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Kasten D, Durner J, Gaupels F. Gas Alert: The NO 2 Pitfall during NO Fumigation of Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:85. [PMID: 28197162 PMCID: PMC5281616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
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102
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Freitas ACN, Silva GC, Pacheco DF, Pimenta AMC, Lemos VS, Duarte IDG, de Lima ME. The synthetic peptide PnPP-19 induces peripheral antinociception via activation of NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway: Role of eNOS and nNOS. Nitric Oxide 2017; 64:31-38. [PMID: 28087360 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: The peptide PnPP-19, derived from the spider toxin PnTx2-6 (renamed as δ-CNTX-Pn1c), potentiates erectile function by activating the nitrergic system. Since NO has been studied as an antinociceptive molecule and PnPP-19 is known to induce peripheral antinociception, we intended to evaluate whether PnPP-19 could induce peripheral antinociception through activation of this pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nociceptive thresholds were measured by paw pressure test. PGE2 (2 μg/paw) was administered intraplantarly together with PnPP-19 and inhibitors/blockers of NOS, guanylyl cyclase and KATP channels. The nitrite concentration was accessed by Griess test. The expression and phosphorylation of eNOS and nNOS were determined by western blot. KEY RESULTS PnPP-19 (5, 10 and 20 μg/paw) induced peripheral antinociception in rats. Administration of NOS inhibitor (L-NOarg), selective nNOS inhibitor (L-NPA), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) and the blocker of KATP (glibenclamide) partially inhibited the antinociceptive effect of PnPP-19 (10 μg/paw). Tissue nitrite concentration increased after PnPP-19 (10 μg/paw) administration. Expression of eNOS and nNOS remained the same in all tested groups, however the phosphorylation of nNOS Ser852 (inactivation site) increased and phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177 (activation site) decreased after PGE2 injection. Administration of PnPP-19 reverted this PGE2-induced effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by PnPP-19 is resulting from activation of NO-cGMP-KATP pathway. Activation of eNOS and nNOS might be required for such effect. Our results suggest PnPP-19 as a new drug candidate to treat pain and reinforce the importance of nNOS and eNOS activation, as well as endogenous NO release, for induction of peripheral antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C N Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - G C Silva
- Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - D F Pacheco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil; Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - A M C Pimenta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - V S Lemos
- Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - I D G Duarte
- Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - M E de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil.
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Flavanone-rich citrus beverages counteract the transient decline in postprandial endothelial function in humans: a randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study. Br J Nutr 2017; 116:1999-2010. [PMID: 28065188 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Specific flavonoid-rich foods/beverages are reported to exert positive effects on vascular function; however, data relating to effects in the postprandial state are limited. The present study investigated the postprandial, time-dependent (0-7 h) impact of citrus flavanone intake on vascular function. An acute, randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study was conducted by including middle-aged healthy men (30-65 years, n 28) to assess the impact of flavanone intake (orange juice: 128·9 mg; flavanone-rich orange juice: 272·1 mg; homogenised whole orange: 452·8 mg; isoenergetic control: 0 mg flavanones) on postprandial (double meal delivering a total of 81 g of fat) endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery at 0, 2, 5 and 7 h. Plasma levels of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites (sulphates and glucuronides) and nitric oxide species were also measured. All flavanone interventions were effective at attenuating transient impairments in FMD induced by the double meal (7 h post intake; P<0·05), but no dose-response effects were observed. The effects on FMD coincided with the peak of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites in circulation (7 h) and sustained levels of plasma nitrite. In summary, citrus flavanones are effective at counteracting the negative impact of a sequential double meal on human vascular function, potentially through the actions of flavanone metabolites on nitric oxide.
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104
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Rathod KS, Kapil V, Velmurugan S, Khambata RS, Siddique U, Khan S, Van Eijl S, Gee LC, Bansal J, Pitrola K, Shaw C, D’Acquisto F, Colas RA, Marelli-Berg F, Dalli J, Ahluwalia A. Accelerated resolution of inflammation underlies sex differences in inflammatory responses in humans. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:169-182. [PMID: 27893465 PMCID: PMC5199722 DOI: 10.1172/jci89429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease occurs at lower incidence in premenopausal females compared with age-matched males. This variation may be linked to sex differences in inflammation. We prospectively investigated whether inflammation and components of the inflammatory response are altered in females compared with males. METHODS We performed 2 clinical studies in healthy volunteers. In 12 men and 12 women, we assessed systemic inflammatory markers and vascular function using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In a further 8 volunteers of each sex, we assessed FMD response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) at baseline and at 8 hours and 32 hours after typhoid vaccine. In a separate study in 16 men and 16 women, we measured inflammatory exudate mediators and cellular recruitment in cantharidin-induced skin blisters at 24 and 72 hours. RESULTS Typhoid vaccine induced mild systemic inflammation at 8 hours, reflected by increased white cell count in both sexes. Although neutrophil numbers at baseline and 8 hours were greater in females, the neutrophils were less activated. Systemic inflammation caused a decrease in FMD in males, but an increase in females, at 8 hours. In contrast, GTN response was not altered in either sex after vaccine. At 24 hours, cantharidin formed blisters of similar volume in both sexes; however, at 72 hours, blisters had only resolved in females. Monocyte and leukocyte counts were reduced, and the activation state of all major leukocytes was lower, in blisters of females. This was associated with enhanced levels of the resolving lipids, particularly D-resolvin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that female sex protects against systemic inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. This effect is likely due to accelerated resolution of inflammation compared with males, specifically via neutrophils, mediated by an elevation of the D-resolvin pathway. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01582321 and NRES: City Road and Hampstead Ethics Committee: 11/LO/2038. FUNDING The authors were funded by multiple sources, including the National Institute for Health Research, the British Heart Foundation, and the European Research Council.
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105
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Kuruthukulangarakoola GT, Zhang J, Albert A, Winkler B, Lang H, Buegger F, Gaupels F, Heller W, Michalke B, Sarioglu H, Schnitzler JP, Hebelstrup KH, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Nitric oxide-fixation by non-symbiotic haemoglobin proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana under N-limited conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:36-50. [PMID: 27245884 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule that is involved in many different physiological processes in plants. Here, we report about a NO-fixing mechanism in Arabidopsis, which allows the fixation of atmospheric NO into nitrogen metabolism. We fumigated Arabidopsis plants cultivated in soil or as hydroponic cultures during the whole growing period with up to 3 ppmv of NO gas. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify non-symbiotic haemoglobin proteins as key components of the NO-fixing process. Overexpressing non-symbiotic haemoglobin 1 or 2 genes resulted in fourfold higher nitrate levels in these plants compared with NO-treated wild-type. Correspondingly, rosettes size and weight, vegetative shoot thickness and seed yield were 25, 40, 30, and 50% higher, respectively, than in wild-type plants. Fumigation with 250 ppbv 15 NO confirmed the importance of non-symbiotic haemoglobin 1 and 2 for the NO-fixation pathway, and we calculated a daily uptake for non-symbiotic haemoglobin 2 overexpressing plants of 250 mg N/kg dry weight. This mechanism is probably important under conditions with limited N supply via the soil. Moreover, the plant-based NO uptake lowers the concentration of insanitary atmospheric NOx, and in this context, NO-fixation can be beneficial to air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiangli Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Hans Lang
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Werner Heller
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Research Unit Protein Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kim Henrik Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
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106
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Rathod KS, Jones DA, Van-Eijl TJA, Tsang H, Warren H, Hamshere SM, Kapil V, Jain AK, Deaner A, Poulter N, Caulfield MJ, Mathur A, Ahluwalia A. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the effects of inorganic nitrate on vascular function, platelet reactivity and restenosis in stable angina: protocol of the NITRATE-OCT study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012728. [PMID: 27998900 PMCID: PMC5223652 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mainstay treatment for reducing the symptoms of angina and long-term risk of heart attacks in patients with heart disease is stent implantation in the diseased coronary artery. While this procedure has revolutionised treatment, the incidence of secondary events remains a concern. These repeat events are thought to be due, in part, to continued enhanced platelet reactivity, endothelial dysfunction and ultimately restenosis of the stented artery. In this study, we will investigate whether a once a day inorganic nitrate administration might favourably modulate platelet reactivity and endothelial function leading to a decrease in restenosis. METHODS AND DESIGN NITRATE-OCT is a double-blind, randomised, single-centre, placebo-controlled phase II trial that will enrol 246 patients with stable angina due to have elective percutaneous coronary intervention procedure with stent implantation. Patients will be randomised to receive 6 months of a once a day dose of either nitrate-rich beetroot juice or nitrate-deplete beetroot juice (placebo) starting up to 1 week before their procedure. The primary outcome is reduction of in-stent late loss assessed by quantitative coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography at 6 months. The study is powered to detect a 0.22±0.55 mm reduction in late loss in the treatment group compared with the placebo group. Secondary end points include change from baseline assessment of endothelial function measured using flow-mediated dilation at 6 months, target vessel revascularisation (TVR), restenosis rate (diameter>50%) and in-segment late loss at 6 months, markers of inflammation and platelet reactivity and major adverse cardiac events (ie, myocardial infarction, death, cerebrovascular accident, TVR) at 12 and 24 months. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee (15/LO/0555). Trial results will be published according to the CONSORT statement and will be presented at conferences and reported in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT02529189 and ISRCTN17373946, Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj S Rathod
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel A Jones
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T J A Van-Eijl
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Hilda Tsang
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Helen Warren
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Hamshere
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Ajay K Jain
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- King George Hospital, Barking and Havering NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Deaner
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- King George Hospital, Barking and Havering NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Anthony Mathur
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre,2 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
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Kasten D, Mithöfer A, Georgii E, Lang H, Durner J, Gaupels F. Nitrite is the driver, phytohormones are modulators while NO and H2O2 act as promoters of NO2-induced cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6337-6349. [PMID: 27811003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-induced toxicity and cell death in plants. Exposure of Arabidopsis to high concentrations of NO2 induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. No leaf symptoms were visible after fumigation for 1 h with 10 parts per million (ppm) NO2 However, 20 ppm NO2 caused necrotic lesion formation and 30 ppm NO2 complete leaf collapse, which had already started during the 1 h fumigation period. NO2 fumigation resulted in a massive accumulation of nitrite and in protein modifications by S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Nitric oxide (NO) at 30 ppm did not trigger leaf damage or any of the effects observed after NO2 fumigation. The onset of NO2-induced cell death correlated with NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling and a decrease in antioxidants. NO- and H2O2-accumulating mutants were more sensitive to NO2 than wild-type plants. Accordingly, experiments with specific scavengers confirmed that NO and H2O2 are essential promoters of NO2-induced cell death. Leaf injection of 100 mM nitrite caused an increase in S-nitrosylation, NO, H2O2, and cell death suggesting that nitrite functioned as a mediator of NO2-induced effects. A targeted screening of phytohormone mutants revealed a protective role of salicylic acid (SA) signaling in response to NO2 It was also shown that phytohormones were modulators rather than inducers of NO2-induced cell death. The established experimental set-up is a suitable system to investigate NO2 and cell death signaling in large-scale mutant screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Kasten
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Georgii
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Lang
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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108
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Cheng H, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Forman HJ, Morgan TE, Finch CE. Nanoscale Particulate Matter from Urban Traffic Rapidly Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Olfactory Epithelium with Concomitant Effects on Brain. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1537-1546. [PMID: 27187980 PMCID: PMC5047762 DOI: 10.1289/ehp134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent models for urban air pollution show consistent induction of inflammatory responses in major brain regions. However, the initial impact of air pollution particulate material on olfactory gateways has not been reported. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) and brain regional responses to a nanosized subfraction of urban traffic ultrafine particulate matter (nPM, < 200 nm) in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. METHODS Adult mice were exposed to reaerosolized nPM for 5, 20, and 45 cumulative hours over 3 weeks. The OE, the olfactory bulb (OB), the cerebral cortex, and the cerebellum were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Acute responses of the OE to liquid nPM suspensions were studied with ex vivo and primary OE cultures. RESULTS After exposure to nPM, the OE and OB had rapid increases of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) protein adducts, whereas the cerebral cortex and cerebellum did not respond at any time. All brain regions showed increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) protein by 45 hr, with earlier induction of TNFα mRNA in OE and OB. These responses corresponded to in vitro OE and mixed glial responses, with rapid induction of nitrite and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), followed by induction of TNFα. CONCLUSIONS These findings show the differential time course of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to nPM between the OE and the brain. Slow cumulative transport of inhaled nPM into the brain may contribute to delayed responses of proximal and distal brain regions, with potential input from systemic factors. CITATION Cheng H, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Forman HJ, Morgan TE, Finch CE. 2016. Nanoscale particulate matter from urban traffic rapidly induces oxidative stress and inflammation in olfactory epithelium with concomitant effects on brain. Environ Health Perspect 124:1537-1546; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hank Cheng
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology,
- USC Dornsife College,
| | - Arian Saffari
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology,
- USC Dornsife College,
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109
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Keunen H, Deutz NEP, Van Reempts JLH, Hasaart THM. Transient Umbilical Cord Occlusion in Late-Gestation Fetal Sheep Results in Hippocampal Damage but Not in Cerebral Arteriovenous Difference for Nitrite, a Stable End Product of Nitric Oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769900600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jos L. H. Van Reempts
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Department of Life Sciences, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tom H. M. Hasaart
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Department of Life Sciences, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium
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110
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Chung IY, Kim BO, Jang HJ, Cho YH. Dual promoters of the major catalase (KatA) govern distinct survival strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31185. [PMID: 27491679 PMCID: PMC4974557 DOI: 10.1038/srep31185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KatA is the major catalase required for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) resistance and acute virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, whose transcription is driven from the promoter (katAp1) located at 155 nucleotide (nt) upstream of the start codon. Here, we identified another promoter (katAp2), the +1 of which was mapped at the 51 nt upstream of the start codon, which was responsible for the basal transcription during the planktonic culture and down-regulated upon H2O2 treatment under the control by the master regulator of anaerobiosis, Anr. To dissect the roles of the dual promoters in conditions involving KatA, we created the promoter mutants for each -10 box (p1m, p2m, and p1p2m) and found that katAp1 is required for the function of KatA in the logarithmic growth phase during the planktonic culture as well as in acute virulence, whereas katAp2 is required for the function of KatA in the stationary phase as well as in the prolonged biofilm culture. This dismantling of the dual promoters of katA sheds light on the roles of KatA in stress resistance in both proliferative and growth-restrictive conditions and thus provides an insight into the regulatory impacts of the major catalase on the survival strategies of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Bi-O Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
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111
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Sintsova OV, Monastyrnaya MM, Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Leychenko EV, Aminin DL, Kozlovskaya EP. [Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Polypeptide of the Sea Anemone, Heteractis crispa]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016; 41:657-63. [PMID: 27125018 DOI: 10.1134/s106816201506014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of the recombinant polypeptide HCGS 1.20, a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor of the sea anemone Heteractis crispa, was investigated. It was shown that the polypeptide inhibits the increase of the concentration of calcium ions in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages elicited by histamine, and reduces the content of NO in lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. A presumable mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of the polypeptide was being discussed.
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112
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Lienard J, Movert E, Valfridsson C, Sturegård E, Carlsson F. ESX-1 exploits type I IFN-signalling to promote a regulatory macrophage phenotype refractory to IFNγ-mediated autophagy and growth restriction of intracellular mycobacteria. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1471-85. [PMID: 27062290 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of macrophages to eradicate intracellular pathogens is normally greatly enhanced by IFNγ, a cytokine produced mainly after onset of adaptive immunity. However, adaptive immunity is unable to provide sterilizing immunity against mycobacteria, suggesting that mycobacteria have evolved virulence strategies to inhibit the bactericidal effect of IFNγ-signalling in macrophages. Still, the host-pathogen interactions and cellular mechanisms responsible for this feature have remained elusive. We demonstrate that the ESX-1 type VII secretion systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum exploit type I IFN-signalling to promote an IL-12(low) /IL-10(high) regulatory macrophage phenotype characterized by secretion of IL-10, IL-27 and IL-6. This mechanism had no impact on intracellular growth in the absence of IFNγ but suppressed IFNγ-mediated autophagy and growth restriction, indicating that the regulatory phenotype extends to function. The IFNγ-refractory phenotype was partly mediated by IL-27-signalling, establishing functional relevance for this downstream cytokine. These findings identify a novel macrophage-modulating function for the ESX-1 secretion system that may contribute to suppress the efficacy of adaptive immunity and provide mechanistic insight into the antagonistic cross talk between type I IFNs and IFNγ in mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lienard
- Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D14, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Movert
- Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D14, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Valfridsson
- Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D14, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Sturegård
- Section for Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredric Carlsson
- Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D14, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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113
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Wang B, Yu S, Chai X, Li T, Wu Q, Wang T. A Lysosome-Compatible Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Targeted Monitoring of Nitric Oxide. Chemistry 2016; 22:5649-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Shichong Yu
- College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Tiejun Li
- College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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114
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Pai R, Ma N, Connor AV, Danilenko DM, Tarrant JM, Salvail D, Wong L, Hartley DP, Misner D, Stefanich E, Wu Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Dambach DM. Therapeutic Antibody-Induced Vascular Toxicity Due to Off-Target Activation of Nitric Oxide in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:245-60. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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115
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Apak R, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 3. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) Scavenging Assays, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Chromatographic/Chemometric Assays. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1046-1070. [PMID: 26689748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There are many studies in which the antioxidant potential of different foods have been analyzed. However, there are still conflicting results and lack of information as a result of unstandardized assay techniques and differences between the principles of the methods applied. The measurement of antioxidant activity, especially in the case of mixtures, multifunctional or complex multiphase systems, cannot be evaluated satisfactorily using a simple antioxidant test due to the many variables influencing the results. In the literature, there are many antioxidant assays that are used to measure the total antioxidant activity/capacity of food materials. In this review, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging assays are evaluated with respect to their mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and potential use in food systems. On the other hand, in vivo antioxidant activity (AOA) assays including oxidative stress biomarkers and cellular-based assays are covered within the scope of this review. Finally, chromatographic and chemometric assays are reviewed, focusing on their benefits especially with respect to their time saving, cost-effective, and sensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çapanoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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116
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Laskaris LE, Di Biase MA, Everall I, Chana G, Christopoulos A, Skafidas E, Cropley VL, Pantelis C. Microglial activation and progressive brain changes in schizophrenia. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:666-80. [PMID: 26455353 PMCID: PMC4742288 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder that typically begins in adolescence and is characterized by perceptual abnormalities, delusions, cognitive and behavioural disturbances and functional impairments. While current treatments can be effective, they are often insufficient to alleviate the full range of symptoms. Schizophrenia is associated with structural brain abnormalities including grey and white matter volume loss and impaired connectivity. Recent findings suggest these abnormalities follow a neuroprogressive course in the earliest stages of the illness, which may be associated with episodes of acute relapse. Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying these brain changes, with evidence of increased density and activation of microglia, immune cells resident in the brain, at various stages of the illness. We review evidence for microglial dysfunction in schizophrenia from both neuroimaging and neuropathological data, with a specific focus on studies examining microglial activation in relation to the pathology of grey and white matter. The studies available indicate that the link between microglial dysfunction and brain change in schizophrenia remains an intriguing hypothesis worthy of further examination. Future studies in schizophrenia should: (i) use multimodal imaging to clarify this association by mapping brain changes longitudinally across illness stages in relation to microglial activation; (ii) clarify the nature of microglial dysfunction with markers specific to activation states and phenotypes; (iii) examine the role of microglia and neurons with reference to their overlapping roles in neuroinflammatory pathways; and (iv) examine the impact of novel immunomodulatory treatments on brain structure in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Laskaris
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I Everall
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - G Chana
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - E Skafidas
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - V L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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117
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Vila-Verde C, Marinho ALZ, Lisboa SF, Guimarães FS. Nitric oxide in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex is involved in the anxiogenic-like effect induced by acute restraint stress in rats. Neuroscience 2016; 320:30-42. [PMID: 26812037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons containing the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) enzyme are located in brain areas related to defensive behavior, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC). Rats exposed to a live predator (a cat) present anxiety-like behavior and an increased number of nNOS-positive neurons in this brain area one-week later. Moreover, stress-related behavioral changes in rodents can be prevented by systemic or local vMPFC nNOS inhibition. In the present study we investigated if acute restraint stress (RS)-induced delayed (one-week) anxiogenic-like effect was associated with increased nNOS expression or activity in the vMPFC. Furthermore, we also tested if local pharmacological nNOS inhibition would prevent stress-induced behavioral changes. Male Wistar rats were submitted to RS for 3h and tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) 24h or 7 days later. Two hours after the EPM test, their brains were removed, processed and nNOS expression in the vMPFC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Another group of animals was used for measuring NO metabolites (NOx; an indirect measure of NOS activity) immediately after the EPM test, 24h after RS. Independent groups had guide cannula implanted bilaterally into the prelimbic (PL) portion of vMPFC. Five to six days after surgery, the animals were submitted to RS and 24h later received local administration of the nNOS inhibitor, N-propyl-l-arginine (NPLA; 0.04 nmol). They were tested in the EPM 10 min later. RS-induced anxiogenic-like effect was accompanied by increased nNOS expression in the PL (p<0.05), but not in the infralimbic (IL) vMPFC, both 24h and 7 days after RS. Moreover, open-arm exploration of the EPM was negatively correlated with nNOS expression (p<0.05) and NOx levels (p<0.05) in the PL. The anxiogenic-like effect observed 24h after RS was prevented by NPLA (p<0.05). Our results suggest that RS-induced anxiogenic-like effect might depend on increased nNOS-mediated signaling in the PL MPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vila-Verde
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A L Z Marinho
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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118
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Ryding MJ, Fernández I, Uggerud E. Oxidation of NO˙ by small oxygen species HO2− and O2˙−: the role of negative charge, electronic spin and water solvation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9524-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of NO˙ into NO2− occurs upon reaction with HO2−(H2O)n clusters but not with O2˙−(H2O)n clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauritz Johan Ryding
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- NO-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Einar Uggerud
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- NO-0315 Oslo
- Norway
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119
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Velmurugan S, Gan JM, Rathod KS, Khambata RS, Ghosh SM, Hartley A, Van Eijl S, Sagi-Kiss V, Chowdhury TA, Curtis M, Kuhnle GGC, Wade WG, Ahluwalia A. Dietary nitrate improves vascular function in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:25-38. [PMID: 26607938 PMCID: PMC4691670 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial cardiovascular effects of vegetables may be underpinned by their high inorganic nitrate content. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effects of a 6-wk once-daily intake of dietary nitrate (nitrate-rich beetroot juice) compared with placebo intake (nitrate-depleted beetroot juice) on vascular and platelet function in untreated hypercholesterolemics. DESIGN A total of 69 subjects were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. The primary endpoint was the change in vascular function determined with the use of ultrasound flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, with primary outcome data available for 67 patients. Dietary nitrate resulted in an absolute increase in the FMD response of 1.1% (an ∼24% improvement from baseline) with a worsening of 0.3% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). A small improvement in the aortic pulse wave velocity (i.e., a decrease of 0.22 m/s; 95% CI: -0.4, -0.3 m/s) was evident in the nitrate group, showing a trend (P = 0.06) to improvement in comparison with the placebo group. Dietary nitrate also caused a small but significant reduction (7.6%) in platelet-monocyte aggregates compared with an increase of 10.1% in the placebo group (P = 0.004), with statistically significant reductions in stimulated (ex vivo) P-selectin expression compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05) but no significant changes in unstimulated expression. No adverse effects of dietary nitrate were detected. The composition of the salivary microbiome was altered after the nitrate treatment but not after the placebo treatment (P < 0.01). The proportions of 78 bacterial taxa were different after the nitrate treatment; of those taxa present, 2 taxa were responsible for >1% of this change, with the proportions of Rothia mucilaginosa trending to increase and Neisseria flavescens (P < 0.01) increased after nitrate treatment relative to after placebo treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sustained dietary nitrate ingestion improves vascular function in hypercholesterolemic patients. These changes are associated with alterations in the oral microbiome and, in particular, nitrate-reducing genera. Our findings provide additional support for the assessment of the potential of dietary nitrate as a preventative strategy against atherogenesis in larger cohorts. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01493752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Velmurugan
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Jasmine Ming Gan
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Krishnaraj S Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Suborno M Ghosh
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Amy Hartley
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Sven Van Eijl
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Virag Sagi-Kiss
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tahseen A Chowdhury
- Barts National Health Service Trust, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; and
| | - William G Wade
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit,
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120
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Baião DDS, Conte-Junior CA, Paschoalin VMF, Alvares TS. Beetroot juice increase nitric oxide metabolites in both men and women regardless of body mass. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 67:40-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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121
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Hidaka M, Gotoh A, Shimizu T, Minamisawa K, Imamura H, Uchida T. Visualization of NO3⁻/NO2⁻ Dynamics in Living Cells by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Imaging Employing a Rhizobial Two-component Regulatory System. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2260-9. [PMID: 26631727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3(-)) and nitrite (NO2(-)) are the physiological sources of nitric oxide (NO), a key biological messenger molecule. NO3(-)/NO2(-) exerts a beneficial impact on NO homeostasis and its related cardiovascular functions. To visualize the physiological dynamics of NO3(-)/NO2(-) for assessing the precise roles of these anions, we developed a genetically encoded intermolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based indicator, named sNOOOpy (sensor for NO3(-)/NO2(-) in physiology), by employing NO3(-)/NO2(-)-induced dissociation of NasST involved in the denitrification system of rhizobia. The in vitro use of sNOOOpy shows high specificity for NO3(-) and NO2(-), and its FRET signal is changed in response to NO3(-)/NO2(-) in the micromolar range. Furthermore, both an increase and decrease in cellular NO3(-) concentration can be detected. sNOOOpy is very simple and potentially applicable to a wide variety of living cells and is expected to provide insights into NO3(-)/NO2(-) dynamics in various organisms, including plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hidaka
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555
| | - Aina Gotoh
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555
| | - Taiki Shimizu
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555
| | - Kiwamu Minamisawa
- the Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, and
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uchida
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555,
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122
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Ma SX, Mayer E, Lee P, Li XY, Gao EZ. Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation Increased Nitric Oxide-Cyclic GMP Release Biocaptured Over Skin Surface of Pericardium Meridian and Acupuncture Points in Humans. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2015; 40:73-86. [PMID: 26369251 DOI: 10.3727/036012915x14381285982840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to consecutively capture and quantify nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP, the second messenger of NO, over the skin surface of acupuncture points (acupoints), meridian line without acupoint, and non-meridian control regions of the Pericardium meridian (PC) in humans, and investigate their response to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) . DESIGN, SETTING, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adhesive biocapture tubes were attached to the skin surface along PC regions and injected with 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl solution, an NO-scavenging compound, contacting the skin surface for 20 minutes each during 4 consecutive biocapture intervals. TENS (1.0 mA, 6 Hz, 1.0 msec duration) was applied over acupoints PC 8 and PC 3 during the 2nd biocapture for 20 min. Total nitrite and nitrate (NO(x)-), the stable metabolic products of NO, and cGMP in biocaptured samples were quantified using chemiluminescence and ELISA. RESULTS NO(x)- levels in the 1st biocapture over PC regions are almost two fold higher compared to subsequent biocaptures and are higher over PC acupoints versus non-meridian control region. Following TENS, NO(x)- concentrations over PC regions were significantly increased, and cGMP is predominantly released from the skin surface of PC acupoints. CONCLUSIONS TENS induces elevations of NO-cGMP concentrations over local skin region with a high level at acupoints. The enhanced signal molecules improve local circulation, which contributes to beneficial effects of the therapy.
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123
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Rathod KS, Velmurugan S, Ahluwalia A. A 'green' diet-based approach to cardiovascular health? Is inorganic nitrate the answer? Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:185-202. [PMID: 26256112 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of fruit and vegetables rich in inorganic nitrate (NO(3)(-)) has emerged as an effective method for acutely elevating vascular nitric oxide (NO) levels through formation of an NO(2)(-) intermediate. As such a number of beneficial effects of NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) ingestion have been demonstrated including reductions in blood pressure, measures of arterial stiffness and platelet activity. The pathway for NO generation from such dietary interventions involves the activity of facultative oral microflora that facilitate the reduction of inorganic NO(3)(-), ingested in the diet, to inorganic NO(2)(-). This NO(2)(-) then eventually enters the circulation where, through the activity of one or more of a range of distinct NO(2)(-) reductases, it is chemically reduced to NO. This pathway provides an alternative route for in vivo NO generation that could be utilized for therapeutic benefit in those cardiovascular disease states where reduced bioavailable NO is thought to contribute to pathogenesis. Indeed, the cardiovascular benefits of NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) are now starting to be translated in patients in several clinical trials. In this review, we discuss recent evidence supporting the potential utility of delivery of NO(3)(-) or NO(2)(-) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj Sinhji Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Shanti Velmurugan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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124
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Visnagri A, Bodhankar SL. Naringin ameliorates sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats: decisive role of KIM-1, Caspase-3, TGF-β, and TNF-α. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1396-407. [PMID: 26337322 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1074462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of a naturally occurring metal arsenic leads to renal and hepatic diseases. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the protective effect of naringin against arsenic-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats. Renal and hepatic toxicity was induced in rats by sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg, p.o.). Rats were treated orally with either vehicle or naringin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) or Coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Various biochemical, histological, and molecular biomarkers were assessed in kidney and liver. Treatment with naringin (40 and 80 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently restored (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) altered levels of kidney (serum creatinine, urine creatinine, BUN, uric acid, and creatinine clearance) and liver function test (AST and ALT) induced by sodium arsenite. Elevated levels of oxido-nitrosative stress in renal and hepatic tissue was significantly and dose-dependently decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) by naringin (40 and 80 mg/kg) treatment. It significantly and dose-dependently down-regulated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) renal KIM-1, Caspase-3, TGF-β, and TNF-α mRNA expression. Histopathological alteration induced in kidney and liver by sodium arsenite was reduced by naringin (40 and 80 mg/kg) treatment. In conclusion, naringin treatment ameliorates arsenic-induced renal and hepatic damage in rats due its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via down-regulation of elevated oxido-nitrosative stress, KIM-1, Caspase-3, TGF-β, and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adil
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Asjad Visnagri
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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125
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Zhang TT, Liu YD, Zhong RG. Iron(II) porphyrins induced conversion of nitrite into nitric oxide: A computational study. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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126
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Schudel A, Kassis T, Dixon JB, Thomas SN. S-Nitrosated Polypropylene Sulfide Nanoparticles for Thiol-Dependent Transnitrosation and Toxicity Against Adult Female Filarial Worms. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1484-90, 1423. [PMID: 25939735 PMCID: PMC4640194 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic polymer nanoparticle formulation utilizing the physiological nitrosothiol chemistry for nitric oxide delivery is shown. Toxicity of S-nitroso nanoparticles against adult female Brugia malayi worms, which are responsible for lymphatic filariasis, is dependent on nitric oxide release through transnitrosation as S-nitrosocysteine, a potent endogenous nitric oxide donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Schudel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Timothy Kassis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Susan N. Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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127
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Ismail A, d'Orlyé F, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Varenne A, da Silva JAF. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection for the analysis of S-nitrosothiols decomposition and reactivity. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1982-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Ismail
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- INSERM; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- CNRS; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
| | - Fanny d'Orlyé
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- INSERM; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- CNRS; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
| | - Sophie Griveau
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- INSERM; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- CNRS; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- INSERM; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- CNRS; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
| | - Anne Varenne
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- INSERM; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
- CNRS; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Paris France
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128
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Vafeiadou K, Weech M, Altowaijri H, Todd S, Yaqoob P, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA. Replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats had no impact on vascular function but beneficial effects on lipid biomarkers, E-selectin, and blood pressure: results from the randomized, controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:40-8. [PMID: 26016869 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.097089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health strategies to lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk involve reducing dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to ≤10% of total energy (%TE). However, the optimal type of replacement fat is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the substitution of 9.5-9.6%TE dietary SFAs with either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on vascular function and other CVD risk factors. DESIGN In a randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel-group dietary intervention, 195 men and women aged 21-60 y from the United Kingdom with moderate CVD risk (≥50% above the population mean) followed one of three 16-wk isoenergetic diets (%TE target compositions, total fat:SFA:MUFA:n-6 PUFA) that were rich in SFAs (36:17:11:4, n = 65), MUFAs (36:9:19:4, n = 64), or n-6 PUFAs (36:9:13:10, n = 66). The primary outcome measure was flow-mediated dilatation; secondary outcome measures included fasting serum lipids, microvascular reactivity, arterial stiffness, ambulatory blood pressure, and markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial activation. RESULTS Replacing SFAs with MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs did not affect the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation (primary endpoint) or other measures of vascular reactivity. Of the secondary outcome measures, substitution of SFAs with MUFAs attenuated the increase in night systolic blood pressure (-4.9 mm Hg, P = 0.019) and reduced E-selectin (-7.8%, P = 0.012). Replacement with MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs lowered fasting serum total cholesterol (-8.4% and -9.2%, respectively), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-11.3% and -13.6%), and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (-5.6% and -8.5%) (P ≤ 0.001). These changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equate to an estimated 17-20% reduction in CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS Substitution of 9.5-9.6%TE dietary SFAs with either MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs did not significantly affect the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation or other measures of vascular function. However, the beneficial effects on serum lipid biomarkers, blood pressure, and E-selectin offer a potential public health strategy for CVD risk reduction. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01478958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Vafeiadou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Michelle Weech
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Hana Altowaijri
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Susan Todd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
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129
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Akimov MG, Fomina-Ageeva EV, Bezuglov VV. [The optimization of the nitric oxide quantitative analysis for its determination in the cultural medium of mammalian cell culture]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:74-81. [PMID: 26050474 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The protocol for the quantitative analysis of nitric oxide as nitrite-ion suitable for determination of its production by a mammalian cell culture was developed. The optimal results were obtained using microvolume-adjusted Griess method after the preliminary reduction of NO3- to NO2- with non-activated cadmium. The protocol was verified on a rat glioma C6 cell culture. The developed method may be used for the nitric oxide determination in 96-well and 48-well microplates; the detection limit is 2.1 ± 0.1 μM for NO2- and 2.9 ± 0.1 μM for NO3-.
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130
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Hansen FC, Kalle-Brune M, van der Plas MJA, Strömdahl AC, Malmsten M, Mörgelin M, Schmidtchen A. The Thrombin-Derived Host Defense Peptide GKY25 Inhibits Endotoxin-Induced Responses through Interactions with Lipopolysaccharide and Macrophages/Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5397-406. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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131
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Bizjak DA, Brinkmann C, Bloch W, Grau M. Increase in Red Blood Cell-Nitric Oxide Synthase Dependent Nitric Oxide Production during Red Blood Cell Aging in Health and Disease: A Study on Age Dependent Changes of Rheologic and Enzymatic Properties in Red Blood Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125206. [PMID: 25902315 PMCID: PMC4406474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate RBC-NOS dependent NO signaling during in vivo RBC aging in health and disease. METHOD RBC from fifteen healthy volunteers (HC) and four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were separated in seven subpopulations by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. RESULTS The proportion of old RBC was significantly higher in DM compared to HC. In both groups, in vivo aging was marked by changes in RBC shape and decreased cell volume. RBC nitrite, as marker for NO, was higher in DM and increased in both HC and DM during aging. RBC deformability was lower in DM and significantly decreased in old compared to young RBC in both HC and DM. RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation, indicating enzyme activation, increased during aging in both HC and DM. Arginase I activity remained unchanged during aging in HC. In DM, arginase I activity was significantly higher in young RBC compared to HC but decreased during aging. In HC, concentration of L-arginine, the substrate of RBC-NOS and arginase I, significantly dropped from young to old RBC. In DM, L-arginine concentration was significantly higher in young RBC compared to HC and significantly decreased during aging. In blood from healthy subjects, RBC-NOS activation was additionally inhibited by N5-(1-iminoethyl)-L-Ornithine dihydrochloride which decreased RBC nitrite, and impaired RBC deformability of all but the oldest RBC subpopulation. CONCLUSION This study first-time showed highest RBC-NOS activation and NO production in old RBC, possibly to counteract the negative impact of cell shrinkage on RBC deformability. This was even more pronounced in DM. It is further suggested that highly produced NO only insufficiently affects cell function of old RBC maybe because of isolated RBC-NOS in old RBC thus decreasing NO bioavailability. Thus, increasing NO availability may improve RBC function and may extend cell life span in old RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alexander Bizjak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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132
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Tsikas D. Circulating and excretory nitrite and nitrate: Their value as measures of nitric oxide synthesis, bioavailability and activity is inherently limited. Nitric Oxide 2015; 45:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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133
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Maia LB, Pereira V, Mira L, Moura JJG. Nitrite reductase activity of rat and human xanthine oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase: evaluation of their contribution to NO formation in vivo. Biochemistry 2015; 54:685-710. [PMID: 25537183 DOI: 10.1021/bi500987w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is presently considered a NO "storage form" that can be made available, through its one-electron reduction, to maintain NO formation under hypoxia/anoxia. The molybdoenzymes xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase (XO/XD) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) are two of the most promising mammalian nitrite reductases, and in this work, we characterized NO formation by rat and human XO/XD and AO. This is the first characterization of human enzymes, and our results support the employment of rat liver enzymes as suitable models of the human counterparts. A comprehensive kinetic characterization of the effect of pH on XO and AO-catalyzed nitrite reduction showed that the enzyme's specificity constant for nitrite increase 8-fold, while the Km(NO2(-)) decrease 6-fold, when the pH decreases from 7.4 to 6.3. These results demonstrate that the ability of XO/AO to trigger NO formation would be greatly enhanced under the acidic conditions characteristic of ischemia. The dioxygen inhibition was quantified, and the Ki(O2) values found (24.3-48.8 μM) suggest that in vivo NO formation would be fine-tuned by dioxygen availability. The potential in vivo relative physiological relevance of XO/XD/AO-dependent pathways of NO formation was evaluated using HepG2 and HMEC cell lines subjected to hypoxia. NO formation by the cells was found to be pH-, nitrite-, and dioxygen-dependent, and the relative contribution of XO/XD plus AO was found to be as high as 50%. Collectively, our results supported the possibility that XO/XD and AO can contribute to NO generation under hypoxia inside a living human cell. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of XO/AO-catalyzed nitrite reduction was revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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134
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Li X, Ma XY, Feng YF, Ma ZS, Wang J, Ma TC, Qi W, Lei W, Wang L. Osseointegration of chitosan coated porous titanium alloy implant by reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway under diabetic conditions. Biomaterials 2015; 36:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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135
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Anifowose AJ, Takeda K, Sakugawa H. Photoformation rate, steady-state concentration and lifetime of nitric oxide radical (NO·) in a eutrophic river in Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:302-309. [PMID: 25036945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monthly measurements (January-December 2013) of the photoformation rate, steady-state concentration and lifetime of nitric oxide radical (NO·) in the Kurose River in Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan, were obtained. Each month, river water samples were collected at six different stations (upstream to downstream). NO· was quantified using 4, 5-diaminofluorescein-2 (DAF-2) as a probe and triazolofluorescein (DAF-2T) as a standard. Results show that NO· photoformation rate ranged from 0.01 to 35.4 (×10(-10) M s(-1)). The radical steady-state concentration in the river ranged from 0.02 to 68.5 (×10(-11) M). There was a strong correlation (r(2)=0.95) between NO· photoformation rate and the nitrite concentration in the river suggesting that this anion is a major NO· precursor. On average, 98% of the photoformed NO· came from river nitrite, and this was calculated using the photoformation rate constant {5.7×10(-5) M(NO·)s(-1) M(NO2(-))(-1)} of NO· from the anion concentration found in the study. The NO· lifetime ranged from 0.05 to 1.3 s in the river and remained fairly stable in the upstream and downstream samples. The ·OH radical, which was quantified during the study, had a photoformation rate of 0.01-13.4 (×10(-10) M s(-1)) and a steady-state concentration of 0.04-119 (×10(-16) M) with a lifetime that ranged from 0.3 to 22.5 (×10(-6) s). ·OH only accounted for ⩽0.0011% of the total NO· scavenged, showing that it was not a major sink for river NO·.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebanjo Jacob Anifowose
- Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sakugawa
- Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
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136
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Chatterjee A, Khandare DG, Saini P, Chattopadhyay A, Majik MS, Banerjee M. Amine functionalized tetraphenylethylene: a novel aggregation-induced emission based fluorescent chemodosimeter for nitrite and nitrate ions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14765k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel AIE-based fluorescent probe for the detection of trace amounts of nitrite and nitrate ions in water has been developed, which spontaneously detects nitrites (or nitrates) by a fluorescence “turn-off” method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mahesh S. Majik
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography
- Dona-Paula
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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137
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Hu J, Whittaker MR, Li Y, Quinn JF, Davis TP. The use of endogenous gaseous molecules (NO and CO2) to regulate the self-assembly of a dual-responsive triblock copolymer. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) dual-responsive block copolymer was self-assembled in aqueous solution upon gas stimuli to form nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Yang Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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138
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Yuan S, Patel RP, Kevil CG. Working with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in biological systems. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L403-15. [PMID: 25550314 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00327.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitter molecules important in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Although these molecules were first known as environmental toxicants, it is now evident that that they are intricately involved in diverse cellular functions with impact on numerous physiological and pathogenic processes. NO and H2S share some common characteristics but also have unique chemical properties that suggest potential complementary interactions between the two in affecting cellular biochemistry and metabolism. Central among these is the interactions between NO, H2S, and thiols that constitute new ways to regulate protein function, signaling, and cellular responses. In this review, we discuss fundamental biochemical principals, molecular functions, measurement methods, and the pathophysiological relevance of NO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; and
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; and
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139
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Borisov VB, Forte E, Siletsky SA, Sarti P, Giuffrè A. Cytochrome bd from Escherichia coli catalyzes peroxynitrite decomposition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:182-188. [PMID: 25449967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome bd is a prokaryotic respiratory quinol oxidase phylogenetically unrelated to heme-copper oxidases, that was found to promote virulence in some bacterial pathogens. Cytochrome bd from Escherichia coli was previously reported to contribute not only to proton motive force generation, but also to bacterial resistance to nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we investigated the interaction of the purified enzyme with peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), another harmful reactive species produced by the host to kill invading microorganisms. We found that addition of ONOO(-) to cytochrome bd in turnover with ascorbate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) causes the irreversible inhibition of a small (≤15%) protein fraction, due to the NO generated from ONOO(-) and not to ONOO(-) itself. Consistently, addition of ONOO(-) to cells of the E. coli strain GO105/pTK1, expressing cytochrome bd as the only terminal oxidase, caused only a minor (≤5%) irreversible inhibition of O2 consumption, without measurable release of NO. Furthermore, by directly monitoring the kinetics of ONOO(-) decomposition by stopped-flow absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the purified E. coli cytochrome bd in turnover with O2 is able to metabolize ONOO(-) with an apparent turnover rate as high as ~10 mol ONOO(-) (mol enzyme)(-1) s(-1) at 25°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the kinetics of ONOO(-) decomposition by a terminal oxidase has been investigated. These results strongly suggest a protective role of cytochrome bd against ONOO(-) damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy B Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sergey A Siletsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Paolo Sarti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
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140
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Johnson EA, Rice S, Preimesberger MR, Nye DB, Gilevicius L, Wenke BB, Brown JM, Witman GB, Lecomte JTJ. Characterization of THB1, a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii truncated hemoglobin: linkage to nitrogen metabolism and identification of lysine as the distal heme ligand. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4573-89. [PMID: 24964018 PMCID: PMC4108185 DOI: 10.1021/bi5005206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear genome of the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains genes for a dozen hemoglobins of the truncated lineage. Of those, THB1 is known to be expressed, but the product and its function have not yet been characterized. We present mutagenesis, optical, and nuclear magnetic resonance data for the recombinant protein and show that at pH near neutral in the absence of added ligand, THB1 coordinates the heme iron with the canonical proximal histidine and a distal lysine. In the cyanomet state, THB1 is structurally similar to other known truncated hemoglobins, particularly the heme domain of Chlamydomonas eugametos LI637, a light-induced chloroplastic hemoglobin. Recombinant THB1 is capable of binding nitric oxide (NO(•)) in either the ferric or ferrous state and has efficient NO(•) dioxygenase activity. By using different C. reinhardtii strains and growth conditions, we demonstrate that the expression of THB1 is under the control of the NIT2 regulatory gene and that the hemoglobin is linked to the nitrogen assimilation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Johnson
- Department
of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Selena
L. Rice
- Department
of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | | | - Dillon B. Nye
- Department
of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lukas Gilevicius
- Department
of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Belinda B. Wenke
- Department
of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jason M. Brown
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, University
of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - George B. Witman
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, University
of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Juliette T. J. Lecomte
- Department
of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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141
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Kelly J, Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Wylie LJ, Tucker C, List S, Winyard PG, Jones AM. Dietary nitrate supplementation: effects on plasma nitrite and pulmonary O2 uptake dynamics during exercise in hypoxia and normoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R920-30. [PMID: 25009219 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00068.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary nitrate (NO3 (-)) supplementation on the concentration of plasma nitrite ([NO2 (-)]), oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics, and exercise tolerance in normoxia (N) and hypoxia (H). In a double-blind, crossover study, 12 healthy subjects completed cycle exercise tests, twice in N (20.9% O2) and twice in H (13.1% O2). Subjects ingested either 140 ml/day of NO3 (-)-rich beetroot juice (8.4 mmol NO3; BR) or NO3 (-)-depleted beetroot juice (PL) for 3 days prior to moderate-intensity and severe-intensity exercise tests in H and N. Preexercise plasma [NO2 (-)] was significantly elevated in H-BR and N-BR compared with H-PL (P < 0.01) and N-PL (P < 0.01). The rate of decline in plasma [NO2 (-)] was greater during severe-intensity exercise in H-BR [-30 ± 22 nM/min, 95% confidence interval (CI); -44, -16] compared with H-PL (-7 ± 10 nM/min, 95% CI; -13, -1; P < 0.01) and in N-BR (-26 ± 19 nM/min, 95% CI; -38, -14) compared with N-PL (-1 ± 6 nM/min, 95% CI; -5, 2; P < 0.01). During moderate-intensity exercise, steady-state pulmonary V̇o2 was lower in H-BR (1.91 ± 0.28 l/min, 95% CI; 1.77, 2.13) compared with H-PL (2.05 ± 0.25 l/min, 95% CI; 1.93, 2.26; P = 0.02), and V̇o2 kinetics was faster in H-BR (τ: 24 ± 13 s, 95% CI; 15, 32) compared with H-PL (31 ± 11 s, 95% CI; 23, 38; P = 0.04). NO3 (-) supplementation had no significant effect on V̇o2 kinetics during severe-intensity exercise in hypoxia, or during moderate-intensity or severe-intensity exercise in normoxia. Tolerance to severe-intensity exercise was improved by NO3 (-) in hypoxia (H-PL: 197 ± 28; 95% CI; 173, 220 vs. H-BR: 214 ± 43 s, 95% CI; 177, 249; P = 0.04) but not normoxia. The metabolism of NO2 (-) during exercise is altered by NO3 (-) supplementation, exercise, and to a lesser extent, hypoxia. In hypoxia, NO3 (-) supplementation enhances V̇o2 kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise and improves severe-intensity exercise tolerance. These findings may have important implications for individuals exercising at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kelly
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lee J Wylie
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher Tucker
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stephen List
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
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142
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Dreyer G, Tucker AT, Harwood SM, Pearse RM, Raftery MJ, Yaqoob MM. Ergocalciferol and microcirculatory function in chronic kidney disease and concomitant vitamin d deficiency: an exploratory, double blind, randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99461. [PMID: 25006678 PMCID: PMC4090117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency and endothelial dysfunction are non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease. Previous studies in chronic kidney disease have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vitamin D on arterial stiffness, left ventricular mass and inflammation but none have assessed the effect of vitamin D on microcirculatory endothelial function. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a randomised controlled trial of 38 patients with non diabetic chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 and concomitant vitamin D deficiency (<16 ng/dl) who received oral ergocalciferol (50,000 IU weekly for one month followed by 50,000 IU monthly) or placebo over 6 months. The primary outcome was change in microcirculatory function measured by laser Doppler flowmetry after iontophoresis of acetylcholine. Secondary endpoints were tissue advanced glycation end products, sublingual functional capillary density and flow index as well as macrovascular parameters. Parallel in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effect of ergocalciferol on cultured human endothelial cells. RESULTS Twenty patients received ergocalciferol and 18 patients received placebo. After 6 months, there was a significant improvement in the ergocalciferol group in both endothelium dependent microcirculatory vasodilatation after iontophoresis of acetylcholine (p = 0.03) and a reduction in tissue advanced glycation end products (p = 0.03). There were no changes in sublingual microcirculatory parameters. Pulse pressure (p = 0.01) but not aortic pulse wave velocity was reduced. There were no significant changes in bone mineral parameters, blood pressure or left ventricular mass index suggesting that ergocalciferol improved endothelial function independently of these parameters. In parallel experiments, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activity were increased in human endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Ergocalciferol improved microcirculatory endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease and concomitant vitamin D deficiency. This process may be mediated through enhanced expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov NCT00882401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Dreyer
- Department of Renal Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur T. Tucker
- Ernest Cooke Microvascular Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M. Harwood
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert M. Pearse
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Raftery
- Department of Renal Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad M. Yaqoob
- Department of Renal Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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143
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Fung CH, Cheung WH, Pounder NM, Harrison A, Leung KS. Osteocytes exposed to far field of therapeutic ultrasound promotes osteogenic cellular activities in pre-osteoblasts through soluble factors. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1358-1365. [PMID: 24560187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was reported to accelerate the rate of fracture healing. When LIPUS is applied to fractures transcutaneously, bone tissues at different depths are exposed to different ultrasound fields. Measurement of LIPUS shows pressure variations in near field (nearby transducer); uniform profile was found beyond it (far field). Moreover, we have reported that the therapeutic effect of LIPUS is dependent on the axial distance of ultrasound beam in rat fracture model. However, the mechanisms of how different axial distances of LIPUS influence the mechanotransduction of bone cells are not understood. To understand the cellular mechanisms underlying far field LIPUS on enhanced fracture healing in rat model, the present study investigated the effect of ultrasound axial distances on (1) osteocyte, the mechanosensor, and (2) mechanotransduction between osteocyte and pre-osteoblast (bone-forming cell) through paracrine signaling. We hypothesized that far field LIPUS could enhance the osteogenic activities of osteoblasts via paracrine factors secreted from osteocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of axial distances of LIPUS on osteocytes and osteocyte-osteoblast mechanotransduction. In this study, LIPUS (plane; 2.2 cm in diameter, 1.5MHz sine wave, ISATA=30 mW/cm(2)) was applied to osteocytes (mechanosensor) at three axial distances: 0mm (near field), 60mm (mid-near field) and 130 mm (far field). The conditioned medium of osteocytes (OCM) collected from these three groups were used to culture pre-osteoblasts (effector cell). In this study, (1) the direct effect of ultrasound fields on the mechanosensitivity of osteocytes; and (2) the osteogenic effect of different OCM treatments on pre-osteoblasts were assessed. The immunostaining results indicated the ultrasound beam at far field resulted in more β-catenin nuclear translocation in osteocytes than all other groups. This indicated that osteocytes could detect the acoustic differences of LIPUS at various axial distances. Furthermore, we found that the soluble factors secreted by far field LIPUS exposed osteocytes could further promote pre-osteoblasts cell migration, maturation (transition of cell proliferation into osteogenic differentiation), and matrix calcification. In summary, our results of this present study indicated that axial distance beyond near field could transmit ultrasound energy to osteocyte more efficiently. The LIPUS exposed osteocytes conveyed mechanical signals to pre-osteoblasts and regulated their osteogenic cellular activities via paracrine factors secretion. The soluble factors secreted by far field exposed osteocytes led to promotion in migration and maturation in pre-osteoblasts. This finding demonstrated the positive effects of far field LIPUS on stimulating osteocytes and promoting mechanotransduction between osteocytes and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Hei Fung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Neill M Pounder
- Orthopaedic Trauma and Clinical Therapies, Smith and Nephew, Inc., Durham, NC 27703, United States
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Orthopaedic Trauma and Clinical Therapies, Smith and Nephew, Inc., Durham, NC 27703, United States
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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144
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Yang S, Wo Y, Meyerhoff ME. Polymeric optical sensors for selective and sensitive nitrite detection using cobalt(III) corrole and rhodium(III) porphyrin as ionophores. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 843:89-96. [PMID: 25150700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt(III) 5,10,15-tris(4-tert-butylphenyl) corrole with a triphenylphosphine axial ligand and rhodium(III) 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-tert-butylphenyl) porphyrin are incorporated into plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) films to fabricate nitrite-selective bulk optodes via absorbance measurements. The resulting films yield sensitive, fast and fully reversible response toward nitrite with significantly enhanced nitrite selectivity over other anions including lipophilic anions such as thiocyanate and perchlorate. The selectivity patterns differ greatly from the Hofmeister series based on anion lipophilicity and are consistent with selectivity obtained with potentiometric sensors based on the same ionophores. The optical nitrite sensors are shown to be useful for detecting rates of emission of nitric oxide (NO) from NO releasing polymers containing S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yaqi Wo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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145
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Yan Y, Tan CK, Wu H, Wang S, Huang D. Nitrogen dioxide absorbance capacity of flavanols quantified by a NO₂-selective fluorescent probe. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5253-5258. [PMID: 24832757 DOI: 10.1021/jf5001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-selective probe reported by our group previously, we have developed a fluorescent assay for quantifying NO2 absorbance capacity of flavanols and related polyphenolic compounds. A non-fluorescent Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complex containing sulforhodamine fluorophore reacted rapidly and selectively with NO2 and turned on the fluorescence of the rhodamine. In the presence of radical scavengers, such as tea catechins, the rates of the fluorescence turning on by NO2 were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. When a simple kinetic equation of the initial reaction rates is applied, the rate constants of the antioxidant reaction with NO2 can be derived using epicatechin as a reference standard, and the value is comparable to that obtained by the pulse radiolysis method. The scavenging capacity against NO2 of nine common phenolic compounds was evaluated, and their structure-activity relationship was also established. Additionally, the mechanism behind NO2 scavenging by phenolic compounds was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and secondary mass, using epicatechin and gallic acid as examples. Our assay serves as the first example for convenient and sensitive quantification of NO2 scavenging activity of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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146
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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147
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Differential effect of beetroot bread on postprandial DBP according to Glu298Asp polymorphism in the eNOS gene: a pilot study. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:726-30. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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148
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Clinical evidence demonstrating the utility of inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health. Nitric Oxide 2014; 38:45-57. [PMID: 24650698 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of nitric oxide and its role in almost every facet of human biology opened a new avenue for treatment through manipulation of its canonical signaling and by attempts to augment endogenous nitric oxide generation through provision of substrate and co-factors to the endothelial nitric oxide synthase complex. This has been particularly so in the cardiovascular system and it is well recognized that there is reduced bioavailable nitric oxide in patients with both cardiovascular risk factors and manifest vascular disease. However, these attempts have failed to deliver the expected benefits of such an approach. Recently, an alternative pathway for nitric oxide synthesis has been elucidated that can produce authentic nitric oxide from the 1 electron reduction of inorganic nitrite. Furthermore, it has long been known that symbiotic, facultative, oral microflora can facilitate the reduction of inorganic nitrate, that is ingested in the average diet in millimolar amounts, to inorganic nitrite itself. Thus, there exists an alternative reductive pathway from nitrate, via nitrite as an intermediate, to nitric oxide that provides a novel pathway that may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation. As such, various research groups have explored the utility of manipulation of this nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in situations in which nitric oxide is known to have a prominent role. Animal and early-phase human studies of both inorganic nitrite and nitrate supplementation have shown beneficial effects in blood pressure control, platelet function, vascular health and exercise capacity. This review considers in detail the pathways of inorganic nitrate bioactivation and the evidence of clinical utility to date on the cardiovascular system.
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149
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Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Reactivity in African-American Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2014. [PMID: 25401100 PMCID: PMC4229077 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that beetroot juice (BJ) decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP) and oxygen demand. This study tests the hypothesis that a beetroot juice (BJ) treatment increases heart rate variability (HRV) measured by the average standard deviation of normal-normal electrocardiogram RR intervals (SDNN) and the low frequency (LF), mainly sympathetic, fast Fourier transform spectral index of HRV. The subjects were 13 healthy young adult African-American females. Placebo control orange juice (OJ) and BJ treatments were given on separate days. Blood nitric oxide [NO], SBP and RR intervals were measured at rest and at constant workloads set to 40% and 80% of the predetermined VO2peak. Two hours after ingestion the BJ treatment increased [NO] and decreased SBP. BJ also increased SDNN at rest and at the 40% VO2peak workload, without significant effects on LF. SDNN was significantly greater after the BJ than after the OJ treatment, across the two physical activity conditions and SDNN was (negatively) correlated with SBP. These results suggest that BJ decreases SBP and increases HRV at rest and during aerobic exercise. Similar results in subjects with prehypertension or hypertension could translate to a dietary nitrate treatment for hypertension.
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150
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Choi YJ, Kim HS, Lee J, Chung J, Lee JS, Choi JS, Yoon TR, Kim HK, Chung HY. Down-regulation of oxidative stress and COX-2 and iNOS expressions by dimethyl lithospermate in aged rat kidney. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1032-8. [PMID: 24469601 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed to be a major cause of aging and many age-related diseases. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), formed from the reaction of superoxide ((•)O2 (-)) and nitric oxide (NO), is a cytotoxic species that can oxidize various cellular components, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA. The present study investigated whether dimethyl lithospermate (DML), isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, modulates age-related increases of ONOO(-), NO, and reactive species (RS) levels and expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). For this study, 20-month-old rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5 or 10 mg/kg/day of DML, and 6-month-old rats were used as young control animals. Our results indicated that DML reduces ONOO(-) levels in a dose-dependent manner. The data also revealed that DML has significant inhibitory effects on NO metabolites and RS generation in a dose-dependent manner during aging. Furthermore, the results of Western blot analysis revealed that DML treatment reduces age-associated increases in COX-2 and iNOS expressions. Thus, this study found that DML caused the decrease of renal oxidative stress and COX-2 and iNOS expressions in aged rats. The significance of the present study is the finding of DML in its potential application against the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ja Choi
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
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