101
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Liu L, Zhang X, Ding H, Liu X, Cao D, Liu Y, Liu J, Lin C, Zhang N, Wang G, Hou J, Huang B, Zhang Y, Lu J. Arginine and lysine methylation of MRPS23 promotes breast cancer metastasis through regulating OXPHOS. Oncogene 2021; 40:3548-3563. [PMID: 33927350 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a vital regulator of tumor metastasis. However, the mechanisms governing OXPHOS to facilitate tumor metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that arginine 21(R21) and lysine 108 (K108) of mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23 (MRPS23) was methylated by the protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) and SET-domain-containing protein 6 (SETD6), respectively. R21 methylation accelerated the poly-ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MRPS23 to a low level. The MRPS23 degradation inhibited OXPHOS with elevated mtROS level, which consequently increased breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In contrast, K108 methylation increased MRPS23 stability, and K108 methylation coordinated with R21 methylation to maintain a low level of MRPS23, which was in favor of supporting breast cancer cell survival through regulating OXPHOS. Consistently, R21 and K108 methylation was correlated with malignant breast carcinoma. Significantly, our findings unveil a unique mechanism of controlling OXPHOS by arginine and lysine methylation and point to the impact of the PRMT7-SETD6-MRPS23 axis during breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huayi Ding
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyao Hou
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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102
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Amuthavalli P, Hwang JS, Dahms HU, Wang L, Anitha J, Vasanthakumaran M, Gandhi AD, Murugan K, Subramaniam J, Paulpandi M, Chandramohan B, Singh S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant Lawsonia inermis and their mosquitocidal, antimicrobial, anticancer applications showing moderate side effects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8837. [PMID: 33893349 PMCID: PMC8065047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes or parasites spread vector-borne diseases by mosquitoes without being affected themselves. Insecticides used in vector control produce a substantial problem for human health. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lawsonia inermis L. and were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, SEM with EDX, and XRD analysis. Green synthesized ZnO NPs were highly toxic against Anopheles stephensi, whose lethal concentrations values ranged from 5.494 ppm (I instar), 6.801 ppm (II instar), 9.336 ppm (III instar), 10.736 ppm (IV instar), and 12.710 ppm (pupae) in contrast to L. inermis treatment. The predation efficiency of the teleost fish Gambusia affinis and the copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against A. stephensi was not affected by exposure at sublethal doses of ZnO NPs. The predatory potency for G. affinis was 45 (I) and 25.83% (IV), copepod M. aspericornis was 40.66 (I) and 10.8% (IV) while in an ZnO NPs contaminated environment, the predation by the fish G. affinis was boosted to 71.33 and 34.25%, and predation of the copepod M. aspericornis was 60.35 and 16.75%, respectively. ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of several microbial pathogens including the bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and the fungi (Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus flavus), respectively. ZnO NPs decreased the cell viability of Hep-G2 with IC50 value of 21.63 µg/mL (R2 = 0.942; P < 0.001) while the concentration increased from 1.88 to 30 µg/mL. These outcomes support the use of L. inermis mediated ZnO NPs for mosquito control and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Amuthavalli
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, TaiyuanShanxi Province, 030006, China
| | - Jagannathan Anitha
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Murugan Vasanthakumaran
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India
| | - Arumugam Dhanesh Gandhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 115, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
| | - Jayapal Subramaniam
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Manickam Paulpandi
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Balamurugan Chandramohan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Shivangi Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Koahsiung, Taiwan
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103
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Deng H, Yang Y, Zuo T, Fang T, Xu Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Shen Q. Multifunctional ZnO@CuS nanoparticles cluster synergize chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for tumor metastasis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102399. [PMID: 33864912 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The poor drug delivery and unsatisfying therapeutic effects remain to be the primary challenges for cancer therapy. Nanosystem that combines multiple functions into a single platform is an ideal strategy. Here, a smart drug delivery nanoplatform (Z@C-D/P) based on ZnO@CuS nanoparticles, loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and pirfenidone (PFD) was constructed. Importantly, the β-CD-DMA and PEG-DMA could be activated in the mild acidic tumor microenvironment, then the nanosystem underwent charge reversal and PFD release. PFD could inhibit cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) activation and enhance tumor penetration. And the residual nanostructure ZnO@CuS could trigger cascade amplified ROS generation to induce tumor cell death. The photothermal effect further strengthened the anti-tumor efficacy. Finally, the nanosystem showed remarkable inhibition of tumor growth (89.7%) and lung metastasis. The innovatively designed nanosystem integrating chemotherapy and photothermal effect would provide a promising strategy in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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104
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Balázs K, Antal L, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33924671 PMCID: PMC8070149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (L.A.); (G.S.)
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105
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Yang MH, Ha IJ, Um JY, Ahn KS. Albendazole Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Actions against Gastric Cancer Cells by Affecting STAT3 and STAT5 Activation by Pleiotropic Mechanism(s). Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040362. [PMID: 33807326 PMCID: PMC8065911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) has been reported to display anti-tumoral actions against various maliganncies, but possible impact of ABZ on gastric cancer has not been deciphered. As aberrant phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins can regulate the growth and progression of gastric cancer, we postulated that ABZ may interrupt the activation of these oncogenic transcription factors. We found that ABZ exposure abrogated STAT3/5 activation, inhibited phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinases 1/2 and Src and enhanced the levels of SHP-1 protein. Silencing of SHP-1 gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the ABZ-promoted attenuation of STAT3 as well as STAT5 activation and cellular apoptosis. In addition, these effects were noted to be driven by an augmented levels of reactive oxygen species caused by drug-induced GSH/GSSG imbalance. Thus, the data indicates that ABZ can modulate the activation of STAT3 and STAT5 by pleiotropic mechanisms in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-2316
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106
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Kazimierczak U, Dondajewska E, Zajaczkowska M, Karwacka M, Kolenda T, Mackiewicz A. LATS1 Is a Mediator of Melanogenesis in Response to Oxidative Stress and Regulator of Melanoma Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3108. [PMID: 33803640 PMCID: PMC8002997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The LATS1 kinase has been described as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, its role in melanoma has not been fully elucidated. There are several processes involved in tumorigenesis, including melanin production. Melanin content positively correlates with the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cell. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to assess the role of LATS1 in melanogenesis and oxidative stress and its influence on tumor growth. We have knocked down LATS1 in primary melanocytes and melanoma cells and found that its expression is crucial for melanin synthesis, ROS production, and oxidative stress response. We showed that LATS1 ablation significantly decreased the melanogenesis markers' expression and melanin synthesis in melanocyte and melanoma cell lines. Moreover, silencing LATS1 resulted in enhanced oxidative stress. Reduced melanin content in LATS1 knocked down tumors was associated with increased tumor growth, pointing to melanin's protective role in this process. The study demonstrated that LATS1 is highly engaged in melanogenesis and oxidative stress control and affects melanoma growth. Our results may find the implications in the diagnosis and treatment of pigmentation disorders, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.D.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ewelina Dondajewska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.D.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Zajaczkowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.D.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Marianna Karwacka
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.D.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.D.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.D.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (A.M.)
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary Street 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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107
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Ning S, Wang L. How Oncogenic Viruses Exploit p62-Mediated Selective Autophagy for Cancer Development. ANNALS OF IMMUNOLOGY & IMMUNOTHERAPY 2021; 3:134. [PMID: 34632457 PMCID: PMC8496745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunbin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, US
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, US
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, US
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, US
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108
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Albumin-stabilized layered double hydroxide nanoparticles synergized combination chemotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102369. [PMID: 33636347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy with two or more complimentary drugs has been widely used for clinical cancer treatment. However, the efficacy and side effects of combination chemotherapy still remain a challenge. Here, we constructed an albumin-stabilized layered double hydroxide nanoparticle (BLDH) system to simultaneously load and deliver two widely used anti-tumor drugs, i.e. 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and albumin-bound PTX (Abraxane, ABX) for colorectal cancer treatment. The cellular uptake test has revealed that 5FU-ABX encapsulated BLDH (BLDH/5FU-ABX) nanoparticles were efficiently internalized by the colorectal cancer cell (HCT-116), synergistically inducing apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The in vivo test has demonstrated that BLDH/5FU-ABX nanomedicine significantly inhibited the tumor growth after three intravenous injections, without any detectable side effects. The enhanced therapeutic effectiveness is attributed to efficient accumulation of BLDH/5FU-ABX at tumor sites and acid-sensitive release of co-loaded drugs. Thus, combination chemotherapy based on BLDH/5FU-ABX nanomedicine would be a new strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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109
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Hosogi S, Marunaka Y, Ashihara E, Yamada T, Sumino A, Tanaka H, Puppulin L. Plasma membrane anchored nanosensor for quantifying endogenous production of H 2O 2 in living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113077. [PMID: 33607416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the main second messengers involved in signaling pathways controlling cell metabolism. During tumorigenesis H2O2 is generated on the extracellular space by membrane-associated NADPH oxidases and superoxide dismutase to stimulate cell proliferation and preservation of the transformed state. Accordingly, a characteristic feature of malignant cells is overproduction of H2O2 in the extracellular milieu and the subsequent absorption in the cytosol. Since the most significant gradients of endogenous extracellular H2O2 can be observed only in a very shallow region of the fluid in contact with the plasma membrane, we show here the use of a newly designed nanosensor anchored to the outer cell surface and capable of quantifying H2O2 at nanometer distance from the membrane proteins responsible for its production. This biosensor is built upon gold nanoparticles functionalized with a H2O2-sensitive boronate compound that is probed using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The highly localized information obtained on the cell surface by SERS analysis is combined with analytical methods of redox biology to estimate the associated levels of intracellular H2O2 responsible for cell signaling. The results obtained from A549 lung cancer cell line show localized spots on the cell surface at concentration up to 12 μM, associated to intracellular concentration up to 5.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan; Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan; Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan; Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Kitatsuboi-cho, Nishino-kyo, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Eishi Ashihara
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sumino
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Leonardo Puppulin
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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110
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Coumarin Sulfonamides and Amides Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040786. [PMID: 33546294 PMCID: PMC7913302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins possesses immeasurable antitumor potential with minimum side effects depending on the substitutions on the basic nucleus, which exhibits great prospects for antitumor drug development. In an attempt to develop novel antitumor candidates, a series of coumarin sulfonamides and amides derivatives were designed and synthetized. The majority of these derivatives showed good cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and KB cell lines, among which compound 9c was the most potent against MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 value of 9.33 μM, comparable to 5-fluorouracil. Further investigation revealed that compound 9c had versatile properties against tumors, including inhibition of cell migration and invasion as well as inducing apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and western blotting analysis suggested that compound 9c promoted cancer cell apoptosis by increasing ROS levels and upregulating the expression of caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicated that compound 9c could be promising lead compound for further antitumor drug research.
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111
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Zhang X, Su Q, Zhou J, Yang Z, Liu Z, Ji L, Gao H, Jiang G. To betray or to fight? The dual identity of the mitochondria in cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:723-743. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide energy for oxidative phosphorylation in cells. Equally, they are the major sites for the metabolism of amino acids, lipids and iron. When cells become cancerous, the morphology, cellular location and metabolic mode of the mitochondria change accordingly. These mitochondrial changes can have two opposing effects on cancer: procancer and anticancer effects. Specifically, mitochondria play roles in the fight against cancer by participating in processes such as ferroptosis, mitophagy and antitumor immunity. Contrastingly, cancer cells can also enslave mitochondria to give them the conditions necessary for growth and metastasis. Moreover, through mitochondria, cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance, resulting in their immune escape and enhanced malignant transformation ability. At present, cancer-related studies of mitochondria are one-sided; therefore, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding by systematically reviewing the two-sided cancer-related properties of mitochondria. Mitochondrial-targeted drugs are gradually emerging and showing significant advantages in cancer treatment; thus, our in-depth exploration of mitochondria in cancer will help to provide theoretical support for the future provision of efficient and low-toxicity cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Quanzhong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
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112
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Cerda-Opazo P, Gotteland M, Oyarzun-Ampuero FA, Garcia L. Design, development and evaluation of nanoemulsion containing avocado peel extract with anticancer potential: A novel biological active ingredient to enrich food. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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113
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Liu J, Geng Z, Zhang Y, Alharbi SA, Shi Y. Sesquiterpenoid bilobalide inhibits gastric carcinoma cell growth and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo models. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22723. [PMID: 33511709 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer that ranks fifth among all cancer incidences and third in cancer mortality. As it exhibits a prolonged asymptomatic condition and high recurrence rate, it is a great challenge to treat gastric cancer. Traditional medicine that utilizes herbal phytochemicals to treat various diseases is a potent alternative for current allopathic treatment. Hence, we evaluated the potency of a phytochemical bilobalide for treating gastric cancer in in vitro and in vivo models. Bilobalide, a sesquiterpenoid, is present in the Ginkgo biloba plant that belongs to the family of Ginkgoaceae. The cytotoxicity effect of bilobalide was evaluated in both gastric cancer (AGS) cells and normal gastric epithelial cells. Apoptosis-inducing property of bilobalide against the AGS cell line was analyzed with different fluorescent staining techniques and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. The in vivo studies were assessed with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced gastric cancer in rats. Serum-specific gastric markers were quantified and histopathological analysis of stomach tissue was performed. The expression of target-signaling molecules was analyzed by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The in vitro results proved that bilobalide effectively suppressed the AGS cell growth and induced cell death by nuclear damage and apoptosis induction. The bilobalide treatment effectively arrested the cell cycle of AGS cells via inhibiting the PI3K-signaling pathway. Our in vivo results also confirmed that the bilobalide persuasively inhibited the MNU-induced gastric carcinoma via inhibiting the thioredoxin-fold family proteins and inflammatory markers' expression. Overall, our results authentically prove that bilobalide possesses therapeutic potency to cure gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Kim E, Lee DM, Seo MJ, Lee HJ, Choi KS. Intracellular Ca 2 + Imbalance Critically Contributes to Paraptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:607844. [PMID: 33585447 PMCID: PMC7873879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraptosis is a type of programmed cell death that is characterized by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or mitochondria. Since paraptosis is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis, understanding its regulatory mechanisms may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in malignant cancer cells that have proven resistant to conventional pro-apoptotic treatments. Relatively little is known about the molecular basis of paraptosis, but perturbations of cellular proteostasis and ion homeostasis appear to critically contribute to the process. Ca2+ transport has been shown to be important in the paraptosis induced by several natural products, metal complexes, and co-treatment with proteasome inhibitors and certain Ca2+-modulating agents. In particular, the Ca2+-mediated communication between the ER and mitochondria plays a crucial role in paraptosis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload from the intracellular Ca2+-flux system located at the ER–mitochondrial axis can induce mitochondrial dilation during paraptosis, while the accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER lumen is believed to exert an osmotic force and draw water from the cytoplasm to distend the ER lumen. In this process, Ca2+ release from the ER also critically contributes to aggravating ER stress and ER dilation. This review focuses on the role of Ca2+ transport in paraptosis by summarizing the recent findings related to the actions of Ca2+-modulating paraptosis-inducing agents and discussing the potential cancer therapeutic strategies that may effectively induce paraptosis via Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hong Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F, Assaraf YG, Colotti G. Taxanes in cancer treatment: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100742. [PMID: 33429249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1984, when paclitaxel was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been widely used as microtubule-targeting antitumor agents. However, their historic classification as antimitotics does not describe all their functions. Indeed, taxanes act in a complex manner, altering multiple cellular oncogenic processes including mitosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ROS production. On the one hand, identification of the diverse effects of taxanes on oncogenic signaling pathways provides opportunities to apply these cytotoxic drugs in a more rational manner. On the other hand, this may facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities to surmount anticancer drug resistance. In the latter respect, chemoresistance remains a major impediment which limits the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy. Taxanes have shown impact on key molecular mechanisms including disruption of mitotic spindle, mitosis slippage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is an emerging contribution of cellular processes including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations and microRNAs deregulation to the acquisition of taxane resistance. Hence, these two lines of findings are currently promoting a more rational and efficacious taxane application as well as development of novel molecular strategies to enhance the efficacy of taxane-based cancer treatment while overcoming drug resistance. This review provides a general and comprehensive picture on the use of taxanes in cancer treatment. In particular, we describe the history of application of taxanes in anticancer therapeutics, the synthesis of the different drugs belonging to this class of cytotoxic compounds, their features and the differences between them. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms of action of taxanes and the molecular basis underlying the onset of taxane resistance. We further delineate the possible modalities to overcome chemoresistance to taxanes, such as increasing drug solubility, delivery and pharmacokinetics, overcoming microtubule alterations or mitotic slippage, inhibiting drug efflux pumps or drug metabolism, targeting redox metabolism, immune response, and other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Dept. Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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116
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Dupertuis YM, Boulens N, Angibaud E, Briod AS, Viglione A, Allémann E, Delie F, Pichard C. Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Liposomes Containing n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Two Different Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:36. [PMID: 33404935 PMCID: PMC7788038 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) could act synergistically with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to kill cancer cells. To facilitate their simultaneous transport in the bloodstream, we synthesized, for the first time, liposomes (LIPUFU) containing 5-FU in the aqueous core and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at a ratio of 1:2 in the lipid bilayer. LIPUFU werestable with uniform size of 154 ± 4 nm, PDI of 0.19 ± 0.03 and zeta potential of -41 ± 2 mV. They contained 557 ± 210 μmol/l DHA, 1467 ± 362 μmol/l EPA, and 9.8 ± 1.1 μmol/l 5-FU. Control liposomes without (LIP) or with only 5-FU (LIFU) or n-3 PUFAs (LIPU) were produced in a similar way. The effects of these different liposomal formulations on the cell cycle, growth, and apoptosis were evaluated in two human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines differing in sensitivity to 5-FU, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses. LIPUFU were more cytotoxic than LIP, LIFU, and LIPU in both LS174T (p53+/+, bax-/-) and HT-29 (p53-/0, bax+/+) cell lines. Similar to LIFU, LIPUFU increased the percentage of cells in S phase, apoptosis, and/or necrosis. The cytotoxic potential of LIPUFU was confirmed in vivo by tumor growth inhibition in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. These results suggest that LIPUFU could be considered to facilitate the simultaneous transport of 5-FU and n-3 PUFAs to the tumor site, in particular in case of CRC liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Marc Dupertuis
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Boulens
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Angibaud
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Sophia Briod
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Viglione
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Xu HL, Sun Y, Yao H, Zhang X, Yuan XX. Protective effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. leaves against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in Rat Schwann Cells (RSC-96) through regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_275_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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118
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Al-Mansoub MA, Asif M, Revadigar V, Hammad MA, Chear NJY, Hamdan MR, Majid AMSA, Asmawi MZ, Murugaiyah V. Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant attributes of ethanolic extract of resinous sediment from Etlingera elatior (Jack.) inflorescence. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000418954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; Government College University, Pakistan
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119
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Xue N, Zhou R, Deng M, Li Y, Hu Y, Gao L, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu J, Fan R. High serum superoxide dismutase activity improves radiation-related quality of life in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2226. [PMID: 33909823 PMCID: PMC8050599 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volume-modulated arc therapy have become the main treatments for esophageal carcinoma; however, side effects caused by radiotherapy greatly impact the quality of life in these patients. This study aimed to explore the impact of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels on the prognosis of patients with ESCC undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS Patients aged between 18 and 80 years with lower-middle ESCC who underwent radiotherapy were eligible for this assessment. Adverse events, responses, treatment outcomes, and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Between 2012 and 2014, 195 patients were enrolled, of which 65 were assigned to the low- and high-SOD groups based on their serum SOD values. RESULTS The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, except for the T staging. Adverse events in the low-SOD group were significantly higher than those in the high-SOD group (radiation esophagitis, p=0.007; radiation pneumonitis, p=0.032; leukopenia, p=0.023; thrombocytopenia, p=0.037; anemia, p=0.041). There were no significant differences in response, treatment outcomes, or OS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high serum SOD activity improved post-radiotherapy quality of life but did not impact the prognosis of patients with ESCC. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that serum SOD activity is associated with radiation-induced toxicity and moderately increased radiotherapeutic response in patients with ESCC undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Runze Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zibo Bashan Wanjie hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linzhou people's hospital, Linzhou, Henan 456550, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
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Azelaic Acid Exerts Antileukemia Effects against Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating the Prdxs/ROS Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1295984. [PMID: 33425206 PMCID: PMC7775164 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1295984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis attributed to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Thus, agents that inhibit ROS generation in AML should be exploited. Azelaic acid (AZA), a small molecular compound, can scavenge ROS and other free radicals, exerting antitumor effects on various tumor cells. Herein, this study evaluated the antileukemic activity of AZA against AML via regulation of the ROS signaling pathway. We found that AZA reduced intracellular ROS levels and increased total antioxidant capacity in AML cell lines and AML patient cells. AZA suppressed the proliferation of AML cell lines and AML patient cells, expending minimal cytotoxicity on healthy cells. Laser confocal microscopy showed that AZA-treated AML cells surged and ruptured gradually on microfluidic chips. Additionally, AZA promoted AML cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Further analysis demonstrated that peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 2 and Prdx3 were upregulated in AZA-treated AML cells. In vivo, AZA prolonged survival and attenuated AML by decreasing CD33+ immunophenotyping in the bone marrow of a patient-derived xenograft AML model. Furthermore, mice in the AZA-treated group had an increased antioxidant capacity and Prdx2/Prdx3 upregulation. The findings indicate that AZA may be a potential agent against AML by regulating the Prdxs/ROS signaling pathway.
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121
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Vitamin C Transporters and Their Implications in Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123869. [PMID: 33352824 PMCID: PMC7765979 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is implicated in various bodily functions due to its unique properties in redox homeostasis. Moreover, vitamin C also plays a great role in restoring the activity of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDD), which are involved in active DNA demethylation (TET proteins), the demethylation of histones, and hypoxia processes. Therefore, vitamin C may be engaged in the regulation of gene expression or in a hypoxic state. Hence, vitamin C has acquired great interest for its plausible effects on cancer treatment. Since its conceptualization, the role of vitamin C in cancer therapy has been a controversial and disputed issue. Vitamin C is transferred to the cells with sodium dependent transporters (SVCTs) and glucose transporters (GLUT). However, it is unknown whether the impaired function of these transporters may lead to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Notably, previous studies have identified SVCTs’ polymorphisms or their altered expression in some types of cancer. This review discusses the potential effects of vitamin C and the impaired SVCT function in cancers. The variations in vitamin C transporter genes may regulate the active transport of vitamin C, and therefore have an impact on cancer risk, but further studies are needed to thoroughly elucidate their involvement in cancer biology.
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122
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Wu Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Wu G. A Review on Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Coumarins. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592853. [PMID: 33344242 PMCID: PMC7746827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are a class of compound with benzopyrone as their basic structure. Due to abundant sources, easy synthesis, and various pharmacological activities, coumarins have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In particular, coumarins have very significant anti-tumor abilities and a variety of anti-tumor mechanisms, including inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, inducing cell apoptosis protein activation, inhibition of tumor multidrug resistance, inhibition of microtubule polymerization, regulating the reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, etc. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the research progress of coumarins against cancers in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiyu Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhao S, Chen F, Yin Q, Wang D, Han W, Zhang Y. Reactive Oxygen Species Interact With NLRP3 Inflammasomes and Are Involved in the Inflammation of Sepsis: From Mechanism to Treatment of Progression. Front Physiol 2020; 11:571810. [PMID: 33324236 PMCID: PMC7723971 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.571810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the crisis of sepsis has remained a great challenge. According to data from 2016, the sepsis-related mortality rate remains high. In addition, sepsis consumes extensive medical resources in intensive care units, and anti-inflammatory agents fail to improve sepsis-associated hyperinflammation and symptoms of immunosuppression. The specific immune mechanism of sepsis remains to be elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are triggered by energy metabolism and respiratory dysfunction in sepsis, which not only cause oxidative damage to tissues and organelles, but also directly and indirectly promote NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasomes enlarge the inflammatory response and trigger apoptosis of immune cells to exacerbate sepsis progression. Inhibiting the negative effects of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasomes therefore provides the possibility of reversing the excessive inflammation during sepsis. In this review, we describe the interaction of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasomes during sepsis, provide prevention strategies, and identify fields that need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qiliang Yin
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Feng W, Yang X, Feng M, Pan H, Liu J, Hu Y, Wang S, Zhang D, Ma F, Mao Y. Alginate Oligosaccharide Prevents against D-galactose-mediated Cataract in C57BL/6J Mice via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:802-810. [PMID: 33153341 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1842456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), obtained from depolymerizing alginate, has multiple pharmacological benefits. Cataract is a common disease caused by turbidity of the lens protein due to lens metabolism disorders. This study aimed to test the effects and the underlying mechanisms of AOS on D-galactose (D-gal)-mediated cataract. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 8-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. After eight weeks' intervention, the score of cataract was calculated depending on the turbidity of the lens. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were observed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured by corresponding detection kits, respectively. SOD1, SOD2, catalase (CAT) and p53 protein expressions were examined by Western blot. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expressions were examined by Quantitative Real Time-PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The score of the turbidity of the lens showed that AOS significantly delayed the cataractogenesis. HE staining and TEM imaging showed that AOS decreased the damage and senescence of lenses in D-gal-induced C57BL/6 J mice. We further detected aging marker p53 expression in crystalline lenses, and our result showed that AOS significantly inhibited p53 protein expression in D-gal-induced mice. In addition, SOD activity and MDA level detection results showed that AOS significantly increased the activity of SOD, and decreased the level of MDA in crystalline lenses homogenates of D-gal-induced aging mice. Western blot results showed that AOS attenuated the damage of D-gal in the protein expressions of antioxidative enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT. RT-qPCR results showed that AOS suppressed the down-regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expressions induced by D-gal. CONCLUSIONS AOS prevents against D-gal-mediated cataract in C57BL/6 J mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and up-regulating antioxidant system. Consequently, our results suggest that AOS may be an effective therapeutic strategy against cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiping Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianya Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghua Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Modulatory role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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126
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Al-Ani LA, Kadir FA, Hashim NM, Julkapli NM, Seyfoddin A, Lu J, AlSaadi MA, Yehye WA. The impact of curcumin-graphene based nanoformulation on cellular interaction and redox-activated apoptosis: An in vitro colon cancer study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05360. [PMID: 33163675 PMCID: PMC7609448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural plants derivatives have gained enormous merits in cancer therapy applications upon formulation with nanomaterials. Curcumin, as a popular research focus has acquired such improvements surpassing its disadvantageous low bioavailability. To this point, the available research data had confirmed the importance of nanomaterial type in orienting cellular response and provoking different toxicological and death mechanisms that may range from physical membrane damage to intracellular changes. This in turn underlines the poorly studied field of nanoformulation interaction with cells as the key determinant in toxicology outcomes. In this work, curcumin-AuNPs-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (CAG) was implemented as a model, to study the impact on cellular membrane integrity and the possible redox changes using colon cancer in vitro cell lines (HT-29 and SW-948), representing drug-responsive and resistant subtypes. Morphological and biochemical methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), apoptosis assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants glutathione and superoxide dismutase (GSH and SOD) levels were examined with consideration to suitable protocols and vital optimizations. TEM micrographs proved endocytic uptake with succeeding cytoplasm deposition, which unlike other nanomaterials studied previously, conserved membrane integrity allowing intracellular cytotoxic mechanism. Apoptosis was confirmed with gold-standard morphological features observed in micrographs, while redox parameters revealed a time-dependent increase in ROS accompanied with regressive GSH and SOD levels. Collectively, this work demonstrates the success of graphene as a platform for curcumin intracellular delivery and cytotoxicity, and further highlights the importance of suitable in vitro methods to be used for nanomaterial validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Al-Ani
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farkaad A. Kadir
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Najihah M. Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemicals, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhidayatullaili M. Julkapli
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Auckland University of Technology, School of Science, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology. Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Perfume and Aroma, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammed A. AlSaadi
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- National Chair of Materials Sciences and Metallurgy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Wageeh A. Yehye
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Singh A, Neupane YR, Mangla B, Shafi S, Kohli K. PEGylated Nanoliposomes Potentiated Oral Combination Therapy for Effective Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:728-735. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200724170708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The conventional treatment regimen for cancer with a single chemotherapeutic agent is far
behind the clinical expectations due to the complexity of cancer biology and is also associated with
poor Quality of Life (QOL) due to off-site toxicity and multidrug resistance. In recent years, nanopotentiated
combination therapy has shown significant improvement in cancer treatment <i>via</i> a synergistic
approach. However, being synthetic in nature, nanocarriers have been associated with the activation of
the Complement (C) activation system resulting in serious hypersensitivity reactions known as CActivation
Related Pseudoallergy (CARPA) effect once given <i>via</i> intravenous injection. On the other
hand, nanopotentiated oral drug delivery offers several advantages for the effective and safe delivery of
the drug to the target site. This hypothesis aims to put forward wherein Exemestane (chemotherapeutic
agent) and lycopene (herbal bioactive) co-laden into PEGylated liposomes and delivered to the breast
cancer <i>via</i> the oral route. PEGylation of the liposomes would prevent both molecules from the harsh
microenvironment of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and would eventually promote their intestinal
absorption <i>via</i> the lymphatic pathway to the systemic circulation. Lycopene being a potent antioxidant
and anti-cancer herbal bioactive would promote the therapeutic efficacy of the Exemestane <i>via</i> a synergistic
approach. This nanopotentiated oral combination therapy would pave the path for the safe and
effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Anti-Inflammatory, Barrier-Protective, and Antiwrinkle Properties of Agastache rugosa Kuntze in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1759067. [PMID: 33195687 PMCID: PMC7641687 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1759067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the skin-beneficial properties of Agastache rugosa Kuntze, an herbal medication used to treat different types of disorders in traditional folk medicine. The total phenolic compounds and total antiradical, nitrite scavenging, superoxide scavenging, antielastase, and antihyaluronidase activities of a hot water extract of A. rugosa Kuntze leaves (ARE) were spectrophotometrically determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was fluorometrically quantitated using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and filaggrin were evaluated using Western analysis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure filaggrin mRNA. Caspase-14 activity was determined using a fluorogenic substrate. ARE contained the total phenolic content of 38.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and exhibited 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide radical, and nitrite scavenging activities with the SC50 values of 2.9, 1.4, and 1.7 mg/mL, respectively. ARE exerted suppressive activities on nitric oxide (NO) and ROS levels elevated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in HaCaT keratinocytes. It attenuated the LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS. ARE augmented the UV-B-reduced filaggrin expression on both protein and mRNA levels and was capable of upregulating the UV-B-reduced caspase-14 activity. ARE inhibited in vitro elastase and hyaluronidase activities associated with the wrinkling process. ARE, at the concentrations used, did not interfere with the viability of HaCaT keratinocytes. These findings preliminarily imply that the leaves of A. rugosa possess desirable cosmetic potentials, such as anti-inflammatory, barrier protective, and antiwrinkle activities, which infers their skin healing potentials.
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Li DN, Yang CC, Li J, Ou Yang QG, Zeng LT, Fan GQ, Liu TH, Tian XY, Wang JJ, Zhang H, Dai DP, Cui J, Cai JP. The high expression of MTH1 and NUDT5 promotes tumor metastasis and indicates a poor prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118895. [PMID: 33096144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) is a mammalian 8-oxodGTPase for sanitizing oxidative damage to the nucleotide pool. Nudix type 5 (NUDT5) also sanitizes 8-oxodGDP in the nucleotide pool. The role of MTH1 and NUDT5 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression and metastasis remains unclear. In the present study, we reported that MTH1 and NUDT5 were upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues, and higher levels of MTH1 or NUDT5 were associated with tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Their suppression also restrained tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo and significantly inhibited NSCLC cell migration, invasion, cell proliferation and cell cycle progression while promoting apoptosis in vitro. The opposite effects were observed in vitro following MTH1 or NUDT5 rescue. In addition, the upregulation of MTH1 or NUDT5 enhanced the MAPK pathway and PI3K/AKT activity. Furthermore, MTH1 and NUDT5 induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the essential role of MTH1 and NUDT5 in NSCLC tumor tumorigenesis and metastasis as well as their functions as valuable markers of the NSCLC prognosis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Li
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qiu-Geng Ou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lv-Tao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Guo-Qing Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Teng-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin-Yuan Tian
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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130
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Chen W, Yan Z, Tirumala V. Malignant giant cell tumor of bone or soft tissue treated by surgery with or without radiotherapy. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2139-2148. [PMID: 32293747 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant giant cell tumor of bone or soft tissue (MGCTBS) is one of the malignant tumors associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains controversial whether the combined treatment of both surgery and radiotherapy (surgery + RT) leads to better survival outcomes than surgical treatment alone (surgery alone) does for patients diagnosed with MGCTBS. We compared the two treatment strategies using the data provided by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. About 357 patients with MGCTBS who received either surgery + RT or surgery alone between 1975 and 2016 in the USA were identified and then matched based on their propensity scores estimated using the patients' baseline characteristics. We also performed a subgroup analysis for patients with high-grade and regional/distant tumor extension. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that the surgery alone group had a better 10-year survival profile than the surgery + RT group. After propensity score matching, there was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups with respect to the 10-year cancer-specific survival and overall survival distributions. A subsequent subgroup analysis demonstrated that the surgery alone group has a similar 10-year survival comparing with the surgery + RT group for patients with high-grade and regional/distant tumor extension. The results of our study suggest that RT should not be recommended as a regular therapeutic method for MGCTBS, even for patients with high-grade histology and distant metastasis Clinical Significance: This study may provide better decision making for surgeons dealing with malignant giant cell tumor of bone or soft tissue. Type of study: Observation study. Level of evidence: Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiyu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Venkat Tirumala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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131
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Yao CC, Tong YX, Jiang H, Yang DR, Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Su L, Zhao YY, Chen ZW. Native polypeptide vglycin prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by activating the AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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132
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Majumder D, Nath P, Debnath R, Maiti D. Understanding the complicated relationship between antioxidants and carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22643. [PMID: 32996240 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-product of cellular respiration and also due to the exposure of various xenobiotics, whereas mitochondrial electron transport chain is considered as the main source of ROS generation. The sequential addition to molecular oxygen gives rise to various forms of ROS like superoxide anion, peroxide, hydroxyl radical, hydroxyl ion, and so forth. However, the uncontrolled level of ROS generation and accumulation alters the body homeostasis. Excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidative stress and various kinds of diseases including cancer. To counteract ROS, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants' armory is available in our body. Apart from endogenous antioxidants, we are also consuming various exogenous antioxidants. Antioxidants protect us from ROS-mediated damages and inhibit ROS-induced carcinogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that antioxidants could also act as tumor-promoting agents. Various anticancer drugs are used to kill the cancer cells through the generation of oxidative stress in them, but the cancer cells can counteract the effect with the help of various endogenous as well as exogenous antioxidants. Our review will summarize the multifaceted relationship between antioxidants and carcinogenesis, and it will help to create new directions in antioxidant-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Majumder
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Priyatosh Nath
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
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133
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Zhang J, Duan D, Song ZL, Liu T, Hou Y, Fang J. Small molecules regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:342-394. [PMID: 32981100 DOI: 10.1002/med.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems have been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit increased ROS to maintain their malignant phenotypes and are more dependent on the "redox adaptation" mechanism. Thus, there are two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to prevent or treat cancer. The first strategy, that is, chemoprevention, is to prevent or reduce intracellular ROS either by suppressing ROS production pathways or by employing antioxidants to enhance ROS clearance, which protects normal cells from malignant transformation and inhibits the early stage of tumorigenesis. The second strategy is the ROS-mediated anticancer therapy, which stimulates intracellular ROS to a toxicity threshold to activate ROS-induced cell death pathways. Therefore, targeting the regulation of intracellular ROS-related pathways by small-molecule candidates is considered to be a promising treatment for tumors. We herein first briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS, and then focus on small molecules that regulate ROS-related pathways and show efficacy in cancer therapy from the perspective of pharmacophores. Finally, we discuss several challenges in developing cancer therapeutic agents based on ROS regulation and propose the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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134
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Kim TW, Hong DW, Park JW, Hong SH. CB11, a novel purine-based PPARɣ ligand, overcomes radio-resistance by regulating ATM signalling and EMT in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1737-1748. [PMID: 32958825 PMCID: PMC7723055 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists frequently induce cell death in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, majority of NSCLC patients acquire resistance after cancer therapy, and it is still unclear. Methods In this study we investigated the apoptotic mechanism and the anti-cancer effects of a novel purine-based PPARγ agonist, CB11 (8-(2-aminophenyl)-3-butyl-1,6,7-trimethyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione), on human NSCLC cells. CB11 mediates PPARγ-dependent cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, cell cycle arrest, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity, and caspase-3 activity in human NSCLC cells. Results CB11 causes cell death via ROS-mediated ATM-p53-GADD45α signalling in human NSCLC cells, and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, decreases cell death by inhibiting CB11-mediated ATM signalling. In a xenograft experiment, CB11 dramatically reduced tumour volume when compared to a control group. Furthermore, CB11 induced cell death by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) under radiation exposure in radiation-resistant human NSCLC cells. However, PPARγ deficiency inhibited cell death by blocking the ATM-p53 axis in radiation/CB11-induced radiation-resistant human NSCLC cells. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that CB11, a novel PPARγ agonist, may be a novel anti-cancer agent, and it could be useful in a therapeutic strategy to overcome radio-resistance in radiation-exposed NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Won Hong
- Laboratory of RNA Cell Biology, Graduate Department of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Dankook University, Jukjeon-ro 152, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16892, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Whan Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea.
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135
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Jain R, Grover A. Maslinic acid differentially exploits the MAPK pathway in estrogen-positive and triple-negative breast cancer to induce mitochondrion-mediated, caspase-independent apoptosis. Apoptosis 2020; 25:817-834. [PMID: 32940876 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 1.4 million new cases every year. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one the leading cause of mortality in developing countries and is associated with early age onset (under 40 years old). Chemotherapy has a poor success rate in patients with TNBC as compared to other types of breast cancers. It is due to the lack of expression of three validated molecular markers for breast cancer, the estrogen and progesterone receptors, and the amplification of HER-2/Neu. Therefore, a clear need exists for a greater understanding of TNBC at all levels and for the development of better therapies. We have studied the anti-tumor effects of a potential drug, maslinic acid, which can be extracted from olive oil industry waste. This natural product showed inhibitory effect at concentrations ranging from 30 to 50 µM within 24 h. It exhibited divergent effects in cell cycle progression for the MCF7 (estrogen positive) cell line when compared with TNBCs like MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Also, maslinic acid treatment altered the mitochondrial membrane electrochemical potential and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to cause a caspase-independent programmed cell death. In silico approaches and immunoblotting suggested the involvement of the MAPK pathway explaining the variability in cell cycle progression along with the apoptotic cell death caused by maslinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jain
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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136
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Green Synthesis of Lutein-Based Carbon Dots Applied for Free-Radical Scavenging within Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184146. [PMID: 32957730 PMCID: PMC7560362 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body play an important role in various processes. It is well known that harmful high levels of ROS can cause many problems in living organisms in a variety of ways. One effective way to remove intracellular ROS is to use reducing materials that can enter the cell. Herein, we developed a strong reducing carbon nano-dot from a natural product, lutein, as an initial raw material. This is a hydrothermal synthesis method with the advantages of simplicity, high yield, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendliness. The prepared carbon dots exhibit bright blue fluorescence, and have good water solubility and biocompatibility. In particular, the carbon dots can easily enter the cell and effectively remove ROS. Therefore, the carbon dots are thought to protect cells from oxidative damage by high levels of ROS.
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137
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090864. [PMID: 32937950 PMCID: PMC7554855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are subcellular messengers in signal transductions pathways with both beneficial and deleterious roles. ROS are generated as a by-product of mitochondrial respiration or metabolism or by specific enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins, and myeloperoxidases. Under physiological conditions, the low levels of ROS production are equivalent to their detoxification, playing a major role in cellular signaling and function. In pathological situations, particularly atherosclerosis or hypertension, the release of ROS exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, leading to cell death. At cardiovascular levels, oxidative stress is highly implicated in myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, or heart failure. Here, we will first detail the physiological role of low ROS production in the heart and the vessels. Indeed, ROS are able to regulate multiple cardiovascular functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and death. Second, we will investigate the implication of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Then, we will focus on ROS produced by NAPDH oxidase or during endothelial or mitochondrial dysfunction. Given the importance of oxidative stress at the cardiovascular level, antioxidant therapies could be a real benefit. In the last part of this review, we will detail the new therapeutic strategies potentially involved in cardiovascular protection and currently under study.
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138
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Hu S, Sechi M, Singh PK, Dai L, McCann S, Sun D, Ljungman M, Neamati N. A Novel Redox Modulator Induces a GPX4-Mediated Cell Death That Is Dependent on Iron and Reactive Oxygen Species. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9838-9855. [PMID: 32809827 PMCID: PMC8082945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redox modulators have been developed as an attractive approach to treat cancer. Herein, we report the synthesis, identification, and biological evaluation of a quinazolinedione reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, QD394, with significant cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. QD394 shows a transcriptomic profile remarkably similar to napabucasin, a cancer stemness inhibitor. Both small molecules inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, increase cellular ROS, and decrease the GSH/GSSG ratio. Moreover, QD394 causes an iron- and ROS-dependent, GPX4 mediated cell death, suggesting ferroptosis as a major mechanism. Importantly, QD394 decreases the expression of LRPPRC and PNPT1, two proteins involved in mitochondrial RNA catabolic processes and both negatively correlated with the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Pharmacokinetics-guided lead optimization resulted in the derivative QD394-Me, which showed improved plasma stability and reduced toxicity in mice compared to QD394. Overall, QD394 and QD394-Me represent novel ROS-inducing drug-like compounds warranting further development for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Lipeng Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sean McCann
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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139
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Rai V, Aggarwal SK, Verma SS, Awasthee N, Dhasmana A, Aggarwal S, Das SN, Nair MS, Yadav S, Gupta SC. Epoxyazadiradione exhibit activities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by targeting multiple pathways. Apoptosis 2020; 25:763-782. [PMID: 32894380 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitute about 90% of all head and neck cancers. HNSCC falls in the top 10 cancers in men globally. Epoxyazadiradione (EPA) and Azadiradione (AZA) are the limonoids derived from the medicinal plant Azadirachta indica (popularly known as Neem). Whether or not the limonoids exhibit activities against HNSCC and the associated mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that EPA exhibits stronger activity in HNSCC in comparison to AZA. The limonoids obeyed the Lipinski's rule of 5. EPA exhibited activities in a variety of HNSCC lines like suppression of the proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. The limonoid suppressed the level of proteins associated with anti-apoptosis (survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), proliferation (cyclin D1), and invasion (MMP-9). Further, the expression of proapoptotic Bax and caspase-9 cleavage was induced by the limonoid. Exposure of EPA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the FaDu cells. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ROS scavenger) abrogated the down-regulation of tumorigenic proteins caused by EPA exposure. EPA induced NOX-5 while suppressing the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Further, hydrogen peroxide induced NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation and EPA inhibited the translocation. Finally, EPA modulated the expression of lncRNAs in HNSCC lines. Overall, these results have shown that EPA exhibit activities against HNSCC by targeting multiple cancer related signalling molecules. Currently, we are evaluating the efficacy of this molecule in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Biosciences, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248 016, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Satya N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Emeritus Scientist, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, 229405, India
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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140
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Gegotek A, Cindric M, Zarkovic K, Skrzydlewska E, Zarkovic N. The relevance of pathophysiological alterations in redox signaling of 4-hydroxynonenal for pharmacological therapies of major stress-associated diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:128-153. [PMID: 31756524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern analytical methods combined with the modern concepts of redox signaling revealed 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) as particular growth regulating factor involved in redox signaling under physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. In this review current knowledge of the relevance of 4-HNE as "the second messenger of reactive oxygen species" (ROS) in redox signaling of representative major stress-associated diseases is briefly summarized. The findings presented allow for 4-HNE to be considered not only as second messenger of ROS, but also as one of fundamental factors of the stress- and age-associated diseases. While standard, even modern concepts of molecular medicine and respective therapies in majority of these diseases target mostly the disease-specific symptoms. 4-HNE, especially its protein adducts, might appear to be the bioactive markers that would allow better monitoring of specific pathophysiological processes reflecting their complexity. Eventually that could help development of advanced integrative medicine approach for patients and the diseases they suffer from on the personalized basis implementing biomedical remedies that would optimize beneficial effects of ROS and 4-HNE to prevent the onset and progression of the illness, perhaps even providing the real cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Qatar Analytics & BioResearch Lab, Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Div. of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Agnieszka Gegotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marina Cindric
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Div. of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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141
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Tatli Seven P, Seven I, Karakus S, Iflazoglu Mutlu S, Arkali G, Muge Sahin Y, Kilislioglu A. Turkish Propolis and Its Nano Form Can Ameliorate the Side Effects of Cisplatin, Which Is a Widely Used Drug in the Treatment of Cancer. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091075. [PMID: 32825574 PMCID: PMC7570054 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of chitosan-coated nano-propolis (NP), which is synthesized via a green sonochemical method, and propolis on the side effects of cisplatin (CP), which is a widely used drug in the treatment of cancer. For this aim, 56 rats were divided into seven groups, balancing their body weights (BW). The study was designed as Control, CP (3 mg/kg BW at single dose of CP as intraperitoneal, ip), Propolis (100 mg/kg BW per day of propolis by gavage), NP-10 (10 mg/kg BW of NP per day by gavage), CP + Propolis (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 100 mg/kg BW of propolis), CP + NP-10 (3 mg/kg CP and 10 mg/kg BW of NP), and CP + NP-30 (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 30 mg/kg BW of NP). Propolis and NP (especially NP-30) were preserved via biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and activation of apoptotic pathways (anti-apoptotic protein: Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein: Bax) in liver and kidney tissues in the toxicity induced by CP. The NP were more effective than propolis at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW and had the potential to ameliorate CP's negative effects while overcoming serious side effects such as liver and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Tatli Seven
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; (P.T.S.); (S.I.M.)
| | - Ismail Seven
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-424-2370000
| | - Selcan Karakus
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; (P.T.S.); (S.I.M.)
| | - Gozde Arkali
- Department of Physiology, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey;
| | - Yesim Muge Sahin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Arel University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ayben Kilislioglu
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.K.)
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142
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Sun J, Patel CB, Jang T, Merchant M, Chen C, Kazerounian S, Diers AR, Kiebish MA, Vishnudas VK, Gesta S, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Nagpal S, Recht L. High levels of ubidecarenone (oxidized CoQ 10) delivered using a drug-lipid conjugate nanodispersion (BPM31510) differentially affect redox status and growth in malignant glioma versus non-tumor cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13899. [PMID: 32807842 PMCID: PMC7431533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, vs. non-cancer cells, elevates levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to higher oxidative stress. The elevated ROS levels suggest a vulnerability to excess prooxidant loads leading to selective cell death, a therapeutically exploitable difference. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) an endogenous mitochondrial resident molecule, plays an important role in mitochondrial redox homeostasis, membrane integrity, and energy production. BPM31510 is a lipid-drug conjugate nanodispersion specifically formulated for delivery of supraphysiological concentrations of ubidecarenone (oxidized CoQ10) to the cell and mitochondria, in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of ubidecarenone in the highly treatment-refractory glioblastoma. Rodent (C6) and human (U251) glioma cell lines, and non-tumor human astrocytes (HA) and rodent NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines were utilized for experiments. Tumor cell lines exhibited a marked increase in sensitivity to ubidecarenone vs. non-tumor cell lines. Further, elevated mitochondrial superoxide production was noted in tumor cells vs. non-tumor cells hours before any changes in proliferation or the cell cycle could be detected. In vitro co-culture experiments show ubidecarenone differentially affecting tumor cells vs. non-tumor cells, resulting in an equilibrated culture. In vivo activity in a highly aggressive orthotopic C6 glioma model demonstrated a greater than 25% long-term survival rate. Based on these findings we conclude that high levels of ubidecarenone delivered using BPM31510 provide an effective therapeutic modality targeting cancer-specific modulation of redox mechanisms for anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Taichang Jang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Milton Merchant
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seema Nagpal
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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143
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Z, Pu W, Niu M, Song S, Wei L, Ding Y, Xu L, Tian M, Wang H. Respiratory exposure to PM2.5 soluble extract disrupts mucosal barrier function and promotes the development of experimental asthma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139145. [PMID: 32402975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are important factors that contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma, but experimental evidence still needs to be collected and the mechanisms still need to be addressed. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and asthma development. The effects of PM2.5 exposure on the barrier functions of airway epithelial cells were also determined. METHODS PM2.5 was collected from Nanjing, China, and its soluble extract was prepared. Human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with different concentrations of soluble PM2.5 extract, and cell viability was detected by FACS using Annexin V-FITC staining. PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory events were assessed by DCF-DA staining and qPCR. PM2.5-induced dysfunction of the airway epithelial barrier was assessed by measuring the expression of tight junction molecules. In vivo, BALB/c mice were treated with OVA in the presence or absence of PM2.5 solution, followed by exposure to OVA aerosols. Allergy-induced airway inflammation and lung injury were assessed by histopathological analyses. RESULTS Soluble PM2.5 extract exposure in vitro decreased the viability and increased apoptosis of airway epithelial cells. Soluble PM2.5 extract induced oxidative stress and enhanced pro-inflammatory factor expression by activating the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, which were accompanied by reduced airway barrier function. The in vivo data demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure increased the effects of allergy sensitization after respiratory exposure to allergens, which led to the development of asthma. CONCLUSION This study suggests that exposure to soluble PM2.5 extract contributes to airway barrier dysfunction. The soluble mediators generated by airway epithelial cells in response to PM2.5 exposure orchestrate the breaking of inhalational tolerance and sensitization to allergic antigens, leading to the exacerbated development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lulu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yibing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Man Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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144
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Orouei S, Saberifar S, Salami S, Hushmandi K, Najafi M. Recent advances and future directions in anti-tumor activity of cryptotanshinone: A mechanistic review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:155-179. [PMID: 33507609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In respect to the enhanced incidence rate of cancer worldwide, studies have focused on cancer therapy using novel strategies. Chemotherapy is a common strategy in cancer therapy, but its adverse effects and chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. So, attempts have been directed towards minimally invasive cancer therapy using plant derived-natural compounds. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a component of salvia miltiorrihiza Bunge, well-known as Danshen and has a variety of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective. Recently, studies have focused on anti-tumor activity of CT against different cancers. Notably, this herbal compound is efficient in cancer therapy by targeting various molecular signaling pathways. In the present review, we mechanistically describe the anti-tumor activity of CT with an emphasis on molecular signaling pathways. Then, we evaluate the potential of CT in cancer immunotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells into anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents, and elevating accumulation of anti-tumor drugs in cancer cells. Finally, we mention strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CT, for instance, using nanoparticles to provide targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Salami
- DVM. Graduated, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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145
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Wang J, Li J, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. TPP-based mitocans: a potent strategy for anticancer drug design. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:858-875. [PMID: 33479681 PMCID: PMC7489259 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems that endanger human health. The number of cancer patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit abnormal metabolism (abnormal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, high levels of reactive oxygen species, anti-apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential, and so on), and specific targeting of these metabolic abnormalities would be a promising drug design direction. These physiological characteristics are closely related to tumorigenesis and development, which are mainly regulated by mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondria have become important anticancer drug targets, attracting much attention in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarize various mitochondrial anticancer drugs developed, especially mitocans based on triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and discuss the advantages of TPP in endowing mitochondrial targeting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Wang
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Bin Fu
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
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146
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Itaconate: A Metabolite Regulates Inflammation Response and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5404780. [PMID: 32724492 PMCID: PMC7382747 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5404780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic products can lead to crucial biological function alterations. Itaconate is probably the best example of how a metabolic process can be diverted to generate an immunomodulator effect in macrophages. Through inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, the immune response gene 1 is activated and promotes the production of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle by decarboxylating cis-aconitate. Itaconate has been reported to have multiple immunoregulatory and antioxidative effects. In addition, reports have described its antibacterial and protumor effects. The involved mechanism in these effects includes the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 by alkylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis by targeting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, and blockade of IκBζ translation. All of these discoveries elucidated the transformation of the pro- into anti-inflammatory status in macrophages, which is crucial in innate immunity and set the ground for the emerging therapeutic implications of itaconate. In this review, we point out that itaconate is a novel and pivotal metabolic determinant of the immunoregulatory response in macrophages and highlight studies that have improved our understanding of the connection between the immune response and metabolism. In addition, we shed light on the therapeutic potential of itaconate and its derivatives to treat inflammatory diseases.
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147
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Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Hsieh CW, Chen PN, Yu CC. Soy Isoflavone Genistein Impedes Cancer Stemness and Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Cancer through Activating miR-34a/RTCB Axis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071924. [PMID: 32610494 PMCID: PMC7400540 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a soy-derived phytoestrogen, has been shown to exhibit anti-neoplastic activities in various cancers. Nevertheless, its effects on the elimination of tumor-initiating cells of head and neck cancer (HNC-TICs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of genistein on HNC-TICs and potential mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that genistein lowered the proliferation of HNC-TICs by examining the percentage of ALDH1+ or CD44+ cells. Aside from the downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HNC-TICs, genistein restricted their tumor propagating capacities in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, genistein potentiated cell death caused by three commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, cisplatin, and 5-FU). Our findings proved that genistein induced ROS production through upregulation of miR-34a, leading to apoptosis in HNC-TICs. The genistein-elicited miR-34a reduced self-renewal, migration, invasion capacities and ALDH1 activity, which may be partly owing to the repression of EMT. Furthermore, we showed that RTCB was a novel target that was negatively regulated by miR-34a and involved in the tumor repressive effect of genistein. Besides, the in vivo study validated that genistein retarded tumor growth through the elevation of miR-34a and suppression of RTCB. These results suggested that genistein-induced miR-34a contributed to the ROS-associated apoptosis and diminished stemness properties via repression of RTCB in HNC-TICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
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148
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Carbonell T, Gomes AV. MicroRNAs in the regulation of cellular redox status and its implications in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101607. [PMID: 32593128 PMCID: PMC7322687 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that do not encode for proteins and play key roles in the regulation of gene expression. miRNAs are involved in a comprehensive range of biological processes such as cell cycle control, apoptosis, and several developmental and physiological processes. Oxidative stress can affect the expression levels of multiple miRNAs and, conversely, miRNAs may regulate the expression of redox sensors, alter critical components of the cellular antioxidants, interact with the proteasome, and affect DNA repair systems. The number of publications identifying redox-sensitive miRNAs has increased significantly over the last few years, and some miRNA targets such as Nrf2, SIRT1 and NF-κB have been identified. The complex interplay between miRNAs and ROS is discussed together with their role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the potential use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of myocardial infarction. Detailed knowledge of redox-sensitive miRNAs is needed to be able to effectively use individual compounds or sets of miRNA-modulating compounds to improve the health-related outcomes associated with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, 176 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Physiology, Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, 176 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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149
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Jang E, Kim IY, Kim H, Lee DM, Seo DY, Lee JA, Choi KS, Kim E. Quercetin and chloroquine synergistically kill glioma cells by inducing organelle stress and disrupting Ca 2+ homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114098. [PMID: 32540484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most uncompromising cancers, with a median survival of 15 months among those receiving maximal therapy. Therefore, new effective approaches are urgently required for the treatment of GBM. In this study, we show that combined treatments with the flavonoid quercetin and chloroquine (CQ), which is a lysosomotropic agent with antimalarial activity, synergistically induce caspase-independent cell death in malignant glioma cells. The combination of quercetin and CQ triggered excessive expansion of autolysosomes and lysosomes due to overloading with undigested cellular components and protein aggregates, leading to cell death, whereas quercetin alone increased autophagic flux. These results suggest that CQ-mediated lysosomal inhibition prolongs quercetin-mediated autophagic flux, resulting in autophagic catastrophe and severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additionally, we found that 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release from the ER and the following mitochondrial uniporter (MCU)-mediated Ca2+ influx into mitochondria as well as ROS generation are critically involved in the cytotoxicity by this combination. Collectively, the lysosomal defects induced by quercetin plus CQ may trigger the stress to both the ER and mitochondria and consequently their functional defects, contributing to glioma cell death. The combination of quercetin and CQ may be an effective therapeutic option for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ahn Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunhee Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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150
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Paneerselvam C, Ganapasam S. β-Escin alleviates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia-mediated apoptotic resistance and invasion via ROS-dependent HIF-1α/TGF-β/MMPs in A549 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:191-201. [PMID: 32670550 PMCID: PMC7329168 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is contributed in various pathophysiological conditions including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In cancer, hypoxia is a salient phenomenon and has been correlated with tumor progression, metastasis, and provoke resistance to therapies in cancer patients, which exert with stabilization of main effector, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Therefore, therapeutic targeting of hypoxic responses in cancer is the potential approach to improve the better treatment efficacy. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of β-Escin (β-Es) on hypoxia-induced resistance to apoptosis and metastasis in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The MTT assay revealed that β-Es treatment decreased the A549 cells viability under cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia. Apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot that showed cancer cells treated with β-Es induced cell death in hypoxia condition as proteins compared with normoxia. Moreover, we observed that cobalt chloride induced hypoxia through the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and stabilized the transcriptional factor HIF-1α, which leads to cancer metastasis. This notion was supported by the migration, invasion, and adhesion assays. Furthermore, hypoxia increased the expression of transforming growth factor-β, and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases were suppressed by the treatment of β-Es as well as pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, we demonstrate that a concurrent activation of HIF-1α, transforming growth factor-β, and matrix metalloproteinases participate in hypoxia-induced metastasis and that β-Es prevent A549 cells metastasis by inhibition of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chermakani Paneerselvam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhandiran Ganapasam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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