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Yuan M, Singer MR, Pickering RT, Moore LL. Saturated fat from dairy sources is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1682-1692. [PMID: 36307959 PMCID: PMC9761752 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current dietary guidance recommends limiting intakes of saturated fats, but most fails to consider that saturated fats from different food sources may have different health effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the associations of saturated fats from dairy and nondairy sources with measures of body fat, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid concentrations, and lipid particle sizes and concentrations. METHODS The Framingham Offspring Study is a prospective cohort study. Participants (n = 2391) ≥30 y of age who had dietary records and data on the outcomes of interest were included. RESULTS Among females, those in the highest quintile (compared with the lowest) of dairy-derived saturated fat had lower multivariable-adjusted levels of body fat [BMI (in kg/m2): 26.2 compared with 27.8, P < 0.01; and percentage fat mass: 36.7% compared with 38.0%, P = 0.09) and larger LDL particle sizes. Nondairy saturated fat in females was inversely associated with the triglyceride (TG):HDL ratio (P = 0.03). Among males, intakes of dairy-derived saturated fats were inversely associated with C-reactive protein (P < 0.01), fibrinogen (P < 0.01), TGs (P < 0.01), and the TG:HDL ratio (P < 0.01). HDL cholesterol was 2.8 mg/dL (P = 0.04) higher among males in the highest (compared with the lowest) quintile of saturated fat from dairy sources. Males with the highest intakes of dairy-derived saturated fats had larger HDL and LDL particle sizes (P < 0.01 for both), a higher HDL particle concentration (P < 0.01), and a lower VLDL particle concentration (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant adverse effects of saturated fats from nondairy sources on any of these outcomes in either males or females. CONCLUSIONS Males with higher intakes of dairy-derived saturated fats had a less atherogenic profile than males with lower intakes of these fats. These effects were weaker in females. Nondairy saturated fats were not associated with these cardiometabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Yuan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha R Singer
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard T Pickering
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn L Moore
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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102
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Zhang F, Li J, Chang C, Gu L, Xiong W, Su Y, Yang Y. The Association of Dietary Cholesterol from Egg Consumption on Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Varies from Person to Person. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14977-14988. [PMID: 36416372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The public and scientists remain skeptical about egg consumption, given that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in worldwide. This review mainly explained the recurrence of contradictory conclusions about relationships between egg consumption and CVD risk and discussed effects of egg cholesterol intake on cholesterol homeostasis. Factors including individual health status and cholesterol sensitivity, dietary pattern, region, and race should be distinguished when understanding generalized conclusions. Identified compensatory mechanisms in response to dietary cholesterol and the resulting balance in cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption, and efflux supported the view that moderate egg consumption had no substantial overall impacts on cholesterol homeostasis in healthy people. Excessive cholesterol intake is not recommended in individuals with distempered metabolism. More than cholesterol metabolism, impacts of egg consumption as a part of overall diet on CVD risk should be considered from aspects of nutrient intake, lipid metabolism, and energy supply in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, Hunan 415400, PR China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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103
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Corrêa CR, da Costa BGG, Silva KS, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Nunes EA. A higher energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index is positively associated with total and visceral body fat in young male adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:1136-1150. [PMID: 35377488 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) has been associated with a high body mass index and markers of chronic diseases. Also, pro-inflammatory diets with a high E-DII have been positively associated with metabolic disturbances such as glucose intolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether E-DII scores are positively associated with body fat percentage and visceral fat per se. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether the E-DII is associated with body fat content and metabolic health indicators in lean and obese young men. METHODS The present study was conducted on 59 participants, without comorbidities, not using tobacco, medication and nutritional supplements. Dietary data were obtained by 3-day food records to calculate E-DII scores based on 28 food parameters. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An oral glucose tolerance test also was performed. Associations were determined by mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS E-DII scores ranged from -3.48 to +3.10. Energy intake was similar across E-DII tertiles. After adjusting for covariates, the highest E-DII tertile was associated with increased body fat, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. There was no association between E-DII scores and glycaemic parameters. CONCLUSIONS In young participants, a dietary pattern with a higher E-DII (i.e., pro-inflammatory) score was associated with high body fat and markers of central adiposity assessed by DXA, regardless of body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia R Corrêa
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Silva
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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104
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Givens DI. Saturated fats, dairy foods and cardiovascular health: No longer a curious paradox? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:407-422. [PMID: 36285545 PMCID: PMC10091990 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death and morbidity in many parts of the world, and many dietary guidelines limit the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) as they are regarded as an important risk factor for CVDs due to their association with increased blood cholesterol. Dairy foods are often a major contributor to dietary intake of SFA, and since many dietary guidelines contain restrictions on SFA intake, this can lead to a moderation of dairy food intake despite meta-analyses generally showing dairy to have a neutral or negative association with CVDs. Many prospective studies and randomised controlled trials do not support a simple positive association between SFA intake and the risk of atherosclerotic CVD and its components although some early studies had a number of methodological weakness. Studies that included blood cholesterol data do broadly support the positive relationship between SFA and blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but without increased CVD risk resulting, despite LDL being a causal factor in atherosclerotic CVD. These data suggest that LDL-C alone is not a consistently good predictor or cause of CVD risk, perhaps particularly in relation to dairy food consumption although some non-dairy food studies have also shown LDL-C reduction was not reflected in reduced CVD risk. This narrative review examines some reasons for these findings. Overall, restrictions on dairy food intake do not seem warranted, although there remains a need to further understand the association of different dairy food types with chronic diseases, perhaps particularly for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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105
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Borges MC, Haycock P, Zheng J, Hemani G, Howe LJ, Schmidt AF, Staley JR, Lumbers RT, Henry A, Lemaitre RN, Gaunt TR, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Hingorani AD, Lawlor DA. The impact of fatty acids biosynthesis on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Europeans and East Asians: a Mendelian randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4034-4054. [PMID: 35796550 PMCID: PMC9703943 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite early interest, the evidence linking fatty acids to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains controversial. We used Mendelian randomization to explore the involvement of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids biosynthesis in the etiology of several CVD endpoints in up to 1 153 768 European (maximum 123 668 cases) and 212 453 East Asian (maximum 29 319 cases) ancestry individuals. As instruments, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to genes with well-known roles in PUFA (i.e. FADS1/2 and ELOVL2) and MUFA (i.e. SCD) biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that higher PUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs174576 near FADS1/2) is related to higher odds of multiple CVDs, particularly ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease and venous thromboembolism, whereas higher MUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs603424 near SCD) is related to lower odds of coronary artery disease among Europeans. Results were unclear for East Asians as most effect estimates were imprecise. By triangulating multiple approaches (i.e. uni-/multi-variable Mendelian randomization, a phenome-wide scan, genetic colocalization and within-sibling analyses), our results are compatible with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (and possibly glucose) being a downstream effect of higher PUFA biosynthesis rate. Our findings indicate that PUFA and MUFA biosynthesis are involved in the etiology of CVDs and suggest LDL cholesterol as a potential mediating trait between PUFA biosynthesis and CVDs risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Phillip Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Laurence J Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - A Floriaan Schmidt
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - James R Staley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - R Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Albert Henry
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA WA 98101, USA
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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106
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Zhao Y, Zhao W, Wang H, Zhao Y, Bu H, Takahashi H. Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31508. [PMID: 36401449 PMCID: PMC9678615 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is regarded as a risk factor of many liver diseases. METHODS Relevant studies were searched from The National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science and WANFANG databases. A total of 15 eligible studies were analyzed in the Reviewer Manager 5.3 software, including 7 English articles and 8 Chinese articles. RESULTS Fifteen studies are selected for this meta-analysis, which includes totally 623 patients in the treatment group and 594 patients in the control group. As a result, 8 studies show that the total effective rate of the treatment group is higher than that of the control group [Z = 3.64, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.78 (1.31-2.43), P = .0003]; eleven studies show that fasting plasma glucose levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 4.38, 95% CI: -0.95 (-1.38 to -0.53), P < .0001]; ten studies show that glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.69, 95% CI: -11.76 (-18.01 to -5.51), P = .0002]; 6 studies show that glutamic oxalacetic transaminase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 7.40, 95% CI: -3.01 (-3.81 to -2.22), P < .00001]; 6 studies show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 2.43, 95% CI: -23.77 (-42.98 to -4.57), P = .02]; 9 studies show that triglyceride levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.06, 95% CI: -0.62 (-1.01 to -0.22), P = .002]; 6 studies show that the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.22, 95% CI: -2.33 (-3.75 to -0.91), P = .001]; 6 studies show that the glycated hemoglobin A1c of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [Z = 4.50, 95% CI: -1.90 (-2.72 to -1.07), P < .00001]; five studies show that the fasting insulin of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.42, 95% CI: -2.25 (-3.53 to -0.96), P = .0006]. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone intake is effective in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hongwu Wang
- School of Health science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Huaien Bu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- * Correspondence: Hirokazu Takahashi, Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan (e-mail: )
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107
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A Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Eugenol, Linalool and Fatty Acid Composition in Basil Leaves. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213315. [DOI: 10.3390/foods11213315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenol and linalool are often the most abundant volatile compounds found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L., Lamiaceae) leaves, and they are interesting for the aroma they provide and for their numerous beneficial bioactivities. Their determination is thus needed for several purposes. In the present study, to avoid the previous isolation of essential oil, the direct solvent extraction is proposed coupled with a transmethylation to convert acyl lipids into fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs), thus assessing the possible simultaneous analysis of eugenol and linalool with FAMEs by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The method has been validated and applied to ten basil leaves samples in which eugenol and linalool were found in mean concentrations of 2.80 ± 0.15 and 1.01 ± 0.04 g kg−1 (dry weight), respectively. FAMEs composition was dominated by linolenic acid (52.1–56.1%) followed by palmitic acid (19.3–22.4%) and linoleic acid (9.6–11.3%). The ratio of n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)/n3-PUFAs was in the range of 0.17–0.20 in the investigated samples. The proposed method exploits a rapid procedure requiring 40 min, making use of a small amount of solvent and allowing the simultaneous determination of molecules contributing to assess the quality of this worldwide appreciated herb.
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108
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Dietary Fats and Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in a Cohort of Italian Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204294. [PMID: 36296979 PMCID: PMC9608185 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary fats, and especially saturated fatty acid (SFA), have been blamed for being the culprit in the dramatic increase in obesity and its associated diseases. However multiple systematic reviews and recent meta-analyses do not support the association between SFA and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to test whether specific types and subtypes of dietary fats are associated with metabolic outcomes in a cohort of Italian adults. Methods: Nutritional and demographic data of 1936 adults living in the south of Italy were examined. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were administered to assess the intake of total dietary fat and each specific class of dietary fat, such as SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The intake of fatty acids was also examined according to the carbon-chain length of each individual class. Cases of hypertension, type-2 diabetes and dyslipidemias were collected from previous doctor-confirmed diagnosis records (or direct measurement of blood pressure). Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, individuals reporting higher intakes of total and saturated fats were associated with lower likelihood of having hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.91 and OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.89, respectively). Moreover, higher intake of short-chain saturated fatty acids (SCSFAs) and medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFAs) was inversely associated with dyslipidemia and diabetes (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.82 and OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.72, respectively). Among MUFAs, C18:1 was inversely associated with hypertension and diabetes (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.92 and OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.67, respectively), while C14:1 intake was inversely associated only with hypertension (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88). In contrast, C20:1 intake was associated with dyslipidemia (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.42). Regarding PUFA, C18:2 and 20:5 were inversely associated with hypertension (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.60 and OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.89, respectively). Conclusions: The consumption of SFA does not seem to be harmful to cardio-metabolic health and, on the contrary, SCSFA may exert beneficial effects. Further studies are needed to clearly validate the results of the present study.
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109
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Kuzmenko NV, Shchegolev BF. Dependence of Seasonal Dynamics in Healthy People's Circulating Lipids and Carbohydrates on Regional Climate: Meta-Analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:381-398. [PMID: 36262777 PMCID: PMC9573834 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the seasonal dynamics of lipid profile, glucose, and insulin in healthy subjects from 29 studies conducted in 23 regions, located in different climate zones ranging from subarctic to tropical. Our meta-analysis showed that people have higher the level of TC (total cholesterol), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), FBG (fasting blood glucose) in winter than in summer regardless of gender. Regional climate had a significant impact on the seasonal dynamics of lipid profile and glucose. TC, HDL, FBG seasonal fluctuations were more prominent in a climate that had a marked increase in average monthly atmospheric pressure in winter compared with summer as opposed to a climate where atmospheric pressure did not vary significantly in winter and summer. In a climate with humid winters, TC seasonal changes were significantly greater than in the regions with humid summers, most likely due to LDL seasonal changes, since HDL seasonal dynamics with peaks in winter were more prominent in the regions with humid summers. The level of triglycerides had prominent seasonal dynamics with peak values in winter only in the regions with a large difference in winter and summer air temperatures. The results of our current and prior meta-analysis allow for the conclusion that the seasonal dynamics of circulating lipids and glucose are frequently linked to the seasonal dynamics of thyroid-stimulating hormone and hematocrit. Dependence of the seasonal changes in the biochemical parameters on annual fluctuations in air temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity is more obvious than on photoperiod changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01064-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Kuzmenko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Akkuratova St., St. Petersburg, 197341 Russia
| | - B. F. Shchegolev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarova Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
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Comparison of the quality of mountain sheep milk obtained from animals kept on a natural and organic mountain pasture. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of mountain sheep milk obtained from animals kept on mountain pastures: natural and organic. The experimental procedure was conducted under production conditions, during annual grazing of mountain sheep on two mountain pastures in the region of the Polish Carpathians: on organic pasture certified for organic farming and natural mountain pasture belongs to the National Park. This study showed greater plant species diversity in the organic mountain pasture, but its yielding was lower than that of the natural pasture. The green growth of the natural pasture was characterised by lower dry matter and fibre content but contained more total protein. The type of pasture did not affect the basic composition of the milk of mountain sheep, while differences were found in terms of acidity, alcohol number, fatty acid profile of fat and milk protein fractions. Milk obtained from sheep grazed on organic pasture was characterized by a higher proportion of medium chain fatty acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids, and also essential unsaturated fatty acids, both linoleic acid, α - linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. In milk originating from the natural mountain pasture, a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and the CLA c9-t11 isomer was found. The composition of milk protein fractions varied according to the location of grazing: milk from sheep grazing on natural pasture had a higher content of whey fractions, important for consumer health, milk from organic pasture had a higher content of κ-casein, of greatest importance in dairy processing technology. The floral composition of the pasture had an influence on the quality of sheep milk in relation to the fatty acid profile of fat and protein fractions of milk, which is important in terms of both the health-promoting and technological aspects of the raw material and may affect the quality of products made from it.
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111
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Vela-Vásquez DA, Sifuentes-Rincón AM, Delgado-Enciso I, Ordaz-Pichardo C, Arellano-Vera W, Treviño-Alvarado V. Effect of Consuming Beef with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions as a Major Source of Protein in Volunteers under a Personalized Nutritional Program. Nutrients 2022; 14:3711. [PMID: 36145087 PMCID: PMC9501318 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef is an excellent source of nutrients; unfortunately, most nutritional recommendations suggest limiting or even avoiding it. Studies have shown that the fatty acid composition of meat influences weight loss. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the anthropometric and serum lipid changes after a food intervention that included frequent beef consumption (120 g consumed four days/week for four weeks). Volunteers were randomly assigned to the commercial or Wagyu-Cross beef groups, with the latter beef possessing higher fat and MUFA contents. Both groups exhibited reductions in body measurements and lipid profiles; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited greater changes in weight (-3.75 vs. -2.90 kg) and BMI (-1.49 vs. -1.03) than the commercial group, without a significant difference between them. No significant group differences in lipid profiles were observed; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited a more favorable change in decreasing the TC concentration (-7.00 mg/dL) and LDL-C concentration (-12.5 mg/dL). We suggest that high MUFA beef could be included in weight-loss programs since it does not affect weight loss and hasn't a negative influence on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Vela-Vásquez
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Ana M. Sifuentes-Rincón
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
- State Institute of Cancerology of the Health Services of the State of Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
- National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Williams Arellano-Vera
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Víctor Treviño-Alvarado
- School of Medicine, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
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112
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Nguyen AT, Althwab SA, Qiu H, Zbasnik R, Urrea C, Carr TP, Schlegel V. Great Northern Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Lower Cholesterol in Hamsters Fed a High-Saturated-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2022; 152:2080-2087. [PMID: 35511604 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions for high cholesterol, a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, are generally considered before prescribing drugs. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of whole Great Northern beans (wGNBs) and their hull (hGNB) incorporated into a high-saturated-fat (HSF) diet on cholesterol markers and hepatic/small intestinal genes involved in cholesterol regulation. METHODS Each of the 4 groups of 11 male golden Syrian hamsters at 9 wk old were fed a normal-fat [NF; 5% (wt:wt) of soybean oil], HSF [5% (wt:wt) of soybean oil + 10% (wt:wt) of coconut oil], HSF+5% (wt:wt) wGNB, or HSF+0.5% (wt:wt) hGNB diet for 4 wk. Cholesterol markers and expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and absorption were analyzed from plasma, liver, intestinal, and fecal samples. Data were analyzed by 1-factor ANOVA and Pearson correlations. RESULTS Compared with the HSF group, the HSF+wGNB group had 62% and 85% lower plasma and liver cholesterol and 3.6-fold and 1.4-fold greater fecal excretion of neutral sterol and bile acid, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The HSF+hGNB group had 54% lower plasma triglycerides (P < 0.001) and 53% lower liver esterified cholesterol (P = 0.0002) than the HSF group. Compared with the HSF group, the expression of small intestinal Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (Npc1l1), acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (Acat2), and ATP binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 5 (Abcg5) were 75%, 70%, and 49% lower, respectively, and expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgr) was 11.5-fold greater in the HSF+wGNB group (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of wGNBs resulted in lower cholesterol concentration in male hamsters fed an HSF diet by promoting fecal cholesterol excretion, most likely caused by Npc1l1 and Acat2 suppression. The hGNB may partially contribute to the cholesterol-lowering effect of the wGNBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An T Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA.,Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Dalat University, Dalat, Vietnam
| | - Sami A Althwab
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haowen Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Richard Zbasnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Carlos Urrea
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, USA
| | - Timothy P Carr
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Vicki Schlegel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
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113
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Park S, Jang M, Park MY, Kim J, Shin S. Interactive effects of the low-carbohydrate diet score and genetic risk score on Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia among Korean adults: A cross-sectional analysis from the Ansan and Ansung Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3106-3116. [PMID: 36171780 PMCID: PMC9469851 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the interaction between the genetic risk score (GRS) and abnormal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol lipid levels, which are modified by low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and their effects on the prevalence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (hypo-HDL-C) in Korean adults. Baseline data were obtained from the Ansan and Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), conducted from 2001 to 2002, that targeted 8,314 Korean adults aged 40-69 years, including old men (47.6%) and women (52.4%), and whole genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed. We identified 18 SNPs significantly associated with hypo-HDL-C in the proximity of several genes, including LPL, APOA5, LIPC, and CETP, and calculated the GRS. The low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) was calculated on the basis of energy intake information from food frequency questionnaires. Furthermore, we performed multivariable-adjusted logistic modeling to examine the odds ratio (OR) for hypo-HDL-C across tertiles of LCDS and GRS, adjusted for several covariates. Among participants in the highest GRS tertile, those in the highest tertile of the LCDS had a significantly lower risk of hypo-HDL-C (OR: 0.759, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.625-0.923) than those in the lowest tertile of the LCDS. In the joint effect model, the group with the lowest GRS and highest LCDS was found to have the lowest risk of hypo-HDL-C prevalence. This study suggests that individuals with a high genetic risk for low HDL concentrations may have a beneficial effect on a lower intake of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoHyun Park
- Department of Food and NutritionChung‐Ang UniversityGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Min‐Jae Jang
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyNYU College of DentistryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jun‐Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and NutritionChung‐Ang UniversityGyeonggi‐doKorea
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114
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Duarte AC, Spiazzi BF, Zingano CP, Merello EN, Wayerbacher LF, Teixeira PP, Farenzena LP, de Araujo C, Amazarray CR, Colpani V, Gerchman F. The effects of coconut oil on the cardiometabolic profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:83. [PMID: 36045407 PMCID: PMC9429773 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite having a 92% concentration of saturated fatty acid composition, leading to an apparently unfavorable lipid profile, body weight and glycemic effect, coconut oil is consumed worldwide. Thus, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to analyze the effect of coconut oil intake on different cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and LILACS for RCTs conducted prior to April 2022. We included RCTs that compared effects of coconut oil intake with other substances on anthropometric and metabolic profiles in adults published in all languages, and excluded non-randomized trials and short follow-up studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the RoB 2 tool and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Where possible, we performed meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Results We included seven studies in the meta-analysis (n = 515; 50% females, follow up from 4 weeks to 2 years). The amount of coconut oil consumed varied and is expressed differently among studies: 12 to 30 ml of coconut oil/day (n = 5), as part of the amount of SFAs or total daily consumed fat (n = 1), a variation of 6 to 54.4 g/day (n = 5), or as part of the total caloric energy intake (15 to 21%) (n = 6). Coconut oil intake did not significantly decrease body weight (MD -0.24 kg, 95% CI -0.83 kg to 0.34 kg), waist circumference (MD -0.64 cm, 95% CI -1.69 cm to 0.41 cm), and % body fat (-0.10%, 95% CI -0.56% to 0.36%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD -1.67 mg/dL, 95% CI -6.93 to 3.59 mg/dL), and triglyceride (TG) levels (MD -0.24 mg/dL, 95% CI -5.52 to 5.04 mg/dL). However, coconut oil intake was associated with a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD 3.28 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.66 to 5.90 mg/dL). Overall risk of bias was high, and certainty of evidence was very-low. Study limitations include the heterogeneity of intervention methods, in addition to small samples and short follow-ups, which undermine the effects of dietary intervention in metabolic parameters. Conclusions Coconut oil intake revealed no clinically relevant improvement in lipid profile and body composition compared to other oils/fats. Strategies to advise the public on the consumption of other oils, not coconut oil, due to proven cardiometabolic benefits should be implemented. Registration PROSPERO CRD42018081461. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01685-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Duarte
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Frison Spiazzi
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pires Zingano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Nunes Merello
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Fink Wayerbacher
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Portal Teixeira
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Penso Farenzena
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carina de Araujo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Raya Amazarray
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Verônica Colpani
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Research Projects Office, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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115
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Cohen SS, Bylsma LC, Movva N, Alexander DD. Theoretical attributable risk analysis and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) based on increased dairy consumption. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1625. [PMID: 36030208 PMCID: PMC9420283 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of modifiable risk factors that may impact chronic disease risk is critical to public health. Our study objective was to conduct a theoretical population attributable risk analysis to estimate the burden of disease from low dairy intake and to estimate the impact of increased dairy intake on United States (US)-based disability adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify statistically significant summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) from recent meta-analyses of dairy consumption and key chronic disease outcomes. The SRREs were applied to preventive fractions using a range of categories (low to high) for population consumption of dairy products. The preventive fraction estimates were then applied to the number of DALYs for each health outcome in the US based on 2019 WHO estimates. The population attributable risk proportion estimates were calculated using the inverse of the SRRE from each meta-analysis using the same range of categories of consumption. These values were subsequently applied to the DALYs estimates to estimate the theoretical burden of disease attributable to low dairy intake. RESULTS Statistically significant SRREs were identified in recent meta-analyses of total dairy consumption in relation to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), stroke, and hypertension. In this theoretical analysis, nearly 850,000 DALYs (or 5.0% of estimated years of healthy life lost) due to CVD and 200,000 DALYs (4.5%) due to T2D may be prevented by increased dairy consumption. Approximately 100,000 DALYs due to breast cancer (7.5%) and approximately 120,000 DALYs (8.5%) due to colorectal cancer may be prevented by high dairy intake. The numbers of DALYs for stroke and hypertension that may be prevented by increased dairy consumption were approximately 210,000 (6.0%) and 74,000 (5.5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of dairy products has been associated with decreased risk of multiple chronic diseases of significant public health importance. The burden of disease that may potentially be prevented by increasing dairy consumption is substantial, and population-wide improvement in meeting recommended daily dairy intake goals could have a notable public health impact. However, this analysis is theoretical, and thus additional studies providing empirical evidence are needed to further clarify potential relationships between dairy intake and various health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Cohen
- EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies, Inc., 1249 Kildaire Farm Road #134, Cary, NC, 27511, USA.
| | - Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies, Inc., 1249 Kildaire Farm Road #134, Cary, NC, 27511, USA
| | - Naimisha Movva
- EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies, Inc., 1249 Kildaire Farm Road #134, Cary, NC, 27511, USA
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116
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Effects of Production Systems and Seasons on Retail-Goat-Milk Fatty-Acid Composition and Nutritional Indices in Greece. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172204. [PMID: 36077924 PMCID: PMC9454797 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The consumption of goat milk is constantly increasing. However, there are not many studies on the nutritional profile of retail goat milk. This study examined the effects of production systems (conventional and organic) and seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) on the fatty acid composition and nutritional indices related to the healthy fat consumption of fluid goat milk sold in the supermarkets. The production system did not significantly affect milk fatty-acid composition nor its nutritional value, whereas seasonal effects were observed. Overall, retail goat milk had a desirable nutritional value, irrespective of production system and season. Abstract An increased consumer interest in goat milk has been registered in recent years due to its health-related benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of production systems and seasons on fatty-acid composition and nutritional indices for the healthy fat consumption of retail goat milk. The study lasted one year, and milk samples (n = 160) from 14 brands (10 conventional and 4 organic) were collected on a monthly basis. Organic milk had a marginally lower fat and protein content compared with conventionally produced milk according to the declared chemical composition. The production system did not significantly affect milk fatty-acid composition and its nutritional value, indicating that there were no major differences in the feeding strategies between conventionally and organically raised ewes. Seasonal effects were observed in the fatty-acid profile and the nutritional indices. Lower content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H) and linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) ratio values were observed in summer. Retail goat milk had a desirable nutritional value, irrespective of production system and season, due to the following characteristics: low atherogenic index (AI) and LA/ALA ratio values, and high h/H ratio, desirable fatty acid (DFA) values and health-promoting index values. In conclusion, neither production nor season significantly impacted the fatty-acid composition and the fat-consumption nutritional indices of retail goat milk produced in Greece.
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117
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Kan HW, Ho YC, Chang YS, Hsieh YL. SEPT9 Upregulation in Satellite Glial Cells Associated with Diabetic Polyneuropathy in a Type 2 Diabetes-like Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169372. [PMID: 36012625 PMCID: PMC9409324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the worldwide prevalence and severe complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are poorly understood. Beyond strict control of glucose levels, clinical trials for reversing DPN have largely failed. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying DPN is crucial. Accordingly, this study explored biochemical and neuropathological deficits in a rat model of T2DM induced through high-fat diet (HFD) feeding along with two low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections; the deficits were explored through serum lipid, neurobehavioral, neurophysiology, neuropathology, and immunohistochemistry examinations. Our HFD/STZ protocol induced (1) mechanical hyperalgesia and depression-like behaviors, (2) loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) and reduced axonal diameters in sural nerves, and (3) decreased compound muscle action potential. In addition to hyperglycemia, which was correlated with the degree of mechanical hyperalgesia and loss of IENFs, we observed that hypertriglyceridemia was the most dominant deficit in the lipid profiles of the diabetic rats. In particular, SEPT9, the fourth component of the cytoskeleton, increased in the satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in the T2DM-like rats. The number of SEPT9(+) SGCs/DRG was correlated with serum glucose levels and mechanical thresholds. Our findings indicate the putative molecular mechanism underlying DPN, which presumably involves the interaction of SGCs and DRG neurons; nevertheless, further functional research is warranted to clarify the role of SEPT9 in DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.K.); (Y.-L.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (H.-W.K.); +886-7-3121101 (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.K.); (Y.-L.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (H.-W.K.); +886-7-3121101 (Y.-L.H.)
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118
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Wongsirojkul N, Masuta A, Shimokawa N, Takagi M. Control of Line Tension at Phase-Separated Lipid Domain Boundaries: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids with Different Chain Lengths and Osmotic Pressure. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080781. [PMID: 36005696 PMCID: PMC9415386 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Line tension at phase-separated lipid domain boundaries is an important factor that governs the stability of the phase separation. We studied the control of the line tension in lipid membranes composed of dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC), dipalmitoylphosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol (Chol) by the addition of the following three monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with different chain lengths: palmitoleic acid (PaA), oleic acid (OA), and eicosenoic acid (EiA). In addition, we attempted to alter the line tension by applying osmotic pressure. The phase behavior of the MUFA-containing lipid membranes in the presence and absence of osmotic stress was observed by fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The line tension was quantitatively measured from the domain boundary fluctuation by flicker spectroscopy, and the interactions between the lipids and MUFAs were examined by differential scanning calorimetry. PaA and OA, which are shorter MUFAs, decreased the line tension, whereas EiA changed the liquid domain to a solid domain. The osmotic pressure increased the line tension, even in the presence of MUFAs. It may be possible to control the line tension by combining the chemical approach of MUFA addition and the physical approach of applying osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masahiro Takagi
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.T.); Tel.: +81-761-51-1650 (M.T.)
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119
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Araújo SP, da Silva A, Bressan J, Juvanhol LL, Castro LCV, Hermsdorff HHM. Fat Intake and High Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Individuals at Cardiometabolic Risk: An Isocaloric Substitution Analyses. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022; 42:452-458. [PMID: 35939090 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2064001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a potential IR biomarker. Evidence also suggests that fat intake may modulate IR status, but this relationship remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between the TyG index and isocaloric replacement of macronutrients, including the profile of dietary fatty acids in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. This cross-sectional study enrolled 264 individuals at cardiometabolic risk (age 43.1 ± 16.3 years) who participated in a nutritional intervention study (ReBEC, id: RBR-5n4y2g). The baseline demographic, anthropometric, clinical, dietary, and lifestyle data were used. The TyG index was calculated using the formula ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariate nutrient density models were used to analyze isocaloric replacement of fatty acids (as 5% of energy). The chance of having a high TyG index (TyG index >8.83, median value) was decreased by 60% after replacing 5% of the energy intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and trans fatty acid (TFA) with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or PUFA and SFA with protein. Isocaloric replacement of PUFA, SFA, and TFA with MUFA and protein was associated with lower chances of having a high TyG index. These results indicate the importance of macronutrient and dietary fat profiles in the dietary planning of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susilane Pereira Araújo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Niforou A, Magriplis E, Klinaki E, Niforou K, Naska A. On account of trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk - There is still need to upgrade the knowledge and educate consumers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1811-1818. [PMID: 35753860 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are unsaturated lipids either of industrial origin or naturally occurring in ruminant meat and milk. TFAs generated through food processing (industrial) is the main source in our diet and studies provide converging evidence on their negative effect on cardiovascular health. Since April 2021, the European Commission has put into effect a regulation for TFAs providing maximum 2% of total fat in all industrially produced foods. In light of this development, we review the evidence regarding the health attributes of different types of TFAs, their dietary sources and current intakes, and we describe the history of TFA-related legislative actions in an attempt to anticipate the efficiency of new measures. DATA SYNTHESIS The PubMed database was searched including original research (observational and intervention studies), systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Scientific reports of competent authorities and organizations have also been screened. CONCLUSIONS Trans-fat elimination provides a fine example of how evidence has led to the application of horizontal regulatory measures regarding legal food ingredients in order to protect consumers' health. In EU Member States, TFAs currently provide on average less than 1% of energy (1%E) and intakes marginally exceed recommendations primarily among young adults. Large dietary surveys however provide evidence for additional, less-well known sources of TFAs in the diet. Raising public awareness of "hidden" trans-fat found naturally in foods such as cheese, as well as of the trans-fat generated through traditional cooking practices is needed, if the goal to eliminate trans-fat from the diet is to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Klinaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Yang ZH, Nill K, Takechi-Haraya Y, Playford MP, Nguyen D, Yu ZX, Pryor M, Tang J, Rojulpote KV, Mehta NN, Wen H, Remaley AT. Differential Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Soybean Oil Enriched in Oleic Acid versus Linoleic Acid on Plasma Lipids and Atherosclerosis in LDLR-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158385. [PMID: 35955518 PMCID: PMC9369370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Both monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in lipid metabolism, and diets enriched with either of these two fatty acids are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. Conventional soybean oil (CSO), a common food ingredient, predominantly contains linoleic acid (LA; C18:2), a n-6 PUFA. Recently, a modified soybean oil (MSO) enriched in oleic acid (C18:1), a n-9 MUFA, has been developed, because of its improved chemical stability to oxidation. However, the effect of the different dietary soybean oils on cardiovascular disease remains unknown. To test whether diets rich in CSO versus MSO would attenuate atherosclerosis development, LDL receptor knock-out (LDLR-KO) mice were fed a Western diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (control), or a Western diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) LA-rich CSO or high-oleic MSO for 12 weeks. Both soybean oils contained a similar amount of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). The CSO diet decreased plasma lipid levels and the cholesterol content of VLDL and LDL by approximately 18% (p < 0.05), likely from increased hepatic levels of PUFA, which favorably regulated genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. The MSO diet, but not the CSO diet, suppressed atherosclerotic plaque size compared to the Western control diet (Control Western diet: 6.5 ± 0.9%; CSO diet: 6.4 ± 0.7%; MSO diet: 4.0 ± 0.5%) (p < 0.05), independent of plasma lipid level changes. The MSO diet also decreased the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in the liver (Control Western diet: 4.5 ± 0.2; CSO diet: 6.1 ± 0.2; MSO diet: 2.9 ± 0.2) (p < 0.05), which correlated with favorable hepatic gene expression changes in lipid metabolism and markers of systemic inflammation. In conclusion, supplementation of the Western diet with MSO, but not CSO, reduced atherosclerosis development in LDLR-KO mice independent of changes in plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-496-6220
| | - Kimball Nill
- Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council, 1020 Innovation Lane, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;
| | - Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.P.P.); (N.N.M.)
| | - David Nguyen
- Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.P.P.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Han Wen
- Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
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Holder M, Kapellen T, Ziegler R, Bürger-Büsing J, Danne T, Dost A, Holl RW, Holterhus PM, Karges B, Kordonouri O, Lange K, Müller S, Raile K, Schweizer R, von Sengbusch S, Stachow R, Wagner V, Wiegand S, Neu A. Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-Up of Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:S49-S79. [PMID: 35913059 DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holder
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Germany
| | - Thomas Kapellen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Ziegler
- Practice for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Focus on Diabetology, Münster, Germany
| | - Jutta Bürger-Büsing
- Association of Diabetic Children and Adolescents, Diabetes Center, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Danne
- Children's and Youth Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Dost
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Department of General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus, Germany
| | - Beate Karges
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Section, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Olga Kordonouri
- Children's and Youth Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Lange
- Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Klemens Raile
- Virchow Hospital, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Schweizer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone von Sengbusch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rainer Stachow
- Sylt Specialist Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Westerland, Germany
| | - Verena Wagner
- Joint Practice for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Neu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
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Wilcox MD, Chater PI, Stanforth KJ, Williams R, Brownlee IA, Pearson JP. A Pilot Pre and Post 4 Week Intervention Evaluating the Effect of a Proprietary, Powdered, Plant Based Food on Micronutrient Status, Dietary Intake, and Markers of Health in a Healthy Adult Population. Front Nutr 2022; 9:945622. [PMID: 35903454 PMCID: PMC9315961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.945622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A "balanced, adequate, and varied diet" is recommended as the basis of nutritionally sound diet by the World Health Organisation and national public health agencies. Huel is a proprietary, on-the-go, powdered, plant based food, providing all 26 essential vitamins and minerals, protein, essential fats, carbohydrate, fibre, and phytonutrients. Objectives Assessing the effect of solely consuming Huel on micronutrient status, dietary intake and markers of health was achieved through a 4-week intervention of solely Huel powder. Methods Habitual energy intake was assessed through a one-week lead in period with healthy adult participants (aged 18 or over) logging their food intake, after which only Huel was consumed for 4 weeks. Blood samples and body composition was assessed before and after the lead in week as well the end of the intervention. Thirty participants were recruited with 20 (11 females, median age 31, range 22-44) completing the study, 19 sets of blood samples were collected. 22 blood markers were analysed along with weight, BMI, waist circumference, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and body composition. All blood micronutrients, except for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and choline were sent to Royal Victoria Infirmary NHS, Newcastle Laboratory (Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom) for analysis. Results Fourteen of the parameters significantly changed over the course of the study with circulating haemoglobin, iron, vitamins B12 and D as well as selenium significantly increasing (p < 0.05). HbA1c, total and non-HDL cholesterol, vitamins A and E, potassium, BMI, VAT, and waist circumference all significantly decreased (p < 0.05) post intervention. Conclusion Although energy intake decreased during the intervention period, the adherence to recommended micronutrient intake, as quantified by the dietary Total Adherence Score, significantly increased which tallies with the preservation or improvement of micronutrient status. This study potentially demonstrates that consuming only Huel for 4 weeks does not negatively affect micronutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wilcox
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Aelius Biotech Ltd., The Biosphere, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Matthew D. Wilcox,
| | - Peter I. Chater
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Aelius Biotech Ltd., The Biosphere, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle J. Stanforth
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Aelius Biotech Ltd., The Biosphere, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain A. Brownlee
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey P. Pearson
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Aelius Biotech Ltd., The Biosphere, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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124
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Schneider S, Biggerstaff DL, Barber TM. Helpful or harmful? The impact of the ketogenic diet on eating disorder outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:319-331. [PMID: 35748612 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2089112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating disorders (EDs) are common complications in people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D), given the rigid focus on food and insulin dose adjustment. Dietary recommendations for T1D match those for the general population, yet many fail to achieve target HbA1c. Evidence suggests that lower carbohydrate meals and thus reduced insulin requirements may decrease inconsistencies in insulin absorption, maintain euglycemia and weight. Dietary restriction is a recognized risk factor for ED development, and Ketogenic Diets (KD) involve restriction of common family-based foods, thus impacting social normality and microbiome diversity. We reviewed the current literature on PwT1D following a KD to understand effects on ED risks. AREAS COVERED Published data from MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were used. Search terms included: type 1 diabetes mellitus; or insulin dependent diabetes or T1D AND EDs or anorexia or bulimia or disordered eating AND low-carbohydrate diet or carbohydrate restricted diet or low carb diet or ketogenic diet. EXPERT OPINION Research into the effects of KDs on ED outcomes in PwT1D are limited, given the concerns over risks of diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Longer term studies on the participants' experience and motivations of adhering or admonishing the diet are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Schneider
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Deborah L Biggerstaff
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
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125
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Fu J, Sun C, Chang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Fang Y. Structure analysis and quality evaluation of plant-based meat analogs. J Texture Stud 2022. [PMID: 35711124 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The growing world's population increases the demand of proteins. Meat products as the major source of high protein food are facing environmental impacts and animal welfare issues. Therefore, plant-based meat analogs are developed and gain a foothold in global markets. The structure design, sensory attributes and nutrient characteristics of meat analogs are crucial points to match the real meat. This review aimed to systematically introduce the structural analysis methods and evaluate meat analog products from quality-related attributes. First, various strategies of analyzing the fibrous structure of meat analogs were illustrated, including microscopic imaging and several optical techniques. Then, representative techniques such as NMR and AFM-IR for analyzing the distribution of moisture and lipid in meat analogs are introduced. In terms of quality, we elaborated on the texture and sensory evaluation methods and dialectically analyzed meat analogs' nutrition, which can provide a guidance for the advanced development of meat analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Chang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saiya Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The association between a dietary pattern characterised by high alcohol intake and dyslipidaemia has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol dietary patterns and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2171 men and women aged ≥40 years who were alumni of a Japanese university. To identify dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was performed based on the energy-adjusted food intake estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified, the second of which was named the alcohol dietary pattern and was characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish. This alcohol dietary pattern was associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol levels. The fully adjusted OR (95 % CI) of high LDL-cholesterol for the lowest through highest quartile of alcohol dietary pattern score were 1·00 (reference), 0·83 (0·64, 1·08), 0·84 (0·64, 1·10) and 0·68 (0·49, 0·94), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in women, whereas it was positively associated with high TAG levels in men. In conclusion, the alcohol dietary pattern, characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish, was associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This finding provides useful information for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia by modifying the diet.
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127
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Borges MC, Haycock PC, Zheng J, Hemani G, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Hingorani AD, Lawlor DA. Role of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases risk: analysis using Mendelian randomization and fatty acid genetic association data from over 114,000 UK Biobank participants. BMC Med 2022; 20:210. [PMID: 35692035 PMCID: PMC9190170 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite early interest in the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), there is still substantial controversy and uncertainty on the evidence linking PUFA to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We investigated the effect of plasma concentration of omega-3 PUFA (i.e. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total omega-3 PUFA) and omega-6 PUFA (i.e. linoleic acid and total omega-6 PUFA) on the risk of CVDs using Mendelian randomization. METHODS We conducted the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating PUFA to date including a sample of 114,999 individuals and incorporated these data in a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework to investigate the involvement of circulating PUFA on a wide range of CVDs in up to 1,153,768 individuals of European ancestry (i.e. coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, aortic aneurysm, venous thromboembolism and aortic valve stenosis). RESULTS GWAS identified between 46 and 64 SNPs for the four PUFA traits, explaining 4.8-7.9% of circulating PUFA variance and with mean F statistics >100. Higher genetically predicted DHA (and total omega-3 fatty acids) concentration was related to higher risk of some cardiovascular endpoints; however, these findings did not pass our criteria for multiple testing correction and were attenuated when accounting for LDL-cholesterol through multivariable Mendelian randomization or excluding SNPs in the vicinity of the FADS locus. Estimates for the relation between higher genetically predicted linoleic acid (and total omega-6) concentration were inconsistent across different cardiovascular endpoints and Mendelian randomization methods. There was weak evidence of higher genetically predicted linoleic acid being related to lower risk of ischemic stroke and peripheral artery disease when accounting by LDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS We have conducted the largest GWAS of circulating PUFA to date and the most comprehensive Mendelian randomization analyses. Overall, our Mendelian randomization findings do not support a protective role of circulating PUFA concentration on the risk of CVDs. However, horizontal pleiotropy via lipoprotein-related traits could be a key source of bias in our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Philip C Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- MRC Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- UCL NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Puntawonnawin C, Ruknetrsakhon P, Rattanapairoj T, Kaenthong S, Thongrod W, Jiamjariyatam R. Application of Bioactive Compounds from Lotus ( Nelumbo Nucifera) Petals in Gummy Jelly Products. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2083039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonticha Puntawonnawin
- Office of quality assurance, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sirinun Kaenthong
- Department of General Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
| | - Weena Thongrod
- Department of General Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
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Effects of selenium nanoparticle on the growth performance and nutritional quality in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268348. [PMID: 35653406 PMCID: PMC9162325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an important micronutrient that has antioxidant, growth potential, and reproduction enhancement abilities in various organisms. The aquaculture industry is a significant contributor towards meeting the dietary requirements of a majority of the global population, which further warrants developing novel approaches for enhancing the production of dietary fish. This study was performed to assess the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings (1 gm in average weight and 2.75 cm in average length) upon nano-selenium (Se-Nps) supplementation. Nanoselenium was synthesized using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a 10-hour dry milling technique at 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio (BPR), size characterized by XRD and TEM, followed by mixing with basal feed in desired concentrations (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg) and administration to Nile tilapia fingerlings for 30 days, followed by the evaluation of growth performance parameters, fatty acid profile analysis using GC-MS, and nutritional quality index (NQI): [Thrombogenicity Index (IT), Atherogenicity Index (IA), n-3/n-6, n-6/n-3)]. Nile tilapia supplemented with 1 mg/kg Se-Nps showed improved growth performance (RGR: 1576.04%, SGR: 4.70%, and FCR: 1.91), demonstrated by higher survivability (> 95%), isometric growth (coefficient of allometry, b = 2.81), and higher weight gain compared to control (RGR: 680.41%, SGR: 3.42%, and FCR: 1.31), 0.5 mg/kg Se-Nps (RGR: 770.83%, SGR: 3.61%, and FCR: 1.18) and 2 mg/kg Se-Nps (RGR: 383.67%, SGR: 2.63%, and FCR: 1.22). The average length-weight relationship assessed as the condition factor (K) was highest in the 1 mg/kg Se-Nps group compared to others (p < 0.05). GC-MS analysis revealed that Nile tilapia supplemented with 1 mg/kg Se-Nps showed better meat quality, higher amount of n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, high PUFA/SAFA ratios (1.35) and n-3/n-6 (0.33) ratios, with low atherogenicity index (0.36) and thrombogenic index (0.44), and relatively low n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio (3.00) compared to other groups. Overall, Se-Nps supplementation at 1 mg/kg enhanced the growth performance and meat quality in Nile tilapia, and therefore could be a potential growth-promoting micronutrient for aquaculture enhancement.
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Rauf A, Akram M, Anwar H, Daniyal M, Munir N, Bawazeer S, Bawazeer S, Rebezov M, Bouyahya A, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Sarsembenova O, Mabkhot YN, Islam MN, Emran TB, Hodak S, Zengin G, Khan H. Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: latest updates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40281-40301. [PMID: 35320475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the most common form of dyslipidemia, is the main source of cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in peripheral blood. It is caused by a defect in lipid metabolism in the surface of Apoprotein C-II or a defect in lipoprotein lipase activity as well as reported in genetic, dietary and environmental factors. Several electronic databases were investigated as information sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Semantic Scholar, MEDLINE and CNKI Scholar. The current review focused on the risk factors of dyslipidemia, synthetic medication with their side effects and different types of medicinal plants having significant potential for the management of hyperlipidemia. The management of hyperlipidemia mostly involves a constant decrease in lipid level using different remedial drugs like statin, fibrate, bile acid sequestrates and niacin. However, this extensive review suggested that the consequences of these drugs are arguable, due to their numerous adverse effects. The selected parts of herb plants are used intact or their extracts containing active phytoconstituents to regulate the lipids in blood level. It was also noted that the Chinese herbal medicine and combination therapy is promising for the lowering of hyperlipidemia. This review intends to provide a scientific base for future endeavors, such as in-depth biological and chemical investigations into previously researched topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sergey Hodak
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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Knutsen TM, Olsen HG, Ketto IA, Sundsaasen KK, Kohler A, Tafintseva V, Svendsen M, Kent MP, Lien S. Genetic variants associated with two major bovine milk fatty acids offer opportunities to breed for altered milk fat composition. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:35. [PMID: 35619070 PMCID: PMC9137198 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although bovine milk is regarded as healthy and nutritious, its high content of saturated fatty acids (FA) may be harmful to cardiovascular health. Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the predominant saturated FA in milk with adverse health effects that could be countered by substituting it with higher levels of unsaturated FA, such as oleic acid (C18:1cis-9). In this work, we performed genome-wide association analyses for milk fatty acids predicted from FTIR spectroscopy data using 1811 Norwegian Red cattle genotyped and imputed to a high-density 777k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array. In a follow-up analysis, we used imputed whole-genome sequence data to detect genetic variants that are involved in FTIR-predicted levels of C16:0 and C18:1cis-9 and explore the transcript profile and protein level of candidate genes. Results Genome-wise significant associations were detected for C16:0 on Bos taurus (BTA) autosomes 11, 16 and 27, and for C18:1cis-9 on BTA5, 13 and 19. Closer examination of a significant locus on BTA11 identified the PAEP gene, which encodes the milk protein β-lactoglobulin, as a particularly attractive positional candidate gene. At this locus, we discovered a tightly linked cluster of genetic variants in coding and regulatory sequences that have opposing effects on the levels of C16:0 and C18:1cis-9. The favourable haplotype, linked to reduced levels of C16:0 and increased levels of C18:1cis-9 was also associated with a marked reduction in PAEP expression and β-lactoglobulin protein levels. β-lactoglobulin is the most abundant whey protein in milk and lower levels are associated with important dairy production parameters such as improved cheese yield. Conclusions The genetic variants detected in this study may be used in breeding to produce milk with an improved FA health-profile and enhanced cheese-making properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-022-00731-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Gro Olsen
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Isaya Appelesy Ketto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences,, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristil Kindem Sundsaasen
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Matthew Peter Kent
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Lien
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, Manzoor MF, Farooq U, Nadeem HR, Nadeem M, Kanwal R, AbdElgawad H, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Ibrahim SA. Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Potential, and Therapeutic Benefits of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita sp.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1394. [PMID: 35684166 PMCID: PMC9182978 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumpkin is a well-known multifunctional ingredient in the diet, full of nutrients, and has opened new vistas for scientists during the past years. The fruit of pumpkin including the flesh, seed, and peel are a rich source of primary and secondary metabolites, including proteins, carbohydrates, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, tryptophan, delta-7-sterols, and many other phytochemicals. This climber is traditionally used in many countries, such as Austria, Hungary, Mexico, Slovenia, China, Spain, and several Asian and African countries as a functional food and provides health promising properties. Other benefits of pumpkin, such as improving spermatogenesis, wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-ulcerative properties, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have also been confirmed by researchers. For better drug delivery, nanoemulsions and niosomes made from pumpkin seeds have also been reported as a health promising tool, but further research is still required in this field. This review mainly focuses on compiling and summarizing the most relevant literature to highlight the nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Batool
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | | | - Ume Roobab
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | | | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 59300, Pakistan;
| | - Hafiz Rehan Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 59300, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.M.A.N.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Rabia Kanwal
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Li J, Pan W, Qian J, Ni Y, Fu J, Ni S. Metabolomic Differential Compounds Reflecting the Clinical Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in the Treatment of Childhood Growth Hormone Deficiency. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864058. [PMID: 35571140 PMCID: PMC9092529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding metabolite profiles may aid in providing a reference for individualized treatment using PEG-rhGH. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PEG-rhGH in treating GHD patients by using a metabolomic approach. Fifty-seven pediatric participants treated with PEG-rhGH were enrolled (28 GHD patients with high clinical efficacy and 29 GHD patients with lower clinical efficacy). Serum samples from all patients were first collected at baseline for biochemical detection; then metabolite levels were measured using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The candidates included heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, D-galactose, dodecanoic acid, and oleic acid. The related metabolic pathways involved fatty acid metabolism and energy metabolism. This study suggested that growth gains of PEG-rhGH treatment might be differentiated by altered serum levels of fatty acid. Collectively, the metabolomic study provides unique insights into the use of PEG-rhGH as a therapeutic strategy for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- National Clinical Trial Institute, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Qian
- National Clinical Trial Institute, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Ni
- National Clinical Trial Institute, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ormston S, Davis H, Butler G, Chatzidimitriou E, Gordon AW, Theodoridou K, Huws S, Yan T, Leifert C, Stergiadis S. Performance and milk quality parameters of Jersey crossbreds in low-input dairy systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7550. [PMID: 35534492 PMCID: PMC9085769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated some benefit from alternative breeds in low-input dairying, although there has been no systematic analysis of the simultaneous effect of Jersey crossbreeding on productivity, health, fertility parameters or milk nutritional quality. This work aimed to understand the effects of, and interactions/interrelations between, dairy cow genotypes (Holstein-Friesian (HF), Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbreds (HF × J)) and season (spring, summer, autumn) on milk yield; basic composition; feed efficiency, health, and fertility parameters; and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles. Milk samples (n = 219) and breed/diet data were collected from 74 cows in four UK low-input dairy farms between March and October 2012. HF × J cows produced milk with more fat (+ 3.2 g/kg milk), protein (+ 2.9 g/kg milk) and casein (+ 2.7 g/kg milk); and showed higher feed, fat, and protein efficiency (expressed as milk, fat and protein outputs per kg DMI) than HF cows. Milk from HF × J cows contained more C4:0 (+ 2.6 g/kg FA), C6:0 (+ 1.9 g/kg FA), C8:0 (+ 1.3 g/kg FA), C10:0 (+ 3.0 g/kg FA), C12:0 (+ 3.7 g/kg FA), C14:0 (+ 4.6 g/kg FA) and saturated FA (SFA; + 27.3 g/kg milk) and less monounsaturated FA (MUFA; -23.7 g/kg milk) and polyunsaturated FA (− 22.3 g/kg milk). There was no significant difference for most health and fertility parameters, but HF × J cows had shorter calving interval (by 39 days). The superior feed, fat and protein efficiency of HF × J cows, as well as shorter calving interval can be considered beneficial for the financial sustainability of low-input dairy farms; and using such alternative breeds in crossbreeding schemes may be recommended. Although statistically significant, it is difficult to determine if differences observed between HF and HF × J cows in fat composition are likely to impact human health, considering average population dairy fat intakes and the relatively small difference. Thus, the HF × J cow could be used in low-input dairying to improve efficiency and productivity without impacting milk nutritional properties.
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135
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Ushula TW, Mamun A, Darssan D, Wang WYS, Williams GM, Whiting SJ, Najman JM. Dietary patterns and the risk of abnormal blood lipids among young adults: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1165-1174. [PMID: 35260316 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The extent to which dietary patterns influence the risk of abnormal blood lipids throughout young adulthood remains unclear. The aim was to investigate whether early young adulthood dietary patterns predict the risk of abnormal blood lipids during later young adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from a long running birth cohort study in Australia. Western dietary pattern rich in meats, processed foods and high-fat dairy products and prudent pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, whole grains and low-fat dairy products were derived using principal component analysis at the 21-year follow-up from dietary data obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. After 9-years, fasting blood samples of all participants were collected and their total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Abnormal blood lipids were based on clinical cut-offs for total, LDL and HDL cholesterols, and TG and relative distributions for total:HDL and TG:HDL cholesterols ratios. Log-binomial models were used to estimate risk of each outcome in relation to dietary patterns. Greater adherence to the Western pattern predicted increased risks of high LDL (RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.03) and TG (1.90; 1.25, 2.86), and high ratios of total:HDL (1.48; 1.00, 2.19) and TG:HDL (1.78; 1.18, 2.70) cholesterols in fully adjusted models. Conversely, a prudent pattern predicted reduced risks of low HDL (0.58; 0.42, 0.78) and high TG (0.66; 0.47, 0.92) and high total:HDL (0.71; 0.51, 0.98) and TG:HDL (0.61; 0.45, 0.84) cholesterols ratios. CONCLUSION This is the first prospective study to show greater adherence to unhealthy Western diet predicted increased risks of abnormal blood lipids, whereas healthy prudent diet predicted lower such risks in young adults. Addressing diets in early course may improve cardiovascular health of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa W Ushula
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia; Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD 4068, Australia; The ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD 4068, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Darsy Darssan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - William Y S Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
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136
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Jiang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Deng S. “Big Data” Approaches for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:810152. [PMID: 35571045 PMCID: PMC9095427 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the concurrence of multiple metabolic disorders resulting in the increased risk of a variety of diseases related to disrupted metabolism homeostasis. The prevalence of MetS has reached a pandemic level worldwide. In recent years, extensive amount of data have been generated throughout the research targeted or related to the condition with techniques including high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence, and with these “big data”, the prevention of MetS could be pushed to an earlier stage with different data source, data mining tools and analytic tools at different levels. In this review we briefly summarize the recent advances in the study of “big data” applications in the three-level disease prevention for MetS, and illustrate how these technologies could contribute tobetter preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Jiang
- Department of United Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuanglin Deng
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanglin Deng,
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137
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Wang J, Lv S, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Zhu H, Yan G, Wu Y, Ma Y. The association between low carbohydrate diet scores and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adults. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-39. [PMID: 35443899 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on the association between the low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and cardiovascular disease risk factors have limited and inconsistent results. Data are from the baseline survey of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases. A total of 4609 adults aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Dietary data were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate relationships of three LCD scores with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), high blood pressure, and hyperuricemia after adjusting for potential confounders. A higher LCD score was negatively associated with low HDL-C [OR (95%CI): 0.65 (0.50, 0.83), P=0.0001] and IFG [OR (95%CI): 0.65 (0.51, 0.81), P=0.001] after the final adjustment. However, there are gender differences in this result. Males in the highest quintile of the animal-based or plant-based LCD scores showed a decreased risk of low HDL-C, and females in the highest quintile of the animal-based or plant-based LCD scores showed a decreased risk of IFG than those in the lowest quintile of the LCD scores. These results suggest that gender differences should be considered when using LCD to treat dyslipidemia and reduce fasting blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuaishuai Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huichen Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guochao Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wu MY, Du MH, Wen H, Wang WQ, Tang J, Shen LR. Effects of n-6 PUFA-rich soybean oil, MUFA-rich olive oil and camellia seed oil on weight and cardiometabolic profiles among Chinese women: a 3-month double-blind randomized controlled-feeding trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:4375-4383. [PMID: 35389391 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat is beneficial for cardiometabolic health. However, research that directly compares the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) is rare. The present 3-month, three-arm, randomized, controlled-feeding trial aimed to investigate the effects of n-6 PUFA- and MUFA-rich cooking oils on body weight and cardiometabolic profiles among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women at high cardiovascular risk. Ninety participants were recruited and randomly assigned to groups fed diets using n-6 PUFA-rich soybean oil (SO, n = 30), MUFA-rich olive oil (OO, n = 30), and MUFA-rich camellia seed oil (CSO, n = 30) as cooking oils considering traditional Chinese eating habits for 3 months. Participants were required to eat only the foods provided for lunch and dinner, and avoid intake of edible oils in breakfast. Body weight and cardiovascular profiles were measured at the baseline, middle, and end of the intervention, and group differences in changes of outcomes during intervention were examined by a linear mixed model. We found no significant difference in the changes of body weight among the SO group (mean change, 0.31 kg; 95% CI, -0.88 to 0.27), the OO group (mean change, -0.13 kg; 95% CI, -0.62 to 0.36), and the CSO group (mean change, -0.72 kg; 95% CI, -1.38 to -0.07). For secondary outcomes, the OO group showed a slight increase in HDL cholesterol (P = 0.03), while the CSO group showed greater reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.02) when compared with the SO group. These results suggested that MUFA-rich OO and CSO exerted more favorable effects on cardiometabolic profiles among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women at high cardiovascular risk than the n-6 PUFA-rich SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Meng-Hao Du
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li-Rong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Szterk A, Ofiara K, Strus B, Abdullaev I, Ferenc K, Sady M, Flis S, Gajewski Z. Content of Health-Promoting Fatty Acids in Commercial Sheep, Cow and Goat Cheeses. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081116. [PMID: 35454702 PMCID: PMC9028068 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine samples of different market original sheep cow and goat cheeses, in respect of the content and profile of FA with special emphasis on health-promoting FA. The content of fatty acids in the examined cheeses was highly differentiated and depended on the sort and type of cheese. The content of fatty acid groups in milk fat varied within the limits: SFA, 55.2–67.2%; SCSFA, 10.9–23.4%; BCFA, 1.6–2.9%; MUFA, 15.2–23.4%; PUFA, 1.9–4.3%; trans-MUFA, 1.8–6.0%; and CLA, 1.0–3.1%. From among the examined cheeses, the seasonal sheep cheeses (Oscypek) and mountain cow cheeses were characterized by the highest content of health-promoting fatty acids. The content of health-promoting fatty acids in the fat fraction of these cheeses was CLA 2.1–3.1%, trans-MUFA 3.5–6%, BCFA 2.7–2.9%, and SCSFA 12–18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Szterk
- Transfer of Science Sp. z o.o., Strzygłowska 15, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (B.S.); (I.A.)
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karol Ofiara
- Transfer of Science Sp. z o.o., Strzygłowska 15, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (B.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Bartosz Strus
- Transfer of Science Sp. z o.o., Strzygłowska 15, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (B.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Ilkhom Abdullaev
- Transfer of Science Sp. z o.o., Strzygłowska 15, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (B.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Karolina Ferenc
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Maria Sady
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Sylwia Flis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (Z.G.)
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140
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Feingold KR, Chait A. Approach to patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 37:101658. [PMID: 35487874 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and lowering LDL-C levels reduces the risk of ASCVD. In patients with elevated LDL-C levels it is important to consider whether lifestyle, other medical conditions, medications, or genetic factors could be causing or contributing to the elevation. There are guidelines from various organizations outlining the approach to lowering LDL-C levels but while these guidelines agree on many issues there are numerous areas where recommendations are discordant. In this review, we outline several principles that will help in deciding who and how to treat patients with elevated LDL-C levels. Specifically, we discuss evidence indicating that the sooner one initiates therapy the better and the greater the reduction in LDL-C the better. Additionally, the higher the LDL-C level and the higher the risk of ASCVD, the greater the benefits of treatment. Using these principles will help in making decisions regarding the treatment of LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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141
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Adams O O, Oyesola O, Tony E, Blessing O, Kukoyi BI. Effects of combined Garcinia kola and Kigelia africana on Insulin and Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels in type 2 diabetic rats. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e080422203277. [PMID: 35400345 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220408100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports of individual extracts of Garcina kola and Kigelia africana beneficial effects against several factors related with development of diabetes mellitus abound. However, there is still lack of information about the combined effects of these extracts on Insulin and Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic Wistar rats. METHODS Forty-two young male rats (180-200g) were randomly divided into six groups (n=7/group). Diabetes was intraperitoneally induced with 110 mg/kg of nicotinamide constituted in distilled water andfifteen minutes after with 65mg/kg of streptozocin freshly prepared in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH of 4.5) and treated for six weeks as follows: the control rats received either 0.9% normal saline (NS) or 250mg/kg extract by gavage. The remaining animals were diabetic induced and subsequently treated with either NS, graded doses of the extract (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) or 5mg/kg Glibenclamide + 100mg/kg Metformin. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the combined extracts was also analyzed to identify the bioactive compounds present. Insulin, PON-1 levels, lipid profiles and atherogenic index were assessed. RESULTS Our findings show that Insulin and PON-1 levels in the plasma of diabetic rats treated with the combined extracts were significantly increased when compared to the control rats. Moreover, the GCMS of the extract show the presence of both monosaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid) fatty acids. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that the extract may help improve glucose homeostasis, prevent atherosclerosis through established mechanism of the identified bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoaghe Adams O
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oyesola O
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezike Tony
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Omizu Blessing
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Boone I Kukoyi
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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142
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Concentrates from tender coconut water and coconut testa beneficially modulates tissue lipid profiles in high-fat fed rats. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1649-1657. [PMID: 35250088 PMCID: PMC8882753 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study involved feeding of tender coconut water concentrate (TCW) and testa phenolic concentrate (PHE) to high fat fed animals. Analysis of serum showed increased HDL-C in concentrates treated group and therefore higher protection against atherogenesis compared to high fat fed group. Lesser fecal fat content and higher level of liver cholesterol were observed in high fat fed group, treatments with TCW and PHE ameliorated significantly. Fat content in the organs (liver, heart, kidney and adipose) of HFD group was high. Furthermore, certain fatty acids observed in the tissues were 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:0, 20:3 and 20:4, among which 14:0, 16:0 & 18:0 are the major saturated fatty acids that increased significantly in high fat fed group when compared with starch fed group and ameliorated with TCW and PHE dose dependently. These results clearly indicate both the concentrates (TCW and PHE) restrict excess accumulation of lipids and altered composition of fatty acids in tissues as well as serum which are the risk factors for development of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia etc., related to obesity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05178-2.
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143
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Li P, Gao Y, Ma X, Zhou S, Guo Y, Xu J, Wang X, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Yuan L. Study on the Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Serum Lipid Profiles With Cognition in Aged Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:846132. [PMID: 35431907 PMCID: PMC9009143 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.846132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between dietary fatty acid (FA) intake and serum lipid profile levels with cognition in the aged population has been reported by previous studies. However, the association of dietary FA intake and serum lipid profile levels with cognition in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is seldom reported. Objective A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the correlation between dietary FA intake and serum lipid profiles with cognition in the aged Chinese population with T2DM. Methods A total of 1,526 aged Chinese subjects were recruited from communities. Fasting blood samples were collected for parameter measurement. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method was applied for a dietary survey. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Dietary FA intake and serum lipid levels were compared between subjects with T2DM and control subjects. A logistic regression analysis was carried out for analyzing the association of FA intake and serum lipid levels with the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in subjects with T2DM and control subjects. Results There was a significant difference in the serum lipid level between the T2DM group and the control group. Results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated the potential associations of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake with the risk of MCI in subjects with T2DM, but the associations were not observed in control subjects. Conclusion The T2DM phenotype might affect the relationship between dietary FA intake, circulating lipids, and cognitive performance. Large prospective cohort studies are needed to uncover the underlying mechanism of how dietary FA intake and serum lipid levels affect cognition in aged subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Linhong Yuan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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144
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Age- and Diet-Dependent Changes in Hepatic Lipidomic Profiles of Phospholipids in Male Mice: Age Acceleration in Cyp2b-Null Mice. J Lipids 2022; 2022:7122738. [PMID: 35391786 PMCID: PMC8983274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in traditional serum lipid profiles are associated with obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Recent lipidomic analysis has indicated changes in serum lipidome profiles, especially in regard to specific phosphatidylcholines, associated with obesity. However, little work has evaluated murine hepatic liver lipidomic profiles nor compared these profiles across age, high-fat diet, or specific genotypes, in this case the lack of hepatic Cyp2b enzymes. In this study, the effects of age (9 months old), high-fat diet (4.5 months old), and the loss of three primarily hepatic xeno- and endobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzymes, Cyp2b9, Cyp2b10, and Cyp2b13 (Cyp2b-null mice), on the male murine hepatic lipidome were compared. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis show that age perturbs hepatic phospholipid profiles and serum lipid markers the most compared to young mice, followed by a high-fat diet and then loss of Cyp2b. Several lipid biomarkers such as PC/PE ratios, PE 38 : 6, and LPC concentrations indicate greater potential for NAFLD and hypertension with mixed effects in Cyp2b-null mice(less NAFLD and greater hypertension-associated markers). Lipid profiles from older mice contain greater total and n-6 fatty acids than normal diet (ND)-fed young mice; however, surprisingly, young Cyp2b-null mice contain high n-6 : n-3 ratios. Overall, the lack of Cyp2b typically enhanced adverse physiological parameters observed in the older (9 mo) mice with increased weight gain combined with a deteriorating cholesterol profile, but not necessarily all phospholipid profiles were adversely perturbed.
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145
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To J, Shao ZY, Gandawidjaja M, Tabibi T, Grysman N, Grossberg GT. Comparison of the Impact of the Mediterranean Diet, Anti-Inflammatory Diet, Seventh-Day Adventist Diet, and Ketogenic Diet Relative to Cognition and Cognitive Decline. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:161-171. [PMID: 35347664 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increasing evidence points toward the importance of diet and its impact on cognitive decline. This review seeks to clarify the impact of four diets on cognition: the Mediterranean diet, the anti-inflammatory diet, the Seventh Day Adventist diet, and the Ketogenic diet. RECENT FINDINGS Of the diets reviewed, the Mediterranean diet provides the strongest evidence for efficacy. Studies regarding the anti-inflammatory diet and Seventh Day Adventist diet are sparse, heterogeneous in quality and outcome measurements, providing limited reliable data. There is also minimal research confirming the cognitive benefits of the Ketogenic diet. Increasing evidence supports the use of the Mediterranean diet to reduce cognitive decline. The MIND-diet, a combination of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, seems especially promising, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties. The Ketogenic diet may also have potential efficacy; however, adherence in older populations may be difficult given frequent adverse effects. Future research should focus on long-term, well-controlled studies confirming the impact of various diets, as well as the combination of diets and lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer To
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Zi Yi Shao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Monique Gandawidjaja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Tara Tabibi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Noam Grysman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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146
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Saturated Fat and Cardiovascular Health: Phenotype and Dietary Factors Influencing Interindividual Responsiveness. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:391-398. [PMID: 35320834 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent inconsistencies in nutrition research studies examining the influence of saturated fat (SFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have led to substantial scientific debate and increased public confusion. This review will summarize metabolic characteristics and food-based factors that underlie interindividual responsiveness to SFA consumption. RECENT FINDINGS The magnitude of postprandial blood lipid responses to SFA intake is dependent on a number of individual factors including age, sex, and adiposity status. Further, the metabolic effects of SFA intake are influenced by the specific types of SFAs and the food matrix within which they are contained. Importantly, results from research examining the effects of SFA on CVD risk should be interpreted with consideration of the comparator nutrient (i.e., carbohydrate, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat). A more nuanced understanding of the multitude of factors mediating the influence of SFA on lipid metabolism and CVD risk might help resolve the current controversy and inform more precise personalized recommendations for future dietary guidelines.
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147
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Murru E, Manca C, Carta G, Banni S. Impact of Dietary Palmitic Acid on Lipid Metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861664. [PMID: 35399673 PMCID: PMC8983927 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is ubiquitously present in dietary fat guaranteeing an average intake of about 20 g/d. The relative high requirement and relative content in the human body, which accounts for 20–30% of total fatty acids (FAs), is justified by its relevant nutritional role. In particular physiological conditions, such as in the fetal stage or in the developing brain, the respectively inefficient placental and brain blood–barrier transfer of PA strongly induces its endogenous biosynthesis from glucose via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to secure a tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration required to exert its multiple physiological activities. However, pathophysiological conditions (insulin resistance) are characterized by a sustained DNL in the liver and aimed at preventing the excess accumulation of glucose, which result in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. This leads to an overaccumulation of tissue PA, which results in dyslipidemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation, and inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. Any change in dietary saturated FAs (SFAs) usually reflects a complementary change in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake. Since PUFA particularly n-3 highly PUFA, suppress lipogenic gene expression, their reduction in intake rather than excess of dietary SFA may promote endogenous PA production via DNL. Thereby, the increase in tissue PA and its deleterious consequences from dysregulated DNL can be mistakenly attributed to dietary intake of PA.
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148
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Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XMT, Song RJ, Ho YL, Hu FB, Willett WC, Wilson PWF, Cho K, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Degree of Adherence to Based Diet and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study in the Million Veteran Program. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-38. [PMID: 35307047 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between adherence to plant-based diets and mortality. DESIGN prospective study. We calculated a plant-based diet index (PDI) by assigning positive scores to plant foods and reverse scores to animal foods. We also created a healthful PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthful PDI (uPDI) by further separate the healthy plant foods from less-healthy plant foods. SETTING the VA Million Veteran Program. PARTICIPANTS 315,919 men and women aged 19 to 104 years who completed a food frequency questionnaire at the baseline. RESULTS We documented 31,136 deaths during the follow-up. A higher PDI was significantly associated with lower total mortality [hazard ratio (HR) comparing extreme deciles =0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71 to 0.79, Ptrend <0.001]. We observed an inverse association between hPDI and total mortality (HR comparing extreme deciles =0.64, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.68, Ptrend <0.001), whereas uPDI was positively associated with total mortality (HR comparing extreme deciles =1.41, 95% CI: 1.33 to 1.49, Ptrend <0.001). Similar significant associations of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI were also observed for CVD and cancer mortality. The associations between the plant-based diet indices and total mortality were consistent among African and European American participants, and participants free from CVD and cancer and those who were diagnosed with major chronic disease at baseline. CONCLUSIONS A greater adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with substantially lower total mortality in this large population of veterans. These findings support recommending plant-rich dietary patterns for the prevention of major chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong D Wang
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yanping Li
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xuan-Mai T Nguyen
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca J Song
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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149
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Zhou M, Zhu Z, Sun HZ, Zhao K, Dugan MER, Bruce H, Fitzsimmons C, Li C, Guan LL. Breed dependent regulatory mechanisms of beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cattle with divergent feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4612. [PMID: 35301378 PMCID: PMC8931072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine whether breed and feed efficiency affect the molecular mechanisms regulating beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef steers. Fatty acid profiling and RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis were performed on subcutaneous adipose tissues collected from beef steers with three divergent breeds (Angus, ANG, n = 47; Charolais, CHAR, n = 48; Kinsella Composite, KC, n = 48) and different residual feed intake (RFI, a measure of feed efficiency). The comparison of fatty acid profiles showed that KC had higher beneficial FAs compared to the other two breeds. Distinct FA profiles between H-RFIfat and L-RFIfat steers was more obvious for KC steers, where H-RFIfat steers tended to have higher proportion of healthy FAs and lower proportion of the unhealthy FAs. A higher number of differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed for KC steers, whereas ANG and CHAR steers had a lower number of DE genes between H- and L-RFIfat steers. The association analyses of the gene expressions and FA profiles showed that 10 FA metabolism-associated genes together with the one upstream regulator (SREBF1) were associated with the proportion of C18:2n-6, total n-6, PUFA and PUFA/SFA for KC steers but not the other two breeds. Subcutaneous adipose tissue FA profiles and healthy FA index differed in cattle with divergent feed efficiency and such variation was unique for the three examined cattle breeds. Key FA metabolism-associated genes together with SREBF1 which is the upstream regulator of a set of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be of importance for genetic selection of meat with higher healthy FA index in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zhi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Mike E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Heather Bruce
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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150
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Association of Dietary Intakes and Genetically Determined Serum Concentrations of Mono and Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights from Dietary Analysis and Mendelian Randomization. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061231. [PMID: 35334888 PMCID: PMC8954914 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake is generally associated with better renal function, while the association of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) remains unconfirmed. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to obtain unconfounded estimates of the causal association of dietary intake and genetically determined serum PUFA and MUFA levels with measures of renal function. Data from participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010 were used. Data from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on MUFAs, PUFAs, eGFR, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were analysed for the entire sample. A total of 16,025 participants were included. eGFR improved across increasing quartiles of total PUFA intake from 86.3 ± 0.5 (Q1) to 96.2 ± 0.5 mL/min/1.73 m² (Q4), (p < 0.001). Conversely, there was no association between MUFA intake and measures of renal function (all p > 0.21). In multivariable models, the top quartile of PUFA intake had a 21% lower risk for CKD, but there was no significant association between CKD risk and MUFA intake. Genetically determined serum MUFA (heptadecenoate (17:1), myristoleic acid (14:1), and palmitoleic acid (16:1)) and PUFA (α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) concentrations had no significant association with eGFR and CKD risk. Additionally, no association was found in the analyses stratified by diabetes status. Higher dietary PUFA intake is associated with lower risk of CKD, while there was no association with serum levels of MUFAs or PUFAs. Additional studies including clinical trials are warranted.
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