101
|
Disrupted topology of hippocampal connectivity is associated with short-term antidepressant response in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:539-544. [PMID: 28866298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graph theoretical analyses have identified disrupted functional topological organization across the brain in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between brain topology and short-term treatment responses in patients with MDD remains unknown. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with MDD and 63 cognitively normal (CN) subjects were recruited at baseline and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Graph theory analysis was used to examine group differences in the whole-brain functional topological properties. The association between altered brain topology and the early antidepressant response was examined. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed lower normalized clustering coefficients, lower small-worldness scalars and increased nodal efficiencies in the default mode network and decreased nodal efficiencies in basal ganglia and hippocampal networks. In addition, the decreased nodal efficiency in left hippocampus was negatively correlated with depressive severity at baseline and positively correlated with changes in the depressive scores after two weeks of antidepressant treatment. LIMITATIONS The patients in the present study received different medications. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the altered brain functional topological organization in patients with MDD is associated with the treatment response in the early phase of medication. Therefore, brain topology assessments might be considered a useful and convenient predictor of short-term antidepressant responses.
Collapse
|
102
|
Abu-Akel A, Testa RR, Jones HP, Ross N, Skafidas E, Tonge B, Pantelis C. Attentional set-shifting and social abilities in children with schizotypal and comorbid autism spectrum disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:68-77. [PMID: 28523937 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417708610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While diagnostically independent, autism and schizotypal disorders can co-occur. Their concurrent impact on outcomes and phenotypes has not been investigated. We investigated the impact of comorbid autism and schizotypal disorders in children on executive functioning and socio-pragmatic skills - core features of both disorders. METHOD Executive functioning (assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) and socio-pragmatic skills (assessed using the Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids) were investigated in a total of 67 (6-12 year old) children with autism ( n = 15; M/F = 10/5), schizotypal disorder ( n = 8; M/F = 5/3) and comorbid autism and schizotypal disorder ( n = 12; M/F = 5/7) and typically developing children ( n = 32; M/F = 17/15). RESULTS Both the autism and schizotypal disorder groups performed more poorly than the typically developing group on socio-pragmatic skills and overall performance (i.e. number of stages completed) of the intra-/extra-dimensional set-shifting task (all ps < 0.001). Clear distinctions between the autism and schizotypal groups were present in the intra-/extra-dimensional task relative to the typically developing group - the autism group had difficulties with extra-dimensional shifts ( p < 0.001), and the schizotypal disorder group with intra-dimensional shifts ( p = 0.08). Interestingly, the overall performance of the comorbid group on the intra-/extra-dimensional task was not significantly different from the typically developing group, and they were superior to both the autism ( p = 0.019) and schizotypal disorder ( p = 0.042) groups on socio-pragmatic skills. CONCLUSION The phenotypical overlap between autism and schizotypal disorders may be precipitated by different cognitive styles and/or mechanisms associated with attention and information processing. We propose that sustaining and switching attention represent two poles of irregularities across the autism and schizotypal spectra, which appear to converge in a compensatory manner in the comorbid group. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating children with a dual diagnosis of autism and schizotypal disorders, and raise intriguing questions about possible mechanisms to explain the attenuated impairment observed in the group of children with comorbid autism and schizotpyal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Akel
- 1 Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renee R Testa
- 2 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,3 School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,4 The Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology Group, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harvey P Jones
- 2 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,3 School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nola Ross
- 4 The Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology Group, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- 5 Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce Tonge
- 6 Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- 2 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,5 Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Axelrod V, Rees G, Bar M. The default network and the combination of cognitive processes that mediate self-generated thought. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:896-910. [PMID: 30035236 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-generated cognitions, such as recalling personal memories or empathizing with others, are ubiquitous and essential for our lives. Such internal mental processing is ascribed to the Default Mode Network, a large network of the human brain, though the underlying neural and cognitive mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that our mental experience is mediated by a combination of activities of multiple cognitive processes. Our study included four functional MRI experiments with the same participants and a wide range of cognitive tasks, as well as an analytical approach that afforded the identification of cognitive processes during self-generated cognition. We showed that several cognitive processes functioned simultaneously during self-generated mental activity. The processes had specific and localized neural representations, suggesting that they support different aspects of internal processing. Overall, we demonstrate that internally directed experience may be achieved by pooling over multiple cognitive processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Axelrod
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Geraint Rees
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moshe Bar
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Inter-vender and test-retest reliabilities of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging: Implications for multi-center imaging studies. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 44:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
105
|
Hu CY, Gao X, Long L, Long X, Liu C, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liu C, Xiao B, Hu ZY. Altered DMN functional connectivity and regional homogeneity in partial epilepsy patients: a seventy cases study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81475-81484. [PMID: 29113406 PMCID: PMC5655301 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinically diagnosed partial epilepsy is hard to be functionally diagnosed by regular electroencephalograph (EEG) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By collecting transient brain regional signals, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) function MRI (BOLD-fMRI) can provide brain function change information with high accuracy. By using resting state BOLD-fMRI technique, we aim to investigate the changes of brain function in partial epilepsy patients. Methods BOLD-fMRI scanning was performed in 70 partial epilepsy and 70 healthy people. BOLD-fMRI data was analyzed by using the Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) method and functional connectivity of Default Mode Network (DMN) methods. The abnormal brain functional connectivity in partial epilepsy patients was detected by Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) analysis. Results Compared to healthy group, epilepsy patients showed significant decreased ReHo in left inferior parietal lobule/pre- and post-central gyrus, right thalamus/paracentral lobule/Cerebellum anterior and posterior Lobe, bilateral insula. The DMN functional connectivity regions decreased significantly in right uncus, left Inferior parietal lobule, left supramarginal gyrus, left uncus, left parahippocampa gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus, in epilepsy patients, compared to healthy controls. Significance This study clarified that both ReHo and functional connectivity of DMN decreased in partial epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls. While left inferior parietal lobule was detected in both ReHo and DMN, many other identified regions were different by using these two BOLD-fMRI techniques. We propose that both ReHo and DMN patterns in BOLD-fMRI may suggest networks responsible for partial epilepsy genesis or progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaorong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yayu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chujuan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Hu
- Department of Clinical Research and Teaching, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Gong J, Liu X, Liu T, Zhou J, Sun G, Tian J. Dual Temporal and Spatial Sparse Representation for Inferring Group-Wise Brain Networks From Resting-State fMRI Dataset. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:1035-1048. [PMID: 28796604 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2737785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, sparse representation has been successfully used to identify brain networks from task-based fMRI dataset. However, when using the strategy to analyze resting-state fMRI dataset, it is still a challenge to automatically infer the group-wise brain networks under consideration of group commonalities and subject-specific characteristics. In the paper, a novel method based on dual temporal and spatial sparse representation (DTSSR) is proposed to meet this challenge. First, the brain functional networks with subject-specific characteristics are obtained via sparse representation with online dictionary learning for the fMRI time series (temporal domain) of each subject. Next, based on the current brain science knowledge, a simple mathematical model is proposed to describe the complex nonlinear dynamic coupling mechanism of the brain networks, with which the group-wise intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) can be inferred by sparse representation for these brain functional networks (spatial domain) of all subjects. Experiments on Leiden_2180 dataset show that most group-wise ICNs obtained by the proposed DTSSR are interpretable by current brain science knowledge and are consistent with previous literature reports. The robustness of DTSSR and the reproducibility of the results are demonstrated by experiments on three different datasets (Leiden_2180, Leiden_2200, and our own dataset). The present work also shed new light on exploring the coupling mechanism of brain networks from perspective of information science.
Collapse
|
107
|
Modulation of financial deprivation on deception and its neural correlates. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3271-3277. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
108
|
Fenoglio A, Georgieff MK, Elison JT. Social brain circuitry and social cognition in infants born preterm. J Neurodev Disord 2017; 9:27. [PMID: 28728548 PMCID: PMC5516343 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurologic, psychiatric, and cognitive outcomes. The brain circuits involved in processing social information are critical to all of these domains, but little work has been done to examine whether and how these circuits may be especially sensitive to prematurity. This paper contains a brief summary of some of the cognitive, psychiatric, and social outcomes associated with prematurity, followed by a description of findings from the modest body of research into social-cognitive development in infants and children born preterm. Next, findings from studies of structural and functional brain development in infants born preterm are reviewed, with an eye toward the distinctive role of the brain circuits implicated in social functioning. The goal of this review is to investigate the extent to which the putative "social brain" may have particular developmental susceptibilities to the insults associated with preterm birth, and the role of early social-cognitive development in later neurodevelopmental outcomes. Much work has been done to characterize neurobehavioral outcomes in the preterm population, but future research must incorporate both brain and behavioral measures to identify early biomarkers linked to later emerging social-cognitive clinical impairment in order to guide effective, targeted intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fenoglio
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael K. Georgieff
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neonatology, University of Minnesota, 6th Floor East Building, MB630, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neonatology, University of Minnesota, 6th Floor East Building, MB630, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Domínguez D JF, Poudel G, Stout JC, Gray M, Chua P, Borowsky B, Egan GF, Georgiou-Karistianis N. Longitudinal changes in the fronto-striatal network are associated with executive dysfunction and behavioral dysregulation in Huntington's disease: 30 months IMAGE-HD data. Cortex 2017; 92:139-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
110
|
Pievani M, Pini L, Ferrari C, Pizzini FB, Boscolo Galazzo I, Cobelli C, Cotelli M, Manenti R, Frisoni GB. Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of the Default Mode and Salience Network for Target Identification in Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Networks. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:825-843. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pievani
- Laboratory Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pini
- Laboratory Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca B. Pizzini
- Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cobelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosa Manenti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Laird AR, Riedel MC, Okoe M, Jianu R, Ray KL, Eickhoff SB, Smith SM, Fox PT, Sutherland MT. Heterogeneous fractionation profiles of meta-analytic coactivation networks. Neuroimage 2017; 149:424-435. [PMID: 28222386 PMCID: PMC5408583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational cognitive neuroimaging approaches can be leveraged to characterize the hierarchical organization of distributed, functionally specialized networks in the human brain. To this end, we performed large-scale mining across the BrainMap database of coordinate-based activation locations from over 10,000 task-based experiments. Meta-analytic coactivation networks were identified by jointly applying independent component analysis (ICA) and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) across a wide range of model orders (i.e., d=20-300). We then iteratively computed pairwise correlation coefficients for consecutive model orders to compare spatial network topologies, ultimately yielding fractionation profiles delineating how "parent" functional brain systems decompose into constituent "child" sub-networks. Fractionation profiles differed dramatically across canonical networks: some exhibited complex and extensive fractionation into a large number of sub-networks across the full range of model orders, whereas others exhibited little to no decomposition as model order increased. Hierarchical clustering was applied to evaluate this heterogeneity, yielding three distinct groups of network fractionation profiles: high, moderate, and low fractionation. BrainMap-based functional decoding of resultant coactivation networks revealed a multi-domain association regardless of fractionation complexity. Rather than emphasize a cognitive-motor-perceptual gradient, these outcomes suggest the importance of inter-lobar connectivity in functional brain organization. We conclude that high fractionation networks are complex and comprised of many constituent sub-networks reflecting long-range, inter-lobar connectivity, particularly in fronto-parietal regions. In contrast, low fractionation networks may reflect persistent and stable networks that are more internally coherent and exhibit reduced inter-lobar communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mershack Okoe
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Radu Jianu
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly L Ray
- Research Imaging Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Harrison BJ, Fullana MA, Via E, Soriano-Mas C, Vervliet B, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Pujol J, Davey CG, Kircher T, Straube B, Cardoner N. Human ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the positive affective processing of safety signals. Neuroimage 2017; 152:12-18. [PMID: 28254509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contributes to the learned discrimination of threat and safety signals, although its precise contribution to these processes remains unclear. One hypothesis is that the vmPFC supports the positive affective processing of safety signals linked to their implicit stress-relieving properties. We set out to test this hypothesis and to examine the specificity of vmPFC responses to safety signal processing versus its high level of 'default mode' activity. Sixty participants completed an fMRI conditioning task that involved the generation of a conditioned threat (CS+) and safety (CS-) signal following the completion of a pre-conditioning baseline. Confirming past findings, activation of the vmPFC and other midline cortical and parietal areas - broadly resembling the default mode network - robustly discriminated between the CS- and CS+. However, when adjusting for this network's characteristic 'baseline' activity, only a subset of regions, including the vmPFC, was activated by the CS-. Regional selectivity for safety signal processing was confirmed by demonstrating a significant correlation between the magnitude of vmPFC responses and self-rated positive affect evoked by the CS-. Taken together, our current findings confirm a link between human vmPFC activity and the positive affective processing of safety signals. We discuss these findings with regards a broader model of human vmPFC function and its suggested higher-order contribution to emotionally adaptive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 161 Barry St. Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Miquel Angel Fullana
- Anxiety Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Unit (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Esther Via
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell 08208, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM G17, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM G17, Barcelona 08907, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bram Vervliet
- Center for Excellence on Generalization, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM G17, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 161 Barry St. Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell 08208, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Horowitz-Kraus T, Farah R, Hajinazarian A, Eaton K, Rajagopal A, Schmithorst VJ, Altaye M, Vannest JJ, Holland SK. Maturation of Brain Regions Related to the Default Mode Network during Adolescence Facilitates Narrative Comprehension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5. [PMID: 32524005 PMCID: PMC7286598 DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Although the Default Mode Network (DMN) has been examined extensively in adults, developmental characteristics of this network during childhood are not fully understood. Methods In this longitudinal study, we characterized the developmental changes in the DMN in fifteen children who were each scanned three times during a narrative comprehension task using magnetic resonance imaging. Results Despite similar brain-activation patterns along developmental ages 5 to 18 years when listening to stories, increased, widely distributed deactivation of the DMN was observed in children between the ages of 11 and 18 years. Our findings suggest that changes occurring with increased age, primarily brain maturation and cognitive development drive deactivation of the DMN, which in turn might facilitate attendance to the task. Conclusions The interpretation of our results is as a possible reference for the typical course of deactivation of the DMN and to explain the impaired patterns in this neural network associated with different language-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel.,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel
| | - Ardag Hajinazarian
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Eaton
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akila Rajagopal
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincent J Schmithorst
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer J Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Feelings of shame, embarrassment and guilt and their neural correlates: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:455-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
115
|
McDonald AR, Muraskin J, Dam NTV, Froehlich C, Puccio B, Pellman J, Bauer CCC, Akeyson A, Breland MM, Calhoun VD, Carter S, Chang TP, Gessner C, Gianonne A, Giavasis S, Glass J, Homann S, King M, Kramer M, Landis D, Lieval A, Lisinski J, Mackay-Brandt A, Miller B, Panek L, Reed H, Santiago C, Schoell E, Sinnig R, Sital M, Taverna E, Tobe R, Trautman K, Varghese B, Walden L, Wang R, Waters AB, Wood DC, Castellanos FX, Leventhal B, Colcombe SJ, LaConte S, Milham MP, Craddock RC. The real-time fMRI neurofeedback based stratification of Default Network Regulation Neuroimaging data repository. Neuroimage 2016; 146:157-170. [PMID: 27836708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This data descriptor describes a repository of openly shared data from an experiment to assess inter-individual differences in default mode network (DMN) activity. This repository includes cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Multi Source Interference Task, to assess DMN deactivation, the Moral Dilemma Task, to assess DMN activation, a resting state fMRI scan, and a DMN neurofeedback paradigm, to assess DMN modulation, along with accompanying behavioral and cognitive measures. We report technical validation from n=125 participants of the final targeted sample of 180 participants. Each session includes acquisition of one whole-brain anatomical scan and whole-brain echo-planar imaging (EPI) scans, acquired during the aforementioned tasks and resting state. The data includes several self-report measures related to perseverative thinking, emotion regulation, and imaginative processes, along with a behavioral measure of rapid visual information processing. Technical validation of the data confirms that the tasks deactivate and activate the DMN as expected. Group level analysis of the neurofeedback data indicates that the participants are able to modulate their DMN with considerable inter-subject variability. Preliminary analysis of behavioral responses and specifically self-reported sleep indicate that as many as 73 participants may need to be excluded from an analysis depending on the hypothesis being tested. The present data are linked to the enhanced Nathan Kline Institute, Rockland Sample and builds on the comprehensive neuroimaging and deep phenotyping available therein. As limited information is presently available about individual differences in the capacity to directly modulate the default mode network, these data provide a unique opportunity to examine DMN modulation ability in relation to numerous phenotypic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia R McDonald
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Muraskin
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas T Van Dam
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Puccio
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Clemens C C Bauer
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Akeyson
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Melissa M Breland
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Steven Carter
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany P Chang
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Chelsea Gessner
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa Gianonne
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Jamie Glass
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Steven Homann
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Margaret King
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melissa Kramer
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Drew Landis
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alexis Lieval
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna Mackay-Brandt
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Taub Institute and GH Sergeivesky Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Laura Panek
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Hayley Reed
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Eszter Schoell
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Richard Sinnig
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Sital
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Elise Taverna
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Russell Tobe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Trautman
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Betty Varghese
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Walden
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Runtang Wang
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Abigail B Waters
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Dylan C Wood
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; The Child Study Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bennett Leventhal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen LaConte
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Departments of Emergency Medicine and Emergency Radiology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Cameron Craddock
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Meng L, Xiang J. Frequency specific patterns of resting-state networks development from childhood to adolescence: A magnetoencephalography study. Brain Dev 2016; 38:893-902. [PMID: 27287665 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated frequency dependent developmental patterns of the brain resting-state networks from childhood to adolescence. METHOD Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were recorded from 20 healthy subjects at resting-state with eyes-open. The resting-state networks (RSNs) was analyzed at source-level. Brain network organization was characterized by mean clustering coefficient and average path length. The correlations between brain network measures and subjects' age during development from childhood to adolescence were statistically analyzed in delta (1-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha (8-12Hz), and beta (12-30Hz) frequency bands. RESULTS A significant positive correlation between functional connectivity with age was found in alpha and beta frequency bands. A significant negative correlation between average path lengths with age was found in beta frequency band. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there are significant developmental changes of resting-state networks from childhood to adolescence, which matures from a lattice network to a small-world network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
| | - Jing Xiang
- MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Wee N, Wen MC, Kandiah N, Chander RJ, Ng A, Au WL, Tan LCS. Neural correlates of anxiety symptoms in mild Parkinson's disease: A prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study. J Neurol Sci 2016; 371:131-136. [PMID: 27871434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and may affect patients' quality of life. Yet, little is known about the neural basis of anxiety in PD, and none have used a longitudinal design. METHODS 73 patients with mild PD were recruited and followed up for 18months. A whole-brain analysis was first used to identify brain regions associated with anxiety symptoms, followed by a regional analysis focusing on a priori hypothesised regions at baseline. A multivariate generalized estimating equations analysis was then conducted to determine the longitudinal association between grey matter (GM) volumetric changes of these significant regions and changes of anxiety symptoms. RESULTS At baseline, anxiety symptom severity was associated with decreased GM volumes in the bilateral precuneus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Over 18months, increased severity of anxiety symptoms was associated with decreased GM volume in the left precuneus and ACC, independent of age, gender, education, depressive symptom severity or use of psychiatric medication. CONCLUSIONS These results mainly implicate the precuneus and ACC in the pathogenesis of anxiety in PD. We speculate that these structural changes could reflect the disrupted default mode network due to PD pathology, contributing to spontaneous anxiety-related self-focused thoughts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wee
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ming-Ching Wen
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Russell J Chander
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Aloysius Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Wing Lok Au
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore. louis.tan.c.s.@singhealth.com.sg
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Argyropoulos GPD. The cerebellum, internal models and prediction in 'non-motor' aspects of language: A critical review. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 161:4-17. [PMID: 26320734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of studies on cerebellar contributions in 'non-motor' aspects of predictive language processing has long been awaited by researchers investigating the neural foundations of language and cognition. Despite (i) progress in research implicating the cerebellum in language processing, (ii) the widely-accepted nature of the uniform, multi-modal computation that the cerebellum implements in the form of internal models, as well as (iii) the long tradition of psycholinguistic studies addressing prediction mechanisms, research directly addressing cerebellar contributions to 'non-motor' predictive language processing has only surfaced in the last five years. This paper provides the first review of this novel field, along with a critical assessment of the studies conducted so far. While encouraging, the evidence for cerebellar involvement in 'non-motor' aspects of predictive language processing remains inconclusive under further scrutiny. Future directions are finally discussed with respect to outstanding questions in this novel field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios P D Argyropoulos
- Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Bolt T, Laurienti PJ, Lyday R, Morgan A, Dagenbach D. Graph-Theoretical Study of Functional Changes Associated with the Iowa Gambling Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:314. [PMID: 27445754 PMCID: PMC4921456 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine changes in functional brain network organization from rest to the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) using a graph-theoretical approach. Although many functional neuroimaging studies have examined task-based activations in complex-decision making tasks, changes in functional network organization during this task remain unexplored. This study used a repeated-measures approach to examine changes in functional network organization across multiple sessions of resting-state and IGT scans. The results revealed that global network organization shifted from a local, clustered organization at rest to a more global, integrated organization during the IGT. In addition, network organization was stable across sessions of rest and the IGT. Regional analyses of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN) revealed differential patterns of change in regional network organization from rest to the IGT. The results of this study reveal that global and regional network organization is significantly modulated across states and fairly stable over time, and that network changes in the FPN are particularly important in the decision-making processes necessary for successful IGT performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bolt
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert Lyday
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Morgan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dale Dagenbach
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:500-8. [PMID: 26122585 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical Pavlovian fear conditioning remains the most widely employed experimental model of fear and anxiety, and continues to inform contemporary pathophysiological accounts of clinical anxiety disorders. Despite its widespread application in human and animal studies, the neurobiological basis of fear conditioning remains only partially understood. Here we provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of human fear-conditioning studies carried out with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), yielding a pooled sample of 677 participants from 27 independent studies. As a distinguishing feature of this meta-analysis, original statistical brain maps were obtained from the authors of 13 of these studies. Our primary analyses demonstrate that human fear conditioning is associated with a consistent and robust pattern of neural activation across a hypothesized genuine network of brain regions resembling existing anatomical descriptions of the 'central autonomic-interoceptive network'. This finding is discussed with a particular emphasis on the neural substrates of conscious fear processing. Our associated meta-analysis of functional deactivations-a scarcely addressed dynamic in fMRI fear-conditioning studies-also suggests the existence of a coordinated brain response potentially underlying the 'safety signal' (that is, non-threat) processing. We attempt to provide an integrated summary on these findings with the view that they may inform ongoing studies of fear-conditioning processes both in healthy and clinical populations, as investigated with neuroimaging and other experimental approaches.
Collapse
|
121
|
Pujol J, Martínez-Vilavella G, Macià D, Fenoll R, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Rivas I, Forns J, Blanco-Hinojo L, Capellades J, Querol X, Deus J, Sunyer J. Traffic pollution exposure is associated with altered brain connectivity in school children. Neuroimage 2016; 129:175-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
122
|
Perrone-Bertolotti M, Cerles M, Ramdeen KT, Boudiaf N, Pichat C, Hot P, Baciu M. The Self-Pleasantness Judgment Modulates the Encoding Performance and the Default Mode Network Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:121. [PMID: 27047364 PMCID: PMC4796013 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we evaluated the effect of self-relevance on cerebral activity and behavioral performance during an incidental encoding task. Recent findings suggest that pleasantness judgments reliably induce self-oriented (internal) thoughts and increase default mode network (DMN) activity. We hypothesized that this increase in DMN activity would relate to increased memory recognition for pleasantly-judged stimuli (which depend on internally-oriented attention) but decreased recognition for unpleasantly-judged items (which depend on externally-oriented attention). To test this hypothesis, brain activity was recorded from 21 healthy participants while they performed a pleasantness judgment requiring them to rate visual stimuli as pleasant or unpleasant. One hour later, participants performed a surprise memory recognition test outside of the scanner. Thus, we were able to evaluate the effects of pleasant and unpleasant judgments on cerebral activity and incidental encoding. The behavioral results showed that memory recognition was better for items rated as pleasant than items rated as unpleasant. The whole brain analysis indicated that successful encoding (SE) activates the inferior frontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas unsuccessful encoding (UE) recruits two key medial posterior DMN regions, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and precuneus (PCU). A region of interest (ROI) analysis including classic DMN areas, revealed significantly greater involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in pleasant compared to unpleasant judgments, suggesting this region’s involvement in self-referential (i.e., internal) processing. This area may be responsible for the greater recognition performance seen for pleasant stimuli. Furthermore, a significant interaction between the encoding performance (successful vs. unsuccessful) and pleasantness was observed for the PCC, PCU and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Overall, our results suggest the involvement of medial frontal and parietal DMN regions during the evaluation of self-referential pleasantness. We discuss these results in terms of the introspective referential of pleasantness judgments and the differential brain modulation based on internally- vs. externally-oriented attention during encoding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| | - Melanie Cerles
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Kylee T Ramdeen
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France; School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Naila Boudiaf
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| | - Cedric Pichat
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hot
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Cingulo-opercular network activity maintains alertness. Neuroimage 2016; 128:264-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
124
|
Bueso-Izquierdo N, Verdejo-Román J, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Carmona-Perera M, Pérez-García M, Hidalgo-Ruzzante N. Are batterers different from other criminals? An fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:852-62. [PMID: 26884544 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and global phenomenon that requires a multi-perspective analysis. Nevertheless, the number of neuroscientific studies conducted on this issue is scarce as compared with studies of other types of violence, and no neuroimaging studies comparing batterers to other criminals have been conducted. Thus, the main aim of this study was to compare the brain functioning of batterers to that of other criminals when they are exposed to IPV or general violence pictures. An fMRI study was conducted in 21 batterers and 20 other criminals while they observed IPV images (IPVI), general violence images (GVI) and neutral images (NI). Results demonstrated that batterers, compared with other criminals, exhibited a higher activation in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex and in the middle prefrontal cortex and a decreased activation in the superior prefrontal cortex to IPVI compared to NI. The paired t-test comparison between IPVI and GVI for each group showed engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate and the left angular cortices to IPVI in the batterer group only. These results could have important implications for a better understanding of the IPV phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bueso-Izquierdo
- School of Psychology,Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada (UGR), Spain, The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Spain,
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- School of Psychology,Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada (UGR), Spain, The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Institute of Neuroscience Federico Olóriz, University of Granada, Spain, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Carmona-Perera
- School of Psychology,Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada (UGR), Spain, The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- School of Psychology,Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada (UGR), Spain, The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), UGR. Spain, and
| | - Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Spain, School of Education, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada (UGR), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Davey CG, Pujol J, Harrison BJ. Mapping the self in the brain's default mode network. Neuroimage 2016; 132:390-397. [PMID: 26892855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain's default mode network (DMN) has become closely associated with self-referential mental activity, particularly in the resting-state. While the DMN is important for such processes, it has functions other than self-reference, and self-referential processes are supported by regions outside of the DMN. In our study of 88 participants, we examined self-referential and resting-state processes to clarify the extent to which DMN activity was common and distinct between the conditions. Within areas commonly activated by self-reference and rest we sought to identify those that showed additional functional specialization for self-referential processes: these being not only activated by self-reference and rest but also showing increased activity in self-reference versus rest. We examined the neural network properties of the identified 'core-self' DMN regions-in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and inferior parietal lobule-using dynamic causal modeling. The optimal model identified was one in which self-related processes were driven via PCC activity and moderated by the regulatory influences of MPFC. We thus confirm the significance of these regions for self-related processes and extend our understanding of their functionally specialized roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Davey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Baez S, Kanske P, Matallana D, Montañes P, Reyes P, Slachevsky A, Matus C, Vigliecca NS, Torralva T, Manes F, Ibanez A. Integration of Intention and Outcome for Moral Judgment in Frontotemporal Dementia: Brain Structural Signatures. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:206-17. [DOI: 10.1159/000441918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
127
|
Whittle S, Liu K, Bastin C, Harrison BJ, Davey CG. Neurodevelopmental correlates of proneness to guilt and shame in adolescence and early adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:51-7. [PMID: 26895352 PMCID: PMC6990094 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating how brain development during adolescence and early adulthood underlies guilt- and shame-proneness may be important for understanding risk processes for mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the neurodevelopmental correlates of interpersonal guilt- and shame-proneness in healthy adolescents and young adults using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). Sixty participants (age range: 15–25) completed sMRI and self-report measures of interpersonal guilt- and shame-proneness. Independent of interpersonal guilt, higher levels of shame-proneness were associated with thinner posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) thickness and smaller amygdala volume. Higher levels of shame-proneness were also associated with attenuated age-related reductions in thickness of lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC). Our findings highlight the complexities in understanding brain–behavior relationships during the adolescent/young adult period. Results were consistent with growing evidence that accelerated cortical thinning during adolescence may be associated with superior socioemotional functioning. Further research is required to understand the implications of these findings for mental disorders characterized by higher levels of guilt and shame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Vic., 3053, Australia.
| | - Kirra Liu
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Vic., 3053, Australia
| | - Coralie Bastin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Vic., 3053, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Vic., 3053, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Vic., 3053, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Vic., 3053, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
van Duinkerken E, Ijzerman RG, Klein M, Moll AC, Snoek FJ, Scheltens P, Pouwels PJW, Barkhof F, Diamant M, Tijms BM. Disrupted subject-specific gray matter network properties and cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes patients with and without proliferative retinopathy. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:1194-208. [PMID: 26700243 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, especially with concomitant microvascular disease, such as proliferative retinopathy, have an increased risk of cognitive deficits. Local cortical gray matter volume reductions only partially explain these cognitive dysfunctions, possibly because volume reductions do not take into account the complex connectivity structure of the brain. This study aimed to identify gray matter network alterations in relation to cognition in T1DM. METHODS We investigated if subject-specific structural gray matter network properties, constructed from T1-weighted MRI scans, were different between T1DM patients with (n = 51) and without (n = 53) proliferative retinopathy versus controls (n = 49), and were associated to cognitive decrements and fractional anisotropy, as measured by voxel-based TBSS. Global normalized and local (45 bilateral anatomical regions) clustering coefficient and path length were assessed. These network properties measure how the organization of connections in a network differs from that of randomly connected networks. RESULTS Global gray matter network topology was more randomly organized in both T1DM patient groups versus controls, with the largest effects seen in patients with proliferative retinopathy. Lower local path length values were widely distributed throughout the brain. Lower local clustering was observed in the middle frontal, postcentral, and occipital areas. Complex network topology explained up to 20% of the variance of cognitive decrements, beyond other predictors. Exploratory analyses showed that lower fractional anisotropy was associated with a more random gray matter network organization. CONCLUSION T1DM and proliferative retinopathy affect cortical network organization that may consequently contribute to clinically relevant changes in cognitive functioning in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eelco van Duinkerken
- Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio De Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Richard G Ijzerman
- Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center/Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center/Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Bazán PR, Biazoli CE, Sato JR, Amaro E. Motor Readiness Increases Brain Connectivity Between Default-Mode Network and Motor Cortex: Impact on Sampling Resting Periods from fMRI Event-Related Studies. Brain Connect 2015; 5:631-40. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Rodrigo Bazán
- NIF–LIM-44, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ciências Moleculares, Pró-Reitoria de Graduação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli
- NIF–LIM-44, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- NIF–LIM-44, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Mueller S, Wang D, Fox MD, Pan R, Lu J, Li K, Sun W, Buckner RL, Liu H. Reliability correction for functional connectivity: Theory and implementation. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4664-80. [PMID: 26493163 PMCID: PMC4803495 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Network properties can be estimated using functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI). However, regional variation of the fMRI signal causes systematic biases in network estimates including correlation attenuation in regions of low measurement reliability. Here we computed the spatial distribution of fcMRI reliability using longitudinal fcMRI datasets and demonstrated how pre-estimated reliability maps can correct for correlation attenuation. As a test case of reliability-based attenuation correction we estimated properties of the default network, where reliability was significantly lower than average in the medial temporal lobe and higher in the posterior medial cortex, heterogeneity that impacts estimation of the network. Accounting for this bias using attenuation correction revealed that the medial temporal lobe's contribution to the default network is typically underestimated. To render this approach useful to a greater number of datasets, we demonstrate that test-retest reliability maps derived from repeated runs within a single scanning session can be used as a surrogate for multi-session reliability mapping. Using data segments with different scan lengths between 1 and 30 min, we found that test-retest reliability of connectivity estimates increases with scan length while the spatial distribution of reliability is relatively stable even at short scan lengths. Finally, analyses of tertiary data revealed that reliability distribution is influenced by age, neuropsychiatric status and scanner type, suggesting that reliability correction may be especially important when studying between-group differences. Collectively, these results illustrate that reliability-based attenuation correction is an easily implemented strategy that mitigates certain features of fMRI signal nonuniformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Mueller
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Danhong Wang
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
| | - Michael D. Fox
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
- Department of NeurologyBerenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Ruiqi Pan
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
|
132
|
Contreras-Rodríguez O, Pujol J, Batalla I, Harrison BJ, Soriano-Mas C, Deus J, López-Solà M, Macià D, Pera V, Hernández-Ribas R, Pifarré J, Menchón JM, Cardoner N. Functional Connectivity Bias in the Prefrontal Cortex of Psychopaths. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:647-55. [PMID: 24742618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathy is characterized by a distinctive interpersonal style that combines callous-unemotional traits with inflexible and antisocial behavior. Traditional emotion-based perspectives link emotional impairment mostly to alterations in amygdala-ventromedial frontal circuits. However, these models alone cannot explain why individuals with psychopathy can regularly benefit from emotional information when placed on their focus of attention and why they are more resistant to interference from nonaffective contextual cues. The present study aimed to identify abnormal or distinctive functional links between and within emotional and cognitive brain systems in the psychopathic brain to characterize further the neural bases of psychopathy. METHODS High-resolution anatomic magnetic resonance imaging with a functional sequence acquired in the resting state was used to assess 22 subjects with psychopathy and 22 control subjects. Anatomic and functional connectivity alterations were investigated first using a whole-brain analysis. Brain regions showing overlapping anatomic and functional changes were examined further using seed-based functional connectivity mapping. RESULTS Subjects with psychopathy showed gray matter reduction involving prefrontal cortex, paralimbic, and limbic structures. Anatomic changes overlapped with areas showing increased degree of functional connectivity at the medial-dorsal frontal cortex. Subsequent functional seed-based connectivity mapping revealed a pattern of reduced functional connectivity of prefrontal areas with limbic-paralimbic structures and enhanced connectivity within the dorsal frontal lobe in subjects with psychopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a weakened link between emotional and cognitive domains in the psychopathic brain may combine with enhanced functional connections within frontal executive areas. The identified functional alterations are discussed in the context of potential contributors to the inflexible behavior displayed by individuals with psychopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL (OC-R, CS-M, RH-R, JMM, NC), Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM at Barcelona; Department of Clinical Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz (OC-R), University of Granada; MRI Research Unit (OC-R, JPu, BJH, JD, ML-S, DM), CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar at Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz (OC-R), University of Granada; MRI Research Unit (OC-R, JPu, BJH, JD, ML-S, DM), CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar at Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (JPu), CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Iolanda Batalla
- GSS (IB, VP, JPi), Hospital Santa Maria and Biomedical Research Institute at Lleida
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz (OC-R), University of Granada; MRI Research Unit (OC-R, JPu, BJH, JD, ML-S, DM), CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar at Barcelona, Spain; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (BJH), Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL (OC-R, CS-M, RH-R, JMM, NC), Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM at Barcelona
| | - Joan Deus
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz (OC-R), University of Granada; MRI Research Unit (OC-R, JPu, BJH, JD, ML-S, DM), CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar at Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (JD), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina López-Solà
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz (OC-R), University of Granada; MRI Research Unit (OC-R, JPu, BJH, JD, ML-S, DM), CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar at Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience (ML-S), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Dídac Macià
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz (OC-R), University of Granada; MRI Research Unit (OC-R, JPu, BJH, JD, ML-S, DM), CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar at Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Pera
- GSS (IB, VP, JPi), Hospital Santa Maria and Biomedical Research Institute at Lleida; Child-Juvenile Mental Health Center of Sant Joan de Déu at Lleida (VP), Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Hernández-Ribas
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL (OC-R, CS-M, RH-R, JMM, NC), Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM at Barcelona
| | - Josep Pifarré
- GSS (IB, VP, JPi), Hospital Santa Maria and Biomedical Research Institute at Lleida
| | - José M Menchón
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL (OC-R, CS-M, RH-R, JMM, NC), Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM at Barcelona
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL (OC-R, CS-M, RH-R, JMM, NC), Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM at Barcelona
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Pediatric applications of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45 Suppl 3:S382-96. [PMID: 26346144 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric functional MRI has been used for the last 2 decades but is now gaining wide acceptance in the preoperative workup of children with brain tumors and medically refractory epilepsy. This review covers pediatrics-specific difficulties such as sedation and task paradigm selection according to the child's age and cognitive level. We also illustrate the increasing uses of functional MRI in the depiction of cognitive function, neuropsychiatric disorders and response to pharmacological agents. Finally, we review the uses of resting-state fMRI in the evaluation of children and in the detection of epileptogenic regions.
Collapse
|
134
|
Hamilton JP, Farmer M, Fogelman P, Gotlib IH. Depressive Rumination, the Default-Mode Network, and the Dark Matter of Clinical Neuroscience. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:224-30. [PMID: 25861700 PMCID: PMC4524294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intuitive association between self-focused rumination in major depressive disorder (MDD) and the self-referential operations performed by the brain's default-mode network (DMN) has prompted interest in examining the role of the DMN in MDD. In this article, we present meta-analytic findings showing reliably increased functional connectivity between the DMN and subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC)-connectivity that often predicts levels of depressive rumination. We also present meta-analytic findings that, while there is reliably increased regional cerebral blood flow in sgPFC in MDD, no such abnormality has been reliably observed in nodes of the DMN. We then detail a model that integrates the body of research presented. In this model, we propose that increased functional connectivity between sgPFC and the DMN in MDD represents an integration of the self-referential processes supported by the DMN with the affectively laden, behavioral withdrawal processes associated with sgPFC-an integration that produces a functional neural ensemble well suited for depressive rumination and that, in MDD, abnormally taxes only sgPFC and not the DMN. This synthesis explains a broad array of existing data concerning the neural substrates of depressive rumination and provides an explicit account of functional abnormalities in sgPFC in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Hamilton
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research and College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
| | - Madison Farmer
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research and College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Phoebe Fogelman
- University of Tennessee, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Tylén K, Christensen P, Roepstorff A, Lund T, Østergaard S, Donald M. Brains striving for coherence: Long-term cumulative plot formation in the default mode network. Neuroimage 2015. [PMID: 26216276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many everyday activities, such as engaging in conversation or listening to a story, require us to sustain attention over a prolonged period of time while integrating and synthesizing complex episodic content into a coherent mental model. Humans are remarkably capable of navigating and keeping track of all the parallel social activities of everyday life even when confronted with interruptions or changes in the environment. However, the underlying cognitive and neurocognitive mechanisms of such long-term integration and profiling of information remain a challenge to neuroscience. While brain activity is generally traceable within the short time frame of working memory (milliseconds to seconds), these integrative processes last for minutes, hours or even days. Here we report two experiments on story comprehension. Experiment I establishes a cognitive dissociation between our comprehension of plot and incidental facts in narratives: when episodic material allows for long-term integration in a coherent plot, we recall fewer factual details. However, when plot formation is challenged, we pay more attention to incidental facts. Experiment II investigates the neural underpinnings of plot formation. Results suggest a central role for the brain's default mode network related to comprehension of coherent narratives while incoherent episodes rather activate the frontoparietal control network. Moreover, an analysis of cortical activity as a function of the cumulative integration of narrative material into a coherent story reveals to linear modulations of right hemisphere posterior temporal and parietal regions. Together these findings point to key neural mechanisms involved in the fundamental human capacity for cumulative plot formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tylén
- Center for Semiotics, Department for Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; The Interacting Minds Center, Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - P Christensen
- The Interacting Minds Center, Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Helgonabacken 12, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Roepstorff
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; The Interacting Minds Center, Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Lund
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Østergaard
- Center for Semiotics, Department for Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Donald
- Department of Psychology, Hunphrey Hall, 62 Arch St., Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Vemuri K, Surampudi BR. An Exploratory Investigation of Functional Network Connectivity of Empathy and Default Mode Networks in a Free-Viewing Task. Brain Connect 2015; 5:384-400. [PMID: 25891898 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis on time courses of putative empathy networks-cognitive, emotional, and motor-and the default mode network (DMN) identified from independent components (ICs) derived by the group independent component analysis (ICA) method. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 15 subjects watching movies of three genres, an animation (S1), Indian Hindi (S2), and a Hollywood English (S3) movie. The hypothesis of the study is that empathic engagement in a movie narrative would modulate the activation with the DMN. The clippings were individually rated for emotional expressions, context, and empathy self-response by the fMRI subjects post scanning and by 40 participants in an independent survey who rated at four time intervals in each clipping. The analysis illustrates the following: (a) the ICA method separated ICs with areas reported for empathy response and anterior/posterior DMNs. An IC indicating insula region activation reported to be crucial for the emotional empathy network was separated for S2 and S3 movies only, but not for S1, (b) the dFNC between DMN and ICs corresponding to cognitive empathy network showed higher positive periodical fluctuating correlations for all three movies, while ICs with areas crucial to motor or emotional empathy display lower positive or negative correlation values with no distinct periodicity. A possible explanation for the lower values and anticorrelation between the DMN and emotional empathy networks could possibly be inhibition due to internal self-reflections, attributed to DMN, while processing and preparing a response to external emotional content. The positive higher correlation values for cognitive empathy networks may reflect a functional overlap with DMN for enhanced internal self-reflections, inferring beliefs and intentions about the 'other', all triggered by the external stimuli. The findings are useful in the study of deviations in functional synergies of large complex networks associated with empathy responses and DMN in clinical applications like autism and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vemuri
- 1 International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad, India
| | - Bapi Raju Surampudi
- 1 International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad, India .,2 University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Immordino-Yang MH, Christodoulou JA, Singh V. Rest Is Not Idleness: Implications of the Brain's Default Mode for Human Development and Education. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 7:352-64. [PMID: 26168472 DOI: 10.1177/1745691612447308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When people wakefully rest in the functional MRI scanner, their minds wander, and they engage a so-called default mode (DM) of neural processing that is relatively suppressed when attention is focused on the outside world. Accruing evidence suggests that DM brain systems activated during rest are also important for active, internally focused psychosocial mental processing, for example, when recalling personal memories, imagining the future, and feeling social emotions with moral connotations. Here the authors review evidence for the DM and relations to psychological functioning, including associations with mental health and cognitive abilities like reading comprehension and divergent thinking. This article calls for research into the dimensions of internally focused thought, ranging from free-form daydreaming and off-line consolidation to intensive, effortful abstract thinking, especially with socioemotional relevance. It is argued that the development of some socioemotional skills may be vulnerable to disruption by environmental distraction, for example, from certain educational practices or overuse of social media. The authors hypothesize that high environmental attention demands may bias youngsters to focus on the concrete, physical, and immediate aspects of social situations and self, which may be more compatible with external attention. They coin the term constructive internal reflection and advocate educational practices that promote effective balance between external attention and internal reflection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Immordino-Yang
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Joanna A Christodoulou
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Vanessa Singh
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Knyazev GG, Savostyanov AN, Bocharov AV, Dorosheva EA, Tamozhnikov SS, Saprigyn AE. Oscillatory correlates of moral decision-making: Effect of personality. Soc Neurosci 2015; 11:233-48. [PMID: 26167937 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2015.1072110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of emotion in moral decision-making is still a matter of debate. Greene, Sommerville, Nystrom, Darley, and Cohen (2001) argue that 'personal' moral judgments are driven by emotional responses, while 'impersonal' judgments are largely driven by cognitive processes. In this study, oscillatory correlates of decision-making were compared in moral personal, moral impersonal, and nonmoral conditions, as well as in trials associated with utilitarian (i.e., favoring the 'greater good' over individual rights) and non-utilitarian choices. Event-related synchronization in delta and theta bands was greater in the right temporal lobe in personal than in both nonmoral and impersonal moral condition. Graph-theoretical analysis of connectivity patterns showed the prominent role of the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices in personal moral decision-making, implying greater emotional and self-processing. Higher conscientiousness and intellect and lower behavioral activation were associated with greater difference in oscillatory responses between utilitarian and non-utilitarian choices in personal than in impersonal condition, indicating that sensitivity to moral issues and the ability to grasp the nuances of moral situation are essential for understanding the implications of utilitarian choices in personal and impersonal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Knyazev
- a Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Alexander N Savostyanov
- a Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Humanitarian Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia.,c Department of Psychology , Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Andrey V Bocharov
- a Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Humanitarian Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Elena A Dorosheva
- a Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Humanitarian Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Sergey S Tamozhnikov
- a Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Alexander E Saprigyn
- a Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Simon R, Engström M. The default mode network as a biomarker for monitoring the therapeutic effects of meditation. Front Psychol 2015; 6:776. [PMID: 26106351 PMCID: PMC4460295 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a group of anatomically separate regions in the brain found to have synchronized patterns of activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Mentation associated with the DMN includes processes such as mind wandering, autobiographical memory, self-reflective thought, envisioning the future, and considering the perspective of others. Abnormalities in the DMN have been linked to symptom severity in a variety of mental disorders indicating that the DMN could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis. These correlations have also led to the use of DMN modulation as a biomarker for assessing pharmacological treatments. Concurrent research investigating the neural correlates of meditation, have associated DMN modulation with practice. Furthermore, meditative practice is increasingly understood to have a beneficial role in the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore we propose the use of DMN measures as a biomarker for monitoring the therapeutic effects of meditation practices in mental disorders. Recent findings support this perspective, and indicate the utility of DMN monitoring in understanding and developing meditative treatments for these debilitating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozalyn Simon
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Peng Z, Shi F, Shi C, Yang Q, Chan RCK, Shen D. Disrupted cortical network as a vulnerability marker for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 219:1801-12. [PMID: 23797209 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Morphological alterations of brain structure are generally assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, little is known about the morphological connectivity properties of structural brain networks in OCD or about the heritability of those morphological connectivity properties. To better understand these properties, we conducted a study that defined three different groups: OCD group with 30 subjects, siblings group with 19 subjects, and matched controls group with 30 subjects. A structural brain network was constructed using 68 cortical regions of each subject within their respective group (i.e., one brain network for each group). Both small-worldness and modularity were measured to reflect the morphological connectivity properties of each constructed structural brain network. When compared to the matched controls, the structural brain networks of patients with OCD indeed exhibited atypical small-worldness and modularity. Specifically, small-worldness showed decreased local efficiency, and modularity showed reduced intra-connectivity in Module III (default mode network) and increased interconnectivity between Module I (executive function) and Module II (cognitive control/spatial). Intriguingly, the structured brain networks of the unaffected siblings showed similar small-worldness and modularity as OCD patients. Based on the atypical structural brain networks observed in OCD patients and their unaffected siblings, abnormal small-worldness and modularity may indicate a candidate endophenotype for OCD.
Collapse
|
141
|
Hearne L, Cocchi L, Zalesky A, Mattingley JB. Interactions between default mode and control networks as a function of increasing cognitive reasoning complexity. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2719-31. [PMID: 25833189 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful performance of challenging cognitive tasks depends on a consistent functional segregation of activity within the default-mode network, on the one hand, and control networks encompassing frontoparietal and cingulo-opercular areas on the other. Recent work, however, has suggested that in some cognitive control contexts nodes within the default-mode and control networks may actually cooperate to achieve optimal task performance. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether the ability to relate variables while solving a cognitive reasoning problem involves transient increases in connectivity between default-mode and control regions. Participants performed a modified version of the classic Wason selection task, in which the number of variables to be related is systematically varied across trials. As expected, areas within the default-mode network showed a parametric deactivation with increases in relational complexity, compared with neural activity in null trials. Critically, some of these areas also showed enhanced connectivity with task-positive control regions. Specifically, task-based connectivity between the striatum and the angular gyri, and between the thalamus and right temporal pole, increased as a function of relational complexity. These findings challenge the notion that functional segregation between regions within default-mode and control networks invariably support cognitive task performance, and reveal previously unknown roles for the striatum and thalamus in managing network dynamics during cognitive reasoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hearne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre and Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Çetin MS, Khullar S, Damaraju E, Michael AM, Baum SA, Calhoun VD. Enhanced disease characterization through multi network functional normalization in fMRI. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:95. [PMID: 25873853 PMCID: PMC4379901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, structural topology is used for spatial normalization during the pre-processing of fMRI. The co-existence of multiple intrinsic networks which can be detected in the resting brain are well-studied. Also, these networks exhibit temporal and spatial modulation during cognitive task vs. rest which shows the existence of common spatial excitation patterns between these identified networks. Previous work (Khullar et al., 2011) has shown that structural and functional data may not have direct one-to-one correspondence and functional activation patterns in a well-defined structural region can vary across subjects even for a well-defined functional task. The results of this study and the existence of the neural activity patterns in multiple networks motivates us to investigate multiple resting-state networks as a single fusion template for functional normalization for multi groups of subjects. We extend the previous approach (Khullar et al., 2011) by co-registering multi group of subjects (healthy control and schizophrenia patients) and by utilizing multiple resting-state networks (instead of just one) as a single fusion template for functional normalization. In this paper we describe the initial steps toward using multiple resting-state networks as a single fusion template for functional normalization. A simple wavelet-based image fusion approach is presented in order to evaluate the feasibility of combining multiple functional networks. Our results showed improvements in both the significance of group statistics (healthy control and schizophrenia patients) and the spatial extent of activation when a multiple resting-state network applied as a single fusion template for functional normalization after the conventional structural normalization. Also, our results provided evidence that the improvement in significance of group statistics lead to better accuracy results for classification of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Çetin
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA ; The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Siddharth Khullar
- The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Stefi A Baum
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Psychiatry Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Cohn MD, Pape LE, Schmaal L, van den Brink W, van Wingen G, Vermeiren RRJM, Doreleijers TAH, Veltman DJ, Popma A. Differential relations between juvenile psychopathic traits and resting state network connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2396-405. [PMID: 25757797 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, neurobiological research on psychopathy has focused on categorical differences in adults. However, there is evidence that psychopathy is best described by a set of relatively independent personality dimensions, that is, callous-unemotional, grandiose-manipulative, and impulsive-irresponsible traits, which can be reliably detected in juveniles, allowing investigation of the neural mechanisms leading to psychopathy. Furthermore, complex psychiatric disorders like psychopathy are increasingly being conceptualized as disorders of brain networks. The intrinsic organization of the brain in such networks is reflected by coherent fluctuations in resting state networks (RSNs), but these have not been studied in sufficient detail in relation to juvenile psychopathic traits yet. The current study investigated the distinct associations of juvenile psychopathic traits dimensions with RSN connectivity. Resting-state functional MRI and independent component analysis were used to assess RSN connectivity in a large sample of adolescents (n = 130, mean age 17.8 years) from a childhood arrestee cohort. Associations between scores on each of the three psychopathic traits dimensions and connectivity within and between relevant RSNs were investigated. Callous-unemotional traits were related to aberrant connectivity patterns of the default mode network, which has been implicated in self-referential and moral processes. Impulsive-irresponsible traits were associated with altered connectivity patterns in the frontoparietal cognitive control networks. Grandiose-manipulative traits were not associated with altered connectivity patterns. These findings confirm the association between psychopathic traits and brain network connectivity, and considerably add to emerging evidence supporting neurobiological heterogeneity in the processes leading to psychopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran D Cohn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University medical center Amsterdam, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Nomi JS, Uddin LQ. Developmental changes in large-scale network connectivity in autism. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:732-41. [PMID: 25844325 PMCID: PMC4375789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Disrupted cortical connectivity is thought to underlie the complex cognitive and behavior profile observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous neuroimaging research has identified patterns of both functional hypo- and hyper-connectivity in individuals with ASD. A recent theory attempting to reconcile conflicting results in the literature proposes that hyper-connectivity of brain networks may be more characteristic of young children with ASD, while hypo-connectivity may be more prevalent in adolescents and adults with the disorder when compared to typical development (TD) (Uddin etal., 2013). Previous work has examined only young children, mixed groups of children and adolescents, or adult cohorts in separate studies, leaving open the question of developmental influences on functional brain connectivity in ASD. Methods The current study tests this developmental hypothesis by examining within- and between-network resting state functional connectivity in a large sample of 26 children, 28 adolescents, and 18 adults with ASD and age- and IQ-matchedTD individuals for the first time using an entirely data-driven approach. Independent component analyses (ICA) and dual regression was applied to data from three age cohorts to examine the effects of participant age on patterns of within-networkwhole-brain functional connectivity in individuals with ASD compared with TD individuals. Between-network connectivity differences were examined for each age cohort by comparing correlations between ICA components across groups. Results We find that in the youngest cohort (age 11 and under), children with ASD exhibit hyper-connectivity within large-scale brain networks as well as decreased between-network connectivity compared with age-matchedTD children. In contrast, adolescents with ASD (age 11–18) do not differ from TD adolescents in within-network connectivity, yet show decreased between-network connectivity compared with TD adolescents. Adults with ASD show no within- or between-network differences in functional network connectivity compared with neurotypical age-matched individuals. Conclusions Characterizing within- and between-network functional connectivity in age-stratified cohorts of individuals with ASD and TD individuals demonstrates that functional connectivity atypicalities in the disorder are not uniform across the lifespan. These results demonstrate how explicitly characterizing participant age and adopting a developmental perspective can lead to a more nuanced understanding of atypicalities of functional brain connectivity in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA ; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Patil I. Trait psychopathy and utilitarian moral judgement: The mediating role of action aversion. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2015.1004334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
146
|
Frequency-dependent amplitude alterations of resting-state spontaneous fluctuations in late-onset depression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:505479. [PMID: 25705666 PMCID: PMC4331395 DOI: 10.1155/2015/505479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is limited amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in late-onset depression (LOD) but reported different results. This may be due to the impact of different frequency bands. In this study, we examined the ALFF in five different frequency bands (slow-6: 0-0.01 Hz; slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz; slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz; slow-3: 0.073-0.167 Hz, and slow-2: 0.167-0.25 Hz) within the whole brain during resting-state fMRI in 16 LOD patients and 16 normal control (NC) subjects. The ALFF of primary effect of disease was widely distributed over left cerebellum anterior lobe, left cerebellum posterior lobe, left middle orbitofrontal gyrus, left superior occipital, and right superior parietal, while the interaction effect of disease and frequency was distributed over right superior frontal gyrus. Further relationship analysis findings suggest these abnormal ALFF may relate to cognitive dysfunction of LOD. Therefore, our data show that LOD patients have widespread abnormalities in intrinsic brain activity, which is dependent on the frequency band, and suggest that future studies should take the frequency bands into account when measuring intrinsic brain activity.
Collapse
|
147
|
Oscillatory correlates of autobiographical memory. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 95:322-32. [PMID: 25523347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recollection of events from one's own life is referred to as autobiographical memory. Autobiographical memory is an important part of our self. Neuroimaging findings link self-referential processes with the default mode network (DMN). Much evidence coming primarily from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies shows that autobiographical memory and DMN have a common neural base. In this study, electroencephalographic data collected in 47 participants during recollection of autobiographical episodes were analyzed using temporal and spatial independent component analyses in combination with source localization. Autobiographical remembering was associated with an increase of spectral power in alpha and beta and a decrease in delta band. The increase of alpha power, as estimated by sLORETA, was most prominent in the posterior DMN, but was also observed in visual and motor cortices, prompting an assumption that it is associated with activation of DMN and inhibition of irrelevant sensory and motor areas. In line with data linking delta oscillations with aversive states, decrease of delta power was more pronounced in episodes associated with positive emotions, whereas episodes associated with negative emotions were accompanied by an increase of delta power. Vividness of recollection correlated positively with theta oscillations. These results highlight the leading role of alpha oscillations and the DMN in the processes accompanying autobiographical remembering.
Collapse
|
148
|
Keller JB, Hedden T, Thompson TW, Anteraper SA, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Resting-state anticorrelations between medial and lateral prefrontal cortex: association with working memory, aging, and individual differences. Cortex 2014; 64:271-80. [PMID: 25562175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined how variation in working memory (WM) capacity due to aging or individual differences among young adults is associated with intrinsic or resting-state anticorrelations, particularly between (1) the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), a component of the default-mode network (DMN) that typically decreases in activation during external, attention-demanding tasks, and (2) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a component of the fronto-parietal control network that supports executive functions and WM and typically increases in activation during attention-demanding tasks. We compared the magnitudes of MPFC-DLPFC anticorrelations between healthy younger and older participants (Experiment 1) and related the magnitudes of these anticorrelations to individual differences on two behavioral measures of WM capacity in two independent groups of young adults (Experiments 1 and 2). Relative to younger adults, older adults exhibited reductions in WM capacity and in MPFC-DLPFC anticorrelations. Within younger adults, greater MPFC-DLPFC anticorrelation at rest correlated with greater WM capacity. These findings show that variation in MPFC-DLPFC anticorrelations, whether related to aging or to individual differences, may reflect an intrinsic functional brain architecture supportive of WM capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Keller
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Trey Hedden
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd W Thompson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sheeba A Anteraper
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Scott G, Hellyer PJ, Hampshire A, Leech R. Exploring spatiotemporal network transitions in task functional MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:1348-64. [PMID: 25504834 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical question for cognitive neuroscience regards how transitions between cognitive states emerge from the dynamic activity of functional brain networks. Here we combine a simple data reorganization with spatial independent component analysis (ICA), enabling a spatiotemporal ICA (stICA) which captures the consistent evolution of networks during the onset and offset of a task. The technique was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (FMRI) datasets involving alternating between rest and task, and to simple synthetic data. Starting and finishing time-points of periods of interest (anchors) were defined at task block onsets and offsets. For each subject, the 10 volumes following each anchor were extracted and concatenated spatially, producing a single 3D sample. Samples for all anchors and subjects were concatenated along the fourth dimension. This 4D dataset was decomposed using ICA into spatiotemporal components. One component exhibited the transition with task onset from a default mode network (DMN) becoming less active to a frontoparietal control network becoming more active. We observed other changes with relevance to understanding network dynamics, for example, the DMN showed a changing spatial distribution, shifting to an anterior/superior pattern of deactivation during task from a posterior/inferior pattern during rest. By anchoring analyses to periods associated with the onsets and offsets of task, our approach reveals novel aspects of the dynamics of network activity accompanying these transitions. Importantly, these findings were observed without specifying a priori either the spatial networks or the task time courses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Scott
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Imaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Ermutlu N, Yücesir I, Eskikurt G, Temel T, İşoğlu-Alkaç Ü. Brain electrical activities of dancers and fast ball sports athletes are different. Cogn Neurodyn 2014; 9:257-63. [PMID: 25834650 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-014-9320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been shown not only to influence physical fitness positively but also cognition in healthy and impaired populations. However, some particular exercise types, even though comparable based on physical efforts, have distinct cognitive and sensorimotor features. In this study, the effects of different types of exercise, such as fast ball sports and dance training, on brain electrical activity were investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) scans were recorded in professional dancer, professional fast ball sports athlete (FBSA) and healthy control volunteer groups consisting of twelve subjects each. In FBSA, power of delta and theta frequency activities of EEG was significantly higher than those of the dancers and the controls. Conversely, dancers had significantly higher amplitudes in alpha and beta bands compared to FBSA and significantly higher amplitudes in the alpha band in comparison with controls. The results suggest that cognitive features of physical training can be reflected in resting brain electrical oscillations. The differences in resting brain electrical oscillations between the dancers and the FBSA can be the result of innate network differences determining the talents and/or plastic changes induced by physical training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Numan Ermutlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Yücesir
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçer Eskikurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tan Temel
- Department of Music and Performing Arts, The Art and Design Faculty, YTU, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan İşoğlu-Alkaç
- Fizyoloji AD, İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Binası, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|