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An immune checkpoint score system for prognostic evaluation and adjuvant chemotherapy selection in gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6352. [PMID: 33311518 PMCID: PMC7732987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive molecules are extremely valuable prognostic biomarkers across different cancer types. However, the diversity of different immunosuppressive molecules makes it very difficult to accurately predict clinical outcomes based only on a single immunosuppressive molecule. Here, we establish a comprehensive immune scoring system (ISSGC) based on 6 immunosuppressive ligands (NECTIN2, CEACAM1, HMGB1, SIGLEC6, CD44, and CD155) using the LASSO method to improve prognostic accuracy and provide an additional selection strategy for adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC). The results show that ISSGC is an independent prognostic factor and a supplement of TNM stage for GC patients, and it can improve their prognosis prediction accuracy; in addition, it can distinguish GC patients with better prognosis from those with high prognostic nutritional index score; furthermore, ISSGC can also be used as a tool to select GC patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy independent of their TNM stages, MSI status and EBV status. Expression patterns of immune checkpoints in patients with gastric cancer remain poorly characterized. Here the authors propose an immune scoring system based on the expression of six immunosuppressive ligands to improve the prognostic accuracy in gastric cancer patients and drive the selection of candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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102
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Liang S, Li C, Gao Z, Li J, Zhao H, Yu J, Meng X. A nomogram to predict short-term outcome of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy based on pre/post-treatment inflammatory biomarkers and their dynamic changes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107178. [PMID: 33218939 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We initially aimed to investigate pre/post-treatment inflammatory biomarkers (pre/post-IBs) and their dynamic changes (delta-IBs) on the short-term outcome (STO) of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Furthermore, a nomogram was built to provide an accurate prediction of STO. METHODS The STO using the treatment response evaluation was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 at 1 month after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The IBs (absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), and lymphocyte/monocyte (LMR)) and clinical variables were collected and analyzed from 398 ESCC patients at Shandong Cancer Hospital between 2015 and 2019. The nomogram was then established for predicting STO. RESULTS Pre-ALC and pre-LMR significantly increased, pre-NLR and pre-PLR significantly decreased during radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (all P < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between delta-NLR as well as delta-PLR (r = 0.621) and delta-LMR (r = 0.613), whereas a negatively correlated between delta-LMR and delta-PLR (r = -0.573). Multivariate analysis indicated that gender [OR, 0.473; 95%CI, 0.274-0.816; P = 0.007], pre-ALC [OR, 0.554; 95%CI, 0.335-0.915; P = 0.021], pre-NLR [OR, 3.176; 95%CI, 1.733-5.823; P < 0.001], post-NLR [OR, 2.418; 95%CI, 1.271-4.600; P = 0.007] and delta-NLR [OR, 1.929; 95%CI, 1.035-3.595; P = 0.039] were statistically significant with STO. And c-index of the nomogram established by combining all independent predictors for STO was 0.770 [95%CI, 0.719-0.820]. CONCLUSION Pre-NLR, pre-ALC, post-NLR, and delta-NLR were significant with STO in ESCC patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Further, pre-NLR had the best predictive value, and the developed nomogram with superior prediction ability for STO could assist in patients counseling and guide to make individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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103
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Chen T, Zhao L. Patrolling monocytes inhibit osteosarcoma metastasis to the lung. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23004-23016. [PMID: 33203789 PMCID: PMC7746373 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune infiltration is associated with osteosarcoma metastasis. However, previous studies have not accounted for the functional diversity of the cells involved in the immune response. We conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in metastatic and non-metastatic osteosarcoma tissues based on a deconvolution algorithm (CIBERSORT). Twenty-two immune cell subsets were evaluated for their association with the presence or absence of metastasis in osteosarcoma patients. A lack of monocytes was associated with osteosarcoma metastasis; however, the levels of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages and other immune cell subsets did not differ between the metastatic and non-metastatic groups. Additionally, a higher proportion of monocytes was associated with a better prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. Animal experiments demonstrated that the number of metastatic nodules was higher in mice lacking patrolling monocytes than in control mice. Our data indicated that the cellular composition of the immune infiltrate may subtly differ among osteosarcoma patients, and that patrolling monocytes inhibit osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs of mice. Thus, the composition of the immune infiltrate and the level of patrolling monocytes may be important determinants of whether metastasis occurs in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Patil VM, Singh GK, Noronha V, Joshi A, Menon N, Lashkar SG, Mathrudev V, Satam KN, Mukadam SA, Prabhash K. Lymphopenia during chemoradiation-foe or friend. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1109. [PMID: 33144877 PMCID: PMC7581337 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe lymphopenia during treatment is considered to be a poor prognostic factor. The current literature lacks information regarding its impact on various outcomes in locally advanced head-and-neck cancer patients in a prospective setting. Methods We recently published a randomised study comparing cisplatin–radiation with nimotuzumab cisplatin–radiation. The database of this study was used for the present analysis. The impact of severe lymphopenia (grade 4 lymphopenia) on progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) was studied using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to see the effect of various factors on the development of severe lymphopenia. Results We had a total of 536 patients, of which 521 patients (97.7%) developed lymphopenia. Grade 1 lymphopenia was noted in 10 (1.9%) patients, grade 2 in 100 (18.8%), grade 3 in 338 (63.1%) and grade 4 in 73 (13.7%) patients. The median PFS was 20.53 and 60.33 months in severe and non-severe lymphopenia, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.797; p-value = 0.208). The median duration of LRC was 56.3 months in severe lymphopenia, whereas it was not reached in non-severe lymphopenia (hazard ratio, 0.81; p-value = 0.337). The median OS was 28.46 versus 47.13 months in severe and non-severe lymphopenia, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.76; p-value = 0.11). Of various risk factors, gender was significantly associated with severe lymphopenia. Conclusion The occurrence of severe lymphopenia was not significantly associated with the outcomes. Gender is the only risk factor significantly linked to severe lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India.,Co-first author
| | - Gunjesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India.,Co-first author
| | - Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Nandini Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India
| | | | | | - Kavita Nawale Satam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India
| | | | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India
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Biswas T, Kang KH, Gawdi R, Bajor D, Machtay M, Jindal C, Efird JT. Using the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) as a Mid-Treatment Marker for Survival among Patients with Stage-III Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7995. [PMID: 33143164 PMCID: PMC7662688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is an important marker of immune function, defined as the product of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet count (P). Higher baseline SII levels have been associated with improved survival in various types of cancers, including lung cancer. Data were obtained from PROCLAIM, a randomized phase III trial comparing two different chemotherapy regimens pemetrexed + cisplatin (PEM) vs. etoposide + cisplatin (ETO), in combination with radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of stage III non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to determine if SII measured at the mid-treatment window for RT (weeks 3-4) is a significant predictor of survival, and if the effect of PEM vs. ETO differs by quartile (Q) level of SII. Hazard-ratios (HR) for survival were estimated using a proportional hazards model, accounting for the underlying correlated structure of the data. A total of 548 patients were included in our analysis. The median age at baseline was 59 years. Patients were followed for a median of 24 months. Adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, race, and chemotherapy regimen, SII was a significant mid-treatment predictor of both overall (adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.6, p < 0.0001; OS) and progression-free (aHR = 1.3, p = 0.0072; PFS) survival. Among patients with mid-RT SII values above the median (6.8), those receiving PEM (vs. ETO) had superior OS (p = 0.0002) and PFS (p = 0.0002). Our secondary analysis suggests that SII is an informative mid-treatment marker of OS and PFS in locally advanced non-squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Biswas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Kylie H. Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Rohin Gawdi
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - David Bajor
- Medical Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Mitchell Machtay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Charu Jindal
- Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Health Services Research and Development (DVAHCS/Duke Affiliated Center), Durham, NC 27705, USA
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A Methylation-Based Reclassification of Bladder Cancer Based on Immune Cell Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103054. [PMID: 33092083 PMCID: PMC7593922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer (BC) development is highly related to immune cell infiltration. In this study, we aimed to construct a new classification of bladder cancer molecular subtypes based on immune-cell-associated CpG(Methylation) sites. The classification was accurate and stable. BC patients were successfully divided into three subtypes based on the immune-cell-associated CpG sites. The clinicopathologic features, distribution of immune cells, level of expression of checkpoints, stromal score, immune score, ESTIMATEScore, tumor purity, APC co_inhibition, APC co_stimulation, HLA, MHC class_I, Type I IFN_respons, Type II IFN response, and DNA stemness score (DNAss) presented significant differences among the three subgroups. The specific genomic alteration was also different across subgroups. High-level immune infiltration showed a correlation with high-level methylation. A lower RNA stemness score (RNAss) was associated with higher immune infiltration. Cluster 2 demonstrated a better response to chemotherapy. The anti-cancer targeted drug therapy results are different among the three subgroups. Abstract Background: Bladder cancer is highly related to immune cell infiltration. This study aimed to develop a new classification of BC molecular subtypes based on immune-cell-associated CpG sites. Methods: The genes of 28 types of immune cells were obtained from previous studies. Then, methylation sites corresponding to immune-cell-associated genes were acquired. Differentially methylated sites (DMSs) were identified between normal samples and bladder cancer samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis of differentially methylated sites was performed to divide the sites into several subtypes. Then, the potential mechanism of different subtypes was explored. Results: Bladder cancer patients were divided into three groups. The cluster 3 subtype had the best prognosis. Cluster 1 had the poorest prognosis. The distribution of immune cells, level of expression of checkpoints, stromal score, immune score, ESTIMATEScore, tumor purity, APC co_inhibition, APC co_stimulation, HLA, MHC class_I, Type I IFN Response, Type II IFN Response, and DNAss presented significant differences among the three subgroups. The distribution of genomic alterations was also different. Conclusions: The proposed classification was accurate and stable. BC patients could be divided into three subtypes based on the immune-cell-associated CpG sites. Specific biological signaling pathways, immune mechanisms, and genomic alterations were varied among the three subgroups. High-level immune infiltration was correlated with high-level methylation. The lower RNAss was associated with higher immune infiltration. The study of the intratumoral immune microenvironment may provide a new perspective for BC therapy.
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107
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Guo L, Ren H, Pu L, Zhu X, Liu Y, Ma X. The Prognostic Value of Inflammation Factors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Hepatic Artery Interventional Treatments: A Retrospective Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7173-7188. [PMID: 33061563 PMCID: PMC7520139 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s257934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic artery interventional therapy has been recognized as the first choice for advanced liver cancer. However, reliable prognostic markers are still lacking. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of inflammation factors including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatic artery interventional treatments. Methods Patients undergoing hepatic artery interventional therapy after being diagnosed with HCC between 2007 and 2014 were enrolled. Pre-treatment NLR, PLR and MLR were calculated, and all factors including gender, age, TNM stage, BCLC staging, inflammation factors, LDH, ALP, CEA, AFP, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, portal vein involvement, surgical history and hepatic artery interventional treatment on overall survival (OS) were evaluated by the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results Overall, 407 patients were included. The optimal cutoff values determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses for NLR, PLR and MLR were 3.82, 140.00 and 0.27, respectively. High NLR was associated with worse OS (median survival time: high NLR group 9 vs low NLR group 19 months, HR 1.842, 95% CI: 1.457–2.329, P<0.001). Elevated PLR was negatively correlated with OS (8 vs 18 months, HR 1.677, 95% CI: 1.302–2.161, P<0.001). Patients in high MLR group had a worse OS (10 vs 21 months, HR 1.626, 95% CI: 1.291–2.048, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NLR, LDH, ALP and portal vein involvement were independent prognostic factors for OS of HCC patients after hepatic artery interventional therapy. In addition, for patients in BCLC stage A and B, higher NLR, PLR and MLR were all significantly negatively correlated to median survival time (NLR: 17 vs 26 months, HR: 1.739 (95% CI: 1.279–2.365), P<0.001; PLR: 18 vs 26 months, HR: 1.681 (95% CI: 1.245–2.271), P=0.001; MLR: 20 vs 26 months, HR: 1.589 (95% CI: 1.185–2.129), P=0.002). Conclusion Elevated pre-treatment NLR, PLR and MLR were associated with worse survival time in HCC patients after hepatic artery interventional therapy. Among them, NLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Ren
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lutong Pu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Popper H. Primary tumor and metastasis-sectioning the different steps of the metastatic cascade. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2277-2300. [PMID: 33209649 PMCID: PMC7653118 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with lung cancer in the majority die of metastases. Treatment options include surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, targeted therapy by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and immuno-oncologic treatment. Despite the success with these treatment options, cure of lung cancer is achieved in only a very small proportion of patients. In most patients’ recurrence and metastasis will occur, and finally kill the patient. Metastasis is a multistep procedure. It requires a change in adhesion of tumor cells for detachment from their neighboring cells. The next step is migration either as single cells [epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)], or as cell clusters (hybrid-EMT or bulk migration). A combination of genetic changes is required to facilitate migration. Then tumor cells have to orient themselves along matrix proteins, detect oxygen concentrations, prevent attacks by immune cells, and induce a tumor-friendly switch of stroma cells (macrophages, myofibroblasts, etc.). Having entered the blood stream tumor cells need to adapt to shear stress, avoid being trapped by coagulation, but also use coagulation in small veins for adherence to endothelia, and express homing molecules for extravasation. Within a metastatic site, tumor cells need a well-prepared niche to establish a metastatic focus. Tumor cells again have to establish a vascular net for maintaining nutrition and oxygen supply, communicate with stroma cells, grow out and set further metastases. In this review the different steps will be discussed with a focus on pulmonary carcinomas. The vast amount of research manuscripts published so far are not easy to analyze: in most reports’ single steps of the metastatic cascade are interpreted as evidence for the whole process; for example, migration is interpreted as evidence for metastasis. In lung cancer most often latency periods are shorter, in between 1–5 years. In other cases, despite widespread migration occurs, tumor cells die within the circulation and do not reach a metastatic site. Therefore, migration is a requisite, but does not necessarily predict metastasis. The intention of this review is to point to these different aspects and hopefully provoke research directed into a more functional analysis of the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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109
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Majumder D, Debnath R, Maiti D. IL-27 along with IL-28B ameliorates the pulmonary redox impairment, inflammation and immunosuppression in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer bearing mice. Life Sci 2020; 260:118384. [PMID: 32898529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The major cause behind lung cancer development is exposure to various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) present in tobacco smoke, motor vehicle, and industrial exhaust. BaP is reported to induce the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix remodeling proteins. It is also responsible for dysfunction and exhaustion of the killing capacity of CD8+ T lymphocytes, one of the important components of the immune system which can kill tumor cells. We tried to evaluate the synergistic role of IL-27 and IL-28B in modulation of BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis associated with various hallmarks like pulmonary redox imbalance, angiogenesis, inflammation and cell proliferation in lung tissue. MAIN METHOD BaP was treated to Swiss albino mice to develop lung tumor. After the confirmation of lung tumor development Swiss albino mice were treated with IL-27 and IL-28B alone or in combination intraperitoneally. Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assay, western blot analysis, cell cytotoxicity assay, real-time PCR assay etc. were performed to evaluate the modulatory role of IL-27 and IL-28B. KEY FINDINGS We observed that IL-27 and IL-28B were able to suppress the expression of lung cancer-associated NFkB, COX-2, and iNOS. The expression of TNF-α, PCNA and some matrix remodeling enzymes were also modulated upon IL-27 and IL-28B treatment. Although the population of lung residing CD8+ T cells in tumor bearing lung tissue were unresponsive but the activity of systemic CD8+ cells was increased. SIGNIFICANCE Results hinted that IL-27 along with IL-28B were able to ameliorate various hallmarks ranging from angiogenesis to inflammation associated with the BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis. From this study, we propose that IL-27 and IL28B can be used as immunotherapeutic agent to regulate lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Majumder
- Immunology & Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India.
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Immunology & Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India.
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology & Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India.
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Li H, Wang W, Yang X, Lian J, Zhang S, Cao J, Zhang X, Song X, Jia S, Xue R. The Clinical Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Harboring EGFR Mutations. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5659-5665. [PMID: 32765069 PMCID: PMC7367746 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have explored the correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. However, little is known about the correlation between the pretreatment NLR and the prognosis of patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-harboring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. We sought to evaluate the predictive values in brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. Methods We retrospectively examined 133 patients with brain metastases (BMs) from lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. NLR was calculated using N/L, where N and L, respectively, refer to peripheral blood neutrophil (N) and lymphocyte (L) counts. The cut-off value of NLR was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC). The Log rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used to confirm the impact of NLR and other variables on survival. Results An NLR value equal to or less than 2.99 was associated with prolonged survival in this cohort of patients in both variable and multivariable analysis. Conclusion We concluded that NLR is an independent prognostic factor in BMs from lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. This could serve as a useful prognostic biomarker and could be incorporated in the clinical prognostic index specific to patients with BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Lian
- Department of Chemotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaqin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Xue
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Tian X, Xu W, Wang Y, Anwaier A, Wang H, Wan F, Zhu Y, Cao D, Shi G, Zhu Y, Qu Y, Zhang H, Ye D. Identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and prognostic validation of tumor-infiltrating mast cells in adrenocortical carcinoma: results from bioinformatics and real-world data. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1784529. [PMID: 32923148 PMCID: PMC7458645 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1784529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) and prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating mast cells (TIMC) in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Methods The gene expression profiles of ACC were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE90713, GSE12368). The abundance of TIICs in ACC samples was calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm and immunohistochemistry was used to identify mast cells of 39 tumor samples from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by LIMMA package using R software. Survival analysis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models. Results The abundance of mast cells (p = .008) was positively correlated with ACC patients' outcome in TCGA cohort and was also positively correlated with both overall survival (p < .05) and progression-free survival (p < .05) in FUSCC cohort. Different TIMC infiltrations showed significant changes in signaling pathways including DNA replication, nuclear chromosome segregation, and meiotic cell cycle process of ACC. In addition, elevated expression of eight hub genes (KIF18A, CDCA8, SKA1, CEP55, BUB1, CDK1, SGOL1, SGOL2) related to the abundance of TIMC in ACC was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of the patients. Conclusion In conclusion, higher TIMC infiltration was positively correlated with ACC patients' outcome in both TCGA and FUSCC cohort. Lower TIMC infiltration and elevated expression of hub genes (KIF18A, CDCA8, SKA1, CEP55, BUB1, CDK1, SGOL1, SGOL2) are markedly correlated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis, which might shed lights on novel targets for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Jansons J, Bayurova E, Skrastina D, Kurlanda A, Fridrihsone I, Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Artyuhov A, Dashinimaev E, Avdoshina D, Kondrashova A, Valuev-Elliston V, Latyshev O, Eliseeva O, Petkov S, Abakumov M, Hippe L, Kholodnyuk I, Starodubova E, Gorodnicheva T, Ivanov A, Gordeychuk I, Isaguliants M. Expression of the Reverse Transcriptase Domain of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Induces Lytic Cellular Response in DNA-Immunized Mice and Limits Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential of Murine Adenocarcinoma 4T1 Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020318. [PMID: 32570805 PMCID: PMC7350266 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a classic tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in majority of tumors. Several TERT-based cancer vaccines are currently in clinical trials, but immune correlates of their antitumor activity remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized fine specificity and lytic potential of immune response against rat TERT in mice. BALB/c mice were primed with plasmids encoding expression-optimized hemagglutinin-tagged or nontagged TERT or empty vector and boosted with same DNA mixed with plasmid encoding firefly luciferase (Luc DNA). Injections were followed by electroporation. Photon emission from booster sites was assessed by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Two weeks post boost, mice were sacrificed and assessed for IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by T-cells upon their stimulation with TERT peptides and for anti-TERT antibodies. All TERT DNA-immunized mice developed cellular and antibody response against epitopes at the N-terminus and reverse transcriptase domain (rtTERT) of TERT. Photon emission from mice boosted with TERT/TERT-HA+Luc DNA was 100 times lower than from vector+Luc DNA-boosted controls. Bioluminescence loss correlated with percent of IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-α producing CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells specific to rtTERT, indicating immune clearance of TERT/Luc-coexpressing cells. We made murine adenocarcinoma 4T1luc2 cells to express rtTERT by lentiviral transduction. Expression of rtTERT significantly reduced the capacity of 4T1luc2 to form tumors and metastasize in mice, while not affecting in vitro growth. Mice which rejected the tumors developed T-cell response against rtTERT and low/no response to the autoepitope of TERT. This advances rtTERT as key component of TERT-based therapeutic vaccines against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Jansons
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Alisa Kurlanda
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilze Fridrihsone
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasia Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Artyuhov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia; (A.A.); (E.D.)
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia; (A.A.); (E.D.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Darya Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Alla Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Vladimir Valuev-Elliston
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (V.V.-E.); (E.S.)
| | - Oleg Latyshev
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
| | - Olesja Eliseeva
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Maxim Abakumov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Laura Hippe
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Kholodnyuk
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Elizaveta Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (V.V.-E.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Alexander Ivanov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (V.V.-E.); (E.S.)
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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Friedman J, Schumacher JK, Papagiannopoulos P, Al-Khudari S, Tajudeen BA, Batra PS. Targeted 595-gene genomic profiling demonstrates low tumor mutational burden in olfactory neuroblastoma. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:58-64. [PMID: 32558242 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare skull-base malignancy associated with delayed local recurrence. Treatment options in recurrent disease are few and unreliable. We undertook analysis of the ONB exome and immune environment in order to identify potential future immunotherapy treatment options. METHODS Retrospective chart review and next-generation targeted 595-gene genomic profiling was performed on a cohort of 14 ONB cases utilizing Tempus proprietary DNA and RNA sequencing technology. Tempus analysis provided a measurement of tumor mutational burden (TMB) and composition of the immune cell infiltrate present in tumor samples. Clinically relevant genomic alterations and associated targeted therapies were identified using cancer.gov and clinicaltrials.gov. TMB was tested by univariate analysis against clinical stage, pathologic grade, recurrence risk, and immune cell infiltration. RESULTS The mean age for the subjects was 50 years (range, 13 to 76 years) with a male:female ratio of 1:1. TMB for ONB samples ranged from 1.3 to 9.6 mutations/megabase (Mb) with mean of 3.8 mutations/Mb. Univariate analysis showed no association between TMB and tumor stage, pathologic grade, risk of recurrence, or immune cell infiltration. Genomic profile revealed that 6 of 13 tumors had genetic alterations with targeted therapies in clinical trials, whereas 1 tumor demonstrated KRAS Q61R mutation with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted therapies. CONCLUSION TMB is a novel biomarker guiding the classification of neoplasms in the emerging era of immunotherapy. The characterization of ONB as a low-TMB pathology contributes to the overall taxonomy of all cancers and suggests limited utility of immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Friedman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Jane K Schumacher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Pete Papagiannopoulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Samer Al-Khudari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bobby A Tajudeen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Pete S Batra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Wu D, Ding Y, Wang T, Cui P, Huang L, Min Z, Xu M. Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Prognosis of Colon Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4581-4589. [PMID: 32547088 PMCID: PMC7250301 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s250416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Increasing evidence has indicated an association between immune infiltration in colon cancer and clinical outcomes. The aim of this research is to comprehensively investigate the effect of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on the prognosis of colon cancer patients. Methods In our research, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of 22 TIICs in 369 colon cancer cases and 39 normal cases from the TCGA cohort. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of 22 TIICs on the prognosis of colon cancer. Immune risk scoring model was constructed based on the statistical correlation between TIICs subpopulation and survival. Meanwhile, multivariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to investigate whether the immune risk score model was an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of colon cancer. Nomogram was constructed to comprehensively predict the survival rate of colon cancer. P< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The results of the difference analysis showed that except for 12 TIICs, the remaining immune cells exhibited no differential infiltration between normal and colon cancer tissues (p<0. 05). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed 5 immune cells statistically correlated with colon cancer-related survival risk, including B cells naive, B cells memory, monocytes, macrophages M0, macrophages M1 (P<0.05). In addition, a four-cell based immune risk scoring model was constructed through LASSO Cox regression analysis. KM curve indicated that patients in highrisk were associated with poor outcomes (p<0.001). ROC curve indicated that the immune risk score model was reliable in predicting survival risk (AUC=0.848). Our model showed satisfying AUC and survival correlation in the validation dataset (3-year over survival (OS) AUC=0.941, 5-year OS AUC=0.865, P=0.022). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that the immune risk score model was an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of colon cancer (hazard ratio (HR) =5.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) =2.336–10.777; P<0.001). Ultimately, a nomogram was established to comprehensively predict the survival of colon cancer patients with the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion Collectively, tumor-infiltrating immune cells played an essential role in the prognosis of colon cancer. Furthermore, immune risk score was an independent predictive factor of colon cancer, indicating a poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Jin W, Liu H, Gan D, Cui C, Han C, Wang Z. Immune-Related Prognostic Model in Colon Cancer: A Gene Expression-Based Study. Front Genet 2020; 11:401. [PMID: 32457797 PMCID: PMC7227137 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports that the malignant phenotypes of cancers are defined not only by the intrinsic activity of tumor cells but also by immune cells that are recruited and activated in tumor-related microenvironment. Here, we developed a diagnostic and prognostic model for colon cancer, based on expression profiles of immune-related genes and immune cell component. As a result, we found that B cell infiltration ratio, CD4+ T cells, as well as immune-related genes of TRIB3, CHGA, CASP7, LGALS4, LEP, NOX4, IL17A, and HSPD1 may be highly relevant with clinical outcome of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changpeng Han
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li J, Xu P, Wang L, Feng M, Chen D, Yu X, Lu Y. Molecular biology of BPIFB1 and its advances in disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:651. [PMID: 32566588 PMCID: PMC7290611 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI)-fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1), also known as long-palate lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (LPLUNC1), belongs to the BPI-fold-containing family, is a newly discovered natural immune protection molecule, which, having the function of bactericidal and osmotic enhancement protein domain, can respond to the external physical and chemical stimuli. The gene of BPIFB1 is located at chromosome 20q11.21-20q11.22, and contains 16 exons and 15 introns, encoding 484 amino acids. The 5' terminal of the BPIFB1 protein has a signal peptide sequence composed of 19 amino acids. BPIFB1 is abnormally expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric cancer, and other cancer tissues, regulate chronic infections and inflammation, indicating that it may play an important role in the development of tumors. Meanwhile, BPIFB1 has well-recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria due to its structural similarity with BPI protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, both of which are innate immune molecules with recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria, so it can regulate cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other respiratory diseases. In this article, we will discuss the progress of BPIFB1 in a variety of diseases and fully understand its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
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Hu B, Shi X, Du X, Xu M, Wang Q, Zhao H. Pattern of immune infiltration in lung cancer and its clinical implication. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:47-53. [PMID: 32371218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play an essential role in prognosis and survival after therapy. However, previous works have not made clear about the diversity of distinct cell types that participate in the immune response. We determined the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their correlation with prognosis in lung cancer based on a metagene approach (known as CIBERSORT) and online databases. METHODS A total of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells were estimated to confirm the associations between the immune infiltration pattern and survival. As a result, the proportions of activated NK cell, monocytes, M0 macrophages and M1 macrophages in 56 cancer samples were significantly higher than those in 56 paracancerous samples. RESULTS Univariate Cox regression analysis displayed that the proportions of NK cell and monocytes were significantly associated with prognosis. Hierarchical clustering analysis predicted five clusters by the method of within sum of squares errors (wss), which exhibited different infiltrating immune cell composition and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as cluster patterns were associated with the prognosis, which provided potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Ultrasound Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Pathology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Departments of Scientific Research Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Departments of Health Check-up Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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Xie M, Wei J, Xu J. Inducers, Attractors and Modulators of CD4 + Treg Cells in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32425930 PMCID: PMC7212357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide, with non-small cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Immune escape has been demonstrated to play a key role in the initiation and progression of NSCLC, although the underlying mechanisms are diverse and their puzzling nature is far from being understood. As a critical participant in immune escape, the CD4+ T cell subset of regulatory T (Treg) cells, with their immunosuppressive functions, has been implicated in the occurrence of many types of cancers. Additionally, therapies based on Treg blockade have benefited a portion of cancer patients, including those with NSCLC. Accumulating literature has noted high Treg infiltration in NSCLC tumor tissues, bone marrow, lymph nodes and/or blood; moreover, the tumor milieu is involved in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, recruitment and suppressive functions of Treg cells. Multifarious mechanisms by which CD4+ Treg cells are generated, attracted and modulated in the NSCLC milieu will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chen MX, Liu YM, Li Y, Yang X, Wei WB. Elevated VEGF-A & PLGF concentration in aqueous humor of patients with uveal melanoma following Iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:599-605. [PMID: 32399411 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To measure the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and placental growth factor (PLGF) in aqueous humor of uveal melanoma patients before and after Iodine-125 plaque therapy (IPT), determine the postoperative fluctuation and evaluate associated factors in vivo. METHODS Participants were 18 Chinese patients with uveal melanoma who were elected to IPT. Undiluted aqueous humor samples were collected at Iodine plaque implant and removal time, then stored immediately at -80°C until assayed. The concentration of VEGF-A, PLGF and other 7 cytokines comprising interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, programmed death (PD)-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in aqueous humor was measured using Raybiotech immunoassay kit, a high throughput strategy. The VEGF-A and PLGF levels were compared across preoperation and postoperation subgroups, as well as those of other 7 interleukins. Correlation and grouped analyses were conducted to determine the independent effects of clinical parameters and other cytokines on VEGF-A and PLGF concentration or fluctuation. This study set a self-control design. RESULTS VEGF-A (P=0.038) and PLGF (P=0.026) were the only two increased cytokines after IPT. Preoperative and postoperative level of VEGF-A and PLGF (r=0.575, P=0.013; r=0.987, P<0.001) correlated with each other significantly. Level of VEGF-A (r=0.626, P=0.005; r=0.588, P=0.01) and PLGF (r=0.616, P=0.007; r=0.588, P=0.01) had positive correlation with tumor thickness consistently. Elevated VEGF-A or PLGF level were strong predictive factors of each other (P=0.007, OR=60.0). The elevated VEGF-A group showed a higher postoperative level of IFN-γ (P=0.005), IL-2 (P<0.001) and IL-10 (P=0.004) in aqueous humor. When the elevated PLGF group got similar results that a higher postoperative level of IFN-γ (P=0.007), IL-2 (P<0.001) and IL-10 (P=0.013) in aqueous humor. CONCLUSION This study reveals that VEGF-A and PLGF in aqueous humor significantly increased with tumor thickness and radiation process in uveal melanoma patients. VEGF-A and PLGF may be crucial in uveal melanoma genesis and radiotherapy reactions. Immune mediators comprised IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 could play roles in the link between inflammation and angiogenesis in uveal melanoma when exposed to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue-Ming Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China
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Zbakh H, Zubía E, Reyes CDL, Calderón-Montaño JM, López-Lázaro M, Motilva V. Meroterpenoids from the Brown Alga Cystoseira usneoides as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Lung Anticancer Agents. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E207. [PMID: 32290492 PMCID: PMC7230911 DOI: 10.3390/md18040207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of eight meroterpenoids isolated from the brown seaweed Cystoseira usneoides have been evaluated. The algal meroterpenoids (AMTs) 1-8 were tested for their inhibitory effects on the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated THP-1 human macrophages. The anticancer effects were assessed by cytotoxicity assays against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and normal lung fibroblastic MRC-5 cells, together with flow cytometry analysis of the effects of these AMTs on different phases of the cell cycle. The AMTs 1-8 significantly reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and suppressed the COX-2 and iNOS expression, in LPS-stimulated cells (p < 0.05). The AMTs 1-8 displayed higher cytotoxic activities against A549 cancer cells than against MRC-5 normal lung cells. Cell cycle analyses indicated that most of the AMTs caused the arrest of A549 cells at the G2/M and S phases. The AMTs 2 and 5 stand out by combining significant anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, while 3 and 4 showed interesting selective anticancer effects. These findings suggest that the AMTs produced by C. usneoides may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Zbakh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.); (M.L.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Eva Zubía
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz) 11510, Spain; (E.Z.); (C.d.l.R.)
| | - Carolina de los Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz) 11510, Spain; (E.Z.); (C.d.l.R.)
| | - José M. Calderón-Montaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.); (M.L.-L.)
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121
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Zhang X, Quan F, Xu J, Xiao Y, Li X, Li Y. Combination of multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells predicts clinical outcome in colon cancer. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108412. [PMID: 32278085 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of immune cells is highly associated with the development and progression of cancer. Thus, integrating the immune cell infiltrating profile into an immune cell infiltrating score may predict the survival of cancer patients. Here, by combining the infiltration proportion of 22 immune cells inferred from bulk tumor transcriptome of 879 patients, we identified an immune cell infiltrating indicator including five types of immune cells: resting T cells CD4 memory, macrophages M0-M2, and activated mast cells. The signature distinguished patients into two groups (high-risk and low-risk) with significantly different survival in the training cohort (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.29-2.98, P = .0013) and two additional cohorts (HR = 1.78, 95%, CI = 1.16-2.75, P = .0079 and HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.28-3.14, P = .0019). The indicator remained as an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for clinicopathological factors by multivariable analysis in all cohorts. Stratification analysis showed that the signature consistently and significantly predicted survival of high-stage colon cancer patients in the training cohort (P = .00053) and validation cohorts (P = .017 and P = .0035). Moreover, we found that the low-risk patients were significantly correlated with deficient mismatch repair and the high-risk patients had a weak ability of trafficking of immune cells to tumors in the cancer immunity cycle. Overall, our results showed that integrating multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells was an effective strategy for uncovering robust prognostic factor for tumor patients, and potentially was a promising response marker for precision oncology to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Fei Quan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jinyuan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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Lin X, Xiao Z, Chen T, Liang SH, Guo H. Glucose Metabolism on Tumor Plasticity, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:317. [PMID: 32211335 PMCID: PMC7069415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells support tumor proliferation and progression by adopting to metabolic changes. Tumor cells altered metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the aerobic state and the presence of functioning mitochondria. Glucose metabolism in tumor plasticity has attracted great interests by clinicians and scientists in the past decades. This review discusses the previous and emerging researches on the tumor plasticity altered by changing glucose metabolism in different cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we summarize the rising applications of glucose metabolism in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Our objective is to direct future investigation on this altered metabolic phenotype and its application in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zizheng Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Sijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hammi A, Paganetti H, Grassberger C. 4D blood flow model for dose calculation to circulating blood and lymphocytes. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:055008. [PMID: 32119649 PMCID: PMC8268045 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab6c41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To better understand how radiotherapy delivery parameters affect the depletion of circulating lymphocytes in patients treated for intra-cranial tumors, we developed a computational human body blood flow model (BFM), that enables to estimate the dose to the circulating blood during the course of fractionated radiation therapy. A hemodynamic cardiovascular system based on human body reference values was developed to distribute the cardiac output to 24 different organs, described by a discrete Markov Chain. For explicit intracranial blood flow modeling, we extracted major cerebral vasculature from MRI data of a patient and complemented them with an extension network of generic vessels in the frontal and occipital lobes to guarantee even overall blood supply to the entire brain volume. An explicit Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to track the propagation of each individual blood particle (BP) through the brain and time-dependent radiation fields, accumulating dose along their trajectories. The cerebral model includes 1050 path lines and explicitly simulates more than 266 000 BP at any given time that are tracked with a time resolution of 10 ms. The entire BFM for the whole body contains 22 178 000 BP, corresponding to 4200 BP per ml of blood. We have used the model to investigate the difference between proton and photon therapy, and the effect of different dose rates and patient characteristics on the dose to the circulating blood pool. The mean dose to the blood pool is estimated to be 0.06 and 0.13 Gy after 30 fractions of proton and photon therapy, respectively, and the highest dose to 1% of blood was found to be 0.19 Gy and 0.34 Gy. The fraction of blood volume receiving any dose after the first fraction is significantly lower for proton therapy, 10.1% compared to 18.4% for the photon treatment plan. 90% of the blood pool will have received dose after the 11th fraction using photon therapy compared to the 21st fraction with proton therapy. Higher dose rates can effectively reduce the fraction of blood irradiated to low doses but increase the amount of blood receiving high doses. Patient characteristics such as blood pressure, gender and age lead to smaller effects than variations in the dose rate. We developed a 4D human BFM including recirculating to estimate the radiation dose to the circulating blood during intracranial treatment and demonstrate its application to proton- versus photon-based delivery, various dose rates and patient characteristics. The radiation dose estimation to the circulating blood provides us better insight into the origins of radiation-induced lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkhalek Hammi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Backman M, La Fleur L, Kurppa P, Djureinovic D, Elfving H, Brunnström H, Mattsson JSM, Pontén V, Eltahir M, Mangsbo S, Isaksson J, Jirström K, Kärre K, Carbone E, Leandersson K, Mezheyeuski A, Pontén F, Lindskog C, Botling J, Micke P. WITHDRAWN: Characterization of Patterns of Immune Cell Infiltration in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2020:S1556-0864(20)30015-0. [PMID: 32028050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Backman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnéa La Fleur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pinja Kurppa
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dijana Djureinovic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Elfving
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna S M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Victor Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Eltahir
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology, Cell and Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ennio Carbone
- Department of Microbiology, Cell and Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Tumor Immunology and Immunopathology Laboratory, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lin Q, Qu M, Patra HK, He S, Wang L, Hu X, Xiao L, Fu Y, Gong T, He Q, Zhang L, Sun X, Zhang Z. Mechanistic and therapeutic study of novel anti-tumor function of natural compound imperialine for treating non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112283. [PMID: 31605736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) is a Chinese traditional herbal medicine that has long been used as an indispensable component in herbal prescriptions for bronchopulmonary diseases due to its well-established strong anti-inflammation and pulmonary harmonizing effects. Interestingly, there are few case reports in traditional Chinese medicine available where they found it to contribute in anti-tumor therapies. Imperialine is one of the most favored active substances extracted from BFC and has been widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory agent. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the current work is to provide first-hand evidences both in vitro and in vivo showing that imperialine exerts anti-cancer effects against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the molecular mechanism of this anti-tumor activity. It is also necessary to examine its systemic toxicity, and to investigate how to develop strategies for feasible clinical translation of imperialine. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate anti-NSCLC efficacy of imperialine using both in vitro and in vivo methods where A549 cell line were chosen as in vitro model NSCLC cells and A549 tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed for in vivo study. The detailed underlying anti-cancer mechanism has been systematically explored for the first time through a comprehensive set of molecular biology methods mainly including immunohistochemistry, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The toxicity profile of imperialine treatments were evaluated using healthy nude mice by examining hemogram and histopathology. An imperialine-loaded liposomal drug delivery system was developed using thin film hydration method to evaluate target specific delivery. RESULTS The results showed that imperialine could suppress both NSCLC tumor and associated inflammation through an inflammation-cancer feedback loop in which NF-κB activity was dramatically inhibited by imperialine. The NSCLC-targeting liposomal system was successfully developed for targeted drug delivery. The developed platform could favorably enhance imperialine cellular uptake and in vivo accumulation at tumor sites, thus improving overall anti-tumor effect. The toxicity assays revealed imperialine treatments did not significantly disturb blood cell counts in mice or exert any significant damage to the main organs. CONCLUSIONS Imperialine exerts anti-cancer effects against NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo, and this previously unknown function is related to NF-κB centered inflammation-cancer feedback loop. Imperialine mediated anti-cancer activity is not through cytotoxicity and exhibit robust systemic safety. Furthermore, the liposome-based system we commenced would dramatically enhance therapeutic effects of imperialine while exhibiting extremely low side effects both on cellular and in NSCLC model. This work has identified imperialine as a promising novel anti-cancer compound and offered an efficient target-delivery solution that greatly facilitate practical use of imperialine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mengke Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, 58185, Sweden; Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9BB, United Kingdom
| | - Shanshan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; CQ MEDVT CO., LTD, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
| | - Linyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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Liu J, Wei C, Tang H, Liu Y, Liu W, Lin C. The prognostic value of the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes before and after intensity modulated radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18545. [PMID: 31914029 PMCID: PMC6959862 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) before and after intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Pre/post-treatment and changes in inflammatory biomarker levels of 207 patients who were diagnosed with NPC and received IMRT between January 2012 and December 2014 were analyzed, and the cellular biomarker analyses were from patient blood. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis was used to decide the optimal cutoff values of NLR and changes in NLR (ΔNLR) and PLR (ΔPLR). The Kaplan-Meier and logarithmic rank methods were used to compare overall survival times between groups. Univariate analysis was used to investigate the effects of age, gender, histology, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), TNM stage, clinical stage, course of disease and lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the prognosis of NPC. The independent predictors of OS were determined by Cox multivariate regression analysis.The optimal cut-off values of NLR, PLR, ΔNLR and ΔPLR were 2.49, 155.82, 1.80, and 100.00, respectively. These were used to classify patients into high (NLR > 2.49) and low NLR groups (NLR < 2.49); high (PLR>155.82) and low (PLR < 155.82) PLR groups; high (ΔNLR>1.80) and low ΔNLR groups (ΔNLR < 1.80); high (ΔPLR > 100.00) and low ΔPLR groups (ΔPLR < 100.00). TNM stage, clinical stage and ALP levels were highly correlated with high NLR and PLR. Cox multivariate regression analysis suggested that the ΔNLR (HR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.33∼2.78) was independent of the characteristics for NPC.As a novel inflammatory index, ΔNLR appears to have some predictive power for the prognosis of patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Changwu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minzu Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Chengsen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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Huang Z, Xing S, Zhu Y, Qu Y, Jiang L, Sheng J, Wang Q, Xu S, Xue N. Establishment and Validation of Nomogram Model Integrated With Inflammation-Based Factors for the Prognosis of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820971605. [PMID: 33191854 PMCID: PMC7675852 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820971605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTS Inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumor-associated inflammatory response plays a crucial role in enhancing tumorigenesis. This study aimed to establish an effective predictive nomogram based on inflammation factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 887 patients with advanced NSCLC between November 2004 and December 2015 and randomly divided them into primary (n = 520) and validation cohorts (n = 367). Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors for building the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using a concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis and were compared to the TNM staging system. RESULTS The nomogram was established using independent risk factors (P < 0.05): age, TNM stage, C reaction protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and neutrophils (NEU). The C-index of the model for predicting OS had a superior discrimination power compared to that of the TNM staging system both in the primary [0.711 (95% CI: 0.675-0.747) vs 0.531 (95% CI: 0.488-0.574), P < 0.01] and validation cohorts [0.703, 95% CI: 0.671 -0.735 vs 0.582, 95% CI: 0.545-0.619, P < 0.01]. Decision curves also demonstrated that the nomogram had higher overall net benefits than that of the TNM staging system. Subgroup analyses revealed that the nomogram was a favorable prognostic parameter in advanced NSCLC (P < 0.05). The results were internally validated using the validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The proposed nomogram with inflammatory factors resulted in an accurate prognostic prediction in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of thoracic surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in
South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer
Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology
in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer
Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology
in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer
Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanye Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou
University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive
Tumor Markers, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou
University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive
Tumor Markers, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou
University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive
Tumor Markers, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology
in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer
Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou
University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive
Tumor Markers, Zhengzhou, China
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128
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Zhang N, Cao M, Duan Y, Bai H, Li X, Wang Y. Prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and experimental validation. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1092-1103. [PMID: 32863998 PMCID: PMC7444703 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We performed a meta-analysis and an experimental validation to investigate the association between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients to provide prognostic indicators for clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The relative literature of TILs in tumor tissue from patients with gastric cancer was searched from PubMed, Embase, NIH databases, from April 2000 to 31 December 2016. Studies on the prognostic value of TILs as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, GrB+, and FOXP3+ lymphocytes for GC were retrieved, and also the related references were traced as supplements. Independent screening documents, extracting information and evaluating quality were implemented independently by 2 evaluators according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were then analyzed by meta-analysis using STATA version 12.0 software. RESULTS The results indicated that high levels of intratumoral CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration were associated with better overall survival(OS) in gastric cancer patients, while high density of intratumoral FOXP3+ T cells was not closely associated with a worse outcome. Additionally, in our study, higher density of granzyme B+ (GrB+) T cell infiltration indicated an optimistic prognosis, and infiltration of a larger number of general TILs also suggested a favorable prognosis by log-rank test analysis. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis clarified that high levels of CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue showed better OS in GC patients, whereas high density of FOXP3+ T cell infiltration may not be recognized as a negative prognostic factor. These results may provide some useful prognostic indicators for clinical application in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Duan
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Bai
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
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Wang C, Tang X, Wang J, Xu Y. Patterns of immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma revealed a prognosis-associated microRNA-mast cells network. Hum Cell 2019; 33:205-219. [PMID: 31863291 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune infiltration of tumor microenvironment is an important determinant for immune response and outcomes. To investigate the diversity and clinical relevance of immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we performed a comprehensive analysis using the bulk tumor transcriptomes. The prognosis significance for immune infiltration was systematically evaluated and sufficient immune infiltration was associated with better outcomes. Resting mast cells emerged as the most strongly associated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), whereas the activated mast cells were correlated with adverse survival. Immune infiltration-based classification exhibited clinical relevance and provided a close link between cancer cell-intrinsic genetic events and immune landscape. The immune infiltration-miRNA functional network analysis showed that the resting mast cell-associated miRNAs are mainly involved in the enrichment of development, mRNA metabolic process, myeloid cell differentiation, Wnt, calcium modulating, interferon, p53 pathways. Additionally, we found one promoter (miR-30a) and one suppressor (miR-550a) of resting mast cells. Coupling the detailed analyses of the cellular immune infiltration and the implicated modulation role of miRNAs provides novel type of candidates for LUAD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China.
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130
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Wang S, Wang T, Yang L, Yang DM, Fujimoto J, Yi F, Luo X, Yang Y, Yao B, Lin S, Moran C, Kalhor N, Weissferdt A, Minna J, Xie Y, Wistuba II, Mao Y, Xiao G. ConvPath: A software tool for lung adenocarcinoma digital pathological image analysis aided by a convolutional neural network. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:103-110. [PMID: 31767541 PMCID: PMC6921240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial distributions of different types of cells could reveal a cancer cell's growth pattern, its relationships with the tumor microenvironment and the immune response of the body, all of which represent key "hallmarks of cancer". However, the process by which pathologists manually recognize and localize all the cells in pathology slides is extremely labor intensive and error prone. METHODS In this study, we developed an automated cell type classification pipeline, ConvPath, which includes nuclei segmentation, convolutional neural network-based tumor cell, stromal cell, and lymphocyte classification, and extraction of tumor microenvironment-related features for lung cancer pathology images. To facilitate users in leveraging this pipeline for their research, all source scripts for ConvPath software are available at https://qbrc.swmed.edu/projects/cnn/. FINDINGS The overall classification accuracy was 92.9% and 90.1% in training and independent testing datasets, respectively. By identifying cells and classifying cell types, this pipeline can convert a pathology image into a "spatial map" of tumor, stromal and lymphocyte cells. From this spatial map, we can extract features that characterize the tumor micro-environment. Based on these features, we developed an image feature-based prognostic model and validated the model in two independent cohorts. The predicted risk group serves as an independent prognostic factor, after adjusting for clinical variables that include age, gender, smoking status, and stage. INTERPRETATION The analysis pipeline developed in this study could convert the pathology image into a "spatial map" of tumor cells, stromal cells and lymphocytes. This could greatly facilitate and empower comprehensive analysis of the spatial organization of cells, as well as their roles in tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lin Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS), China
| | - Donghan M Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Faliu Yi
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xin Luo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yikun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS), China
| | - Bo Yao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - ShinYi Lin
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yousheng Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS), China
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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131
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Hudson SV, Miller HA, Mahlbacher GE, Saforo D, Beverly LJ, Arteel GE, Frieboes HB. Computational/experimental evaluation of liver metastasis post hepatic injury: interactions with macrophages and transitional ECM. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15077. [PMID: 31636296 PMCID: PMC6803648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions between subclinical changes to hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to injury and tumor-associated macrophage microenvironmental cues facilitating metastatic cell seeding remain poorly understood. This study implements a combined computational modeling and experimental approach to evaluate tumor growth following hepatic injury, focusing on ECM remodeling and interactions with local macrophages. Experiments were performed to determine ECM density and macrophage-associated cytokine levels. Effects of ECM remodeling along with macrophage polarization on tumor growth were evaluated via computational modeling. For primary or metastatic cells in co-culture with macrophages, TNF-α levels were 5× higher with M1 vs. M2 macrophages. Metastatic cell co-culture exhibited 10× higher TNF-α induction than with primary tumor cells. Although TGFβ1 induction was similar between both co-cultures, levels were slightly higher with primary cells in the presence of M1. Simulated metastatic tumors exhibited decreased growth compared to primary tumors, due to high local M1-induced cytotoxicity, even in a highly vascularized microenvironment. Experimental analysis combined with computational modeling may provide insight into interactions between ECM remodeling, macrophage polarization, and liver tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice V Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Grace E Mahlbacher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Douglas Saforo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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132
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Krysan K, Tran LM, Grimes BS, Fishbein GA, Seki A, Gardner BK, Walser TC, Salehi-Rad R, Yanagawa J, Lee JM, Sharma S, Aberle DR, Spira AE, Elashoff DA, Wallace WD, Fishbein MC, Dubinett SM. The Immune Contexture Associates with the Genomic Landscape in Lung Adenomatous Premalignancy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5022-5033. [PMID: 31142513 PMCID: PMC6774823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells in the field of lung injury can give rise to distinct premalignant lesions that may bear unique genetic aberrations. A subset of these lesions may escape immune surveillance and progress to invasive cancer; however, the mutational landscape that may predict progression has not been determined. Knowledge of premalignant lesion composition and the associated microenvironment is critical for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective preventive and interception strategies. To identify somatic mutations and the extent of immune cell infiltration in adenomatous premalignancy and associated lung adenocarcinomas, we sequenced exomes from 41 lung cancer resection specimens, including 89 premalignant atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lesions, 15 adenocarcinomas in situ, and 55 invasive adenocarcinomas and their adjacent normal lung tissues. We defined nonsynonymous somatic mutations occurring in both premalignancy and the associated tumor as progression-associated mutations whose predicted neoantigens were highly correlated with infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as upregulation of PD-L1 in premalignant lesions, suggesting the presence of an adaptive immune response to these neoantigens. Each patient had a unique repertoire of somatic mutations and associated neoantigens. Collectively, these results provide evidence for mutational heterogeneity, pathway dysregulation, and immune recognition in pulmonary premalignancy.Significance: These findings identify progression-associated somatic mutations, oncogenic pathways, and association between the mutational landscape and adaptive immune responses in adenomatous premalignancy.See related commentary by Merrick, p. 4811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandon S Grimes
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Atsuko Seki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian K Gardner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tonya C Walser
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ramin Salehi-Rad
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jay M Lee
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sherven Sharma
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Denise R Aberle
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arum E Spira
- Department of Medicine and Boston University-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - William D Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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133
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Zhu G, Pei L, Yin H, Lin F, Li X, Zhu X, He W, Gou X. Profiles of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in renal cell carcinoma and their clinical implications. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5235-5242. [PMID: 31612034 PMCID: PMC6781756 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are crucial for the clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as they regulate cancer progression. TIICs have therefore the potential to become novel targets of immunotherapies. The present study used CIBERSORT analytical tool, which is a deconvolution algorithm, to comprehensively analyze the composition of immune cells in RCC and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, and to determine the prognostic value of TIICs in RCC. A landscape of infiltrating immune cells was determined as containing 13 subpopulations of immune cells, with significant differences between normal and tumor tissues. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to estimate the prognostic value of TIICs in RCC. The results demonstrated that a higher proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) [hazard ratio (HR)=1.596; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.147–2.222; P=0.006] and follicular helper T cells (HR=1.516; 95% CI, 1.089–2.111; P=0.014) were associated with poor outcome in patients with RCC. Conversely, resting mast cells (HR=0.678; 95% CI, 0.487–0.943; P=0.021) and monocytes (HR=0.701; 95% CI, 0.503–0.977; P=0.036) were associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with RCC. Furthermore, the results from multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that Tregs and monocytes represented independent risk factors for prognosis in patients with RCC. These findings demonstrated that gene profiling deconvolution by CIBERSORT served to determine the composition of immune cells infiltrated in RCC and may provide some crucial information for the development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Pei
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hubin Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Zheng X, Li D, Li J, Wang B, Zhang L, Yuan X, Li C, Cui L, Zhang Q, Yang L, Wang X. Optimization of the process for purifying icariin from Herba Epimedii by macroporous resin and the regulatory role of icariin in the tumor immune microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109275. [PMID: 31382128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a digestive tract malignancy that poses a serious threat to human health. Compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines have been an important source of anticancer drugs and adjuvant agents to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in patients with pancreatic cancer. In this study, icariin was purified from Herba Epimedii using macropores, and its bioactivity against pancreatic cancer was also investigated. We found that icariin has direct inhibitory and immunomodulatory effects on tumor cells. In vitro experiments showed that icariin can inhibit the migration and proliferation of Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Our in vivo experiments show that icariin inhibits the development of mouse pancreatic cancer by inhibiting tumor-infiltrating M2 macrophages and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (PMN-MDSCs). In addition, icariin inhibits the polarization of RAW 264.7 cells into M2 macrophages by inhibiting the expression of ARG1 and MRC1 and downregulating the IL4-STAT6 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of icariin on pancreatic cancer can not only directly affect tumor cells but also inhibit tumor development by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Botao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Lihua Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China.
| | - Ximo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdominal Disease-Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute ofAcute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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135
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Velez MA, Burns TF, Stabile LP. The estrogen pathway as a modulator of response to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1161-1176. [PMID: 31361169 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of about 18%. Thus, there is a great need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for a subset of patients, especially those with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and/or high tumor mutational burden, but have failed in the majority of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the estrogen signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target in metastatic NSCLC and that the estrogen pathway may play a role in sex-based responses to ICIs. This report will review the epidemiologic, preclinical and clinical data on the estrogen pathway in NSCLC, its implications in sex-based responses to ICIs and the potential use of antiestrogen therapy in combination with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy F Burns
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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136
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Verco J, Johnston W, Frost M, Baltezor M, Kuehl PJ, Lopez A, Gigliotti A, Belinsky SA, Wolff R, diZerega G. Inhaled Submicron Particle Paclitaxel (NanoPac) Induces Tumor Regression and Immune Cell Infiltration in an Orthotopic Athymic Nude Rat Model of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 32:266-277. [PMID: 31347939 PMCID: PMC6781259 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2018.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the antineoplastic and immunostimulatory effects of inhaled (IH) submicron particle paclitaxel (NanoPac®) in an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer rodent model. Methods: Male nude rats were whole body irradiated, intratracheally instilled with Calu-3 cancer cells and divided into six treatment arms (n = 20 each): no treatment (Group 1); intravenous nab-paclitaxel at 5.0 mg/kg once weekly for 3 weeks (Group 2); IH NanoPac at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, once weekly for 4 weeks (Groups 3 and 4), or twice weekly for 4 weeks (Groups 5 and 6). Upon necropsy, left lungs were paraffin embedded, serially sectioned, and stained for histopathological examination. A subset was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), anti-pan cytokeratin staining AE1/AE3+ tumor cells and CD11b+ staining dendritic cells, natural killer lymphocytes, and macrophage immune cells (n = 2, Group 1; n = 3 each for Groups 2–6). BCL-6 staining identified B lymphocytes (n = 1 in Groups 1, 2, and 6). Results: All animals survived to scheduled necropsy, exhibited no adverse clinical observations due to treatment, and gained weight at the same rate throughout the study. Histopathological evaluation of Group 1 lung samples was consistent with unabated tumor growth. Group 2 exhibited regression in 10% of animals (n = 2/20). IH NanoPac-treated groups exhibited significantly higher tumor regression incidence per group (n = 11–13/20; p < 0.05, χ2). IHC subset analysis revealed tumor-nodule cluster separation, irregular borders between tumor and non-neoplastic tissue, and an increased density of infiltrating CD11b+ cells in Group 2 animals (n = 2/3) and in all IH NanoPac-treated animals reviewed (n = 3/3 per group). A single animal in Group 4 and Group 6 exhibited signs of pathological complete response at necropsy with organizing stroma and immune cells replacing areas presumed to have previously contained adenocarcinoma nodules. Conclusion: Tumor regression and immune cell infiltration were observed in all treatment groups, with an increased incidence noted in animals receiving IH submicron particle paclitaxel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Verco
- US Biotest, Inc., San Luis Obispo, California
| | | | - Michael Frost
- Western Diagnostic Services Laboratory, Santa Maria, California
| | | | | | - Anita Lopez
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Gere diZerega
- US Biotest, Inc., San Luis Obispo, California.,NanOlogy, LLC, Fort Worth, Texas
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137
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Tumor Remission and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes During Chemoradiation Therapy: Predictive and Prognostic Markers in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:319-328. [PMID: 31228553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical tools are unavailable for accurate prediction of pathologic responses to chemoradiation therapy (CRT) among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) before surgery. We evaluated tumor remission and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) during CRT as predictors of pathologic response and prognostic markers for patients with locally advanced ESCC treated with neoadjuvant CRT (neo-CRT) or definitive CRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed patients with locally advanced ESCC (N = 164) who underwent neo-CRT (N = 48) or definitive CRT (N = 116). Patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography and biopsies when induction CRT finished. Tumor remission characteristics were designated minor (-/+) to excellent remission (ER) (+++). TILs were determined in 10% increments. Tumor remission, TILs, or both were associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival in the neo-CRT group and then analyzed in the definitive CRT group. RESULTS ER and lymphocyte-predominant ESCC (LPE; ≥60% TILs) were identified according to the pCR rate and disease-free survival. We built a prediction model for pCR incorporating ER and LPE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.877, and sensitivity and specificity were 86.7% and 90.9%, respectively. Furthermore, this model identified pathologic response with an excellent calibration. Disease-free survival of patients with ER and LPE tumors was significantly longer than that of other patients. CONCLUSIONS When we included tumor remission and TILs during CRT, our model predicted pCR with high probability and helped stratify prognostic subgroups, thereby guiding future therapy decisions for patients with locally advanced ESCC. Validation of this model in larger, prospective, multicenter studies is essential.
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138
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Ma C, Wang X, Zhao R. Associations of lymphocyte percentage and red blood cell distribution width with risk of lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3099-3108. [PMID: 31167586 PMCID: PMC6683910 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519850417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is ample evidence to indicate that inflammation is involved in tumorigenesis. Lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) are easily measured indicators of systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the associations between LYM% and RDW and the risk of lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 430 patients with lung cancer and 158 healthy individuals (control group). Twenty clinical characteristics were analyzed, including LYM% and RDW. Significant laboratory indices were determined by univariate analysis and logistic regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of lung cancer risk. Results Patients with lung cancer had significantly lower LYM% and higher RDW levels compared with healthy controls. LYM% and RDW were confirmed to be independent predictors of lung cancer risk. LYM% also differed significantly among different histological subtypes of lung cancer. Conclusion A high risk of lung cancer was closely correlated with low LYM% and high RDW. LYM% and RDW are easily measured and may therefore aid the assessment and timely screening of lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- 1 First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- 1 First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- 1 First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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139
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Mayfosh AJ, Baschuk N, Hulett MD. Leukocyte Heparanase: A Double-Edged Sword in Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:331. [PMID: 31110966 PMCID: PMC6501466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is a β-D-endoglucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, a complex glycosaminoglycan found ubiquitously throughout mammalian cells and tissues. Heparanase has been strongly associated with important pathological processes including inflammatory disease and tumor metastasis, through its ability to promote various cellular functions such as cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and cytokine release. A number of cell types express heparanase including leukocytes, cells of the vasculature as well as tumor cells. However, the relative contribution of heparanase from these different cell sources to these processes is poorly defined. It is now well-established that the immune system plays a critical role in shaping tumor progression. Intriguingly, leukocyte-derived heparanase has been shown to either assist or impede tumor progression, depending on the setting. This review covers our current knowledge of heparanase in immune regulation of tumor progression, as well as the potential applications and implications of exploiting or inhibiting heparanase in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce J Mayfosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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140
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Guo M, Li W, Li B, Zou B, Wang S, Meng X, Sun X, Yu J, Wang L. Prognostic value of delta inflammatory biomarker-based nomograms in patients with inoperable locally advanced NSCLC. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:395-401. [PMID: 31030095 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays critical roles in tumor growth and progression, and can be adversely affected by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, there have been few studies on the prognostic value of delta (Δ) inflammatory biomarkers before and after chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). METHODS In this study, pre/post-treatment and Δ inflammatory biomarkers of 370 patients who were diagnosed as having inoperable LA-NSCLC in Shandong Cancer Hospital between January 2005 and January 2016 were analyzed. Nomograms were then established for predicting prognosis. RESULTS Median overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) for all patients were 28.1 (range 1.9-129.0) months and 11.1 (range 1.7-58.7) months, respectively. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) significantly increased and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) significantly decreased during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy course (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that pre-LMR, ΔNLR, and minimum absolute lymphocyte counts were independent predictors of OS (P = 0.027, P = 0.012, and P = 0.015, respectively) and post-LMR, post-NLR, and ΔNLR were independent predictors of PFS (P = 0.014, P = 0.001, and P = 0.036, respectively). Nomograms for OS and PFS were established by combining all significant inflammatory markers and clinicopathological characteristics. The concordance indexes for OS and PFS were 0.709 and 0.688, respectively. CONCLUSION Post-treatment and Δ inflammatory biomarkers may have more prognostic significance than baseline measurements of inflammatory biomarkers in LA-NSCLC patients. The proposed nomograms based on the dynamic inflammatory biomarkers and clinicopathological factors may be practical and widely available for evaluating the prognosis of patients with inoperable LA-NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Wanlong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Butuo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Department of Radiation Oncology and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300270, China
| | - Bing Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Shijiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xindong Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China.
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141
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Wu T, Wu X, Wang HY, Chen L. Immune contexture defined by single cell technology for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy guidance in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:21. [PMID: 30999966 PMCID: PMC6471962 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment is closely related to tumor initiation, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. The immune landscapes, number of infiltrating immune cells, and the localization of lymphocytes in the tumor vary in across different types of tumors. The immune contexture in cancer, which is determined by the density, composition, functional state and organization of the leukocyte infiltrate of the tumor, can yield information relevant to the prediction of treatment response and patients’ prognosis. Better understanding of the immune atlas in human tumors have been achieved with the development and application of single-cell analysis technology, which has provided a reference for prognosis, and insights on new targets for immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the different characteristics of immune contexture in cancer defined by a variety of single-cell techniques, which have enhanced our understanding on the pathophysiology of the tumor microenvironment. We believe that there are much more to be uncovered in this rapidly developing field of medicine, and they will predict the prognosis of cancer patients and guide the rational design of immunotherapies for success in cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, P. R. China.
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142
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Daouk R, Hassane M, Bahmad HF, Sinjab A, Fujimoto J, Abou-Kheir W, Kadara H. Genome-Wide and Phenotypic Evaluation of Stem Cell Progenitors Derived From Gprc5a-Deficient Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma With Somatic Kras Mutations. Front Oncol 2019; 9:207. [PMID: 31001473 PMCID: PMC6454871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) with somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene comprise the most common molecular subtype of lung cancer in smokers and present with overall dismal prognosis and resistance to most therapies. Our group recently demonstrated that tobacco carcinogen-exposed mice with knockout of the airway lineage G-protein coupled receptor, Gprc5a, develop LUADs with somatic mutations in Kras. Earlier work has suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in clonal evolution of tumors and in therapy resistance. To date, our understanding of CSCs in LUADs with somatic Kras mutations remains lagging. Here we derived CSCs (as spheres in 3D cultures) with self-renewal properties from a murine Kras-mutant LUAD cell line we previously established from a tobacco carcinogen-exposed Gprc5a−/− mouse. Using syngeneic Gprc5a−/− models, we found that these CSCs, compared to their parental isoforms, exhibited increased tumorigenic potential in vivo, particularly in female animals. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with pathways analysis and confirmatory PCR, we identified gene features (n = 2,600) differentially expressed in the CSCs compared to parental cells and that were enriched with functional modules associated with an augmented malignant phenotype including stemness, tumor-promoting inflammation and anti-oxidant responses. Further, based on in silico predicted activation of GSK3β in CSCs, we found that tideglusib, an irreversible inhibitor of the kinase, exhibited marked anti-growth effects in the cultured CSCs. Our study underscores molecular cues in the pathogenesis of Kras-mutant LUAD and presents new models to study the evolution, and thus high-potential targets, of this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Daouk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Hassane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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143
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Zhang Q, Qu Y, Liu H, Jia H, Wen F, Pei S, Yu H. Initial platelet-to-lymphocyte count as prognostic factor in limited-stage small cell lung cancer. Biomark Med 2019; 13:249-258. [PMID: 30624082 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assessed the prognostic significance of pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 286 patients with LS-SCLC. Results: Sixty received chemotherapy alone, 158 sequential chemo- and radiotherapy, 38 concurrent chemo- and radiotherapy and 30 surgery combined with therapy. The cut-off value of pretreatment PLR was 152.1. The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the low and high PLR groups were 27.4 versus 19.5 (p = 0.002) and 14.9 versus 11.4 (p = 0.003) months. Multivariate analysis confirmed that PLR was an independent prognostic factor of OS (hazard ratio = 1.326; p = 0.040) and PFS (hazard ratio = 1.306; p = 0.044), respectively. Conclusion: Pretreatment PLR is an independent prognostic factor of OS and PFS in patients with LS-SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Yanli Qu
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Hongying Jia
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Fengyun Wen
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Shengnan Pei
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Hong Yu
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, Shenyang 110042, PR China
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Ahmadzada T, Lee K, Clarke C, Cooper WA, Linton A, McCaughan B, Asher R, Clarke S, Reid G, Kao S. High BIN1 expression has a favorable prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma and is associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Lung Cancer 2019; 130:35-41. [PMID: 30885349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of key immune regulators show prognostic value in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), but the association between Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and patient outcome has not been investigated. We aimed to determine the expression of BIN1 and IDO1, their association with other markers and impact on overall survival (OS) in MPM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of BIN1, IDO1, CD3, CD20 and CD68 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 67 patients who underwent pleurectomy/decortication. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan Meier method and significant biomarkers were entered into a Cox Regression multivariate model, accounting for known prognostic factors such as age, gender, histological subtype, PD-L1 expression and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. RESULTS Immune markers were variably expressed in tumor cells, ranging from 0% to 100% for BIN1 (median: 89%), and 0% to 77.5% for IDO1 (median: 0%). Expression of markers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and macrophages ranged from 0% to more than 50%. BIN1 expression was high in 35 patients (51%) and was associated with increased OS (median: 12 vs 6 months for high and low BIN1 respectively,p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed BIN1 remained an independent prognostic indicator (HR 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.82, p = 0.01). The majority of patients had immune inflamed tumors (77%) and there was a significant association between TILs and BIN1 (p = 0 < 0.01), PD-L1 (p=0.04) and CD68+ macrophages in the tumor (p < 0.01). There were no significant associations between PD-L1 and BIN1 or IDO1. CONCLUSION High BIN1 expression is a favorable prognostic biomarker and is associated with TILs in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia
| | - Candice Clarke
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Asher
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steven Kao
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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145
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Wang L, Dong T, Xin B, Xu C, Guo M, Zhang H, Feng D, Wang X, Yu J. Integrative nomogram of CT imaging, clinical, and hematological features for survival prediction of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:2958-2967. [PMID: 30643940 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the integrative value of clinical, hematological, and computed tomography (CT) radiomic features in survival prediction for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) patients. METHODS Radiomic features and clinical and hematological features of 118 LA-NSCLC cases were firstly extracted and analyzed in this study. Then, stable and prognostic radiomic features were automatically selected using the consensus clustering method with either Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model or random survival forest (RSF) analysis. Predictive radiomic, clinical, and hematological parameters were subsequently fitted into a final prognostic model using both the CPH model and the RSF model. A multimodality nomogram was then established from the fitting model and was cross-validated. Finally, calibration curves were generated with the predicted versus actual survival status. RESULTS Radiomic features selected by clustering combined with CPH were found to be more predictive, with a C-index of 0.699 in comparison to 0.648 by clustering combined with RSF. Based on multivariate CPH model, our integrative nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.792 and retained 0.743 in the cross-validation analysis, outperforming radiomic, clinical, or hematological model alone. The calibration curve showed agreement between predicted and actual values for the 1-year and 2-year survival prediction. Interestingly, the selected important radiomic features were significantly correlated with levels of platelet, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) (p values all < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The integrative nomogram incorporated CT radiomic, clinical, and hematological features improved survival prediction in LA-NSCLC patients, which would offer a feasible and practical reference for individualized management of these patients. KEY POINTS • An integrative nomogram incorporated CT radiomic, clinical, and hematological features was constructed and cross-validated to predict prognosis of LA-NSCLC patients. • The integrative nomogram outperformed radiomic, clinical, or hematological model alone. • This nomogram has value to permit non-invasive, comprehensive, and dynamical evaluation of the phenotypes of LA-NSCLC and can provide a feasible and practical reference for individualized management of LA-NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250017, China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Xin
- School of Information Technologies, the University of Sydney, Building J12, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chongrui Xu
- School of Information Technologies, the University of Sydney, Building J12, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Meiying Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250017, China
- Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250017, China
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dagan Feng
- School of Information Technologies, the University of Sydney, Building J12, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiuying Wang
- School of Information Technologies, the University of Sydney, Building J12, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250017, China.
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146
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Valdes-Mora F, Handler K, Law AMK, Salomon R, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ, Gallego-Ortega D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Cancer Immunobiology: The Future of Precision Oncology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2582. [PMID: 30483257 PMCID: PMC6240655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease. Tumors are formed by cancer cells and a myriad of non-cancerous cell types that together with the extracellular matrix form the tumor microenvironment. These cancer-associated cells and components contribute to shape the progression of cancer and are deeply involved in patient outcome. The immune system is an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, and induction of cancer immunotolerance is a necessary step involved in tumor formation and growth. Immune mechanisms are intimately associated with cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis; as well as to tumor dormancy and modulation of sensitivity to drug therapy. Transcriptome analyses have been extensively used to understand the heterogeneity of tumors, classifying tumors into molecular subtypes and establishing signatures that predict response to therapy and patient outcomes. However, the classification of the tumor cell diversity and specially the identification of rare populations has been limited in these transcriptomic analyses of bulk tumor cell populations. Massively-parallel single-cell RNAseq analysis has emerged as a powerful method to unravel heterogeneity and to study rare cell populations in cancer, through unsupervised sampling and modeling of transcriptional states in single cells. In this context, the study of the role of the immune system in cancer would benefit from single cell approaches, as it will enable the characterization and/or discovery of the cell types and pathways involved in cancer immunotolerance otherwise missed in bulk transcriptomic information. Thus, the analysis of gene expression patterns at single cell resolution holds the potential to provide key information to develop precise and personalized cancer treatment including immunotherapy. This review is focused on the latest single-cell RNAseq methodologies able to agnostically study thousands of tumor cells as well as targeted single-cell RNAseq to study rare populations within tumors. In particular, we will discuss methods to study the immune system in cancer. We will also discuss the current challenges to the study of cancer at the single cell level and the potential solutions to the current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Handler
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Salomon
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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147
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Sex specific function of epithelial STAT3 signaling in pathogenesis of K-ras mutant lung cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4589. [PMID: 30389925 PMCID: PMC6214980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) with mutations in the K-ras oncogene display dismal prognosis. Proinflammatory and immunomodulatory events that drive development of K-ras mutant LUAD are poorly understood. Here, we develop a lung epithelial specific K-ras mutant/Stat3 conditional knockout (LR/Stat3Δ/Δ) mouse model. Epithelial Stat3 deletion results in intriguing sex-associated discrepancies; K-ras mutant tumors are decreased in female LR/Stat3Δ/Δ mice whereas tumor burdens are increased in males. RNA-sequencing and tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis demonstrate increased anti-tumor immune responses following Stat3 deletion in females and, conversely, elevated pro-tumor immune pathways in males. While IL-6 blockade in male LR/Stat3Δ/Δ mice reduces lung tumorigenesis, inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling in female mice augments K-ras mutant oncogenesis and reprograms lung TME toward a pro-tumor phenotype. Our data underscore a critical sex-specific role for epithelial Stat3 signaling in K-ras mutant LUAD, thus paving the way for developing personalized (e.g. sex-based) immunotherapeutic strategies for this fatal disease. Proinflammatory and immunomodulatory events that drive development of K-ras mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are poorly understood. Here they develop a lung epithelial specific K-ras mutant/Stat3 conditional knockout mouse model and show a sex-specific role for epithelial Stat3 signaling in K-ras-mutant LUAD.
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148
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Rao S, Gharib K, Han A. Cancer Immunosurveillance by T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 342:149-173. [PMID: 30635090 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is based on the ability of the immune system to recognize tumors as foreign tissue. The idea of cancer immunosurveillance was first conceived over a century ago but remained controversial through much of the 20th century. In the past few decades, however, the field has progressed rapidly, and the concept of tumor immunosurveillance is now well established. With this chapter, we provide a historical background of immunosurveillance, the concept of immunoediting, and the role of different T-cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the relationship between immune checkpoints, tumor antigens, T cell receptor repertoire, and immunosurveillance. Finally, we comment on the future of immunotherapy as it relates to T cell immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita Rao
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karim Gharib
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arnold Han
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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149
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Abstract
Vascular remodeling defines cancer growth and aggressiveness. Although cancer cells produce pro-angiogenic signals, the fate of angiogenesis critically depends on the cancer microenvironment. Composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor inflammation determine whether a cancer will remain dormant, will be recognized by the immune system and eliminated, or whether the tumor will develop and lead to the spread and metastasis of cancer cells. Thrombospondins (TSPs), a family of ECM proteins that has long been associated with the regulation of angiogenesis and cancer, regulate multiple physiological processes that determine cancer growth and spreading, from angiogenesis to inflammation, metabolic changes, and properties of ECM. Here, we sought to review publications that describe various functions of TSPs that link these proteins to regulation of cancer growth by modulating multiple physiological and pathological events that prevent or support tumor development. In addition to its direct effects on angiogenesis, TSPs have important roles in regulation of inflammation, immunity, ECM properties and composition, and glucose and insulin metabolism. Furthermore, TSPs have distinct roles as regulators of remodeling in tissues and tumors, such that the pathways activated by a single TSP can interact and influence each other. The complex nature of TSP interactions and functions, including their different cell- and tissue-specific effects, may lead to confusing results and controversial conclusions when taken out of the context of interdisciplinary and holistic approaches. However, studies of TSP functions and roles in different systems of the organism offer an integrative view of tumor remodeling and a potential for finding therapeutic targets that would modulate multiple complementary processes associated with cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, USA
| | - Jasmine Gajeton
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, USA
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150
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Ryszawy D, Rolski F, Ryczek K, Catapano J, Wróbel T, Michalik M, Czyż J. Invasive bronchial fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients activate lung cancer A549 cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6582-6588. [PMID: 30405798 PMCID: PMC6202494 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggests that there are functional links between bronchial asthma and lung carcinogenesis. Bronchial fibroblasts serve a prominent role in the asthmatic process; however, their involvement in lung cancer progression remains unaddressed. To estimate the effect of the asthmatic microenvironment on the invasiveness of lung cancer cells, the present study compared the behavior of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells exposed to the signals from human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) derived from non-asthmatic donors (NA HBFs) and from asthmatic patients (AS HBFs). NA HBFs did not significantly affect A549 motility, whereas AS HBFs and the media conditioned with AS HBF/A549 co-cultures increased Snail-1/connexin43 expression and motility of A549 cells. In contrast to NA HBFs, which formed A549-impenetrable lateral barriers, α-SMA+ AS HBFs actively infiltrated A549 monolayers and secreted chemotactic factors that arrested A549 cells within AS HBF/A549 contact zone. However, small sub-populations of A549 cells could release from this arrest and colonize distant regions of AS HBF monolayers. These data indicated that the interactions between lung cancer cells and HBFs in asthmatic bronchi may facilitate the colonization of lung tumors by fibroblasts. It further stabilizes the tumor microenvironment and potentially facilitates collective colonization of novel bronchial loci by cancer cells. Potential mechanistic links between the asthmatic process and lung cancer progression suggest that bronchial asthma should be included in the list of potential prognostic markers for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Filip Rolski
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Ryczek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jessica Catapano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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