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Onoufriadis A, Simpson MA, David Burden A, Barker JN, Trembath RC, Capon F. Identification of Rare, Disease-Associated Variants in the Promoter Region of the RNF114 Psoriasis Susceptibility Gene. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1297-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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102
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Zhang X. Genome-wide association study of skin complex diseases. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 66:89-97. [PMID: 22480995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex diseases are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Over decades, scientists endeavored to uncover the genetic myth of complex diseases by linkage and association studies. Since 2005, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been proved to be the most powerful and efficient study design thus far in identifying genetic variants that are associated with complex diseases. More than 230 complex diseases and traits have been investigated by this approach. In dermatology, 10 skin complex diseases have been investigated, a wealth of common susceptibility variants conferring risk for skin complex diseases have been discovered. These findings point to genes and/or loci involved in biological systems worth further investigating by using other methodologies. Certainly, as our understanding of the genetic etiology of skin complex diseases continues to mature, important opportunities will emerge for developing more effective diagnostic and clinical management tools for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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103
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Capon F, Burden AD, Trembath RC, Barker JN. Psoriasis and other complex trait dermatoses: from Loci to functional pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:915-22. [PMID: 22158561 PMCID: PMC3378482 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Driven by advances in molecular genetic technologies and statistical analysis methodologies, there have been huge strides taken in dissecting the complex genetic basis of many inflammatory dermatoses. One example is psoriasis, for which application of classical linkage analysis and genome-wide association investigation has identified genetic loci of major and minor effect. Although most loci independently have modest genetic effects, they identify important biological pathways potentially relevant to disease pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. In the case of psoriasis, these appear to involve the epidermal barrier, NF-κB mechanisms, and T helper type 17 adaptive immune responses. The advent of next-generation sequencing methods will permit a more detailed and complete map of disease genetic architecture, a key step in developing personalized medicine strategies in the clinical management of the complex inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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104
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Hébert H, Ali F, Bowes J, Griffiths C, Barton A, Warren R. Genetic susceptibility to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: implications for therapy. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:474-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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105
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OKA A, MABUCHI T, OZAWA A, INOKO H. Current understanding of human genetics and genetic analysis of psoriasis. J Dermatol 2012; 39:231-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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106
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Abstract
It is now clear that the epidermis has an active role in local immune responses in the skin. Keratinocytes are involved early in inflammation by providing first-line innate mechanisms and, in addition, can contribute to adaptive immune responses that may be associated with clinical disease. Moreover, keratinocytes are capable of enhancing and shaping the outcome of inflammation in response to stimuli and promoting particular types of immune bias. Through understanding the underlying mechanisms, the role of keratinocytes in disease pathogenesis will be further defined, which is likely to lead to the identification of potential targets for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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107
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Birnbaum RY, Hayashi G, Cohen I, Poon A, Chen H, Lam ET, Kwok PY, Birk OS, Liao W. Association analysis identifies ZNF750 regulatory variants in psoriasis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:167. [PMID: 22185198 PMCID: PMC3274454 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the ZNF750 promoter and coding regions have been previously associated with Mendelian forms of psoriasis and psoriasiform dermatitis. ZNF750 encodes a putative zinc finger transcription factor that is highly expressed in keratinocytes and represents a candidate psoriasis gene. METHODS We examined whether ZNF750 variants were associated with psoriasis in a large case-control population. We sequenced the promoter and exon regions of ZNF750 in 716 Caucasian psoriasis cases and 397 Caucasian controls. RESULTS We identified a total of 47 variants, including 38 rare variants of which 35 were novel. Association testing identified two ZNF750 haplotypes associated with psoriasis (p < 0.05). We also identified an excess of rare promoter and 5'untranslated region (UTR) variants in psoriasis cases compared to controls (p = 0.041), whereas there was no significant difference in the number of rare coding and rare 3' UTR variants. Using a promoter functional assay in stimulated human primary keratinocytes, we showed that four ZNF750 promoter and 5' UTR variants displayed a 35-55% reduction of ZNF750 promoter activity, consistent with the promoter activity reduction seen in a Mendelian psoriasis family with a ZNF750 promoter variant. However, the rare promoter and 5' UTR variants identified in this study did not strictly segregate with the psoriasis phenotype within families. CONCLUSIONS Two haplotypes of ZNF750 and rare 5' regulatory variants of ZNF750 were found to be associated with psoriasis. These rare 5' regulatory variants, though not causal, might serve as a genetic modifier of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Y Birnbaum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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108
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Earp MA, Rahmani M, Chew K, Brooks-Wilson A. Estimates of array and pool-construction variance for planning efficient DNA-pooling genome wide association studies. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:81. [PMID: 22122996 PMCID: PMC3247851 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Until recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been restricted to research groups with the budget necessary to genotype hundreds, if not thousands, of samples. Replacing individual genotyping with genotyping of DNA pools in Phase I of a GWAS has proven successful, and dramatically altered the financial feasibility of this approach. When conducting a pool-based GWAS, how well SNP allele frequency is estimated from a DNA pool will influence a study's power to detect associations. Here we address how to control the variance in allele frequency estimation when DNAs are pooled, and how to plan and conduct the most efficient well-powered pool-based GWAS. Methods By examining the variation in allele frequency estimation on SNP arrays between and within DNA pools we determine how array variance [var(earray)] and pool-construction variance [var(econstruction)] contribute to the total variance of allele frequency estimation. This information is useful in deciding whether replicate arrays or replicate pools are most useful in reducing variance. Our analysis is based on 27 DNA pools ranging in size from 74 to 446 individual samples, genotyped on a collective total of 128 Illumina beadarrays: 24 1M-Single, 32 1M-Duo, and 72 660-Quad. Results For all three Illumina SNP array types our estimates of var(earray) were similar, between 3-4 × 10-4 for normalized data. Var(econstruction) accounted for between 20-40% of pooling variance across 27 pools in normalized data. Conclusions We conclude that relative to var(earray), var(econstruction) is of less importance in reducing the variance in allele frequency estimation from DNA pools; however, our data suggests that on average it may be more important than previously thought. We have prepared a simple online tool, PoolingPlanner (available at http://www.kchew.ca/PoolingPlanner/), which calculates the effective sample size (ESS) of a DNA pool given a range of replicate array values. ESS can be used in a power calculator to perform pool-adjusted calculations. This allows one to quickly calculate the loss of power associated with a pooling experiment to make an informed decision on whether a pool-based GWAS is worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene A Earp
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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109
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O'Rielly DD, Rahman P. Genetics of susceptibility and treatment response in psoriatic arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011; 7:718-32. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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110
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a common relapsing and remitting immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin and joints. This review focuses on current immunogenetic concepts, key cellular players, and axes of cytokines that are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. We highlight potential therapeutic targets and give an overview of the currently used immune-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri K Perera
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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111
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Forstbauer LM, Brockschmidt FF, Moskvina V, Herold C, Redler S, Herzog A, Hillmer AM, Meesters C, Heilmann S, Albert F, Alblas M, Hanneken S, Eigelshoven S, Giehl KA, Jagielska D, Blume-Peytavi U, Garcia Bartels N, Kuhn J, Hennies HC, Goebeler M, Jung A, Peitsch WK, Kortüm AK, Moll I, Kruse R, Lutz G, Wolff H, Blaumeiser B, Böhm M, Kirov G, Becker T, Nöthen MM, Betz RC. Genome-wide pooling approach identifies SPATA5 as a new susceptibility locus for alopecia areata. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 20:326-32. [PMID: 22027810 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common hair loss disorder, which is thought to be a tissue-specific autoimmune disease. Previous research has identified a few AA susceptibility genes, most of which are implicated in autoimmunity. To identify new genetic variants and further elucidate the genetic basis of AA, we performed a genome-wide association study using the strategy of pooled DNA genotyping (729 cases, 656 controls). The strongest association was for variants in the HLA region, which confirms the validity of the pooling strategy. The selected top 61 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in an independent replication sample (454 cases, 1364 controls). Only one SNP outside of the HLA region (rs304650) showed significant association. This SNP was then analyzed in a second independent replication sample (537 cases, 657 controls). The finding was not replicated on a significant level, but showed the same tendency. A combined analysis of the two replication samples was then performed, and the SNP rs304650 showed significant association with P=3.43 × 10(-4) (OR=1.24 (1.10-1.39)). This SNP maps to an intronic region of the SPATA5 (spermatogenesis-associated protein 5) gene on chromosome 4. The results therefore suggest the SPATA5 locus is a new susceptibility locus for AA.
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112
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Ferreira MAR, Matheson MC, Duffy DL, Marks GB, Hui J, Le Souëf P, Danoy P, Baltic S, Nyholt DR, Jenkins M, Hayden C, Willemsen G, Ang W, Kuokkanen M, Beilby J, Cheah F, de Geus EJC, Ramasamy A, Vedantam S, Salomaa V, Madden PA, Heath AC, Hopper JL, Visscher PM, Musk B, Leeder SR, Jarvelin MR, Pennell C, Boomsma DI, Hirschhorn JN, Walters H, Martin NG, James A, Jones G, Abramson MJ, Robertson CF, Dharmage SC, Brown MA, Montgomery GW, Thompson PJ. Identification of IL6R and chromosome 11q13.5 as risk loci for asthma. Lancet 2011; 378:1006-14. [PMID: 21907864 PMCID: PMC3517659 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify novel genetic variants affecting asthma risk, since these might provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. METHODS We did a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2669 physician-diagnosed asthmatics and 4528 controls from Australia. Seven loci were prioritised for replication after combining our results with those from the GABRIEL consortium (n=26,475), and these were tested in an additional 25,358 independent samples from four in-silico cohorts. Quantitative multi-marker scores of genetic load were constructed on the basis of results from the GABRIEL study and tested for association with asthma in our Australian GWAS dataset. FINDINGS Two loci were confirmed to associate with asthma risk in the replication cohorts and reached genome-wide significance in the combined analysis of all available studies (n=57,800): rs4129267 (OR 1·09, combined p=2·4×10(-8)) in the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) gene and rs7130588 (OR 1·09, p=1·8×10(-8)) on chromosome 11q13.5 near the leucine-rich repeat containing 32 gene (LRRC32, also known as GARP). The 11q13.5 locus was significantly associated with atopic status among asthmatics (OR 1·33, p=7×10(-4)), suggesting that it is a risk factor for allergic but not non-allergic asthma. Multi-marker association results are consistent with a highly polygenic contribution to asthma risk, including loci with weak effects that might be shared with other immune-related diseases, such as NDFIP1, HLA-B, LPP, and BACH2. INTERPRETATION The IL6R association further supports the hypothesis that cytokine signalling dysregulation affects asthma risk, and raises the possibility that an IL6R antagonist (tocilizumab) may be effective to treat the disease, perhaps in a genotype-dependent manner. Results for the 11q13.5 locus suggest that it directly increases the risk of allergic sensitisation which, in turn, increases the risk of subsequent development of asthma. Larger or more functionally focused studies are needed to characterise the many loci with modest effects that remain to be identified for asthma. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. A full list of funding sources is provided in the webappendix.
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113
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Nalls MA, Couper DJ, Tanaka T, van Rooij FJA, Chen MH, Smith AV, Toniolo D, Zakai NA, Yang Q, Greinacher A, Wood AR, Garcia M, Gasparini P, Liu Y, Lumley T, Folsom AR, Reiner AP, Gieger C, Lagou V, Felix JF, Völzke H, Gouskova NA, Biffi A, Döring A, Völker U, Chong S, Wiggins KL, Rendon A, Dehghan A, Moore M, Taylor K, Wilson JG, Lettre G, Hofman A, Bis JC, Pirastu N, Fox CS, Meisinger C, Sambrook J, Arepalli S, Nauck M, Prokisch H, Stephens J, Glazer NL, Cupples LA, Okada Y, Takahashi A, Kamatani Y, Matsuda K, Tsunoda T, Tanaka T, Kubo M, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K, Kamatani N, Stumvoll M, Tönjes A, Prokopenko I, Illig T, Patel KV, Garner SF, Kuhnel B, Mangino M, Oostra BA, Thein SL, Coresh J, Wichmann HE, Menzel S, Lin J, Pistis G, Uitterlinden AG, Spector TD, Teumer A, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Bandinelli S, Frayling TM, Chakravarti A, van Duijn CM, Melzer D, Ouwehand WH, Levy D, Boerwinkle E, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Longo DL, Soranzo N, Witteman JCM, Psaty BM, Ferrucci L, Harris TB, O'Donnell CJ, Ganesh SK. Multiple loci are associated with white blood cell phenotypes. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002113. [PMID: 21738480 PMCID: PMC3128114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
White blood cell (WBC) count is a common clinical measure from complete blood count assays, and it varies widely among healthy individuals. Total WBC count and its constituent subtypes have been shown to be moderately heritable, with the heritability estimates varying across cell types. We studied 19,509 subjects from seven cohorts in a discovery analysis, and 11,823 subjects from ten cohorts for replication analyses, to determine genetic factors influencing variability within the normal hematological range for total WBC count and five WBC subtype measures. Cohort specific data was supplied by the CHARGE, HeamGen, and INGI consortia, as well as independent collaborative studies. We identified and replicated ten associations with total WBC count and five WBC subtypes at seven different genomic loci (total WBC count-6p21 in the HLA region, 17q21 near ORMDL3, and CSF3; neutrophil count-17q21; basophil count- 3p21 near RPN1 and C3orf27; lymphocyte count-6p21, 19p13 at EPS15L1; monocyte count-2q31 at ITGA4, 3q21, 8q24 an intergenic region, 9q31 near EDG2), including three previously reported associations and seven novel associations. To investigate functional relationships among variants contributing to variability in the six WBC traits, we utilized gene expression- and pathways-based analyses. We implemented gene-clustering algorithms to evaluate functional connectivity among implicated loci and showed functional relationships across cell types. Gene expression data from whole blood was utilized to show that significant biological consequences can be extracted from our genome-wide analyses, with effect estimates for significant loci from the meta-analyses being highly corellated with the proximal gene expression. In addition, collaborative efforts between the groups contributing to this study and related studies conducted by the COGENT and RIKEN groups allowed for the examination of effect homogeneity for genome-wide significant associations across populations of diverse ancestral backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Couper
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank J. A. van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics–CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Department of Medicine University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Pathology University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Qiong Yang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS–Burlo Garofolo/University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Natalia A. Gouskova
- University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sean Chong
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Resarch Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Augusto Rendon
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matt Moore
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kent Taylor
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Resarch Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS–Burlo Garofolo/University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Sambrook
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole L. Glazer
- Cardiovascular Health Resarch Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, CGM, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, CGM, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Study Centre, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Illig
- Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kushang V. Patel
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Garner
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Kuhnel
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Molecular Haematology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Molecular Haematology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - JingPing Lin
- Office of Biostatistical Research, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- The European Centre for Environment and Human Health, PCMD, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Laboratories, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan L. Longo
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Bowes J, Orozco G, Flynn E, Ho P, Brier R, Marzo-Ortega H, Coates L, McManus R, Ryan AW, Kane D, Korendowych E, McHugh N, FitzGerald O, Packham J, Morgan AW, Bruce IN, Barton A. Confirmation of TNIP1 and IL23A as susceptibility loci for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1641-4. [PMID: 21623003 PMCID: PMC3147229 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2011.150102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate a shared genetic aetiology for skin involvement in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) by genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), reported to be associated in genome-wide association studies of psoriasis, in patients with PsA. METHODS SNPs with reported evidence for association with psoriasis were genotyped in a PsA case and control collection from the UK and Ireland. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between PsA cases and controls using the Armitage test for trend. RESULTS Seven SNPs mapping to the IL1RN, TNIP1, TNFAIP3, TSC1, IL23A, SMARCA4 and RNF114 genes were successfully genotyped. The IL23A and TNIP1 genes showed convincing evidence for association (rs2066808, p = 9.1×10(-7); rs17728338, p = 3.5×10(-5), respectively) whilst SNPs mapping to the TNFAIP3, TSC1 and RNF114 genes showed nominal evidence for association (rs610604, p = 0.03; rs1076160, p = 0.03; rs495337, p = 0.0025). No evidence for association with IL1RN or SMARCA4 was found but the power to detect association was low. CONCLUSIONS SNPs mapping to previously reported psoriasis loci show evidence for association to PSA, thus supporting the hypothesis that the genetic aetiology of skin involvement is the same in both PsA and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bowes
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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115
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Woolf RT, Smith CH. How genetic variation affects patient response and outcome to therapy for psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2011; 6:957-66. [PMID: 20979559 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin. There are many treatments available for psoriasis but they are not universally effective and some have associated toxicities. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics explore the relationship between individual genetic variation and drug effect to allow targeted 'personalized' therapy for patients. There has been very limited pharmacogenetic research regarding psoriasis, with most limited to small retrospective case-control studies looking at single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics. We review the pharmacogenetic investigation of treatments for psoriasis to date, including emerging pharmacogenomic studies. In addition, we discuss how such genetic data could be incorporated into routine clinical practice and future areas for development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Woolf
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, 9th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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116
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A CD40 and an NCOA5 gene polymorphism confer susceptibility to psoriasis in a Southern European population: a case-control study. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:761-5. [PMID: 21645569 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies of many complex diseases have successfully identified novel susceptibility loci, with many of them shared by multiple disease-associated pathways. The genes CD40 and nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5), located in a 400-kb region surrounding CD40, have been reported to be associated with increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that those genes may also have a role in psoriasis (PS), an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory skin disease. In a case-control study, 198 patients with PS and 400 controls were genotyped for 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD40 and NCOA5 genes located on chromosome 20q.12-q13.12. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the association of both SNPs with susceptibility to PS, thus suggesting a putative key role of both genes in multiple autoimmune diseases. Alleles G and C of the CD40 rs4810485 and NCOA5 rs2903908 SNPs, respectively, were more common in individuals with PS than in controls (p = 0.03, odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05-1.95 and p = 0.000 003, OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.47-2.55, respectively). The identification of shared genetic susceptibility loci may provide insight into our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases.
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117
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Bijlmakers MJ, Kanneganti SK, Barker JN, Trembath RC, Capon F. Functional analysis of the RNF114 psoriasis susceptibility gene implicates innate immune responses to double-stranded RNA in disease pathogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3129-37. [PMID: 21571784 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease, the aetiology of which remains poorly understood. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have helped to illuminate the molecular basis of this condition, by demonstrating the pathogenic involvement of multiple genes from the IL-23 and NF-κB pathways. A GWAS carried out by our group also identified RNF114, a gene encoding a novel ubiquitin binding protein, as a determinant for psoriasis susceptibility. Although the function of RNF114 is unknown, its paralogue RNF125 has been shown to regulate the RIG-I/MDA5 innate antiviral response. This signalling cascade, which is activated by the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) within the cytoplasm, induces the production of type I interferon (IFN) through the activation of the IRF3 and NF-κB transcription factors. Here, we explore the hypothesis that RNF114 may also modulate RIG-I/MDA5 signalling. We show that RNF114 associates with ubiquitinated proteins and that it is a soluble cytosolic protein that can be induced by interferons and synthetic dsRNA. Moreover, we demonstrate that RNF114 over-expression enhances NF-κb and IRF3 reporter activity and increases type I and type III IFN mRNA levels. These results indicate that RNF114 regulates a positive feedback loop that enhances dsRNA induced production of type I IFN. Thus, our data point to a novel pathogenic pathway, where dysregulation of RIG-I/MDA5 signalling leads to the over-production of type I IFN, a key early mediator of epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Bijlmakers
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King’s College London, School of Medicine at Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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118
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Chen H, Poon A, Yeung C, Helms C, Pons J, Bowcock AM, Kwok PY, Liao W. A genetic risk score combining ten psoriasis risk loci improves disease prediction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19454. [PMID: 21559375 PMCID: PMC3084857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease affecting 2–3% of Caucasians. Recent genetic association studies have identified multiple psoriasis risk loci; however, most of these loci contribute only modestly to disease risk. In this study, we investigated whether a genetic risk score (GRS) combining multiple loci could improve psoriasis prediction. Two approaches were used: a simple risk alleles count (cGRS) and a weighted (wGRS) approach. Ten psoriasis risk SNPs were genotyped in 2815 case-control samples and 858 family samples. We found that the total number of risk alleles in the cases was significantly higher than in controls, mean 13.16 (SD 1.7) versus 12.09 (SD 1.8), p = 4.577×10−40. The wGRS captured considerably more risk than any SNP considered alone, with a psoriasis OR for high-low wGRS quartiles of 10.55 (95% CI 7.63–14.57), p = 2.010×10−65. To compare the discriminatory ability of the GRS models, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). The AUC for wGRS was significantly greater than for cGRS (72.0% versus 66.5%, p = 2.13×10−8). Additionally, the AUC for HLA-C alone (rs10484554) was equivalent to the AUC for all nine other risk loci combined (66.2% versus 63.8%, p = 0.18), highlighting the dominance of HLA-C as a risk locus. Logistic regression revealed that the wGRS was significantly associated with two subphenotypes of psoriasis, age of onset (p = 4.91×10−6) and family history (p = 0.020). Using a liability threshold model, we estimated that the 10 risk loci account for only11.6% of the genetic variance in psoriasis. In summary, we found that a GRS combining 10 psoriasis risk loci captured significantly more risk than any individual SNP and was associated with early onset of disease and a positive family history. Notably, only a small fraction of psoriasis heritability is captured by the common risk variants identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Annie Poon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Celestine Yeung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Helms
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Pons
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Bowcock
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chu CC, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO. Harnessing dendritic cells in inflammatory skin diseases. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:28-41. [PMID: 21295490 PMCID: PMC3235550 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of immune homeostasis, as well as in pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in the skin when excessive immune responses are initiated and unrestrained. Harnessing DCs by directly targeting DC-derived molecules or selectively modulate DC subsets is a convincing strategy to tackle inflammatory skin diseases. In this review we discuss recent advances underlining the functional specialization of skin DCs and discuss the potential implication for future DC-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ching Chu
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, 9th floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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120
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Rodríguez E, Eyerich K, Weidinger S. Genetik häufiger chronisch-entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen. Hautarzt 2011; 62:107-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-010-2053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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121
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Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory hyperproliferative skin disorder with a strong genetic predisposition. While many effective modalities are currently available for treating psoriasis, response to therapy is quite variable among patients. The genetic component underlying the response to pharmacotherapy in psoriasis is slowly beginning to emerge and represents a specialized field of genetics referred to as pharmacogenetics. The identification of genetic variants has the potential to improve the management of patient care by identifying which patients should avoid a specific drug and which patients should be administered a modified dose. A suitable approach in implementing such a strategy could potentially reduce medical costs and improve success of drug therapy. This article summarizes the clinical aspects of psoriasis, its genetic susceptibility and highlights the current landscape of genetic targets for psoriasis pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren D O’Rielly
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Kingston General Hospital & Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Proton Rahman
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
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122
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Chen XY, Jin LW, Chen YW, Tian H, Yuan WT, Niu ZM, Zhang J, Huang W, Zheng J. The association between the IL-20-1723C→G allele on the 1q chromosome and psoriasis triggered or exacerbated by an upper respiratory tract infection in the Chinese Han population. Dermatology 2010; 222:24-30. [PMID: 21109726 DOI: 10.1159/000320772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a cutaneous disorder of multifactorial etiology influenced by both genetic and environmental factors such as infection. METHODS We conducted a genome analysis with 20 microsatellite markers spanning the long arm of chromosome 1 in 36 Chinese families with psoriasis and detected evidence for linkage at 1q21 with a nonparametric linkage score of 1.74, p=0.03, and 1q32 with one of 1.84, p=0.03. According to the positional and functional candidate principle, we further investigated the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the HAX-1 gene (located in 1q21) and IL-20 gene (located in 1q32) in a case-control study including 340 sporadic patients and 199 controls. RESULTS We determined that the frequency of the G allele of IL-20-1723C→G (rs1713239) was significantly higher among psoriatic patients (38.5% in cases vs. 31.2% in controls, p=0.015, odds ratio, OR=1.39, 95% confidence interval, CI=1.07-1.80). When we stratified our analysis by psoriasis triggered or exacerbated by infection of the upper respiratory tract, a significant difference was detected (42.4% in stratified cases vs. 31.2% in controls, p=0.005, OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.15-2.30). CONCLUSION We assume that triggered or exacerbated by respiratory tract infection, the population with the G allele of IL-20-1723C→G are predisposed to psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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123
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Al Robaee AA. Molecular genetics of Psoriasis (Principles, technology, gene location, genetic polymorphism and gene expression). Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2010; 4:103-127. [PMID: 21475550 PMCID: PMC3068834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with an etiology bases on both environmental and genetic factors. As is the case of many autoimmune diseases its real cause remains poorly defined. However, it is known that genetic factors contribute to disease susceptibility. The linkage analysis has been used to identify multiple loci and alleles that confer risk of the disease. Some other studies have focused upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for mapping of probable causal variants. Other studies, using genome-wide analytical techniques, tried to link the disease to copy number variants (CNVs) that are segments of DNA ranging in size from kilobases to megabases that vary in copy number. CNVs represent an important element of genomic polymorphism in humans and harboring dosage-sensitive genes may cause or predispose to a variety of human genetic diseases. The mechanisms giving rise to SNPs and CNVs can be considered as fundamental processes underlying gene duplications, deletions, insertions, inversions and complex combinations of rearrangements. The duplicated genes being the results of 'successful' copies are fixed and maintained in the population. Conversely, many 'unsuccessful' duplicates remain in the genome as pseudogenes. There is another form of genetic variations termed copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with less information about their potential impact on complex diseases. Additional studies would include associated gene expression variations with either SNPs or CNVs. Now many genetic techniques such as PCR, real time PCR, microarray and restriction fragment length analysis are available for detecting genetic polymorphisms, gene mapping and estimation of gene expression. Recently, the scientists have used these tools to define genetic signatures of disease, to understand genetic causes of disease and to characterize the effects of certain drugs on gene expression. This review highlights the principles, technology and applications on psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Al Robaee
- Correspondence:Ahmad A. Al Robaee, M.D., Associate Professor of Dermatology & Head of Dermatology Department, Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6655, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia, Tel : +966 6 380 0916, Fax : +966 6 3801228, E-mail :
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124
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Stuart PE, Nair RP, Ellinghaus E, Ding J, Tejasvi T, Gudjonsson JE, Li Y, Weidinger S, Eberlein B, Gieger C, Wichmann HE, Kunz M, Ike R, Krueger GG, Bowcock AM, Mroweitz U, Lim HW, Voorhees JJ, Abecasis GR, Weichenthal M, Franke A, Rahman P, Gladman DD, Elder JT. Genome-wide association analysis identifies three psoriasis susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2010; 42:1000-4. [PMID: 20953189 PMCID: PMC2965799 DOI: 10.1038/ng.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We carried out a meta-analysis of two recent psoriasis genome-wide association studies with a combined discovery sample of 1,831 affected individuals (cases) and 2,546 controls. One hundred and two loci selected based on P value rankings were followed up in a three-stage replication study including 4,064 cases and 4,685 controls from Michigan, Toronto, Newfoundland and Germany. In the combined meta-analysis, we identified three new susceptibility loci, including one at NOS2 (rs4795067, combined P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), one at FBXL19 (rs10782001, combined P = 9 × 10⁻¹⁰) and one near PSMA6-NFKBIA (rs12586317, combined P = 2 × 10⁻⁸). All three loci were also associated with psoriatic arthritis (rs4795067, combined P = 1 × 10⁻⁵; rs10782001, combined P = 4 × 10⁻⁸; and rs12586317, combined P = 6 × 1⁻⁵) and purely cutaneous psoriasis (rs4795067, combined P = 1 × 10⁻⁸; rs10782001, combined P = 2 × 10⁻⁶; and rs12586317, combined P = 1 × 10⁻⁶). We also replicated a recently identified association signal near RNF114 (rs495337, combined P = 2 × 10⁻⁷).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rajan P. Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Departments of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Departments of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - H. Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Ike
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Anne M. Bowcock
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ulrich Mroweitz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - Henry W. Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - John J. Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Goncalo R. Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - Proton Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5B8, Canada
| | - Dafna D. Gladman
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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125
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Strange A, Capon F, Spencer CCA, Knight J, Weale ME, Allen MH, Barton A, Band G, Bellenguez C, Bergboer JGM, Blackwell JM, Bramon E, Bumpstead SJ, Casas JP, Cork MJ, Corvin A, Deloukas P, Dilthey A, Duncanson A, Edkins S, Estivill X, Fitzgerald O, Freeman C, Giardina E, Gray E, Hofer A, Hüffmeier U, Hunt SE, Irvine AD, Jankowski J, Kirby B, Langford C, Lascorz J, Leman J, Leslie S, Mallbris L, Markus HS, Mathew CG, McLean WHI, McManus R, Mössner R, Moutsianas L, Naluai AT, Nestle FO, Novelli G, Onoufriadis A, Palmer CNA, Perricone C, Pirinen M, Plomin R, Potter SC, Pujol RM, Rautanen A, Riveira-Munoz E, Ryan AW, Salmhofer W, Samuelsson L, Sawcer SJ, Schalkwijk J, Smith CH, Ståhle M, Su Z, Tazi-Ahnini R, Traupe H, Viswanathan AC, Warren RB, Weger W, Wolk K, Wood N, Worthington J, Young HS, Zeeuwen PLJM, Hayday A, Burden AD, Griffiths CEM, Kere J, Reis A, McVean G, Evans DM, Brown MA, Barker JN, Peltonen L, Donnelly P, Trembath RC. A genome-wide association study identifies new psoriasis susceptibility loci and an interaction between HLA-C and ERAP1. Nat Genet 2010; 42:985-90. [PMID: 20953190 PMCID: PMC3749730 DOI: 10.1038/ng.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To identify new susceptibility loci for psoriasis, we undertook a genome-wide association study of 594,224 SNPs in 2,622 individuals with psoriasis and 5,667 controls. We identified associations at eight previously unreported genomic loci. Seven loci harbored genes with recognized immune functions (IL28RA, REL, IFIH1, ERAP1, TRAF3IP2, NFKBIA and TYK2). These associations were replicated in 9,079 European samples (six loci with a combined P < 5 × 10⁻⁸ and two loci with a combined P < 5 × 10⁻⁷). We also report compelling evidence for an interaction between the HLA-C and ERAP1 loci (combined P = 6.95 × 10⁻⁶). ERAP1 plays an important role in MHC class I peptide processing. ERAP1 variants only influenced psoriasis susceptibility in individuals carrying the HLA-C risk allele. Our findings implicate pathways that integrate epidermal barrier dysfunction with innate and adaptive immune dysregulation in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Sun LD, Cheng H, Wang ZX, Zhang AP, Wang PG, Xu JH, Zhu QX, Zhou HS, Ellinghaus E, Zhang FR, Pu XM, Yang XQ, Zhang JZ, Xu AE, Wu RN, Xu LM, Peng L, Helms CA, Ren YQ, Zhang C, Zhang SM, Nair RP, Wang HY, Lin GS, Stuart PE, Fan X, Chen G, Tejasvi T, Li P, Zhu J, Li ZM, Ge HM, Weichenthal M, Ye WZ, Zhang C, Shen SK, Yang BQ, Sun YY, Li SS, Lin Y, Jiang JH, Li CT, Chen RX, Cheng J, Jiang X, Zhang P, Song WM, Tang J, Zhang HQ, Sun L, Cui J, Zhang LJ, Tang B, Huang F, Qin Q, Pei XP, Zhou AM, Shao LM, Liu JL, Zhang FY, Du WD, Franke A, Bowcock AM, Elder JT, Liu JJ, Yang S, Zhang XJ. Association analyses identify six new psoriasis susceptibility loci in the Chinese population. Nat Genet 2010; 42:1005-9. [PMID: 20953187 DOI: 10.1038/ng.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We extended our previous genome-wide association study for psoriasis with a multistage replication study including 8,312 individuals with psoriasis (cases) and 12,919 controls from China as well as 3,293 cases and 4,188 controls from Germany and the United States and 254 nuclear families from the United States. We identified six new susceptibility loci associated with psoriasis in the Chinese study containing the candidate genes ERAP1, PTTG1, CSMD1, GJB2, SERPINB8 and ZNF816A (combined P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and replicated one locus, 5q33.1 (TNIP1-ANXA6), previously reported (combined P = 3.8 × 10⁻²¹) in the European studies. Two of these loci showed evidence for association in the German study at ZNF816A and GJB2 with P = 3.6 × 10⁻³ and P = 7.9 × 10⁻³, respectively. ERAP1 and ZNF816A were associated with type 1 (early onset) psoriasis in the Chinese Han population (test for heterogeneity P = 6.5 × 10⁻³ and P = 1.5 × 10⁻³, respectively). Comparisons with the results of previous GWAS of psoriasis highlight the heterogeneity of disease susceptibility between the Chinese and European populations. Our study identifies new genetic susceptibility factors and suggests new biological pathways in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Panagiotou OA, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JPA. Genome-wide significant associations for variants with minor allele frequency of 5% or less--an overview: A HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:869-89. [PMID: 20876667 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors survey uncommon variants (minor allele frequency, ≤5%) that have reached genome-wide significance (P ≤ 10⁻⁷) in genome-wide association study(ies) (GWAS). They examine the typical effect sizes of these associations; whether they have arisen in multiple GWAS on the same phenotype; and whether they pertain to genetic loci that have other variants discovered through GWAS, perceived biologic plausibility from the candidate gene era, or known mutations associated with related phenotypes. Forty-three associations with minor allele frequency of 5% or less and P ≤ 10⁻⁷ were studied, 12 of which involved nonsynonymous variants. Per-allele odds ratios ranged from 1.03 to 22.11. Thirty-two associations had P ≤ 10⁻⁸. Eight uncommon variants were identified in multiple GWAS. For 14 associations, also other common polymorphisms with genome-wide significance were identified in the same loci. Thirteen associations pertained to genetic loci considered to have biologic plausibility for association in the candidate gene era, and mutations with related phenotypic effects were identified for 11 associations. Twenty-five uncommon variants are common in at least 1 of the 4 different ancestry samples of the International HapMap Project. Although the number of uncommon variants with genome-wide significance is still limited, these data suggest a possible confluence of rare/uncommon and common genetic variation on the same genetic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis A Panagiotou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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128
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Wagner EF, Schonthaler HB, Guinea-Viniegra J, Tschachler E. Psoriasis: what we have learned from mouse models. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6:704-14. [PMID: 20877306 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology, for which there is no cure. This heterogeneous, cutaneous, inflammatory disorder is clinically characterized by prominent epidermal hyperplasia and a distinct inflammatory infiltrate. Crosstalk between immunocytes and keratinocytes, which results in the production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, is thought to mediate the disease. Given that psoriasis is only observed in humans, numerous genetic approaches to model the disease in mice have been undertaken. In this Review, we describe and critically assess the mouse models and transplantation experiments that have contributed to the discovery of novel disease-relevant pathways in psoriasis. Research performed using improved mouse models, combined with studies employing human cells, xenografts and patient material, will be key to our understanding of why such distinctive patterns of inflammation develop in patients with psoriasis. Indeed, a combination of genetic and immunological investigations will be necessary to develop both improved drugs for the treatment of psoriasis and novel curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin F Wagner
- Fundación Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (F-BBVA)-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almargo 3, 29029 Madrid, Spain.
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129
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Roberson EDO, Bowcock AM. Psoriasis genetics: breaking the barrier. Trends Genet 2010; 26:415-23. [PMID: 20692714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common incurable inflammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the European population. Psoriatic skin contains large numbers of immune cells which produce many cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory molecules. The epidermis divides much faster than normal and has a defective outer layer or barrier which under normal circumstances protects from infection and dehydration. Psoriatic skin is characterized by a distinct set of inflammation and epidermal proliferation and differentiation markers, and it has been unclear whether the genetic basis of psoriasis reflects defects of the immune system or of the skin. One genetic determinant lies within the major histocompatibility complex class 1 region. Genome-wide association studies have revealed genetic susceptibility factors that play a role in the formation of immune cells found in psoriasis lesions. Others affect epidermal proliferation and skin barrier formation. Hence, genetic components of both the immune system and the epidermis can predispose to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha D O Roberson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4559 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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130
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Carriers of rare missense variants in IFIH1 are protected from psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2768-72. [PMID: 20668468 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Testing of ∼25,000 putative functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the human genome in a genetic association study has identified three psoriasis genes, IL12B, IL23R, and IL13. We now report evidence for the association of psoriasis risk with missense SNPs in the interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 gene (IFIH1). The rare alleles of two independent SNPs were associated with decreased risk of psoriasis--rs35667974 (Ile923Val): odds ratio (OR) for minor allele carriers is 0.43, P=2.36 × 10(-5) (2,098 cases vs. 1,748 controls); and rs10930046 (His460Arg): OR for minor allele carriers is 0.51, P=6.47 × 10(-4) (2,098 cases vs. 1,744 controls). Compared to noncarriers, carriers of the 923Val and/or 460Arg variants were protected from psoriasis (OR=0.46, P=5.56 × 10(-8)). To our knowledge, these results suggest that IFIH1 is a previously unreported psoriasis gene.
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131
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Duffin KC, Woodcock J, Krueger GG. Genetic variations associated with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis found by genome-wide association. Dermatol Ther 2010; 23:101-13. [PMID: 20415816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are immune disorders with a complex polygenic basis. HLA-Cw6, which lies in the major histocompatibility region on chromosome 6, is considered the major genetic determinant of psoriasis. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified new variants outside of the MHC with relevance to the immunology of psoriasis. Variants in or near genes that encode subunits of cytokines (IL12B, IL23A) or cytokine receptors (IL23R) are interesting given that the gene product of IL12B, p40, is the target of a recently approved monoclonal antibody therapy for psoriasis (ustekinumab). Association with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis has been found in TNFAIP3 and TNFIP1, ubiquitin ligases in the NF-kappaB pathway, and IL13, a Th2 cytokine. Copy number variation of human beta-defensin and late cornified envelope genes also associate with psoriasis. Many of these genetic variations also associate with immune disorders considered psoriatic co-morbidities, including Crohn's disease and diabetes.
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Abstract
The ZNF313 gene has the highest transcription level in fertile male testes and may be related to human spermatogenesis. The deletion-mutated plasmids of ZNF313 promoter were constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. The result showed that the fragment from nt -157 to +8 has a basal transcriptional activity. A functional Sp1 binding site was identified by site-directed mutation test and mithramycin A treatment. A 447-bp based at +233 to -213 exhibits a characteristic CpG island, which overlaps with the promoter region. Our work suggests that ZNF313 is controlled at the transcriptional level, and a common mechanism controlling the basal transcription of ZNF313 gene exists.
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133
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Mak RKH, Hundhausen C, Nestle FO. Progress in understanding the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010; 100 Suppl 2:2-13. [PMID: 20096156 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(09)73372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes how translation from bench research to clinical knowledge and vice versa has resulted in considerable progress in understanding the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. First, the journey in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind psoriasis is described. The roles of different components of the adaptive and innate immune systems involved in driving the inflammatory response are explained. Discovery of new immune pathways i.e. the IL23/Th17 axis and its subsequent impact on the development of novel biological therapies is highlighted. Identification of potential targets warranting further research for future therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K H Mak
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology. King's College London School of Medicine. London, United Kingdom.
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134
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Neue Entwicklungen in der Psoriasisgenetik. MED GENET-BERLIN 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-009-0196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) ist eine chronische, entzündliche Hauterkrankung mit einer multifaktoriellen Vererbung. Nachdem der stärkste genetische Risikofaktor, das HLA-Cw0602-Allel (bzw. ein Allel in starkem Kopplungsungleichgewicht), insbesondere für die frühere Manifestationsform (<40. Lebensjahr), schon seit langem bekannt ist, konnten innerhalb der letzten beiden Jahre durch genomweite Assoziationsstudien sowie Untersuchungen von Kopienzahlveränderungen zahlreiche weitere Suszeptibilitätsfaktoren identifiziert werden. Zu den am besten replizierten Befunden zählen Varianten in 3 Genen des Interleukin-23-Rezeptor-Signalwegs. Außerdem konnten mehrere Gene des NFκB-Signalwegs (nukleärer Faktor κB) sowie ein Gen, dessen Produkt immunmodulatorisch in der TH2-Zell-vermittelten (TH-Zelle: T-Helfer-Zelle) Antwort wirkt, identifiziert werden. Neben dieser Bestätigung von PsV als einer immunologisch bedingten Erkrankung weisen mit PsV assoziierte Kopienzahlveränderungen auf eine zusätzliche zugrunde liegende Barrierestörung hin. Dies sind zum einen eine reduzierte Kopienzahl zweier epidermal exprimierter Gene des Clusters der Late-cornified-Envelope-Gene auf Chromosom 1q und zum anderen eine erhöhte Kopienzahl eines β-Defensin-Clusters auf Chromosom 8p.
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135
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Baranzini SE. The genetics of autoimmune diseases: a networked perspective. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:596-605. [PMID: 19896815 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modern tools for genetic analysis are producing a large impact on our understanding of autoimmunity. More than 30 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been published to date in several autoimmune diseases (AID) and hundreds of common variants have been identified that confer risk or protection. While statistical adjustments are essential to refine the list of potential associations with each disease, valuable information can be extracted by the systematic collection of moderately significant variants present in more than one trait. In this article, a compilation of all GWAS published to date in seven common AID is provided and a network-based analysis of shared susceptibility genes at different levels of significance is presented. While involvement of the MHC region in chromosome 6p21 is not in question for most AID, the complex genetic architecture of this locus poses a significant analytical challenge. On the other hand, by considering the contribution of non-MHC-related genes, similarities and differences among AID can be readily computed thus gaining insights into possible pathogenic mechanisms. Statistically significant excess sharing of non-MHC genes was found between type I diabetes (T1D) and all other AID studied, a result also seen for RA. A smaller but significant degree of sharing was observed for multiple sclerosis (MS), Celiac disease (CeD) and Crohn's disease (CD). The availability of GWAS data allows for a systematic analysis of similarities and differences among several AID. Using this class of approaches the unique genetic landscape for each autoimmune disease can start to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave. Room S-256, San Francisco, CA 94143-0435, USA.
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136
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Elder JT, Bruce AT, Gudjonsson JE, Johnston A, Stuart PE, Tejasvi T, Voorhees JJ, Abecasis GR, Nair RP. Molecular dissection of psoriasis: integrating genetics and biology. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:1213-26. [PMID: 19812592 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common and debilitating disease of the skin, nails, and joints, with an acknowledged but complex genetic basis. Early genome-wide linkage studies of psoriasis focused on segregation of microsatellite markers in families; however, the only locus consistently identified resided in the major histocompatibility complex. Subsequently, several groups mapped this locus to the vicinity of HLA-C, and two groups have reported HLA-Cw6 itself to be the major susceptibility allele. More recently, the development of millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, coupled with the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms and a comprehensive map of human haplotypes, has made possible a genome-wide association approach using cases and controls rather than families. Taking advantage of these developments, we participated in a collaborative genome-wide association study of psoriasis involving thousands of cases and controls. Initial analysis of these data revealed and/or confirmed association between psoriasis and seven genetic loci-HLA-C, IL12B, IL23R, IL23A, IL4/IL13, TNFAIP3, and TNIP1-and ongoing studies are revealing additional loci. Here, we review the epidemiology, immunopathology, and genetics of psoriasis, and present a disease model integrating its genetics and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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137
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies Centre of Excellence at King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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138
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Smith RL, Warren RB, Griffiths CE, Worthington J. Genetic susceptibility to psoriasis: an emerging picture. Genome Med 2009; 1:72. [PMID: 19638187 PMCID: PMC2717398 DOI: 10.1186/gm72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is recognized as a complex disease for which multiple genetic and non-genetic factors influence susceptibility. The major susceptibility locus resides in the MHC class I region and, until relatively recently, evidence for non-MHC loci was inconsistent. Like many common diseases, knowledge of the genetic basis of this condition has been advanced dramatically in recent times with the advent of genome-wide association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we give an overview of current knowledge of genetic risk factors for psoriasis and consider emerging studies that may further add to our understanding of the genetic basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhodri Ll Smith
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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139
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Differential contribution of CDKAL1 variants to psoriasis, Crohn's disease and type II diabetes. Genes Immun 2009; 10:654-8. [PMID: 19587699 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disorder, which is inherited as a complex trait. Genome-wide linkage and association studies have identified a major disease susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p21, as well as a number of genetic determinants of smaller effect. Our group has also documented a significant association between psoriasis and CDKAL1, a gene previously implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and type II diabetes (TIID). With this study, we validate this association, through the analysis of CDKAL1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6908425 in an independently ascertained psoriasis dataset (replication sample: 1323 cases vs 1368 controls, P=0.00012, odds ratio (OR): 1.28; combined sample: 2579 cases vs 4306 controls, P=4 x 10(-6), OR: 1.26). We also show that the association with psoriasis and CD is completely independent from that with TIID. Finally, we report the results of expression studies demonstrating that CDKAL1 transcripts are virtually absent from skin keratinocytes, but are abundantly expressed in immune cells, especially in CD4+ and CD19+ lymphocytes. It is to be noted that our data indicate that CDKAL1 becomes markedly downregulated when immune cells are activated with proliferating signals. Taken together, our results document the presence of allelic heterogeneity at the CDKAL1 locus and suggest that CDKAL1 alleles may confer susceptibility to clinically distinct disorders through differential effects on disease-specific cell types.
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140
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STAT4 gene polymorphism is associated with psoriasis in the genetically homogeneous population of Crete, Greece. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:738-41. [PMID: 19500629 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of many complex diseases have successfully identified novel susceptibility loci, with many of them being associated with more than one condition. Taking into consideration that different autoimmune diseases may share some common pathogenetic pathways, we hypothesized that STAT4, a susceptibility gene found to be associated with increased risk for systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Sjögren's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis may also have a role in psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory skin disease. Here we performed a case-control study in the population of island of Crete and demonstrated for the first time the association of a STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with susceptibility to psoriasis, thus suggesting a putative key role of STAT4 in multiple autoimmune diseases. We found that mutated allele T of the STAT4 rs7574865 SNP, which previously was implicated in the predisposition to many autoimmune diseases, were more common in individuals with psoriasis than in controls (p = 0.045, odds ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.00), thus concluding that the polymorphism examined is associated with the development of psoriasis in our population.
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141
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Li Y, Begovich AB. Unraveling the genetics of complex diseases: susceptibility genes for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Semin Immunol 2009; 21:318-27. [PMID: 19446472 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Talk of numerous genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis has been percolating for years, but with the exception of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, none have been definitively identified. Recently the results of multiple, well powered, genetic case-control studies have begun to appear providing convincing statistical evidence for at least ten non-HLA related risk genes or loci (C5/TRAF1, CD40, CTLA4, KIF5A/PIP4K2C, MMEL1/TNFRSF14, PADI4, PRKCQ, PTPN22, STAT4, and TNFAIP3/OLIG3) for RA and six (IL12B, IL13, IL23R, STAT2/IL23A, TNFAIP3, and TNIP1) for psoriasis. These initial, novel findings are beginning to shed light on the molecular pathways pertinent to the individual diseases and highlight the pleiotropic effects of several risk factors as well as the allelic heterogeneity underlying susceptibility to these and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Li
- Celera, 1401 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502, USA
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142
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Li Y, Liao W, Chang M, Schrodi SJ, Bui N, Catanese JJ, Poon A, Matsunami N, Callis-Duffin KP, Leppert MF, Bowcock AM, Kwok PY, Krueger GG, Begovich AB. Further genetic evidence for three psoriasis-risk genes: ADAM33, CDKAL1, and PTPN22. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:629-34. [PMID: 18923449 PMCID: PMC4130997 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Predisposition to psoriasis is known to be affected by genetic variation in HLA-C, IL12B, and IL23R, and although other psoriasis-associated variants have been identified, incontrovertible statistical evidence for these markers has not yet been obtained. To help resolve this issue, we tested 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 7 putative psoriasis-risk genes in 1,448 psoriasis patients and 1,385 control subjects; 3 SNPs, rs597980 in ADAM33, rs6908425 in CDKAL1 and rs3789604 in PTPN22, were significant with the same risk allele as in prior reports (one-sided P<0.05, false discovery rate<0.15). These three markers were tested in a fourth sample set (599 cases and 299 controls); one marker, rs597980, replicated (one-sided P<0.05) and the other two had odds ratios with the same directionality as in the original sample sets. Mantel-Haenszel meta-analyses of all available case-control data, including those published by other groups, showed that these three markers were highly significant (rs597980: P=0.0057 (2,025 cases and 1,597 controls), rs6908425: P=1.57 x 10(-5) (3,206 cases and 4,529 controls), and rs3789604: P=3.45 x 10(-5) (2,823 cases and 4,066 controls)). These data increase the likelihood that ADAM33, CDKAL1, and PTPN22 are true psoriasis-risk genes.
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143
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Detecting shared pathogenesis from the shared genetics of immune-related diseases. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10:43-55. [PMID: 19092835 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have revealed shared immunological mechanisms in several immune-related disorders that further our understanding of the development and concomitance of these diseases. Our Review focuses on these shared aspects, using the novel findings of recently performed genome-wide association studies and non-synonymous SNP scans as a starting point. We discuss how identifying new genes that are associated with more than one autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disorder could explain the genetic basis of the shared pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. This analysis helps to highlight the key molecular pathways that are involved in these disorders and the potential roles of novel genes in immune-related diseases.
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Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways. Nat Genet 2009; 41:199-204. [PMID: 19169254 PMCID: PMC2745122 DOI: 10.1038/ng.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune mediated disorder that affects the skin, nails, and joints. To identify psoriasis susceptibility loci, we genotyped 438,670 SNPs in 1,409 European ancestry psoriasis cases and 1,436 controls. Twenty-one promising SNPs were followed-up in 5,048 psoriasis cases and 5,041 controls. Our results provide strong support for the association of at least seven genetic loci and psoriasis (each with p < 5×10−8 overall). Loci with confirmed association encode HLA-C, three genes involved in IL-23 signaling (IL23A, IL23R, IL12B), two genes that act downstream of TNF-α and regulate NF-κB signaling (TNIP1, TNFAIP3), and two genes involved in the modulation of Th2 immune responses (IL4, IL13). Although the proteins encoded in these loci are known to interact biologically, we found no evidence for epistasis between associated SNPs. Our results expand the catalog of genetic loci implicated in psoriasis susceptibility and suggest priority targets for study in other auto-immune disorders.
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145
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Psoriasis genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility variants within LCE gene cluster at 1q21. Nat Genet 2009; 41:205-10. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Verlaan DJ, Ge B, Grundberg E, Hoberman R, Lam KCL, Koka V, Dias J, Gurd S, Martin NW, Mallmin H, Nilsson O, Harmsen E, Dewar K, Kwan T, Pastinen T. Targeted screening of cis-regulatory variation in human haplotypes. Genome Res 2008; 19:118-27. [PMID: 18971308 DOI: 10.1101/gr.084798.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory cis-acting variants account for a large proportion of gene expression variability in populations. Cis-acting differences can be specifically measured by comparing relative levels of allelic transcripts within a sample. Allelic expression (AE) mapping for cis-regulatory variant discovery has been hindered by the requirements of having informative or heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes in order to assign the allelic origin of each transcript. In this study we have developed an approach to systematically screen for heritable cis-variants in common human haplotypes across >1,000 genes. In order to achieve the highest level of information per haplotype studied, we carried out allelic expression measurements by using both intronic and exonic SNPs in primary transcripts. We used a novel RNA pooling strategy in immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and primary human osteoblast cell lines (HObs) to allow for high-throughput AE. Screening hits from RNA pools were further validated by performing allelic expression mapping in individual samples. Our results indicate that >10% of expressed genes in human LCLs show genotype-linked AE. In addition, we have validated cis-acting variants in over 20 genes linked with common disease susceptibility in recent genome-wide studies. More generally, our results indicate that RNA pooling coupled with AE read-out by second generation sequencing or by other methods provides a high-throughput tool for cataloging the impact of common noncoding variants in the human genome.
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Chen H, Toh TKL, Szeverenyi I, Ong RTH, Theng CTS, McLean WHI, Seielstad M, Lane EB. Association of skin barrier genes within the PSORS4 locus is enriched in Singaporean Chinese with early-onset psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:606-14. [PMID: 18787534 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis (OMIM#177900) is a common polygenic skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the northern European population and 0.1% of the Han Chinese. Psoriasis patients suffer from chronic skin inflammation, manifested by erythematous scaly lesions. PSORS1-PSORS9 have been confirmed as psoriasis susceptibility loci in independent genetic studies on predominantly Caucasian populations, with psoriasis susceptibility loci (PSORS1, PSORS9) and additional loci at 9q33-34 and 2p22.3-11.2 reported in Han Chinese patients. In this study, we show the association of PSORS4 with psoriasis in Singaporean Chinese. Dense genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphism-tagging candidate genes within the epidermal differentiation complex revealed significant association in the proximity of the involucrin gene (IVL); the strongest association was seen in early-onset psoriasis patients (P=0.0014). A follow-up genome-wide association screen localized the psoriasis susceptibility region to approximately 360 kb along chromosome 1 in the vicinity of IVL, small proline-rich region (SPRR) and proline-rich region 9 (PRR9) genes. The study of interactions between the causative variant(s) in this locus will provide insights into a possible role for epidermal barrier formation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Chen
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
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