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Mrad M, Fekih-Mrissa N, Wathek C, Sayeh A, Maalej A, Rannen R, Nsiri B. Role of the Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms in the Development of Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Tunisian Population: A Case–Control Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 23:645-651. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029616629212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ( APOE) is a member of the apolipoprotein gene family. APOE is polymorphic with 3 main allelic types: ∊2, ∊3, and ∊4. Certain of these alleles have been associated with higher vascular risk. However, the association of APOE genotypes with retinal biomarkers and risk of retinal stroke is less clear. This study evaluated the role of APOE polymorphisms in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In the present study, 2-point mutations coding amino acid residues 112 and 158 were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA extracted from Tunisian participants. APOE genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR followed by molecular hybridization. Eighty-eight patients (26 women and 62 men) and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy participants were enrolled. The statistical study revealed a higher frequency of the ∊4 allele in patients as compared to controls (27.3% vs 9%) with a significant association of the ∊4 allele with the disease ( P < 10−3, Pa < 10−3, odds ratio [OR] = 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1-6.8). The frequency of the ∊3 allele was significantly lower in the patients with RVO compared to the controls (60.2% vs 82.5%, respectively; P < 10−3, Pa < 10−3, OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19-0.53). The ∊3 allele seems to be protective against the disease. There was no association between the APO ∊2 allele and RVO. The association of APOE allele and genotype with RVO requires further investigation in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mrad
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté des Science de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, El Manar, Tunisie
| | - Najiba Fekih-Mrissa
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Académie Militaire Fondouk Jédid, Nabeul, Tunisie
| | - Cheima Wathek
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Aicha Sayeh
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté des Science de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, El Manar, Tunisie
| | - Afef Maalej
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Riadh Rannen
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Brahim Nsiri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
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Lückhoff HK, Kidd M, van Rensburg SJ, van Velden DP, Kotze MJ. Apolipoprotein E genotyping and questionnaire-based assessment of lifestyle risk factors in dyslipidemic patients with a family history of Alzheimer's disease: test development for clinical application. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:213-24. [PMID: 26481640 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cholesterol-raising properties of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon-4 (ε-4) allele has been validated in the South African population. Mounting evidence supports the added value of APOE genotyping for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemic patients beyond its established role in the diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to determine the potential benefits of combining AD family history with questionnaire-based lifestyle assessment to facilitate the clinical interpretation of APOE genotyping results. A total of 580 unrelated South African individuals prospectively enrolled in a chronic disease screening program incorporating a genetic component (2010-2015) was selected for inclusion in this study based on the presence (75) or absence (505) of AD family history. Biochemical assessment of their lipid profiles was performed according to standard laboratory protocols. All study participants were genotyped for the APOE ε-2/ε-3/ε-4 alleles using allele-specific TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction technology. In patients without a family history of AD, APOE genotype modified the relationship between alcohol intake and body mass index (p = 0.026), with a significant positive correlation noted between these parameters being limited to ε-4 allele carriers. APOE genotype also modified the association between alcohol intake and total serum cholesterol in patients with a positive family history of AD (p = 0.026). We demonstrated the benefits of a questionnaire-based approach for assessment of lifestyle risk factors to facilitate clinical interpretation of APOE genotyping results for targeted intervention in a genetic subgroup of dyslipidemic patients at increased risk for AD.
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Wintjens R, Bozon D, Belabbas K, MBou F, Girardet JP, Tounian P, Jolly M, Boccara F, Cohen A, Karsenty A, Dubern B, Carel JC, Azar-Kolakez A, Feillet F, Labarthe F, Gorsky AMC, Horovitz A, Tamarindi C, Kieffer P, Lienhardt A, Lascols O, Di Filippo M, Dufernez F. Global molecular analysis and APOE mutations in a cohort of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia patients in France. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:482-91. [PMID: 26802169 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p055699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) is a human disorder characterized phenotypically by isolated high-cholesterol levels. Mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), APOB, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes are well known to be associated with the disease. To characterize the genetic background associated with ADH in France, the three ADH-associated genes were sequenced in a cohort of 120 children and 109 adult patients. Fifty-one percent of the cohort had a possible deleterious variant in LDLR, 3.1% in APOB, and 1.7% in PCSK9. We identified 18 new variants in LDLR and 2 in PCSK9. Three LDLR variants, including two newly identified, were studied by minigene reporter assay confirming the predicted effects on splicing. Additionally, as recently an in-frame deletion in the APOE gene was found to be linked to ADH, the sequencing of this latter gene was performed in patients without a deleterious variant in the three former genes. An APOE variant was identified in three patients with isolated severe hypercholesterolemia giving a frequency of 1.3% in the cohort. Therefore, even though LDLR mutations are the major cause of ADH with a large mutation spectrum, APOE variants were found to be significantly associated with the disease. Furthermore, using structural analysis and modeling, the identified APOE sequence changes were predicted to impact protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wintjens
- Faculty of Pharmacy (CP206/04), Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Khaldia Belabbas
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétiques Moléculaires (LCBGM), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Félicien MBou
- Service d'Endocrinologie, CHU du Lamentin, F-97232 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girardet
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tounian
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Jolly
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CH Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Franck Boccara
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CH Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CH Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Karsenty
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019, Paris, France Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Ahlam Azar-Kolakez
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019, Paris, France Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - François Feillet
- Service de Médecine Infantile et de génétique clinique, CHU Nancy-Brabois, F-54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France INSERM NGERE UMR 954, F-54500, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - François Labarthe
- Service de médecine pédiatrique, Hopital Clocheville, CHU Tours, F-37044, Tours, France
| | | | - Alice Horovitz
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Bordeaux-Haut Lévêque, F-33604, Pessac, France
| | | | - Pierre Kieffer
- Service de Médecine Interne, CH Mulhouse, Hôpital E. Muller, F-68070 Mulhouse, France
| | - Anne Lienhardt
- Service de Pédiatrie Médicale, CH Limoges, Hôpital mère/enfants, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétiques Moléculaires (LCBGM), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, CHU Lyon, France Service de Pédiatrie Médicale, CH Limoges, Hôpital mère/enfants, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Fabienne Dufernez
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétiques Moléculaires (LCBGM), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
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Rusted J, Carare RO. Are the effects of APOE ϵ4 on cognitive function in nonclinical populations age- and gender-dependent? Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 5:37-48. [PMID: 25711453 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
APOE ϵ4 - one of three possible allelic variants (ϵ2, ϵ3 and ϵ4) of the polymorphic protein APOE - is well characterized in its role as the strongest risk factor (after old age) for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Perhaps less well known, and certainly less well characterized, is that this ϵ4 variant of the APOE gene also is a significant risk factor for age-related cognitive decline in nonclinical populations. This article considers APOE ϵ4 effects on cognition in people without dementia, the extent to which such effects may depend on age and on gender and other interactive biological systems that change across the lifespan.
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105
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Koopal C, Geerlings MI, Muller M, de Borst GJ, Algra A, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FLJ. The relation between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and peripheral artery disease in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:187-92. [PMID: 26800308 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is associated with coronary heart disease and stroke, but the relation with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is unknown. We investigated the relation of APOE genotype with PAD and other types of vascular disease. METHODS The cross-sectional association between APOE genotype and ankle-brachial index (ABI) and vascular disease prevalence; and the prospective relation with incident PAD and other types of vascular disease (coronary artery disease, stroke and vascular mortality) were evaluated in 7418 patients from the Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study. This is a prospective cohort study in patients with cardiovascular disease or a cardiovascular risk factor. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Mean age was 56.7 ± 12.4 years and 68% of the patients was male. APOE genotype frequencies were ε2ε2 1.3%; ε2ε3 9.9%; ε2ε4 2.4%; ε3ε3 56.9%; ε3ε4 26.7% and ε4ε4 2.8%. Median follow-up time was 8.1 years (IQR 5.4-11.4) in which 452 new PAD events occurred. The ε2ε2 genotype was significantly associated with a lower ABI (regression coefficient -0.04, 95%CI -0.07 to -0.01), increased PAD prevalence (prevalence ratio 1.54, 95%CI 1.01-2.17) and a higher risk of incident PAD (HR 2.31, 95%CI 1.29-4.12) compared with ε3ε3. No relations between APOE genotypes and other vascular disease were observed. CONCLUSION Of the six APOE genotypes, the ε2ε2 variant is associated with an increased risk for PAD in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. No association was observed between APOE genotype and coronary artery disease, stroke or vascular mortality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Koopal
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Majon Muller
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ale Algra
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda van der Graaf
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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106
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Sun Y, Wei R, Yan D, Xu F, Zhang X, Zhang B, Yimiti D, LI H, Sun H, Hu C, Luo L, Yao H. Association between APOE polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in Uyghur ethnic men. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010049. [PMID: 26739741 PMCID: PMC4716259 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Uyghur ethnic men in Xinjiang, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 482 patients with MetS and 510 healthy sex-matched and age-matched controls were recruited from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The participants were subjected to routine physical and blood biochemical tests, and APOE genotyping was performed. RESULTS The APOE ε3/3 was the predominant type, with a frequency of 71.8%, while ε2/2 was less common than ε4/4 in Uyghur males. The frequencies of the APOE2, E3 and E4 alleles in Uyghur males were 8.5%, 80.0% and 11.5%, respectively. However, the distribution of APOE genotypes was significantly different between the MetS and control groups (p<0.001). In the MetS group, the frequencies of the ε2 and ε4 alleles and the frequencies of the ε2/2, ε2/3 and ε2/4 genotypes were significantly lower than those of the control group. Those individuals without the ε2 and ε4 alleles had higher MetS prevalence than the other gene carriers, and the ORs of these individuals developing MetS were 1.5 and 1.27 compared to the gene carriers. Triglyceride, serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower and serum high-density lipoprotein was higher in the ε2 carriers than the ε3 carriers, and the prevalence of MetS, central obesity, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia was lower in the APOE2 group than in the APOE4 group. The risks of these individuals with ε4 allele carriers getting these changes were 1.327, 1.780, 1.888, 1.428 and 2.571 times greater than those of ε2 allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS APOE4 is associated with many individual components of MetS, whereas APOE2 was associated with a reduced risk of MetS at the univariate level in Uyghur ethnic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuPing Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rong Wei
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - DanDan Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - FeiLi Xu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - XiaoJin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Delixiati Yimiti
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui LI
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - HongYan Sun
- Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hua Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Wilson D, Werring DJ. Establishing the "meaning" of microbleeds: Clinical context or lobar microbleed burden? Alzheimers Dement 2015; 12:85-6. [PMID: 26515762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Wilson
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Relation between Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Res Pract 2015; 2015:363458. [PMID: 26380146 PMCID: PMC4561336 DOI: 10.1155/2015/363458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a plasma protein and associated with cholesterol transport system. In several studies, the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been shown. However, the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and severity of CAD in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) has not been well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between ApoE polymorphism and severity of CAD in patients with acute MI by using the Gensini Score. In this study, 138 patients were admitted to cardiology clinic with diagnosis of acute MI, and angiographic assessment was performed using the Gensini Score. Blood samples were obtained from all patients in the first day. The patients with ApoE34 genotype had high Gensini scores. Besides, the patients with E4 allele carriers were associated with high Gensini score compared with the patients without E4 allele carriers (p:0,22). The patients with E4 allele carriers were associated with higher LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol compared with the patients without E4 allele carriers (p:0,001 and p:0,03, resp.). There were no statistically significant differences between ApoE genotypes and severity of CAD by using the Gensini Score. But, the patients with E4 allele carriers were associated with high lipid levels.
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Raffeld MR, Biffi A, Battey TWK, Ayres AM, Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM, Rosand J, Anderson CD. APOE ε4 and lipid levels affect risk of recurrent nonlobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2015; 85:349-56. [PMID: 26115730 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants ε2/ε4 within the APOE gene are established risk factors for lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Published preliminary data suggest a potential role for APOE ε4 in risk of nonlobar ICH. We therefore investigated the role of APOE in recurrent nonlobar ICH, and sought to clarify whether effects of APOE on circulating lipids mediate this association. METHODS Three hundred sixty-three survivors of nonlobar ICH were followed prospectively for ICH recurrence, with APOE genotype determined at enrollment. All participants had clinical, demographic, and laboratory data captured at time of index ICH and during follow-up. Using a multivariate model, we performed association and interaction analyses of the relationships among APOE genotype, lipid levels, and recurrent nonlobar ICH. RESULTS We observed 29 nonlobar ICH recurrences among 363 survivors. APOE ε4 was associated with recurrent nonlobar ICH (hazard ratio = 1.31; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-2.69; p = 0.038) after adjustment for age/sex/ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors. Increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were associated with decreased risk of recurrent nonlobar ICH (p = 0.027), as were decreasing HDL levels (p = 0.046). LDL levels modified the association of APOE ε4 with recurrent nonlobar ICH (mediation p < 0.05). No associations were identified between APOE ε2 and recurrent nonlobar ICH. CONCLUSION APOE ε4 is associated with recurrent ICH in nonlobar brain regions, providing further evidence for its causal role in ICH unrelated to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. LDL levels modulated this effect, suggesting that circulating lipid levels may mediate a portion of the role of APOE ε4 in nonlobar ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Raffeld
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Thomas W K Battey
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alison M Ayres
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Kotze MJ, Lückhoff HK, Brand T, Pretorius J, van Rensburg SJ. Apolipoprotein E ε-4 as a genetic determinant of Alzheimer's disease heterogeneity. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 5:9-18. [PMID: 32669910 PMCID: PMC7337157 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s41721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) displays a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of its etiology, presentation, prognosis, and treatment response. This can partly be explained by high-penetrance mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 genes causing amyloid beta aggregation, which is a major pathogenic mechanism in the development of early-onset AD in a small subgroup of patients. Late-onset AD is considered a polygenic disorder in which cumulative risk resulting from interaction with modifiable environmental risk factors may be responsible for the majority of cases. The ε-4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has emerged as the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, influencing nearly every pathogenic domain affected in AD. It is a major risk factor for cerebral amyloid angiopathy, recognized as a common pathological finding in an AD subtype associated with white matter dysfunction. The APOE ε-4 allele is also a known risk factor for ischemic stroke, which can result in vascular dementia or contribute to subcortical vascular dysfunction. In this review, we evaluate the clinical relevance of APOE genotyping in relation to cholesterol metabolism and available evidence on risk reduction strategies applicable to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Kotze
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - HK Lückhoff
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - T Brand
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - J Pretorius
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - SJ van Rensburg
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Rodríguez-Carmona Y, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Gámez-Valdez E, López-Alavez FJ, Hernández-Armenta CI, Vega-Monter N, Leyva-García G, Monge-Cázares T, Barrera Valencia D, Balderas Monroy M, Pfeffer F, Meléndez G, Pérez Lizaur AB, Pardío J, Tejero ME. Association between Apolipoprotein E Variants and Obesity-Related Traits in Mexican School Children. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 7:243-51. [PMID: 25968937 DOI: 10.1159/000381345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Genetic variation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has a key role in lipid metabolism. However, its contribution to the amount and distribution of body fat is under investigation. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between genetic variation in ApoE and obesity-related traits in Mexican school children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anthropometric, body composition and physical activity measures were conducted using standard methods in 300 children (177 girls/123 boys) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. DNA was isolated from saliva. ApoE genotypes were analyzed by allelic discrimination. The association between variation in ApoE and anthropometric and body composition measures was investigated using the General Linear Model. RESULTS The mean±SD values for age, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were 9.05±0.80 years, 19.01±3.83 and 67.98±10.97 cm, respectively. Approximately 46% of the participants were overweight or obese. A significant association between ApoE isoforms and WC was found after controlling for age, sex and the percentage of physical activity (p=0.025). Significant main effects were found for vigorous physical activity and light physical activity influencing the adiposity-related BMI (p<0.001) and WC (p=0.044), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Variation in ApoE and physical activity intensity were associated with adiposity-related phenotypes in Mexican school children.
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Yamase Y, Horibe H, Ueyama C, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Arai M, Watanabe S, Yamada Y. Association of TOMM40 and SLC22A4 polymorphisms with ischemic stroke. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:491-498. [PMID: 26171154 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and their meta-analyses have identified various genes and loci underlying the predisposition to ischemic stroke or coronary artery disease in Caucasian populations. Given that ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease may have a shared genetic architecture, certain polymorphisms may confer genetic susceptibility to these two diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible association of ischemic stroke with 29 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified by the meta-analyses of GWASs as susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease. The study population comprised 3,187 Japanese individuals, including 894 subjects with ischemic stroke and 2,293 controls. The genotypes for the 29 SNPs of the 28 genes were determined by a method that combines the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes with suspension array technology. Comparisons of the allele frequencies by the χ2 test between subjects with ischemic stroke and controls revealed that rs9319428 (G→A) of the fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 gene (P=0.0471), rs2075650 (G→A) of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog gene (TOMM40, P=0.0102) and rs273909 (T→C) of the solute carrier family 22, member 4 gene (SLC22A4, P=0.0097) were significantly (P<0.05) associated with the prevalence of ischemic stroke. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia revealed that rs2075650 of TOMM40 (P=0.0443; recessive model; odds ratio=0.50) and rs273909 of SLC22A4 (P=0.0123; dominant model; odds ratio=0.45) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke with the minor G and C allele, respectively, being protective against this condition. TOMM40 and SLC22A4 may thus be susceptibility loci for ischemic stroke in Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yamase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Hideki Horibe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Chikara Ueyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fujimaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Inabe General Hospital, Inabe, Mie 511-0428, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Oguri
- Department of Cardiology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi 486-8510, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meitoh Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 465-0025, Japan
| | - Masazumi Arai
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Sachiro Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Association of the apolipoprotein E 2 allele with concurrent occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:593658. [PMID: 25741405 PMCID: PMC4337044 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins with antioxidant properties may influence susceptibility to endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial carcinoma (ECa). Patients with EH (n = 89), EH concurrent with ECa (n = 76), ECa (n = 186), and healthy controls (n = 1110) were genotyped for five polymorphic variants in the genes involved in metabolism of lipoproteins (APOE Cys112Arg and Arg158Cys), iron (HFE Cys282Tyr and His63Asp), and catecholamines (COMT Val158Met). Patients and controls were matched by ethnicity (all Caucasians), age, body mass index (BMI), and incidence of hypertension and diabetes. The frequency of the APOE E 2 allele (158Cys) was higher in patients with EH + ECa than in controls (P = 0.0012, P(Bonferroni) = 0.018, OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.49-4.45). The APOE E 4 allele (112Arg) was more frequently found in patients with EH than in controls and HFE minor allele G (63Asp) had a protective effect in the ECa group, though these results appeared to be nonsignificant after correction for multiple comparisons. The results of the study indicate that E 2 allele might be associated with concurrent occurrence of EH and ECa.
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El-Jaafary S, El-Tamawy M, Hosny H, Fathy M, Shaker E, Abd-Allah F. Low Ankle Brachial Index in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Does ApoE Gene Polymorphism Have a Role? WORLD JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 2015; 05:42-47. [DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2015.52006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Dubé JB, Wang J, Cao H, McIntyre AD, Johansen CT, Hopkins SE, Stringer R, Hosseinzadeh S, Kennedy BA, Ban MR, Young TK, Connelly PW, Dewailly E, Bjerregaard P, Boyer BB, Hegele RA. Common low-density lipoprotein receptor p.G116S variant has a large effect on plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in circumpolar inuit populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:100-5. [PMID: 25414273 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inuit are considered to be vulnerable to cardiovascular disease because their lifestyles are becoming more Westernized. During sequence analysis of Inuit individuals at extremes of lipid traits, we identified 2 nonsynonymous variants in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), namely p.G116S and p.R730W. METHODS AND RESULTS Genotyping these variants in 3324 Inuit from Alaska, Canada, and Greenland showed they were common, with allele frequencies 10% to 15%. Only p.G116S was associated with dyslipidemia: the increase in LDL cholesterol was 0.54 mmol/L (20.9 mg/dL) per allele (P=5.6×10(-49)), which was >3× larger than the largest effect sizes seen with other common variants in other populations. Carriers of p.G116S had a 3.02-fold increased risk of hypercholesterolemia (95% confidence interval, 2.34-3.90; P=1.7×10(-17)), but did not have classical familial hypercholesterolemia. In vitro, p.G116S showed 60% reduced ligand-binding activity compared with wild-type receptor. In contrast, p.R730W was associated with neither LDL cholesterol level nor altered in vitro activity. CONCLUSIONS LDLR p.G116S is thus unique: a common dysfunctional variant in Inuit whose large effect on LDL cholesterol may have public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Dubé
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Jian Wang
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Henian Cao
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Adam D McIntyre
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Christopher T Johansen
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Randa Stringer
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Siyavash Hosseinzadeh
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Brooke A Kennedy
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Matthew R Ban
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - T Kue Young
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Philip W Connelly
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Eric Dewailly
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Bert B Boyer
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- From the Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute (J.B.D., J.W., H.C., A.M., C.T.J., R.S., S.H., B.A.K., M.R.B., R.A.H.) and Department of Medicine (C.T.J., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks (S.E.H., B.B.B.); The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (T.K.Y.) and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital (P.W.C.), and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada (E.D.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.B.).
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Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in biology is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms which underpin aging and how these affect health. The need to better understand aging is amplified by demographic changes, which have caused a gradual increase in the global population of older people. Aging western populations have resulted in a rise in the prevalence of age-related pathologies. Of these diseases, cardiovascular disease is the most common underlying condition in older people. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism due to aging impinges significantly on cardiovascular health. However, the multifaceted nature of lipid metabolism and the complexities of its interaction with aging make it challenging to understand by conventional means. To address this challenge computational modeling, a key component of the systems biology paradigm is being used to study the dynamics of lipid metabolism. This mini-review briefly outlines the key regulators of lipid metabolism, their dysregulation, and how computational modeling is being used to gain an increased insight into this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, UK
| | - Kathleen M. Mooney
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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Corella D, Ordovás JM. Aging and cardiovascular diseases: the role of gene-diet interactions. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:53-73. [PMID: 25159268 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study of longevity, increasing importance is being placed on the concept of healthy aging rather than considering the total number of years lived. Although the concept of healthy lifespan needs to be defined better, we know that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main age-related diseases. Thus, controlling risk factors will contribute to reducing their incidence, leading to healthy lifespan. CVDs are complex diseases influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Numerous gene variants that are associated with a greater or lesser risk of the different types of CVD and of intermediate phenotypes (i.e., hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes) have been successfully identified. However, despite the close link between aging and CVD, studies analyzing the genes related to human longevity have not obtained consistent results and there has been little coincidence in the genes identified in both fields. The APOE gene stands out as an exception, given that it has been identified as being relevant in CVD and longevity. This review analyzes the genomic and epigenomic factors that may contribute to this, ranging from identifying longevity genes in model organisms to the importance of gene-diet interactions (outstanding among which is the case of the TCF7L2 gene).
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Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Fatty acid metabolism in carriers of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele: is it contributing to higher risk of cognitive decline and coronary heart disease? Nutrients 2014; 6:4452-71. [PMID: 25333200 PMCID: PMC4210928 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein playing a pivotal role in lipid homeostasis since it regulates cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism in the blood and the brain. APOE gene regulates the expression of this protein and has three different alleles: ε2, ε3 and ε4. Carrying an APOE4 allele is recognised as a genetic risk factor of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Consuming fatty fish, rich in long chain omega-3 fatty acids (LC omega-3), seems to be associated with risk reduction of developing LOAD and CHD but this link seems not to hold in APOE4 carriers, at least in LOAD. In CHD trials, APOE4 carriers supplemented with LC omega-3 were categorized as differential responders to the treatment with regards to CHD risk markers. This is potentially because fatty acid metabolism is disturbed in APOE4 carriers compared to the non-carriers. More specifically, homeostasis of LC omega-3 is disrupted in carriers of APOE4 allele and this is potentially because they β-oxidize more LC omega-3 than the non-carriers. Therefore, there is a potential shift in fatty acid selection for β-oxidation towards LC omega-3 which are usually highly preserved for incorporation into cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Department of medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, J1H 4C4, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Department of medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, J1H 4C4, Canada.
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Novotny D, Karasek D, Vaverkova H, Slavik L. The influence of apolipoprotein A5 T-1131C and apolipoprotein E common genetic variants on the levels of hemostatic markers in dyslipidemic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Arai M, Nishimura A, Mori Y, Ebara T, Okubo M. Hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis in a patient with apolipoprotein E7 (p.[E244K; E245K])/E4. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alfred T, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cooper R, Hardy R, Cooper C, Deary IJ, Elliott J, Gunnell D, Harris SE, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Martin RM, Power C, Sayer AA, Starr JM, Kuh D, Day INM. Associations between APOE and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol genotypes and cognitive and physical capability: the HALCyon programme. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9673. [PMID: 25073452 PMCID: PMC4150901 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The APOE ε2/3/4 genotype has been associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Alzheimer disease. However, evidence for associations with measures of cognitive performance in adults without dementia has been mixed, as it is for physical performance. Associations may also be evident in other genotypes implicated in LDL-C levels. As part of the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) collaborative research programme, genotypic information was obtained for APOE ε2/3/4, rs515135 (APOB), rs2228671 (LDLR) and rs629301 (SORT1) from eight cohorts of adults aged between 44 and 90 + years. We investigated associations with four measures of cognitive (word recall, phonemic fluency, semantic fluency and search speed) and physical capability (grip strength, get up and go/walk speed, timed chair rises and ability to balance) using meta-analyses. Overall, little evidence for associations between any of the genotypes and measures of cognitive capability was observed (e.g. pooled beta for APOE ε4 effect on semantic fluency z score = -0.02; 95 % CI = -0.05 to 0.02; p value = 0.3; n = 18,796). However, there was borderline evidence within studies that negative effects of APOE ε4 on nonverbal ability measures become more apparent with age. Few genotypic associations were observed with physical capability measures. The findings from our large investigation of middle-aged to older adults in the general population suggest that effects of APOE on cognitive capability are at most modest and are domain- and age-specific, while APOE has little influence on physical capability. In addition, other LDL-C-related genotypes have little impact on these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamuno Alfred
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK,
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da Fonseca CSM, Pimenta Filho AA, dos Santos BS, da Silva CA, Domingues ALC, Owen JS, de Menezes Lima VL. Human plasma lipid modulation in schistosomiasis mansoni depends on apolipoprotein E polymorphism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101964. [PMID: 25051269 PMCID: PMC4106763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic liver disease, which causes several metabolic disturbances. Here, we evaluate the influence of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism, a known modulator of lipid metabolism, on plasma lipid levels in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Methodology/Principal Findings Blood samples were used for APOE genotyping and to measure total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides. Schistosomiasis patients had reduced TC, LDL-C and triglycerides (25%, 38% and 32% lower, respectively; P<0.0001) compared to control individuals, whereas HDL-C was increased (10% higher; P = 0.0136). Frequency of the common alleles, ε2, ε3 and ε4, was similar (P = 0.3568) between controls (n = 108) and patients (n = 84), implying that APOE genotype did not affect susceptibility to the advanced stage of schistosomiasis. Nevertheless, while patient TC and LDL-C levels were significantly reduced for each allele (except TC in ε2 patients), changes in HDL-C and triglycerides were noted only for the less common ε2 and ε4 alleles. The most striking finding, however, was that accepted regulation of plasma lipid levels by APOE genotype was disrupted by schistosomiasis. Thus, while ε2 controls had higher TC and LDL-C than ε3 carriers, these parameters were lower in ε2 versus ε3 patients. Similarly, the inverse relationship of TG levels in controls (ε2>ε3>ε4) was absent in patients (ε2 or ε4>ε3), and the increase in HDL-C of ε2 or ε4 patients compared to ε3 patients was not seen in the control groups. Conclusion/Significance We confirm that human schistosomiasis causes dyslipidemia and report for the first time that certain changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels depend on APOE gene polymorphism. Importantly, we also concluded that S. mansoni disrupts the expected regulation of plasma lipids by the different ApoE isoforms. This finding suggests ways to identify new metabolic pathways affected by schistosomiasis and also potential molecular targets to treat associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adenor Almeida Pimenta Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Bianka Santana dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - César Augusto da Silva
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - James Stuart Owen
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Tian Y, Wang J, Ye Y, Sun L, Fan Y, Wang L, Li J, Wang Z, Wang K. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and colorectal neoplasm: results from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102477. [PMID: 25029444 PMCID: PMC4100903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism to colorectal neoplasia (CRN), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies were identified through a systematic literature review from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Science Citation Index up to February 2014. A combined analysis was performed, followed by a subgroup analyses stratified by the study design. We used data collected from 8 prospective studies involving respectively a total of 9243 participants and 4310 CRN cases which including 438 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 3873 patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The pooled data from this meta-analysis indicated there was no significant association between APOE polymorphism and CRN (ε2: P = 0.51, OR 1.04 95% CI 0.93 to 1.16; ε4: P = 0.72, OR 0.98 95% CI 0.90 to 1.07). Interestingly, subgroup analysis demonstrated there was a significant decreased risk for proximal CRN in patients with APOE ε4 (P = 0.0007, OR 0.52 95% CI 0.35 to 0.76). Data showed no significant association between APOE genotype and overall CRN. However, compared with those carry APOE ε3 alleles, persons with APOE ε4 genotype have significant decreased risk suffering from proximal CRN but not from distal CRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Ye
- Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingrui Fan
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Keming Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Villeneuve S, Brisson D, Marchant NL, Gaudet D. The potential applications of Apolipoprotein E in personalized medicine. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:154. [PMID: 25071563 PMCID: PMC4085650 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine uses various individual characteristics to guide medical decisions. Apolipoprotein (ApoE), the most studied polymorphism in humans, has been associated with several diseases. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the potential role of ApoE polymorphisms in personalized medicine, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases, by giving an overview of its influence on disease risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review is not a systematic inventory of the literature, but rather a summary and discussion of novel, influential and promising works in the field of ApoE research that could be valuable for personalized medicine. Empirical evidence suggests that ApoE genotype informs pre-symptomatic risk for a wide variety of diseases, is valuable for the diagnosis of type III dysbetalipoproteinemia, increases risk of dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, and is associated with a poor prognosis following acute brain damage. ApoE status appears to influence the efficacy of certain drugs, outcome of clinical trials, and might also give insight into disease prevention. Assessing ApoE genotype might therefore help to guide medical decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada ; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diane Brisson
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
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Zhang MD, Gu W, Qiao SB, Zhu EJ, Zhao QM, Lv SZ. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and risk for coronary heart disease in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis of 61 studies including 6634 cases and 6393 controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95463. [PMID: 24755673 PMCID: PMC3995769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphisms in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the results remain uncertain. We carried out a meta-analysis to derive a more comprehensive estimation of the association in Chinese population. METHODS Case-control studies in Chinese and English publications were identified by searching databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP and hand searching of relevant journals and the reference lists of retrieved articles. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to assess the strength of the associations. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore the between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS We finally identified 61 relevant studies which comprised 6634 case-patients and 6393 controls. The pooled OR for ε4 carriers was 96% higher than the ε3/3 genotype for CHD (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.70 to 2.24; P<0.001). However, there was no evidence of statistically significant association between ε2 carriers and risk of CHD (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.13; P = 0.729). In the subgroup analysis, different endpoints may partially account for the heterogeneity. No publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that the apoE ε4 allele may be a risk factor for CHD in the Chinese population, however, ε2 allele has no significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-duo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-bin Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Rizhao People’s Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - En-jun Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-ming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (QZ)
| | - Shu-zheng Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (QZ)
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Beyond the Standard Lipid Profile: What is Known about Apolipoproteins, Lp(a), and Lipoprotein Particle Distributions in Children. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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