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Chabab G, Bonnefoy N, Lafont V. IL-21 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1240:73-82. [PMID: 32060889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-21 is an immunomodulatory cytokine produced by natural killer (NK) cells and T cells that has pleiotropic roles in immune and nonimmune cells. IL-21 can modulate innate and specific immunity activities. It is a potent stimulator of T and natural killer cell-mediated antitumor immunity but also has pro-inflammatory functions in many tissues and is involved in oncogenesis. It is important to understand IL-21 biology in these different situations to ensure the maximal benefit of therapeutic strategies targeting this cytokine. This chapter summarizes IL-21 characteristics and signaling, its role in immune system components, and its use in cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Chabab
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Lafont
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Azarpira N, Geramizadeh B, Darbouy M, Malek-Hosseini SA. Association between Interleukin-21, 23 and 27 Expression and Protein Level with Cytomegalovirus Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2020; 11:27-34. [PMID: 33324475 PMCID: PMC7724771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines have regulatory crosstalk with CMV infection leading to manage of post-liver transplantation virus-related outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the link between IL-21, IL-23 and IL-27 mRNA and protein level with active CMV infection, which was evaluated in reactivated and non-reactivated liver transplant recipients. METHODS Two groups of liver transplant recipients were enrolled in this study-54 without and 15 with active CMV infection. 3 EDTA-treated blood samples were taken on day 1, 4, and 7 post-liver transplantation. Plasma and buffy coats of all samples were separated. All samples were analyzed for CMV reactivation using antigenemia technique. The separated plasma of positive samples was used for viral DNA extraction and protein evaluation. For evaluating the mRNA expression level by real-time PCR, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were done for all samples. Also, the protein level of studied genes was estimated by ELISA. RESULTS The expression level of IL-21, IL-23A and IL-27A cytokine genes was increased in CMV reactivated liver transplant recipients in comparison with CMV non-reactivated ones; IL-27A expression pattern was significant (p=0.001) at all sampling times. IL-21 significantly increased on the 2nd and 3rd (p=0.028 and 0.01, respectively) sampling days in CMV reactivated compared with non-reactivated patients. The expression level of IL-23A cytokine significantly increased on the 3rd (p=0.017) sampling day in CMV reactivated compared with non-reactivated liver transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Elevation in the expression level of IL-21, IL-23A and IL-27A mRNA and protein level in CMV reactivated patients emphasized on the antiviral role of these cytokines in CMV reactivated liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Afshari
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Nephro-urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - R Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M H Karimi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - B Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Darbouy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - S A Malek-Hosseini
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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103
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Gong F, Zheng T, Zhou P. T Follicular Helper Cell Subsets and the Associated Cytokine IL-21 in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2918. [PMID: 31921177 PMCID: PMC6923700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, T helper 2 (TH2) cells have been considered to predominantly regulate the pathogenic manifestations of allergic asthma, such as IgE-mediated sensitization, airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophil infiltration. However, recent discoveries have significantly shifted our understanding of asthma from a simple TH2 cell-dependent disease to a heterogeneous disease regulated by multiple T cell subsets, including T follicular helper (TFH) cells. TFH cells, which are a specialized cell population that provides help to B cells, have attracted intensive attention in the past decade because of their crucial role in regulating antibody response in a broad range of diseases. In particular, TFH cells are essential for IgE antibody class-switching. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the role of TFH cells and their signature cytokine interleukin (IL)-21 in asthma from mouse studies and clinical reports. We further discuss future therapeutic strategies to treat asthma by targeting TFH cells and IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Motavalli R, Etemadi J, Kahroba H, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Immune system-mediated cellular and molecular mechanisms in idiopathic membranous nephropathy pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2019; 238:116923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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105
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Shan S, Zhou Y, Yu J, Yang Q, Pan D, Wang Y, Li L, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Huang S, Li Z, Ning Z, Xin L, Lu X. Therapeutic treatment of a novel selective JAK3/JAK1/TBK1 inhibitor, CS12192, in rat and mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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106
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Dey I, Bishayi B. Impact of simultaneous neutralization of IL-17A and treatment with recombinant IL-2 on Th17-Treg cell population in S.aureus induced septic arthritis. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103903. [PMID: 31790794 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of Th17 and Treg in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis is well known. The imbalance of Th17/Treg ratio, especially the skewed CD4+ T cell differentiation towards pathogenic Th17 lineage is a major reason that mediates bone damage through one of its prime cytokine member IL-17A. The neutralization of released IL-17A, as well as exogenous administration of IL-2 at a lower dose, was seen to be potent in dampening the inflammatory response in many cases. Interestingly the effect of IL-17A neutralization to limit IL-17 mediated inflammation and induction of Tregs by the administration of IL-2 has not been studied in experimental arthritis. So in this study, we have treated arthritic mice with IL-17A Ab and recombinant mouse IL-2 either alone or in combination at 3, 9 and 15 days post-infection. We have found a marked decrease in Th17 cell population and their related pro-inflammatory cytokine levels at 15DPI in arthritic mice after IL-17 neutralization. An increased Treg cell population was also observed in mice after application of rIL-2 with a significantly heightened TGF-β level in serum and synovial joints compared to the untreated one. However, in the case of combination therapy of IL-17A Ab and rIL-2 we have observed a beneficial effect in ameliorating the disease outcome as the arthritic index was decreased maximally at 15DPI with a significant reduction of arthritis compared to individual treatment. Overall the inflammatory microenvironment was counterbalanced most effectively in combination treatment by lowering the Th17/Treg ratio and their related cytokines that resulted in reducing the immunopathogenesis of the destructive arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
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Park J, Yoo S, Lim M, Ryu J, Oh H, Hwang S, Yang S, Jung K, Yoon S, Park B, Park S, Kim H, Cho M, Park Y. A bispecific soluble receptor fusion protein that targets TNF‐α and IL‐21 for synergistic therapy in inflammatory arthritis. FASEB J 2019; 34:248-262. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900816rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Sil Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mi‐Ae Lim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Geol Ryu
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Joa Oh
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sun‐Hee Hwang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - SeungCheon Yang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ah Jung
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sung‐Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho‐Youn Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mi‐La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
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108
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The Dichotomous Nature of AZ5104 (an EGFR Inhibitor) Towards RORγ and RORγT. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225780. [PMID: 31744223 PMCID: PMC6887705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RORC (RAR related orphan receptor C) gene produces two isoforms by alternative promoter usage: RORγ (nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1) and RORγT (nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1). Both proteins have distinct tissue distributions and are involved in several physiological processes, including glucose/lipid metabolism and the development of Th17 lymphocytes. Previously, we developed a stably transfected reporter cell line and used it to screen a library of kinase inhibitors. We found that AZ5104 acts as an RORγ agonist at low micromolar concentrations. Molecular docking analysis showed that this compound occupies the ligand binding domain of the receptor with a significant docking score. However, analysis of the biological activity of this compound in Th17 cells revealed that it downregulates RORγT expression and Th17-related cytokine production via inhibition of SRC-ERK-STAT3 (SRC proto-oncogene - extracellular regulated MAP kinase - signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). We thus identified a compound acting as an agonist of RORγ that, due to the inhibition of downstream elements of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling, exerts different biological activity towards a Th17-specific isoform. Additionally, our results may be relevant in the future for the design of treatments targeting signaling pathways that inhibit Th17-related inflammation in certain autoimmune disorders.
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109
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Agerholm R, Rizk J, Viñals MT, Bekiaris V. STAT3 but not STAT4 is critical for γδT17 cell responses and skin inflammation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48647. [PMID: 31549795 PMCID: PMC6832010 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT3 and STAT4 are essential for lymphocyte differentiation and function. Interleukin (IL)-17 producing γδ T (γδT17) cells are innate lymphocytes important for anti-bacterial and inflammatory responses at barrier surfaces. Herein, we examine the role of STAT3 and STAT4 in regulating the homeostasis, activation, and pathogenicity of γδT17 cells. We show that STAT3 sustains γδT17 numbers in the skin but not in the lymph nodes, while STAT4 deficiency does not affect their homeostasis. Similarly, STAT3 but not STAT4 is essential for IL-23-induced IL-22 production by γδT17 cells. Concomitantly, mice lacking STAT3 expression in γδT17 cells develop significantly reduced psoriasis-like inflammation. STAT3-deficient γδT17 cells fail to expand and to upregulate IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in response to psoriatic stimuli. Although STAT4-deficient animals develop psoriasis-like disease, γδT17 cells in these mice are defective in IL-17F production. Collectively, our data demonstrate for the first time a critical role for STAT3 in orchestrating the homeostasis and pathogenicity of γδT17 cells and provide evidence for the requirement of STAT4 for optimal cytokine responses during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Agerholm
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkKgs LyngbyDenmark
| | - John Rizk
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkKgs LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Vasileios Bekiaris
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkKgs LyngbyDenmark
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110
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Tan Y, Chen W, Liu C, Zheng X, Guo A, Long J. Effect of IL-21 on the Balance of Th17 Cells/Treg Cells in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease. Endocr Res 2019; 44:138-147. [PMID: 31055979 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2019.1600535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-21 in the regulation of Th17/Treg cells in GD. We recruited 28 newly diagnosed GD patients, 27 GD patients in remission (eGD), and 24 normal controls (NC). Thyroid function and autoantibodies were evaluated by electrochemical luminescence. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured with or without recombinant human interleukin-21 (rhIL-21), and mRNA and protein levels were quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Compared with those in the eGD and control groups, the thyroid function indexes and autoantibodies levels were significantly different in the GD group (P < 0.05). Without rhIL-21 stimulation, the expression levels of retinoid-related orphan gamma t (RORγt), IL-17, IL-22, forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) and IL-10 mRNA and the IL-10 and IL-22 proteins were significantly higher in the GD group than those in the eGD and control groups (P < 0.05). rhIL-21 stimulation increased the RORγt, IL-17, and IL-22 mRNA levels and IL-22 protein levels and decreased the Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA levels and IL-10 protein levels (P < 0.05) in the GD group. In conclusion, our analyses demonstrated that IL-21 might induce the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Th17 cells and reduce Treg cell differentiation, which could contribute to activation of the downstream immune response and the pathogenesis of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Downregulates Th17 Cells and Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Schistosoma japonicum Infection. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101262. [PMID: 31623153 PMCID: PMC6829618 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is an immunopathogenic disease in which Th17 cells play vital roles. Hepatic granuloma formation and subsequent fibrosis are its main pathologic manifestations and the leading causes of hepatic cirrhosis, and effective therapeutic interventions are lacking. In this study, we explored the effects of fasudil, a selective RhoA-Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on Th17 cells and the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. METHODS Mice were infected with Schistosoma japonicum and treated with fasudil. The worm burden, hepatic granuloma formation, and fibrosis were evaluated. The roles of fasudil on Th17, Treg, and hepatic stellate cells were analyzed. RESULTS Fasudil therapy markedly reduced the granuloma size and collagen deposit in livers from mice infected with S. japonicum. However, fasudil therapy did not affect the worm burden in infected mice. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms were investigated. Fasudil suppressed the activation and induced the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. Fasudil inhibited the differentiation and effector cytokine secretion of Th17 cells, whereas it upregulated Treg cells in vitro. It also restrained the in vivo interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17 levels in infected mice. Fasudil directly induced the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and downregulated the expressions of hepatic fibrogenic genes, such as collagen type I (Col-I), Col-III, and transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1). These effects may contribute to its anti-pathogenic roles in schistosomiasis. CONCLUSIONS Fasudil inhibits hepatic granuloma formation and fibrosis with downregulation of Th17 cells. Fasudil might serve as a novel therapeutic agent for hepatic fibrosis due to schistosome infections and perhaps other disorders.
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112
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Howell MD, Kuo FI, Smith PA. Targeting the Janus Kinase Family in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2342. [PMID: 31649667 PMCID: PMC6794457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are characterized by significant local and systemic inflammation that is largely mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Advanced understanding of this pathway has led to the development of targeted inhibitors of Janus kinases (JAKinibs). As a class, JAK inhibitors effectively treat a multitude of hematologic and inflammatory diseases. Growing evidence suggests that JAK inhibitors are efficacious in atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, psoriasis, and vitiligo. Additional evidence suggests that JAK inhibition might be broadly useful in dermatology, with early reports of efficacy in several other conditions. JAK inhibitors can be administered orally or used topically and represent a promising new class of medications. Here we review the evolving data on the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in inflammatory dermatoses and the potential therapeutic benefit of JAK-STAT antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona I Kuo
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Paul A Smith
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, United States
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113
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Zhang S, Zhang G, Wan YY. SKI and SMAD4 are essential for IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:260-268. [PMID: 31398665 PMCID: PMC6857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are essential for the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the presence of TGF-β, the differentiation of Th17 cells can be induced by inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6, which is mainly produced by antigen presenting cells (APCs); or IL-21, which is derived from T cells. IL-21 is required for IL-6-induced Th17 cell differentiation. However, the key regulators and underlying mechanisms for IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation is still elusive. Here we show that SMAD4 is a key regulator in IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation. SMAD4 deficient naïve T cells can differentiate into Th17 cells in the absence of TGF-β signaling, and these Th17 cells are pathogenic during EAE. SMAD4 represses Rorc mRNA transcription to constrain IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation in the absence of TGF-β signaling. While in the presence of TGF-β, SMAD4 losses its suppressive ability due to the degradation of SKI. Mutation of Y429A or A432E on SMAD4 disrupts the interaction of SKI from SMAD4 and eliminates SMAD4 mediated suppression of Th17 differentiation. SMAD4 is indispensable for SKI binding to Rorc promoter region to regulate Th17 differentiation. Moreover, activin can induce Th17 differentiation in combination with IL-21, and the process is also subjected to the control of SKI and SMAD4. This study therefore elucidates critical mechanism for IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation to indicate SKI and SMAD4 as potential therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Seo DG, Kim S, Lee DK, Kim NY, Lee JS, Hwang KW, Park SY. Inhibitory effect of α-amyrin acetate isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla on Th17 polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:153056. [PMID: 31398661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are differentiated from CD4+ T cells, drive inflammation, leading to autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, inhibiting Th17 polarization could be a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. PURPOSE We investigated the inhibitory effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla (Oleaceae) on Th17 differentiation and found its active component. STUDY DESIGN The activity of F. rhynchophylla and its active constituent was verified using CD4+ cells extracted from C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Micro-environment for Th17 polarization was provided to CD4+ cells and the effect of treatment with samples was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot. RESULTS The extract of F. rhynchophylla Hance and its chemical constituent, α-amyrin acetate, which was isolated via bioassay-guided isolation, significantly inhibited Th17 polarization as revealed when interleukin (IL)-17, a characteristic cytokine produced by Th17 cells, was measured. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of α-amyrin acetate was compared to the amyrin derivatives, α-amyrin and β-amyrin. All displayed a suppressive effect on Th17 polarization and all reduced the expression of single transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), which are crucial transcription factors regulating Th17 differentiation. α-Amyrin acetate, however, exhibited the most prominent effects, which indicates that the functional group, acetate, might strengthen the inhibitory effect on Th17 differentiation. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that the extract of F. rhynchophylla and its active constituent, α-amyrin acetate, could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Gun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Lin F, Meng X, Guo Y, Cao W, Liu W, Xia Q, Hui Z, Chen J, Hong S, Zhang X, Wu C, Wang D, Wang J, Lu L, Qian W, Wei L, Wang L. Epigenetic initiation of the T H17 differentiation program is promoted by Cxxc finger protein 1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1608. [PMID: 31633019 PMCID: PMC6785255 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
IL-6/STAT3 signaling is known to initiate the TH17 differentiation program, but the upstream regulatory mechanisms remain minimally explored. Here, we show that Cxxc finger protein 1 (Cxxc1) promoted the generation of TH17 cells as an epigenetic regulator and prevented their differentiation into Treg cells. Mice with a T cell-specific deletion of Cxxc1 were protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and were more susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Cxxc1 deficiency decreased IL-6Rα expression and impeded IL-6/STAT3 signaling, whereas the overexpression of IL-6Rα could partially reverse the defects in Cxxc1-deficient TH17 cells in vitro and in vivo. Genome-wide occupancy analysis revealed that Cxxc1 bound to Il6rα gene loci by maintaining the appropriate H3K4me3 modification of its promoter. Therefore, these data highlight that Cxxc1 as a key regulator governs the balance between TH17 and Treg cells by controlling the expression of IL-6Rα, which affects IL-6/STAT3 signaling and has an impact on TH17-related autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Citrobacter rodentium/physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/pathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Histones/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Guo
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Qiming Xia
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hui
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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116
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G-MDSC-derived exosomes attenuate collagen-induced arthritis by impairing Th1 and Th17 cell responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165540. [PMID: 31470074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) remains controversial. We analyzed the role of exosomes derived from granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) in CIA and explored the potential mechanism underlying the immunosuppressive effect. In CIA mice, G-MDSC-derived exosomes (G-exo) efficiently reduced the mean arthritis index, leukocyte infiltration and joint destruction. G-exo decreased the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells both in vivo and in vitro. The miR-29a-3p and miR-93-5p contained in G-exo were verified to inhibit Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation by targeting T-bet and STAT3, respectively. Notably, the delivery of exogenous miR-29a-3p and miR-93-5p enhanced the ability of bone marrow-derived G-exo to attenuate arthritis progression in CIA mice. Exosomes derived from human MDSCs, which overexpressed miR-29a-3p and miR-93-5p, suppressed Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. These data showed that G-exo alleviated CIA by suppressing Th1 and Th17 cell responses. Mechanistically, miR-29a-3p and miR-93-5p were verified to inhibit the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Our findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of G-MDSC-derived exosomal miRNAs in autoimmune arthritis.
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117
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Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a term that refers to a group of inflammatory diseases that includes psoriatic arthritis, axial SpA and nonradiographic axial SpA, reactive arthritis, enteropathic arthritis and undifferentiated SpA. The disease subtypes share clinical and immunological features, including joint inflammation (peripheral and axial skeleton); skin, gut and eye manifestations; and the absence of diagnostic autoantibodies (seronegative). The diseases also share genetic factors. The aetiology of SpA is still the subject of research by many groups worldwide. Evidence from genetic, experimental and clinical studies has accumulated to indicate a clear role for the IL-17 pathway in the pathogenesis of SpA. The IL-17 family consists of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E and IL-17F, of which IL-17A is the best studied. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that also has the capacity to promote angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Of the six family members, IL-17A has the strongest homology with IL-17F. In this Review, we discuss how IL-17A and IL-17F and their cellular sources might contribute to the immunopathology of SpA.
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118
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Chen Q, Lv J, Yang W, Xu B, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Han Y. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 as a potential treatment strategy for atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:6424-6442. [PMID: 31588227 PMCID: PMC6771242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has attracted more attention in recent years. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays essential roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 activation has been shown to contribute to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the study of STAT3 inhibitors has gradually become a focal research topic. In this review, we describe the crucial roles of STAT3 in endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage polarization, inflammation, and immunity during atherosclerosis. STAT3 in mitochondria is mentioned as well. Then, we present a summary and classification of STAT3 inhibitors, which could offer potential treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we enumerate some of the problems that have interfered with the development of mature therapies utilizing STAT3 inhibitors to treat atherosclerosis. Finally, we propose ideas that may help to solve these problems to some extent. Collectively, this review may be useful for developing future STAT3 inhibitor therapies for atherosclerosis.
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119
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Ait-Oufella H, Libby P, Tedgui A. Anticytokine Immune Therapy and Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1510-1519. [PMID: 31294625 PMCID: PMC6681658 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.311998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating observations in humans and animals indicate that inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis development and subsequent complications. Moreover, the use of loss- or gain-of-function genetically modified, atherosclerosis-prone mice has provided strong experimental evidence for a causal role of innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis and has revealed the pathogenic activity of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IL (interleukin)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, and the atheroprotective effect of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-β. For the past 15 years, treatments using monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting cytokines, commonly referred as biological therapies, have transformed the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, both conditions associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Analyzing the impact of anticytokine therapies on the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases provides insight into the clinical relevance of experimental data on the role of inflammation in atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. CANTOS (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) provided the first evidence that targeting inflammation in humans with atherosclerosis could improve clinical outcomes. Treatment with the anti-IL-1β antibody canakinumab significantly reduced recurrent cardiovascular events in individuals with stable coronary artery disease well-treated with standard-of-care measures. Other clinical studies support the protective effects of treatment with anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies on cardiovascular risk. Blockade of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, however, warrants caution as a cardiovascular intervention. Targeting this pathway has improved psoriasis but may augment cardiovascular risk in certain patients. Thus, careful consideration of the cardiovascular risk profile may influence the choice of the most appropriate treatment for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Université de Paris, Inserm U970, Paris
Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Service de Réanimation Médicale,
Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Université de Paris, Inserm U970, Paris
Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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120
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T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:475-490. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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121
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Yang JQ, Kalim KW, Li Y, Zheng Y, Guo F. Ablation of RhoA impairs Th17 cell differentiation and alleviates house dust mite-triggered allergic airway inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1139-1151. [PMID: 31260596 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0119-025rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway inflammation in which Th2 and Th17 cells are key players in its pathogenesis. We have reported that RhoA of Rho GTPases orchestrated glycolysis for Th2 cell differentiation and allergic airway inflammation by the use of a conditional RhoA-deficient mouse line. However, the role of RhoA in Th17 cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of RhoA deficiency on Th17 cells in the context of ex vivo cell culture systems and an in vivo house dust mites (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation. We found that RhoA deficiency inhibited Th17 differentiation and effector cytokine secretion, which was associated with the downregulations of Stat3 and Rorγt, key Th17 transcription factors. Furthermore, loss of RhoA markedly suppressed Th17 and neutrophil-involved airway inflammation induced by HDM in mice. The infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were dramatically reduced in conditional RhoA-deficient mice. Th17 as well as Th2 effector cytokines were suppressed in the airways at both protein and mRNA levels. Interestingly, Y16, a specific RhoA inhibitor, was able to recapitulate the most phenotypes of RhoA genetic deletion in Th17 differentiation and allergic airway inflammation. Our data demonstrate that RhoA is a key regulator of Th17 cell differentiation and function. RhoA might serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for asthma and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasitic and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Khalid W Kalim
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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122
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Revu S, Wu J, Henkel M, Rittenhouse N, Menk A, Delgoffe GM, Poholek AC, McGeachy MJ. IL-23 and IL-1β Drive Human Th17 Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Absence of CD28 Costimulation. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells drive autoimmune disease but also control commensal microbes. A common link among antigens from self-proteins or commensal microbiota is relatively low activation of T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulation signaling. Indeed, strong TCR/CD28 stimulation suppressed Th17 cell differentiation from human naive T cells, but not effector/memory cells. CD28 suppressed the classical Th17 transcriptional program, while inducing known Th17 regulators, and acted through an Akt-dependent mechanism. Th17 cells differentiated without CD28 were not anergic: they showed robust proliferation and maintained Th17 cytokine production following restimulation. Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β promoted glucose uptake and increased glycolysis. Although modestly increased compared to CD28 costimulation, glycolysis was necessary to support Th17 differentiation, indicating that cytokine-mediated metabolic shifts were sufficient to obviate the classical requirement for CD28 in Th17 differentiation. Together, these data propose that, in humans, strength of TCR/CD28/Akt activation serves as a rheostat tuning the magnitude of Th17 development driven by IL-23 and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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123
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Capone A, Bianco M, Ruocco G, De Bardi M, Battistini L, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Centonze D, Sette C, Volpe E. Distinct Expression of Inflammatory Features in T Helper 17 Cells from Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Cells 2019; 8:E533. [PMID: 31167379 PMCID: PMC6628300 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Indeed, Th17 cells are abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of MS patients and promote pathogenesis in the mouse model of MS. To gain insight into the function of Th17 cells in MS, we tested whether Th17 cells polarized from naïve CD4 T cells of healthy donors and MS patients display different features. To this end, we analysed several parameters that typify the Th17 profile during the differentiation process of naïve CD4 T cells obtained from relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS patients (n = 31) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 28). Analysis of an array of cytokines produced by Th17 cells revealed that expression of interleukin (IL)-21, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-β, IL-2 and IL-1R1 is significantly increased in Th17 cells derived from MS patients compared to healthy donor-derived cells. Interestingly, IL-1R1 expression is also increased in Th17 cells circulating in the blood of MS patients compared to healthy donors. Since IL-2, IL-21, TNF-β, and IL-1R1 play a crucial role in the activation of immune cells, our data indicate that high expression of these molecules in Th17 cells from MS patients could be related to their high inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Capone
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuela Bianco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Ruocco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Claudio Sette
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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124
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Curcumin: a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in the immune system. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:885-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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125
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Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis Blockade Improves Inflammation by Regulating Th17 Cell Differentiation in DSS-Induced Chronic Colitis Mice. Inflammation 2019; 42:1530-1541. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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126
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Komuczki J, Tuzlak S, Friebel E, Hartwig T, Spath S, Rosenstiel P, Waisman A, Opitz L, Oukka M, Schreiner B, Pelczar P, Becher B. Fate-Mapping of GM-CSF Expression Identifies a Discrete Subset of Inflammation-Driving T Helper Cells Regulated by Cytokines IL-23 and IL-1β. Immunity 2019; 50:1289-1304.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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127
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Kunkl M, Mastrogiovanni M, Porciello N, Caristi S, Monteleone E, Arcieri S, Tuosto L. CD28 Individual Signaling Up-regulates Human IL-17A Expression by Promoting the Recruitment of RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 Transcription Factors on the Proximal Promoter. Front Immunol 2019; 10:864. [PMID: 31068940 PMCID: PMC6491678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD28 is an important co-stimulatory receptor for T lymphocytes that, in humans, delivers TCR-independent signal leading to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have recently reported that CD28 autonomous signaling induces the expression of IL-17A in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy donors, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes patients. Due to the relevance of IL-17A in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, we characterized the mechanisms and signaling mediators responsible for CD28-induced IL-17A expression. Here we show that CD28-mediated up-regulation of IL-17A gene expression depends on RelA/NF-κB and IL-6-associated STAT3 transcriptions factors. In particular, we found that CD28-activated RelA/NF-κB induces the expression of IL-6 that, in a positive feedback loop, mediates the activation and nuclear translocation of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). pSTAT3 in turn cooperates with RelA/NF-κB by binding specific sequences within the proximal promoter of human IL-17A gene, thus inducing its expression. Finally, by using specific inhibitory drugs, we also identified class 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as a critical upstream regulator of CD28-mediated RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 recruitments and trans-activation of IL-17A promoter. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which human CD28 may amplify IL-17A expression in human T lymphocytes and provide biological bases for immunotherapeutic approaches targeting CD28-associated class 1A PI3K to dampen IL-17A-mediated inflammatory response in autoimmune/inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nicla Porciello
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Caristi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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128
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Park J, Choi S, Hwang S, Kim S, Choi J, Jung K, Kwon JY, Kong Y, Cho M, Park S. CR6-interacting factor 1 controls autoimmune arthritis by regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway and T helper type 17 cells. Immunology 2019; 156:413-421. [PMID: 30585643 PMCID: PMC6418438 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) is a nuclear protein that interacts with other nuclear factors and androgen receptors, and is implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth. In this study, we examined whether CRIF1 exerts an immunoregulatory effect by modulating the differentiation and function of pathogenic T cells. To this end, the role of CRIF1 in rheumatoid arthritis, a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hyperplasia of synovial tissue and progressive destruction of articular cartilage structure by pathogenic immune cells [such as T helper type 17 (Th17) cells], was investigated. p3XFLAG-CMV-10-CRIF1 was administered to mice with collagen-induced arthritis 8 days after collagen type II immunization and the disease severity and histologic evaluation, and osteoclastogenesis were assessed. CRIF1 over-expression in mice with collagen-induced arthritis attenuated the clinical and histological signs of inflammatory arthritis. Furthermore, over-expression of CRIF1 in mice with arthritis significantly reduced the number of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated Th17 cells in the spleen as well as osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cells. To investigate the impact of loss of CRIF1 in T cells, we generated a conditional CRIF1 gene ablation model using CD4-cre transgenic mice and examined the frequency of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells. Deficiency of CRIF1 in CD4+ cells promoted the production of interleukin-17 and reduced the frequency of regulatory T cells. These results suggest a role for CRIF1 in modulating the activities of Th17 cells and osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Sil Park
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Si‐Young Choi
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun‐Hee Hwang
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sung‐Min Kim
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ah Jung
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kwon
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young‐Yun Kong
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Mi‐La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Medical Life ScienceCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Sung‐Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research CenterCatholic Research Institute of Medical ScienceThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
- Divison of RheumatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
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129
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Xiong H, Wei L, Peng B. The Presence and involvement of interleukin-17 in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1128-1137. [PMID: 30859589 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periapical tissue inflammation and destruction of the associated alveolar bone. It is caused by microbial infections within the root canal and the resultant host immune responses in the periapical tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 has been shown to play an important role in many inflammatory diseases. There is increasing evidence of the presence of IL-17 in AP, which might be associated with disease pathogenesis. Moreover, several animal studies indicate the potential role of IL-17 in periapical inflammation and the resultant bone resorption in AP. This article reviews recent studies regarding the collective in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence of the presence and involvement of IL-17 in AP. A search related to IL-17 in apical periodontitis was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keywords and controlled vocabulary. Two independent reviewers first screened titles and abstracts and then the full texts that were included. A total of 25 papers were identified, of the 25 included articles, 7 involved laboratory studies on cell cultures, 11 involved animal experimentations, and 7 were observational studies using human clinical samples. In conclusion, evidence for the presence of IL-17 in AP from human and animal models is clear. However, there is relatively little information currently available that would highlight the specific role of IL-17 in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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130
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Evasovic JM, Singer CA. Regulation of IL-17A and implications for TGF-β1 comodulation of airway smooth muscle remodeling in severe asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L843-L868. [PMID: 30810068 PMCID: PMC6589583 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00416.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma develops as a result of heightened, persistent symptoms that generally coincide with pronounced neutrophilic airway inflammation. In individuals with severe asthma, symptoms are poorly controlled by high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids and often lead to elevated morbidity and mortality rates that underscore the necessity for novel drug target identification that overcomes limitations in disease management. Many incidences of severe asthma are mechanistically associated with T helper 17 (TH17) cell-derived cytokines and immune factors that mediate neutrophilic influx to the airways. TH17-secreted interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is an independent risk factor for severe asthma that impacts airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling. TH17-derived cytokines and diverse immune mediators further interact with structural cells of the airway to induce pathophysiological processes that impact ASM functionality. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pivotal mediator involved in airway remodeling that correlates with enhanced TH17 activity in individuals with severe asthma and is essential to TH17 differentiation and IL-17A production. IL-17A can also reciprocally enhance activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathways, whereas combined TH1/TH17 or TH2/TH17 immune responses may additively impact asthma severity. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of cytokine-driven T cell fate determination and TH17-mediated airway inflammation. It will further review the evidence demonstrating the extent to which IL-17A interacts with various immune factors, specifically TGF-β1, to contribute to ASM remodeling and altered function in TH17-driven endotypes of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Evasovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada
| | - Cherie A Singer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada
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131
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Verstappen GM, Kroese FGM, Bootsma H. T cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome: targets for early intervention. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:3088-3098. [PMID: 30770920 PMCID: PMC8516500 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A histologic hallmark of primary SS (pSS) is lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, in particular by CD4+ T and B cells. In the early stages of the disease, infiltrates are dominated by CD4+ T cells, while B cell accumulation occurs at later stages. Activated T cells contribute to pathogenesis by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and by inducing B cell activation, which results in the establishment of a positive feedback loop. In the inflamed glandular tissues, many different CD4+ effector subsets are present, including IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells, IL-17-producing Th17 cells and IL-21-producing T follicular helper cells. In blood from pSS patients, frequently observed abnormalities of the T cell compartment are CD4+ T cell lymphopenia and enrichment of circulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells are critical mediators of T cell–dependent B cell hyperactivity and these cells can be targeted by immunotherapy. Inhibition of T cell activation, preferably early in the disease process, can mitigate B cell activity and may be a promising treatment approach in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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132
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Ricard L, Jachiet V, Malard F, Ye Y, Stocker N, Rivière S, Senet P, Monfort JB, Fain O, Mohty M, Gaugler B, Mekinian A. Circulating follicular helper T cells are increased in systemic sclerosis and promote plasmablast differentiation through the IL-21 pathway which can be inhibited by ruxolitinib. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:539-550. [PMID: 30760472 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by widespread fibrosis, microangiopathy and autoantibodies. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ cooperate with B lymphocytes to induce the differentiation of plasmocytes secreting immunoglobulins (Ig). Circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells are increased in several autoimmune diseases. However, there are no data about cTfh cells and their interaction with B cells in SSc. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of cTfh cells in SSc. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we analysed cTfh cells from 50 patients with SSc and 32 healthy controls (HC). In vitro coculture experiments of sorted cTfh and B cells were performed for functional analysis. IgG and IgM production were measured by ELISA. RESULTS We observed that cTfh cell numbers are increased in patients with SSc compared with HC. Furthermore, the increase in cTfh cells was more potent in patients with severe forms of SSc such as diffuse SSc and in the presence of arterial pulmonary hypertension. cTfh cells from patients with SSc present an activated Tfh phenotype, with high expression of BCL-6, increased capacity to produce IL-21 in comparison with healthy controls. In vitro, cTfh cells from patients with SSc had higher capacity to stimulate the differentiation of CD19+CD27+CD38hi B cells and their secretion of IgG and IgM through the IL-21 pathway than Tfh cells from healthy controls. Blocking IL-21R or using the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced the Tfh cells' capacity to stimulate the plasmablasts and decreased the Ig production. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Tfh cells are increased in SSc and correlate with SSc severity. The IL-21 pathway or JAK1/2 blockade by ruxolitinib could be a promising strategy in the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Ricard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Jachiet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Yishan Ye
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stocker
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Rivière
- Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Senet
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Fain
- Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France .,Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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The Cytomegalovirus-Specific IL-21 ELISpot Correlates with Allograft Function of Kidney Transplant Recipients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123945. [PMID: 30544783 PMCID: PMC6320857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In kidney transplant recipients, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently causing infection/reactivation and can trigger allograft rejection. To assess the risk of reactivation, the cellular immune response against CMV is increasingly assessed by cellular in vitro methods, such as the interferon (IFN)-γ ELISpot. In the current study we compared the IFN-γ ELISpot with our newly established CMV-specific ELISpot assays determining IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, granzyme B, and perforin and correlated the results with flow cytometric data and clinical parameters. In 77 kidney transplant recipients, the highest frequency was observed for CMV pp65-specific cells secreting IFN-γ, followed by cells secreting IL-21 (62.9 and 23.2 Δ spot forming cells/105 cells). We observed a positive correlation between the percentage of CMV-specific CD3+ CD4+ CD154+ cells and results of the CMV-specific IL-21 ELISpot (p = 0.002). Results of the CMV pp65-specific IL-21 ELISpot correlated negatively with kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, p = 0.006) and were significantly higher in women (p = 0.005). IL-21, a cytokine involved in aging that is secreted by activated CD4+ T cells, may also impact on allograft function. Thus, the CMV-specific IL-21 ELISpot could become a new tool to assess if CMV seropositivity represents a hazard for the graft.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease that is pathogenically driven by proinflammatory cytokines. This article reviews the immunologic role of interleukin (IL)-17, the major effector cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease, along with the rationale for targeting the IL-17 cytokine family (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17 receptor A) in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Emerging evidence indicates that major sources of IL-17A in patients with psoriatic disease are mast cells, γδ T cells, αβ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells in lesional skin and synovial fluid. Within the skin and joints, IL-17A acts on cellular targets, including keratinocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, to stimulate production of various antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and proinflammatory and proliferative cytokines, which, in turn, promote tissue inflammation and bone remodeling. The critical importance of the IL-23/IL-17A axis to the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease has resulted in many new biologic treatments targeting these cytokines. These biologics dramatically improve skin and joint symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, 9495 SW Locust St, Suite G, Portland, OR,, 97223, USA.
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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135
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Li H, Lee DJ. Epidemiology and Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis and Its Comorbidities. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-018-0243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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136
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Furlong S, Coombs MRP, Ghassemi-Rad J, Hoskin DW. Thy-1 (CD90) Signaling Preferentially Promotes RORγt Expression and a Th17 Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:158. [PMID: 30533413 PMCID: PMC6265317 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 (CD90) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP) with signaling properties that is abundant on mouse T cells. Upon antibody-mediated crosslinking, Thy-1 provides a T cell receptor (TcR)-like signal that is sufficient to drive CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector cells when costimulatory signals are provided by syngeneic lipopolysaccharide-matured bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of Thy-1 signaling on the production of the T helper (Th) cell subset-associated cytokines, interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A, as well as the in vitro polarization of highly purified resting CD4+ T cells into Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Although CD8+ T cells expressed more Thy-1 than CD4+ T cells, both T cell populations were equally responsive to Thy-1 stimulation. In contrast to TcR stimulation of CD3+ T cells, which favored IFNγ and IL-4 production, Thy-1 signaling favored IL-17 synthesis, indicating a previously unidentified difference between the consequences of Thy-1 and TcR signal transduction. Moreover, Thy-1 signaling preferentially induced the Th17-associated transcription factor RORγt in CD4+ T cells. As with TcR signaling, Thy-1 stimulation of CD4+ T cells under the appropriate polarizing conditions resulted in Th1, Th2 or Th17 cell induction; however, Thy-1 stimulation induced nearly 7- and 2-fold more IL-4 and IL-17A, respectively, but only slightly more IFNγ. The ability to provide a TcR-like signal capable of promoting T helper cell differentiation and cytokine synthesis was not common to all GPI-APs since cross-linking of Ly6A/E with mitogenic mAb did not promote substantial production of IFNγ, IL-4 or IL-17, although there was a substantial proliferative response. The preferential induction of RORγt and Th17 cytokine synthesis as a consequence of Thy-1 signaling suggests a default T helper cell response that may enhance host defense against extracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Furlong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - David W Hoskin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Interleukin 21 (IL-21)/microRNA-29 (miR-29) axis is associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2018; 32:2453-2461. [PMID: 30005016 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-21 (IL-21) modulates HIV-1 infection through the elicitation of different antiviral mechanisms, including Th17 lineage commitment and induction of microRNA (miR)-29, a miRNA endowed with anti-HIV activity. As miR-29 expression is significantly increased in HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN), we investigated the role of miR-29/IL21 axis in the natural control of HIV-1 infection. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 15 Italian sexually exposed HESN and 15 HIV-unexposed healthy controls were in-vitro infected with an R5-tropic HIV-1Ba-L strain. Seven days post HIV-1 infection we evaluated: 1) p24 production (ELISA); 2) CD4/IL-21 and CD4/IL-17 T lymphocytes (FACS); 3) IL-17 concentration in supernatants (ELISA); and 4) IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, and miR-29a,b,c expression by CD4 T lymphocytes as well as perforin and granzyme by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (qPCR). The same analyses were performed on the 15 HIV-positive partners. RESULTS At baseline IL-6 expression alone was increased in HESN compared to healthy controls. Seven days after in-vitro HIV-1 infection, nevertheless, differences emerged. Thus, CD4/IL21 and CD4/IL17 T lymphocytes, as well as IL-21 and IL-17 expression and production were significantly augmented in HESN compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, IL-21 upregulation correlated with a significantly increased expression of miR-29a,b,c and a reduced susceptibility to in-vitro HIV-1 infection in HESN alone. No differences were observed in perforin and granzyme expression. CONCLUSION The IL-21/miR-29 axis is upregulated by HIV-1 infection in HESN suggesting its involvement in the natural resistance to HIV-1 infection in HESN. Approaches that exogenously increase IL-21 production or prompt preexisting cellular IL-21 reservoir could confine the magnitude of the initial HIV-1 infection.
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Xie R, Chen Y, Qi M, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Xu Z, Xu H, Yuan Y, Nie H, Zhou T, Mao E, Chen E, Fei J. Increased frequency of circulating Tfh cells in patients with acute pancreatitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5300-5308. [PMID: 31949610 PMCID: PMC6963031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considered as true helper cells for B cells in antibody response, Tfh cells are associated with inflammation and immune abnormality. Acute pancreatitis is an acute abdominal disease characterized by inflammatory response and immune disorder. Thus, our objective was to study the frequency of circulating Tfh cells, together with the Tfh cell-related CD4+ T cells and inflammatory factors in patients with acute pancreatitis. We first examined the frequency of circulating Tfh cell subsets by detecting the expression of CXCR5, PD-1, ICOS and IL-21 by flow cytometry analysis. Then we investigated the abundance of helper T cells and Treg cells. In addition, the plasma level of IgA, IgM, and Tfh cell-related inflammatory factor were detected by cytometric bead array. We showed that the frequency of circulating Tfh cells increased significantly in patients of acute pancreatitis, including CD4+CXCR5+ cells, CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ cells, CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+ cells, and CD4+CXCR5+IL-21+ cells. Also, increases in plasma IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-21 and IgA were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis compared to HCs. This finding indicates that Tfh cells play a vital role in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis that is dependent on IL-6 and IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Xie
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Mengzhi Qi
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Yuan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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139
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Yoshio S, Mano Y, Doi H, Shoji H, Shimagaki T, Sakamoto Y, Kawai H, Matsuda M, Mori T, Osawa Y, Korenaga M, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Mita E, Katayama K, Tanaka J, Kanto T. Cytokine and chemokine signatures associated with hepatitis B surface antigen loss in hepatitis B patients. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122268. [PMID: 30333304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, defined as functional cure, is a clinical target in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CH). To understand the immune responses underlying functional cure, we evaluated cytokine and chemokine expression profiles from patients with resolving and nonresolving acute hepatitis B (AH). METHODS We cross-sectionally evaluated 41 chemokines and cytokines at the peak of hepatitis in the sera from 41 self-limited AH patients who achieved HBsAg seroconversion, 8 AH patients who failed to clear HBsAg within 1 year after the diagnosis, 8 CH patients with hepatic flare, and 14 healthy volunteers. We longitudinally examined 41 chemokines and cytokines in the sera from 4 self-limited AH patients, 3 chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and 2 CH patients treated with nucleotide analogs and PEG-IFN-α, one resulting in functional cure. RESULTS In AH patients and HBV-inoculated chimpanzees with HBsAg loss, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, and IL-21 were elevated at hepatitis with subsequent decline of HBsAg. Interestingly, IL-21 elevation was observed only in resolving AH patients but not in nonresolvers. CXCL13 and IL-21 elevation was not observed in CH patients who failed to attain HBsAg loss, even at hepatic flare. A concomitant increase of CXCL13 and IL-21 was significant in CH patients who attained HBsAg seroconversion with a sequential therapy. CONCLUSION Elevation of serum CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, and IL-21 might be a hallmark of functional cure of AH or CH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Yoshio
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Mano
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doi
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shimagaki
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sakamoto
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hironari Kawai
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Osawa
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Department of Genome Medical Sciences Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Department of Genome Medical Sciences Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Mita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Japan
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Zhang S. The role of transforming growth factor β in T helper 17 differentiation. Immunology 2018; 155:24-35. [PMID: 29682722 PMCID: PMC6099164 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells play critical roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The lineage-specific transcription factor RORγt is the key regulator for Th17 cell fate commitment. A substantial number of studies have established the importance of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) -dependent pathways in inducing RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation. TGF-β superfamily members TGF-β1 , TGF-β3 or activin A, in concert with interleukin-6 or interleukin-21, differentiate naive T cells into Th17 cells. Alternatively, Th17 differentiation can occur through TGF-β-independent pathways. However, the mechanism of how TGF-β-dependent and TGF-β-independent pathways control Th17 differentiation remains controversial. This review focuses on the perplexing role of TGF-β in Th17 differentiation, depicts the requirement of TGF-β for Th17 development, and underscores the multiple mechanisms underlying TGF-β-promoted Th17 generation, pathogenicity and plasticity. With new insights and comprehension from recent findings, this review specifically tackles the involvement of the canonical TGF-β signalling components, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4, summarizes diverse SMAD-independent mechanisms, and highlights the importance of TGF-β signalling in balancing the reciprocal conversion of Th17 and regulatory T cells. Finally, this review includes discussions and perspectives and raises important mechanistic questions about the role of TGF-β in Th17 generation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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141
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Chuang HC, Tsai CY, Hsueh CH, Tan TH. GLK-IKKβ signaling induces dimerization and translocation of the AhR-RORγt complex in IL-17A induction and autoimmune disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat5401. [PMID: 30214937 PMCID: PMC6135549 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) controls the transcription of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Severity of several human autoimmune diseases is correlated with frequencies of germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) (also known as MAP4K3)-overexpressing T cells; however, the mechanism of GLK overexpression-induced autoimmunity remains unclear. We report the signal transduction converging on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-RORγt interaction to activate transcription of the IL-17A gene in T cells. T cell-specific GLK transgenic mice spontaneously developed autoimmune diseases with selective induction of IL-17A in T cells. In GLK transgenic T cells, protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) phosphorylated AhR at Ser36 and induced AhR nuclear translocation. AhR also interacted with RORγt and transported RORγt into the nucleus. IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase β)-mediated RORγt Ser489 phosphorylation induced the AhR-RORγt interaction. T cell receptor (TCR) signaling also induced the novel RORγt phosphorylation and subsequent AhR-RORγt interaction. Collectively, TCR signaling or GLK overexpression induces IL-17A transcription through the IKKβ-mediated RORγt phosphorylation and the AhR-RORγt interaction in T cells. Our findings suggest that inhibitors of GLK or the AhR-RORγt complex could be used as IL-17A-blocking agents for IL-17A-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/immunology
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- I-kappa B Kinase/genetics
- I-kappa B Kinase/immunology
- I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C-theta/genetics
- Protein Kinase C-theta/metabolism
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/immunology
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Hsueh
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Corresponding author.
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142
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Sun J, Li L, Li L, Ding L, Liu X, Chen X, Zhang J, Qi X, Du J, Huang Z. Metallothionein-1 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by shifting the Th17/Treg balance. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1550-1562. [PMID: 30055006 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is now well accepted that an imbalance between the Th17 and regulatory T-cell responses is closely associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the precise regulatory mechanism for the differentiation of Th17 and Treg in RA is not well characterized. The present study showed that metallothionein-1 (MT-1), which is a low molecular weight protein that is involved in the detoxification of heavy metals and scavenging of free radicals, was upregulated in RA. Furthermore, the synovial inflammation and pathologic symptoms in collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody-induced arthritis mice were significantly suppressed when MT-1 was expressed intraarticularly. Further investigation revealed that MT-1 inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells but enhanced that of Treg cells. Furthermore, it markedly decreased both STAT3 and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) expression in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that MT-1 might manifest as a protein involved in immunosuppression of RA pathogenesis by shifting Th17/Treg balance and may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for RA autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Sun
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaokai Liu
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxiong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinshun Zhang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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143
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Cummings M, Arumanayagam ACS, Zhao P, Kannanganat S, Stuve O, Karandikar NJ, Eagar TN. Presenilin1 regulates Th1 and Th17 effector responses but is not required for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200752. [PMID: 30089166 PMCID: PMC6082653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) where pathology is thought to be regulated by autoreactive T cells of the Th1 and Th17 phenotype. In this study we sought to understand the functions of Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) in regulating T cell effector responses in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS. PSEN1 is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase a multimolecular protease that mediates intramembranous proteolysis. γ-secretase is known to regulate several pathways of immune importance. Here we examine the effects of disrupting PSEN1 functions on EAE and T effector differentiation using small molecule inhibitors of γ-secretase (GSI) and T cell-specific conditional knockout mice (PSEN1 cKO). Surprisingly, blocking PSEN1 function by GSI treatment or PSEN1 cKO had little effect on the development or course of MOG35-55-induced EAE. In vivo GSI administration reduced the number of myelin antigen-specific T cells and suppressed Th1 and Th17 differentiation following immunization. In vitro, GSI treatment inhibited Th1 differentiation in neutral but not IL-12 polarizing conditions. Th17 differentiation was also suppressed by the presence of GSI in all conditions and GSI-treated Th17 T cells failed to induce EAE following adoptive transfer. PSEN cKO T cells showed reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation. We conclude that γ-secretase and PSEN1-dependent signals are involved in T effector responses in vivo and potently regulate T effector differentiation in vitro, however, they are dispensable for EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dibenzazepines/pharmacology
- Dibenzazepines/therapeutic use
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Presenilin-1/deficiency
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cummings
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Picheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sunil Kannanganat
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Nitin J. Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Todd N. Eagar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
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144
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Do the Th17 Cells Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:9704532. [PMID: 30123395 PMCID: PMC6079516 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9704532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the level of five different pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to study the inflammatory response of leptospirosis. Materials and methods The serum cytokine levels of IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, and TNF-α were investigated in 57 patients with leptospirosis and 12 healthy controls using a commercially available ELISA kit (Mabtech, Sweden). Statistical analysis was done using Graphpad Prism. Results Elevation of serum IL-10 and IL-17A levels and significant elevation of serum IL-21 (p=0.002), IL-23 (p=0.002), and TNF-α (p=0.039) were observed among leptospirosis patients compared to the healthy control group. The two major complications observed among these patients were renal failure and liver involvement. Renal failure was significantly associated with elevation of IL-21 and IL-23, while patients with liver involvement had a significant elevation of IL-21, IL-23, and TNF-α. Conclusion Elevation of IL-17A together with the significant elevation of IL-21 and IL-23 suggests a possible involvement of Th17 cells in the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis.
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145
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Fan ST, Nie SP, Huang XJ, Wang S, Hu JL, Xie JH, Nie QX, Xie MY. Protective properties of combined fungal polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma atrum on colon immune dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1049-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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146
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Zhang M, Wu Y, Bastian D, Iamsawat S, Chang J, Daenthanasanmak A, Nguyen HD, Schutt S, Dai M, Chen F, Suh WK, Yu XZ. Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Impacts Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Regulating Both Pathogenic and Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1461. [PMID: 29988391 PMCID: PMC6023972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is on the rise and still the major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Both donor T and B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cGVHD. Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), a potent co-stimulatory receptor, plays a key role in T-cell activation and differentiation. Yet, how ICOS regulates the development of cGVHD is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of ICOS in cGVHD pathogenesis using mice with germline or regulatory T cell (Treg)-specific ICOS deficiency. The recipients of ICOS−/− donor grafts had reduced cGVHD compared with wild-type controls. In recipients of ICOS−/− donor grafts, we observed significant reductions in donor T follicular helper (Tfh), Th17, germinal center B-cell, and plasma cell differentiation, coupled with lower antibody production. Interestingly, Tregs, including follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, were also impaired in the absence of ICOS. Using ICOS conditional knockout specific for Foxp3+ cells, we found that ICOS was indispensable for optimal survival and homeostasis of induced Tregs during cGVHD. Furthermore, administration of anti-ICOS alleviated cGVHD severity via suppressing T effector cells without affecting Treg generation. Taken together, ICOS promotes T- and B-cell activation and differentiation, which can promote cGVHD development; however, ICOS is critical for the survival and homeostasis of iTregs, which can suppress cGVHD. Hence, ICOS balances the development of cGVHD and could offer a potential target after allo-HCT in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Supinya Iamsawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jinsam Chang
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anusara Daenthanasanmak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hung D Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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147
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Park JS, Kim NR, Lim MA, Kim SM, Hwang SH, Jung KA, Choi J, Park SH, Cho ML. Deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist suppresses IL-10-producing B cells in autoimmune arthritis in an IL-17/Th17-dependent manner. Immunol Lett 2018; 199:44-52. [PMID: 29803636 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with CD4+ T cell infiltration and hyperplasia of synovial tissues leading to progressive destruction of articular cartilage. In addition to the central role of T cells in the pathogenesis of RA, recent reports have suggested that B cells also contribute to RA. To explore the effects of interleukin (IL)-17 on B cell development and response in excess IL-1 signaling, we generated IL-17 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) double-deficient mice via backcrossing IL-17 knockout (KO) and IL-1RaKO mice. We studied the effect of IL-17 deficiency on antibody-producing B cells and regulatory B cells in IL-1RaKO mice. Excess IL-1 signal increased the frequency of B220+ IgG+ cells and plasma cells. It also promoted the production of immunoglobulins in vitro. Moreover, IL-17 deficiency significantly enhanced the frequency of regulatory IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in IL-1RaKO mice. IL-17 deficiency ameliorated disease symptoms of inflammatory arthritis in IL-1RaKO mice by suppressing the frequency of plasma cells and antibody production while enhancing the frequency of IL-10-producing B cells. These findings suggest that IL-17 can trigger an inflammatory immune reaction by activating antibody-producing B cells while suppressing immune regulatory B cells in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sil Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Lim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Jung
- IMPACT Biotech, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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148
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Liu T, Hou Y, Dai TJ, Yan CZ. Upregulation of Interleukin 21 and Interleukin 21 Receptor in Patients with Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2101-2106. [PMID: 28836555 PMCID: PMC5586180 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.213419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The immunopathologic mechanism underlying dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) remains poorly understood. Many cytokines play a pathogenic role in DM and PM. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) has a pleiotropic effect on inflammation regulation. This study aimed to detect the serum IL-21 level and investigate the expression of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM. Methods: Biopsied muscle samples were obtained from 11 patients with DM, 12 with PM, and six controls; mRNA levels of IL-21 and IL-21R were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; and immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the protein expression of IL-21 and IL-21R. Serum samples were obtained from 36 patients with DM, 19 with PM, and 20 healthy controls. The serum IL-21 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression of IL-21 was upregulated in patients with DM and PM. The IL-21 mRNA level was significantly increased in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM (DM vs. control, P = 0.001; PM vs. control, P = 0.001), whereas IL-21R mRNA level in patients with DM/PM was not statistically different from that of healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining showed both IL-21 and IL-21R were significantly expressed in the inflammatory cells in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM. The serum IL-21 level was also significantly higher in patients with DM/PM than in controls (DM vs. control, 49.12 [45.28, 60.07] pg/ml vs. 42.54 [38.69, 48.85] pg/ml, P = 0.001; PM vs. control, 50.77 [44.19, 60.62] pg/ml vs. 42.54 [38.69, 48.85] pg/ml, P = 0.005). Conclusions: IL-21 expression is upregulated in patients with DM and PM in both muscle tissue and serum. In addition, IL-21R protein is highly expressed in affected muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM. IL-21 may play a pathogenic role through IL-21R in patients with DM and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ting-Jun Dai
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chuan-Zhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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149
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Wu J, Zhang S, Qin T, Jiang J, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhao X, Dai J. IL-21 alleviates allergic asthma in DOCK8-knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:92-99. [PMID: 29702092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with DOCK8 deficiency are at increased susceptibility to develop allergic diseases such as food allergy and asthma. Here, we aimed to analyze the pathogenesis of asthma in DOCK8-deficient patients. In our mouse model, DOCK8-knockout (KO) mice sensitized with low-dose OVA were challenged with 1.5% OVA to induce allergic asthma. As compared to that in WT mice, remarkable airway hyperresponsiveness was observed in KO mice. Increased inflammatory cells and eosinophils infiltrated in airway lumen in KO mice especially around bronchi. KO mice showed higher levels of serum IgE and OVA-specific IgE and significantly elevated IgE-producing B cells in blood and in spleen. Surprisingly, nasal administration with rmIL-21 significantly reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltration, as well as the serum IgE and IgE-producing B cells. DOCK8-knockout mice are susceptible to low-dose OVA induced allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Supplementary nasal administration of rmIL-21 alleviates allergic asthma in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Wu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Suqian Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Department, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jinqiu Jiang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Jihong Dai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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MyD88 Signaling in T Cells Is Critical for Effector CD4 T Cell Differentiation following a Transitional T Follicular Helper Cell Stage. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00791-17. [PMID: 29507085 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00791-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of CD4 T cells by dendritic cells leads to their differentiation into various effector lineages. The nature of the effector lineage is determined by the innate cues provided by dendritic cells to newly primed T cells. Although the cytokines necessary for several effector lineages have been identified, the innate cues that drive T follicular helper (Tfh) lineage cell development remain unclear. Here we found that following priming, CD4 T cells undergoing clonal expansion acquire a transient Tfh-like phenotype before differentiating into other effector lineages. In addition, we found that T cell-intrinsic myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88) signaling, which occurs downstream of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-18 receptors, is critical for the primed CD4 T cells to transition out of the temporary Tfh lineage. Mice with T cell-specific deletion of MyD88 have a higher proportion of Tfh cells and germinal center (GC) B cells. These exaggerated Tfh cell and GC B cell responses, however, do not lead to protective immunity against infections. We demonstrate that T cell-intrinsic MyD88 is critical for effector lineage differentiation as well as production of the cytokines that are necessary for class switching. Overall, our study establishes that following priming and clonal expansion, CD4 T cells undergo a transitional Tfh-like phase and that further differentiation into effector lineages is dictated by T cell-intrinsic MyD88-dependent cues.
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