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Kunst S, Wolloscheck T, Kelleher DK, Wolfrum U, Sargsyan SA, Iuvone PM, Baba K, Tosini G, Spessert R. Pgc-1α and Nr4a1 Are Target Genes of Circadian Melatonin and Dopamine Release in Murine Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6084-94. [PMID: 26393668 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The neurohormones melatonin and dopamine mediate clock-dependent/circadian regulation of inner retinal neurons and photoreceptor cells and in this way promote their functional adaptation to time of day and their survival. To fulfill this function they act on melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1 receptors) and dopamine D4 receptors (D4 receptors), respectively. The aim of the present study was to screen transcriptional regulators important for retinal physiology and/or pathology (Dbp, Egr-1, Fos, Nr1d1, Nr2e3, Nr4a1, Pgc-1α, Rorβ) for circadian regulation and dependence on melatonin signaling/MT1 receptors or dopamine signaling/D4 receptors. METHODS This was done by gene profiling using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mice deficient in MT1 or D4 receptors. RESULTS The data obtained determined Pgc-1α and Nr4a1 as transcriptional targets of circadian melatonin and dopamine signaling, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Pgc-1α and Nr4a1 represent candidate genes for linking circadian neurohormone release with functional adaptation and healthiness of retina and photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kunst
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany 2Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Wolloscheck
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Debra K Kelleher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Anna Sargsyan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rainer Spessert
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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102
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Direct link between metabolic regulation and the heat-shock response through the transcriptional regulator PGC-1α. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5669-78. [PMID: 26438876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516219112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years an extensive effort has been made to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in metabolic signaling in health and disease. Here we show, surprisingly, that metabolic regulation and the heat-shock/stress response are directly linked. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a critical transcriptional coactivator of metabolic genes, acts as a direct transcriptional repressor of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), a key regulator of the heat-shock/stress response. Our findings reveal that heat-shock protein (HSP) gene expression is suppressed during fasting in mouse liver and in primary hepatocytes dependent on PGC-1α. HSF1 and PGC-1α associate physically and are colocalized on several HSP promoters. These observations are extended to several cancer cell lines in which PGC-1α is shown to repress the ability of HSF1 to activate gene-expression programs necessary for cancer survival. Our study reveals a surprising direct link between two major cellular transcriptional networks, highlighting a previously unrecognized facet of the activity of the central metabolic regulator PGC-1α beyond its well-established ability to boost metabolic genes via its interactions with nuclear hormone receptors and nuclear respiratory factors. Our data point to PGC-1α as a critical repressor of HSF1-mediated transcriptional programs, a finding with possible implications both for our understanding of the full scope of metabolically regulated target genes in vivo and, conceivably, for therapeutics.
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103
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Chen S, Qian J, Shi X, Gao T, Liang T, Liu C. Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis by the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 28:1987-98. [PMID: 25333514 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein is involved in major biological processes including energy metabolism, although its role remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that hepatic PLZF expression was induced in fasted or diabetic mice. PLZF promoted gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output, leading to hyperglycemia. In contrast, hepatic PLZF knockdown improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Mechanistically, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and the glucocorticoid receptor synergistically activated PLZF expression. We conclude that PLZF is a critical regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis. PLZF manipulation may benefit the treatment of metabolic diseases associated with gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences (S.C., J.Q., X.S., T.G., T.L., C.L.), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (C.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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104
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Oropeza D, Jouvet N, Bouyakdan K, Perron G, Ringuette LJ, Philipson LH, Kiss RS, Poitout V, Alquier T, Estall JL. PGC-1 coactivators in β-cells regulate lipid metabolism and are essential for insulin secretion coupled to fatty acids. Mol Metab 2015; 4:811-22. [PMID: 26629405 PMCID: PMC4632114 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PPARGCA1, PGC-1) transcriptional coactivators control gene programs important for nutrient metabolism. Islets of type 2 diabetic subjects have reduced PGC-1α expression and this is associated with decreased insulin secretion, yet little is known about why this occurs or what role it plays in the development of diabetes. Our goal was to delineate the role and importance of PGC-1 proteins to β-cell function and energy homeostasis. Methods We investigated how nutrient signals regulate coactivator expression in islets and the metabolic consequences of reduced PGC-1α and PGC-1β in primary and cultured β-cells. Mice with inducible β-cell specific double knockout of Pgc-1α/Pgc-1β (βPgc-1 KO) were created to determine the physiological impact of reduced Pgc1 expression on glucose homeostasis. Results Pgc-1α and Pgc-1β expression was increased in primary mouse and human islets by acute glucose and palmitate exposure. Surprisingly, PGC-1 proteins were dispensable for the maintenance of mitochondrial mass, gene expression, and oxygen consumption in response to glucose in adult β-cells. However, islets and mice with an inducible, β-cell-specific PGC-1 knockout had decreased insulin secretion due in large part to loss of the potentiating effect of fatty acids. Consistent with an essential role for PGC-1 in lipid metabolism, β-cells with reduced PGC-1s accumulated acyl-glycerols and PGC-1s controlled expression of key enzymes in lipolysis and the glycerolipid/free fatty acid cycle. Conclusions These data highlight the importance of PGC-1s in coupling β-cell lipid metabolism to promote efficient insulin secretion. Loss of Pgc-1s in adult β-cells decreases insulin secretion in response to glucose/palmitate. Pgc-1α/β is not required to maintain basal mitochondrial mass or oxidative capacity in mature β-cells. Pgc-1α/β regulates expression of the lipolytic enzymes HSL and ATGL in β-cells. Reduced β-cell Pgc-1 causes accumulation of intracellular acyl-glycerols and cholesterol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oropeza
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), 110 Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jouvet
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), 110 Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada ; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khalil Bouyakdan
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Perron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert S Kiss
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), 110 Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada ; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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105
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Saneyasu T, Kimura S, Inui M, Yoshimoto Y, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Differences in the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis between broiler and layer chicks during food deprivation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 186:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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106
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Parham KA, Zebol JR, Tooley KL, Sun WY, Moldenhauer LM, Cockshell MP, Gliddon BL, Moretti PA, Tigyi G, Pitson SM, Bonder CS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ that regulates neoangiogenesis. FASEB J 2015; 29:3638-53. [PMID: 25985799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that can function both extracellularly and intracellularly to mediate a variety of cellular processes. Using lipid affinity matrices and a radiolabeled lipid binding assay, we reveal that S1P directly interacts with the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Herein, we show that S1P treatment of human endothelial cells (ECs) activated a luciferase-tagged PPARγ-specific gene reporter by ∼12-fold, independent of the S1P receptors. More specifically, in silico docking, gene reporter, and binding assays revealed that His323 of the PPARγ ligand binding domain is important for binding to S1P. PPARγ functions when associated with coregulatory proteins, and herein we identify that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1 (PGC1)β binds to PPARγ in ECs and their progenitors (nonadherent endothelial forming cells) and that the formation of this PPARγ:PGC1β complex is increased in response to S1P. ECs treated with S1P selectively regulated known PPARγ target genes with PGC1β and plasminogen-activated inhibitor-1 being increased, no change to adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 and suppression of CD36. S1P-induced in vitro tube formation was significantly attenuated in the presence of the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, and in vivo application of GW9662 also reduced vascular development in Matrigel plugs. Interestingly, activation of PPARγ by the synthetic ligand troglitazone also reduced tube formation in vitro and in vivo. To support this, Sphk1(-/-)Sphk2(+/-) mice, with low circulating S1P levels, demonstrated a similar reduction in vascular development. Taken together, our data reveal that the transcription factor, PPARγ, is a bona fide intracellular target for S1P and thus suggest that the S1P:PPARγ:PGC1β complex may be a useful target to manipulate neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Parham
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia R Zebol
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katie L Tooley
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wai Y Sun
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michaelia P Cockshell
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul A Moretti
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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107
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Oocyte aging underlies female reproductive aging: biological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Reprod Med Biol 2015; 14:159-169. [PMID: 29259413 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-015-0209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, postponement of marriage and childbearing in women of reproductive age has led to an increase in the incidence of age-related infertility. The reproductive aging process in women is assumed to occur due to a decrease in both the quantity and quality of the oocytes, with the ultimate result being a decline in fecundity. This age-related decline in fecundity is strongly dependent on oocyte quality, which is critical for fertilization and subsequent embryo development. Aged oocytes display increased chromosomal abnormality and dysfunction of cellular organelles, both of which factor into oocyte quality. In particular, mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested as a major contributor to the reduction in oocyte quality as well as to chromosomal abnormalities in aged oocytes and embryos. Participation of oxidative stress in the oocyte aging process has been proposed because oxidative stress has the capacity to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and directly damage many intracellular components of the oocytes such as lipids, protein, and DNA. In an attempt to improve mitochondrial function in aged oocytes, several therapeutic strategies have been investigated using both animal models and assisted reproductive technology. Here, we review the biological mechanisms and present status of therapeutic strategies in the female reproductive aging field and indicate possible future therapeutic strategies.
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108
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Giblin L, Darimont C, Leone P, McNamara LB, Blancher F, Berry D, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Lawlor PG. Offspring subcutaneous adipose markers are sensitive to the timing of maternal gestational weight gain. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:16. [PMID: 25879645 PMCID: PMC4363193 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy impacts on offspring health. This study focused on the timing of maternal gestational weight gain, using a porcine model with mothers of normal pre-pregnancy weight. METHODS Trial design ensured the trajectory of maternal gestational weight gain differed across treatments in early, mid and late gestation. Diet composition did not differ. On day 25 gestation, sows were assigned to one of five treatments: Control sows received a standard gestation diet of 2.3 kg/day (30 MJ DE/day) from early to late gestation (day 25-110 gestation). E sows received 4.6 kg food/day in early gestation (day 25-50 gestation). M sows doubled their food intake in mid gestation (day 50-80 gestation). EM sows doubled their food intake during both early and mid gestation (day 25-80 gestation). L sows consumed 3.5 kg food/day in late gestation (day 80-110 gestation). Offspring body weight and food intake levels were measured from birth to adolescence. Markers of lipid metabolism, hypertrophy and inflammation were investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of adolescent offspring. RESULTS The trajectory of gestational weight gain differed across treatments. However total gestational weight gain did not differ except for EM sows who were the heaviest and fattest mothers at parturition. Offspring birth weight did not differ across treatments. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from EM offspring differed significantly from controls, with elevated mRNA levels of lipogenic (CD36, ACACB and LPL), nutrient transporters (FABP4 and GLUT4), lipolysis (HSL and ATGL), adipocyte size (MEST) and inflammation (PAI-1) indicators. The subcutaneous adipose depot from L offspring exhibited elevated levels of CD36, ACACB, LPL, GLUT4 and FABP4 mRNA transcripts compared to control offspring. CONCLUSIONS Increasing gestational weight gain in early gestation had the greatest impact on offspring postnatal growth rate. Increasing maternal food allowance in late gestation appeared to shift the offspring adipocyte focus towards accumulation of fat. Mothers who gained the most weight during gestation (EM mothers) gave birth to offspring whose subcutaneous adipose tissue, at adolescence, appeared hyperactive compared to controls. This study concluded that mothers, who gained more than the recommended weight gain in mid and late gestation, put their offspring adipose tissue at risk of dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.Cork, Ireland.
| | - Christian Darimont
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nutrition & Health Research Department, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Leone
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nutrition & Health Research Department, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Louise B McNamara
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.Cork, Ireland.
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Florence Blancher
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nutrition & Health Research Department, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Donagh Berry
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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109
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Kunst S, Wolloscheck T, Grether M, Trunsch P, Wolfrum U, Spessert R. Photoreceptor cells display a daily rhythm in the orphan receptor Esrrβ. Mol Vis 2015; 21:173-84. [PMID: 25737630 PMCID: PMC4337357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear orphan receptors are critical for the development and long-term survival of photoreceptor cells. In the present study, the expression of the nuclear orphan receptor Esrrβ--a transcriptional regulator of energy metabolism that protects rod photoreceptors from dystrophy--was tested under daily regulation in the retina and photoreceptor cells. METHODS The daily transcript and protein amount profiles were recorded in preparations of the whole retina and microdissected photoreceptor cells using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis. RESULTS Esrrβ displayed a daily rhythm with elevated values at night in the whole retina and enriched photoreceptor cells. Daily regulation of Esrrβ mRNA depended on light input but not on melatonin, and evoked a corresponding rhythm in the Esrrβ protein. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this study indicate that daily regulation of Esrrβ in photoreceptor cells may contribute to their adaptation to 24-h changes in metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kunst
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Wolloscheck
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Grether
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Trunsch
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Spessert
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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110
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Fujita H, Yagishita N, Aratani S, Saito-Fujita T, Morota S, Yamano Y, Hansson MJ, Inazu M, Kokuba H, Sudo K, Sato E, Kawahara KI, Nakajima F, Hasegawa D, Higuchi I, Sato T, Araya N, Usui C, Nishioka K, Nakatani Y, Maruyama I, Usui M, Hara N, Uchino H, Elmer E, Nishioka K, Nakajima T. The E3 ligase synoviolin controls body weight and mitochondrial biogenesis through negative regulation of PGC-1β. EMBO J 2015; 34:1042-55. [PMID: 25698262 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health problem, and understanding its pathogenesis is critical for identifying a cure. In this study, a gene knockout strategy was used in post-neonatal mice to delete synoviolin (Syvn)1/Hrd1/Der3, an ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase with known roles in homeostasis maintenance. Syvn1 deficiency resulted in weight loss and lower accumulation of white adipose tissue in otherwise wild-type animals as well as in genetically obese (ob/ob and db/db) and adipose tissue-specific knockout mice as compared to control animals. SYVN1 interacted with and ubiquitinated the thermogenic coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1β, and Syvn1 mutants showed upregulation of PGC-1β target genes and increase in mitochondrion number, respiration, and basal energy expenditure in adipose tissue relative to control animals. Moreover, the selective SYVN1 inhibitor LS-102 abolished the negative regulation of PGC-1β by SYVN1 and prevented weight gain in mice. Thus, SYVN1 is a novel post-translational regulator of PGC-1β and a potential therapeutic target in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Fujita
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Aratani
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito-Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Morota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Magnus J Hansson
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kokuba
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Medical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichi Kawahara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Asahi-ku, 11Neurology and Geriatrics, Japan
| | - Fukami Nakajima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuro Higuchi
- Neurology and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Araya
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Usui
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Nakatani
- Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Usui
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eskil Elmer
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kusuki Nishioka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakajima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan Medical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Asahi-ku, 11Neurology and Geriatrics, Japan integrated Gene Editing Section (iGES), Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Bayside Misato Medical Center, Niida, Kōchi, Japan
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111
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Kardassis D, Gafencu A, Zannis VI, Davalos A. Regulation of HDL genes: transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:113-179. [PMID: 25522987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HDL regulation is exerted at multiple levels including regulation at the level of transcription initiation by transcription factors and signal transduction cascades; regulation at the posttranscriptional level by microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs which bind to the coding or noncoding regions of HDL genes regulating mRNA stability and translation; as well as regulation at the posttranslational level by protein modifications, intracellular trafficking, and degradation. The above mechanisms have drastic effects on several HDL-mediated processes including HDL biogenesis, remodeling, cholesterol efflux and uptake, as well as atheroprotective functions on the cells of the arterial wall. The emphasis is on mechanisms that operate in physiologically relevant tissues such as the liver (which accounts for 80% of the total HDL-C levels in the plasma), the macrophages, the adrenals, and the endothelium. Transcription factors that have a significant impact on HDL regulation such as hormone nuclear receptors and hepatocyte nuclear factors are extensively discussed both in terms of gene promoter recognition and regulation but also in terms of their impact on plasma HDL levels as was revealed by knockout studies. Understanding the different modes of regulation of this complex lipoprotein may provide useful insights for the development of novel HDL-raising therapies that could be used to fight against atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece,
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112
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Moazzami AA, Frank S, Gombert A, Sus N, Bayram B, Rimbach G, Frank J. Non-targeted1H-NMR-metabolomics suggest the induction of master regulators of energy metabolism in the liver of vitamin E-deficient rats. Food Funct 2015; 6:1090-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a vitamin E-deficient diet for 6 months may alter hepatic energy metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Sonja Frank
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Antonin Gombert
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition
- University of Hohenheim
- D-70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Banu Bayram
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition
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113
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Wright MB, Bortolini M, Tadayyon M, Bopst M. Minireview: Challenges and opportunities in development of PPAR agonists. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1756-68. [PMID: 25148456 PMCID: PMC5414793 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical impact of the fibrate and thiazolidinedione drugs on dyslipidemia and diabetes is driven mainly through activation of two transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ. However, substantial differences exist in the therapeutic and side-effect profiles of specific drugs. This has been attributed primarily to the complexity of drug-target complexes that involve many coregulatory proteins in the context of specific target gene promoters. Recent data have revealed that some PPAR ligands interact with other non-PPAR targets. Here we review concepts used to develop new agents that preferentially modulate transcriptional complex assembly, target more than one PPAR receptor simultaneously, or act as partial agonists. We highlight newly described on-target mechanisms of PPAR regulation including phosphorylation and nongenomic regulation. We briefly describe the recently discovered non-PPAR protein targets of thiazolidinediones, mitoNEET, and mTOT. Finally, we summarize the contributions of on- and off-target actions to select therapeutic and side effects of PPAR ligands including insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular actions, inflammation, and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Wright
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Pharmaceuticals (M.B.W., M.Bor., M.Bop.), CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; and MediTech Media (M.T.), London EC1V 9AZ, United Kingdom
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114
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Bhalla K, Liu WJ, Thompson K, Anders L, Devarakonda S, Dewi R, Buckley S, Hwang BJ, Polster B, Dorsey SG, Sun Y, Sicinski P, Girnun GD. Cyclin D1 represses gluconeogenesis via inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator PGC1α. Diabetes 2014; 63:3266-78. [PMID: 24947365 PMCID: PMC4392904 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial to maintain normal blood glucose during periods of nutrient deprivation. Gluconeogenesis is controlled at multiple levels by a variety of signal transduction and transcriptional pathways. However, dysregulation of these pathways leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. While the effects of various signaling pathways on gluconeogenesis are well established, the downstream signaling events repressing gluconeogenic gene expression are not as well understood. The cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 is expressed in the liver, despite the liver being a quiescent tissue. The most well-studied function of cyclin D1 is activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), promoting progression of the cell cycle. We show here a novel role for cyclin D1 as a regulator of gluconeogenic and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) gene expression. In mice, fasting decreases liver cyclin D1 expression, while refeeding induces cyclin D1 expression. Inhibition of CDK4 enhances the gluconeogenic gene expression, whereas cyclin D1-mediated activation of CDK4 represses the gluconeogenic gene-expression program in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we show that cyclin D1 represses gluconeogenesis and OxPhos in part via inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) activity in a CDK4-dependent manner. Indeed, we demonstrate that PGC1α is novel cyclin D1/CDK4 substrate. These studies reveal a novel role for cyclin D1 on metabolism via PGC1α and reveal a potential link between cell-cycle regulation and metabolic control of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhalla
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wan-Ju Liu
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keyata Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Ruby Dewi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephanie Buckley
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bor-Jang Hwang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan G Dorsey
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yezhou Sun
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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115
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Cao PJ, Jin YJ, Li ME, Zhou R, Yang MZ. PGC-1α may associated with the anti-obesity effect of taurine on rats induced by arcuate nucleus lesion. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 19:86-93. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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116
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Ye D, Wang Y, Li H, Jia W, Man K, Lo CM, Wang Y, Lam KSL, Xu A. Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by potentiating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator protein-1α-mediated antioxidant capacity in mice. Hepatology 2014; 60:977-89. [PMID: 24590984 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure worldwide, but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatocyte-secreted hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological role of FGF21 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. In response to APAP overdose, both hepatic expression and circulating levels of FGF21 in mice were dramatically increased as early as 3 hours, prior to elevations of the liver injury markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). APAP overdose-induced liver damage and mortality in FGF21 knockout (KO) mice were markedly aggravated, which was accompanied by increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant capacities as compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. By contrast, replenishment of recombinant FGF21 largely reversed APAP-induced hepatic oxidative stress and liver injury in FGF21 KO mice. Mechanistically, FGF21 induced hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator protein-1α (PGC-1α), thereby increasing the nuclear abundance of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequent up-regulation of several antioxidant genes. The beneficial effects of recombinant FGF21 on up-regulation of Nrf2 and antioxidant genes and alleviation of APAP-induced oxidative stress and liver injury were largely abolished by adenovirus-mediated knockdown of hepatic PGC-1α expression, whereas overexpression of PGC-1α was sufficient to counteract the increased susceptibility of FGF21 KO mice to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The marked elevation of FGF21 by APAP overdose may represent a compensatory mechanism to protect against the drug-induced hepatotoxicity, by enhancing PGC-1α/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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117
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Mazzoccoli G, Vinciguerra M, Oben J, Tarquini R, De Cosmo S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the role of nuclear receptors and circadian rhythmicity. Liver Int 2014; 34:1133-52. [PMID: 24649929 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes in the absence of excess alcohol intake, and is caused by an imbalance between hepatic synthesis and breakdown of fats, as well as fatty acid storage and disposal. Liver metabolic pathways are driven by circadian biological clocks, and hepatic health is maintained by proper timing of circadian patterns of metabolic gene expression with the alternation of anabolic processes corresponding to feeding/activity during wake times, and catabolic processes characterizing fasting/resting during sleep. A number of nuclear receptors in the liver are expressed rhythmically, bind hormones and metabolites, sense energy flux and expenditure, and connect the metabolic pathways to the molecular clockwork throughout the 24-h day. In this review, we describe the role played by the nuclear receptors in the genesis of NAFLD in relationship with the circadian clock circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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118
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Hou S, Zheng F, Li Y, Gao L, Zhang J. The protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by high glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15026-43. [PMID: 25162824 PMCID: PMC4200778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy using renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E). The cells are divided into normal group (NG), high glucose group (HG), and treatment group (HG + GA). The methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Model driven architecture (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Electron microscopy and histological were used to detect the changes in cell ultrastructure. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure Mn-SOD and PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC-1a) mRNA. We find that high glucose increases NRK-52E cell proliferation and TGF-β1 expression, but decreases expression of AMPK, SIRT1 and Mn-SOD. These effects are significantly attenuated by GA. Our findings suggest that GA has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell proliferation and oxidative stress at least in part by increasing AMPK, SIRT1 and Mn-SOD expression in NRK-52E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhang Hou
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Fangfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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119
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Abstract
Heart failure has become a huge public health problem. The treatment options for heart failure, however, are considerably limited. The significant disparity between the scope of a prominent health problem and the restricted means of therapy propagates heart failure epidemics. Delineating novel mechanisms of heart failure is imperative. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation may take part in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA and histone modifications that lead to changes in DNA-based transcriptional programs without altering the DNA sequence. Although more and more mechanisms are being discovered, the best understood epigenetic modifications are achieved through covalent biochemical reactions including histone acetylation, histone methylation and DNA methylation. Connecting environmental stimuli with genomic programs, epigenetic regulation remains important in maintaining homeostases and the pathogeneses of diseases. This review summarizes the most recent developments regarding individual epigenetic modifications and their implications in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Understanding this strategically important mechanism is potentially the key for developing powerful interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian J Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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120
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Mukherjee S, Basar MA, Davis C, Duttaroy A. Emerging functional similarities and divergences between Drosophila Spargel/dPGC-1 and mammalian PGC-1 protein. Front Genet 2014; 5:216. [PMID: 25071841 PMCID: PMC4090675 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Co-activator-1 (PGC-1) is a well-conserved protein among all chordates. Entire Drosophila species subgroup carries a PGC-1 homolog in their genome called spargel/dPGC-1 showing very little divergence. Recent studies have reported that significant functional similarities are shared between vertebrate and invertebrate PGC-1's based on their role in mitochondrial functions and biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and most likely in transcription and RNA processing. With the help of genetic epistasis analysis, we established that Drosophila Spargel/dPGC-1 affects cell growth process as a terminal effector in the Insulin-TOR signaling pathway. The association between Spargel/dPGC-1 and Insulin signaling could also explain its role in the aging process. Here we provided a further comparison between Spargel/dPGC-1 and PGC-1 focusing on nuclear localization, oxidative stress resistance, and a possible role of Spargel/dPGC-1 in oogenesis reminiscing the role of Spargel in reproductive aging like many Insulin signaling partners. This led us to hypothesize that the discovery of newer biological functions in Drosophila Spargel/dPGC-1 will pave the way to uncover novel functional equivalents in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudette Davis
- Department of Biology, Howard University Washington, DC, USA ; Biology Undergraduate Program, College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Atanu Duttaroy
- Department of Biology, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
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121
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Abstract
Vanin-1 (VNN1) is a liver-enriched oxidative stress sensor that has been implicated in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Clinical investigations indicated that the levels of VNN1 were increased in the urine and blood of diabetic patients, but the physiological significance of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the hepatic expression of VNN1 was induced in fasted mice or mice with insulin resistance. Gain- and loss-of-function studies indicated that VNN1 increased the expression of gluconeogenic genes and hepatic glucose output, which led to hyperglycemia. These effects of VNN1 on gluconeogenesis were mediated by the regulation of the Akt signaling pathway. Mechanistically, vnn1 transcription was activated by the synergistic interaction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α). A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that PGC-1α was present near the HNF-4α binding site on the proximal vnn1 promoter and activated the chromatin structure. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for VNN1 in regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Therefore, VNN1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic diseases caused by overactivated gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunqi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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122
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Wang B, Zhu L, Sui S, Sun C, Jiang H, Ren D. Cilostazol induces mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:441-5. [PMID: 24732360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazol is a drug licensed for the treatment of intermittent claudication. Its main action is to elevate intracellular levels of cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) by inhibiting the activity of type III phosphodiesterase, a cAMP-degrading enzyme. The effects of cilostazol on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are as yet unknown. In this study, we report that cilostazol can elevate complete FAO and decrease both triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and TAG secretion. This use of cilostazol treatment increases expression of PGC-1α and, subsequently, its target genes, such as ERRα, NOR1, CD36, CPT1, MCAD, and ACO. Expression of these factors is linked to fatty acid β-oxidation but this effect is inhibited by H-89, a specific inhibitor of the PKA/CREB pathway. Importantly, knockdown of PGC-1α using siRNA abolished the effects of cilostazol in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and TAG metabolism. These findings suggested that the PKA/CREB/PGC-1α pathway plays a critical role in cilostazol-induced fatty acid oxidation and TAG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhucheng City People's Hospital, Zhucheng 262200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shaohua Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, YanTai Development Zone Hospital, Yantai 264004, Shandong Province, China
| | - Caixia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Donghui Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
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123
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Miller GW, Truong L, Barton CL, Labut EM, Lebold KM, Traber MG, Tanguay RL. The influences of parental diet and vitamin E intake on the embryonic zebrafish transcriptome. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 10:22-9. [PMID: 24657723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the typical commercial diet fed to zebrafish can dramatically vary. By utilizing defined diets we sought to answer two questions: 1) How does the embryonic zebrafish transcriptome change when the parental adults are fed a commercial lab diet compared with a sufficient, defined diet (E+)? 2) Does a vitamin E-deficient parental diet (E-) further change the embryonic transcriptome? We conducted a global gene expression study using embryos from zebrafish fed a commercial (Lab), an E+ or an E- diet. To capture differentially expressed transcripts prior to onset of overt malformations observed in E- embryos at 48h post-fertilization (hpf), embryos were collected from each group at 36hpf. Lab embryos differentially expressed (p<0.01) 946 transcripts compared with the E+ embryos, and 2656 transcripts compared with the E- embryos. The differences in protein, fat and micronutrient intakes in zebrafish fed the Lab compared with the E+ diet demonstrate that despite overt morphologic consistency, significant differences in gene expression occurred. Moreover, functional analysis of the significant transcripts in the E- embryos suggested perturbed energy metabolism, leading to overt malformations and mortality. Thus, these findings demonstrate that parental zebrafish diet has a direct impact on the embryonic transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen W Miller
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Carrie L Barton
- Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Edwin M Labut
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katie M Lebold
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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124
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Jesinkey SR, Funk JA, Stallons LJ, Wills LP, Megyesi JK, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Formoterol restores mitochondrial and renal function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1157-62. [PMID: 24511124 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis may be an adaptive response necessary for meeting the increased metabolic and energy demands during organ recovery after acute injury, and renal mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI. We proposed that stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis 24 hours after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI, when renal dysfunction is maximal, would accelerate recovery of mitochondrial and renal function in mice. We recently showed that formoterol, a potent, highly specific, and long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist, induces renal mitochondrial biogenesis in naive mice. Animals were subjected to sham or I/R-induced AKI, followed by once-daily intraperitoneal injection with vehicle or formoterol beginning 24 hours after surgery and continuing through 144 hours after surgery. Treatment with formoterol restored renal function, rescued renal tubules from injury, and diminished necrosis after I/R-induced AKI. Concomitantly, formoterol stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and restored the expression and function of mitochondrial proteins. Taken together, these results provide proof of principle that a novel drug therapy to treat AKI, and potentially other acute organ failures, works by restoring mitochondrial function and accelerating the recovery of renal function after injury has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Jesinkey
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jason A Funk
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - L Jay Stallons
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lauren P Wills
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Judit K Megyesi
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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PGC-1α signaling coordinates susceptibility to metabolic and oxidative injury in the inner retina. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1017-1029. [PMID: 24508229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), used as a common model of central nervous system injury, are particularly vulnerable to metabolic and oxidative damage. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this sensitivity have not been determined in vivo. PGC-1α (encoded by PPARGC1A) regulates adaptive metabolism and oxidative stress responses in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. Aberrant PGC-1α signaling is implicated in neurodegeneration, but the mechanism underlying its role in central nervous system injury remains unclear. We provide evidence from a mouse model that PGC-1α expression and activity are induced in adult retina in response to metabolic and oxidative challenge. Deletion of Ppargc1a dramatically increased RGC loss, in association with dysregulated expression of PGC-1α target metabolic and oxidative stress response genes, including Hmox1 (encoding HO-1), Tfam, and Vegfa. Vehicle-treated and naive Ppargc1a(-/-) mice also showed mild RGC loss, and surprisingly prominent and consistent retinal astrocyte reactivity. These cells critically regulate metabolic homeostasis in the inner retina. We show that PGC-1α signaling (not previously studied in glia) regulates detoxifying astrocyte responses to hypoxic and oxidative stresses. Finally, PGC-1α expression was modulated in the inner retina with age and in a model of chronic optic neuropathy. These data implicate PGC-1α signaling as an important regulator of astrocyte reactivity and RGC homeostasis to coordinate pathogenic susceptibility to metabolic and oxidative injury in the inner retina.
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Chan MC, Rowe GC, Raghuram S, Patten IS, Farrell C, Arany Z. Post-natal induction of PGC-1α protects against severe muscle dystrophy independently of utrophin. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:2. [PMID: 24447845 PMCID: PMC3914847 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) afflicts 1 million boys in the US and has few effective treatments. Constitutive transgenic expression of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α improves skeletal muscle function in the murine “mdx” model of DMD, but how this occurs, or whether it can occur post-natally, is not known. The leading mechanistic hypotheses for the benefits conferred by PGC-1α include the induction of utrophin, a dystrophin homolog, and/or induction and stabilization of the neuromuscular junction. Methods The effects of transgenic overexpression of PGC-1β, a homolog of PGC-1α in mdx mice was examined using different assays of skeletal muscle structure and function. To formally test the hypothesis that PGC-1α confers benefit in mdx mice by induction of utrophin and stabilization of neuromuscular junction, PGC-1α transgenic animals were crossed with the dystrophin utrophin double knock out (mdx/utrn-/-) mice, a more severe dystrophic model. Finally, we also examined the effect of post-natal induction of skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression on muscle structure and function in mdx mice. Results We show here that PGC-1β does not induce utrophin or other neuromuscular genes when transgenically expressed in mouse skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, however, PGC-1β transgenesis protects as efficaciously as PGC-1α against muscle degeneration in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice, suggesting that alternate mechanisms of protection exist. When PGC-1α is overexpressed in mdx/utrn-/- mice, we find that PGC-1α dramatically ameliorates muscle damage even in the absence of utrophin. Finally, we also used inducible skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression to show that PGC-1α can protect against dystrophy even if activated post-natally, a more plausible therapeutic option. Conclusions These data demonstrate that PGC-1α can improve muscle dystrophy post-natally, highlighting its therapeutic potential. The data also show that PGC-1α is equally protective in the more severely affected mdx/utrn-/- mice, which more closely recapitulates the aggressive progression of muscle damage seen in DMD patients. The data also identify PGC-1β as a novel potential target, equally efficacious in protecting against muscle dystrophy. Finally, the data also show that PGC-1α and PGC-1β protect against dystrophy independently of utrophin or of induction of the neuromuscular junction, indicating the existence of other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215 Boston, MA, USA.
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Maruthur NM, Gribble MO, Bennett WL, Bolen S, Wilson LM, Balakrishnan P, Sahu A, Bass E, Kao WHL, Clark JM. The pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:876-86. [PMID: 24558078 PMCID: PMC3931386 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review to identify which genetic variants predict response to diabetes medications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database) and a manual search to identify original, longitudinal studies of the effect of diabetes medications on incident diabetes, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and postprandial glucose in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes by genetic variation. Two investigators reviewed titles, abstracts, and articles independently. Two investigators abstracted data sequentially and evaluated study quality independently. Quality evaluations were based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association Studies guidelines and Human Genome Epidemiology Network guidance. RESULTS Of 7,279 citations, we included 34 articles (N = 10,407) evaluating metformin (n = 14), sulfonylureas (n = 4), repaglinide (n = 8), pioglitazone (n = 3), rosiglitazone (n = 4), and acarbose (n = 4). Studies were not standalone randomized controlled trials, and most evaluated patients with diabetes. Significant medication-gene interactions for glycemic outcomes included 1) metformin and the SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC47A1, PRKAB2, PRKAA2, PRKAA1, and STK11 loci; 2) sulfonylureas and the CYP2C9 and TCF7L2 loci; 3) repaglinide and the KCNJ11, SLC30A8, NEUROD1/BETA2, UCP2, and PAX4 loci; 4) pioglitazone and the PPARG2 and PTPRD loci; 5) rosiglitazone and the KCNQ1 and RBP4 loci; and 5) acarbose and the PPARA, HNF4A, LIPC, and PPARGC1A loci. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of pharmacogenetic interactions for metformin, sulfonylureas, repaglinide, thiazolidinediones, and acarbose consistent with their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. While high-quality controlled studies with prespecified analyses are still lacking, our results bring the promise of personalized medicine in diabetes one step closer to fruition.
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Abstract
Obesity has increased in prevalence worldwide, attributed in part to the influences of an obesity-promoting environment and genetic factors. While obesity and overweight increasingly seem to be the norm, there remain individuals who resist obesity. We present here an overview of data supporting the idea that hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A (OXA; hypocretin 1) may be a key component of brain mechanisms underlying obesity resistance. Prior work with models of obesity and obesity resistance in rodents has shown that increased orexin and/or orexin sensitivity is correlated with elevated spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and that orexin-induced SPA contributes to obesity resistance via increased non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). However, central hypothalamic orexin signaling mechanisms that regulate SPA remain undefined. Our ongoing studies and work of others support the hypothesis that one such mechanism may be upregulation of a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)-dependent pathway, suggesting that orexin may promote obesity resistance both by increasing SPA and by influencing the metabolic state of orexin-responsive hypothalamic neurons. We discuss potential mechanisms based on both animal and in vitro pharmacological studies, in the context of elucidating potential molecular targets for obesity prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy A. Butterick
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Research 151, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN USA 55417
| | - Charles J. Billington
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Research 151, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN USA 55417
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN USA 55108
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Suite 14-110 Phillips-Wangensteen Bldg, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN USA 55455
| | - Catherine M. Kotz
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Research 151, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN USA 55417
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN USA 55108
| | - Joshua P. Nixon
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Research 151, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN USA 55417
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN USA 55108
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Serviddio G, Bellanti F, Vendemiale G. Free radical biology for medicine: learning from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:952-968. [PMID: 23994574 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, when released under controlled conditions and limited amounts, contribute to cellular proliferation, senescence, and survival by acting as signaling intermediates. In past decades there has been an epidemic diffusion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that represents the result of the impairment of lipid metabolism, redox imbalance, and insulin resistance in the liver. To date, most studies and reviews have been focused on the molecular mechanisms by which fatty liver progresses to steatohepatitis, but the processes leading toward the development of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD are not fully understood yet. Several nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α/γ/δ, PPARγ coactivators 1α and 1β, sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins, AMP-activated protein kinase, liver-X-receptors, and farnesoid-X-receptor, play key roles in the regulation of lipid homeostasis during the pathogenesis of NAFLD. These nuclear receptors may act as redox sensors and may modulate various metabolic pathways in response to specific molecules that act as ligands. It is conceivable that a redox-dependent modulation of lipid metabolism, nuclear receptor-mediated, could cause the development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Thus, this network may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of hepatic steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis. This review summarizes the redox-dependent factors that contribute to metabolism alterations in fatty liver with a focus on the redox control of nuclear receptors in normal liver as well as in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A favors upregulation of gluconeogenic and lipogenic gene expression leading towards insulin resistance: a metabolic syndrome. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1017-25. [PMID: 24240483 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is a lethal blood-borne infection often associated with a number of pathologies such as insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities. Insulin is a key hormone that regulates the expression of metabolic pathways and favors homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrated the molecular mechanism of hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A)-induced metabolic dysregulation. We showed that transient expression of HCV NS5A in human hepatoma cells increased lipid droplet formation through enhanced lipogenesis. We also showed increased transcriptional expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) in NS5A-expressing cells. On the other hand, there was significantly reduced transcriptional expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in cells expressing HCV NS5A. Furthermore, increased gluconeogenic gene expression was observed in HCV-NS5A-expressing cells. In addition, it was also shown that HCV-NS5A-expressing hepatoma cells show serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, thereby hampering metabolic activity and contributing to insulin resistance. Therefore, this study reveals that HCV NS5A is involved in enhanced gluconeogenic and lipogenic gene expression, which triggers metabolic abnormality and impairs insulin signaling pathway.
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Plasmatic concentration of organochlorine lindane acts as metabolic disruptors in HepG2 liver cell line by inducing mitochondrial disorder. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:325-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shibuya E, Murakami M, Kondo M, Kamei Y, Tomonaga S, Matsui T, Funaba M. Downregulation of Pgc-1α expression by tea leaves and their by-products. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:236-40. [PMID: 24114933 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Shibuya
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Graduate School of Bioresources; Mie University; Tsu Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto Prefectural University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Heo HS, Kim E, Jeon SM, Kwon EY, Shin SK, Paik H, Hur CG, Choi MS. A nutrigenomic framework to identify time-resolving responses of hepatic genes in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Cells 2013; 36:25-38. [PMID: 23813319 PMCID: PMC3887924 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related complications have emerged as global health problems; however, the pathophysiological mechanism of obesity is still not fully understood. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20, and 24 weeks and the time course was systemically analyzed specifically for the hepatic transcriptome profile. Genes that were differentially expressed in the HFD-fed mice were clustered into 49 clusters and further classified into 8 different expression patterns: long-term up-regulated (pattern 1), long-term downregulated (pattern 2), early up-regulated (pattern 3), early down-regulated (pattern 4), late up-regulated (pattern 5), late down-regulated (pattern 6), early up-regulated and late down-regulated (pattern 7), and early down-regulated and late up-regulated (pattern 8) HFD-responsive genes. Within each pattern, genes related with inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism were extracted, and then, a protein-protein interaction network was generated. The pattern specific sub-network was as follows: pattern 1, cellular assembly and organization, and immunological disease, pattern 2, lipid metabolism, pattern 3, gene expression and inflammatory response, pattern 4, cell signaling, pattern 5, lipid metabolism, molecular transport, and small molecule biochemistry, pattern 6, protein synthesis and cell-to cell signaling and interaction and pattern 7, cell-to cell signaling, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death. For pattern 8, no significant sub-networks were identified. Taken together, this suggests that genes involved in regulating gene expression and inflammatory response are up-regulated whereas genes involved in lipid metabolism and protein synthesis are down-regulated during diet-induced obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Sam Heo
- Green Bio Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon 363-951,
Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702,
Korea
- Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Seon-Min Jeon
- Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Hyojung Paik
- Green Bio Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
| | - Cheol-Goo Hur
- Green Bio Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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Collison KS, Makhoul NJ, Zaidi MZ, Inglis A, Andres BL, Ubungen R, Saleh S, Al-Mohanna FA. Prediabetic changes in gene expression induced by aspartame and monosodium glutamate in Trans fat-fed C57Bl/6 J mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:44. [PMID: 23783067 PMCID: PMC3727955 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human diet has altered markedly during the past four decades, with the introduction of Trans hydrogenated fat, which extended the shelf-life of dietary oils and promoted a dramatic increase in elaidic acid (Trans-18.1) consumption. Food additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) and aspartame (ASP) were introduced to increase food palatability and reduce caloric intake. Nutrigenomics studies in small-animal models are an established platform for analyzing the interactions between various macro- and micronutrients. We therefore investigated the effects of changes in hepatic and adipose tissue gene expression induced by the food additives ASP, MSG or a combination of both additives in C57Bl/6 J mice fed a Trans fat-enriched diet. METHODS Hepatic and adipose tissue gene expression profiles, together with body characteristics, glucose parameters, serum hormone and lipid profiles were examined in C57Bl/6 J mice consuming one of the following four dietary regimens, commencing in utero via the mother's diet: [A] Trans fat (TFA) diet; [B] MSG + TFA diet; [C] ASP + TFA diet; [D] ASP + MSG + TFA diet. RESULTS Whilst dietary MSG significantly increased hepatic triglyceride and serum leptin levels in TFA-fed mice, the combination of ASP + MSG promoted the highest increase in visceral adipose tissue deposition, serum free fatty acids, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and TNFα levels. Microarray analysis of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed a reduction in hepatic and adipose tissue PPARGC1a expression concomitant with changes in PPARGC1a-related functional networks including PPARα, δ and γ. We identified 73 DEGs common to both adipose and liver which were upregulated by ASP + MSG in Trans fat-fed mice; and an additional 51 common DEGs which were downregulated. CONCLUSION The combination of ASP and MSG may significantly alter adiposity, glucose homeostasis, hepatic and adipose tissue gene expression in TFA-fed C57Bl/6 J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Collison
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine J Makhoul
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marya Z Zaidi
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Inglis
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernard L Andres
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosario Ubungen
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Saleh
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan A Al-Mohanna
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Camacho A, Huang JK, Delint-Ramirez I, Yew Tan C, Fuller M, Lelliott CJ, Vidal-Puig A, Franklin RJM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1 alpha coordinates sphingolipid metabolism, lipid raft composition and myelin protein synthesis. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2672-83. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camacho
- Metabolic Research Laboratories; Institute of Metabolic Science; Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - Jeffrey K. Huang
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine; Cambridge; UK
| | - Ilse Delint-Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Autonomous University of Nuevo León; Monterrey; Mexico
| | - Chong Yew Tan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories; Institute of Metabolic Science; Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - Maria Fuller
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology; SA Pathology; Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | | | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories; Institute of Metabolic Science; Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine; Cambridge; UK
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Souren NYP, Lutsik P, Gasparoni G, Tierling S, Gries J, Riemenschneider M, Fryns JP, Derom C, Zeegers MP, Walter J. Adult monozygotic twins discordant for intra-uterine growth have indistinguishable genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R44. [PMID: 23706164 PMCID: PMC4054831 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-5-r44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight is associated with an increased adult metabolic disease risk. It is widely discussed that poor intra-uterine conditions could induce long-lasting epigenetic modifications, leading to systemic changes in regulation of metabolic genes. To address this, we acquire genome-wide DNA methylation profiles from saliva DNA in a unique cohort of 17 monozygotic monochorionic female twins very discordant for birth weight. We examine if adverse prenatal growth conditions experienced by the smaller co-twins lead to long-lasting DNA methylation changes. Results Overall, co-twins show very similar genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. Since observed differences are almost exclusively caused by variable cellular composition, an original marker-based adjustment strategy was developed to eliminate such variation at affected CpGs. Among adjusted and unchanged CpGs 3,153 are differentially methylated between the heavy and light co-twins at nominal significance, of which 45 show sensible absolute mean β-value differences. Deep bisulfite sequencing of eight such loci reveals that differences remain in the range of technical variation, arguing against a reproducible biological effect. Analysis of methylation in repetitive elements using methylation-dependent primer extension assays also indicates no significant intra-pair differences. Conclusions Severe intra-uterine growth differences observed within these monozygotic twins are not associated with long-lasting DNA methylation differences in cells composing saliva, detectable with up-to-date technologies. Additionally, our results indicate that uneven cell type composition can lead to spurious results and should be addressed in epigenomic studies.
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137
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The protein level of PGC-1α, a key metabolic regulator, is controlled by NADH-NQO1. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2603-13. [PMID: 23648480 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01672-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a key transcription coactivator regulating energy metabolism in a tissue-specific manner. PGC-1α expression is tightly regulated, it is a highly labile protein, and it interacts with various proteins--the known attributes of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). In this study, we characterize PGC-1α as an IDP and demonstrate that it is susceptible to 20S proteasomal degradation by default. We further demonstrate that PGC-1α degradation is inhibited by NQO1, a 20S gatekeeper protein. NQO1 binds and protects PGC-1α from degradation in an NADH-dependent manner. Using different cellular physiological settings, we also demonstrate that NQO1-mediated PGC-1α protection plays an important role in controlling both basal and physiologically induced PGC-1α protein level and activity. Our findings link NQO1, a cellular redox sensor, to the metabolite-sensing network that tunes PGC-1α expression and activity in regulating energy metabolism.
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138
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Kim TH, Kim MY, Jo SH, Park JM, Ahn YH. Modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:545-59. [PMID: 23549795 PMCID: PMC3635639 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.3.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) belongs to a nuclear receptor superfamily; members of which play key roles in the control of body metabolism principally by acting on adipose tissue. Ligands of PPARγ, such as thiazolidinediones, are widely used in the treatment of metabolic syndromes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although these drugs have potential benefits in the treatment of T2DM, they also cause unwanted side effects. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the transcriptional activity of PPARγ is of prime importance in the development of new selective drugs or drugs with fewer side effects. Recent advancements in molecular biology have made it possible to obtain a deeper understanding of the role of PPARγ in body homeostasis. The transcriptional activity of PPARγ is subject to regulation either by interacting proteins or by modification of the protein itself. New interacting partners of PPARγ with new functions are being unveiled. In addition, post-translational modification by various cellular signals contributes to fine-tuning of the transcriptional activities of PPARγ. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements in our understanding of the post-translational modifications of, and proteins interacting with, PPARγ, both of which affect its transcriptional activities in relation to adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Man Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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139
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Zhang LN, Zhou HY, Fu YY, Li YY, Wu F, Gu M, Wu LY, Xia CM, Dong TC, Li JY, Shen JK, Li J. Novel small-molecule PGC-1α transcriptional regulator with beneficial effects on diabetic db/db mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:1297-307. [PMID: 23250358 PMCID: PMC3609556 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) has been shown to influence energy metabolism. Hence, we explored a strategy to target PGC-1α expression to treat metabolic syndromes. We developed a high-throughput screening assay that uses the human PGC-1α promoter to drive expression of luciferase. The effects of lead compound stimulation on PGC-1α expression in muscle cells and hepatocytes were investigated in vitro and in vivo. A novel small molecule, ZLN005, led to changes in PGC-1α mRNA levels, glucose uptake, and fatty acid oxidation in L6 myotubes. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase was involved in the induction of PGC-1α expression. In diabetic db/db mice, chronic administration of ZLN005 increased PGC-1α and downstream gene transcription in skeletal muscle, whereas hepatic PGC-1α and gluconeogenesis genes were reduced. ZLN005 increased fat oxidation and improved the glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and insulin sensitivity of diabetic db/db mice. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia also were ameliorated after treatment with ZLN005. Our results demonstrated that a novel small molecule selectively elevated the expression of PGC-1α in myotubes and skeletal muscle and exerted promising therapeutic effects for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing-Ya Li
- Corresponding authors: Jia Li, , Jing-Ya Li, , or Jing-Kang Shen,
| | - Jing-Kang Shen
- Corresponding authors: Jia Li, , Jing-Ya Li, , or Jing-Kang Shen,
| | - Jia Li
- Corresponding authors: Jia Li, , Jing-Ya Li, , or Jing-Kang Shen,
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140
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Skeletal muscle function during exercise-fine-tuning of diverse subsystems by nitric oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7109-39. [PMID: 23538841 PMCID: PMC3645679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is responsible for altered acute and chronic workload as induced by exercise. Skeletal muscle adaptations range from immediate change of contractility to structural adaptation to adjust the demanded performance capacities. These processes are regulated by mechanically and metabolically induced signaling pathways, which are more or less involved in all of these regulations. Nitric oxide is one of the central signaling molecules involved in functional and structural adaption in different cell types. It is mainly produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and by non-enzymatic pathways also in skeletal muscle. The relevance of a NOS-dependent NO signaling in skeletal muscle is underlined by the differential subcellular expression of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3, and the alteration of NO production provoked by changes of workload. In skeletal muscle, a variety of highly relevant tasks to maintain skeletal muscle integrity and proper signaling mechanisms during adaptation processes towards mechanical and metabolic stimulations are taken over by NO signaling. The NO signaling can be mediated by cGMP-dependent and -independent signaling, such as S-nitrosylation-dependent modulation of effector molecules involved in contractile and metabolic adaptation to exercise. In this review, we describe the most recent findings of NO signaling in skeletal muscle with a special emphasis on exercise conditions. However, to gain a more detailed understanding of the complex role of NO signaling for functional adaptation of skeletal muscle (during exercise), additional sophisticated studies are needed to provide deeper insights into NO-mediated signaling and the role of non-enzymatic-derived NO in skeletal muscle physiology.
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141
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Qian J, Chen S, Huang Y, Shi X, Liu C. PGC-1α regulates hepatic hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis in response to inflammation. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:683-92. [PMID: 23438894 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic iron homeostasis is finely regulated by the liver through synthesis of the peptide hormone hepcidin (HAMP), which plays an important role in duodenal iron absorption and macrophage iron release. Clinical investigations have shown that chronic and low-grade inflammation leads to the increase of serum HAMP levels and the development of various diseases such as anemia of inflammation. However, gaps remain to fully elucidate the mechanism linking inflammation and iron dysregulation. Here we show that although inflammatory stimuli increase hepatic HAMP expression and cause systemic iron deficiency in mice, they inhibit the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator actively involved in metabolic regulation. Liver-specific overexpression of PGC-1α antagonizes lipopolysaccharide-induced HAMP expression and alleviates various pathophysiological changes similar to anemia of inflammation. Consistently, overexpression of PGC-1α in HepG2 or HuH7 cells also suppresses HAMP expression and reduces iron accumulation. In contrast, knockdown of PGC-1α exaggerates LPS-induced HAMP expression and iron dysregulation. At the molecular level, PGC-1α suppresses HAMP transcription via the interaction with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. In addition, PGC-1α is present near hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α-binding site on the proximal HAMP promoter and turns the chromatin structure into an inactive state. Our data suggest a critical role for PGC-1α in the regulation of hepatic HAMP expression and iron homeostasis under inflammatory circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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142
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen S, Wang D, Wu J, Liang T, Liu C. Lithium chloride inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and alleviates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia via induction of PGC-1α. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55471. [PMID: 23383200 PMCID: PMC3561220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes importantly to the development of in-stent restenosis. Lithium has recently been shown to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, but its actions in VSMCs and the direct molecular target responsible for its action remains unknown. On the other hand, PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator which negatively regulates the pathological activation of VSMCs. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine if lithium chloride (LiCl) retards VSMC proliferation and migration and if PGC-1α mediates the effects of lithium on VSMCs. We found that pretreatment of LiCl increased PGC-1α protein expression and nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. MTT and EdU incorporation assays indicated that LiCl inhibited serum-induced VSMC proliferation. Similarly, deceleration of VSMC migration was confirmed by wound healing and transwell assays. LiCl also suppressed ROS generation and cell cycle progression. At the molecular level, LiCl reduced the protein expression levels or phosphorylation of key regulators involved in the cell cycle re-entry, adhesion, inflammation and motility. In addition, in vivo administration of LiCl alleviated the pathophysiological changes in balloon injury-induced neointima hyperplasia. More importantly, knockdown of PGC-1α by siRNA significantly attenuated the beneficial effects of LiCl on VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that LiCl has great potentials in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to VSMC abnormal proliferation and migration. In addition, PGC-1α may serve as a promising drug target to regulate cardiovascular physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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143
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Organ-specific mediation of lifespan extension: more than a gut feeling? Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:436-44. [PMID: 22706186 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are composed of an interactive network of various tissues that are functionally organized as discrete organs. If aging were slowed in a specific tissue or organ how would that impact longevity at the organismal level? In recent years, molecular genetic approaches in invertebrate model systems have dramatically improved our understanding of the aging process and have provided insight into the preceding question. In this review, we discuss tissue and organ-specific interventions that prolong lifespan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. These interventions include reduced Insulin/IGF-1 signaling, knockdown of genes important for mitochondrial electron transport chain function and, finally, up-regulation of the Drosophila PGC-1 homolog. An emerging theme from these studies is that the intestine is an important target organ in mediating lifespan extension at the organismal level.
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144
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Guo Y, Fan Y, Zhang J, Chang L, Lin JD, Chen YE. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) protein attenuates vascular lesion formation by inhibition of chromatin loading of minichromosome maintenance complex in smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4625-36. [PMID: 23264620 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to vascular injury plays a critical role in vascular lesion formation. Emerging data suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) is a key regulator of energy metabolism and other biological processes. However, the physiological role of PGC-1β in VSMCs remains unknown. A decrease in PGC-1β expression was observed in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. PGC-1β overexpression substantially inhibited neointima formation in vivo and markedly inhibited VSMC proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G(1)/S transition phase in vitro. Accordingly, overexpression of PGC-1β decreased the expression of minichromosome maintenance 4 (MCM4), which leads to a decreased loading of the MCM complex onto chromatin at the replication origins and decreased cyclin D1 levels, whereas PGC-1β loss of function by adenovirus containing PGC-1β shRNA resulted in the opposite effect. The transcription factor AP-1 was involved in the down-regulation of MCM4 expression. Furthermore, PGC-1β is up-regulated by metformin, and metformin-associated anti-proliferative activity in VSMCs is at least partially dependent on PGC-1β. Our data show that PGC-1β is a critical component in regulating DNA replication, VSMC proliferation, and vascular lesion formation, suggesting that PGC-1β may emerge as a novel therapeutic target for control of proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Guo
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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145
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Sampath H, Vartanian V, Rollins MR, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Lloyd RS. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) deficiency increases susceptibility to obesity and metabolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51697. [PMID: 23284747 PMCID: PMC3524114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA is mainly repaired via base excision repair, a pathway that is catalyzed by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). While OGG1 has been implicated in maintaining genomic integrity and preventing tumorigenesis, we report a novel role for OGG1 in altering cellular and whole body energy homeostasis. OGG1-deficient (Ogg1(-/-)) mice have increased adiposity and hepatic steatosis following exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD), compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Ogg1(-/-) animals also have higher plasma insulin levels and impaired glucose tolerance upon HFD feeding, relative to WT counterparts. Analysis of energy expenditure revealed that HFD-fed Ogg1(-/-) mice have a higher resting VCO(2) and consequently, an increased respiratory quotient during the resting phase, indicating a preference for carbohydrate metabolism over fat oxidation in these mice. Additionally, microarray and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that key genes of fatty acid oxidation, including carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and the integral transcriptional co-activator Pgc-1α were significantly downregulated in Ogg1(-/-) livers. Multiple genes involved in TCA cycle metabolism were also significantly reduced in livers of Ogg1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, hepatic glycogen stores were diminished, and fasting plasma ketones were significantly reduced in Ogg1(-/-) mice. Collectively, these data indicate that OGG1 deficiency alters cellular substrate metabolism, favoring a fat sparing phenotype, that results in increased susceptibility to obesity and related pathologies in Ogg1(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sampath
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - M. Rick Rollins
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YN); (RSL)
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YN); (RSL)
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146
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Liu GS, Chan EC, Higuchi M, Dusting GJ, Jiang F. Redox mechanisms in regulation of adipocyte differentiation: beyond a general stress response. Cells 2012; 1:976-93. [PMID: 24710538 PMCID: PMC3901142 DOI: 10.3390/cells1040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize advances in our understanding of redox-sensitive mechanisms that regulate adipogenesis. Current evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species may act to promote both the initiation of adipocyte lineage commitment of precursor or stem cells, and the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipose cells. These can involve redox regulation of pathways mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). However, the precise roles of ROS in adipogenesis in vivo remain controversial. More studies are needed to delineate the roles of reactive oxygen species and redox signaling mechanisms, which could be either positive or negative, in the pathogenesis of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250-012, Shandong, China.
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147
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Goldstein I, Rotter V. Regulation of lipid metabolism by p53 - fighting two villains with one sword. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:567-75. [PMID: 22819212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both cellular and systemic metabolism of lipids are paramount for homeostasis, and their malfunction leads to devastating pathologies. Recently, exciting findings have linked the p53 tumor suppressor to the regulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we summarize these findings showing a clear role for p53 in enhancing lipid catabolism while inhibiting its anabolism. We also describe the multitude of genes regulated by p53 that participate in or regulate systemic lipid transport. From the compilation of available data a scenario is emerging in which p53 regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism - both in a cancer-preventive effort and, intriguingly, as a means to prevent atherosclerosis. Thus, by regulating lipid metabolism, p53 fights the two major causes of death worldwide - atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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148
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Salem AF, Whitaker-Menezes D, Howell A, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial biogenesis in epithelial cancer cells promotes breast cancer tumor growth and confers autophagy resistance. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4174-80. [PMID: 23070475 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we set out to test the novel hypothesis that increased mitochondrial biogenesis in epithelial cancer cells would "fuel" enhanced tumor growth. For this purpose, we generated MDA-MB-231 cells (a triple-negative human breast cancer cell line) overexpressing PGC-1α and MitoNEET, which are established molecules that drive mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Interestingly, both PGC-1α and MitoNEET increased the abundance of OXPHOS protein complexes, conferred autophagy resistance under conditions of starvation and increased tumor growth by up to ~3-fold. However, this increase in tumor growth was independent of neo-angiogenesis, as assessed by immunostaining and quantitation of vessel density using CD31 antibodies. Quantitatively similar increases in tumor growth were also observed by overexpression of PGC-1β and POLRMT in MDA-MB-231 cells, which are also responsible for mediating increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, we propose that increased mitochondrial "power" in epithelial cancer cells oncogenically promotes tumor growth by conferring autophagy resistance. As such, PGC-1α, PGC-1β, mitoNEET and POLRMT should all be considered as tumor promoters or "metabolic oncogenes." Our results are consistent with numerous previous clinical studies showing that metformin (a weak mitochondrial "poison") prevents the onset of nearly all types of human cancers in diabetic patients. Therefore, metformin (a complex I inhibitor) and other mitochondrial inhibitors should be developed as novel anticancer therapies, targeting mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Salem
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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149
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Charles AL, Meyer A, Dal-Ros S, Auger C, Keller N, Ramamoorthy TG, Zoll J, Metzger D, Schini-Kerth V, Geny B. Polyphenols prevent ageing-related impairment in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function through decreased reactive oxygen species production. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:536-45. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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150
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Deschemin JC, Foretz M, Viollet B, Vaulont S. Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1α and Hepcidin Are Coregulated in Fasted/Refed States in Mice. Clin Chem 2012; 58:1487-8. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.192195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Deschemin
- INSERM, U1016 Institut Cochin Faculté de Médecine Cochin Port Royal Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016 Institut Cochin Faculté de Médecine Cochin Port Royal Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016 Institut Cochin Faculté de Médecine Cochin Port Royal Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- INSERM, U1016 Institut Cochin Faculté de Médecine Cochin Port Royal Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
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