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The role of hepatocyte growth factor in mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in spinal cord injured rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32410702 PMCID: PMC7227078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the fact that they provide a favorable environment. Treatment using MSCs results in a better neurological functional improvement through the promotion of nerve cell regeneration and the modulation of inflammation. Many studies have highlighted that the beneficial effects of MSCs are more likely associated with their secreted factors. However, the identity of the factor that plays a key role in the MSC-induced neurological functional recovery following SCI as well as its molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Methods A conditioned medium (collected from the MSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were used to test the effects on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCS) in the presence of BMP4 with or without a c-Met antibody. In SCI rats, Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to investigate the biological effects of MSC-conditioned medium and HGF on nerve cell regeneration and inflammation with or without the pre-treatment using a c-Met antibody. In addition, the possible molecular mechanism (cross-talk between HGF/c-Met and the BMP/Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathway) was also detected by Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Results The conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) was able to promote the NSC differentiation into neurons in vitro and the neurite outgrowth in the scar boundary of SCI rats by inhibiting the BMP/Smad signaling pathway as well as reduces the secondary damage through the modulation of the inflammatory process. The supplementation of HGF showed similar biological effects to those of BMSC-CM, whereas a functional blocking of the c-Met antibody or HGF knockdown in BMSCs significantly reversed the functional improvement mediated by the BMSC-CM. Conclusions The MSC-associated biological effects on the recovery of SCI rats mainly depend on the secretion of HGF.
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102
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Hoogduijn MJ, Montserrat N, van der Laan LJW, Dazzi F, Perico N, Kastrup J, Gilbo N, Ploeg RJ, Roobrouck V, Casiraghi F, Johnson CL, Franquesa M, Dahlke MH, Massey E, Hosgood S, Reinders MEJ. The emergence of regenerative medicine in organ transplantation: 1st European Cell Therapy and Organ Regeneration Section meeting. Transpl Int 2020; 33:833-840. [PMID: 32237237 PMCID: PMC7497223 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is emerging as a novel field in organ transplantation. In September 2019, the European Cell Therapy and Organ Regeneration Section (ECTORS) of the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) held its first meeting to discuss the state‐of‐the‐art of regenerative medicine in organ transplantation. The present article highlights the key areas of interest and major advances in this multidisciplinary field in organ regeneration and discusses its implications for the future of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Norberto Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Cardiology Stem Cell Center, Rigshospitalet University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Gilbo
- Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Christian L Johnson
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc H Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Health-Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Emma Massey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hosgood
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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103
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Transfected Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Recovery of Motor and Sensory Functions of Rats With Spinal Cord Injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:E364-E372. [PMID: 32168135 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic science. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the recovery of motor and sensory functions of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is no effective treatment to protect against SCI. BMSCs have been widely applied to the treatment of nervous system damage due to the function of prompt neurite growth and inhibition of demyelination following injury. METHODS VEGF-transfected BMSCs were injected to rats with SCI and the recovery of motor and sensory functions was observed. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan, mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdraw latency grading was conducted to assess the recovery status of motor and sensory functions of the SCI rats. The expression of VEGF, CD31, and NF200 was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The recovery of the rat motor and sensory functions in the VEGF-transfected BMSC (BMSC-VEGF) group was higher than those of the other groups with the exception of the Sham group (P < 0.05). The expression of the CD31 and NF200 proteins in the rat SCI regions was the highest in the BMSC-VEGF group, whereas the survival of BMSC in the BMSC-VEGF group was increased compared with that in the BMSC-Ad group. In addition, the injection of VEGF-transfected BMSCs can improve the angiogenesis of the injured area and retain the survival of injected cells and neurons. CONCLUSION The injection of BMSC-VEGF improved the recovery of motor function in SCI rats. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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104
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IL-4 Alleviates Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Kupffer Cells M2 Polarization via STAT6-JMJD3 Pathway after Rat Liver Transplantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2953068. [PMID: 32258110 PMCID: PMC7104314 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2953068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a problem in liver transplantation. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been found to reduce liver IRI, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Methods Donor livers were infused with recombinant IL-4 or normal saline during cold storage, and the hepatocellular apoptosis and the inflammatory response were detected. The effect of IL-4 treatment on Kupffer cells (KCs) polarization and expression of the STAT6-JMJD3 pathway was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. KCs in donor livers were depleted by clodronate liposome treatment or JMJD3 was inhibited by GSK-J4 before liver transplantation to determine whether the protective effect of IL-4 treatment was dependent on KCs. Results IL-4 treatment decreased sALT and sAST levels and alleviated hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammation at 6 h after liver transplantation. IL-4 treatment induced KCs alternatively activated (M2) polarization in vitro. KCs in donor livers were depleted by clodronate liposome treatment or JMJD3 was inhibited by GSK-J4 before liver transplantation to determine whether the protective effect of IL-4 treatment was dependent on KCs. in vivo and in vitro. KCs in donor livers were depleted by clodronate liposome treatment or JMJD3 was inhibited by GSK-J4 before liver transplantation to determine whether the protective effect of IL-4 treatment was dependent on KCs. Conclusions IL-4 treatment-induced KCs M2 polarization was dependent on the STAT6-JMJD3 pathway and protected liver grafts from IRI after liver transplantation.
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105
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Li J, Ding Z, Li Y, Wang W, Wang J, Yu H, Liu A, Miao J, Chen S, Wu T, Cao Y. BMSCs-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Pain Via Abrogation of Aberrant Nerve Invasion in Subchondral Bone in Lumbar Facet Joint Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:670-679. [PMID: 31608495 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (LFJ OA) is regarded as one of the common causes of low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of this disease are largely unknown, there is still no effective disease-modifying therapy. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the pathogenesis and behavioral signs of LBP in the LFJ OA mouse model. The pathogenetic change in cartilage and aberrant nerve invasion in the subchondral bone of LFJ in a mouse model after treatment with BMSC-exosomes was evaluated. BMSC-exosomes could relieve pain via abrogation of aberrant CGRP-positive nerve and abnormal H-type vessel formation in the subchondral bone of LFJ. Moreover, BMSC-exosomes attenuated cartilage degeneration and inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression and RANKL-RANK-TRAF6 signaling activation to facilitate subchondral bone remodeling. These results indicated that BMSC-exosomes could relive behavioral signs of LBP and pathological processes in LFJ OA. BMSC-exosomes have a prominent protective effect and might be a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of LFJ OA causing LBP. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:670-679, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiyu Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yuezhan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Xiangya Basic Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ansong Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Xiangya Basic Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jinglei Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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Eljarrah A, Gergues M, Pobiarzyn PW, Sandiford OA, Rameshwar P. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immune-Mediated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:93-108. [PMID: 31898783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can self-renew and differentiate into cells of all germ layers. MSCs can be easily attracted to the site of tissue insult with high levels of inflammatory mediators. The general ability of MSCs to migrate at the sites of tissue injury suggested an innate ability for these cells to be involved in baseline tissue repair. The bone marrow is one of the primary sources of MSCs, though they can be ubiquitous. An attractive property of MSCs for clinical application is their ability to cross allogeneic barrier. However, alone, MSCs are not immune suppressive cells. Rather, they can be licensed by the tissue microenvironment to become immune suppressor cells. Immune suppressor functions of MSCs include those that blunt cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, suppression of T-cell proliferation, and "veto" function. MSCs, as third-party cells, suppress the immune response that generally recapitulates graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) responses. Based on the plastic functions of MSCs, these cells have dominated the field of cell-based therapies, such as anti-inflammatory and drug delivery. Here, we focus on the potential use of MSC for immunological disorders such as Crohn's disease and GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Eljarrah
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Piotr W Pobiarzyn
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Oleta A Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA.
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107
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Silvestro S, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Stem Cells Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: An Overview of Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E659. [PMID: 31963888 PMCID: PMC7013533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic lesion that causes disability with temporary or permanent sensory and/or motor deficits. The pharmacological approach still in use for the treatment of SCI involves the employment of corticosteroid drugs. However, SCI remains a very complex disorder that needs future studies to find effective pharmacological treatments. SCI actives a strong inflammatory response that induces a loss of neurons followed by a cascade of events that lead to further spinal cord damage. Many experimental studies demonstrate the therapeutic effect of stem cells in SCI due to their capacity to differentiate into neuronal cells and by releasing neurotrophic factors. Therefore, they appear to be a valid strategy to use in the field of regenerative medicine. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of clinical trials, recorded in clinical trial.gov during 2005-2019, aimed to evaluate the use of stem cell-based therapy in SCI. The results available thus far show the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in patients with SCI. However, future trials are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Silvestro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.)
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108
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Kitase Y, Sato Y, Ueda K, Suzuki T, Mikrogeorgiou A, Sugiyama Y, Matsubara K, Tsukagoshi Okabe Y, Shimizu S, Hirata H, Yukawa H, Baba Y, Tsuji M, Takahashi Y, Yamamoto A, Hayakawa M. A Novel Treatment with Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonatal Rats. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:63-74. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ueda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alkisti Mikrogeorgiou
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sugiyama
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohki Matsubara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Shinobu Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirata
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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109
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Therajaran P, Hamilton JA, O'Brien TJ, Jones NC, Ali I. Microglial polarization in posttraumatic epilepsy: Potential mechanism and treatment opportunity. Epilepsia 2020; 61:203-215. [PMID: 31943156 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms driving epileptogenesis following traumatic brain injury (TBI), effective preventive treatment approaches are not yet available for posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Neuroinflammation appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the acquired epilepsies, including PTE, but despite a large preclinical literature demonstrating the ability of anti-inflammatory treatments to suppress epileptogenesis and chronic seizures, no anti-inflammatory treatment approaches have been clinically proven to date. TBI triggers robust inflammatory cascades, suggesting that they may be relevant for the pathogenesis of PTE. A major cell type involved in such cascades is the microglial cells-brain-resident immune cells that become activated after brain injury. When activated, these cells can oscillate between different phenotypes, and such polarization states are associated with the release of various pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that may influence brain repair processes, and also differentially contribute to the development of PTE. As the molecular mechanisms and key signaling molecules associated with microglial polarization in brain are discovered, strategies are now emerging that can modulate this polarization, promoting this as a potential therapeutic strategy for PTE. In this review, we discuss the relevant literature regarding the polarization of brain-resident immune cells following TBI and attempt to put into perspective a role in epilepsy pathogenesis. Finally, we explore potential strategies that could polarize microglia/macrophages toward a neuroprotective phenotype to mitigate PTE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peravina Therajaran
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Liu AM, Chen BL, Yu LT, Liu T, Shi LL, Yu PP, Qu YB, So KF, Zhou LB. Human adipose tissue- and umbilical cord-derived stem cells: which is a better alternative to treat spinal cord injury? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2306-2317. [PMID: 32594054 PMCID: PMC7749492 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of stem cells have been proposed for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but their comparative information remains elusive. In this study, a rat model of T10 contusion spinal cord injury was established by the impactor method. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) or human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) (2.5 μL/injection site, 1 × 105 cells/μL) was injected on rostral and caudal of the injury segment on the ninth day after injury. Rats injected with mesenchymal stem cell culture medium were used as controls. Our results show that although transplanted UCMSCs and ADMSCs failed to differentiate into neurons or glial cells in vivo, both significantly improved motor and sensory function. After spinal cord injury, UCMSCs and ADMSCs similarly promoted spinal neuron survival and axonal regeneration, decreased glial scar and lesion cavity formation, and reduced numbers of active macrophages. Bio-Plex analysis of spinal samples showed a specific increase of interleukin-10 and decrease of tumor necrosis factor α in the ADMSC group, as well as a downregulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α in both UCMSC and ADMSC groups at 3 days after cell transplantation. Upregulation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-13 was observed in both UCMSC and ADMSC groups at 7 days after cell transplantation. Isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics analyses showed that UCMSCs and ADMSCs induced changes of multiple genes related to axonal regeneration, neurotrophy, and cell apoptosis in common and specific manners. In conclusion, UCMSC and ADMSC transplants yielded quite similar contributions to motor and sensory recovery after spinal cord injury via anti-inflammation and improved axonal growth. However, there were some differences in cytokine and gene expression induced by these two types of transplanted cells. Animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee at Jinan University (approval No. 20180228026) on February 28, 2018, and the application of human stem cells was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Medical College of Jinan University of China (approval No. 2016041303) on April 13, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo-Li Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Tai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Shi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Bo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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111
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Chen YT, Tsai MJ, Hsieh N, Lo MJ, Lee MJ, Cheng H, Huang WC. The superiority of conditioned medium derived from rapidly expanded mesenchymal stem cells for neural repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31842998 PMCID: PMC6916259 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and severe neurological condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors show promising potential for regenerative medicine. Many studies have investigated MSC expansion efficacy of all kinds of culture medium formulations, such as growth factor-supplemented or xeno-free medium. However, very few studies have focused on the potential of human MSC (hMSC) culture medium formulations for injured spinal cord repair. In this study, we investigated the effect of hMSC-conditioned medium supplemented with bFGF, EGF, and patient plasma, namely, neural regeneration laboratory medium (NRLM), on SCI in vitro and in vivo. Methods Commercial and patient bone marrow hMSCs were obtained for cultivation in standard medium and NRLM separately. Several characteristics, including CD marker expression, differentiation, and growth curves, were compared between MSCs cultured in standard medium and NRLM. Additionally, we investigated the effect of the conditioned medium (referred to as NRLM-CM) on neural repair, including inflammation inhibition, neurite regeneration, and spinal cord injury (SCI), and used a coculture system to detect the neural repair function of NRLM-MSCs. Results Compared to standard culture medium, NRLM-CM had superior in inflammation reduction and neurite regeneration effects in vitro and improved functional restoration in SCI rats in vivo. In comparison with standard culture medium MSCs, NRLM-MSCs proliferated faster regardless of the age of the donor. NRLM-MSCs also showed increased adipose differentiative potential and reduced CD90 expression. Both types of hMSC CM effectively enhanced injured neurite outgrowth and protected against H2O2 toxicity in spinal cord neuron cultures. Cytokine arrays performed in hMSC-CM further revealed the presence of at least 120 proteins. Among these proteins, 6 demonstrated significantly increased expression in NRLM-CM: adiponectin (Acrp30), angiogenin (ANG), HGF, NAP-2, uPAR, and IGFBP2. Conclusions The NRLM culture system provides rapid expansion effects and functional hMSCs. The superiority of the derived conditioned medium on neural repair shows potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Nini Hsieh
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jei Lo
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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112
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Zhou P, Guan J, Xu P, Zhao J, Zhang C, Zhang B, Mao Y, Cui W. Cell Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:585-605. [PMID: 31637103 PMCID: PMC6798812 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that resulted from destroyed long axis of spinal cord, affecting thousands of people every year. With the occurrence of SCI, the lesions can form cystic cavities and produce glial scar, myelin inhibitor, and inflammation that negatively impact repair of spinal cord. Therefore, SCI remains a difficult problem to overcome with present therapeutics. This review of cell therapeutics in SCI provides a systematic review of combinatory therapeutics of SCI and helps the realization of regeneration of spinal cord in the future. Recent Advances: With major breakthroughs in neurobiology in recent years, present therapeutic strategies for SCI mainly aim at nerve regeneration or neuroprotection. For nerve regeneration, the application approaches are tissue engineering and cell transplantation, while drug therapeutics is applied for neuroprotection. Cell therapeutics is a new approach that treats SCI by cell transplantation. Cell therapeutics possesses advantages of neuroprotection, immune regulation, axonal regeneration, neuron relay formation, and remyelination. Critical Issues: Neurons cannot regenerate at the site of injury. Therefore, it is essential to find a repair strategy for remyelination, axon regeneration, and functional recovery. Cell therapeutics is emerging as the most promising approach for treating SCI. Future Directions: The future application of SCI therapy in clinical practice may require a combination of multiple strategies. A comprehensive treatment of injury of spinal cord is the focus of the present research. With the combination of different cell therapy strategies, future experiments will achieve more dramatic success in spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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113
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Massoto TB, Santos ACR, Ramalho BS, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB, Marques SA. Mesenchymal stem cells and treadmill training enhance function and promote tissue preservation after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146494. [PMID: 31586628 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is considered a serious neurological disorder that can lead to severe sensory, motor and autonomic deficits. In this work, we investigated whether cell therapy associated with physical activity after mouse SCI could promote morphological and functional outcomes, using a lesion model established by our group. Mesenchymal stem cells (8 × 105 cells/2 µL) or DMEM (2 µL), were injected in the epicenter of the lesion at 7 days after SCI, and the mice started a moderate treadmill training 14 days after injury. Functional assessments were performed weekly up to 8 weeks after injury when the morphological analyses were also performed. Four injured groups were analyzed: DMEM (SCI plus DMEM injection), MSCT (SCI plus MSC injection), DMEM + TMT (SCI plus DMEM injection and treadmill training) and MSCT + TMT (SCI plus MSC injection and treadmill training). The animals that received the combined therapy (MSCT + TMT) were able to recover and maintained the better functional results throughout the analyzed period. The morphometric analysis from MSCT + TMT group evidenced a larger spared white matter area and a higher number of preserved myelinated fibers with the majority of them reaching the ideal G-ratio values, when compared to other groups. Ultrastructural analysis from this group, using transmission electron microscopy, showed better tissue preservation with few microcavitations and degenerating nerve fibers. Also, this group exhibited a significantly higher neurotrophin 4 (NT4) expression as compared to the other groups. The results provided by this study support the conclusion that the association of strategies is a potential therapeutic approach to treat SCI, with the possibility of translation into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Braga Massoto
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Rodrigues Santos
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Ramalho
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Adriani Marques
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kang J, Li Z, Zhi Z, Wang S, Xu G. MiR-21 derived from the exosomes of MSCs regulates the death and differentiation of neurons in patients with spinal cord injury. Gene Ther 2019; 26:491-503. [PMID: 31570818 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of miR-21 in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to measure the expression of miR-21, PTEN, and PDCD4 in SCI rats. Locomotion recovery assessment, Nissl staining, IHC assay, and TUNEL assay were utilized to observe the therapeutic effect of miR-21 in the treatment of SCI. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay were conducted to establish the signaling pathway of miR-21, PTEN, and PDCD4. The regulatory relationships between miR-21 and PTEN/PDCD4 were further validated by real-time PCR, western blot, MTT assay, and flow cytometry. Compared with sham-operated rats, SCI rats showed decreased expression of miR-21 along with increased expression of PTEN/PDCD4. Exosomes were equally distributed in MSCs transfected with miR-21, PTEN siRNA, or scramble controls. The exosomes isolated from the supernatant of cultured MSCs could improve the functional recovery of SCI rats by reducing SCI-induced neuron loss. In addition, miR-21 was shown to inhibit the expression of PTEN/PDCD4 and suppress neuron cell death. Moreover, PTEN and PDCD4 were validated as virtual targets of miR-21. In addition, the miR-21/PTEN/PDCD4 signaling pathway was shown to enhance cell viability and suppress cell death in vivo. The exosomes collected from the supernatant of transfected MSCs contained miR-21, which could improve the functional recovery of SCI rats and suppress cell death both in vivo and in vitro via the miR-21/PTEN/PDCD4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Zhenhuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, ZhaBei Central Hospital of JingaAn District, Shanghai, 200070, China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China.
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115
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Radially patterned polycaprolactone nanofibers as an active wound dressing agent. Arch Plast Surg 2019; 46:399-404. [PMID: 31550744 PMCID: PMC6759445 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objectives of this study were to design polycaprolactone nanofibers with a radial pattern using a modified electrospinning method and to evaluate the effect of radial nanofiber deposition on mechanical and biological properties compared to non-patterned samples. Methods Radially patterned polycaprolactone nanofibers were prepared with a modified electrospinning method and compared with randomly deposited nanofibers. The surface morphology of samples was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile properties of nanofibrous mats were measured using a tabletop uniaxial testing machine. Fluorescence-stained human bone marrow stem cells were placed along the perimeter of the radially patterned and randomly deposited. Their migration toward the center was observed on days 1, 4, and 7, and quantitatively measured using ImageJ software. Results Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in mechanical properties between the two types of polycaprolactone nanofibrous mats. SEM images of the obtained samples suggested that the directionality of the nanofibers was toward the central area, regardless of where the nanofibers were located throughout the entire sample. Florescence images showed stronger fluorescence inside the circle in radially aligned nanofibers, with significant differences on days 4 and 7, indicating that migration was quicker along radially aligned nanofibers than along randomly deposited nanofibers. Conclusions In this study, we successfully used modified electrospinning to fabricate radially aligned nanofibers with similar mechanical properties to those of conventional randomly aligned nanofibers. In addition, we observed faster migration along radially aligned nanofibers than along randomly deposited nanofibers. Collectively, the radially aligned nanofibers may have the potential for tissue regeneration in combination with stem cells.
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116
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Kobashi S, Terashima T, Katagi M, Nakae Y, Okano J, Suzuki Y, Urushitani M, Kojima H. Transplantation of M2-Deviated Microglia Promotes Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Mol Ther 2019; 28:254-265. [PMID: 31604678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the poor prognosis of spinal cord injury (SCI), effective treatments are lacking. Diverse factors regulate SCI prognosis. In this regard, microglia play crucial roles depending on their phenotype. The M1 phenotype exacerbates neuroinflammation, whereas the M2 phenotype promotes tissue repair and provides anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we compared the effects of M2 and M1 microglia transplantation on SCI. First, we established a method for effective induction of M1 or M2 microglia by exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin (IL)-4, respectively, to be used for transplantation in a SCI mouse model. In the M2 microglia transplantation group, significant recovery of motor function was observed compared with the control and M1 groups. Elevated transcription of several neuroprotective molecules including mannose receptor C type 1 (Mrc1), arginase 1 (Arg1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) was observed. Moreover, intramuscular injection of FluoroRuby dye revealed recovery of retrograde axonal transport from the neuromuscular junction to upstream of the injured spinal cord only in the M2-transplanted group, although the number of migrated microglia were comparable in both M1 and M2 groups. In conclusion, our results indicated that M2 microglia obtained by IL-4 stimulation may be a promising candidate for cell transplantation therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kobashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakae
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Junko Okano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suzuki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Elchaninov AV, Fatkhudinov TK, Vishnyakova PA, Lokhonina AV, Sukhikh GT. Phenotypical and Functional Polymorphism of Liver Resident Macrophages. Cells 2019; 8:E1032. [PMID: 31491903 PMCID: PMC6769646 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are one of the main causes of mortality. In this regard, the development of new ways of reparative processes stimulation is relevant. Macrophages play a leading role in the regulation of liver homeostasis in physiological conditions and in pathology. In this regard, the development of new liver treatment methods is impossible without taking into account this cell population. Resident macrophages of the liver, Kupffer cells, represent a unique cell population, first of all, due to their development. Most of the liver macrophages belong to the self-sustaining macrophage cell population, whose origin is not bone marrow. In addition, Kupffer cells are involved in such processes as regulation of hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, remodeling of the intercellular matrix, lipid metabolism, protective function, etc. Such a broad spectrum of liver macrophage functions indicates their high functional plasticity. The review summarizes recent data on the development, phenotypic and functional plasticity, and participation in the reparative processes of liver macrophages: resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and bone marrow-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Histology, Embryology and Cytology Department, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Timur Kh Fatkhudinov
- Histology, Embryology and Cytology Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia.
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia.
| | - Polina A Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Anastasia V Lokhonina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Histology, Embryology and Cytology Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia.
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Akhmetzyanova E, Kletenkov K, Mukhamedshina Y, Rizvanov A. Different Approaches to Modulation of Microglia Phenotypes After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:37. [PMID: 31507384 PMCID: PMC6718713 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells, which are highly plastic, immediately respond to any change in the microenvironment by becoming activated and shifting the phenotype toward neurotoxicity or neuroprotection. The polarization of microglia/macrophages after spinal cord injury (SCI) seems to be a dynamic process and can change depending on the microenvironment, stage, course, and severity of the posttraumatic process. Effective methods to modulate microglia toward a neuroprotective phenotype in order to stimulate neuroregeneration are actively sought for. In this context, available approaches that can selectively impact the polarization of microglia/macrophages regulate synthesis of trophic factors and cytokines/chemokines in them, and their phagocytic function and effects on the course and outcome of SCI are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Akhmetzyanova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kletenkov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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119
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Rauff A, LaBelle SA, Strobel HA, Hoying JB, Weiss JA. Imaging the Dynamic Interaction Between Sprouting Microvessels and the Extracellular Matrix. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1011. [PMID: 31507428 PMCID: PMC6713949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough understanding of growth and evolution of tissue vasculature is fundamental to many fields of medicine including cancer therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from existing ones, is dynamically influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including mechanical and biophysical factors, chemotactic factors, proteolysis, and interaction with stromal cells. Yet, dynamic interactions between neovessels and their environment are difficult to study with traditional fixed time imaging techniques. Advancements in imaging technologies permit time-series and volumetric imaging, affording the ability to visualize microvessel growth over 3D space and time. Time-lapse imaging has led to more informative investigations of angiogenesis. The environmental factors implicated in angiogenesis span a wide range of signals. Neovessels advance through stromal matrices by forming attachments and pulling and pushing on their microenvironment, reorganizing matrix fibers, and inducing large deformations of the surrounding stroma. Concurrently, neovessels secrete proteolytic enzymes to degrade their basement membrane, create space for new vessels to grow, and release matrix-bound cytokines. Growing neovessels also respond to a host of soluble and matrix-bound growth factors, and display preferential growth along a cytokine gradient. Lastly, stromal cells such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact directly with neovessels and their surrounding matrix to facilitate sprouting, vessel fusion, and tissue remodeling. This review highlights how time-lapse imaging techniques advanced our understanding of the interaction of blood vessels with their environment during sprouting angiogenesis. The technology provides means to characterize the evolution of microvessel behavior, providing new insights and holding great promise for further research on the process of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rauff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Steven A. LaBelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hannah A. Strobel
- Innovations Laboratory, Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - James B. Hoying
- Innovations Laboratory, Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Venkat P, Cui C, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Wang F, Landschoot-Ward J, Shen Y, Chen J. MiR-126 Mediates Brain Endothelial Cell Exosome Treatment-Induced Neurorestorative Effects After Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice. Stroke 2019; 50:2865-2874. [PMID: 31394992 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit increased vascular and white matter damage and have worse prognosis compared with nondiabetic stroke patients. We investigated the neurorestorative effects of exosomes derived from mouse brain endothelial cells (EC-Exo) as treatment for stroke in T2DM mice and investigated the role of miR-126 in mediating EC-Exo-derived therapeutic benefits in T2DM-stroke mice. Methods- Adult, male BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (T2DM) mice were subjected to photothrombotic stroke model. T2DM mice were intravenously injected at 3 days after stroke with (1) PBS; (2) liposome mimic (vehicle control, 3×1010); (3) EC-Exo (3×1010); (4) knockdown of miR-126 in EC-Exo (miR-126-/- EC-Exo, 3×1010). Behavioral and cognitive tests were performed, and mice were sacrificed at 28 days after stroke. Results- Compared with non-DM stroke mice, T2DM-stroke mice exhibit significantly decreased serum and brain tissue miR-126 expression. Endothelial cells and EC-Exo contain high levels of miR-126 compared with other cell types or exosomes derived from other types of cells, respectively (smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, and marrow stromal cells). Compared with PBS or liposome mimic treatment, EC-Exo treatment of T2DM-stroke mice significantly improves neurological and cognitive function, increases axon density, myelin density, vascular density, arterial diameter, as well as induces M2 macrophage polarization in the ischemic boundary zone. MiR-126-/- EC-Exo treatment significantly decreases miR-126 expression in serum and brain, as well as attentuates EC-Exo treatment-induced functional improvement and does not significantly increase axon and myelin density, vascular density, arterial diameter or induce M2 macrophage polarization in T2DM-stroke mice. In vitro, EC-Exo treatment significantly increases primary cortical neuron axonal outgrowth and increases endothelial capillary tube formation whereas miR-126-/- EC-Exo attentuates EC-Exo induced capillary tube formation and axonal outgrowth. Conclusions- EC-Exo treatment of stroke promotes neurorestorative effects in T2DM mice. MiR-126 may mediate EC-Exo-induced neurorestorative effects in T2DM mice. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Chengcheng Cui
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.).,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Fengjie Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Julie Landschoot-Ward
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Yi Shen
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., C.C., M.C., A.Z., F.W., J.L.-W., Y.S., J.C.)
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Shao A, Tu S, Lu J, Zhang J. Crosstalk between stem cell and spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 31387621 PMCID: PMC6683526 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The injured spinal cord is difficult to repair and regenerate. Traditional treatments are not effective. Stem cells are a type of cells that have the potential to differentiate into various cells, including neurons. They exert a therapeutic effect by safely and effectively differentiating into neurons or replacing damaged cells, secreting neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Many types of stem cells have been used for transplantation, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and the types of stem cells commonly used in experiments, to provide a reference for basic and clinical research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Sheng Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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122
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Song YH, Agrawal NK, Griffin JM, Schmidt CE. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:38-59. [PMID: 30582938 PMCID: PMC6959132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complicated condition with no cure available. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a secondary injury characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibitory glial scar formation. Due to the limitations posed by the blood-spinal cord barrier, systemic delivery of therapeutics is challenging. Recent development of various nanoscale strategies provides exciting and promising new means of treating SCI by crossing the blood-spinal cord barrier and delivering therapeutics. As such, we discuss different nanomaterial fabrication methods and provide an overview of recent studies where nanomaterials were developed to modulate inflammatory signals, target inhibitory factors in the lesion, and promote axonal regeneration after SCI. We also review emerging areas of research such as optogenetics, immunotherapy and CRISPR-mediated genome editing where nanomaterials can provide synergistic effects in developing novel SCI therapy regimens, as well as current efforts and barriers to clinical translation of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Griffin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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123
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Vander Beken S, de Vries JC, Meier-Schiesser B, Meyer P, Jiang D, Sindrilaru A, Ferreira FF, Hainzl A, Schatz S, Muschhammer J, Scheurmann NJ, Kampilafkos P, Seitz AM, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Kluth MA, Ganss C, Wlaschek M, Singh K, Maity P, Frank NY, Frank MH, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Newly Defined ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 5 Positive Dermal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Healing of Chronic Iron-Overload Wounds via Secretion of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1057-1074. [PMID: 31002437 PMCID: PMC6663647 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the beneficial effects of a newly identified dermal cell subpopulation expressing the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) for the therapy of nonhealing wounds. Local administration of dermal ABCB5+ -derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated macrophage-dominated inflammation and thereby accelerated healing of full-thickness excisional wounds in the iron-overload mouse model mimicking the nonhealing state of human venous leg ulcers. The observed beneficial effects were due to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) secreted by ABCB5+ -derived MSCs, which dampened inflammation and shifted the prevalence of unrestrained proinflammatory M1 macrophages toward repair promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages at the wound site. The beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of IL-1RA released from ABCB5+ -derived MSCs on human wound macrophages was conserved in humanized NOD-scid IL2rγ null mice. In conclusion, human dermal ABCB5+ cells represent a novel, easily accessible, and marker-enriched source of MSCs, which holds substantial promise to successfully treat chronic nonhealing wounds in humans. Stem Cells 2019;37:1057-1074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Vander Beken
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Meyer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Filipa F Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Schatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas M Seitz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark A Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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124
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Vishnyakova P, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Sukhikh G. Role of the Monocyte-Macrophage System in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153695. [PMID: 31357698 PMCID: PMC6696152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the monocyte-macrophage system, an important unit of innate immunity, ensures the normal course of pregnancy. In this review, we present the current data on the origin of the monocyte-macrophage system and its functioning in the female reproductive system during the ovarian cycle, and over the course of both normal and complicated pregnancy. Preeclampsia is a crucial gestation disorder characterized by pronounced inflammation in the maternal body that affects the work of the monocyte-macrophage system. The effects of inflammation at preeclampsia manifest in changes in monocyte counts and their subset composition, and changes in placental macrophage counts and their polarization. Here we summarize the recent data on this issue for both the maternal organism and the fetus. The influence of estrogen on macrophages and their altered levels in preeclampsia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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125
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Cofano F, Boido M, Monticelli M, Zenga F, Ducati A, Vercelli A, Garbossa D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Options, Limitations, and Future of Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112698. [PMID: 31159345 PMCID: PMC6600381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes an inestimable public health issue. The most crucial phase in the pathophysiological process of SCI concerns the well-known secondary injury, which is the uncontrolled and destructive cascade occurring later with aberrant molecular signaling, inflammation, vascular changes, and secondary cellular dysfunctions. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents one of the most important and promising tested strategies. Their appeal, among the other sources and types of stem cells, increased because of their ease of isolation/preservation and their properties. Nevertheless, encouraging promise from preclinical studies was followed by weak and conflicting results in clinical trials. In this review, the therapeutic role of MSCs is discussed, together with their properties, application, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ducati
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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126
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Yuan X, Wu Q, Wang P, Jing Y, Yao H, Tang Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Xiu R. Exosomes Derived From Pericytes Improve Microcirculation and Protect Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:319. [PMID: 31040762 PMCID: PMC6476953 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to severe and permanent paralysis and places a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. Until now, the therapy of SCI is still a big challenge for the researchers. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a hot spot for the treatment of SCI, but many problems and risks have not been resolved. Some studies have reported that the therapeutic effect of MSCs on SCI is related to the paracrine secretion of cells. The exosomes secreted by MSCs have therapeutic potential for many diseases. There are abundant pericytes which possess the characteristics of stem cells in the neurovascular unit. Due to the close relationship between pericytes and endothelial cells, the exosomes of pericytes can be taken up by endothelial cells more easily. There are fewer studies about the therapeutic potential of the exosomes derived from pericytes on SCI now. In this study, exosomes of pericytes were transplanted into the mice with SCI to study the restoration of motor function and explore the underlying mechanism. We found that the exosomes derived from pericytes could reduce pathological changes, improve the motor function, the blood flow and oxygen deficiency after SCI. In addition, the exosomes could improve the endothelial ability to regulate blood flow, protect the blood-spinal cord barrier, reduce edema, decrease the expression of HIF-1α, Bax, Aquaporin-4, and MMP2, increase the expression of Claudin-5, bcl-2 and inhibit apoptosis. The experiments in vitro proved that exosomes derived from pericytes could protect the barrier of spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells under hypoxia condition, which was related to PTEN/AKT pathway. In summary, our study showed that exosomes of pericytes had therapeutic prospects for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiang Yao
- Treatment Center of TCM, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinshan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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127
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Hakim R, Covacu R, Zachariadis V, Frostell A, Sankavaram S, Svensson M, Brundin L. Syngeneic, in contrast to allogeneic, mesenchymal stem cells have superior therapeutic potential following spinal cord injury. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 328:5-19. [PMID: 30551037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the importance of histocompatibility of transplanted MSCs in terms of therapeutic potential. Mouse syngeneic MSCs or allogeneic MSCs were transplanted following SCI in mouse. In this study we found that syngeneic, but not allogeneic, MSCs alternatively activated macrophages resulting in a down-regulation of pro-inflammation. Syngeneic MSCs also had a general suppressive effect on the immune response as compared to allogeneic MSCs. Additionally, syngeneic, but not allogeneic, MSCs significantly enhanced the recovery of hind limb function. In this study we show that the histocompatibility of transplanted MSCs is of importance for their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramil Hakim
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ruxandra Covacu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vasilios Zachariadis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Arvid Frostell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sreenivasa Sankavaram
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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128
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CD271-selected mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue enhance cartilage repair and are less angiogenic than plastic adherent mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3194. [PMID: 30816233 PMCID: PMC6395721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD271 is a marker of bone marrow MSCs with enhanced differentiation capacity for bone or cartilage repair. However, the nature of CD271+ MSCs from adipose tissue (AT) is less well understood. Here, we investigated the differentiation, wound healing and angiogenic capacity of plastic adherent MSCs (PA MSCs) versus CD271+ MSCs from AT. There was no difference in the extent to which PA MSCs and CD271+ MSCs formed osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes in vitro. In contrast, CD271+ MSCs transplanted into athymic rats significantly enhanced osteochondral wound healing with reduced vascularisation in the repair tissue compared to PA MSCs and control animals; there was little histological evidence of mature articular cartilage formation in all animals. Conditioned medium from CD271+ MSC cultures was less angiogenic than PA MSC conditioned medium, and had little effect on endothelial cell migration or endothelial tubule formation in vitro. The low angiogenic activity of CD271+ MSCs and improved early stage tissue repair of osteochondral lesions when transplanted, along with a comparable differentiation capacity along mesenchymal lineages when induced, suggests that these selected cells are a better candidate than PA MSCs for the repair of cartilaginous tissue.
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129
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Regulatory effects of dermal papillary pluripotent stem cells on polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype in vitro. Transpl Immunol 2019; 52:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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130
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Mukhamedshina YO, Gracheva OA, Mukhutdinova DM, Chelyshev YA, Rizvanov AA. Mesenchymal stem cells and the neuronal microenvironment in the area of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:227-237. [PMID: 30531002 PMCID: PMC6301181 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based technologies are used as a therapeutic strategy in spinal cord injury (SCI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which secrete various neurotrophic factors and cytokines, have immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, modulate reactivity/phenotype of astrocytes and the microglia, thereby promoting neuroregeneration seem to be the most promising. The therapeutic effect of MSCs is due to a paracrine mechanism of their action, therefore the survival of MSCs and their secretory phenotype is of particular importance. Nevertheless, these data are not always reported in efficacy studies of MSC therapy in SCI. Here, we provide a review with summaries of preclinical trials data evaluating the efficacy of MSCs in animal models of SCI. Based on the data collected, we have tried (1) to establish the behavior of MSCs after transplantation in SCI with an evaluation of cell survival, migration potential, distribution in the area of injured and intact tissue and possible differentiation; (2) to determine the effects MSCs on neuronal microenvironment and correlate them with the efficacy of functional recovery in SCI; (3) to ascertain the conditions under which MSCs demonstrate their best survival and greatest efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana O Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga A Gracheva
- Department of Therapy and Clinical Diagnostics with radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bauman Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina M Mukhutdinova
- Department of Therapy and Clinical Diagnostics with radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bauman Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yurii A Chelyshev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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131
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García E, Rodríguez-Barrera R, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Flores-Romero A, Malagón-Axotla E, Guerrero-Godinez M, De la Cruz-Castillo E, Castillo-Carvajal L, Rivas-Gonzalez M, Santiago-Tovar P, Morales I, Borlongan C, Ibarra A. Use of a combination strategy to improve neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in a rat model of acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1060-1068. [PMID: 30762019 PMCID: PMC6404491 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a very common pathological event that has devastating functional consequences in patients. In recent years, several research groups are trying to find an effective therapy that could be applied in clinical practice. In this study, we analyzed the combination of different strategies as a potential therapy for spinal cord injury. Immunization with neural derived peptides (INDP), inhibition of glial scar formation (dipyridyl: DPY), as well as the use of biocompatible matrix (fibrin glue: FG) impregnated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were combined and then its beneficial effects were evaluated in the induction of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration after acute SCI. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to a moderate spinal cord injury and then randomly allocated into five groups: 1) phosphate buffered saline; 2) DPY; 3) INDP + DPY; 4) DPY+ FG; 5) INDP + DPY + FG + MSCs. In all rats, intervention was performed 72 hours after spinal cord injury. Locomotor and sensibility recovery was assessed in all rats. At 60 days after treatment, histological examinations of the spinal cord (hematoxylin-eosin and Bielschowsky staining) were performed. Our results showed that the combination therapy (DPY+ INDP + FG + MSCs) was the best strategy to promote motor and sensibility recovery. In addition, significant increases in tissue preservation and axonal density were observed in the combination therapy group. Findings from this study suggest that the combination theapy (DPY+ INDP + FG + MSCs) exhibits potential effects on the protection and regeneration of neural tissue after acute spinal cord injury. All procedures were approved by the Animal Bioethics and Welfare Committee (approval No. 178544; CSNBTBIBAJ 090812960) on August 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa García
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Hospital Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Flores-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
| | - Emanuel Malagón-Axotla
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Marco Guerrero-Godinez
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Osteoarticular. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estefanía De la Cruz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Laura Castillo-Carvajal
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Monserrat Rivas-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Paola Santiago-Tovar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Ivis Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Cesar Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
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132
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Ren H, Chen X, Tian M, Zhou J, Ouyang H, Zhang Z. Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines for Spinal Cord Injury Repair Through Local Delivery of Therapeutic Agents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800529. [PMID: 30479916 PMCID: PMC6247077 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The balance of inflammation is critical to the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is one of the most devastating traumas in human beings. Inflammatory cytokines, the direct mediators of local inflammation, have differential influences on the repair of the injured spinal cord. Some inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated beneficial to spinal cord repair in SCI models, while some detrimental. Various animal researches have revealed that local delivery of therapeutic agents efficiently regulates inflammatory cytokines and promotes repair from SCI. Quite a few clinical studies have also shown the promotion of repair from SCI through regulation of inflammatory cytokines. However, local delivery of a single agent affects only a part of the inflammatory cytokines that need to be regulated. Meanwhile, different individuals have differential profiles of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, future studies may aim to develop personalized strategies of locally delivered therapeutic agent cocktails for effective and precise regulation of inflammation, and substantial functional recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityNo. 63 Duobao RoadGuangzhou510150P. R. China
| | - Xuri Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Mengya Tian
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing TechnologiesGuangzhou Medical UniversityNo. 63 Duobao RoadGuangzhou510150P. R. China
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133
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He H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Zhuang J, He X, Wang S, Lin W. Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation through Upregulation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2591-2603. [PMID: 29665726 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhuang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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134
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Hortensius RA, Ebens JH, Dewey MJ, Harley BAC. Incorporation of the Amniotic Membrane as an Immunomodulatory Design Element in Collagen Scaffolds for Tendon Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4367-4377. [PMID: 30693317 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries often require surgical intervention and even then result in poor outcomes due to scar formation and repeated failure. Biomaterial implants offer the potential to address multiple underlying concerns preventing improved tendon repair. Here, we describe modifications to the composition of an anisotropic collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold biomaterial, incorporating amniotic membrane (AM)-derived matrix to alter the inflammatory response and establish conditions for improved regenerative repair. We explored two methods of AM matrix incorporation to address multiple concerns associated with tendon repair. Amniotic membrane-derived matrix was incorporated directly into the scaffold microstructure during fabrication to form a C/AM composite. Alternatively, decellularized amniotic matrix was wrapped around the traditional collagen-chondroitin sulfate (C/CS) scaffold to form a core-shell composite (C/CS plus AM wrap) in a manner similar to current collagen membrane wraps used in rotator cuff and Achilles tendon surgeries to improve the mechanical strength of the repair. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured within these materials were evaluated for metabolic health and immunomodulatory gene expression in response to inflammatory media challenge of interleukin 1 β and tumor necrosis factor α. The scaffolds were able to maintain MSC metabolic activity in all media conditions over the course of a 7 day culture. Expression of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated in AM containing scaffolds, suggesting the potential to employ AM-modified CG scaffolds for tendon-repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hortensius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jill H Ebens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marley J Dewey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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135
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Ning GZ, Song WY, Xu H, Zhu RS, Wu QL, Wu Y, Zhu SB, Li JQ, Wang M, Qu ZG, Feng SQ. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: Better choice of transplantation treatment for spinal cord injury: Treatment for SCI by LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:496-508. [PMID: 30294904 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation, especially treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), has been considered a promising therapy for the locomotor and neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. However, the clinical benefits of BMSCs transplantation remain limited because of the considerably low viability and inhibitory microenvironment. In our research, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which has been widely applied to clinical applications and fundamental research, was employed to improve the properties of BMSCs. The most suitable intensity of LIPUS stimulation was determined. Furthermore, the optimized BMSCs were transplanted into the epicenter of injured spinal cord in rats, which were randomized into four groups: (a) Sham group (n = 10), rats received laminectomy only and the spinal cord remained intact. (b) Injury group (n = 10), rats with contused spinal cord subjected to the microinjection of PBS solution. (c) BMSCs transplantation group (n = 10), rats with contused spinal cord were injected with BMSCs without any priming. (d) LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group (n = 10), BMSCs stimulated with LIPUS were injected at the injured epicenter after contusion. Rats were then subjected to behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, and histological observation. It was found that BMSCs stimulated with LIPUS obtained higher cell viability, migration, and neurotrophic factors expression in vitro. The rate of apoptosis remained constant. After transplantation of BMSCs and LIPUS-BMSCs postinjury, locomotor function was significantly improved in LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group with higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the epicenter, and the expression of neurotrophic receptor was also enhanced. Histological observation demonstrated reduced cavity formation in LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group when comparing with other groups. The results suggested LIPUS can improve BMSCs viability and neurotrophic factors expression in vitro, and transplantation of LIPUS-BMSCs could promote better functional recovery, indicating possible clinical application for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Ye Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Sen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Qing Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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136
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Schwann Cell Transplantation Subdues the Pro-Inflammatory Innate Immune Cell Response after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092550. [PMID: 30154346 PMCID: PMC6163303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of Schwann cells (SCs) has been shown to provide tissue preservation and support axon growth and remyelination as well as improve functional recovery across a diverse range of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) paradigms. The autologous use of SCs has progressed to Phase 1 SCI clinical trials in humans where their use has been shown to be both feasible and safe. The contribution of immune modulation to the protective and reparative actions of SCs within the injured spinal cord remains largely unknown. In the current investigation, the ability of SC transplants to alter the innate immune response after contusive SCI in the rat was examined. SCs were intraspinally transplanted into the lesion site at 1 week following a thoracic (T8) contusive SCI. Multicolor flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis of specific phenotypic markers of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia and macrophages as well as cytokines at 1 week after SC transplantation was employed. The introduction of SCs significantly attenuated the numbers of cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11b)+, cluster of differentiation molecule 68 (CD68)+, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)+ immune cells within the lesion implant site, particularly those immunoreactive for the pro-inflammatory marker, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Whereas numbers of anti-inflammatory CD68+ Arginase-1 (Arg1+) iNOS− cells were not altered by SC transplantation, CD68+ cells of an intermediate, Arg1+ iNOS+ phenotype were increased by the introduction of SCs into the injured spinal cord. The morphology of Iba1+ immune cells was also markedly altered in the SC implant, being elongated and in alignment with SCs and in-growing axons versus their amoeboid form after SCI alone. Examination of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), by multicolor flow cytometry analysis showed that their production in CD11b+ cells was unaltered by SC transplantation at 1 week post-transplantation. The ability of SCs to subdue the pro-inflammatory iNOS+ microglia and macrophage phenotype after intraspinal transplantation may provide an important contribution to the neuroprotective effects of SCs within the sub-acute SCI setting.
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137
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Liu W, Wang Y, Gong F, Rong Y, Luo Y, Tang P, Zhou Z, Zhou Z, Xu T, Jiang T, Yang S, Yin G, Chen J, Fan J, Cai W. Exosomes Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Repair Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury by Suppressing the Activation of A1 Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:469-484. [PMID: 29848167 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is now considered as an effective treatment strategy for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, several key issues remain unresolved, including low survival rates, cell dedifferentiation, and tumor formation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of transplanted stem cells is primarily paracrine mediated. Exosomes are an important paracrine factor that can be used as a direct therapeutic agent. However, there are few reports on the application of exosomes derived from bone MSCs (BMSCs-Exos) in treating SCI. In this study, we demonstrated that BMSCs-Exos possessed robust proangiogenic properties, attenuated neuronal cells apoptosis, suppressed glial scar formation, attenuated lesion size, suppressed inflammation, promoted axonal regeneration, and eventually improved functional behavioral recovery effects after traumatic SCI. Briefly, lesion size was decreased by nearly 60%, neuronal apoptosis was attenuated by nearly 70%, glial scar formation was reduced by nearly 75%, average blood vessel density was increased by nearly 60%, and axonal regeneration was increased by almost 80% at day 28 after SCI in the BMSC-Exos group compared to the control group. Using a series of in vitro functional assays, we also confirmed that treatment with BSMCs-Exos significantly enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic tubule formation, attenuated neuronal cells apoptosis, and suppressed nitric oxide release in microglia. Moreover, our study demonstrated that administration of BMSCs-Exos suppressed inflammation efficiently after traumatic SCI and suppressed activation of A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. In conclusion, our study suggested that the application of BMSCs-Exos may be a promising strategy for traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuluo Rong
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siting Yang
- 4 Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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138
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Oshigiri T, Sasaki T, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Nakazaki M, Oka S, Morita T, Hirota R, Yoshimoto M, Yamashita T, Hashimoto-Torii K, Honmou O. Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alters Motor Cortex Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:411-420. [PMID: 29901416 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that remote responses in the brain, as well as local responses in the injured spinal cord, can be induced after spinal cord injury (SCI). Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to provide functional improvements in SCI through local therapeutic mechanisms that provide neuroprotection, stabilization of the blood-spinal cord barrier, remyelination, and axonal sprouting. In the present study, we examined the brain response that might be associated with the functional improvements induced by the infused MSCs after SCI. Genome-wide RNA profiling was performed in the motor cortex of SCI rats at 3 days post-MSC or vehicle infusion. Then, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data revealed that the "behaviorally-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)" were identified by the Pearson's correlation analysis with the behavioral function, suggesting that the "behaviorally-associated DEGs" may be related to the functional recovery after systemic infusion of MSCs in SCI. These results suggested that the infused MSCs alter the gene expression signature in the brain and that these expression changes may contribute to the improved function in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Oshigiri
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Sasaki
- 3 Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakazaki
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hirota
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshimoto
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- 3 Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.,4 Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC.,5 Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Osamu Honmou
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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139
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De Berdt P, Bottemanne P, Bianco J, Alhouayek M, Diogenes A, Lloyd A, Llyod A, Gerardo-Nava J, Brook GA, Miron V, Muccioli GG, Rieux AD. Stem cells from human apical papilla decrease neuro-inflammation and stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation via activin-A secretion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2843-2856. [PMID: 29417177 PMCID: PMC11105403 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary damage following spinal cord injury leads to non-reversible lesions and hampering of the reparative process. The local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α can exacerbate these events. Oligodendrocyte death also occurs, followed by progressive demyelination leading to significant tissue degeneration. Dental stem cells from human apical papilla (SCAP) can be easily obtained at the removal of an adult immature tooth. This offers a minimally invasive approach to re-use this tissue as a source of stem cells, as compared to biopsying neural tissue from a patient with a spinal cord injury. We assessed the potential of SCAP to exert neuroprotective effects by investigating two possible modes of action: modulation of neuro-inflammation and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation. SCAP were co-cultured with LPS-activated microglia, LPS-activated rat spinal cord organotypic sections (SCOS), and LPS-activated co-cultures of SCOS and spinal cord adult OPC. We showed for the first time that SCAP can induce a reduction of TNF-α expression and secretion in inflamed spinal cord tissues and can stimulate OPC differentiation via activin-A secretion. This work underlines the potential therapeutic benefits of SCAP for spinal cord injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bottemanne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Bianco
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Amy Llyod
- MRC Center for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jose Gerardo-Nava
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary A Brook
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Véronique Miron
- MRC Center for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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140
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Concentrated Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigates Visual Deficits and Retinal Inflammation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072016. [PMID: 29997321 PMCID: PMC6073664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast concussions are a common injury sustained in military combat today. Inflammation due to microglial polarization can drive the development of visual defects following blast injuries. In this study, we assessed whether anti-inflammatory factors released by the mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (adipose stem cells, ASC) can limit retinal tissue damage and improve visual function in a mouse model of visual deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. We show that intravitreal injection of 1 μL of ASC concentrated conditioned medium from cells pre-stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (ASC-CCM) mitigates loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity four weeks post blast injury. Moreover, blast mice showed increased retinal expression of genes associated with microglial activation and inflammation by molecular analyses, retinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, and increased loss of ganglion cells. Interestingly, blast mice that received ASC-CCM improved in all parameters above. In vitro, ASC-CCM not only suppressed microglial activation but also protected against Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) induced endothelial permeability as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrate TSG-6 is highly expressed in ASC-CCM from cells pre-stimulated with TNFα and IFNγ but not from unstimulated cells. Our findings suggest that ASC-CCM mitigates visual deficits of the blast injury through their anti-inflammatory properties on activated pro-inflammatory microglia and endothelial cells. A regenerative therapy for immediate delivery at the time of injury may provide a practical and cost-effective solution against the traumatic effects of blast injuries to the retina.
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141
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Maldonado-Lasunción I, Verhaagen J, Oudega M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Macrophage Choreography Supporting Spinal Cord Repair. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:578-587. [PMID: 29728851 PMCID: PMC6095786 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in destructive events that lead to tissue loss and functional impairments. A hallmark of spinal cord injury is the robust and persistent presence of inflammatory macrophages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to benefit repair of the damaged spinal cord often associated with improved functional recovery. Transplanted MSCs immediately encounter the abundance of inflammatory macrophages in the injury site. It is known that MSCs interact closely and reciprocally with macrophages during tissue healing. Here, we will review the roles of (transplanted) MSCs and macrophages in spinal cord injury and repair. Molecular interactions between MSCs and macrophages and the deficiencies in our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms will be reviewed. We will discuss possible ways to benefit from the MSC-macrophage choreography for developing repair strategies for the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maldonado-Lasunción
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Oudega
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33155, USA.
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Takahashi A, Nakajima H, Uchida K, Takeura N, Honjoh K, Watanabe S, Kitade M, Kokubo Y, Johnson WEB, Matsumine A. Comparison of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Murine Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1126-1139. [PMID: 29947256 PMCID: PMC6158550 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718780309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord has shown consistent benefits in preclinical models. However, the low survival rate of grafted MSC is one of the most important problems. In the injured spinal cord, transplanted cells are exposed to hypoxic conditions and exposed to nutritional deficiency caused by poor vascular supply. Also, the transplanted MSCs face cytotoxic stressors that cause cell death. The aim of this study was to compare adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) isolated from individual C57BL6/J mice in relation to: (i) cellular characteristics, (ii) tolerance to hypoxia, oxidative stress and serum-free conditions, and (iii) cellular survival rates after transplantation. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs exhibited a similar cell surface marker profile, but expressed different levels of growth factors and cytokines. To research their relative stress tolerance, both types of stromal cells were incubated at 20.5% O2 or 1.0% O2 for 7 days. Results showed that AD-MSCs were more proliferative with greater culture viability under these hypoxic conditions than BM-MSCs. The MSCs were also incubated under H2O2-induced oxidative stress and in serum-free culture medium to induce stress. AD-MSCs were better able to tolerate these stress conditions than BM-MSCs; similarly when transplanted into the spinal cord injury region in vivo, AD-MSCs demonstrated a higher survival rate post transplantation Furthermore, this increased AD-MSC survival post transplantation was associated with preservation of axons and enhanced vascularization, as delineated by increases in anti-gamma isotype of protein kinase C and CD31 immunoreactivity, compared with the BM-MSC transplanted group. Hence, our results indicate that AD-MSCs are an attractive alternative to BM-MSCs for the treatment of severe spinal cord injury. However, it should be noted that the motor function was equally improved following moderate spinal cord injury in both groups, but with no significant improvement seen unfortunately following severe spinal cord injury in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takahashi
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenzo Uchida
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Naoto Takeura
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuya Honjoh
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shuji Watanabe
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Kitade
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokubo
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - William E B Johnson
- 2 Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Parkgate Road, Chester, UK
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
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143
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Riemann L, Younsi A, Scherer M, Zheng G, Skutella T, Unterberg AW, Zweckberger K. Transplantation of Neural Precursor Cells Attenuates Chronic Immune Environment in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2018; 9:428. [PMID: 29951030 PMCID: PMC6008566 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is non-resolving and thus still present in chronic injury stages. It plays a key role in the pathophysiology of SCI and has been associated with further neurodegeneration and development of neuropathic pain. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) have been shown to reduce the acute and sub-acute inflammatory response after SCI. In the present study, we examined effects of NPC transplantation on the immune environment in chronic stages of SCI. SCI was induced in rats by clip-compression of the cervical spinal cord at the level C6-C7. NPCs were transplanted 10 days post-injury. The functional outcome was assessed weekly for 8 weeks using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale, the CatWalk system, and the grid walk test. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed, and spinal cord sections were examined for M1/M2 macrophages, T lymphocytes, astrogliosis, and apoptosis using immunofluorescence staining. Rats treated with NPCs had compared to the control group significantly fewer pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and reduced immunodensity for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), their marker enzyme. Anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages were rarely present 8 weeks after the SCI. In this model, the sub-acute transplantation of NPCs did not support survival and proliferation of M2 macrophages. Post-traumatic apoptosis, however, was significantly reduced in the NPC group, which might be explained by the altered microenvironment following NPC transplantation. Corresponding to these findings, reactive astrogliosis was significantly reduced in NPC-transplanted animals. Furthermore, we could observe a trend toward smaller cavity sizes and functional improvement following NPC transplantation. Our data suggest that transplantation of NPCs following SCI might attenuate inflammation even in chronic injury stages. This might prevent further neurodegeneration and could also set a stage for improved neuroregeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Riemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Younsi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Scherer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoli Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas W Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Zweckberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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144
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The Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Is Dose-Dependent and Can Be Facilitated by Repeated Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051503. [PMID: 29772841 PMCID: PMC5983761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) were used for the treatment of the ischemic-compression model of spinal cord injury in rats. To assess the effectivity of the treatment, different dosages (0.5 or 1.5 million cells) and repeated applications were compared. Cells or saline were applied intrathecally by lumbar puncture for one week only, or in three consecutive weeks after injury. Rats were assessed for locomotor skills (BBB, rotarod, flat beam) for 9 weeks. Spinal cord tissue was morphometrically analyzed for axonal sprouting, sparing of gray and white matter and astrogliosis. Endogenous gene expression (Gfap, Casp3, Irf5, Cd86, Mrc1, Cd163) was studied with quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR). Significant recovery of functional outcome was observed in all of the treated groups except for the single application of the lowest number of cells. Histochemical analyses revealed a gradually increasing effect of grafted cells, resulting in a significant increase in the number of GAP43+ fibers, a higher amount of spared gray matter and reduced astrogliosis. mRNA expression of macrophage markers and apoptosis was downregulated after the repeated application of 1.5 million cells. We conclude that the effect of hWJ-MSCs on spinal cord regeneration is dose-dependent and potentiated by repeated application.
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Yang C, Wang G, Ma F, Yu B, Chen F, Yang J, Feng J, Wang Q. Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:136. [PMID: 29751769 PMCID: PMC5948759 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are sustained by an increasing number of patients each year worldwide. The treatment of SCIs has long been a hard nut to crack for doctors around the world. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown benefits for the repair of SCI and recovery of function. Our present study aims to investigate the effects of intravenously infused human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) on functional recovery after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments. In addition, we compared the effects of single infusion and repeated intravenous (i.v.) injections on the recovery of spinal cord function. Methods A total of 43 adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control, single injection (SI), repeated injection at a 3-day (3RI) or repeated injection at a 7-day interval (7RI) groups. Non-immunosuppressed rabbits in the transplantation groups were infused with either a single complete dose or three divided doses of 2 × 106 hUCB-MSCs (3-day or 7-day intervals) on the first day post decompression. Behavioural scores and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to evaluate hindlimb functional recovery. The survival and differentiation of the transplanted human cells and the activation of the host glial and inflammatory reaction in the injured spinal cord were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results Our results showed that hUCB-MSCs survived, proliferated, and primarily differentiated into oligodendrocytes in the injured area. Treatment with hUCB-MSCs reduced the extent of astrocytic activation, increased axonal preservation, potentially promoted axonal regeneration, decreased the number of Iba-1+ and TUNEL+ cells, increased the amplitude and decreased the onset latency of SEPs and significantly promoted functional improvement. However, these effects were more pronounced in the 3RI group compared with the SI and 7RI groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that treatment with i.v. injected hUCB-MSCs after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments can promote functional recovery through the differentiation of hUCB-MSCs into specific cell types and the enhancement of anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, anti-apoptotic and axonal preservation effects. Furthermore, the recovery was more pronounced in the rabbits repeatedly injected with cells at 3-day intervals. The results of this study may provide a novel and useful treatment strategy for the transplantation treatment of SCI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoju Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Fancheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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146
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Muniswami DM, Kanthakumar P, Kanakasabapathy I, Tharion G. Motor Recovery after Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rat Models of Spinal Cord Injury. Ann Neurosci 2018; 25:126-140. [PMID: 30814821 DOI: 10.1159/000487069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal tissue has a limited potential to self-renew or get repaired after damage. Cell therapies using stem cells are promising approaches for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. However, the clinical use of embryonic stem cells is limited by ethical concerns and other scientific consequences. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) could represent an alternative source of stem cells for replacement therapy. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated that MSCs can give rise to neuronal cells as well as many tissue-specific cell phenotypes. Purpose Motor recovery by transplantation of bone marrow MSCs in rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Bone marrow was collected from the femur of albino Wistar rats. MSCs were separated using the Ficoll-Paque density gradient method and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. Cultured MSC was characterized by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and neuronal-induced cells were further characterized for neural markers. Cultured MSCs were transplanted into the experimentally injured spinal cord of Wistar rats. Control (injured, but without cell transplantation) and transplanted rats were followed up to 8 weeks, analyzed using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale and electromyography (EMG) for behavioral and physiological status of the injured spinal cord. Finally, the tissue was evaluated histologically. Results Rat MSCs expressed positivity for a panel of MSC markers CD29, CD54, CD90, CD73, and CD105, and negativity for hematopoietic markers CD34, CD14, and CD45. In vitro neuronal transdifferentiated MSCs express positivity for β III tubulin, MAP2, NF, NeuN, Nav1.1, oligodendrocyte (O4), and negativity for glial fibrillary acid protein. All the treated groups show promising hind-limb motor recovery BBB score, except the control group. There was increased EMG amplitude in treated groups as compared to the control group. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled MSC survived and differentiated into neurons in the injured spinal cord, which is responsible for functional recovery. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that BM-MSC has the potential to repair the injured cord in rat models of SCI. Thus, BM-MSC appears to be a promising candidate for cell-based therapy in CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durai Murugan Muniswami
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - George Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Song WJ, Li Q, Ryu MO, Ahn JO, Bhang DH, Jung YC, Youn HY. TSG-6 released from intraperitoneally injected canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease by inducing M2 macrophage switch in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:91. [PMID: 29625582 PMCID: PMC5889600 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disorder that markedly deteriorates one's quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and have been suggested as a promising alternative for IBD treatment in human and veterinary cases. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) is a key factor influencing MSC immunomodulatory properties; however, the precise mechanism of TSG-6 release from canine MSCs in IBD remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of canine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSC-produced TSG-6 in an IBD mouse model and to explore the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties. METHODS Mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis were administered cAT-MSCs intraperitoneally; colon tissues were collected on day 10 for histopathological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS cAT-MSC-secreted TSG-6 ameliorated IBD and regulated colonic expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10. To investigate the effect of cAT-MSC-secreted TSG-6 on activated macrophages in vitro, a transwell coculture system was used; TSG-6 released by cAT-MSCs induced a macrophage phenotypic switch from M1 to M2. The cAT-MSC-secreted TSG-6 increased M2 macrophages in the inflamed colon in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TSG-6 released from cAT-MSCs can alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inducing a macrophage phenotypic switch to M2 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ok Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- KPC Corporation, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, 12773, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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148
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Andreeva ER, Buravkova LB. The Role of Interplay of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Macrophages in Physiological and Reparative Tissue Remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119718010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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149
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Hidalgo-Garcia L, Galvez J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Anderson PO. Can a Conversation Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Macrophages Solve the Crisis in the Inflamed Intestine? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:179. [PMID: 29559912 PMCID: PMC5845680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an exacerbated mucosal immune response. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the maintenance of gut homeostasis but they are also implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. They are highly plastic cells and their activation state depends on the local environment. In the healthy intestine, resident macrophages display an M2 phenotype characterized by inflammatory energy, while inflammatory M1 macrophages dominate in the inflamed intestinal mucosa. In this regard, modifying the balance of macrophage populations into an M2 phenotype has emerged as a new therapeutic approach in IBD. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising cell-therapy for the treatment of IBD, considering their immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative potential. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that MSCs can induce immunomodulatory macrophages and have demonstrated that their therapeutic efficacy in experimental colitis is mediated by macrophages with an M2-like phenotype. However, some issues have not been clarified yet, including the importance of MSC homing to the inflamed colon and/or lymphoid organs, their optimal route of administration or whether they are effective as living or dead cells. In contrast, the mechanisms behind the effect of MSCs in human IBD are not known and more data are needed regarding the effect of MSCs on macrophage polarization that would support the observation reported in the experimental models. Nevertheless, MSCs have emerged as a novel method to treat IBD that has already been proven safe and with clinical benefits that could be administered in combination with the currently used pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hidalgo-Garcia
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), CIBER-EHD, ibs.Granada, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), CIBER-EHD, ibs.Granada, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), CIBER-EHD, ibs.Granada, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Per O Anderson
- Stromal Cells and Immunology Group, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government Centre of Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
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150
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Ude CC, Miskon A, Idrus RBH, Abu Bakar MB. Application of stem cells in tissue engineering for defense medicine. Mil Med Res 2018; 5:7. [PMID: 29502528 PMCID: PMC6389246 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of modern warfare, including threats and injuries faced by soldiers, necessitates the development of countermeasures that address a wide variety of injuries. Tissue engineering has emerged as a field with the potential to provide contemporary solutions. In this review, discussions focus on the applications of stem cells in tissue engineering to address health risks frequently faced by combatants at war. Human development depends intimately on stem cells, the mysterious precursor to every kind of cell in the body that, with proper instruction, can grow and differentiate into any new tissue or organ. Recent reports have suggested the greater therapeutic effects of the anti-inflammatory, trophic, paracrine and immune-modulatory functions associated with these cells, which induce them to restore normal healing and tissue regeneration by modulating immune reactions, regulating inflammation, and suppressing fibrosis. Therefore, the use of stem cells holds significant promise for the treatment of many battlefield injuries and their complications. These applications include the treatment of injuries to the skin, sensory organs, nervous system tissues, the musculoskeletal system, circulatory/pulmonary tissues and genitals/testicles and of acute radiation syndrome and the development of novel biosensors. The new research developments in these areas suggest that solutions are being developed to reduce critical consequences of wounds and exposures suffered in warfare. Current military applications of stem cell-based therapies are already saving the lives of soldiers who would have died in previous conflicts. Injuries that would have resulted in deaths previously now result in wounds today; similarly, today's permanent wounds may be reduced to tomorrow's bad memories with further advances in stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Cletus Ude
- Bio-artifical Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Bio-artifical Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Pre-clinical Block, National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Bin Abu Bakar
- Bio-artifical Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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