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Preanalytical Variables in the Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Whole Blood and Plasma from Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081905. [PMID: 36010255 PMCID: PMC9406772 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the crucial role of mitochondria as the main cellular energy provider and its contribution towards tumor growth, chemoresistance, and cancer cell plasticity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could serve as a relevant biomarker. Thus, the profiling of mtDNA mutations and copy number variations is receiving increasing attention for its possible role in the early diagnosis and monitoring therapies of human cancers. This applies particularly to highly aggressive pancreatic cancer, which is often diagnosed late and is associated with poor prognosis. As current diagnostic procedures are based on imaging, tissue histology, and protein biomarkers with rather low specificity, tumor-derived mtDNA mutations detected from whole blood represents a potential significant leap forward towards early cancer diagnosis. However, for future routine use in clinical settings it is essential that preanalytics related to the characterization of mtDNA in whole blood are thoroughly standardized, controlled, and subject to proper quality assurance, yet this is largely lacking. Therefore, in this study we carried out a comprehensive preanalytical workup comparing different mtDNA extraction methods and testing important preanalytical steps, such as the use of different blood collection tubes, different storage temperatures, length of storage time, and yields in plasma vs. whole blood. To identify analytical and preanalytical differences, all variables were tested in both healthy subjects and pancreatic carcinoma patients. Our results demonstrated a significant difference between cancer patients and healthy subjects for some preanalytical workflows, while other workflows failed to yield statistically significant differences. This underscores the importance of controlling and standardizing preanalytical procedures in the development of clinical assays based on the measurement of mtDNA.
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102
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Moro C, Valverde A, Dole M, Hoh Kam J, Hamilton C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Benabid AL, Magistretti P, Mitrofanis J. The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942536. [PMID: 35968381 PMCID: PMC9366035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function and survival in both health and in disease. These improvements are thought to arise principally from an impact of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms in a range of different cell types, including neurones. This impact has downstream effects on many stimulatory and protective genes. An often-neglected feature of nearly all of these improvements is that they have been induced during the state of wakefulness. Recent studies have shown that when applied during the state of sleep, photobiomodulation can also be of benefit, but in a different way, by improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and the clearance of toxic waste-products from the brain. In this review, we consider the potential differential effects of photobiomodulation dependent on the state of arousal. We speculate that the effects of photobiomodulation is on different cells and systems depending on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, that it may follow a circadian rhythm. We speculate further that the arousal-dependent photobiomodulation effects are mediated principally through a biophoton – ultra-weak light emission – network of communication and repair across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Dole
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ann Liebert
- Governance and Research Department, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John Mitrofanis,
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103
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Zorova LD, Kovalchuk SI, Popkov VA, Chernikov VP, Zharikova AA, Khutornenko AA, Zorov SD, Plokhikh KS, Zinovkin RA, Evtushenko EA, Babenko VA, Pevzner IB, Shevtsova YA, Goryunov KV, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Do Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contain Functional Mitochondria? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137408. [PMID: 35806411 PMCID: PMC9266972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem cells have become an effective complement to the use in cell therapy of stem cells themselves, which has led to an explosion of research into the mechanisms of vesicle formation and their action. There is evidence demonstrating the presence of mitochondrial components in EV, but a definitive conclusion about whether EV contains fully functional mitochondria has not yet been made. In this study, two EV fractions derived from mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) and separated by their size were examined. Flow cytometry revealed the presence of mitochondrial lipid components capable of interacting with mitochondrial dyes MitoTracker Green and 10-nonylacridine orange; however, the EV response to the probe for mitochondrial membrane potential was negative. Detailed analysis revealed components from all mitochondria compartments, including house-keeping mitochondria proteins and DNA as well as energy-related proteins such as membrane-localized proteins of complexes I, IV, and V, and soluble proteins from the Krebs cycle. When assessing the functional activity of mitochondria, high variability in oxygen consumption was noted, which was only partially attributed to mitochondrial respiratory activity. Our findings demonstrate that the EV contain all parts of mitochondria; however, their independent functionality inside EV has not been confirmed, which may be due either to the absence of necessary cofactors and/or the EV formation process and, probably the methodology of obtaining EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Sergei I. Kovalchuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | | | - Anastasia A. Zharikova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Khutornenko
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | | | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
| | | | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Kirill V. Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.N.S.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.N.S.); +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.B.Z.)
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.N.S.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.N.S.); +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.B.Z.)
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104
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Weber-Stiehl S, Järke L, Castrillón-Betancur JC, Gilbert F, Sommer F. Mitochondrial Function and Microbial Metabolites as Central Regulators of Intestinal Immune Responses and Cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:919424. [PMID: 35847099 PMCID: PMC9277123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy and anabolic metabolism are essential for normal cellular homeostasis but also play an important role in regulating immune responses and cancer development as active immune and cancer cells show an altered metabolic profile. Mitochondria take a prominent position in these metabolic reactions. First, most key energetic reactions take place within or in conjunction with mitochondria. Second, mitochondria react to internal cues from within the cell but also to external cues originating from the microbiota, a vast diversity of associated microorganisms. The impact of the microbiota on host physiology has been largely investigated in the last decade revealing that the microbiota contributes to the extraction of calories from the diet, energy metabolism, maturation of the immune system and cellular differentiation. Thus, changes in the microbiota termed dysbiosis have been associated with disease development including metabolic diseases, inflammation and cancer. Targeting the microbiota to modulate interactions with the mitochondria and cellular metabolism to delay or inhibit disease development and pathogenesis appears an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we summarize recent advances in developing the therapeutic potential of microbiota-mitochondria interactions for inflammation and cancer.
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105
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Mitochondrial DNA Efflux Maintained in Gingival Fibroblasts of Patients with Periodontitis through ROS/mPTP Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1000213. [PMID: 35720188 PMCID: PMC9201712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Aberrant mtDNA is associated with inflammatory diseases. mtDNA is believed to induce inflammation via the abnormal mtDNA release. Periodontitis is an infectious, oral inflammatory disease. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) have shown to generate higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress and have decreased mtDNA copy number. Firstly, cell-free mtDNA was identified in plasma from CP mice through qRT-PCR. Next, we investigated whether mtDNA efflux was maintained in primary cultures of HGFs from CP patients and the possible underlying mechanisms using adenovirus-mediated transduction live cell imaging and qRT-PCR analysis. Here, we reported that mtDNA was increased in plasma from the CP mice. Additionally, we confirmed that CP HGFs had significant mtDNA efflux from mitochondria compared with healthy HGFs. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis can also cause mtDNA release in healthy HGFs. Mechanistically, LPS upregulated ROS levels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)2 expression, resulting in mtDNA release. Importantly, mtDNA efflux was even persistent in HGFs after LPS was removed and cells were passaged to the next three generations, indicating that mtDNA abnormalities were retained in HGFs in vitro, similar to the primary hosts. Taken together, our results elucidate that mtDNA efflux was maintained in HGFs from periodontitis patients through abnormal ROS/mPTP activity. Therefore, our work indicates that persistent mtDNA efflux may be a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target for patients with periodontitis.
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106
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. A new hope: Mitochondria, a critical factor in the war against prions. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:113-123. [PMID: 35623560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases encompass a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders that occur due to the misfolding and aggregation of infectious proteins. The most well-known prion diseases are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as mad cow disease), and kuru. It is estimated that around 1-2 persons per million worldwide are affected annually by prion disorders. Infectious prion proteins propagate in the brain, clustering in the cells and rapidly inducing tissue degeneration and death. Prion disease alters cell metabolism and energy production damaging mitochondrial function and dynamics leading to a fast accumulation of damage. Dysfunction of mitochondria could be considered as an early precursor and central element in the pathogenesis of prion diseases such as in sporadic CJD. Preserving mitochondria function may help to resist the rapid spread and damage of prion proteins and even clearance. In the war against prions and other degenerative diseases, studying how to preserve the function of mitochondria by using antioxidants and even replacing them with artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T) may bring a new hope and lead to an increase in patients' survival. In this perspective review, we provide key insights about the relationship between the progression of prion disease and mitochondria, in which understanding how protecting mitochondria function and viability by using antioxidants or AMT/T may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
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107
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Wang ZH, Chen L, Li W, Chen L, Wang YP. Mitochondria transfer and transplantation in human health and diseases. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:80-87. [PMID: 35623561 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cell metabolism. Disorders in mitochondrial function impair tissue integrity and have been implicated in multiple human diseases. Rather than constrained in host cells, mitochondria were recently found to actively travel between cells through nanotubes or extracellular vesicles. Mitochondria transportation represents a key mechanism of intercellular communication implicated in metabolic homeostasis, immune response, and stress signaling. Here we reviewed recent progress in mitochondria transfer under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, tumor cells imported mitochondria from adjacent cells in the microenvironment which potentially modulated cancer progression. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking also inspired therapeutic intervention of human diseases with mitochondria transplantation. Artificial mitochondria, generated through mitochondria genome engineering or mitochondria-nucleus hybridization, further advanced our understanding of mitochondrial biology and its therapeutic potential. Innovative tools and animal models of mitochondria transplantation will assist the development of new therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China.
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108
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Cai Z, Huang Y, He B. New Insights into Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:1424. [PMID: 35563728 PMCID: PMC9104938 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic that poses a severe threat to human health. Evidence suggests that many obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases, are related to obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation. Macrophages are the primary immune cells involved in obesity-associated inflammation in both mice and humans. Intensive research over the past few years has yielded tremendous progress in our understanding of the additional roles of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) beyond classical M1/M2 polarization in obesity and related comorbidities. In this review, we first characterize the diverse subpopulations of ATMs in the context of obesity. Furthermore, we review the recent advance on the role of the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and ATMs in obesity. Finally, we focus on the extended crosstalk within adipose tissue between perivascular mesenchymal cells and ATMs. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie obesity will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to prevent or treat this disease and its associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China; (Z.C.); (Y.H.)
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109
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Lin MW, Fang SY, Hsu JYC, Huang CY, Lee PH, Huang CC, Chen HF, Lam CF, Lee JS. Mitochondrial Transplantation Attenuates Neural Damage and Improves Locomotor Function After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:800883. [PMID: 35495036 PMCID: PMC9039257 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.800883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of secondary neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal death in spinal cord injury (SCI). Even though mitochondria-based therapy is an attractive therapeutic option for SCI, the efficacy of transplantation of allogeneic mitochondria in the treatment of SCI remains unclear. Herein, we determined the therapeutic effects of mitochondrial transplantation in the traumatic SCI rats. Compressive SCI was induced by applying an aneurysm clip on the T10 spinal cord of rats. A 100-μg bolus of soleus-derived allogeneic mitochondria labeled with fluorescent tracker was transplanted into the injured spinal cords. The results showed that the transplanted mitochondria were detectable in the injured spinal cord up to 28 days after treatment. The rats which received mitochondrial transplantation exhibited better recovery of locomotor and sensory functions than those who did not. Both the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and severity of demyelination in the injured cord were reduced in the mitochondrial transplanted groups. Mitochondrial transplantation also alleviated SCI-induced cellular apoptosis and inflammation responses. These findings suggest that transplantation of allogeneic mitochondria at the early stage of SCI reduces mitochondrial fragmentation, neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, and generation of oxidative stress, thus leading to improved functional recovery following traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu C. Hsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Huang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lee
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jung-Shun Lee,
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110
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Tao LC, Wang TT, Zheng L, Hua F, Li JJ. The Role of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:399-408. [PMID: 35410981 PMCID: PMC9424338 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is described as abnormalities of myocardial structure and function in diabetic patients without other well-established cardiovascular factors. Although multiple pathological mechanisms involving in this unique myocardial disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in its development of DCM. Recently, considerable progresses have suggested that mitochondrial biogenesis is a tightly controlled process initiating mitochondrial generation and maintaining mitochondrial function, appears to be associated with DCM. Nonetheless, an outlook on the mechanisms and clinical relevance of dysfunction in mitochondrial biogenesis among patients with DCM is not completely understood. In this review, hence, we will summarize the role of mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in the development of DCM, especially the molecular underlying mechanism concerning the signaling pathways beyond the stimulation and inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, the evaluations and potential therapeutic strategies regarding mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in DCM is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Tao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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111
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Maarman GJ. Reviewing the suitability of mitochondrial transplantation as therapeutic approach for pulmonary hypertension in the era of personalised medicine. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L641-L646. [PMID: 35318860 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00484.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease, defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg. It is caused, in part, by mitochondrial dysfunction. Among the various biological therapies proposed to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, evidence going back as far as 2009, suggests that mitochondrial transplantation is an alternative. Although scant, recent PH findings and other literature supports a role for mitochondrial transplantation as a therapeutic approach in the context of PH. In experimental models of PH, it confers beneficial effects that include reduced pulmonary vasoconstriction, reduced pulmonary vascular remodelling, and improved right ventricular function. It also reduces the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. However, first, we must understand that more research is needed before mitochondrial transplantation can be considered an effective therapy in the clinical setting, as many of the mechanisms or potential long-term risks are still unknown. Second, the current challenges of mitochondrial transplantation are surmountable and should not deter researchers from further investigating its effectiveness and trying to overcome these challenges in creative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Maarman
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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112
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Argueta-Zamora D, Sanon S, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. The war against Alzheimer, the mitochondrion strikes back! Mitochondrion 2022; 64:125-135. [PMID: 35337984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading neurodegenerative pathology associated with aging worldwide. It is estimated that AD prevalence will increase from 5.8 million people today to 13.8 million by 2050 in the United States alone. AD effects in the brain are well known; however, there is still a lack of knowledge about the cellular mechanisms behind the origin of AD. It is known that AD induces cellular stress affecting the energy metabolism in brain cells. During the pathophysiological advancement of AD, damaged mitochondria enter a vicious cycle, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), harming mitochondrial DNA and proteins, leading to more ROS and cellular death. Additionally, mitochondria are interconnected with the plaques formed by amyloid-β in AD and have underlying roles in the progression of the disease and severity. For years, the biomedical field struggled to develop new therapeutic options for AD without a significant advancement. However, mitochondria are striking back existing outside cells in a new mechanism of intercellular communication. Extracellular mitochondria are exchanged from healthy to damaged cells to rescue those with a perturbed metabolism in a process that could be applied as a new therapeutic option to repair those brain cells affected by AD. In this review we highlight key aspects of mitochondria's role in CNS' physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on AD. We also suggest how mitochondria strikes back as a therapeutic target and as a potential agent to be transplanted to repair neurons affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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113
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Velarde F, Ezquerra S, Delbruyere X, Caicedo A, Hidalgo Y, Khoury M. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria: mechanisms and functional impact. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:177. [PMID: 35247083 PMCID: PMC11073024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a steadily growing interest in the use of mitochondria as therapeutic agents. The use of mitochondria derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for therapeutic purposes represents an innovative approach to treat many diseases (immune deregulation, inflammation-related disorders, wound healing, ischemic events, and aging) with an increasing amount of promising evidence, ranging from preclinical to clinical research. Furthermore, the eventual reversal, induced by the intercellular mitochondrial transfer, of the metabolic and pro-inflammatory profile, opens new avenues to the understanding of diseases' etiology, their relation to both systemic and local risk factors, and also leads to new therapeutic tools for the control of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. To this end, we illustrate in this review, the triggers and mechanisms behind the transfer of mitochondria employed by MSCs and the underlying benefits as well as the possible adverse effects of MSCs mitochondrial exchange. We relay the rationale and opportunities for the use of these organelles in the clinic as cell-based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Velarde
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Ezquerra
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Delbruyere
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maroun Khoury
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
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114
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Lima T, Li TY, Mottis A, Auwerx J. Pleiotropic effects of mitochondria in aging. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:199-213. [PMID: 37118378 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging is typified by a progressive decline in mitochondrial activity and stress resilience. Here, we review how mitochondrial stress pathways have pleiotropic effects on cellular and systemic homeostasis, which can comprise protective or detrimental responses during aging. We describe recent evidence arguing that defects in these conserved adaptive pathways contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Signaling pathways regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and mitophagy are discussed, emphasizing how their failure contributes to heteroplasmy and de-regulation of key metabolites. Our current understanding of how these processes are controlled and interconnected explains how mitochondria can widely impact fundamental aspects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanes Lima
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Yang Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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115
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Mahshid SS, Higazi AM, Ogier JM, Dabdoub A. Extracellular Biomarkers of Inner Ear Disease and Their Potential for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104033. [PMID: 34957708 PMCID: PMC8948604 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic testing has become a mainstay of patient care, using easily obtained samples such as blood or urine to facilitate sample analysis at the point-of-care. These tests rely on the detection of disease or organ-specific biomarkers that have been well characterized for a particular disorder. Currently, there is no rapid diagnostic test for hearing loss, which is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders in the world. In this review, potential biomarkers for inner ear-related disorders, their detection, and quantification in bodily fluids are described. The authors discuss lesion-specific changes in cell-free deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs), proteins, and metabolites, in addition to recent biosensor advances that may facilitate rapid and precise detection of these molecules. Ultimately, these biomarkers may be used to provide accurate diagnostics regarding the site of damage in the inner ear, providing practical information for individualized therapy and assessment of treatment efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONM4N 3M5Canada
| | - Aliaa Monir Higazi
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONM4N 3M5Canada
- Department of Clinical and Chemical PathologyMinia UniversityMinia61519Egypt
| | - Jacqueline Michelle Ogier
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONM4N 3M5Canada
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONM4N 3M5Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5G 2C4Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 1A8Canada
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116
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Noboa L, Argueta-Zamora D, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. Fighting Parkinson's disease: the return of the mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:34-44. [PMID: 35218960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, worldwide. PD neuro-energetically affects the extrapyramidal system, by the progressive loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor impairment. During the progression of PD, there will be an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), stress and accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons. This results in mitochondrial mutations altering their function and fission-fusion mechanisms and central nervous system (CNS) degeneration. Intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction has been studied for a long time in PD due to the decline of mitochondrial dynamics inside neurons. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been known to contribute to several CNS pathologies especially PD pathogenesis. New and exciting evidence regarding the exchange of mitochondria between healthy to damaged cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the therapeutic use of the artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT) marked a return of this organelle to develop innovative therapeutic procedures for PD. The focus of this review aims to shed light on the role of mitochondria, both intra and extracellularly in PD, and how AMT could be used to generate new potential therapies in the fight against PD. Moreover, we suggest that mitochondrial therapy could work as a preventative measure, motivating the field to move towards this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Noboa
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; 7 Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
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117
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Pastor B, Abraham JD, Pisareva E, Sanchez C, Kudriavstev A, Tanos R, Mirandola A, Mihalovičová L, Pezzella V, Adenis A, Ychou M, Mazard T, Thierry AR. Association of neutrophil extracellular traps with the production of circulating DNA in patients with colorectal cancer. iScience 2022; 25:103826. [PMID: 35198886 PMCID: PMC8844218 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that a significant part of circulating DNA (cirDNA) originates in the degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this study, we examined the plasma level of two markers of NETs (myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE)), as well as cirDNA levels in 219 patients with a metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and in 114 healthy individuals (HI). We found that in patients with mCRC the content of these analytes was (i) highly correlated, and (ii) all statistically different (p < 0.0001) than in HI (N = 114). These three NETs markers may readily distinguish between patients with mCRC from HI, (0.88, 0.86, 0.84, and 0.95 AUC values for NE, MPO, cirDNA, and NE + MPO + cirDNA, respectively). Concomitant analysis of anti-phospholipid (anti-cardiolipin), NE, MPO, and cirDNA plasma concentrations in patients with mCRC might have value for thrombosis prevention, and suggested that NETosis may be a critical factor in the immunological response/phenomena linked to tumor progression. NETs markers correlate with cirDNA amounts in patients with mCRC not in healthy subjects Quantifying NETs markers and cirDNA could distinguish mCRC from healthy subjects Analysis of NETs markers, cirDNA, and aPL may have value for thrombosis prevention A strong fraction of cirDNA concentration could be derived from NETs in patients with mCRC
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Pastor
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Abraham
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Ekaterina Pisareva
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Cynthia Sanchez
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Andrei Kudriavstev
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Rita Tanos
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Alexia Mirandola
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Lucia Mihalovičová
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava 811 08, Slovakia
| | | | - Antoine Adenis
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Ychou
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Mazard
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), Montpellier, France
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118
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A Method for Evaluation of the Level of Circulating Mitochondrial DNA by ND1 and ND2 Genes. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:495-498. [PMID: 35175481 PMCID: PMC8853029 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the blood is a difficult problem due to high variability of mitochondrial genes, deletions in the mitochondrial genome in some pathological conditions, different sources of mtDNA into the bloodstream (mtDNA from tissues, from blood cells, etc.). We designed primers and TaqMan probes for highly conserved regions of the ND1 and ND2 genes outside the mitochondrial deletions “hot zones”. For standardizing the technique, the true concentration of low-molecular-weight mtDNA was determined by real-time PCR for two targets: a fragment of the ND2 gene (122 bp) and the ND1 and ND2 genes (1198 bp). The sensitivity and specificity of the developed approach were verified on a DNA pool isolated from the blood plasma of healthy donors of various nationalities. The concentration of low-molecular-weight mtDNA in the blood plasma of two patients with COVID-19 was monitored over two weeks of inpatient treatment. A significant increase in the content of low-molecular-weight mtDNA was observed during the first 5 days after hospitalization, followed by a drop to the level of healthy donors. The developed technique makes it possible to assess the blood level of low-molecular-weight mtDNA regardless of the quality of sampling and makes it possible to standardize this biological marker in a wide range of infectious and non-infectious pathologies.
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119
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Vodičková A, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:1-18. [PMID: 35182728 PMCID: PMC9035127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal survival and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. The loss in mitochondrial energy production, oxidative stress, and changes in calcium handling are associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, different sites and types of mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to distinct neuropathologies. Understanding the causal or correlative relationship between changes in mitochondria and neuropathology will lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the evidence of site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-related clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss potential therapeutic approaches, such as mitochondrial transplantation, restoration of mitochondrial function, and pharmacological alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Vodičková
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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120
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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121
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Liebert A, Bicknell B, Laakso EL, Jalilitabaei P, Tilley S, Kiat H, Mitrofanis J. Remote Photobiomodulation Treatment for the Clinical Signs of Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series Conducted During COVID-19. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:112-122. [PMID: 34919459 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether remote application of photobiomodulation (PBM) is effective in reducing clinical signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). Background: PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure and few treatment options. There is a strong link between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and PD. PBM in animal models can reduce the signs of PD and protect the neurons from damage when applied directly to the head or to remote parts of the body. In a clinical study, PBM has been shown to improve clinical signs of PD for up to 1 year. Methods: Seven participants were treated with PBM to the abdomen and neck three times per week for 12 weeks. Participants were assessed for mobility, balance, cognition, fine motor skill, and sense of smell on enrolment, after 12 weeks of treatment in a clinic and after 33 weeks of home treatment. Results: A number of clinical signs of PD were shown to be improved by remote PBM treatment, including mobility, cognition, dynamic balance, spiral test, and sense of smell. Improvements were individual to the participant. Some improvements were lost for certain participants during at-home treatment, which coincided with a number of enforced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown periods. Conclusions: Remote application of PBM was shown to be an effective treatment for a number of clinical signs of PD, with some being maintained for 45 weeks, despite lockdown restrictions. Improvements in clinical signs were similar to those seen with the application of remote plus transcranial PBM treatment in a previous study. Clinical Trial Registration number: U1111-1205-2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liebert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sydney University, Camperdown, Australia.,Office of Research and Governance, Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | - E-Liisa Laakso
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | | | - Hosen Kiat
- Cardiac Health Institute, Epping, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sydney University, Camperdown, Australia
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122
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Cushen SC, Ricci CA, Bradshaw JL, Silzer T, Blessing A, Sun J, Zhou Z, Scroggins SM, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Phillips NR, Goulopoulou S. Reduced Maternal Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated With the Development of Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021726. [PMID: 35014857 PMCID: PMC9238514 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that reflects cell stress responses and tissue damage, but little is known about ccf-mtDNA in preeclampsia. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) absolute concentrations of ccf-mtDNA in plasma and mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and (2) forms of ccf-mtDNA transport in blood from women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. In addition, we sought to establish the association between aberrance in circulating DNA-related metrics, including ccf-mtDNA and DNA clearance mechanisms, and the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia using bootstrapped penalized logistic regression. Methods and Results Absolute concentrations of ccf-mtDNA were reduced in plasma from women with preeclampsia compared with healthy controls (P≤0.02), while mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not differ between groups (P>0.05). While the pattern of reduced ccf-mtDNA in patients with preeclampsia remained, DNA isolation from plasma using membrane lysis buffer resulted in 1000-fold higher ccf-mtDNA concentrations in the preeclampsia group (P=0.0014) and 430-fold higher ccf-mtDNA concentrations in the control group (P<0.0001). Plasma from women with preeclampsia did not induce greater Toll-like receptor-9-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells-dependent responses in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing the human TLR-9 gene (P>0.05). Penalized regression analysis showed that women with preeclampsia were more likely to have lower concentrations of ccf-mtDNA as well as higher concentrations of nuclear DNA and DNase I compared with their matched controls. Conclusions Women with preeclampsia have aberrant circulating DNA dynamics, including reduced ccf-mtDNA concentrations and DNA clearance mechanisms, compared with gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Cushen
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Contessa A Ricci
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Talisa Silzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Alexandra Blessing
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Sabrina M Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
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123
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Bradshaw JL, Cushen SC, Phillips NR, Goulopoulou S. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in pregnancy. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35001655 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) released upon cell injury or death stimulates diverse pattern recognition receptors to activate innate immune responses and initiate systemic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the temporal changes of ccf-mtDNA during pregnancy and its potential contribution to adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Spencer C Cushen
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, United States
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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124
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Lecoutre S, Clément K, Dugail I. Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Remodeling in the Light of Extracellular Mitochondria Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020632. [PMID: 35054817 PMCID: PMC8775592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is strongly associated with obesity and its metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is well established that lipid-overloaded adipose tissue produces a large range of secreted molecules that contribute a pro-inflammatory microenvironment which subsequently disseminates towards multi-organ metabolic homeostasis disruption. Besides physiopathological contribution of adipose-derived molecules, a new paradigm is emerging following the discovery that adipocytes have a propensity to extrude damaged mitochondria in the extracellular space, to be conveyed through the blood and taken up by cell acceptors, in a process called intercellular mitochondria transfer. This review summarizes the discovery of mitochondria transfer, its relation to cell quality control systems and recent data that demonstrate its relevant implication in the context of obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction.
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125
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Microbiome Changes in Humans with Parkinson's Disease after Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Retrospective Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010049. [PMID: 35055364 PMCID: PMC8778696 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on gut microbiome composition. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder with few management options, although the gut microbiome has been suggested as a potential avenue of treatment. We retrospectively analysed the microbiome from human stool samples from a previously published study, which had demonstrated the efficacy of photobiomodulation to treat Parkinson’s patients’ symptoms. Specifically, we have observed changes in the microbiome of Parkinson’s patients after a 12-week treatment regimen with photobiomodulation to the abdomen, neck, head and nose. Noted were positive changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, which is often interpreted as a proxy for gut health.
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126
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Therapeutic applications of mitochondrial transplantation. Biochimie 2022; 195:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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127
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Loyer X, Boulanger CM, Le Lay S. Adipocyte extracellular vesicles: rescuers of cardiac mitochondrial stress. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:1-3. [PMID: 34802873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient excess induces mitochondrial dysfunction, which participates in obesity-related complications. Obesity also associates with high cardiac oxidative stress, which contributes to myocardial dysfunction. Crewe et al. recently evidenced the pivotal role of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cardiac oxidative stress responses and revealed their unexpected protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Loyer
- Université de Paris, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Soazig Le Lay
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France; Université d'Angers, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
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128
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Arance E, Ramírez V, Rubio-Roldan A, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Romero-Cachinero C, Jódar-Reyes AB, Vazquez-Alonso F, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. Determination of Exosome Mitochondrial DNA as a Biomarker of Renal Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010199. [PMID: 35008363 PMCID: PMC8750318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Components of liquid biopsy are potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring renal cell carcinoma (RCC) status. The aim of our study was to examine mitochondrial genes (such as HV1 and CYB) included in exosomal fractions as promising and innovative biomarkers in RCC. We found that phase C containing different types of vesicles and phase F rich in exosomes with a high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content could be considered as powerful biomarkers for susceptibility to RCC. Interestingly, mtDNA was a good genetic marker when aggressiveness was evaluated. Abstract Here, the role of non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy was evaluated, mainly in exosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as promising, novel, and stable biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 140 fractions (named from B to F) obtained by ultracentrifugations of whole blood samples from 28 individuals (13 patients and 15 controls) were included. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) was conducted to characterized exosomal fraction. Subsequently, an analysis of digital PCR (dPCR) using the QuantStudio™ 3D Digital PCR platform was performed and the quantification of mtDNA copy number by QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System (qPCR) was developed. Moreover, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses were included using MiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). An F fraction, which contains all exosome data and all mitochondrial markers, was identified in dPCR and qPCR with statistically significant power (adjusted p values ≤ 0.03) when comparing cases and controls. Moreover, present analysis in mtDNA showed a relevant significance in RCC aggressiveness. To sum up, this is the first time a relation between exosomal mtDNA markers and clinical management of RCC is analyzed. We suggest a promising strategy for future liquid biopsy RCC analysis, although more analysis should be performed prior to application in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arance
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Viviana Ramírez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Roldan
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | | | - Catalina Romero-Cachinero
- Nursery Department. University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Jódar-Reyes
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), Department of Applied Physics, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fernando Vazquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500; Fax: +34-958-637-071
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, PTS Granada, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
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129
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Blandin A, Le Lay S. [Extracellular vesicles and metabolic diseases: Dangerous liaisons]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:1125-1132. [PMID: 34928216 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) correspond to a heterogeneous set of membrane nanovesicles secreted in the extracellular medium and circulating in the various fluids of the body. These EVs convey biological material (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) that they can transfer to target cells/tissues thus modulating their response and/or phenotype. The metabolic dysfunctions characterizing metabolic diseases associated with obesity are associated with changes in circulating EV concentrations as well as alterations in their content. The growing interest in EVs as new vectors of intercellular communication has led to question about their role in the development of metabolic complications. In this review, we will discuss the literature on circulating EVs as potential markers of metabolic diseases and then detail inter-organ dialogue based on this EV trafficking underlying the development of related obesity. Finally, we will discuss future avenues of research that will help to better understand the link between EVs and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Blandin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, Institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France - Univ Angers, SFR Interactions cellulaires et applications thérapeutiques (ICAT), F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, Institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France - Univ Angers, SFR Interactions cellulaires et applications thérapeutiques (ICAT), F-49000 Angers, France
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130
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Medini H, Zirman A, Mishmar D. Immune system cells from COVID-19 patients display compromised mitochondrial-nuclear expression co-regulation and rewiring toward glycolysis. iScience 2021; 24:103471. [PMID: 34812416 PMCID: PMC8599136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal for bioenergetics, as well as in cellular response to viral infections. Nevertheless, their role in COVID-19 was largely overlooked. Here, we analyzed available bulk RNA-seq datasets from COVID-19 patients and corresponding healthy controls (three blood datasets, N = 48 healthy, 119 patients; two respiratory tract datasets, N = 157 healthy, 524 patients). We found significantly reduced mtDNA gene expression in blood, but not in respiratory tract samples from patients. Next, analysis of eight single-cells RNA-seq datasets from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nasopharyngeal samples, and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (N = 1,192,243 cells), revealed significantly reduced mtDNA gene expression especially in immune system cells from patients. This is associated with elevated expression of nuclear DNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits, suggesting compromised mitochondrial-nuclear co-regulation. This, together with elevated expression of ROS-response genes and glycolysis enzymes in patients, suggest rewiring toward glycolysis, thus generating beneficial conditions for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our findings underline the centrality of mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID-19. mtDNA gene expression is downregulated in COVID-19 blood, but not in respiratory tract Decreased mtDNA gene expression disrupts mito-nuclear coordination mtDNA is downregulated and rewired toward glycolysis especially in immune system cells Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the etiology of COVID19
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Medini
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 40, Room 009, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amit Zirman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 40, Room 009, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 40, Room 009, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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131
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Chen J, Zhong J, Wang LL, Chen YY. Mitochondrial Transfer in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:771298. [PMID: 34901230 PMCID: PMC8661009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.771298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has been discovered in the cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, damaged cells transfer dysfunctional mitochondria toward recipient cells to ask for help and take up exogenous functional mitochondria to alleviate injury. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this review will provide perspectives on mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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132
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Macrophages transfer mitochondria to sensory neurons to resolve inflammatory pain. Neuron 2021; 110:613-626.e9. [PMID: 34921782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current paradigm is that inflammatory pain passively resolves following the cessation of inflammation. Yet, in a substantial proportion of patients with inflammatory diseases, resolution of inflammation is not sufficient to resolve pain, resulting in chronic pain. Mechanistic insight into how inflammatory pain is resolved is lacking. Here, we show that macrophages actively control resolution of inflammatory pain remotely from the site of inflammation by transferring mitochondria to sensory neurons. During resolution of inflammatory pain in mice, M2-like macrophages infiltrate the dorsal root ganglia that contain the somata of sensory neurons, concurrent with the recovery of oxidative phosphorylation in sensory neurons. The resolution of pain and the transfer of mitochondria requires expression of CD200 receptor (CD200R) on macrophages and the non-canonical CD200R-ligand iSec1 on sensory neurons. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for active resolution of inflammatory pain.
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133
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Emser SV, Schaschl H, Millesi E, Steinborn R. Extension of Mitogenome Enrichment Based on Single Long-Range PCR: mtDNAs and Putative Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides of Five Rodent Hibernators. Front Genet 2021; 12:685806. [PMID: 35027919 PMCID: PMC8749263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriching mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for sequencing entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be achieved by single long-range PCR. This avoids interference from the omnipresent nuclear mtDNA sequences (NUMTs). The approach is currently restricted to the use of samples collected from humans and ray-finned fishes. Here, we extended the use of single long-range PCR by introducing back-to-back oligonucleotides that target a sequence of extraordinary homology across vertebrates. The assay was applied to five hibernating rodents, namely alpine marmot, Arctic and European ground squirrels, and common and garden dormice, four of which have not been fully sequenced before. Analysis of the novel mitogenomes focussed on the prediction of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) providing another level of information encoded by mtDNA. The comparison of MOTS-c, SHLP4 and SHLP6 sequences across vertebrate species identified segments of high homology that argue for future experimentation. In addition, we evaluated four candidate polymorphisms replacing an amino acid in mitochondrially encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system that were reported in relation to cold-adaptation. No obvious pattern was found for the diverse sets of mammalian species that either apply daily or multiday torpor or otherwise cope with cold. In summary, our single long-range PCR assay applying a pair of back-to-back primers that target a consensus sequence motif of Vertebrata has potential to amplify (intact) mitochondrial rings present in templates from a taxonomically diverse range of vertebrates. It could be promising for studying novel mitogenomes, mitotypes of a population and mitochondrial heteroplasmy in a sensitive, straightforward and flexible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Emser
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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134
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Karbalaie K, Kiani-Esfahani A, Rasouli K, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have mitochondrial transfer ability in stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) co-culture system. Neurosci Lett 2021; 769:136392. [PMID: 34902517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA): which means these stromal cells induce neural differentiation where they are used as a substratum for embryonic stem cell (ESCs) culture. Recent studies show that mitochondria or mitochondrial products, as paracrine factors, can be released and transferred from one cell to another. With this information, we were curious to know whether in the SDIA co-culture system, SHED release or donate their mitochondria to ESCs. For this purpose, before co-culture, SHED s' mitochondria and ESCs s' cell membranes were separately labeled with specific fluorescent probes. After co-culture, SHED s' mitochondria were tracked by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry analysis. Co-culture also performed in the presence of inhibitors that block probable transfer pathways suchlike tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions or vesicles. Results showed that mitochondrial transfer takes place from SHED to ESCs. This transfer partly occurs by tunneling nanotubes and not through gap junctions or vesicles; also was not dependent on intracellular calcium level. This kind of horizontal gene transfer may open a new prospect for further research on probable role of mitochondria on fate choice and neural induction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Karbalaie
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Rasouli
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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135
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Amari L, Germain M. Mitochondrial Extracellular Vesicles - Origins and Roles. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:767219. [PMID: 34751216 PMCID: PMC8572053 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged in the last decade as critical cell-to-cell communication devices used to carry nucleic acids and proteins between cells. EV cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Within cells, mitochondria are responsible for a large range of metabolic reactions, but they can also produce damaging levels of reactive oxygen species and induce inflammation when damaged. Consistent with this, recent evidence suggests that EV-mediated transfer of mitochondrial content alters metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. As EV mitochondrial content is also altered in some pathologies, this could have important implications for their diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we will discuss the nature and roles of mitochondrial EVs, with a special emphasis on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Amari
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire et Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire et Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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136
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Bisserier M, Shanmughapriya S, Rai AK, Gonzalez C, Brojakowska A, Garikipati VNS, Madesh M, Mills PJ, Walsh K, Arakelyan A, Kishore R, Hadri L, Goukassian DA. Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA as a Potential Biomarker for Astronauts' Health. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022055. [PMID: 34666498 PMCID: PMC8751818 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Space travel–associated stressors such as microgravity or radiation exposure have been reported in astronauts after short‐ and long‐duration missions aboard the International Space Station. Despite risk mitigation strategies, adverse health effects remain a concern. Thus, there is a need to develop new diagnostic tools to facilitate early detection of physiological stress. Methods and Results We measured the levels of circulating cell‐free mitochondrial DNA in blood plasma of 14 astronauts 10 days before launch, the day of landing, and 3 days after return. Our results revealed a significant increase of cell‐free mitochondrial DNA in the plasma on the day of landing and 3 days after return with vast ~2 to 355‐fold interastronaut variability. In addition, gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed a significant increase in markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Conclusions Our study suggests that cell‐free mitochondrial DNA abundance might be a biomarker of stress or immune response related to microgravity, radiation, and other environmental factors during space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Heart and Vascular Institute PennState University Hershey PA
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Department of Emergency Medicine Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research InstituteOhio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Center for Precision Medicine University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio TX
| | - Agnieszka Brojakowska
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Department of Emergency Medicine Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research InstituteOhio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Precision Medicine University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio TX
| | - Paul J Mills
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health University of California San Diego La Jolla CA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Bioinformatics Group The Institute of Molecular Biology The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia Yerevan Armenia
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translation Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - David A Goukassian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
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137
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Bobkova NV, Zhdanova DY, Belosludtseva NV, Penkov NV, Mironova GD. Intranasal administration of mitochondria improves spatial memory in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:416-425. [PMID: 34727745 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211056866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we found that functionally active mitochondria isolated from the brain of NMRI donor mice and administrated intranasally to recipient mice penetrated the brain structures in a dose-dependent manner. The injected mitochondria labeled with the MitoTracker Red localized in different brain regions, including the neocortex and hippocampus, which are responsible for memory and affected by degeneration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In behavioral experiments, intranasal microinjections of brain mitochondria of native NMRI mice improved spatial memory in the olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice with Alzheimer's type degeneration. Control OBX mice demonstrated loss of spatial memory tested in the Morris water maze. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that allogeneic mitochondria colocalized with the markers of astrocytes and neurons in hippocampal cell culture. The results suggest that a non-invasive route intranasal administration of mitochondria may be a promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized, like Alzheimer's disease, by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria Y Zhdanova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia V Belosludtseva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nikita V Penkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Galina D Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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138
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Irving H, Turek I, Kettle C, Yaakob N. Tapping into 5-HT 3 Receptors to Modify Metabolic and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111910. [PMID: 34769340 PMCID: PMC8584345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are ligand gated ion channels, which clearly distinguish their mode of action from the other G-protein coupled 5-HT or serotonin receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are well established targets for emesis and gastrointestinal mobility and are used as adjunct targets in treating schizophrenia. However, the distribution of these receptors is wider than the nervous system and there is potential that these additional sites can be targeted to modulate inflammatory and/or metabolic conditions. Recent progress in structural biology and pharmacology of 5-HT3 receptors have provided profound insights into mechanisms of their action. These advances, combined with insights into clinical relevance of mutations in genes encoding 5-HT3 subunits and increasing understanding of their implications in patient's predisposition to diseases and response to the treatment, open new avenues for personalized precision medicine. In this review, we recap on the current status of 5-HT3 receptor-based therapies using a biochemical and physiological perspective. We assess the potential for targeting 5-HT3 receptors in conditions involving metabolic or inflammatory disorders based on recent findings, underscoring the challenges and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Christine Kettle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Nor Yaakob
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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139
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De Gaetano A, Solodka K, Zanini G, Selleri V, Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Pinti M. Molecular Mechanisms of mtDNA-Mediated Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:2898. [PMID: 34831121 PMCID: PMC8616383 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their role in cell metabolism, mitochondria display many other functions. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the own genome of the organelle, plays an important role in modulating the inflammatory immune response. When released from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, mtDNA is recognized by cGAS, a cGAMP which activates a pathway leading to enhanced expression of type I interferons, and by NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1beta and Interleukin-18. Furthermore, mtDNA can be bound by Toll-like receptor 9 in the endosome and activate a pathway that ultimately leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. mtDNA is released in the extracellular space in different forms (free DNA, protein-bound DNA fragments) either as free circulating molecules or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discussed the latest findings concerning the molecular mechanisms that regulate the release of mtDNA from mitochondria, and the mechanisms that connect mtDNA misplacement to the activation of inflammation in different pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Kateryna Solodka
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
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140
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Protein Misfolding and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Roads to Biomarker Discovery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101508. [PMID: 34680141 PMCID: PMC8534011 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease among older adults. PD neuropathology is marked by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the widespread accumulation of misfolded intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn). Genetic mutations and post-translational modifications, such as α-syn phosphorylation, have been identified among the multiple factors supporting α-syn accrual during PD. A decline in the clearance capacity of the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosomal systems, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, have been indicated as major pathophysiological mechanisms of PD neurodegeneration. The accrual of misfolded α-syn aggregates into soluble oligomers, and the generation of insoluble fibrils composing the core of intraneuronal Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites observed during PD neurodegeneration, are ignited by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS activate the α-syn aggregation cascade and, together with the Lewy bodies, promote neurodegeneration. However, the molecular pathways underlying the dynamic evolution of PD remain undeciphered. These gaps in knowledge, together with the clinical heterogeneity of PD, have hampered the identification of the biomarkers that may be used to assist in diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognostication. Herein, we illustrate the main pathways involved in PD pathogenesis and discuss their possible exploitation for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559; Fax: +39-(06)-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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141
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Ghashghaeinia M, Mrowietz U. Human erythrocytes, nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) - from non-genomic to genomic research. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2091-2101. [PMID: 34559024 PMCID: PMC8565816 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1972557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enucleated mature human erythrocytes possess NFĸBs and their upstream kinases. There is a negative correlation between eryptosis (cell death of erythrocytes) and the amount of NFĸB subunits p50 and Rel A (p65). This finding is based on the fact that young erythrocytes have the highest levels of NFĸBs and the lowest eryptosis rate, while in old erythrocytes the opposite ratio prevails. Human erythrocytes (hRBCs) effectively control the homeostasis of the cell membrane permeable anti-inflammatory signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S). They endogenously produce H2S via both non-enzymic (glutathione-dependent) and enzymic processes (mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase-dependent). They uptake H2S from diverse tissues and very effectively degrade H2S via methemoglobin (Hb-Fe3+)-catalyzed oxidation. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the intensity of inflammatory diseases and endogenous levels of H2S. H2S deficiency has been observed in patients with diabetes, psoriasis, obesity, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, endogenous H2S deficiency results in impaired renal erythropoietin (EPO) production and EPO-dependent erythropoiesis. In general we can say: dynamic reciprocal interaction between tumor suppressor and oncoproteins, orchestrated and sequential activation of pro-inflammatory NFĸB heterodimers (RelA-p50) and the anti-inflammatory NFĸB-p50 homodimers for optimal inflammation response, appropriate generation, subsequent degradation of H2S etc., are prerequisites for a functioning cell and organism. Diseases arise when the fragile balance between different signaling pathways that keep each other in check is permanently disturbed. This work deals with the intact anti-inflammatory hRBCs and their role as guarantors to maintain the redox status in the physiological range, a basis for general health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Physiological Institute I, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Psoriasis-Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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142
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Montes de Oca Balderas P. Mitochondria-plasma membrane interactions and communication. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101164. [PMID: 34481840 PMCID: PMC8503596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells; however, they perform many other functions besides oxidative phosphorylation, including Ca2+ homeostasis, lipid metabolism, antiviral response, and apoptosis. Although other hypotheses exist, mitochondria are generally thought as descendants of an α-proteobacteria that adapted to the intracellular environment within an Asgard archaebacteria, which have been studied for decades as an organelle subdued by the eukaryotic cell. Nevertheless, several early electron microscopy observations hinted that some mitochondria establish specific interactions with certain plasma membrane (PM) domains in mammalian cells. Furthermore, recent findings have documented the direct physical and functional interaction of mitochondria and the PM, the organization of distinct complexes, and their communication through vesicular means. In yeast, some molecular players mediating this interaction have been elucidated, but only a few works have studied this interaction in mammalian cells. In addition, mitochondria can be translocated among cells through tunneling nanotubes or by other mechanisms, and free, intact, functional mitochondria have been reported in the blood plasma. Together, these findings challenge the conception of mitochondria as organelles subdued by the eukaryotic cell. This review discusses the evidence of the mitochondria interaction with the PM that has been long disregarded despite its importance in cell function, pathogenesis, and evolution. It also proposes a scheme of mitochondria–PM interactions with the intent to promote research and knowledge of this emerging pathway that promises to shift the current paradigms of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Montes de Oca Balderas
- Unidad de Neurobiología Dinámica, Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico; Lab. BL-305, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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143
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Picard M. Blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: What are we counting? Mitochondrion 2021; 60:1-11. [PMID: 34157430 PMCID: PMC8464495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is growing scientific interest to develop scalable biological measures that capture mitochondrial (dys)function. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It has been proposed that the number of mtDNA copies per cell (mtDNA copy number; mtDNAcn) reflects mitochondrial health. The common availability of stored DNA material or existing DNA sequencing data, especially from blood and other easy-to-collect samples, has made its quantification a popular approach in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, the interpretation of mtDNAcn is not univocal, and either a reduction or elevation in mtDNAcn can indicate dysfunction. The major determinants of blood-derived mtDNAcn are the heterogeneous cell type composition of leukocytes and platelet abundance, which can change with time of day, aging, and with disease. Hematopoiesis is a likely driver of blood mtDNAcn. Here we discuss the rationale and available methods to quantify mtDNAcn, the influence of blood cell type variations, and consider important gaps in knowledge that need to be resolved to maximize the scientific value around the investigation of blood mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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144
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Haupts A, Vogel A, Foersch S, Hartmann M, Maderer A, Wachter N, Huber T, Kneist W, Roth W, Lang H, Moehler M, Hartmann N. Comparative analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from tissue and liquid biopsies of colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16745. [PMID: 34408162 PMCID: PMC8373949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard for molecular profiling of colorectal cancer (CRC) is using resected or biopsied tissue specimens. However, they are limited regarding sampling frequency, representation of tumor heterogeneity, and sampling can expose patients to adverse side effects. The analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood plasma, which is part of a liquid biopsy, is minimally invasive and in principle enables detection of all tumor-specific mutations. Here, we analyzed cfDNA originating from nucleus and mitochondria and investigated their characteristics and mutation status in a cohort of 18 CRC patients and 10 healthy controls using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital PCR. Longitudinal analyses of nuclear cfDNA level and size during chemotherapy revealed a decreasing cfDNA content and a shift from short to long fragments, indicating an appropriate therapy response, while shortened cfDNAs and increased cfDNA content corresponded with tumor recurrence. Comparative NGS analysis of nuclear tissue and plasma DNA demonstrated a good patient-level concordance and cfDNA revealed additional variants in three of the cases. Analysis of mitochondrial cfDNA surprisingly revealed a higher plasma copy number in healthy subjects than in CRC patients. These results highlight the potential clinical utility of liquid biopsies in routine diagnostics and surveillance of CRC patients as complementation to tissue biopsies or as an attractive alternative in cases where tissue biopsies are risky or the quantity/quality does not allow testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haupts
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anne Vogel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Foersch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annett Maderer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wachter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Huber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kneist
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Georg Hospital Eisenach gGmbH, Mühlhäuser Straße 94, 99817, Eisenach, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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145
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Lin W, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang M, Lee WYW, Jiang X, Li G. Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum crosstalk during stem cell homeostasis and aging. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:794. [PMID: 34400615 PMCID: PMC8368094 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy exerts profound therapeutic potential for curing a broad spectrum of diseases. Adult stem cells reside within a specified dynamic niche in vivo, which is essential for continuous tissue homeostatic maintenance through balancing self-renewal with lineage selection. Meanwhile, adult stem cells may be multipotent or unipotent, and are present in both quiescent and actively dividing states in vivo of the mammalians, which may switch to each other state in response to biophysical cues through mitochondria-mediated mechanisms, such as alterations in mitochondrial respiration and metabolism. In general, stem cells facilitate tissue repair after tissue-specific homing through various mechanisms, including immunomodulation of local microenvironment, differentiation into functional cells, cell "empowerment" via paracrine secretion, immunoregulation, and intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Interestingly, cell-source-specific features have been reported between different tissue-derived adult stem cells with distinct functional properties due to the different microenvironments in vivo, as well as differential functional properties in different tissue-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer capacity. Here, we summarized the current understanding on roles of mitochondrial dynamics during stem cell homeostasis and aging, and lineage-specific differentiation. Also, we proposed potential unique mitochondrial molecular signature features between different source-derived stem cells and potential associations between stem cell aging and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication, as well as potential novel strategies for anti-aging intervention and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shuxun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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146
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García-Chávez JN, Vásquez-Garzón VR, López MG, Villa-Treviño S, Montiel R. Integration of chronological omics data reveals mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256016. [PMID: 34383828 PMCID: PMC8360386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in multiple functions in eukaryotic cells. Although disruption of mitochondrial function has been associated with energetic deregulation in cancer, the chronological changes in mitochondria during cancer development remain unclear. With the aim to assess the role of mitochondria throughout cancer development, we analyzed samples chronologically obtained from induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. In our analyses, we integrated mitochondrial proteomic data, mitochondrial metabolomic data and nuclear genome transcriptomic data. We used pathway over-representation and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to integrate expression profiles of genes, miRNAs, proteins and metabolite levels throughout HCC development. Our results show that mitochondria are dynamic organelles presenting specific modifications in different stages of HCC development. We also found that mitochondrial proteomic profiles from tissues adjacent to nodules or tumor are determined more by the stage of HCC development than by tissue type, and we evaluated two models to predict HCC stage of the samples using proteomic profiles. Finally, we propose an omics integration pipeline to massively identify molecular features that could be further evaluated as key regulators, biomarkers or therapeutic targets. As an example, we show a group of miRNAs and transcription factors as candidates, responsible for mitochondrial metabolic modification in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Noé García-Chávez
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | - Mercedes G. López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
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147
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Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses against infectious diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2823-2838. [PMID: 33155647 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can initiate an innate immune response when mislocalized in a compartment other than the mitochondrial matrix. mtDNA plays significant roles in regulating mitochondrial dynamics as well as mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). The mislocalized extra-mtDNA can elicit innate immune response via cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) pathway, inducing the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Also, cytosolic damaged mtDNA is cleared up by various pathways which are responsible for participating in the activation of inflammatory responses. Four pathways of extra-mitochondrial mtDNA clearance are highlighted in this review - the inflammasome activation mechanism, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, recognition by Toll-like receptor 9 and transfer of mtDNA between cells packaged into extracellular vesicles. Anomalies in these pathways are associated with various diseases. We posit our review in the present pandemic situation and discuss how mtDNA elicits innate immune responses against different viruses and bacteria. This review gives a comprehensive picture of the role of extra-mitochondrial mtDNA in infectious diseases and speculates that research towards its understanding would help establish its therapeutic potential.
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148
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Yang B, Hui J, Zhang C, Fang H, Bian X, Tao M, Lu Y, Shang Z. Extracellular Mitochondrial Components and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1131-1143. [PMID: 34370602 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria released into extracellular space act as intercellular signaling. Mitochondria and their components mediate cell-to-cell communication in free form or embedded in a carrier. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is complex, which shows close relationship with inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Since mitochondria sustain optimal function of the heart, extracellular mitochondria are emerging as a key regulator in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide recent findings in the presence and forms of mitochondria transfer between cells, as well as the effects of these mitochondria on vascular inflammation and ischemic myocardium. Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel treatment paradigm for patients suffering from acute cardiovascular accident and challenges the traditional methods of mitochondria isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjiao Hui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yipeng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenglu Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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149
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Valenti D, Vacca RA, Moro L, Atlante A. Mitochondria Can Cross Cell Boundaries: An Overview of the Biological Relevance, Pathophysiological Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives of Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8312. [PMID: 34361078 PMCID: PMC8347886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex intracellular organelles traditionally identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells due to their central role in bioenergetic metabolism. In recent decades, the growing interest in mitochondria research has revealed that these multifunctional organelles are more than just the cell powerhouses, playing many other key roles as signaling platforms that regulate cell metabolism, proliferation, death and immunological response. As key regulators, mitochondria, when dysfunctional, are involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of metabolic, neurodegenerative, immune and neoplastic disorders. Far more recently, mitochondria attracted renewed attention from the scientific community for their ability of intercellular translocation that can involve whole mitochondria, mitochondrial genome or other mitochondrial components. The intercellular transport of mitochondria, defined as horizontal mitochondrial transfer, can occur in mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, and in physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial transfer can provide an exogenous mitochondrial source, replenishing dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby improving mitochondrial faults or, as in in the case of tumor cells, changing their functional skills and response to chemotherapy. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of the up-to-date knowledge on intercellular trafficking of mitochondria by discussing its biological relevance, mode and mechanisms underlying the process and its involvement in different pathophysiological contexts, highlighting its therapeutic potential for diseases with mitochondrial dysfunction primarily involved in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.V.); (L.M.)
| | | | | | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.V.); (L.M.)
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150
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Castillo Ferrer C, Berthenet K, Ichim G. Apoptosis - Fueling the oncogenic fire. FEBS J 2021; 288:4445-4463. [PMID: 33179432 PMCID: PMC8451771 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro-oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo Ferrer
- Cancer Target and Experimental TherapeuticsInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM U1209CNRS UMR5309Grenoble Alpes UniversityFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
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