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Abstract
DNA vaccination has emerged as an attractive immunotherapeutic approach against cancer
due to its simplicity, stability, and safety. Results from numerous clinical trials have
demonstrated that DNA vaccines are well tolerated by patients and do not trigger major
adverse effects. DNA vaccines are also very cost effective and can be administered
repeatedly for long-term protection. Despite all the practical advantages, DNA vaccines
face challenges in inducing potent antigen specific cellular immune responses as a result
of immune tolerance against endogenous self-antigens in tumors. Strategies to enhance
immunogenicity of DNA vaccines against self-antigens have been investigated including
encoding of xenogeneic versions of antigens, fusion of antigens to molecules that activate
T cells or trigger associative recognition, priming with DNA vectors followed by boosting
with viral vector, and utilization of immunomodulatory molecules. This review will focus
on discussing strategies that circumvent immune tolerance and provide updates on findings
from recent clinical trials.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
- CT antigens, cancer-testis antigens
- CTLs, cytotoxic lymphocytes
- DNA vaccines
- DOM, fragment c domain
- EP, electroporation
- GITR, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related genes
- HER2, Her2/neu
- HSP70, heat shock protein 70
- IFNs, interferons
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- Id, idiotype
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- Mam-A, Mammaglobin-A
- NHP, non-human primate
- PAP, Prostatic acid phosphatase
- PMED, particle mediated epidermal delivery
- PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen
- SCT, single-chain trimer
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- TAAs, tumor-associated antigens
- TBK1, Tank-binding kinase 1
- TLRs, Toll-like receptors
- TT, tetanus toxin
- Trp2, tyrosinase related protein 2
- cellular immune response
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- humoral immune response
- immune tolerance
- phTERT, optimized full-length hTERT
- tumor antigens
- vaccine delivery
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Yang
- a Department of Pathology ; Johns Hopkins University ; Baltimore , MD USA
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102
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Mellinas-Gomez M, Spanswick VJ, Paredes-Moscosso SR, Robson M, Pedley RB, Thurston DE, Baines SJ, Stell A, Hartley JA. Activity of the DNA minor groove cross-linking agent SG2000 (SJG-136) against canine tumours. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:215. [PMID: 26282406 PMCID: PMC4539724 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the leading cause of death in older dogs and its prevalence is increasing. There is clearly a need to develop more effective anti-cancer drugs in dogs. SG2000 (SJG-136) is a sequence selective DNA minor groove cross-linking agent. Based on its in vitro potency, the spectrum of in vivo and clinical activity against human tumours, and its tolerability in human patients, SG2000 has potential as a novel therapeutic against spontaneously occurring canine malignancies. RESULTS In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using SRB and MTT assays, and in vivo activity was assessed using canine tumour xenografts. DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) was determined using a modification of the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Effects on cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry and measurement of γ-H2AX by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. SG2000 had a multi-log differential cytotoxic profile against a panel of 12 canine tumour cell lines representing a range of common tumour types in dogs. In the CMeC-1 melanoma cell line, DNA ICLs increased linearly with dose following a 1 h treatment. Peak ICL was achieved within 1 h and no removal was observed over 48 h. A relationship between DNA ICL formation and cytotoxicity was observed across cell lines. The formation of γ-H2AX foci was slow, becoming evident after 4 h and reaching a peak at 24 h. SG2000 exhibited significant anti-tumour activity against two canine melanoma tumour models in vivo. Anti-tumour activity was observed at 0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg given i.v. either once, or weekly x 3. Dose-dependent DNA ICL was observed in tumours (and to a lower level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) at 2 h and persisted at 24 h. ICL increased following the second and third doses in a repeated dose schedule. At 24 h, dose dependent γ-H2AX foci were more numerous than at 2 h, and greater in tumours than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. SG2000-induced H2AX phosphorylation measured by immunohistochemistry showed good correspondence, but less sensitivity, than measurement of foci. CONCLUSIONS SG2000 displayed potent activity in vitro against canine cancer cell lines as a result of the formation and persistence of DNA ICLs. SG2000 also had significant in vivo antitumour activity against canine melanoma xenografts, and the comet and γ-H2AX foci methods were relevant pharmacodynamic assays. The clinical testing of SG2000 against spontaneous canine cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mellinas-Gomez
- CR-UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Victoria J Spanswick
- CR-UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Solange R Paredes-Moscosso
- CR-UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Matthew Robson
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - David E Thurston
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Present address: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Stephen J Baines
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK.
- Present address: Willows Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands, B90 4NH, UK.
| | - Anneliese Stell
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - John A Hartley
- CR-UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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103
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Carozzi G, Zotti A, Alberti M, Rossi F. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF PHARYNGEAL NEOPLASIA IN 25 DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56:628-37. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Carozzi
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'Orologio; Via Gramsci 1/4; 40037 Sasso Marconi Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health; University of Padua; Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Padua
| | - Monica Alberti
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi; Via Roma 57/a 40069 Zola Predosa Bologna Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'Orologio; Via Gramsci 1/4; 40037 Sasso Marconi Bologna Italy
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104
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Enjoji S, Yabe R, Fujiwara N, Tsuji S, Vitek MP, Mizuno T, Nakagawa T, Usui T, Ohama T, Sato K. The therapeutic effects of SET/I2PP2A inhibitors on canine melanoma. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1451-6. [PMID: 26062569 PMCID: PMC4667663 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine melanoma is one of the most important diseases in small animal medicine.
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a well conserved serine/threonine phosphatase, plays a
critical role as a tumor suppressor. SET/I2PP2A is an endogenous inhibitor for PP2A, which
directly binds to PP2A and suppresses its phosphatase activity. Elevated SET protein
levels have been reported to exacerbate human tumor progression. The role of SET in canine
melanoma, however, has not been understood. Here, we investigated the potential
therapeutic role for SET inhibitors in canine melanoma. The expression of SET protein was
observed in 6 canine melanoma cell lines. We used CMeC-1 cells (primary origin) and CMeC-2
cells (metastatic origin) to generate cell lines stably expressing SET-targeting shRNAs.
Knockdown of SET expression in CMeC-2, but not in CMeC-1, leads to decreased cell
proliferation, invasion and colony formation. Phosphorylation level of p70 S6 kinase was
decreased by SET knockdown in CMeC-2, suggesting the involvement of mTOR (mammalian target
of rapamycin)/p70 S6 kinase signaling. The SET inhibitors, OP449 and FTY720, more
effectively killed CMeC-2 than CMeC-1. We observed PP2A activation in CMeC-2 treated with
OP449 and FTY720. These results demonstrated the potential therapeutic application of SET
inhibitors for canine melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Enjoji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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105
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Poorman K, Borst L, Moroff S, Roy S, Labelle P, Motsinger-Reif A, Breen M. Comparative cytogenetic characterization of primary canine melanocytic lesions using array CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:171-86. [PMID: 25511566 PMCID: PMC5462112 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytic lesions originating from the oral mucosa or cutaneous epithelium are common in the general dog population, with up to 100,000 diagnoses each year in the USA. Oral melanoma is the most frequent canine neoplasm of the oral cavity, exhibiting a highly aggressive course. Cutaneous melanocytomas occur frequently, but rarely develop into a malignant form. Despite the differential prognosis, it has been assumed that subtypes of melanocytic lesions represent the same disease. To address the relative paucity of information about their genomic status, molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed on the three recognized subtypes of canine melanocytic lesions. Using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis, highly aberrant distinct copy number status across the tumor genome for both of the malignant melanoma subtypes was revealed. The most frequent aberrations included gain of dog chromosome (CFA) 13 and 17 and loss of CFA 22. Melanocytomas possessed fewer genome wide aberrations, yet showed a recurrent gain of CFA 20q15.3-17. A distinctive copy number profile, evident only in oral melanomas, displayed a sigmoidal pattern of copy number loss followed immediately by a gain, around CFA 30q14. Moreover, when assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), copy number aberrations of targeted genes, such as gain of c-MYC (80 % of cases) and loss of CDKN2A (68 % of cases), were observed. This study suggests that in concordance with what is known for human melanomas, canine melanomas of the oral mucosa and cutaneous epithelium are discrete and initiated by different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Poorman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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106
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Kawabe M, Baba Y, Tamai R, Yamamoto R, Komori M, Mori T, Takenaka S. Profiling of plasma metabolites in canine oral melanoma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1025-8. [PMID: 25843037 PMCID: PMC4565807 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common and aggressive tumors in the oral cavity of dog. The tumor has a poor prognosis, and methods for diagnosis and prediction of prognosis after treatment are required. Here, we examined metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for development of a discriminant model for evaluation of prognosis. Metabolite profiles were evaluated in healthy and melanoma plasma samples using orthogonal projection to latent structure using discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Cases that were predicted to be healthy using the OPLS discriminant model had no advanced lesions after radiation therapy. These results indicate that metabolite profiling may be useful in diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of canine malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifumi Kawabe
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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107
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Riccardo F, Aurisicchio L, Impellizeri JA, Cavallo F. The importance of comparative oncology in translational medicine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:137-48. [PMID: 25548094 PMCID: PMC11029667 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human cancer is so complex that in vivo preclinical models are needed if effective therapies are to be developed. Naturally occurring cancers in companion animals are therefore a great resource, as shown by the remarkable growth that comparative oncology has seen over the last 30 years. Cancer has become a leading cause of death in companion animals now that more pets are living long enough to develop the disease. Furthermore, more owners are seeking advanced and novel therapies for their pets as they are very much considered family members. Living in the same environments, pets and humans are often afflicted by the same types of cancer which show similar behavior and, in some species, express the same antigen molecules. The treatment of pet tumors using novel therapies is of compelling translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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108
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Tuohy JL, Selmic LE, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Withrow SJ. Outcome following curative-intent surgery for oral melanoma in dogs: 70 cases (1998–2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:1266-73. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.11.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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109
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Yokoe I, Azuma K, Hata K, Mukaiyama T, Goto T, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Itoh N, Murahata Y, Osaki T, Minami S, Okamoto Y. Clinical systemic lupeol administration for canine oral malignant melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:89-92. [PMID: 25469276 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor in dogs. Lupeol is a triterpene extracted from various fruits and vegetables that reportedly inhibits melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the efficacy of subcutaneous lupeol for spontaneous COMM was evaluated. A total of 11 dogs (3, 5 and 3 dogs diagnosed with clinical stage I, II and III melanoma, respectively) were evaluated. Subcutaneous lupeol (10 mg/kg) was administered postoperatively at various time points to treat these 11 COMM cases. Of the 11 subjects, 7 exhibited no local recurrence 180 days postoperatively and no severe adverse effects were observed in any of the cases. Furthermore, no distant metastasis was observed during the experimental period. Therefore, systemic lupeol may prevent local tumor progression and distant metastasis and may be a novel adjuvant treatment for the treatment of COMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoru Yokoe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Goto
- Sakamoto Bio Co., Ltd., Yuuwa-Memeki, Akita 010-1233, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Norihiko Itoh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murahata
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Saburo Minami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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110
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Ogihara K, Naya Y, Okamoto Y, Hata K. Differentiation-inducing and anti-proliferative activities of lupeol on canine melanoma cells. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:632. [PMID: 25392802 PMCID: PMC4221559 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Canine melanoma is the most common oral malignant tumor reported in the field of veterinary medicine. We found that lupeol, a lupine triterpene, inhibited mouse melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell differentiation. In the present study, we examined the differentiation-inducing activities of lupeol on 4 canine melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. The induction of canine melanoma cell differentiation by lupeol was confirmed by evaluating some differentiation markers such as tyrosinase with real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, we transplanted canine melanoma cells into a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse, and studied the anti-progressive effects of lupeol on tumor tissue. The gene expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-2, which are markers of pigment cell differentiation, was induced in 4 canine oral malignant melanoma cells by lupeol, and the agent markedly inhibited tumor progression in canine melanoma-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi Ogihara
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201 Japan
| | - Yuko Naya
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201 Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553 Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, 4-26 Sanuki, Araya-machi, Akita, 010-1623 Japan
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111
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Sobczyńska-Rak A, Polkowska I, Silmanowicz P. Elevated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels in the blood serum of dogs with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:362-71. [PMID: 24659713 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2014.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an essential role in the development of a neoplastic tumour by conditioning both its growth and the formation of metastases. The induction of blood vessel growth occurs under the influence of proangiogenic factors, among which Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) seems to be the most important. The aim of this research was to study the level of VEGF measured by ELISA in the serum of dogs with neoplasms of the oral cavity. The study material comprised samples of neoplastic tissue from 17 operated dogs and the serum of the examined animals as well as of dogs from the control group. The tissue samples were taken from dogs of different breeds, aged 6-14 years. The tumour type was determined in accordance with the applicable WHO classification. Blood samples taken from sick dogs and from animals of the control group were centrifuged, and immunoenzymatic labelling of VEGF was performed in the obtained serum using ELISA and R&D system reagents (Quantikine Canine VEGF). All stages of VEGF labelling were performed according to the recommendation of the test manufacturer. The median of VEGF in the serum of the dogs with neoplasms of the oral cavity was 40.64 pg/mL. The lowest value of 14.26 pg/mL was observed in the case of fibrosarcoma, and the highest value of 99.19 pg/mL in the case of squamous cell carcinoma. The VEGF median in the control group amounted to 11.14 pg/mL whereas the VEGF value in the groups of animals diagnosed with benign tumours ranged between 2.30 and 19.74 pg/mL. Elevated VEGF in the blood serum, in comparison with the benign tumour group and the control group, was observed in all examined neoplasms of the oral cavity. It was suggested that overexpression of VEGF can have a prognostic value and is useful in the early detection of neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sobczyńska-Rak
- 1 University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lublin Poland
| | - Izabela Polkowska
- 1 University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lublin Poland
| | - Piotr Silmanowicz
- 1 University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lublin Poland
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112
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Breit MN, Kisseberth WC, Bear MD, Landesman Y, Kashyap T, McCauley D, Kauffman MG, Shacham S, London CA. Biologic activity of the novel orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) KPT-335 against canine melanoma cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:160. [PMID: 25022346 PMCID: PMC4105800 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1, also known as CRM1), is a chaperone protein responsible for the export of over 200 target proteins out of the nucleus. The expression and activity of XPO1 is upregulated in several human cancers and its expression is also linked to the development of chemotherapy resistance. Recent studies using both human and murine cancer cell lines have demonstrated that XPO1 is a relevant target for therapeutic intervention. The present study sought to characterize the biologic activity of an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), KPT-335, against canine melanoma cell lines as a prelude to future clinical trials in dogs with melanoma. RESULTS We evaluated the effects of KPT-335 on 4 canine malignant melanoma cell lines and found that KPT-335 inhibited proliferation, blocked colony formation, and induced apoptosis of treated cells at biologically relevant concentrations of drug. Additionally, KPT-335 downregulated XPO1 protein while inducing a concomitant increase in XPO1 messenger RNA. Lastly, KPT-335 treatment of cell lines upregulated the expression of both protein and mRNA for the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and p21, and promoted their nuclear localization. CONCLUSIONS KPT-335 demonstrates biologic activity against canine melanoma cell lines at physiologically relevant doses, suggesting that KPT-335 may represent a viable treatment option for dogs with malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Breit
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William C Kisseberth
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Misty D Bear
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheryl A London
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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113
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Riccardo F, Iussich S, Maniscalco L, Lorda Mayayo S, La Rosa G, Arigoni M, De Maria R, Gattino F, Lanzardo S, Lardone E, Martano M, Morello E, Prestigio S, Fiore A, Quaglino E, Zabarino S, Ferrone S, Buracco P, Cavallo F. CSPG4-specific immunity and survival prolongation in dogs with oral malignant melanoma immunized with human CSPG4 DNA. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3753-62. [PMID: 24874834 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the many similarities with its human counterpart, canine malignant melanoma (cMM) is a valuable model in which to assess the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. The model is herein used to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of a human chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (hCSPG4) DNA-based vaccine. The fact that homology between hCSPG4 and cCSPG4 amino-acidic sequences stands at more than 80% provides the rationale for using an hCSPG4 DNA vaccine in the cMM model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Dogs with stage II-III surgically resected CSPG4-positive oral MM were subjected to monthly intramuscular plasmid administration, which was followed immediately by electroporation (electrovaccination) for at least 6, and up to 20, months. The immunogenicity, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine have been evaluated. RESULTS hCSPG4 electrovaccination caused no clinically relevant local or systemic side effects and resulted in significantly longer overall and disease-free survival times in 14 vaccinated dogs as compared with 13 nonvaccinated controls. All vaccinated dogs developed antibodies against both hCSPG4 and cCSPG4. Seven vaccinated dogs were also tested for a cCSPG4-specific T-cell response and only two gave a detectable interferon (IFN)γ response. CONCLUSION Xenogeneic electrovaccination against CSPG4 is able to overcome host unresponsiveness to the "self" antigen and seems to be effective in treating cMM, laying the foundation for its translation to a human clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riccardo
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Saray Lorda Mayayo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gattino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino
| | - Elena Lardone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Prestigio
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino
| | - Sara Zabarino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy;
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino;
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114
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Borrego JF, Huelsmeyer MK, Pinkerton ME, Muszynski JL, Miller SAK, Kurzman ID, Vail DM. Neurokinin-1 receptor expression and antagonism by the NK-1R antagonist maropitant in canine melanoma cell lines and primary tumour tissues. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:210-24. [PMID: 24751104 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We interrogated the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)/substance P (SP) pathway in canine melanoma tumour tissues and cell lines. NK-1R messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were observed in the majority of tumour tissues. Immunohistochemical assessment of archived tissue sections revealed NK-1R immunoreactivity in 11 of 15 tumours, which may have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic utility. However, we were unable to identify a preclinical in vitro cell line or in vivo xenograft model that recapitulates NK-1R mRNA and protein expression documented in primary tumours. While maropitant inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in cell lines, in the absence of documented NK-1R expression, this may represent off-target effects. Furthermore, maropitant failed to suppress tumour growth in a canine mouse xenograft model derived from a cell line expressing mRNA but not protein. While NK-1R represents a novel target, in the absence of preclinical models, in-species clinical trials will be necessary to investigate the therapeutic potential for antagonists such as maropitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Borrego
- The Barbara Suran Comparative Oncology Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M K Huelsmeyer
- The Barbara Suran Comparative Oncology Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M E Pinkerton
- The Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J L Muszynski
- The Barbara Suran Comparative Oncology Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S A K Miller
- The Barbara Suran Comparative Oncology Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - I D Kurzman
- The Barbara Suran Comparative Oncology Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D M Vail
- The Barbara Suran Comparative Oncology Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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115
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Itoh H, Mukaiyama T, Goto T, Hata K, Azuma K, Tsuka T, Osaki T, Imagawa T, Okamoto Y. Non-surgical treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma: A case study of the application of complementary alternative medicine. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1829-1830. [PMID: 24932241 PMCID: PMC4049709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a dog with a clinical stage III oral malignant melanoma that was treated with complementary alternative medicine (CAM). The CAM included high temperature hyperthermia, dendritic cell therapy and lupeol injections. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy were not performed. Two months after the start of treatment, the tumor disappeared and after six months, the follow-up examinations revealed no recurrence or metastasis of the tumor. Quality of life (QOL) of the dog was maintained; therefore, the application of CAM may be an effective treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma. The effective application of CAM has the potential to prolong life and maintain an excellent QOL for pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Itoh
- Kamo Animal Clinic, Saijyocho, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0044, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Goto
- Sakamoto Bio Co. Ltd., Yuuwa-Memeki, Akita 010-1233, Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Institute of Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Arayamachi, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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116
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Ottnod JM, Smedley RC, Walshaw R, Hauptman JG, Kiupel M, Obradovich JE. A retrospective analysis of the efficacy of Oncept vaccine for the adjunct treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 11:219-29. [PMID: 23909996 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) in the dog is often locally aggressive with a high metastatic potential and there are few treatment options that have been demonstrated to improve outcome of this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adjunctive treatment with the Oncept melanoma vaccine affected the outcome of dogs with OMM that had achieved loco-regional cancer control. Medical records from 45 dogs that presented to the Animal Cancer and Imaging Center were reviewed, including 30 dogs with stage II and III disease. Dogs that received the vaccine did not achieve a greater progression-free survival, disease-free interval or median survival time than dogs that did not receive the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ottnod
- Medical Oncology, Animal Cancer and Imaging Center, Canton, MI, USA.
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117
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Gillard M, Cadieu E, De Brito C, Abadie J, Vergier B, Devauchelle P, Degorce F, Dréano S, Primot A, Dorso L, Lagadic M, Galibert F, Hédan B, Galibert MD, André C. Naturally occurring melanomas in dogs as models for non-UV pathways of human melanomas. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 27:90-102. [PMID: 24112648 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring melanomas are frequent in dogs. They appear at the same localizations as in humans, i.e. skin, mucosal sites, nail matrix and eyes. They display variable behaviors: tumors at oral localizations are more frequent and aggressive than at other anatomical sites. Interestingly, dog melanomas are associated with strong breed predispositions and overrepresentation of black-coated dogs. Epidemiological analysis of 2350 affected dogs showed that poodles are at high risk of developing oral melanoma, while schnauzers or Beauce shepherds mostly developped cutaneous melanoma. Clinical and histopathological analyses were performed on a cohort of 153 cases with a 4-yr follow-up. Histopathological characterization showed that most canine tumors are intradermal and homologous to human rare morphological melanomas types - 'nevocytoid type' and 'animal type'-. Tumor cDNA sequencing data, obtained from 95 dogs for six genes, relevant to human melanoma classification, detected somatic mutations in oral melanoma, in NRAS and PTEN genes, at human hotspot sites, but not in BRAF. Altogether, these findings support the relevance of the dog model for comparative oncology of melanomas, especially for the elucidation of non-UV induced pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gillard
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France; Faculté de Médecine, SFR Biosit, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Teixeira TF, Gentile LB, da Silva TC, Mennecier G, Chaible LM, Cogliati B, Roman MAL, Gioso MA, Dagli MLZ. Cell proliferation and expression of connexins differ in melanotic and amelanotic canine oral melanomas. Vet Res Commun 2013; 38:29-38. [PMID: 24126842 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm occurring in several animal species, and is the most frequently found tumor in the oral cavity in dogs. Melanomas are classified into two types: melanotic and amelanotic. Prior research suggests that human amelanotic melanomas are more aggressive than their melanotic counterparts. This study evaluates the behavior of canine melanotic and amelanotic oral cavity melanomas and quantifies cell proliferation and the expression of connexins. Twenty-five melanomas (16 melanotic and 9 amelanotic) were collected from dogs during clinical procedures at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. After diagnosis, dogs were followed until death or euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed the gross melanotic or amelanotic characteristics and tumors were classified according to the WHO. HMB45 or Melan A immunostainings were performed to confirm the diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was quantified both by counting mitotic figures and PCNA positive nuclei. Expressions of connexins 26 and 43 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Dogs bearing amelanotic melanomas presented a shorter lifespan in comparison to those with melanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in amelanotic melanomas. Expressions of Connexins 26 and 43 were significantly reduced in amelanotic melanomas. The results presented here suggest that oral cavity melanotic and amelanotic melanomas differ regarding their behavior, cell proliferation and connexin expression in dogs, indicating a higher aggressiveness of amelanotic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarso Felipe Teixeira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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119
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Fukumoto S, Hanazono K, Fu DR, Endo Y, Kadosawa T, Iwano H, Uchide T. A new treatment for human malignant melanoma targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): A pilot study in a canine model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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120
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Suckow MA. Cancer vaccines: harnessing the potential of anti-tumor immunity. Vet J 2013; 198:28-33. [PMID: 23850019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the presence of cancer suggests failure of the immune system to protect against development of tumors, the possibility that immunity can be redirected and focused to generate an anti-tumor response offers great translational possibility. The key to this is identifying antigens likely to be present in any given tumor and functionally critical to tumor survival and growth. Such tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are varied and optimally should be absent from normal tissue. Of particular interest are TAAs associated with the tumor stroma, as immunity directed against the stroma may restrict the ability of the tumor to grow and metastasize. Important to directing the immune system toward an effect anti-tumor response is the understanding of how TAAs are processed and how the tumor is able to evade immune elimination. The process of immunoediting happens in response to the selective pressure that the immune system places upon tumor cell populations and allows for emergence of tumor cells capable of escaping immune destruction. Efforts to harness the immune system for clinical application has been aided by vaccines based on purified recombinant protein or nucleic acid TAAs. For example, a vaccine for canine melanoma has been developed and approved based on immunization with DNA components of tyrosinase, a glycoprotein essential to melanin synthesis. The performance of cancer vaccines has been aided in some cases when supplemented with immunostimulatory molecules such as interleukin 2 or a novel extracellular matrix vaccine adjuvant. Vaccines with the broadest menu of antigenic targets may be those most likely to succeed against cancer. For this reason, tissue vaccines produced from harvested tumor material may offer significant benefit. With several cancer vaccines on the veterinary and human markets, efforts to understand basic tumor immunology are soon to yield great dividends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Suckow
- 400 Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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121
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Nitta M, Azuma K, Hata K, Takahashi S, Ogiwara K, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Yokoe I, Osaki T, Minami S, Okamoto Y. Systemic and local injections of lupeol inhibit tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:641-645. [PMID: 24649001 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and it is procured from activated or genetically altered epidermal melanocytes. In the present study, the tumor-suppressive effects of systemic and local injections of lupeol, a triterpene extracted from Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica), in a melanoma-bearing mouse model were evaluated. Mice were injected once with lupeol or olive oil (solvent control) subcutaneously into the skin of the back or into the tumor tissue. Seven days after the injection, the tumor growth rates were calculated and the tumor tissues were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed. The tumor growth rates in the lupeol-injected group were significantly decreased compared to those observed in the non-treated (NT) and solvent control groups. Lupeol also significantly decreased the areas positively stained for Ki-67 and PCNA in the tumor tissues compared to those in the NT and solvent control groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that systemic and local injections of lupeol suppress tumor growth and induce cell cycle arrest in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. These data suggest that lupeol may be effective as a novel therapeutic option for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nitta
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita, Akita 0101623, Japan
| | - Saori Takahashi
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita, Akita 0101623, Japan
| | - Kikumi Ogiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525201, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Inoru Yokoe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Saburo Minami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
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122
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Wilson-Robles HM, Daly M, Pfent C, Sheppard S. Identification and evaluation of putative tumour-initiating cells in canine malignant melanoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:60-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Wilson-Robles
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - M. Daly
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - C. Pfent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - S. Sheppard
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
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124
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Wilson H, Chadalapaka G, Jutooru I, Sheppard S, Pfent C, Safe S. Effect of tolfenamic acid on canine cancer cell proliferation, specificity protein (sp) transcription factors, and sp-regulated proteins in canine osteosarcoma, mammary carcinoma, and melanoma cells. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:977-86. [PMID: 22536857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolfenamic acid (TA) is an NSAID currently under investigation as an anticancer agent in humans. TA induces proteosome-dependent degradation of transcription factors Sp 1, 3, and 4. These proteins are known to be overexpressed in many human cancers. HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the protein expression of Sps in canine tissue, and efficacy of TA against several canine tumor cell lines. METHODS Six canine cell lines (2 osteosarcoma, 2 mammary carcinoma, 2 melanoma) were evaluated. Protein levels of Sp 1-4 and their downstream targets were evaluated using Western Blots. Cell survival and TUNEL assays were performed on cell lines, and Sp1 expression was evaluated on histologic samples from archived canine cases. ANIMALS Six immortalized canine cancer cell lines derived from dogs were used. Archived tissue samples were also used. RESULTS Sps were highly expressed in all 6 cell lines and variably expressed in histologic tissues. TA decreased expression of Sps 1-4 in all cell lines. All of the downstream targets of Sps were inhibited in the cell lines. Variable Sp1 expression was identified in all histologic samples examined. TA significantly inhibited cell survival in all cell lines in a dose dependant fashion. The number of cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly increased (P < .05) in all cell lines after exposure to TA in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS, AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Tolfenamic acid is a potential anticancer NSAID and further investigation is needed to determine its usefulness in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wilson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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125
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Yamada N, Mori T, Murakami M, Noguchi S, Sakai H, Akao Y, Maruo K. Fascin-1 expression in canine cutaneous and oral melanocytic tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 10:303-11. [PMID: 22236355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fascin-1 expression was examined in 9 cutaneous melanocytomas and 47 oral melanomas. The cases were scored on the basis of extent and intensity of staining, and combined scores were calculated. Fascin-1 expression was observed in 5/9 (56%) melanocytomas and 46/47 (98%) melanomas. The combined score for fascin-1 was significantly greater in stage III/IV melanomas than in stage I/II melanomas (P < 0.05). In addition, strong fascin-1 staining was associated with a significantly shortened survival time (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fascin-1 overexpression correlates with the malignancy of canine melanoma and has the potential to be a new immunohistochemical marker to predict the clinical course of canine melanoma. In addition, targeted therapy for fascin-1 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of canine melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamada
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
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126
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Noguchi S, Mori T, Hoshino Y, Yamada N, Maruo K, Akao Y. MicroRNAs as tumour suppressors in canine and human melanoma cells and as a prognostic factor in canine melanomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Noguchi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - T. Mori
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Y. Hoshino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - N. Yamada
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - K. Maruo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Y. Akao
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
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127
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Buelow ME, Marretta SM, Barger A, Lichtensteiger C. Lingual Lesions in the Dog and Cat: Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Vet Dent 2011; 28:151-62. [DOI: 10.1177/089875641102800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The tongue plays many vital roles in the oral cavity of the dog and cat. Consequently, lingual lesions can have devastating effects on an animal's overall health. This article provides a review of tongue anatomy as well as a review of the etiology, gross appearance, and diagnostic procedures indicated for a wide variety of lingual lesions. Lingual pathologic conditions that are reviewed include traumatic, metabolic, idiopathic, infectious, immune-mediated, hereditary, and neoplastic lesions. This article also describes current concepts in the medical management of lingual lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Buelow
- From the Departments of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Barger, Lichtensteiger), University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Sandra Manfra Marretta
- From the Departments of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Barger, Lichtensteiger), University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Anne Barger
- From the Departments of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Barger, Lichtensteiger), University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Carol Lichtensteiger
- From the Departments of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Barger, Lichtensteiger), University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802
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128
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Smedley RC, Spangler WL, Esplin DG, Kitchell BE, Bergman PJ, Ho HY, Bergin IL, Kiupel M. Prognostic Markers for Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2011; 48:54-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810390717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - D. G. Esplin
- Animal Reference Pathology Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - B. E. Kitchell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - H.-Y. Ho
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - I. L. Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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129
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Smedley RC, Lamoureux J, Sledge DG, Kiupel M. Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Canine Oral Amelanotic Melanocytic Neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:32-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810387447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - J. Lamoureux
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - D. G. Sledge
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - M. Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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130
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COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in Canine Cutaneous, Oral and Ocular Melanocytic Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Shearin AL, Ostrander EA. Leading the way: canine models of genomics and disease. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:27-34. [PMID: 20075379 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.004358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years Canis familiaris, the domestic dog, has drawn considerable attention as a system in which to investigate the genetics of disease susceptibility, morphology and behavior. Because dogs show remarkable intrabreed homogeneity, coupled with striking interbreed heterogeneity, the dog offers unique opportunities to understand the genetic underpinnings of natural variation in mammals, a portion of which is disease susceptibility. In this review, we highlight the unique features of the dog, such as population diversity and breed structure, that make it particularly amenable to genetic studies. We highlight recent advances in understanding the architecture of the dog genome, which propel the system to the forefront of consideration when selecting a system for disease gene studies. The most notable benefit of using the dog for genetic studies is that dogs get many of the same diseases as humans, with a similar frequency, and the same genetic factors are often involved. We discuss two approaches for localizing disease genes in the dog and provide examples of ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Shearin
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kutzler MA, Kraynyak KA, Nagle SJ, Parkinson RM, Zharikova D, Chattergoon M, Maguire H, Muthumani K, Ugen K, Weiner DB. Plasmids encoding the mucosal chemokines CCL27 and CCL28 are effective adjuvants in eliciting antigen-specific immunity in vivo. Gene Ther 2010; 17:72-82. [PMID: 19847203 PMCID: PMC10751736 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A hurdle facing DNA vaccine development is the ability to generate strong immune responses systemically and at local immune sites. We report a novel systemically administered DNA vaccination strategy using intramuscular codelivery of CCL27 or CCL28, which elicited elevated peripheral IFN-gamma and antigen-specific IgG while driving antigen-specific T-cell secretion of cytokine and antibody production in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and lung. This strategy resulted in induction of long-lived antibody responses that neutralized influenza A/PR8/34 and protected mice from morbidity and mortality associated with a lethal intranasal viral challenge. This is the first example of the use of CCL27 and CCL28 chemokines as adjuvants to influence a DNA vaccine strategy, suggesting further examination of this approach for manipulation of vaccine-induced immunity impacting both quality and phenotype of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Kutzler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - KA Kraynyak
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - SJ Nagle
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - RM Parkinson
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - M Chattergoon
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Maguire
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Muthumani
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Ugen
- The Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Center for Molecular Delivery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - DB Weiner
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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133
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Brønden LB, Eriksen T, Kristensen AT. Oral malignant melanomas and other head and neck neoplasms in Danish dogs--data from the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry. Acta Vet Scand 2009; 51:54. [PMID: 20021647 PMCID: PMC2803174 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-51-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck cancers (HNC) are relatively common and often very serious diseases in both dogs and humans. Neoplasms originating in the head and neck region are a heterogeneous group. HNC often has an unfavourable prognosis and the proximity of the tissue structures renders extirpation of tumours with sufficient margins almost incompatible with preservation of functionality. In humans oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is extremely rare, but represents a particular challenge since it is highly aggressive as is the canine counterpart, which thus may be of interest as a spontaneous animal model. Methods Canine cases entered in the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry (DVCR) from May 15th 2005 through February 29th 2008 were included in this study. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions of HNC in dogs and humans as well as proportions of surgically treated cases of OMM and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Also the proportions of benign and malignant neoplasms of different locations in dogs were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 1768 cases of neoplasias (679 malignant, 826 benign, 263 unknown) were submitted. Of all neoplasias HNC accounted for 7.2% (n = 128). Of these, 64 (50%) were malignant and 44 (34%) benign. The most common types of malignant neoplasia were SCC (18; 28% of malignant), OMM (13; 20% of malignant), soft tissue sarcoma (11; 17% of malignant) and adenocarcinoma (5; 11% of malignant). The most common types of benign neoplasms were adenoma (7; 16% of benign), polyps (6; 14% of benign) and fibroma (5; 11% of benign). Conclusions In the current study, the proportion of neoplasia in the head and neck region in dogs in Denmark was similar to other canine studies and significantly more common than in humans with a large proportion of malignancies. Spontaneous HNC in dogs thus, may serve as a model for HNC in humans. Canine OMM is a spontaneous cancer in an outbred, immune-competent large mammal population and could be a clinical model for OMM in humans.
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Correlation of Pretreatment Polarographically Measured Oxygen Pressures with Quantified Contrast-Enhanced Power Doppler Ultrasonography in Spontaneous Canine Tumors and their Impact on Outcome After Radiation Therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2009; 185:756-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-009-1988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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135
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Abstract
DNA vaccines represent a new frontier in vaccine technology. One important application of this technology is in the veterinary arena. DNA vaccines have already gained a foothold in certain fields of veterinary medicine. However, several important questions must be addressed when developing DNA vaccines for animals, including whether or not the vaccine is efficacious and cost effective compared with currently available options. Another important question to consider is how to apply this developing technology in a wide range of different situations, from the domestic pet to individual fish in fisheries with several thousand animals, to wildlife programs for disease control. In some cases, DNA vaccines represent an interesting option for vaccination, while in others, currently available options are sufficient. This review will examine a number of diseases of veterinary importance and the progress being made in DNA vaccine technology relevant to these diseases, and we compare these with the conventional treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Redding
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,
| | - David B Werner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 422 Curie Boulevard – 505 SCL, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Tel.: +1 215 349 8365, Fax: +1215 573 9436,
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Tuohy JL, Milgram J, Worley DR, Dernell WS. A review of sentinel lymph node evaluation and the need for its incorporation into veterinary oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:81-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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137
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Kent MS, Collins CJ, Ye F. Activation of the AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways and the inhibitory effects of rapamycin on those pathways in canine malignant melanoma cell lines. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:263-9. [PMID: 19231960 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the activation of the AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and assess the inhibitory effects of rapamycin on those pathways in canine malignant melanoma cells. SAMPLE POPULATION 3 established primary canine melanoma cell lines generated from naturally occurring tumors. PROCEDURES Expressions of total and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) in canine melanoma cells that were or were not exposed to 10nM rapamycin were assessed via western blot analysis. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the surviving fraction of melanoma cells after exposure to 0.1, 1, 10, or 100nM rapamycin. RESULTS Expressions of total and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, and p70S6K proteins were detected (ie, the AKT and mTOR pathways were activated) in all 3 cell lines. Rapamycin treatment resulted in decreases in phosphorylated mTOR expression and phosphorylated p70S6K expression but no change in phosphorylated AKT expression. Expression of total AKT, mTOR, and p70S6K persisted after rapamycin treatment. There was a significant dose-dependent decrease in surviving tumor cell fraction for each cell line following treatment with rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data indicated that AKT and mTOR, as well as their downstream product p70S6K, are present and active in canine melanoma cells. Activation of the mTOR pathway can be inhibited by rapamycin; treatment of melanoma cells with rapamycin decreased the surviving tumor cell fraction. Use of mTOR inhibitors as antineoplastic treatments in dogs with melanoma warrants investigation. Furthermore, these data support the use of canine melanoma cells as a molecular model for melanoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Canine Genetics Offers New Mechanisms for the Study of Human Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:2181-3. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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