. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2628-32. [PMID: 26985595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The structures of the metal nanoparticles are crucial for their catalytic activities. How to understand and even control the shape evolution of nanoparticles under reaction condition is a big challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. It has been proved that many reactive gases hold the capability of changing the structures and properties of metal nanoparticles. One interesting question is whether water vapor, such a ubiquitous environment, could induce the shape evolution of metal nanoparticles. So far this question has not received enough attention yet. In this work, we developed a model based on the density functional theory, the Wulff construction, and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm to explore the shape of metal nanoparticle at given temperature and water vapor pressure. By this model, we show clearly that water vapor could notably increase the fraction of (110) facets and decrease that of (111) facets for 3-8 nm Cu nanoparticles, which is perfectly consistent with the experimental observations. Further investigations indicate the water vapor has different effects on the different metal species (Cu, Au, Pt, and Pd). This work not only helps to understand the water vapor effect on the structures of metal nanoparticles but also proposes a simple but effective model to predict the shape of nanoparticles in certain environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beien Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Zhang X, Ptasinska S. High‐Pressure‐Induced Pseudo‐oxidation of Copper Surfaces by Carbon Monoxide. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhang
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Sylwia Ptasinska
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Niedermaier I, Kolbeck C, Steinrück HP, Maier F. Dual analyzer system for surface analysis dedicated for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at liquid surfaces and interfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:045105. [PMID: 27131705 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of liquid surfaces and interfaces with the powerful toolbox of ultra-high vacuum (UHV)-based surface science techniques generally has to overcome the issue of liquid evaporation within the vacuum system. In the last decade, however, new classes of liquids with negligible vapor pressure at room temperature-in particular, ionic liquids (ILs)-have emerged for surface science studies. It has been demonstrated that particularly angle-resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ARXPS) allows for investigating phenomena that occur at gas-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces on the molecular level. The results are not only relevant for IL systems but also for liquids in general. In all of these previous ARXPS studies, the sample holder had to be tilted in order to change the polar detection angle of emitted photoelectrons, which restricted the liquid systems to very thin viscous IL films coating a flat solid support. We now report on the concept and realization of a new and unique laboratory "Dual Analyzer System for Surface Analysis (DASSA)" which enables fast ARXPS, UV photoelectron spectroscopy, imaging XPS, and low-energy ion scattering at the horizontal surface plane of macroscopically thick non-volatile liquid samples. It comprises a UHV chamber equipped with two electron analyzers mounted for simultaneous measurements in 0° and 80° emission relative to the surface normal. The performance of DASSA on a first macroscopic liquid system will be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Niedermaier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Kolbeck
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|