101
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Attafi IM, Bakheet SA, Korashy HM. The role of NF-κB and AhR transcription factors in lead-induced lung toxicity in human lung cancer A549 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:197-207. [PMID: 31682781 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1687629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is recognized as the first heavy metal of the top six toxic air pollutants threatening human health and the second hazardous substance. Pb exposure is associated with lung impairment and high incidences of lung cancer. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways are known to be expressed and play an important role in the lung. However, the link between Pb lung toxicity and NF-κB and/or AhR pathways remains unclear. This study was established to explore the role of NF-κB and AhR modulation in Pb-induced lung toxicity in human lung cancer A549 cells. In the current study, treatment of A549 cells with Pb significantly induced cell apoptosis as evidenced by increasing a) the percentage of cells underwent apoptosis determined by flow cytometry and b) p53 mRNA level. Pb treatment induced oxidative stress by a) increasing the formation of reactive oxygen species and b) decreasing GSTA1 mRNA levels. The toxic effects of Pb on the lung was associated with significant increases in NF-κB and AhR levels which was accompanied with increases in downstream targets genes, iNOS and CYP1A1, respectively. Inhibition of NF-κB or AhR either chemically using resveratrol or genetically using small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly rescued A549 cells from Pb-mediated lung toxicity. The results clearly indicate that Pb-mediated lung toxicities are NF-κB and AhR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem M Attafi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Poison Control & Medical Forensic Chemistry Center, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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102
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Li H, Li W, Wang Q. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production through aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor-κB signaling in oral epithelial cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:236. [PMID: 31684930 PMCID: PMC6829944 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiinflammatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) has been reported in periodontitis, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Oral epithelial cells are recently highlighted as an important regulator of inflammation in this disease. This in vitro study was established to investigate the effect of 1,25D3 on key proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 production and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in oral epithelial cells upon the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontal pathogens. Methods OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were incubated with LPS and different concentrations of 1,25D3, and levels of IL-6 production were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), and activation of AhR was examined using western blot analysis, and phosphorylation of NF-κB was detected using cell-based protein phosphorylation ELISA. Results 1,25D3 inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 overexpression in OKF6/TERT-2 cells. Additionally, 1,25D3 increased VDR expression and AhR activation, and repressed NF-κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, 1,25D3 suppressed IL-6 expression and enhanced VDR expression and regulated AhR/NF-κB signaling activation in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that 1,25D3 may inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 overexpression in human oral epithelial cells through AhR/NF-κB signaling. Our findings may provide an explanation for the antiinflammatory effect and therapeutic benefit of 1,25D3 in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 24876 Taylor Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
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103
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Li H, Zhong X, Li W, Wang Q. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on experimental periodontitis and AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a mouse model. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180713. [PMID: 31691738 PMCID: PMC6831029 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been known to have important regulatory functions in inflammation and immune response and shows inhibitory effects on experimental periodontitis in animal models. However, the potential mechanism has yet to be clarified. Recent studies have highlighted Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its downstream signaling as a crucial regulator of immune homeostasis and inflammatory regulation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) on experimental periodontitis and AhR/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in the gingival epithelium in a murine model. METHODOLOGY We induced periodontitis in male C57BL/6 wild-type mice by oral inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and subsequently gave intraperitoneal VD3 injection to the mice every other day for 8 weeks. Afterwards, we examined the alveolar bone using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and detected the gingival epithelial protein using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS SEM images demonstrated that alveolar bone loss was reduced in the periodontitis mouse model after VD3 supplementation. Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical staining of the gingival epithelium showed that the expression of vitamin D receptor, AhR and its downstream cytochrome P450 1A1 were enhanced upon VD3 application. Additionally, VD3 decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate the alleviation of periodontitis and the alteration of AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by VD3 in the mouse model. The attenuation of this periodontal disease may correlate with the regulation of AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by VD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Guangxi Medical University, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, China
| | - Xinghua Zhong
- Guangxi Medical University, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, China
| | - Wei Li
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China
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104
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Tsay TB, Chen PH, Chen LW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands enhance lung immunity through intestinal IKKβ pathways. J Transl Med 2019; 17:304. [PMID: 31488203 PMCID: PMC6727541 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is common in intensive care units and has become a global problem. Here, we determined the effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) stimulation on antibiotics-induced systemic defense impairment and its mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice received combined antibiotics with or without Ahr ligands (tryptophan and indole), or dead Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation. The defense mechanisms against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lung were examined. RESULTS Antibiotic treatments decreased the phagocytic activity, physiological activity, and the peroxynitrite production of alveolar macrophage (AMs). It also enhanced P. aeruginosa pneumonia-induced bacterial counts in the lung. Tryptophan and dead L. plantarum supplementation reversed antibiotic-induced intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) as well as IL-6 expression, and increased P. aeruginosa pneumonia-induced bacterial counts in the lung and increased phagocytic activity and peroxynitrite production of AMs. Moreover, these treatments reversed the antibiotics-induced reduction of Ahr expression, antibacterial proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NF-κB DNA binding activity of the intestinal mucosa and plasma IL-6 levels. P. aeruginosa counts increased and phagocytic activity of AMs and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased in intestinal IKKβ depleted mice. Antibiotics, antibiotic with tryptophan feeding, or antibiotic with dead L. plantarum feeding treatments did not change the phagocytic activity and peroxynitrite production of AMs, plasma IL-6 levels, and the expression of Ahr of intestine in intestinal IKKβ depleted mice. CONCLUSION Antibiotic treatment impairs lung immune defenses by decreasing Ahr expression in the intestine and peroyxnitrite production of the AMs. Ahr ligands reverses antibiotic-induced lung defense against bacterial infection through intestinal ROS production and NF-κB activation. The gut is critical in maintaining lung defense mechanism through the intestinal IKKβ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Bin Tsay
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Zuoying Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Ta-chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Ta-chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No.70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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105
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Minzaghi D, Pavel P, Dubrac S. Xenobiotic Receptors and Their Mates in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4234. [PMID: 31470652 PMCID: PMC6747412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease worldwide. It is a chronic, relapsing and pruritic skin disorder which results from epidermal barrier abnormalities and immune dysregulation, both modulated by environmental factors. AD is strongly associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in the so-called 'atopic march.' Xenobiotic receptors and their mates are ligand-activated transcription factors expressed in the skin where they control cellular detoxification pathways. Moreover, they regulate the expression of genes in pathways involved in AD in epithelial cells and immune cells. Activation or overexpression of xenobiotic receptors in the skin can be deleterious or beneficial, depending on context, ligand and activation duration. Moreover, their impact on skin might be amplified by crosstalk among xenobiotic receptors and their mates. Because they are activated by a broad range of endogenous molecules, drugs and pollutants owing to their promiscuous ligand affinity, they have recently crystalized the attention of researchers, including in dermatology and especially in the AD field. This review examines the putative roles of these receptors in AD by critically evaluating the conditions under which the proteins and their ligands have been studied. This information should provide new insights into AD pathogenesis and ways to develop new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Minzaghi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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106
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Muku GE, Murray IA, Perdew GH. Activation of the Ah Receptor Modulates Gastrointestinal Homeostasis and the Intestinal Microbiome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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107
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Neavin DR, Lee JH, Liu D, Ye Z, Li H, Wang L, Ordog T, Weinshilboum RM. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at a Distance from Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Binding Sites Influence AHR Ligand-Dependent Gene Expression. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:983-994. [PMID: 31292129 PMCID: PMC7184190 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater than 90% of significant genome-wide association study (GWAS) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are in noncoding regions of the genome, but only 25.6% are known expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Therefore, the function of many significant GWAS SNPs remains unclear. We have identified a novel type of eQTL for which SNPs distant from ligand-activated transcription factor (TF) binding sites can alter target gene expression in a SNP genotype-by-ligand–dependent fashion that we refer to as pharmacogenomic eQTLs (PGx-eQTLs)—loci that may have important pharmacotherapeutic implications. In the present study, we integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq with RNA-seq and SNP genotype data for a panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines to identify 10 novel cis PGx-eQTLs dependent on the ligand-activated TF aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)—a critical environmental sensor for xenobiotic (drug) and immune response. Those 10 cis PGx-eQTLs were eQTLs only after AHR ligand treatment, even though the SNPs did not create/destroy an AHR response element—the DNA sequence motif recognized and bound by AHR. Additional functional studies in multiple cell lines demonstrated that some cis PGx-eQTLs are functional in multiple cell types, whereas others displayed SNP-by-ligand–dependent effects in just one cell type. Furthermore, four of those cis PGx-eQTLs had previously been associated with clinical phenotypes, indicating that those loci might have the potential to inform clinical decisions. Therefore, SNPs across the genome that are distant from TF binding sites for ligand-activated TFs might function as PGx-eQTLs and, as a result, might have important clinical implications for interindividual variation in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Neavin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Duan Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hu Li
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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108
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Kim HY, Yoo TH, Cho JY, Kim HC, Lee WW. Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages. FASEB J 2019; 33:10844-10858. [PMID: 31284759 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900730r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite the crucial role of uremia-related immune dysfunction, a majority of studies attempting to elucidate its pathogenic role in CVD have focused on IS-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in IS-induced production of TNF-α, a major cardiotoxic cytokine, by human macrophages. We found that crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)2 is important for TNF-α production in IS-stimulated human macrophages. IS-activated AhR rapidly associates with the p65 NF-κB subunit, resulting in mutual inhibition of AhR and NF-κB and inhibition of TNF-α production at an early time point. Later, this repression of TNF-α production is alleviated when SOCS2, a negative modulator of NF-κB, is directly induced by IS-activated AhR. In addition, once free of inhibition, activated AhR induces TNF-α expression by interacting with AhR binding sites in the TNF-α gene. Lastly, we confirmed decreased AhR and increased SOCS2 expression in monocytes of patients with end-stage renal disease, indicating the activation of AhR. Taken together, our results suggest that IS-induced TNF-α production in macrophages is regulated through a complicated mechanism involving interaction of AhR, NF-κB, and SOCS2.-Kim, H. Y., Yoo, T.-H., Cho, J.-Y., Kim, H. C., Lee, W.-W. Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Cancer Research Institute
| | | | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine-Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Cancer Research Institute.,Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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109
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Liu X, Zhang L, Li J, Wang J, Meng G, Chi M, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Relative Effect Potency Estimates for Dioxin-Like Compounds in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Glucose Outcomes Based on a Nested Case-control Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7792-7802. [PMID: 31149810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To improve the applicability of the toxic equivalents principle for human health risk assessment, systemic relative effect potencies (REPs) for dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) deriving from human in vivo data are required. A prospective nested case-control study was performed to determine REPs from the human serum concentration of DLCs using gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) as the end points of concern. Serum concentration of 29 DLCs from 77 cases and 154 controls were measured. Logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the effects of individual congeners on GDM and FBG, respectively. The REPs based on GDM and FBG were calculated from the ratios of regression coefficients, βi (DLCs)/βTCDD. Two sets of consistent human serum-based REPs, that is, GDM-REP and FBG-REP, were established and largely agree with REPs from other human studies. These human-serum REPs show much smaller variation compared to the 4 to 5 orders of magnitude span in REPs database for the present WHO-TEF determination. Moreover, the established REPs fitted well with WHO-TEFs, especially for polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins, furans. These REPs reflecting real human exposure scenarios exhibited validity and could be used to improve health risk assessment of human body burden of DLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Guimin Meng
- Beijing Fengtai Hospital obstetrics and gynecology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Min Chi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Taiyuan 030000 , China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , China
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110
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): From selected human target genes and crosstalk with transcription factors to multiple AHR functions. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:65-70. [PMID: 31228464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence including studies of AHR-deficient mice and TCDD toxicity suggests multiple physiologic AHR functions. Challenges to identify responsible mechanisms are due to marked species differences and dependence upon cell type and cellular context. Transient AHR modulation is often necessary for physiologic functions whereas TCDD-mediated sustained receptor activation has been demonstrated to be responsible for toxic outcomes. To stimulate studies on responsible action mechanisms the commentary is focused on human AHR target genes and crosstalk with transcription factors. Discussed AHR functions include chemical and microbial defense, organ development, modulation of immunity and inflammation, reproduction, and NAD+-dependent energy metabolism. Obviously, much more work is needed to elucidate action mechanisms. In particular, studies of pathways leading to NAD+-dependent energy metabolism may shed light on the puzzling species differences of TCDD-mediated lethality and provide options for treatment of obesity and age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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111
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Reporter Cell Assessment of TLR4-Induced NF-κB Responses to Cell-Free Hemoglobin and the Influence of Biliverdin. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020041. [PMID: 31163699 PMCID: PMC6630411 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) released during red blood cell lysis can initiate TLR4-dependent signaling and trigger NF-κB activation in surrounding cells. Observations of chronic bleeding in various cancers leads us to hypothesize that Hb and Hb degradation products released from lysed RBC near cancer nests might modulate local TLR4-positive cells. We addressed the hypothesis in vitro by measuring Hb- and biliverdin (Bv)-induced NF-κB signaling in an engineered human TLR4 reporter cell model (HEK-BlueTM hTLR4). Therein, TLR4 stimulation was assessed by measuring NF-κB-dependent secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). hTLR4 reporter cells incubated with 8 ηM lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 20-40 μM fungal mannoprotein (FM) produced significant amounts of SEAP. hTLR4 reporter cells also produced SEAP in response to human, but not porcine or bovine, Hb. HEK-Blue Null2TM reporter cells lacking TLR4 did not respond to LPS, FM, or Hb. Bv was non-stimulatory in reporter cells. When Bv was added to Hb-stimulated reporter cells, SEAP production was reduced by 95%, but when Bv was applied during LPS and FM stimulation, SEAP production was reduced by 33% and 27%, respectively. In conclusion, Hb initiated NF-κB signaling that was dependent upon TLR4 expression and that Bv can act as a TLR4 antagonist. Moreover, this study suggests that hemorrhage and extravascular hemolysis could provide competitive Hb and Bv signaling to nearby cells expressing TLR4, and that this process could modulate NF-κB signaling in TLR4-positive cancer cells and cancer-infiltrating leukocytes.
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112
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Ishihara Y, Kado SY, Hoeper C, Harel S, Vogel CFA. Role of NF-kB RelB in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Ligand Specific Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2652. [PMID: 31151139 PMCID: PMC6600526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigate the role of RelB in the regulation of genes which were identified to be induced in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner and critically involved in regulation of immune responses. We analyzed the expression of genes of the AhR gene battery, cytokines, and immune regulatory enzymes in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and thymus of B6 wildtype (wt) mice and RelB knockout (RelB-/-) mice after treatment with various AhR ligands. The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and IDO2 was significantly repressed in thymus of RelB-/- mice but not in BMM derived from RelB-/- mice. Interestingly, the induced and basal expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and CCL20 required the functional expression of RelB. The RelB-dependent expression of CCL20 was induced by the AhR ligands TCDD and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), whereas indole-3-carbinol (I3C) suppressed CCL20 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated wt BMM. The LPS-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-10 was enhanced by TCDD and FICZ, whereas I3C significantly suppressed these cytokines in BMM. The exposure to FICZ led to higher increases of IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA compared to the effect of TCDD or I3C in thymus of wt mice. On the other hand, TCDD was the strongest inducer of CYP1A1, AhR Repressor (AhRR), and IDO2. In summary, these findings provide evidence for the important role of RelB in the transcriptional regulation of cytokines and enzymes induced by AhR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Sarah Y Kado
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Christiane Hoeper
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Shelly Harel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Gabriely G, Quintana FJ. Role of AHR in the control of GBM-associated myeloid cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:13-18. [PMID: 31128300 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor; its malignancy has been associated with the activity of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells. Myeloid cells play important roles in the tumor control by the immune response, but also in tumor progression. Indeed, GBM exploits multiple mechanisms to recruit and modulate myeloid cells. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor implicated in the regulation of myeloid cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the AHR role in the control of myeloid cells and its impact on GBM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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114
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Zajda K, Rak A, Ptak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Compounds of PAH mixtures dependent interaction between multiple signaling pathways in granulosa tumour cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:14-22. [PMID: 30980910 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of PAH mixtures, using granulosa tumour cells, was investigated. Cells were exposed to a mixture of all 16 priority PAHs (M1) or a mixture of five PAHs not classified as human carcinogens (M2). The effect of siAHR, siAHRR and siNFKB2 on the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1, ERα, AR and cell proliferation was described. M1 decreased AhR and CYP1A1, while increased AhRR and ARNT expression. M2 also decreased AhR and CYP1A1 but had no effect on AhRR expression. siAHRR reversed the inhibitory effect of M1 on AhR and CYP1A1,while inhibitory effect of M2 was still observed. siNFKB2 reversed inhibitory effect of both mixtures on AhR and CYP1A1 expression and stimulatory effect of M1 on AhRR expression. siAHR reversed stimulatory effect of both mixtures on ERα expression. Stimulatory effect of M1 on cell proliferation was not observed in siAHR, was still observed in siESR1 cells. M2 had no effect on cell proliferation, however stimulatory effect was appeared in siAHR and siESR1cells. In conclusion: M1 by activation of AhRR and NFkB p52, but M2 only by activation of NFκB attenuated AhR signalling and ligand-induced CYP1A1 expression. Interaction between AhR and ER following M1 and M2 exposure is primarily initiated through AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zajda
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
| | - A Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
| | - A Ptak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
| | - E L Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland.
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Nii T, Kuzuya K, Kabata D, Matsui T, Murata A, Ohya T, Matsuoka H, Shimizu T, Oguro E, Okita Y, Udagawa C, Yoshimura M, Kudo-Tanaka E, Teshigawara S, Harada Y, Yoshida Y, Isoda K, Tsuji SI, Ohshima S, Hashimoto J, Shintani A, Takehana Y, Tohma S, Saeki Y. Crosstalk between tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in nuclear factor –kappa B activation: A possible molecular mechanism underlying the reduced efficacy of TNF-inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis by smoking. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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116
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Reactive oxygen species modulate macrophage immunosuppressive phenotype through the up-regulation of PD-L1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4326-4335. [PMID: 30770442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819473116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy is currently under investigation as a promising strategy for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most prominent component of the breast cancer microenvironment because they influence tumor progression and the response to therapies. Here we show that macrophages acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype and increase the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) when treated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers such as the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), and paclitaxel. Mechanistically, these agents cause accumulation of ROS that in turn activate NF-κB signaling to promote PD-L1 transcription and the release of immunosuppressive chemokines. Systemic in vivo administration of paclitaxel promotes PD-L1 accumulation on the surface of TAMS in a mouse model of TNBC, consistent with in vitro results. Combinatorial treatment with paclitaxel and an anti-mouse PD-L1 blocking antibody significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel by reducing tumor burden and increasing the number of tumor-associated cytotoxic T cells. Our results provide a strong rationale for the use of anti-PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of TNBC patients. Furthermore, interrogation of chemotherapy-induced PD-L1 expression in TAMs is warranted to define appropriate patient selection in the use of PD-L1 blockade.
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Tarnow P, Tralau T, Luch A. Chemical activation of estrogen and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways and their interaction in toxicology and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:219-229. [PMID: 30644759 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1569627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen receptors (ERs) and the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in many physiological processes. With both receptors binding a broad range of natural and anthropogenic ligands, they are molecular targets for many substances, raising concerns for possible health effects. Areas covered: This review shall give a brief overview on the physiological functions of both receptors including their underlying molecular mechanisms. It summarizes the interaction of the respective signaling pathways including impacts on metabolism of endogenous estrogens, transcriptional interference, inhibitory crosstalk, and proteasomal degradation. Also addressed are the AHR dependent formation of estrogenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the possible impact of the ER/AHR crosstalk in the context of drug metabolism. Expert opinion: Despite decade-long research, the physiological role of the AHR and ER as well as the implications of their complex mutual crosstalk remain to be determined as do resulting potential impacts on human health. With more and more endogenous AHR ligands being discovered, future research should hence systematically address the potential impact of such substances on estrogen signaling. The intimate link between these two pathways and the genes regulated therein bears the potential for impacts on drug metabolism and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tarnow
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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Winslow S, Scholz A, Rappl P, Brauß TF, Mertens C, Jung M, Weigert A, Brüne B, Schmid T. Macrophages attenuate the transcription of CYP1A1 in breast tumor cells and enhance their proliferation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209694. [PMID: 30615637 PMCID: PMC6322746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While aberrant cells are routinely recognized and removed by immune cells, tumors eventually escape innate immune responses. Infiltrating immune cells are even corrupted by the tumor to acquire a tumor-supporting phenotype. In line, tumor-associated macrophages are well-characterized to promote tumor progression and high levels of tumor-infiltrating macrophages are a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer. Here, we aimed to further decipher the influence of macrophages on breast tumor cells and determined global gene expression changes in three-dimensional tumor spheroids upon infiltration of macrophages. While various tumor-associated mRNAs were upregulated, expression of the cytochrome P450 family member CYP1A1 was markedly attenuated. Repression of CYP1A1 in tumor cells was elicited by a macrophage-shaped tumor microenvironment rather than by direct tumor cell-macrophage contacts. In line with changes in RNA expression profiles, macrophages enhanced proliferation of the tumor cells. Enhanced proliferation and macrophage presence further correlated with reduced CYP1A1 expression in patient tumors when compared with normal tissue. These findings are of interest in the context of combinatory therapeutic approaches involving cytotoxic and immune-modulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Winslow
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anica Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Rappl
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thilo F. Brauß
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail:
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119
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Neavin DR, Liu D, Ray B, Weinshilboum RM. The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123851. [PMID: 30513921 PMCID: PMC6321643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a nuclear receptor that modulates the response to environmental stimuli. It was recognized historically for its role in toxicology but, in recent decades, it has been increasingly recognized as an important modulator of disease—especially for its role in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. AHR has been implicated in many diseases that are driven by immune/inflammatory processes, including major depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and allergic responses, among others. The mechanisms by which AHR has been suggested to impact immune/inflammatory diseases include targeted gene expression and altered immune differentiation. It has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are near AHR-regulated genes may contribute to AHR-dependent disease mechanisms/pathways. Further, we have found that SNPs that are outside of nuclear receptor binding sites (i.e., outside of AHR response elements (AHREs)) may contribute to AHR-dependent gene regulation in a SNP- and ligand-dependent manner. This review will discuss the evidence and mechanisms of AHR contributions to immune/inflammatory diseases and will consider the possibility that SNPs that are outside of AHR binding sites might contribute to AHR ligand-dependent inter-individual variation in disease pathophysiology and response to pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Neavin
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Duan Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Balmiki Ray
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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120
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Tête A, Gallais I, Imran M, Chevanne M, Liamin M, Sparfel L, Bucher S, Burel A, Podechard N, Appenzeller BMR, Fromenty B, Grova N, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Mechanisms involved in the death of steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes co-exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol: a possible key role for xenobiotic metabolism and nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:323-337. [PMID: 30268890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that co-exposing pre-steatotic hepatocytes to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogenic environmental pollutant, and ethanol, favored cell death. Here, the intracellular mechanisms underlying this toxicity were studied. Steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes, obtained by a 48h-supplementation with fatty acids, were then exposed to B[a]P/ethanol (10 nM/5 mM, respectively) for 5 days. Nitric oxide (NO) was demonstrated to be a pivotal player in the cell death caused by the co-exposure in steatotic hepatocytes. Indeed, by scavenging NO, CPTIO treatment of co-exposed steatotic cells prevented not only the increase in DNA damage and cell death, but also the decrease in the activity of CYP1, major cytochrome P450s of B[a]P metabolism. This would then lead to an elevation of B[a]P levels, thus possibly suggesting a long-lasting stimulation of the transcription factor AhR. Besides, as NO can react with superoxide anion to produce peroxynitrite, a highly oxidative compound, the use of FeTPPS to inhibit its formation indicated its participation in DNA damage and cell death, further highlighting the important role of NO. Finally, a possible key role for AhR was pointed out by using its antagonist, CH-223191. Indeed it prevented the elevation of ADH activity, known to participate to the ethanol production of ROS, notably superoxide anion. The transcription factor, NFκB, known to be activated by ROS, was shown to be involved in the increase in iNOS expression. Altogether, these data strongly suggested cooperative mechanistic interactions between B[a]P via AhR and ethanol via ROS production, to favor cell death in the context of prior steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tête
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie Liamin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Bucher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- Univ Rennes, Biosit - UMS 3480, US_S 018, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Jeffrey MP, Strap JL, Jones Taggart H, Green-Johnson JM. Suppression of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Chemokine Production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0389 Is Mediated by Secreted Bioactive Molecules. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2639. [PMID: 30524427 PMCID: PMC6262363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) present at the gastrointestinal interface are exposed to pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and their products. Certain probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been associated with a range of host-immune modulatory activities including down-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production by IEC, with growing evidence suggesting that these bacteria secrete bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether two lactobacilli with immunomodulatory activity [Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (Lr) and Lactobacillus helveticus R0389 (Lh)], produce soluble mediators able to influence IEC responses to Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) ligands and pro-inflammatory cytokines [Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)], signals inducing IEC chemokine production during infection. To this end, the effects of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from Lr and Lh on IEC production of the pro-inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) induced by a range of host- or pathogen-derived pro-inflammatory stimuli were determined, and the impact on human HT-29 IEC and a primary IEC line (rat IEC-6) was compared. The Lr-CFS and Lh-CFS did not significantly modulate basal IL-8 production from HT-29 IECs or CINC-1 production from IEC-6 cells. However, both Lr-CFS and Lh-CFS significantly down-regulated IL-8 production from HT-29 IECs challenged with varied PRR ligands. Lr-CFS and Lh-CFS had differential effects on PRR-induced CINC-1 production by rat IEC-6 IECs, with no significant down-regulation of CINC-1 observed from IEC-6 IECs cultured with Lh-CFS. Further analysis of the Lr-CFS revealed down-regulation of IL-8 production induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα Preliminary characterization of the bioactive constituent(s) of the Lr-CFS indicates that it is resistant to treatment with DNase, RNase, and an acidic protease, but is sensitive to alterations in pH. Taken together, these results indicate that these lactobacilli secrete bioactive molecules of low molecular weight that may modulate host innate immune activity through interactions with IEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janice L Strap
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Jones Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
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122
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PD-1 immunobiology in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2018; 97:1-9. [PMID: 30396745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death (PD)-1 receptors and their ligands have been identified in the pathogenesis and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two key pathways, toll-like receptor and type I interferon, are significant to SLE pathogenesis and modulate the expression of PD-1 and the ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) through activation of NF-κB and/or STAT1. These cell signals are regulated by tyrosine kinase (Tyro, Axl, Mer) receptors (TAMs) that are aberrantly activated in SLE. STAT1 and NF-κB also exhibit crosstalk with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Ligands to AHR are identified in SLE etiology and pathogenesis. These ligands also regulate the activity of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is an identified factor in SLE and PD-1 immunobiology. AHR is important in the maintenance of immune tolerance and the development of distinct immune subsets, highlighting a potential role of AHR in PD-1 immunobiology. Understanding the functions of AHR ligands as well as AHR crosstalk with STAT1, NF-κB, and EBV may provide insight into disease development, the PD-1 axis and immunotherapies that target PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1.
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The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:740-759. [PMID: 28975503 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite production having stopped in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent persistent organic pollutants that continue to pose a serious human health risk. Exposure to PCBs has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, as well as hepatic disorders, endocrine dysfunction, neurological deficits, and many others. This is further complicated by the PCB's strong hydrophobicity, resulting in their ability to accumulate up the food chain and to be stored in fat deposits. This means that completely avoiding exposure is not possible, thus requiring the need to develop intervention strategies that can mitigate disease risks associated with exposure to PCBs. Currently, there is excitement in the use of nutritional compounds as a way of inhibiting the inflammation associated with PCBs, yet the suboptimal delivery and pharmacology of these compounds may not be sufficient in more acute exposures. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of PCB toxicity and some of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nanocarrier systems that may be useful as an enhanced treatment modality for reducing PCB toxicity.
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Jin M, Lou J, Yu H, Miao M, Wang G, Ai H, Huang Y, Han S, Han D, Yu G. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes inflammation in mouse testes: The critical role of Klotho in Sertoli cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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125
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Zhu J, Luo L, Tian L, Yin S, Ma X, Cheng S, Tang W, Yu J, Ma W, Zhou X, Fan X, Yang X, Yan J, Xu X, Lv C, Liang H. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promotes IL-10 Expression in Inflammatory Macrophages Through Src-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2033. [PMID: 30283437 PMCID: PMC6156150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important immune regulator with a role in inflammatory response. However, the role of AhR in IL-10 production by inflammatory macrophages is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated LPS-induced IL-10 expression in macrophages from AhR-KO mice and AhR-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells. AhR was highly expressed after LPS stimulation through NF-κB pathway. Loss of AhR resulted in reduced IL-10 expression in LPS-induced macrophages. Moreover, the IL-10 expression was elevated in LPS-induced AhR-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells. Maximal IL-10 expression was dependent on an AhR non-genomic pathway closely related to Src and STAT3. Furthermore, AhR-associated Src activity was responsible for tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and IL-10 expression by inflammatory macrophages. Adoptive transfer of AhR-expressing macrophages protected mice against LPS-induced peritonitis associated with high IL-10 production. In conclusion, we identified the AhR-Src-STAT3-IL-10 signaling pathway as a critical pathway in the immune regulation of inflammatory macrophages, It suggests that AhR may be a potential therapeutic target in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Emergency and Trauma College of Hainan Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaowen Cheng
- Trauma Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wanqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Emergency and Trauma College of Hainan Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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126
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Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Quintana FJ. Regulation of the Immune Response by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Immunity 2018; 48:19-33. [PMID: 29343438 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by small molecules provided by the diet, microorganisms, metabolism, and pollutants. AhR is expressed by a number of immune cells, and thus AhR signaling provides a molecular pathway that integrates the effects of the environment and metabolism on the immune response. Studies have shown that AhR signaling plays important roles in the immune system in health and disease. As its activity is regulated by small molecules, AhR also constitutes a potential target for therapeutic immunomodulation. In this review we discuss the role of AhR in the regulation of the immune response in the context of autoimmunity, infection, and cancer, as well as the potential opportunities and challenges of developing AhR-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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127
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Bourque LA, Raverty S, Co C, Lillie BN, Daoust PY, Clark ME, Caswell JL. Benzo(a)pyrene suppresses tracheal antimicrobial peptide gene expression in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 203:40-46. [PMID: 30243371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans, which are also threatened by environmental degradation caused by crude oil spills. Following oil spills, cetaceans at the water surface may inhale droplets of oil containing toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which could potentially alter respiratory immunity via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its subsequent interaction with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). β-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by airway epithelial cells and their expression is known to be dependent on NF-κB. We hypothesized that PAHs may suppress the expression of β-defensins, and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. This hypothesis was modeled by measuring the in vitro effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), phenanthrene, and naphthalene on tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) gene expression in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced 20 ± 17-fold (mean ± SD) increased TAP gene expression. Exposure of tracheal epithelial cells to 5 μM BAP for 4 or 8 h, followed by incubation with a combination of LPS and 5 μM BAP for another 16 h, significantly (P = 0.002) suppressed LPS-induced TAP gene expression by 40.6 ± 21.8% (mean ± SD) in tracheal epithelial cells from 9 calves tested. BAP-induced suppression of TAP gene expression coincided with induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression. In contrast, phenanthrene and naphthalene had no consistent effect, and exposure to PAHs did not significantly affect constitutive TAP gene expression (i.e. without LPS). These findings characterize the suppressive effects of BAP-a toxic pollutant found in crude oil-on this respiratory innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bourque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, C1A 4P3 Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Stephen Raverty
- Animal Health Center, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, V3G 2M3 Abbotsford, BC, Canada.
| | - Carmon Co
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Yves Daoust
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, C1A 4P3 Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff L Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
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128
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Castañeda AR, Pinkerton KE, Bein KJ, Magaña-Méndez A, Yang HT, Ashwood P, Vogel CFA. Ambient particulate matter activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in dendritic cells and enhances Th17 polarization. Toxicol Lett 2018; 292:85-96. [PMID: 29689377 PMCID: PMC5971007 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in ambient particulate matter (PM)-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17-immune responses in vitro. To assess the potential role of the AhR in PM-mediated activation of DCs, co-stimulation, and cytokine expression, bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages and DCs from C57BL/6 wildtype or AhR knockout (AhR-/-) mice were treated with PM. Th17 differentiation was assessed via co-cultures of wildtype or AhR-/- BMDCs with autologous naive T cells. PM2.5 significantly induced AhR DNA binding activity to dioxin responsive elements (DRE) and expression of the AhR repressor (AhRR), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, and CYP1B1, indicating activation of the AhR. In activated (OVA sensitized) BMDCs, PM2.5 induced interleukin (IL)-1β, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II, suggesting enhanced DC activation, co-stimulation, and antigen presentation; responses that were abolished in AhR deficient DCs. DC-T cell co-cultures treated with PM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to elevated IL-17A and IL-22 expression at the mRNA level, which is mediated by the AhR. PM-treated DCs were essential in endowing T cells with a Th17-phenotype, which was associated with enhanced expression of MHC class II and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In conclusion, PM enhances DC activation that primes naive T cell differentiation towards a Th17-like phenotype in an AhR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 95817, USA
| | - Keith J Bein
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA; Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alfonso Magaña-Méndez
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Houa T Yang
- M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, 95817, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, 95817, USA
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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129
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Fueldner C, Kohlschmidt J, Riemschneider S, Schulze F, Zoldan K, Esser C, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J. Benzo(a)pyrene attenuates the pattern-recognition-receptor induced proinflammatory phenotype of murine macrophages by inducing IL-10 expression in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent manner. Toxicology 2018; 409:80-90. [PMID: 30053493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are environmental contaminants known to be immunosuppressive. Most effects of BaP towards immune cells are thought to be mediated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which plays a critical modulatory role in various cells during immune response. Macrophages are key players in innate immunity against intracellular bacteria and are discussed to be a target of AhR-mediated immune regulation. However, so far there is only incomplete knowledge about the effects of BaP on activated macrophages and whether these effects are AhR-dependent in each case. Using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) stimulated with heat-killed salmonellae as a source of different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for stimulation of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as an in-vitro model, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of low-dose BaP exposure. PRR-activated BMMs produced nitric oxide (NO) and a spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 but also the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. While BaP exposure suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, the secretion of IL-10 was augmented. Moreover, BaP exposure increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), CD14, Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI/CD64), or CD86, enhanced NO production and phagocytosis what may be beneficial for phagocytosis and killing of microbial pathogens. Of note, without PRR activation low-dose BaP exposure has little influence on the macrophage phenotype. BMMs from AhR-deficient (Ahr-/-) mice were widely refractory to BaP-induced modulation of cytokine production, surface marker expression, and functional properties in response to PAMPs stimulation, indicating that these effects are dependent on AhR. In summary, these data suggest that induction of AhR-mediated signalling pathways by BaP may attenuate the proinflammatory phenotype of PRR-activated BMMs, while activating IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory properties but also enhancing uptake and killing of pathogens as well as antigen presentation. Together these features imply a favourable role of BaP exposure for macrophage functions in an ongoing immune response. However, the strong induction of IL-10 may lead to defective pathogen clearance and subsequently to chronic persistent infection. This concept suggests an inhibitory rather than a supporting influence of environmental BaP on immunity to infection or cancer and also emphasises the important regulatory role of AhR in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Fueldner
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Janine Kohlschmidt
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Esser
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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130
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Rael LT, Bar-Or R, Banton KL, Mains CW, Roshon M, Tanner AH, Lieser MJ, Acuna DL, Bar-Or D. The anti-inflammatory effect of LMWF5A and N-acetyl kynurenine on macrophages: Involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mechanism of action. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 15:61-67. [PMID: 30073204 PMCID: PMC6068081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
After a traumatic insult, macrophages can become activated leading to general inflammation at the site of injury. Activated macrophages are partially regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which when activated suppresses inflammation by limiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the over expression of immuno-modulatory mediators. This study aims to determine whether the low molecular weight fraction of 5% human serum albumin (LMWF5A) and N-acetyl kynurenine (NAK), an N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT) breakdown product in LMWF5A, can regulate inflammation by inhibiting macrophage activation through the AhR since kynurenine is a known AhR agonist. Using LCMS, we demonstrate that NAT is non-enzymatically degraded during accelerated aging of LMWF5A with high heat accelerating degradation. More importantly, NAK is a major degradation product found in LMWF5A. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and pre-treated with 2-fold dilutions of LMWF5A or synthetic NAK with or without an AhR antagonist (CH223191) prior to overnight stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with LMWF5A caused a 50–70% decrease in IL-6 release throughout the dilution series. A dose-response inhibition of IL-6 release was observed for NAK with maximal inhibition (50%) seen at the highest NAK concentration. Finally, an AhR antagonist partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of LMWF5A while completely blocking the effect of NAK. A similar inhibitory effect was observed for CXCL-10, but the AhR antagonist was not effective suggesting additional mechanisms for CXCL-10 release. These preliminary findings suggest that LMWF5A and NAK partially promote the suppression of activated macrophages via the AhR receptor. Therefore, LMWF5A, which contains NAK, is potentially a useful therapeutic in medical conditions where inflammation is prevalent such as trauma, sepsis, and wound healing. LMWF5A contains degradation products of N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT). A major degradation product of NAT in LMWF5A is N-acetyl kynurenine (NAK). LMWF5A and NAK decrease IL-6 and CXCL-10 release from activated macrophages. AhR is partially involved in the mechanism of action for LMWF5A and NAK. The anti-inflammatory properties of LMWF5A are also AhR-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard T Rael
- Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical City Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.,Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA.,Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Raphael Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical City Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.,Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA.,Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical City Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.,Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA.,Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Englewood, CO 80112, USA.,Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134, USA
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131
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Gourronc FA, Robertson LW, Klingelhutz AJ. A delayed proinflammatory response of human preadipocytes to PCB126 is dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16481-16492. [PMID: 28699004 PMCID: PMC5764822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in adipose tissue is recognized as a causative factor in the development of type II diabetes. Adipocyte hypertrophy as well as bacterial and environmental factors have been implicated in causing inflammation in mature adipocytes. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with the development of type II diabetes. We show here that PCB126, a dioxin-like PCB, activates a robust proinflammatory state in fat cell precursors (preadipocytes). The response was found to be dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, although induction of the response was delayed compared to upregulation of CYP1A1, a classic AhR-responsive gene. Treatment of preadipocytes with a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) inhibitor partially attenuated the PCB126-induced inflammatory response and partly, but not completely, ameliorated disruption of adipogenesis caused by PCB126. Our results indicate a role for PCB126 in mediating an inflammatory response through AhR in preadipocytes that interferes with adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise A Gourronc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Aloysius J Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 2202 MERF, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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132
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Fu J, Nogueira SV, Drongelen VV, Coit P, Ling S, Rosloniec EF, Sawalha AH, Holoshitz J. Shared epitope-aryl hydrocarbon receptor crosstalk underlies the mechanism of gene-environment interaction in autoimmune arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4755-4760. [PMID: 29666259 PMCID: PMC5939100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is affected by genetic and environmental factors. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the shared epitope (SE), a five-amino acid sequence motif encoded by RA-associated HLA-DRB1 alleles, is the single most significant genetic risk factor. The risk conferred by the SE is increased in a multiplicative way by exposure to various environmental pollutants, such as cigarette smoke. The mechanism of this synergistic interaction is unknown. It is worth noting that the SE has recently been found to act as a signal transduction ligand that facilitates differentiation of Th17 cells and osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor that mediates the xenobiotic effects of many pollutants, including tobacco combustion products, has been found to activate similar biologic effects. Prompted by these similarities, we sought to determine whether the SE and AhR signaling pathways interact in autoimmune arthritis. Here we uncovered a nuclear factor kappa B-mediated synergistic interaction between the SE and AhR pathways that leads to markedly enhanced osteoclast differentiation and Th17 polarization in vitro. Administration of AhR pathway agonists to transgenic mice carrying human SE-coding alleles resulted in a robust increase in arthritis severity, bone destruction, overabundance of osteoclasts, and IL17-expressing cells in the inflamed joints and draining lymph nodes of arthritic mice. Thus, this study identifies a previously unrecognized mechanism of gene-environment interaction that could provide insights into the well-described but poorly understood amplification of the genetic risk for RA upon exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sarah V Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Patrick Coit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Song Ling
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Edward F Rosloniec
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joseph Holoshitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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133
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Kinetics of ROS generation induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic extracts from ambient air particulate matter in model human lung cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 827:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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134
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Forman HJ, Finch CE. A critical review of assays for hazardous components of air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:202-217. [PMID: 29407794 PMCID: PMC5845809 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased mortality and diverse morbidities are globally associated with exposure to ambient air pollution (AAP), cigarette smoke (CS), and household air pollution (HAP). The AAP-CS-HAP aerosols present heterogeneous particulate matter (PM) of diverse chemical and physical characteristics. Some epidemiological models have assumed the same health hazards by PM weight for AAP, CS, and HAP regardless of the composition. While others have recognized that biological activities and toxicity will vary with components, we focus particularly on oxidation because of its major role in assay outcomes. Our review of PM assays considers misinterpretations of some chemical measures used for oxidative activity. Overall, there is low consistency across chemical and cell-based assays for oxidative and inflammatory activity. We also note gaps in understanding how much airborne PM of various sizes enter cells and organs. For CS, the body burden per cigarette may be much below current assumptions. Synergies shown for health hazards of AAP and CS suggest crosstalk in detoxification pathways mediated by AHR, NF-κB, and Nrf2. These complex genomic and biochemical interactions frustrate resolution of the toxicity of specific AAP components. We propose further strategies based on targeted gene expression based on cell-type differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, United States.
| | - Caleb Ellicott Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Dornsife College, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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135
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Zhang WY, Wang H, Qi S, Wang X, Li X, Zhou K, Zhang Y, Gao MQ. CYP1A1 Relieves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4093285. [PMID: 29686530 PMCID: PMC5854104 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4093285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is changed in various organs during the host response to inflammation or infection, leading to alterations in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Results of this study showed that CYP1A1 expression was significantly downregulated in the mammary tissue of bovine with mastitis, in inflammatory epithelial cells (INEs) extracted from the tissue, and in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced INEs compared with their corresponding counterparts. Overexpression of CYP1A1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells alleviated the LPS-induced inhibition of epithelial proliferation, abated the LPS-induced increase of gene expression and protein secretion of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and attenuated the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest that CYP1A1 has immense potential in the regulation of inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells during mastitis and may serve as a useful therapeutic target in mitigating injuries caused by inflammatory overreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaopei Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xueru Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming-Qing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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136
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Mescher M, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Modulation of CYP1A1 metabolism: From adverse health effects to chemoprevention and therapeutic options. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:71-87. [PMID: 29458109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 gene encodes a monooxygenase that metabolizes multiple exogenous and endogenous substrates. CYP1A1 has become infamous for its oxidative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, converting these chemicals into very potent human carcinogens. CYP1A1 expression is mainly controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor whose activation is induced by binding of persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins. Accordingly, induction of CYP1A1 expression and activity serves as a biomarker of AHR activation and associated xenobiotic metabolism as well as toxicity in diverse animal species and humans. Determination of CYP1A1 activity is integrated into modern toxicological concepts and testing guidelines, emphasizing the tremendous importance of this enzyme for risk assessment and regulation of chemicals. Further, CYP1A1 serves as a molecular target for chemoprevention of chemical carcinogenesis, although present literature is controversial on whether its inhibition or induction exerts beneficial effects. Regarding therapeutic applications, first anti-cancer prodrugs are available, which require a metabolic activation by CYP1A1, and thus enable a specific elimination of CYP1A1-positive tumors. However, the application range of these drugs may be limited due to the frequently observed downregulation of CYP1A1 in various human cancers, probably leading to a reduced metabolism of endogenous AHR ligands and a sustained activation of AHR and associated tumor-promoting responses. We here summarize the current knowledge on CYP1A1 as a key player in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates and as a promising target molecule for prevention and treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mescher
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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137
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Involvement of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor in myelination and in human nerve sheath tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1319-E1328. [PMID: 29351992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715999115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) can transform into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) that are resistant to existing therapies. These tumors are primarily composed of Schwann cells. In addition to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene inactivation, further genetic lesions are required for malignant transformation. We have quantified the mRNA expression levels of AHR and its associated genes in 38 human samples. We report that AHR and the biosynthetic enzymes of its endogenous ligand are overexpressed in human biopsies of PNFs and MPNSTs. We also detect a strong nuclear AHR staining in MPNSTs. The inhibition of AHR by siRNA or antagonists, CH-223191 and trimethoxyflavone, induces apoptosis in human MPNST cells. Since AHR dysregulation is observed in these tumors, we investigate AHR involvement in Schwann cell physiology. Hence, we studied the role of AHR in myelin structure and myelin gene regulation in Ahr-/- mice during myelin development. AHR ablation leads to locomotion defects and provokes thinner myelin sheaths around the axons. We observe a dysregulation of myelin gene expression and myelin developmental markers in Ahr-/- mice. Interestingly, AHR does not directly bind to myelin gene promoters. The inhibition of AHR in vitro and in vivo increased β-catenin levels and stimulated the binding of β-catenin on myelin gene promoters. Taken together, our findings reveal an endogenous role of AHR in peripheral myelination and in peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Finally, we suggest a potential therapeutic approach by targeting AHR in nerve tumors.
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138
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Zang X, Zheng X, Hou Y, Hu M, Wang H, Bao X, Zhou F, Wang G, Hao H. Regulation of proinflammatory monocyte activation by the kynurenine–AhR axis underlies immunometabolic control of depressive behavior in mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:1944-1956. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700853r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoqiang Bao
- Animal Experimental Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target DiscoverySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug MetabolismSchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, and China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
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139
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Shir A, Klein S, Sagiv-Barfi I, Geiger T, Zigler M, Langut Y, Edinger N, Levitzki A. S101, an Inhibitor of Proliferating T Cells, Rescues Mice From Superantigen-Induced Shock. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:288-297. [PMID: 29149330 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are extremely potent bacterial toxins, which evoke a virulent immune response, inducing nonspecific T-cell proliferation, rapid cytokine release, and lethal toxic shock, for which there is no effective treatment. We previously developed a small molecule, S101, which potently inhibits proliferating T cells. In a severe mouse model of toxic shock, a single injection of S101 given together with superantigen challenge rescued 100% of the mice. Even when given 2 hours after challenge, S101 rescued 40% of the mice. S101 targets the T-cell receptor, inflammatory response, and actin cytoskeleton pathways. S101 inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in the differentiation of T-helper cells, especially Th17, and regulatory T cells. Our results provide the rationale for developing S101 to treat superantigen-induced toxic shock and other pathologies characterized by T-cell activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Shir
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Idit Sagiv-Barfi
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maya Zigler
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Yael Langut
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
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140
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A rapid and reagent-free bioassay for the detection of dioxin-like compounds and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists using autobioluminescent yeast. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1247-1256. [PMID: 29214529 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An autonomously bioluminescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae BLYAhS bioreporter was developed in this study for the simple and rapid detection of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. This recombinant yeast reporter was based on a synthetic bacterial luciferase reporter gene cassette (lux) that can produce the luciferase as well as the enzymes capable of self-synthesizing the requisite substrates for bioluminescent production from endogenous cellular metabolites. As a result, bioluminescent signal production is generated continuously and autonomously without cell lysis or exogenous reagent addition. By linking the expression of the autobioluminescent lux reporter cassette to AhR activation via the use of a dioxin-responsive promoter, the S. cerevisiae BLYAhS bioreporter emitted a bioluminescent signal in response to DLC exposure in a dose-responsive manner. The model dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), could be detected within 4 h with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of ~ 8.1 nM and a lower detection limit of 500 pM. The autobioluminescent response of BLYAhS to other AhR agonists, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), polychlorinated bisphenyl congener 126 (PCB-126) and 169 (PCB-169), 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and β-naphthoflavone (bNF), were also characterized in this study. The non-destructive and reagent-free nature of the BLYAhS reporter assay facilitated near-continuous, automated signal acquisition without additional hands-on effort and cost, providing a simple and cost-effective method for rapid DLC detection.
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141
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Salvesen Ø, Reiten MR, Kamstra JH, Bakkebø MK, Espenes A, Tranulis MA, Ersdal C. Goats without Prion Protein Display Enhanced Proinflammatory Pulmonary Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling upon Systemic Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1722. [PMID: 29270176 PMCID: PMC5723645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A naturally occurring mutation in the PRNP gene of Norwegian dairy goats terminates synthesis of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), rendering homozygous goats (PRNPTer/Ter) devoid of the protein. Although PrPC has been extensively studied, particularly in the central nervous system, the biological role of PrPC remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined whether loss of PrPC affects the initial stage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Acute pulmonary inflammation was induced by intravenous injection of LPS (Escherichia coli O26:B6) in 16 goats (8 PRNPTer/Ter and 8 PRNP+/+). A control group of 10 goats (5 PRNPTer/Ter and 5 PRNP+/+) received sterile saline. Systemic LPS challenge induced sepsis-like clinical signs including tachypnea and respiratory distress. Microscopic examination of lungs revealed multifocal areas with alveolar hemorrhages, edema, neutrophil infiltration, and higher numbers of alveolar macrophages, with no significant differences between PRNP genotypes. A total of 432 (PRNP+/+) and 596 (PRNPTer/Ter) genes were differentially expressed compared with the saline control of the matching genotype. When assigned to gene ontology categories, biological processes involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), were exclusively enriched in PrPC-deficient goats. These genes included a range of collagen-encoding genes, and proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP14, ADAM15) and cathepsins. Several proinflammatory upstream regulators (TNF-α, interleukin-1β, IFN-γ) showed increased activation scores in goats devoid of PrPC. In conclusion, LPS challenge induced marked alterations in the lung tissue transcriptome that corresponded with histopathological and clinical findings in both genotypes. The increased activation of upstream inflammatory regulators and enrichment of ECM components could reflect increased inflammation in the absence of PrPC. Further studies are required to elucidate whether these alterations may affect the later reparative phase of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Salvesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Malin R Reiten
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren K Bakkebø
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Espenes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
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142
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Jung WW, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Pak YK, Chon S. Actein alleviates 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated cellular dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2455-2470. [PMID: 28836330 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to affect bone metabolism. We evaluated the protective effects of the triterpene glycoside actein from the herb black cohosh against TCDD-induced toxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. We found that TCDD significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis and autophagy in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells (P < .05). In addition, TCDD treatment resulted in a significant increase in intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cardiolipin peroxidation, whereas pretreatment with actein significantly mitigated these effects (P < .05). The effects of TCDD on extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), aryl hydrocarbon receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor, and cytochrome P450 1A1 levels in MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly inhibited by actein. The levels of superoxide dismutase, ERK1, and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA were also effectively restored by pretreatment with actein. Furthermore, actein treatment resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen content, as well as in the expression of genes associated with osteoblastic differentiation (ALP, type I collagen, osteoprotegerin, bone sialoprotein, and osterix). This study demonstrates the underlying molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection exerted by actein against TCDD-induced oxidative stress and osteoblast damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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143
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Ligand-mediated cytoplasmic retention of the Ah receptor inhibits macrophage-mediated acute inflammatory responses. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1471-1487. [PMID: 28892097 PMCID: PMC5711556 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AHR) has been shown to exhibit both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity in a context-specific manner. In vivo macrophage-driven acute inflammation models were utilized here to test whether the selective Ah receptor modulator 1-allyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1H-indazol-3-yl]-4-methoxyphenol (SGA360) would reduce inflammation. Exposure to SGA360 was capable of significantly inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated endotoxic shock in a mouse model, both in terms of lethality and attenuating inflammatory signaling in tissues. Topical exposure to SGA360 was also able to mitigate joint edema in a monosodium urate (MSU) crystal gout mouse model. Inhibition was dependent on the expression of the high-affinity allelic AHR variant in both acute inflammation models. Upon peritoneal MSU crystal exposure SGA360 pretreatment inhibited neutrophil and macrophage migration into the peritoneum. RNA-seq analysis revealed that SGA360 attenuated the expression of numerous inflammatory genes and genes known to be directly regulated by AHR in thioglycolate-elicited primary peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. In addition, expression of the high-affinity allelic AHR variant in cultured macrophages was necessary for SGA360-mediated repression of inflammatory gene expression. Mechanistic studies revealed that SGA360 failed to induce nuclear translocation of the AHR and actually enhanced cytoplasmic localization. LPS treatment of macrophages enhanced the occupancy of the AHR and p65 to the Ptgs2 promoter, whereas SGA360 attenuated occupancy. AHR ligand activity was detected in peritoneal exudates isolated from MSU-treated mice, thus suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of SGA360 is mediated at least in part through AHR antagonism of endogenous agonist activity. These results underscore an important role of the AHR in participating in acute inflammatory signaling and warrants further investigations into possible clinical applications.
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144
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Cancer chemoprevention revisited: Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 as a target in the tumor and the microenvironment. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:1-18. [PMID: 29197745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the use of synthetic, natural or biological agents to prevent or delay the development or progression of malignancies. Intriguingly, many phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects, recently proposed as chemoprevention strategies, are inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 (CYP1B1), an enzyme overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors and associated with angiogenesis. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines were reported to boost CYP1B1 expression, suggesting a key role of CYP1B1 in a positive loop of inflammatory angiogenesis. Other well-known pro-tumorigenic activities of CYP1B1 rely on metabolic bioactivation of xenobiotics and steroid hormones into their carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast to initial in vitro observations, in vivo studies demonstrated a protecting role against cancer for the other CYP1 family members (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2), suggesting that the specificity of CYP1 family inhibitors should be carefully taken into account for developing potential chemoprevention strategies. Recent studies also proposed a role of CYP1B1 in multiple cell types found within the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. Overall, our review of the current literature suggests a positive loop between inflammatory cytokines and CYP1B1, which in turn may play a key role in cancer angiogenesis, acting on both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Strategies aiming at specific CYP1B1 inhibition in multiple cell types may translate into clinical chemoprevention and angioprevention approaches.
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145
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Nguyen CH, Nakahama T, Dang TT, Chu HH, Van Hoang L, Kishimoto T, Nguyen NT. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, inflammatory cytokines, and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Vietnamese dioxin-exposed people. J Immunotoxicol 2017; 14:196-203. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1377323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hung Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Taisuke Nakahama
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Truong Tien Dang
- Anatomy Department, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ha Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luong Van Hoang
- Biopharmaceutical Medical Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nam Trung Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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146
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Covarrubias S, Robinson EK, Shapleigh B, Vollmers A, Katzman S, Hanley N, Fong N, McManus MT, Carpenter S. CRISPR/Cas-based screening of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in macrophages with an NF-κB reporter. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20911-20920. [PMID: 29051223 PMCID: PMC5743067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.799155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system protects against infections by initiating an inducible inflammatory response. NF-κB is one of the critical transcription factors controlling this complex response, but some aspects of its regulation remain unclear. For example, although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to critically regulate gene expression, only a fraction of these have been functionally characterized, and the extent to which lncRNAs control NF-κB expression is unknown. Here, we describe the generation of a GFP-based NF-κB reporter system in immortalized murine bone marrow–derived macrophages (iBMDM). Activation of this reporter, using Toll-like receptor ligands, resulted in GFP expression, which could be monitored by flow cytometry. We also established a CRISPR/Cas9 gene deletion system in this NF-κB reporter line, enabling us to screen for genes that regulate NF-κB signaling. Our deletion-based approach identified two long intergenic non-coding(linc)RNAs, lincRNA-Cox2 and lincRNA-AK170409, that control NF-κB signaling. We demonstrate a potential novel role for lincRNA-Cox2 in promoting IκBα degradation in the cytoplasm. For lincRNA-AK170409, we provide evidence that this nuclearly-localized lincRNA regulates a number of inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, we have established an NF-κB–GFP iBMDM reporter cell line and a line that stably expresses Cas9. Our approach enabled the identification of lincRNA-Cox2 and lincRNA-AK170409 as NF-κB regulators, and this tool will be useful for identifying additional genes involved in regulating this transcription factor critical for immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Shapleigh
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Apple Vollmers
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Sol Katzman
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 and
| | - Nicole Hanley
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Nicholas Fong
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Michael T McManus
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Susan Carpenter
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and
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147
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Inflammation and the chemical carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene: Partners in crime. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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148
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Kumar J, Teoh SL, Das S, Mahakknaukrauh P. Oxidative Stress in Oral Diseases: Understanding Its Relation with Other Systemic Diseases. Front Physiol 2017; 8:693. [PMID: 28959211 PMCID: PMC5603668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in diabetes, various cancers, liver diseases, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, and other degenerative diseases related to the nervous system. The free radicals have deleterious effect on various organs of the body. This is due to lipid peroxidation and irreversible protein modification that leads to cellular apoptosis or programmed cell death. During recent years, there is a rise in the oral diseases related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in oral disease is related to other systemic diseases in the body such as periodontitis, cardiovascular, pancreatic, gastric, and liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the various pathways that mediate oxidative cellular damage. Numerous pathways mediate oxidative cellular damage and these include caspase pathway, PERK/NRF2 pathway, NADPH oxidase 4 pathways and JNK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We also discuss the role of inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, and role of oxygen species linked to oxidative stress. Knowledge of different pathways, role of inflammatory markers, and importance of low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, creatinine, nitric oxide, nitrates, and highly sensitive C-reactive proteins may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and plan better treatment for oral diseases which involve oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakknaukrauh
- Forensic Osteology Research, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
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149
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Zhang H, Hassan YI, Renaud J, Liu R, Yang C, Sun Y, Tsao R. Bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from purple root vegetables using mono- and co-culture cell models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28691370 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Immune-inflammatory signaling and metabolic effects are the main pillars for bioactivity of anthocyanins derived from highly pigmented root vegetables. This study aims to assess the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of purple carrot and potato derived anthocyanins and the molecular mechanisms of their ability to ameliorate cellular inflammation in a mono- and co-culture cell models. METHODS AND RESULTS An in vitro gastrointestinal model was used and demonstrated bioaccessibility of 44.62 and 71.8% for anthocyanins of purple carrot and potato, respectively. These accessible anthocyanins significantly inhibited cellular inflammation in Caco-2 cells. Intact cyanidinglycoside or petunidinglycoside (respectively from carrots and potatoes) were transported across a transmembrane cell model and detected by LC-MS/MS. Computational docking and glucose uptake analyses suggested uptake of anthocyanins was mediated by hexose transporters. Subsequent experiment using an inflamed Caco-2 BBe1/THP-1 co-culture cell model showed these transported anthocyanins inhibited IL-8 and TNF-α secretion,and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking NF-κB, and MAPK mediated inflammatory cellular signaling cascades, but with varying degrees due to structural features. CONCLUSION Anthocyanins from purple carrots and potatoes possess a promising anti-inflammatory effect in model gut system. They can be absorbed and act differently but are in general beneficial for inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yousef I Hassan
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cheng Yang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yong Sun
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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150
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Jurado-Manzano BB, Zavala-Reyes D, Turrubiartes-Martínez EA, Portales-Pérez DP, González-Amaro R, Layseca-Espinosa E. FICZ generates human tDCs that induce CD4 + CD25 high Foxp3 + Treg-like cell differentiation. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:84-92. [PMID: 28765071 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, their participation as professional antigen presenting cells is essential to the initiation of the adaptive immune response as well as to the induction of tolerance. The recently described role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the immune system, particularly in the modulation of the adaptive immune response has attracted the attention as a potential player in the induction of immune tolerance. However, the effects of AhR activation through endogenous ligands on human DCs have been poorly evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effect of FICZ, a natural AhR ligand, on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) from healthy subjects. We found that the activation of AhR through FICZ during DCs differentiation and maturation processes resulted in a decreased expression of CD83, an increased expression of the enzyme IDO and a reduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. More importantly, FICZ-treated DCs were able to induce the differentiation of naive T lymphocytes into CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+ T reg-like cells. Our results show that the activation of the AhR on human DCs induces a tolerogenic phenotype with potential implications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda B Jurado-Manzano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Daniel Zavala-Reyes
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Edgar A Turrubiartes-Martínez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic, Faculty of Chemical Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Diana P Portales-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Esther Layseca-Espinosa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
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