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Zhang H, Wang S, Huang Y, Wang H, Zhao J, Gaskin F, Yang N, Fu SM. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are proinflammatory and regulate collagen-induced arthritis through manipulating Th17 cell differentiation. Clin Immunol 2015; 157:175-86. [PMID: 25680967 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and Th17 cells were found to expand in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) significantly. Two subsets of MDSC, polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MO), were detected and their ratios varied during the development of CIA. The depletion of MDSC in vivo resulted in suppression of T-cell proliferation and decreased IL-17A and IL-1β production. The adoptive transfer of MDSC restored the severity of arthritis and Th17 cell differentiation. The depletion of MDSCs on day 35 resulted in arthritis amelioration without reaching a significant difference. Furthermore, MDSCs from CIA mice had higher production of IL-1β and promoted Th17 cell differentiation. The expansion of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was in correlation with increased Th17 cells and disease activity DAS28. These results support the hypothesis that MDSC may play a significant proinflammatory role in the pathogenesis of CIA and RA by inducing Th17 development in an IL-1β-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Felicia Gaskin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0133, USA
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shu Man Fu
- Division of Rheumatology and Center of inflammation, Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0133, USA
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102
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Li L, Zhang T, Diao W, Jin F, Shi L, Meng J, Liu H, Zhang J, Zeng CH, Zhang MC, Liang S, Liu Y, Zhang CY, Liu Z, Zen K. Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Glucocorticoid-Mediated Amelioration of FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2183-97. [PMID: 25568177 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which glucocorticoids alleviate renal inflammatory disorders remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the efficacy of glucocorticoids in ameliorating FSGS depends on the capacity to expand myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). After glucocorticoid treatment, the frequency of CD11b(+)HLA-DR(-)CD14(-)CD15(+) MDSCs in peripheral blood rapidly increased in patients with glucocorticoid-sensitive FSGS but remained unchanged in patients with glucocorticoid-resistant FSGS. The frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) MDSCs in mouse peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, kidney-draining lymph nodes (KDLNs), and kidney also increased after glucocorticoid treatment. The induced MDSCs from glucocorticoid-treated mice strongly suppressed T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages but induced regulatory T cells in spleen, KDLNs, and kidney. Moreover, glucocorticoid treatment suppressed doxorubicin-induced T cell proliferation, dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production, whereas this protective effect was largely abolished by depleting MDSCs using anti-Gr-1 antibody. Finally, the adoptive transfer of induced MDSCs into the doxorubicin-treated mice not only confirmed the protective role of MDSCs in doxorubicin-induced renal injury but also showed that the transferred MDSCs rapidly migrated into the lymphocyte-accumulating organs, such as the spleen and KDLNs, where they suppressed T cell proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that glucocorticoid treatment ameliorates FSGS by expanding functional MDSCs and that this rapid elevation of MDSCs in peripheral blood may serve as an indicator for predicting the efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Wenli Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jiao Meng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Hong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Ming-Chao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Shaoshan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China;
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology, Nanjing, China; National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
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103
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El Gammal AT, Dupree A, Wolter S, Aberle J, Izbicki JR, Güngör C, Mann O. Obesity research: Status quo and future outlooks. World J Transl Med 2014; 3:119-132. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v3.i3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease showing a pandemic increase within the last decades in developing, and developed countries. It is associated with several severe comorbidities such as type II diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, non-alcoholic steatosis hepatis and cancer. Due to the increasing number of overweight individuals worldwide, research in the field of obesity has become more vital than ever. Currently, great efforts are spend to understand this complex disease from a biological, psychological and sociological angle. Further insights of obesity research come from bariatric surgery that provides new information regarding hormonal changes during weight loss. The initiation of programs for obesity treatment, both interventional and pharmaceutical, are being pursued with the fullest intensity. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for weight loss and resolution of comorbidities in morbid obese patients. Reasons for weight loss and remission of comorbidities following Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, and other bariatric procedures are therefore under intense investigation. In this review, however, we will focus on obesity treatment, highlighting new insights and future trends of gut hormone research, the relation of obesity and cancer development via the obesity induced chronic state of inflammation, and new potential concepts of interventional and conservative obesity treatment.
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104
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Tumor induced hepatic myeloid derived suppressor cells can cause moderate liver damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112717. [PMID: 25401795 PMCID: PMC4234460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous tumors induce the accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) not only in blood and spleens, but also in livers of these animals. Unexpectedly, we observed a moderate increase in serum transaminases in mice with EL4 subcutaneous tumors, which prompted us to study the relationship of hepatic MDSC accumulation and liver injury. MDSC were the predominant immune cell population expanding in livers of all subcutaneous tumor models investigated (RIL175, B16, EL4, CT26 and BNL), while liver injury was only observed in EL4 and B16 tumor-bearing mice. Elimination of hepatic MDSC in EL4 tumor-bearing mice using low dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment reversed transaminase elevation and adoptive transfer of hepatic MDSC from B16 tumor-bearing mice caused transaminase elevation indicating a direct MDSC mediated effect. Surprisingly, hepatic MDSC from B16 tumor-bearing mice partially lost their damage-inducing potency when transferred into mice bearing non damage-inducing RIL175 tumors. Furthermore, MDSC expansion and MDSC-mediated liver injury further increased with growing tumor burden and was associated with different cytokines including GM-CSF, VEGF, interleukin-6, CCL2 and KC, depending on the tumor model used. In contrast to previous findings, which have implicated MDSC only in protection from T cell-mediated hepatitis, we show that tumor-induced hepatic MDSC themselves can cause moderate liver damage.
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105
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James BR, Anderson KG, Brincks EL, Kucaba TA, Norian LA, Masopust D, Griffith TS. CpG-mediated modulation of MDSC contributes to the efficacy of Ad5-TRAIL therapy against renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:1213-27. [PMID: 25143233 PMCID: PMC4412276 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression occurs through the modulation of a number of physiological parameters, including the development of immunosuppressive mechanisms to prevent immune detection and response. Among these immune evasion mechanisms, the mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is a major contributor to the suppression of antitumor T-cell immunity. Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) show increased MDSC, and methods are being explored clinically to reduce the prevalence of MDSC and/or inhibit their function. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between MDSC and the therapeutic potential of a TRAIL-encoding recombinant adenovirus (Ad5-TRAIL) in combination with CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (Ad5-TRAIL/CpG) in an orthotopic mouse model of RCC. This immunotherapy effectively clears renal (Renca) tumors and enhances survival, despite the presence of a high frequency of MDSC in the spleens and primary tumor-bearing kidneys at the time of treatment. Subsequent analyses revealed that the CpG component of the immunotherapy was responsible for decreasing the frequency of MDSC in Renca-bearing mice; further, treatment with CpG modulated the phenotype and function of MDSC that remained after immunotherapy and correlated with an increased T-cell response. Interestingly, the CpG-dependent alterations in MDSC frequency and function did not occur in tumor-bearing mice complicated with diet-induced obesity. Collectively, these data suggest that in addition to its adjuvant properties, CpG also enhances antitumor responses by altering the number and function of MDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britnie R. James
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 3-125 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Kristin G. Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Erik L. Brincks
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 3-125 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Tamara A. Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 3-125 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Lyse A. Norian
- Department of Urology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Center for Immunology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 3-125 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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106
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Wu J, Zhang R, Tang N, Gong Z, Zhou J, Chen Y, Chen K, Cai W. Dopamine inhibits the function of Gr-1+CD115+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells through D1-like receptors and enhances anti-tumor immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:191-200. [PMID: 25341727 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a1113-626rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MDSCs accumulate in tumor-bearing animals and cancer patients and are a major factor responsible for cancer-induced immunosuppression that limits effective cancer immunotherapy. Strategies aimed at effectively inhibiting the function of MDSCs are expected to enhance host anti-tumor immunity and improve cancer immunotherapy significantly. The neurotransmitter DA has been found to have anti-cancer activity, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic mechanism and efficacy of DA on the inhibition of cancer development via the regulation of MDSC functions. The regulation of the suppressive function of Gr-1(+)CD115(+) MDSCs by DA was determined by use of murine syngeneic LLC and B16 graft models treated with DA in vivo, as well as Gr-1(+)CD115(+) MDSCs isolated from these model treated with DA ex vivo. Here, we show that Gr-1(+)CD115(+) monocytic MDSCs express D1-like DA receptors. DA dramatically attenuated the inhibitory function of tumor-induced monocytic MDSCs on T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production via D1-like DA receptors and retarded tumor growth. DA and other D1 receptor agonists inhibited IFN-γ-induced NO production by MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. Decreased NO production was, in part, mediated via the suppression of p-ERK and p-JNK. In conclusion, the neurotransmitter DA potently inhibits the suppressive function of MDSC and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Our finding provides a mechanistic basis for the use of DA or D1-like receptor agonists to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | | | - Ning Tang
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - Zizhen Gong
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Immunology and Microbiology, Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and
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107
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Xu Y, Zhao W, Wu D, Xu J, Lin S, Tang K, Yin Z, Wang X. Isolation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells subsets from spleens of orthotopic liver cancer-bearing mice by fluorescent-activated and magnetic-activated cell sorting: similarities and differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7545-7553. [PMID: 25550790 PMCID: PMC4270530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that commonly expand during tumor development and that play a critical role in suppression of immune responses. MDSCs can be classified into two groups: Mo-MDSCs and G-MDSCs. These cells differ in their morphology, phenotype, differentiation ability, and immunosuppressive activity, and inhibit immune responses via different mechanisms. Therefore, identifying an effective method for isolating viable Mo-MDSCs and G-MDSCs is important. Here, we demonstrated the differences and similarities between fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) in sorting G-MDSCs and Mo-MDSCs. Both MACS and FACS could obtain G-MDSCs and Mo-MDSCs with high viability and purity. A high yield and purity of G-MDSCs could be obtained both by using FACS and MACS, because G-MDSCs are highly expressed in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice. However, Mo-MDSCs, which comprise a small population among leukocytes, when sorted by MACS, could be obtained at much greater cell number, although with a slightly lower purity, than when sorted by FACS. In conclusion, we recommended using both FACS and MACS for isolating G-MDSCs, and using MACS for isolation of Mo-MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Duan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Suqiong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital) Xiamen, China
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108
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A high-protein diet is anti-steatotic and has no pro-inflammatory side effects in dyslipidaemic APOE2 knock-in mice. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1251-65. [PMID: 25160499 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-protein (HP) diets are effective anti-steatotic treatment options for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but whether these diets also decrease steatosis in hyperlipidaemic conditions is not known. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a HP diet on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in hyperlipidaemic mice. Hyperlipidaemic male and female APOE2 knock-in (APOE2ki) mice were fed a semi-synthetic low-protein (LP) or HP diet in combination with a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet for 3 weeks. The HP diets reduced hepatic fat and cholesterol concentrations to 40-55 % of those induced by the corresponding LP diets and attenuated hepatic inflammation mildly. The VLDL-associated plasma cholesterol concentrations decreased to 60-80 %, but those of TAG increased 3-4-fold. APOE2-mediated restriction of fat import into the liver did not modify the effects of a HP diet previously observed in wild-type mice. Female APOE2ki mice exhibited a higher expression of lipogenic, cholesterol-synthesising, inflammatory and cell-stress genes than wild-type female or male APOE2ki mice, but a similar response to HP diets. Low Apob expression and unchanged plasma APOB100 concentrations suggest that HP diets increase the plasma concentrations of TAG by slowing their clearance. The decrease in plasma leptin and hepatic fat and glycogen concentrations and the increase in fatty acid-oxidising gene and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 protein expression suggest a HP diet-mediated increase in mitochondrial metabolism. In conclusion, a HP diet reduces hepatic lipid content in dyslipidaemic mice and lowers the activation status of inflammatory cells in the liver.
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109
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Diao W, Jin F, Wang B, Zhang CY, Chen J, Zen K, Li L. The protective role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury. Protein Cell 2014; 5:714-24. [PMID: 24981055 PMCID: PMC4145084 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying T cell-mediated fulminant hepatitis is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) could prevent the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis through suppressing T cell proliferation. We observed an increase in the frequencies of MDSCs in mouse spleen and liver at early stage of ConA treatment, implicating that the MDSCs might be involved in the initial resistance of mice against ConA-mediated inflammation. Subpopulation analysis showed that the MDSCs in liver of ConA-induced mice were mainly granulocytic MDSCs. Adoptive transfer of the bone marrow-derived MDSCs into ConA-treated mice showed that the MDSCs migrated into the liver and spleen where they suppressed T cell proliferation through ROS pathway. In addition, the frequencies of MDSCs in mice were also significantly increased by the treatment with immune suppressor glucocorticoids. Transfer of MDSCs into the regulatory T cell (Treg)-depleted mice showed that the protective effect of MDSCs on ConA-induced hepatitis is Treg-independent. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MDSCs possess a direct protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis, and increasing the frequency of MDSCs by either adoptive transfer or glucocorticoid treatment represents a potential cell-based therapeutic strategy for the acute inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Diao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Bing Wang
- People’s Liberation Army 404 Hospital, Weihai, 264200 China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Limin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
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110
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Wicks K, Torbica T, Mace KA. Myeloid cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of the diabetic chronic wound. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:341-53. [PMID: 24954378 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes can promote a state of chronic inflammation associated with serious complications that are difficult to treat, including ulceration of the lower extremities and chronic wounds. Chronic wounds are often incurable and contribute to both a reduced quality of life for patients and an enormous burden for healthcare services. In diabetes, the inflammatory response early in wound healing is inappropriately amplified and prolonged, leading to the persistent presence in the wound of vastly elevated numbers of dysfunctional, hyperpolarised macrophages that fail to transition to a pro-healing phenotype. Recent evidence suggests that systemic chronic inflammation induces intrinsic defects in monocytes via chromatin modifications that may pre-programme monocytes to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, while the local wound environment inhibits differentiation to a pro-healing phenotype. Current understanding remains incomplete, and careful dissection of how local and systemic inflammation combine to negatively influence myeloid cell development will be key to developing effective therapies aimed at healing the diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Wicks
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Torbica
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly A Mace
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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111
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Gauttier V, Judor JP, Le Guen V, Cany J, Ferry N, Conchon S. Agonistic anti-CD137 antibody treatment leads to antitumor response in mice with liver cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2857-67. [PMID: 24789574 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed the therapeutic effects of stimulating CD137, a member of the TNF receptor family, with agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Agonistic anti-CD137 mAb treatment was tested on two in situ models of HCC in immunocompetent mice. We also studied the mediators involved at different time points. In an orthotopic HCC the treatment consistently leads to complete tumor regression in 40-60% of animals. The protection is long lasting in the animals responding to the treatment, which can reject a second tumor challenge more than 3 months after treatment and eradication of the first malignancy. The main mediators of the effect are T lymphocytes and NK cells, demonstrated through depletion experiments. In addition, adoptive transfer of splenocytes prepared from anti-CD137 mAb-treated and -cured mice to naive mice allowed them to, in turn, reject the tumor. The efficacy of anti-CD137 mAb treatment is associated with early, sustained recruitment of iNOS-positive macrophages within tumor nodules. Moreover, in the absence of treatment, tumor development is accompanied by infiltration by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T lymphocytes. In mice responding to the anti-CD137 mAb treatment, this infiltration is very limited, and a combination treatment with a depletion of MDSC leads to the recovery of 80% of the mice. These results demonstrate that agonistic anti-CD137 mAb is a promising therapeutic strategy for anti-tumor immunity stimulation against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gauttier
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
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Makki K, Taront S, Molendi-Coste O, Bouchaert E, Neve B, Eury E, Lobbens S, Labalette M, Duez H, Staels B, Dombrowicz D, Froguel P, Wolowczuk I. Beneficial metabolic effects of rapamycin are associated with enhanced regulatory cells in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92684. [PMID: 24710396 PMCID: PMC3977858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The “mechanistic target of rapamycin” (mTOR) is a central controller of growth, proliferation and/or motility of various cell-types ranging from adipocytes to immune cells, thereby linking metabolism and immunity. mTOR signaling is overactivated in obesity, promoting inflammation and insulin resistance. Therefore, great interest exists in the development of mTOR inhibitors as therapeutic drugs for obesity or diabetes. However, despite a plethora of studies characterizing the metabolic consequences of mTOR inhibition in rodent models, its impact on immune changes associated with the obese condition has never been questioned so far. To address this, we used a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with and without pharmacologic mTOR inhibition by rapamycin. Rapamycin was weekly administrated to HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice for 22 weeks. Metabolic effects were determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests and by indirect calorimetry measures of energy expenditure. Inflammatory response and immune cell populations were characterized in blood, adipose tissue and liver. In parallel, the activities of both mTOR complexes (e. g. mTORC1 and mTORC2) were determined in adipose tissue, muscle and liver. We show that rapamycin-treated mice are leaner, have enhanced energy expenditure and are protected against insulin resistance. These beneficial metabolic effects of rapamycin were associated to significant changes of the inflammatory profiles of both adipose tissue and liver. Importantly, immune cells with regulatory functions such as regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were increased in adipose tissue. These rapamycin-triggered metabolic and immune effects resulted from mTORC1 inhibition whilst mTORC2 activity was intact. Taken together, our results reinforce the notion that controlling immune regulatory cells in metabolic tissues is crucial to maintain a proper metabolic status and, more generally, comfort the need to search for novel pharmacological inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway to prevent and/or treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Makki
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Solenne Taront
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1011, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1011, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Bernadette Neve
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Elodie Eury
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- Immunology Institute, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille and Equipe d'Accueil (EA)2686, Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Duez
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1011, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1011, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1011, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PF); (IW)
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- * E-mail: (PF); (IW)
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113
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Xia S, Li X, Cheng L, Han M, Zhang M, Liu X, Xu H, Zhang M, Shao Q, Qi L. Chronic intake of high fish oil diet induces myeloid-derived suppressor cells to promote tumor growth. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:663-73. [PMID: 24691944 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched fish oil exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in animal models with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), comprised of myeloid progenitors and precursors of myeloid cells, play vital roles in cancer. How fish oil affects the generation of MDSCs and the tumor development remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that dietary intake of high fish oil diet suppresses CD8(+) T cells activation and proliferation in vivo via elevated levels of MDSCs. Mechanistically, high fish oil diet induces the expression of immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and promotes myelopoiesis in the spleen as well as other peripheral tissues. The immature myeloid cells in the spleen exhibit morphological and functional characteristics of MDSCs with the capability to downregulate CD8(+) T cells activation. Depletion of MDSCs using anti-Gr-1 antibody decreases the growth of subcutaneously transferred B16 melanoma in mice on high fish oil diet. Interestingly, diet-induced production of MDSCs is not solely dependent of the spleen, as splenectomy has no effect on the tumor progress. Our data show that the liver functions as an alternative extramedullary hematopoiesis organ to support MDSCs differentiation and maintain tumor growth. Taken together, our study provides a novel insight into the physiological effects of fish oil and points to MDSCs as a possible mediator linking dietary fish oil intake and immunosuppression in cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, 1519 Medical Building, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China,
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114
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Abstract
Obesity is now recognised as a low grade, chronic inflammatory disease that is linked to a myriad of disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). With respect to T2D, work in the last decade has revealed that cells of the immune system are recruited to white adipose tissue beds (WAT), where they can secrete cytokines to modulate metabolism within WAT. As many of these cytokines are known to impair insulin action, blocking the recruitment of immune cells has been purported to have therapeutic utility for the treatment of obesity-induced T2D. As inflammation is critical for host defence, and energy consuming in nature, the blockade of inflammatory processes may, however, result in unwanted complications. In this review, we outline the immunological changes that occur within the WAT with respect to systemic glucose homeostasis. In particular, we focus on the role of major immune cell types in regulating nutrient homeostasis and potential initiating stimuli for WAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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115
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Der E, Dimo J, Trigunaite A, Jones J, Jørgensen TN. Gr1+ cells suppress T-dependent antibody responses in (NZB x NZW)F1 male mice through inhibition of T follicular helper cells and germinal center formation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1570-6. [PMID: 24442428 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by elevated production of autoreactive Abs. The disease has a much higher prevalence in women than in men. Although testosterone has been shown to be protective in the disease, and estrogens exacerbating, the discrepancy in prevalence between men and women is still not well understood and the mechanism behind it is unknown. We have recently described that male (New Zealand black [NZB] × New Zealand white [NZW])F1 mice have higher levels of Gr1(+)CD11b(+) cells, and that these cells suppress autoantibody production in vivo. In this article, we extend our findings to show that similarly to humans, female lupus-prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice also respond with stronger Ab responses to thymus-dependent Ag immunization than male littermates. Furthermore, the presence or absence of Gr1-expressing cells not only control Ag-specific Ab responses in male, but not female, (NZB × NZW)F1 mice, but also significantly alter the activation and differentiation of CD4(+) T cells in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we found that Gr1(+) cells from male (NZB × NZW)F1 mice suppress the differentiation and effector function of CXCR5(+)PD-1(+) T follicular helper cells, thereby controlling germinal center formation and plasma cell differentiation. This new finding strongly supports efforts to develop new drugs that target myeloid cell subsets in a number of T and B cell-mediated diseases with a female predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Der
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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116
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Conine SJ, Cross JV. MIF deficiency does not alter glucose homeostasis or adipose tissue inflammatory cell infiltrates during diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:418-25. [PMID: 23804488 PMCID: PMC3809343 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels have been shown to positively correlate with body mass index (BMI) in humans. Our objective in this study was to determine the effects of MIF deficiency in a model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS MIF wild type (MIF WT) and MIF deficient (MIF(-/-)) C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for up to 15 weeks. Weight and metabolic responses were measured over the course of the disease. Immune cell infiltrates in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS There was no difference in weight gain or adipose tissue mass in MIF(-/-) mice compared to MIF WT mice. Both groups fed HFD developed glucose intolerance at the same rate and had similar elevations in fasted blood insulin. MDSC abundance was evaluated and showed no MIF-dependent differences. Macrophages were elevated in the visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, but there was no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS While HFD feeding induced obesity with the expected perturbations in glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue inflammation, the presence or absence of MIF had no effect on any parameter examined.
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117
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Adipose tissue in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance: cells, cytokines, and chemokines. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:139239. [PMID: 24455420 PMCID: PMC3881510 DOI: 10.1155/2013/139239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex organ that comprises a wide range of cell types with diverse energy storage, metabolic regulation, and neuroendocrine and immune functions. Because it contains various immune cells, either adaptive (B and T lymphocytes; such as regulatory T cells) or innate (mostly macrophages and, more recently identified, myeloid-derived suppressor cells), the adipose tissue is now considered as a bona fide immune organ, at the cross-road between metabolism and immunity. Adipose tissue disorders, such as those encountered in obesity and lipodystrophy, cause alterations to adipose tissue distribution and function with broad effects on cytokine, chemokine, and hormone expression, on lipid storage, and on the composition of adipose-resident immune cell populations. The resulting changes appear to induce profound consequences for basal systemic inflammation and insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current literature on adipose cell composition remodeling in obesity, which shows how adipose-resident immune cells regulate inflammation and insulin resistance—notably through cytokine and chemokine secretion—and highlights major research questions in the field.
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118
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Hegde VL, Tomar S, Jackson A, Rao R, Yang X, Singh UP, Singh NP, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Distinct microRNA expression profile and targeted biological pathways in functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells induced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in vivo: regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α by microRNA-690. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36810-26. [PMID: 24202177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.503037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major bioactive component of marijuana, has been shown to induce functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in vivo. Here, we studied the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in this process. CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) MDSCs were purified from peritoneal exudates of mice administered with THC and used for genome-wide miRNA profiling. Expression of CD31 and Ki-67 confirmed that the THC-MDSCs were immature and proliferating. THC-induced MDSCs exhibited distinct miRNA expression signature relative to various myeloid cells and BM precursors. We identified 13 differentially expressed (>2-fold) miRNA in THC-MDSCs relative to control BM precursors. In silico target prediction for these miRNA and pathway analysis using multiple bioinformatics tools revealed significant overrepresentation of Gene Ontology clusters within hematopoiesis, myeloid cell differentiation, and regulation categories. Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling involved in cell growth and proliferation, and myeloid differentiation pathways were among the most significantly enriched canonical pathways. Among the differentially expressed, miRNA-690 was highly overexpressed in THC-MDSCs (∼16-fold). Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) was identified as a potential functional target of miR-690. Supporting this, C/EBPα expression was attenuated in THC-MDSCs as compared with BM precursors and exhibited an inverse relation with miR-690. miR-690 knockdown using peptide nucleic acid-antagomiR was able to unblock and significantly increase C/EBPα expression establishing the functional link. Further, CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(+) and CD11b(+)Ly6G(-)Ly6C(+) purified subtypes showed high levels of miR-690 with attenuated C/EBPα expression. Moreover, EL-4 tumor-elicited MDSCs showed increased miR-690 expression. In conclusion, miRNA are significantly altered during the generation of functional MDSC from BM. Select miRNA such as miR-690 targeting genes involved in myeloid expansion and differentiation likely play crucial roles in this process and therefore in cannabinoid-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh L Hegde
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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119
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Nagaraj S, Youn JI, Gabrilovich DI. Reciprocal relationship between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:17-23. [PMID: 23794702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that play a major role in the regulation of immune responses in many pathological conditions. These cells have a common myeloid origin, relatively immature state, common genetic and biochemical profiles, and, most importantly, the ability to inhibit immune responses. Although initial studies of MDSCs were almost exclusively performed in tumor-bearing mice or cancer patients, in recent years, it became clear that MDSCs play a critical role in the regulation of different types of inflammation that are not directly associated with cancer. In this review we discuss the nature of the complex relationship between MDSCs and the different populations of CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nagaraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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120
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Sarkar J, Chaudhary S, Jassim SH, Ozturk O, Chamon W, Ganesh B, Tibrewal S, Gandhi S, Byun YS, Hallak J, Mahmud DL, Mahmud N, Rondelli D, Jain S. CD11b+GR1+ myeloid cells secrete NGF and promote trigeminal ganglion neurite growth: implications for corneal nerve regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:5920-36. [PMID: 23942970 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We characterized fluorescent bone marrow cells (YFP(+) BMCs) in the thy1-YFP mouse and determine if they promote trigeminal ganglion (TG) cell neurite growth. METHODS Excimer laser annular keratectomy was performed in thy1-YFP mice, and corneas were imaged. BMCs were harvested from femur and tibia, and the expression of surface markers on YFP(+) BMCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. The immunosuppressive action of BMCs (YFP(+) and YFP(-)) was evaluated in an allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Neurotrophic action of BMCs (YFP(+) and YFP(-)) was determined in compartmental and transwell cultures of dissociated TG cells. RESULTS Following annular keratectomy, YFP(+) BMCs infiltrated the cornea. YFP(+) BMCs shared surface markers (CD11b+Gr1+Ly6C+Ly6G-F4/80(low)) with monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), had similar morphology, and suppressed T-cell proliferation in allogenic MLR in a dose-dependent manner. YFP(+) BMCs, but not YFP(-) BMCs, significantly increased growth of TG neurites in vitro. When cultured in a transwell with TG neurites, YFP(+) BMCs expressed neurotrophins and secreted nerve growth factor (NGF) in conditioned medium. YFP(+) BMCs that infiltrated the cornea maintained their phenotype and actions (neuronal and immune). CONCLUSIONS YFP(+) BMCs in thy1-YFP mice have immunophenotypic features of MDSCs. They secrete NGF and promote neuroregeneration. Their immunosuppressive and neurotrophic actions are preserved after corneal infiltration. These findings increase our understanding of the beneficial roles played by leukocyte trafficking in the cornea and may lead to therapeutic strategies that use NGF-secreting myeloid cells to repair diseased or injured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Forrester JV, Steptoe RJ, Klaska IP, Martin-Granados C, Dua HS, Degli-Esposti MA, Wikstrom ME. Cell-based therapies for ocular inflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 35:82-101. [PMID: 23542232 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the plasticity and the potential for re-programming cells has become widely accepted, there has been great interest in cell-based therapies. These are being applied to a range of diseases, not least ocular diseases, where it is assumed that there is a reduced risk of immune rejection although this may be more perceived than real. There are two broad classes of cell-based therapies: those aimed at restoring structure and function of specific tissues and cells; and those directed towards restoring immunological homeostasis by controlling the damaging effects of inflammatory disease. Stem cells of all types represent the first group and prototypically have been used with the aim of regenerating failing cells. In contrast, immune cells have been suggested as potential modulators of inflammation. However, there is functional overlap in these two applications, with some types of stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrating a potent immunomodulatory effect. This review summarises recent information on cell based therapies for ocular disease, with special emphasis on ocular inflammatory disease, and explores current uses, potential and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Forrester
- Immunology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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122
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Endocrine, metabolic, and morphologic alterations of adipose tissue during critical illness. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:317-25. [PMID: 23135416 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318265f21c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies report lower mortality in obese than in lean critically ill patients, an association referred to as the "obesity paradox." This may suggest a possible protective role for adipose tissue during severe illness. DATA SOURCES Relevant publications were identified based on searches in PubMed and on secondary searches of their bibliographies. DATA SYNTHESIS The endocrine functions of adipose tissue might play a role in the adaptation to critical illness. In the acute phase of illness, the anti-inflammatory adiponectin is reduced, whereas proinflammatory cytokine expression in adipose tissue is up-regulated. In the prolonged phase of critical illness, both adiponectin and anti-inflammatory cytokine production are increasing. Studies on the proinflammatory adipokine leptin during critical illness are inconsistent, possibly due to confounders such as gender, body mass index, and feeding. Morphologically, adipose tissue of critically ill patients reveals an increased number of newly differentiated, smaller adipocytes. Accentuated macrophage accumulation showing a phenotypic switch to M2-type suggests an adaptive response to the microenvironment of severe illness. Functionally, adipose tissue of critically ill patients develops an increased ability to store glucose and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Endocrine, metabolic, and morphologic properties of adipose tissue change during critical illness. These alterations may suggest a possible adaptive, protective role in optimizing chances of survival. More research is needed to understand the exact role of adipose tissue in lean vs. obese critically ill patients, in order to understand how illness-associated alterations contribute to the obesity paradox.
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Snyder-Cappione JE, Nikolajczyk BS. When diet and exercise are not enough, think immunomodulation. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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124
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Wang H, Chan YL, Li TL, Bauer BA, Hsia S, Wang CH, Huang JS, Wang HM, Yeh KY, Huang TH, Wu GJ, Wu CJ. Reduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52912. [PMID: 23349693 PMCID: PMC3551929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) abnormally increase in cancer cachectic patients. Suppressions of Tregs and MDSCs may enhance anti-tumor immunity for cancer patients. Fish oil and selenium have been known to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Whether fish oil and/or selenium have an additional effect on population of immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing hosts remained elusive and controversial. To gain insights into their roles on anti-tumor immunity, we studied the fish oil- and/or selenium-mediated tumor suppression and immunity on lung carcinoma, whereof cachexia develops. Advancement of cachexia in a murine lung cancer model manifested with such indicative symptoms as weight loss, chronic inflammation and disturbed immune functionality. The elevation of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens of tumor-bearing mice was positively correlated with tumor burdens. Consumption of either fish oil or selenium had little or no effect on the levels of Tregs and MDSCs. However, consumption of both fish oil and selenium together presented a synergistic effect-The population of Tregs and MDSCs decreased as opposed to increase of anti-tumor immunity when both fish oil and selenium were supplemented simultaneously, whereby losses of body weight and muscle/fat mass were alleviated significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brent A. Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Simon Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Seng Huang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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125
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Okwan-Duodu D, Umpierrez GE, Brawley OW, Diaz R. Obesity-driven inflammation and cancer risk: role of myeloid derived suppressor cells and alternately activated macrophages. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:21-33. [PMID: 23359288 PMCID: PMC3555202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, tumors induce dysfunctional development of hematopoietic cells. Myeloid lineage cells, in the form of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and alternatively polarized M2 macrophages, influence almost all types of cancers by regulating diverse facets of immunosuppression, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, growth and metastasis. One-third of Americans are obese, and accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for various cancers. However, the relationship between these immune players and obesity are not well-described. In this review, we evaluate potential mechanisms through which different aspects of obesity, namely insulin resistance, increased estrogen, adiposity and low grade chronic inflammation from adipose tissue macrophages, may coalesce to promote MDSC induction and M2 macrophage polarization, thereby facilitating cancer development. Detailed understanding of the interplay between obesity and myeloid mediated immunosuppression may provide novel avenues for therapeutic targeting, with the goal to reduce the challenge obesity presents towards gains made in cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta GA USA 30322
| | | | - Otis W Brawley
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta GA USA 30322
| | - Roberto Diaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta GA USA 30322
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Bonaterra GA, Zügel S, Thogersen J, Walter SA, Haberkorn U, Strelau J, Kinscherf R. Growth differentiation factor-15 deficiency inhibits atherosclerosis progression by regulating interleukin-6-dependent inflammatory response to vascular injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e002550. [PMID: 23316317 PMCID: PMC3540664 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a distant and divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily (TGF-β) . There is growing evidence indicating the involvement of GDF-15 in various pathologies. Expression of GDF-15 is induced under conditions of inflammation and increased GDF-15 serum levels are suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS We show here that GDF-15 and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 levels are highly increased (5-fold) in cultured oxidized low-density lipoproteins-stimulated peritoneal macrophages derived from GDF-15(+/+)/apolipoprotein (apo) E(-/-), mice. Notably, IL-6 induction on oxidized low-density lipoproteins stimulation is completely abolished in the absence of GDF-15. Consistent with our in vitro data GDF-15 mRNA expression and protein levels are upregulated (2.5- to 6-fold) in the atherosclerotic vessel wall of GDF-15(+/+)/apoE(-/-) mice after a cholesterol-enriched diet. GDF-15 deficiency inhibits lumen stenosis (52%) and (18)FDG uptake (34%) in the aortic arch despite increased serum triglyceride/cholesterol levels and elevated body weight. Immunohistomorphometric investigations of atherosclerotic lesions reveal a decreased percentage of inflammatory CD11b(+) (57%) or IL-6(+), leukocytes, and apoptotic cells (74%) after 20 weeks. However, the total number of macrophages and cell density in atherosclerotic lesions of the innominate artery are increased in GDF-15(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GDF-15 is involved in orchestrating atherosclerotic lesion progression by regulating apoptotic cell death and IL-6-dependent inflammatory responses to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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127
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Roth Flach RJ, Matevossian A, Akie TE, Negrin KA, Paul MT, Czech MP. β3-Adrenergic receptor stimulation induces E-selectin-mediated adipose tissue inflammation. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:2882-92. [PMID: 23235150 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.412346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation induced by wound healing or infection activates local vascular endothelial cells to mediate leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and extravasation by up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules such as E-selectin and P-selectin. Obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation has been suggested to cause insulin resistance, but weight loss and lipolysis also promote adipose tissue immune responses. While leukocyte-endothelial interactions are required for obesity-induced inflammation of adipose tissue, it is not known whether lipolysis-induced inflammation requires activation of endothelial cells. Here, we show that β(3)-adrenergic receptor stimulation by CL 316,243 promotes adipose tissue neutrophil infiltration in wild type and P-selectin-null mice but not in E-selectin-null mice. Increased expression of adipose tissue cytokines IL-1β, CCL2, and TNF-α in response to CL 316,243 administration is also dependent upon E-selectin but not P-selectin. In contrast, fasting increases adipose-resident macrophages but not neutrophils, and does not activate adipose-resident endothelium. Thus, two models of lipolysis-induced inflammation induce distinct immune cell populations within adipose tissue and exhibit distinct dependences on endothelial activation. Importantly, our results indicate that β(3)-adrenergic stimulation acts through up-regulation of E-selectin in adipose tissue endothelial cells to induce neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Roth Flach
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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128
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González-Terán B, Cortés JR, Manieri E, Matesanz N, Verdugo Á, Rodríguez ME, González-Rodríguez Á, Valverde ÁM, Valverde Á, Martín P, Davis RJ, Sabio G. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 controls TNF-α translation in LPS-induced hepatitis. J Clin Invest 2012. [PMID: 23202732 DOI: 10.1172/jci65124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial LPS (endotoxin) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute liver disease through its induction of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. TNF-α is a key determinant of the outcome in a well-established mouse model of acute liver failure during septic shock. One possible mechanism for regulating TNF-α expression is through the control of protein elongation during translation, which would allow rapid cell adaptation to physiological changes. However, the regulation of translational elongation is poorly understood. We found that expression of p38γ/δ MAPK proteins is required for the elongation of nascent TNF-α protein in macrophages. The MKK3/6-p38γ/δ pathway mediated an inhibitory phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase, which in turn promoted eEF2 activation (dephosphorylation) and subsequent TNF-α elongation. These results identify a new signaling pathway that regulates TNF-α production in LPS-induced liver damage and suggest potential cell-specific therapeutic targets for liver diseases in which TNF-α production is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara González-Terán
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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129
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Ma C, Kapanadze T, Gamrekelashvili J, Manns MP, Korangy F, Greten TF. Anti-Gr-1 antibody depletion fails to eliminate hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:1199-206. [PMID: 23077247 PMCID: PMC3501895 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0212059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that the liver is a preferred organ for the accumulation of MDSC. In this study, we examined the effect of systemic RB6-8C5 treatment on hepatic MDSC in tumor-bearing mice. EL4 tumor-bearing mice were injected i.p. with RB6-8C5, and hepatic, splenic, and blood MDSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Unexpectedly, hepatic MDSC remained in the liver, although RB6-8C5 completely eliminated them from the spleen and peripheral blood 24 h after treatment. Secondary antibody staining confirmed the presence of RB6-8C5-bound MDSC in the liver of mice with s.c. tumors. Similar observations were made in two other (colon and melanoma) tumor models. Whereas RB6-8C5 injection induced cell death of hepatic MDSC, as shown by Annexin V/7-AAD staining, these cells were replaced immediately, leading to a constant, increased frequency of hepatic MDSC. Adoptively transferred MDSC migrated preferentially to the liver after RB6-8C5 treatment, suggesting that hepatic MDSCs are reconstituted rapidly after depletion. Finally, hepatic MDSC remained immunosuppressive despite RB6-8C5 injection. Our study demonstrates that RB6-8C5 is not suitable for depletion of hepatic MDSCs and analysis of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Tamar Kapanadze
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Tim F. Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
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130
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Palvinskaya T, Antkowiak M, Burg E, Lenox CC, Ubags N, Cramer A, Rincón M, Dixon AE, Fessler MB, Poynter ME, Suratt BT. Effects of acute and chronic low density lipoprotein exposure on neutrophil function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:405-11. [PMID: 23084986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that obesity and the metabolic syndrome have significant but often divergent effects on the innate immune system. These effects have been best established in monocytes and macrophages, particularly as a consequence of the hypercholesterolemic state. We have recently described defects in neutrophil function in the setting of both obesity and hypercholesterolemia, and hypothesized that exposure to elevated levels of lipoproteins, particularly LDL its oxidized forms, contributed to these defects. As a model of chronic cholesterol exposure, we examined functional responses of bone marrow neutrophils isolated from non-obese mice with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia compared to normal cholesterol controls. Chemotaxis, calcium flux, CD11b display, and F-actin polymerization were assayed in response to several chemoattractants, while neutrophil cytokine transcriptional response was determined to LPS. Following this, the acute effects of isolated LDL and its oxidized forms on normal neutrophils were assayed using the same functional assays. We found that neutrophils from non-obese hypercholesterolemic mice had blunted chemotaxis, altered calcium flux, and normal to augmented CD11b display with prolonged actin polymerization in response to stimuli. In response to acute exposure to lipoproteins, neutrophils showed chemotaxis to LDL which increased with the degree of LDL oxidation. Paradoxically, LDL oxidation yielded the opposite effect on LDL-induced CD11b display and actin polymerization, and both native and oxidized LDL were found to induce neutrophil transcription of the monocyte chemoattractant MCP-1. Together these findings suggest that chronic hypercholesterolemia impairs neutrophil functional responses, and these defects may be in part due to protracted signaling responses to LDL and its oxidized forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Palvinskaya
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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131
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Srivastava MK, Zhu L, Harris-White M, Kar U, Huang M, Johnson MF, Lee JM, Elashoff D, Strieter R, Dubinett S, Sharma S. Myeloid suppressor cell depletion augments antitumor activity in lung cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40677. [PMID: 22815789 PMCID: PMC3398024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are important regulators of immune responses. We evaluated the mechanistic role of MDSC depletion on antigen presenting cell (APC), NK, T cell activities and therapeutic vaccination responses in murine models of lung cancer. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Individual antibody mediated depletion of MDSC (anti-Gr1 or anti-Ly6G) enhanced the antitumor activity against lung cancer. In comparison to controls, MDSC depletion enhanced the APC activity and increased the frequency and activity of the NK and T cell effectors in the tumor. Compared to controls, the anti-Gr1 or anti-Ly6G treatment led to increased: (i) CD8 T cells, (ii) NK cells, (iii) CD8 T or NK intracytoplasmic expression of IFNγ, perforin and granzyme (iv) CD3 T cells expressing the activation marker CD107a and CXCR3, (v) reduced CD8 T cell IL-10 production in the tumors (vi) reduced tumor angiogenic (VEGF, CXCL2, CXCL5, and Angiopoietin1&2) but enhanced anti-angiogenic (CXCL9 and CXCL10) expression and (vii) reduced tumor staining of endothelial marker Meca 32. Immunocytochemistry of tumor sections showed reduced Gr1 expressing cells with increased CD3 T cell infiltrates in the anti-Gr1 or anti-Ly6G groups. MDSC depletion led to a marked inhibition in tumor growth, enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and reduced migration of the tumors from the primary site to the lung compared to controls. Therapeutic vaccination responses were enhanced in vivo following MDSC depletion with 50% of treated mice completely eradicating established tumors. Treated mice that rejected their primary tumors acquired immunological memory against a secondary tumor challenge. The remaining 50% of mice in this group had 20 fold reductions in tumor burden compared to controls. SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrate that targeting MDSC can improve antitumor immune responses suggesting a broad applicability of combined immune based approaches against cancer. This multifaceted approach may prove useful against tumors where MDSC play a role in tumor immune evasion.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu K. Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marni Harris-White
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Upendra Kar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Min Huang
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ming F. Johnson
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jay M. Lee
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Strieter
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sherven Sharma
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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132
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Luzina IG, Keegan AD, Heller NM, Rook GAW, Shea-Donohue T, Atamas SP. Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of "alternatives". J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:753-64. [PMID: 22782966 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of IL-4 have revealed a wealth of information on the diverse roles of this cytokine in homeostatic regulation and disease pathogenesis. Recent data suggest that instead of simple linear regulatory pathways, IL-4 drives regulation that is full of alternatives. In addition to the well-known dichotomous regulation of Th cell differentiation by IL-4, this cytokine is engaged in several other alternative pathways. Its own production involves alternative mRNA splicing, yielding at least two functional isoforms: full-length IL-4, encoded by the IL-4 gene exons 1-4, and IL-4δ2, encoded by exons 1, 3, and 4. The functional effects of these two isoforms are in some ways similar but in other ways quite distinct. When binding to the surface of target cells, IL-4 may differentially engage two different types of receptors. By acting on macrophages, a cell type critically involved in inflammation, IL-4 induces the so-called alternative macrophage activation. In this review, recent advances in understanding these three IL-4-related branch points--alternative splicing of IL-4, differential receptor engagement by IL-4, and differential regulation of macrophage activation by IL-4--are summarized in light of their contributions to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Luzina
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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133
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Brudecki L, Ferguson DA, McCall CE, El Gazzar M. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells evolve during sepsis and can enhance or attenuate the systemic inflammatory response. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2026-34. [PMID: 22451518 PMCID: PMC3370575 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00239-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous Gr1(+) CD11b(+) population of immature cells containing granulocytic and monocytic progenitors, which expand under nearly all inflammatory conditions and are potent repressors of T-cell responses. Studies of MDSCs during inflammatory responses, including sepsis, suggest they can protect or injure. Here, we investigated MDSCs during early and late sepsis. To do this, we used our published murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis, which transitions from an early proinflammatory phase to a late anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive phase. We confirmed that Gr1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs gradually increase after CLP, reaching ∼88% of the bone marrow myeloid series in late sepsis. Adoptive transfer of early (day 3) MDSCs from septic mice into naive mice after CLP increased proinflammatory cytokine production, decreased peritoneal bacterial growth, and increased early mortality. Conversely, transfer of late (day 12) MDSCs from septic mice had the opposite effects. Early and late MDSCs studied ex vivo also differed in their inflammatory phenotypes. Early MDSCs expressed nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines, whereas late MDSCs expressed arginase activity and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Late MDSCs had more immature CD31(+) myeloid progenitors and, when treated ex vivo with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), generated fewer macrophages and dendritic cells than early MDSCs. We conclude that as the sepsis inflammatory process progresses, the heterogeneous MDSCs shift to a more immature state and from being proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald A. Ferguson
- Microbiology, East Tennessee State University College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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134
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Ji Y, Sun S, Xia S, Yang L, Li X, Qi L. Short term high fat diet challenge promotes alternative macrophage polarization in adipose tissue via natural killer T cells and interleukin-4. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24378-86. [PMID: 22645141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.371807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated complications. However, the detailed cellular events underlying the inflammatory changes at the onset of obesity have not been characterized. Here we show that an acute HFD challenge is unexpectedly associated with elevated alternative (M2) macrophage polarization in adipose tissue mediated by Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. Upon 4d HFD feeding, NKT cells are activated, promote M2 macrophage polarization and induce arginase 1 expression via interleukin (IL)-4 in adipose tissue, not in the liver. In NKT-deficient CD1d(-/-) mice, M2 macrophage polarization in adipose tissue is reduced while systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance are impaired upon 4d HFD challenge. Thus, our study demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that acute HFD feeding is associated with remarkably pronounced and dynamic immune responses in adipose tissue, and adipose-resident NKT cells may link acute HFD feeding with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ji
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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135
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Abstract
The fields of immunology and metabolism are rapidly converging on adipose tissue. During obesity, many immune cells infiltrate or populate in adipose tissue and promote a low-grade chronic inflammation. Studies to date have suggested that perturbation of inflammation is critically linked to nutrient metabolic pathways and to obesity-associated complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Despite these advances, however, many open questions remain including how inflammatory responses are initiated and maintained, how nutrients impact the function of various immune populations, and how inflammatory responses affect systemic insulin sensitivity. Here we review recent studies on the roles of various immune cells at different phases of obesity and discuss molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-associated inflammation. Better understanding of the events occurring in adipose tissue will provide insights into the pathophysiological role of inflammation in obesity and shed light on the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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136
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Ji Y, Sun S, Xu A, Bhargava P, Yang L, Lam KSL, Gao B, Lee CH, Kersten S, Qi L. Activation of natural killer T cells promotes M2 Macrophage polarization in adipose tissue and improves systemic glucose tolerance via interleukin-4 (IL-4)/STAT6 protein signaling axis in obesity. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13561-71. [PMID: 22396530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.350066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are important therapeutic targets in various disease models and are under clinical trials for cancer patients. However, their function in obesity and type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Our data show that adipose tissues of both mice and humans contain a population of type 1 NKT cells, whose abundance decreases with increased adiposity and insulin resistance. Although loss-of-function of NKT cells had no effect on glucose tolerance in animals with prolonged high fat diet feeding, activation of NKT cells by lipid agonist α-galactosylceramide enhances alternative macrophage polarization in adipose tissue and improves glucose homeostasis in animals at different stages of obesity. Furthermore, the effect of NKT cells is largely mediated by the IL-4/STAT6 signaling axis in obese adipose tissue. Thus, our data identify a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity-associated inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ji
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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