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Cha BH, Lee JS, Kim SW, Cha HJ, Lee SH. The modulation of the oxidative stress response in chondrocytes by Wip1 and its effect on senescence and dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2380-8. [PMID: 23306038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a sufficient number of cells ex vivo for tissue regeneration, which are appropriate for cartilage repair, requires improved techniques for the continuous expansion of chondrocytes in a manner that does not change their innate characteristics. Rapid senescence or dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion results in loss of chondrocyte phenotype and the formation of fibrous cartilage replacement tissue, rather than hyaluronic cartilage, after transplantation. As demonstrated in the current study, wild-type p53-inducible phosphatase (Wip1), a well-established stress modulator, was highly expressed in early-passage chondrocytes, but declined rapidly during in vitro expansion. Stable Wip1-expressing chondrocytes generated by microporation were less susceptible to the onset of senescence and dedifferentiation, and were more resistant to oxidative stress. The increased resistance of Wip1 chondrocytes to oxidative stress was due to modulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Importantly, chondrocytes expressing Wip1 maintained their innate chondrogenic properties for a longer period of time, resulting in improvements in cartilage regeneration after transplantation. Chondrocytes from Wip1 knockout (Wip1(-/-)) mice were defective in cartilage regeneration compared with those from wild-type mice. Thus, Wip1 expression represents a potentially useful mechanism by which a chondrocyte phenotype can be retained during in vitro expansion through modulation of cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hyun Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Republic of Korea
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102
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Nasto LA, Wang D, Robinson AR, Clauson CL, Ngo K, Dong Q, Roughley P, Epperly M, Huq SM, Pola E, Sowa G, Robbins PD, Kang J, Niedernhofer LJ, Vo NV. Genotoxic stress accelerates age-associated degenerative changes in intervertebral discs. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 134:35-42. [PMID: 23262094 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of debilitating spinal disorders such as chronic lower back pain. Aging is the greatest risk factor for IDD. Previously, we demonstrated IDD in a murine model of a progeroid syndrome caused by reduced expression of a key DNA repair enzyme. This led us to hypothesize that DNA damage promotes IDD. To test our hypothesis, we chronically exposed adult wild-type (Wt) and DNA repair-deficient Ercc1(-/Δ) mice to the cancer therapeutic agent mechlorethamine (MEC) or ionization radiation (IR) to induce DNA damage and measured the impact on disc structure. Proteoglycan, a major structural matrix constituent of the disc, was reduced 3-5× in the discs of MEC- and IR-exposed animals compared to untreated controls. Expression of the protease ADAMTS4 and aggrecan proteolytic fragments was significantly increased. Additionally, new PG synthesis was reduced 2-3× in MEC- and IR-treated discs compared to untreated controls. Both cellular senescence and apoptosis were increased in discs of treated animals. The effects were more severe in the DNA repair-deficient Ercc1(-/Δ) mice than in Wt littermates. Local irradiation of the vertebra in Wt mice elicited a similar reduction in PG. These data demonstrate that genotoxic stress drives degenerative changes associated with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi A Nasto
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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103
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Willey JS, Long DL, Vanderman KS, Loeser RF. Ionizing radiation causes active degradation and reduces matrix synthesis in articular cartilage. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:268-77. [PMID: 23134087 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.747015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known regarding radiation effects on adult articular (joint) cartilage, though joint damage has been reported following cancer treatment or occupational exposures. The aim of this study was to determine if radiation can reduce cartilage matrix production, induce cartilage degradation, or interfere with the anabolic effects of IGF-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated chondrocytes cultured in monolayers and whole explants harvested from ankles of human donors and knees of pigs were irradiated with 2 or 10 Gy γ-rays, with or without IGF-1 stimulation. Proteoglycan synthesis and IGF-1 signaling were examined at Day 1; cartilage degradation throughout the first 96 hours. RESULTS Human and pig cartilage responded similarly to radiation. Cell viability was unchanged. Basal and IGF-1 stimulated proteoglycan synthesis was reduced following exposure, particularly following 10 Gy. Both doses decreased IGF-induced Akt activation and IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation. Matrix metalloproteinases (ADAMTS5, MMP-1, and MMP-13) and proteoglycans were released into media after 2 and 10 Gy. CONCLUSIONS Radiation induced an active degradation of cartilage, reduced proteoglycan synthesis, and impaired IGF-1 signaling in human and pig chondrocytes. Lowered Akt activation could account for decreased matrix synthesis. Radiation may cause a functional decline of cartilage health in joints after exposure, contributing to arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, USA.
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104
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common musculoskeletal disorder, is complex, multifaceted, and characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and alterations in other joint tissues. Although some pathogenic pathways have been characterized, current knowledge is incomplete and effective approaches to the prevention or treatment of OA are lacking. Understanding novel molecular mechanisms that are involved in the maintenance and destruction of articular cartilage, including extracellular regulators and intracellular signalling mechanisms in joint cells that control cartilage homeostasis, has the potential to identify new therapeutic targets in OA. MicroRNAs control tissue development and homeostasis by fine-tuning gene expression, with expression patterns specific to tissues and developmental stages, and are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. The emergent roles of microRNAs in cartilage homeostasis and OA pathogenesis are summarized in this Review, alongside potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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105
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Li J, Pei M. Cell Senescence: A Challenge in Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22273114 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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106
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Su W, Chen Y, Zeng W, Liu W, Sun H. Involvement of Wnt signaling in the injury of murine mesenchymal stem cells exposed to X-radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:635-41. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.703362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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107
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Gabay O, Sanchez C. Epigenetics, sirtuins and osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:570-3. [PMID: 22738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics, modifications of the DNA other than changes on the DNA sequences, is frequently studied in cancer research and aging. DNA methylation, mi-RNA, and histones deacetylation are investigated in different pathologies, including inflammatory diseases and age-related diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, we focus on the chromatin-modifying enzymes in arthritic pathologies, and more particularly on Sirtuins. We also review the role of Sirt1 in OA, which has been highlighted in recent publications, and examine the possible protective role Sirt1 could play in this disease. Moreover, we discuss the possible therapeutic target of such a protein, reviewing the potential inhibitors/activators of this enzyme and their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Gabay
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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108
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Barter MJ, Bui C, Young DA. Epigenetic mechanisms in cartilage and osteoarthritis: DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:339-349. [PMID: 22281264 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Several studies have suggested or identified epigenetic events that may play a role in OA progression and the gene expression changes observed in diseased cartilage. The aim of this review is to inform about current research in epigenetics and epigenetics in OA. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Collectively, these enable the cell to respond quickly to environmental changes and can be inherited during cell division. However, aberrant epigenetic modifications are associated with a number of pathological conditions, including OA. Advancements in epigenetic research suggests that global analysis of such modifications in OA are now possible, however, with the exception of microRNAs, it will be a significant challenge to demonstrate how such events impact on the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Barter
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, 4th Floor Cookson Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - C Bui
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, 4th Floor Cookson Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - D A Young
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, 4th Floor Cookson Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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109
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Ganguly K, McRury ID, Goodwin PM, Morgan RE, Augé WK. Targeted In Situ Biosynthetic Transcriptional Activation in Native Surface-Level Human Articular Chondrocytes during Lesion Stabilization. Cartilage 2012; 3:141-55. [PMID: 26069627 PMCID: PMC4297128 DOI: 10.1177/1947603511426881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Safe articular cartilage lesion stabilization is an important early surgical intervention advance toward mitigating articular cartilage disease burden. While short-term chondrocyte viability and chondrosupportive matrix modification have been demonstrated within tissue contiguous to targeted removal of damaged articular cartilage, longer term tissue responses require evaluation to further clarify treatment efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine surface chondrocyte responses within contiguous tissue after lesion stabilization. METHODS Nonablation radiofrequency lesion stabilization of human cartilage explants obtained during knee replacement was performed for surface fibrillation. Time-dependent chondrocyte viability, nuclear morphology and cell distribution, and temporal response kinetics of matrix and chaperone gene transcription indicative of differentiated chondrocyte function were evaluated in samples at intervals to 96 hours after treatment. RESULTS Subadjacent surface articular cartilage chondrocytes demonstrated continued viability for 96 hours after treatment, a lack of increased nuclear fragmentation or condensation, persistent nucleic acid production during incubation reflecting cellular assembly behavior, and transcriptional up-regulation of matrix and chaperone genes indicative of retained biosynthetic differentiated cell function. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide further evidence of treatment efficacy and suggest the possibility to manipulate or induce cellular function, thereby recruiting local chondrocytes to aid lesion recovery. Early surgical intervention may be viewed as a tissue rescue, allowing articular cartilage to continue displaying biological responses appropriate to its function rather than converting to a tissue ultimately governed by the degenerative material property responses of matrix failure. Early intervention may positively impact the late changes and reduce disease burden of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wayne K. Augé
- NuOrtho Surgical Inc., Fall River, MA, USA,Center for Orthopaedic and Sports Performance Research Inc., Santa Fe, NM, USA
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110
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Ionizing radiation–induced expression of INK4a/ARF in murine bone marrow–derived stromal cell populations interferes with bone marrow homeostasis. Blood 2012; 119:717-26. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-361626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alterations of the BM microenvironment have been shown to occur after chemoradiotherapy, during aging, and after genetic manipulations of telomere length. Nevertheless, whether BM stromal cells adopt senescent features in response to these events is unknown. In the present study, we provide evidence that exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) leads murine stromal BM cells to express senescence markers, namely senescence-associated β-galactosidase and increased p16INK4a/p19ARF expression. Long (8 weeks) after exposure of mice to IR, we observed a reduction in the number of stromal cells derived from BM aspirates, an effect that we found to be absent in irradiated Ink4a/arf-knockout mice and to be mostly independent of the CFU potential of the stroma. Such a reduction in the number of BM stromal cells was specific, because stromal cells isolated from collagenase-treated bones were not reduced after IR. Surprisingly, we found that exposure to IR leads to a cellular nonautonomous and Ink4a/arf-dependent effect on lymphopoiesis. Overall, our results reveal the distinct sensitivity of BM stromal cell populations to IR and suggest that long-term residual damage to the BM microenvironment can influence hematopoiesis in an Ink4a/arf-dependent manner.
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111
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Resveratrol inhibits interleukin 1β-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in articular chondrocytes by activating SIRT1 and thereby suppressing nuclear factor-κB activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 674:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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112
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Chen HC, Jeng YM, Yuan RH, Hsu HC, Chen YL. SIRT1 promotes tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma and its expression predicts poor prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19:2011-9. [PMID: 22146883 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-2159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays crucial roles in many biological processes, including stress response, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, adaptation to calorie restriction, aging, and tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the clinicopathological and functional significance of SIRT1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS SIRT1 expression in HCC was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. SIRT1 was overexpressed in HCC cell line SK-Hep1 to study its role in tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. RESULTS SIRT1 was overexpressed in 95 of 172 HCCs (55%). SIRT1 overexpression was associated with higher α-fetoprotein level, higher tumor grade, and absence of β-catenin mutation. SIRT1 expression predicted poor long-term survival for patients with resected HCC. The elevated SIRT1 protein level in HCC was not attributable to the elevation of mRNA level. The half-life of SIRT1 protein was longer in cell lines with higher expression of SIRT1. We further demonstrated that SIRT1 was degraded by the 26S proteasome in an ubiquitin-dependent manner. Overexpression of SIRT1 promoted tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutical agent and sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 is an oncogenic protein for HCC and is a predictor of worse outcome after surgical resection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Cheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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113
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Kim YJ, Cha HJ, Nam KH, Yoon Y, Lee H, An S. Centella asiatica extracts modulate hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:998-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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114
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Beltrami AP, Cesselli D, Beltrami CA. Stem cell senescence and regenerative paradigms. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 91:21-9. [PMID: 22089268 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term "cellular senescence" denotes a cellular response to several stressors that results in irreversible growth arrest, alterations of the gene expression profile, epigenetic modifications, and an altered secretome, all of which eventually impair the reparative properties of primitive cells, adding a layer of complexity to the field of regenerative medicine. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how cellular senescence could affect tissue repair and to propose interventions that aim at interfering with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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115
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The cross-talk between ROS and p38MAPKα in the Ex Vivo expanded human umbilical cord blood CD133+ cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:591. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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116
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The impact of cellular senescence in cancer therapy: is it true or not? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1199-207. [PMID: 21909124 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is defined as the physiological program of terminal growth arrest, which can be triggered by various endogenous or exogenous stress signals. Cellular senescence can be induced in response to oncogenic activation and acts as a barrier to tumorigenesis. Moreover, tumor cells can undergo senescence when exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition to suppressing tumorigenesis, senescent cells remain metabolically active and may contribute to tumor formation and to therapy resistance. In the current review, we discuss the molecular regulation of cellular senescence, the potential implications of senescence in human cancers, and the possibility of exploiting cellular senescence for the treatment of cancers.
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117
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Wu X, Kong X, Chen D, Li H, Zhao Y, Xia M, Fang M, Li P, Fang F, Sun L, Tian W, Xu H, Yang Y, Qi X, Gao Y, Sha J, Chen Q, Xu Y. SIRT1 links CIITA deacetylation to MHC II activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:9549-58. [PMID: 21890893 PMCID: PMC3239213 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-dependent stimulation of T cells plays a critical role in adaptive immunity and host defense. Activation of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) molecules, dictated by Class II transactivator (CIITA), is considered a pivotal step in this process. The mechanism underlying differential regulation of CIITA activity by the post-translational modification machinery (PTM) and its implications are not clearly appreciated. Here, we report that SIRT1, a type III deacetylase, interacts with and deacetylates CIITA. SIRT1 activation augments MHC II transcription by shielding CIITA from proteasomal degradation and promoting nuclear accumulation and target binding of CIITA. In contrast, depletion of SIRT1 upregulates CIITA acetylation and attenuates its activity. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) that synthesizes NAD+ required for SIRT1 activation exerts similar effects on CIITA activity. Two different types of stress stimuli, hypobaric hypoxia and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), induce the acetylation of CIITA and suppress its activity by inhibiting the SIRT1 expression and activity. Thus, our data link SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of CIITA to MHC II transactivation in macrophages and highlight a novel strategy stress cues may employ to manipulate host adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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118
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Hong EH, Yun HS, Kim J, Um HD, Lee KH, Kang CM, Lee SJ, Chun JS, Hwang SG. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is essential for interleukin-1beta-mediated dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes via SIRT1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) complex signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28619-31. [PMID: 21697093 PMCID: PMC3151103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.219832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about interleukin (IL)-1β and its role as a key mediator of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis, only limited information is available on IL-1β signaling in chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Here, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms leading to the dedifferentiation of primary cultured articular chondrocytes by IL-1β treatment. IL-1β or lipopolysaccharide, but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, retinoic acid, or epidermal growth factor, induced nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) expression, showing the association of inflammatory cytokines with NAMPT regulation. SIRT1, in turn, was activated NAMPT-dependently, without any alteration in the expression level. Activation or inhibition of SIRT1 oppositevely regulates IL-1β-mediated chondrocyte dedifferentiation, suggesting this protein as a key regulator of chondrocytes phenotype. SIRT1 activation promotes induction of ERK and p38 kinase activities, but not JNK, in response to IL-1β. Subsequently, ERK and p38 kinase activated by SIRT1 also induce SIRT1 activation, forming a positive feedback loop to sustain downstream signaling of these kinases. Moreover, we found that the SIRT1-ERK complex, but not SIRT1-p38, is engaged in IL-1β-induced chondrocyte dedifferentiation via a Sox-9-mediated mechanism. JNK is activated by IL-1β and modulates dedifferentiation of chondrocytes, but this pathway is independent on NAMPT-SIRT1 signaling. Based on these findings, we propose that IL-1β induces dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes by up-regulation of SIRT1 activity enhanced by both NAMPT and ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Hong
- From the Division of Radiation Cancer Research and
- the Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Hong Shik Yun
- From the Division of Radiation Cancer Research and
- the Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Jongdoo Kim
- From the Division of Radiation Cancer Research and
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- From the Division of Radiation Cancer Research and
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- From the Division of Radiation Cancer Research and
| | - Chang-Mo Kang
- the Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- the Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- the Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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119
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Kar B, Liu B, Zhou Z, Lam YW. Quantitative nucleolar proteomics reveals nuclear re-organization during stress- induced senescence in mouse fibroblast. BMC Cell Biol 2011; 12:33. [PMID: 21835027 PMCID: PMC3163619 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleolus is the most prominent mammalian organelle within the nucleus which is also the site for ribosomal biogenesis. There have been many reports indicating the involvement of nucleolus in the process of aging. Several proteins related to aging have been shown to localize in the nucleolus, which suggests the role of this organelle in senescence. Results In this study, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to map the flux of proteins into and out of the nucleolus during the induction of senescence in cultured mammalian cells. Changes in the abundance of 344 nucleolar proteins in sodium butyrate-induced senescence in NIH3T3 cells were studied by SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture)-based mass spectrometry. Biochemically, we have validated the proteomic results and confirmed that B23 (nucleophosmin) protein was down-regulated, while poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II/DHX9/RHA) were up-regulated in the nucleolus upon treatment with sodium butyrate. Accumulation of chromatin in the nucleolus was also observed, by both proteomics and microscopy, in sodium butyrate-treated cells. Similar observations were found in other models of senescence, namely, in mitoxantrone- (MTX) treated cells and primary fibroblasts from the Lamin A knockout mice. Conclusion Our data indicate an extensive nuclear organization during senescence and suggest that the redistribution of B23 protein and chromatin can be used as an important marker for senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnupriya Kar
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 88 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
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120
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Asahara H. Switching gears to an arthritis gene expression network by SirT1 cleavage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2161-3. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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121
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Song SH, Lee MO, Lee JS, Oh JS, Cho SU, Cha HJ. Sirt1 Promotes DNA Damage Repair and Cellular Survival. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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122
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Tian LM, Xie HF, Xiao X, Yang T, Hu YH, Wang WZ, Liu LS, Chen X, Li J. Study on the roles of β-catenin in hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in human skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:836-8. [PMID: 21707762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important causes of the cellular senescence process. Previous studies showed that β-catenin can regulate FoxO3a and this association was enhanced in cells exposed to oxidative stress. It has also been reported that β-catenin can regulate some senescence-related proteins. We propose that β-catenin may play a crucial role in senescence of normal human primary skin fibroblasts (NHSFs). Here, we explored the roles and mechanisms of β-catenin on H(2)O(2)-induced senescence in NHSFs. β-catenin expression was decreased in NHSFs after H(2)O(2) treatment. Overexpression of β-catenin in NHSFs led to a marked delay of many senescent phenotypes induced by H(2)O(2). Furthermore, overexpression of β-catenin in NHSFs can antagonise the alteration of reactive oxygen species accumulation and some senescence-related proteins expression induced by H(2)O(2) treatment. Our data demonstrated that β-catenin can protect NHSFs from H(2)O(2)-induced premature senescence by alleviating oxidative stress and regulating some senescence-related molecules.
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Panganiban RAM, Day RM. Hepatocyte growth factor in lung repair and pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 89:656-67. [PMID: 21131996 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.711502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary remodeling is characterized by the permanent and progressive loss of the normal alveolar architecture, especially the loss of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells, persistent proliferation of activated fibroblasts, or myofibroblasts, and alteration of extracellular matrix. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic factor, which induces cellular motility, survival, proliferation, and morphogenesis, depending upon the cell type. In the adult, HGF has been demonstrated to play a critical role in tissue repair, including in the lung. Administration of HGF protein or ectopic expression of HGF has been demonstrated in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis to induce normal tissue repair and to prevent fibrotic remodeling. HGF-induced inhibition of fibrotic remodeling may occur via multiple direct and indirect mechanisms including the induction of cell survival and proliferation of pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells, and the reduction of myofibroblast accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Allan M Panganiban
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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Ma ZC, Hong Q, Wang YG, Tan HL, Xiao CR, Liang QD, Wang DG, Gao Y. Ferulic acid protects lymphocytes from radiation-predisposed oxidative stress through extracellular regulated kinase. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:130-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.523510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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125
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Dai DZ, Dai Y. Role of endothelin receptor A and NADPH oxidase in vascular abnormalities. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2010; 6:787-94. [PMID: 20859547 PMCID: PMC2941789 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s6556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dilatation is critically impaired in many diseases and is encountered by an upregulated endothelin receptor A (ETA) in the vasculature in association with a decline in nitric oxide bioavailability. Diabetic vasculopathy is characterized as a compromised vascular dilatation, implicated in many diabetic complications. It appears to be activated ETA and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase in the vasculature. Glucose-lowering agents do not always blunt these changes, as these changes may be progressive leading to the end stage of renal disease. The vascular insults by hypertension, hyperglycemia and aging may share the changes with diabetic vascular beds. Endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 and ingredients from plant origins such as CPU86017, p-benzyl-tetra-hydro-berberine are effective in attenuating vascular abnormality by normalizing changes of biomarkers in the vascular wall. The early sign of subclinical atherosclerosis presented as an intima media thickness in the carotid may indicate endothelium dysfunction. The reduced ABI (ankle brachial index) has been taken to predict patients at risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and an increased risk of mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease. An application of agents which suppress the activated ET-NADPH oxidase in the vascular wall is beneficial to attenuate vascular abnormalities. It is worth testing the activity of these agents further for the potential in relieving abnormal vascular activity, reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Zai Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Chung S, Yao H, Caito S, Hwang JW, Arunachalam G, Rahman I. Regulation of SIRT1 in cellular functions: role of polyphenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501:79-90. [PMID: 20450879 PMCID: PMC2930135 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins including transcription factors thereby regulating metabolism, stress resistance, cellular survival, cellular senescence/aging, inflammation-immune function, endothelial functions, and circadian rhythms. Naturally occurring dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and catechins, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via modulating different pathways, such as NF-kappaB- and mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, these polyphenols have also been shown to activate SIRT1 directly or indirectly in a variety of models. Therefore, activation of SIRT1 by polyphenols is beneficial for regulation of calorie restriction, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, autophagy/apoptosis, autoimmunity, metabolism, adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, skeletal muscle function, mitochondria biogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we describe the regulation of SIRT1 by dietary polyphenols in various cellular functions in response to environmental and pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoon Chung
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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127
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Caito S, Rajendrasozhan S, Cook S, Chung S, Yao H, Friedman AE, Brookes PS, Rahman I. SIRT1 is a redox-sensitive deacetylase that is post-translationally modified by oxidants and carbonyl stress. FASEB J 2010; 24:3145-59. [PMID: 20385619 PMCID: PMC2923349 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-151308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) deacetylase levels are decreased in chronic inflammatory conditions and aging where oxidative stress occurs. We determined the mechanism of SIRT1 redox post-translational modifications leading to its degradation. Human lung epithelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (150-250 microM), aldehyde-acrolein (10-30 microM), and cigarette smoke extract (CSE; 0.1-1.5%) in the presence of intracellular glutathione-modulating agents at 1-24 h, and oxidative post-translational modifications were assayed in cells, as well as in lungs of mice lacking and overexpressing glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx1), and wild-type (WT) mice in response to cigarette smoke (CS). CSE and aldehydes dose and time dependently decreased SIRT1 protein levels, with EC(50) of 1% for CSE and 30 microM for acrolein at 6 h, and >80% inhibition at 24 h with CSE, which was regulated by modulation of intracellular thiol status of the cells. CS decreased the lung levels of SIRT1 in WT mice, which was enhanced by deficiency of Glrx1 and prevented by overexpression of Glrx1. Oxidants, aldehydes, and CS induced carbonyl modifications on SIRT1 on cysteine residues concomitant with decreased SIRT1 activity. Proteomics studies revealed alkylation of cysteine residue on SIRT1. Our data suggest that oxidants/aldehydes covalently modify SIRT1, decreasing enzymatic activity and marking the protein for proteasomal degradation, which has implications in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Caito
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 850, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Arunachalam G, Yao H, Sundar IK, Caito S, Rahman I. SIRT1 regulates oxidant- and cigarette smoke-induced eNOS acetylation in endothelial cells: Role of resveratrol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:66-72. [PMID: 20102704 PMCID: PMC2830376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a crucial role in endothelial cell functions. SIRT1, a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, is shown to regulate endothelial function and hence any alteration in endothelial SIRT1 will affect normal vascular physiology. Cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated oxidative stress is implicated in endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of SIRT1 in regulation of eNOS by CS and oxidants are not known. We hypothesized that CS-mediated oxidative stress downregulates SIRT1 leading to acetylation of eNOS which results in reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling and endothelial dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and H(2)O(2) showed decreased SIRT1 levels, activity, but increased phosphorylation concomitant with increased eNOS acetylation. Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with resveratrol significantly attenuated the CSE- and oxidant-mediated SIRT1 levels and eNOS acetylation. These findings suggest that CS- and oxidant-mediated reduction of SIRT1 is associated with acetylation of eNOS which have implications in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnanapragasam Arunachalam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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