101
|
Dermani FK, Samadi P, Rahmani G, Kohlan AK, Najafi R. PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint: Potential target for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1313-1325. [PMID: 30191996 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show that cancer cells are sometimes able to evade the host immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells can express high levels of immune inhibitory signaling proteins. One of the most critical checkpoint pathways in this system is a tumor-induced immune suppression (immune checkpoint) mediated by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-1 is highly expressed by activated T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, whereas PD-L1 is expressed on several types of tumor cells. Many studies have shown that blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 enhances the T-cell response and mediates antitumor activity. In this review, we highlight a brief overview of the molecular and biochemical events that are regulated by the PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction in various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh K Dermani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Golebagh Rahmani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alisa K Kohlan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Yi M, Jiao D, Xu H, Liu Q, Zhao W, Han X, Wu K. Biomarkers for predicting efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:129. [PMID: 30139382 PMCID: PMC6107958 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) is a negative modulatory signaling pathway for activation of T cell. It is acknowledged that PD-1/PD-L1 axis plays a crucial role in the progression of tumor by altering status of immune surveillance. As one of the most promising immune therapy strategies, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is a breakthrough for the therapy of some refractory tumors. However, response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in overall patients is unsatisfactory, which limits the application in clinical practice. Therefore, biomarkers which could effectively predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are crucial for patient selection. Biomarkers reflecting tumor immune microenvironment and tumor cell intrinsic features, such as PD-L1 expression, density of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), tumor mutational burden, and mismatch-repair (MMR) deficiency, have been noticed to associate with treatment effect of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy. Furthermore, gut microbiota, circulating biomarkers, and patient previous history have been found as valuable predictors as well. Therefore establishing a comprehensive assessment framework involving multiple biomarkers would be meaningful to interrogate tumor immune landscape and select sensitive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Bauer C, Abdul Pari AA, Umansky V, Utikal J, Boukamp P, Augustin HG, Goerdt S, Géraud C, Felcht M. T-lymphocyte profiles differ between keratoacanthomas and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the human skin. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1147-1157. [PMID: 29799076 PMCID: PMC11028118 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-lymphocytes are involved in tumor progression and regression. Actinic keratoses (AK) are atypical proliferations of keratinocytes of the skin. Some AK progress into invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). Keratoacanthomas (KA) are either classified as a cSCC subtype or a benign tumor with histologic resemblance to well-differentiated cSCC as it is supposed to regress spontaneously. In contrast, cSCC represent malignant tumors that may metastasize. OBJECTIVES To compare the T-lymphocyte profiles of AK, KA and cSCC in relation to PD-L1 expression. METHODS Tissue micro-arrays of 103 cases of AK, 43 cases of KA and 106 cases of cSCC were stained by immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXp3, and the receptor-ligand pair PD-1/PD-L1. Immunohistological scores were computationally determined to assess PD-L1 expression as well as the expression profiles of T-lymphocytes. RESULTS AK had lower numbers of CD3+ and PD-1+ cells compared to KA and lower numbers of CD3+, CD8+ and PD-1+ cells in comparison with cSCC. KA showed significantly higher numbers of CD4+ and FOXp3+ cells as well as lower numbers of CD8+ cells in comparison with invasive cSCC. cSCC expressed significantly more PD-L1 in comparison with AK and KA. Among cSCC PD-L1 expression was higher in moderately and poorly-differentiated cSCC than in well-differentiated cSCC. Increased PD-L1 expression also correlated with increased numbers of CD4+, CD8+ and FOXp3+ cells in cSCC. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-associated T-lymphocyte infiltrates showed significant differences between AK, KA and invasive cSCC. PD-L1 expression correlated with invasion of T-cell infiltrates in invasive cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Centre of Excellence of Dermatology of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashik Ahmed Abdul Pari
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Centre of Excellence of Dermatology of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Centre of Excellence of Dermatology of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Boukamp
- Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Centre of Excellence of Dermatology of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Centre of Excellence of Dermatology of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Section of Molecular and Clinical Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Felcht
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Centre of Excellence of Dermatology of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Guia S, Fenis A, Vivier E, Narni-Mancinelli E. Activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:331-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
105
|
Heim L, Friedrich J, Engelhardt M, Trufa DI, Geppert CI, Rieker RJ, Sirbu H, Finotto S. NFATc1 Promotes Antitumoral Effector Functions and Memory CD8 + T-cell Differentiation during Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Development. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3619-3633. [PMID: 29691251 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) is a transcription factor activated by T-cell receptor (TCR) and Ca2+ signaling that affects T-cell activation and effector function. Upon tumor antigen challenge, TCR and calcium-release-activated channels are induced, promoting NFAT dephosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus. In this study, we report a progressive decrease of NFATc1 in lung tumor tissue and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of patients suffering from advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mice harboring conditionally inactivated NFATc1 in T cells (NFATc1ΔCD4) showed increased lung tumor growth associated with impaired T-cell activation and function. Furthermore, in the absence of NFATc1, reduced IL2 influenced the development of memory CD8+ T cells. We found a reduction of effector memory and CD103+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells in the lung of tumor-bearing NFATc1ΔCD4 mice, underlining an impaired cytotoxic T-cell response and a reduced TRM tissue-homing capacity. In CD4+ICOS+ T cells, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was induced in the draining lymph nodes of these mice and associated with lung tumor cell growth. Targeting PD-1 resulted in NFATc1 induction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice and was associated with increased antitumor cytotoxic functions. This study reveals a role of NFATc1 in the activation and cytotoxic functions of T cells, in the development of memory CD8+ T-cell subsets, and in the regulation of T-cell exhaustion. These data underline the indispensability of NFATc1 for successful antitumor immune responses in patients with NSCLC.Significance: The multifaceted role of NFATc1 in the activation and function of T cells during lung cancer development makes it a critical participant in antitumor immune responses in patients with NSCLC. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3619-33. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Heim
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Friedrich
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Engelhardt
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I Trufa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Yi M, Yu S, Qin S, Liu Q, Xu H, Zhao W, Chu Q, Wu K. Gut microbiome modulates efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:47. [PMID: 29580257 PMCID: PMC5870075 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy is a novel strategy for cancer treatments in recent years. However, it was observed that most patients treated with ICIs could not get benefit from the therapy, which led to the limitation of clinical application. Motivated by potent and durable efficacy of ICIs, oncologists endeavor to explore the mechanisms of resistance to ICIs and increase the drug sensitivity. It is known that heterogeneity of gut microbiome in populations may result in different outcomes of therapy. In xenograft model, bacteria in gut have been proved as a crucial factor regulating immunotherapy efficacy. And the similar phenomenon was obtained in patients. In this review, we summarized relevant advancements about gut microbiome and ICIs. Furthermore, we focused on modulatory function of gut microbiome in ICIs therapy and possible antitumor mechanism of specific commensals in ICIs treatment. We propose that gut microbiome is an important predictive factor, and manipulation of gut microbiome is feasible to elevate response rate in ICIs therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Guo Y, Feng X, Jiang Y, Shi X, Xing X, Liu X, Li N, Fadeel B, Zheng C. PD1 blockade enhances cytotoxicity of in vitro expanded natural killer cells towards myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48360-48374. [PMID: 27356741 PMCID: PMC5217023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming for an adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy, we have developed a novel protocol to expand NK cells from peripheral blood. With this protocol using anti-human CD16 antibody and interleukin (IL)-2, NK (CD3-CD56+) cells could be expanded about 4000-fold with over 70% purity during a 21-day culture. The expanded NK (exNK) cells were shown to be highly cytotoxic to multiple myeloma (MM) cells (RPMI8226) at low NK-target cell ratios. Furthermore, NK cells expanded in the presence of a blocking antibody (exNK+PD1-blockage) against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1), a key counteracting molecule for NK and T cell activity, demonstrated more potent cytolytic activity against the RPMI8226 than the exNK cells without PD1 blocking. In parallel, the exNK cells showed significantly higher expression of NK activation receptors NKG2D, NKp44 and NKp30. In a murine model of MM, transfusion of exNK cells, exNK+PD1-blockage, and exNK plus intratumor injection of anti-PD-L2 antibody (exNK+PD-L2 blockage) all significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of the myeloma mice. Importantly, exNK+PD1-blockage presented more efficient therapeutic effects. Our results suggest that the NK cell expansion protocol with PD1 blockade presented in this study has considerable potential for the clinical application of allo- and auto-NK cell-based therapies against malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Laboratory Department of The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangling Xing
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nailin Li
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC. Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29559973 PMCID: PMC5845585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME), monocytes reportedly impede natural T cell functions via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, it remains unclear if T cell receptor-redirected T cells (TCR T cells) are similarly inhibited. Hence, we developed a 3D intrahepatic TME microfluidic model to investigate the immunosuppressive potential of monocytes toward HBV-specific TCR T cells and the role of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Interestingly, in our 3D static microfluidic model, we observed that monocytes suppressed only retrovirally transduced (Tdx) TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells via PD-L1/PD-1, while mRNA electroporated (EP) TCR T cell cytotoxicity was not affected by the presence of monocytes. Importantly, when co-cultured in 2D, both Tdx and EP TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells were not suppressed by monocytes, suggesting our 3D model as a superior tool compared to standard 2D assays for predicting TCR T cell efficacy in a preclinical setting, which can thus be used to improve current immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Tanoto Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
The role of hypoxia in shaping the recruitment of proangiogenic and immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2018; 22:7-13. [PMID: 29628788 PMCID: PMC5885081 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2018.73874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia characterizes growing tumors and contributes significantly to their aggressiveness. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs 1 and 2) are stabilized and act differentially as transcription factors on tumor growth and are responsible for important cancer hallmarks such as pathologic angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and genetic instability as well as affecting tumor metabolism, tumor immune responses, invasion and metastasis. Taking into account the tumor tissue as a whole and considering the interplay of the various partners which react with hypoxia in the tumor site lead to reconsideration of the treatment strategies. Key limitations of treatment success result from the adaptation to the hypoxic milieu sustained by tumor anarchic angiogenesis. This raises immune tolerance by influencing the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells as bone marrow derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or by impairing the infiltration and killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic cells at the level of the endothelial cell wall of the hypoxic tumor vessels, as summarized in the schematic abstract.
Collapse
|
110
|
PD-1 and its ligands are important immune checkpoints in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2171-2186. [PMID: 27974689 PMCID: PMC5356790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligands (PD-Ls) have been identified as negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune evasion of tumor cells. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-Ls inhibits the function of T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) while increasing the function of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). This condition causes the tumor cells to evade immune response. Thus, the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 enhances anti-tumor immunity by reducing the number and/or the suppressive activity of Tregs and by restoring the activity of effector T cells. Furthermore, some monoclonal antibodies blockading PD-1/PD-Ls axis have achieved good effect and received Food and Drug Administration approval. The role of PD-1/PD-Ls in tumors has been well studied, but little is known on the mechanism by which PD-1 blocks T-cell activation. In this study, we provide a brief overview on the discovery and regulatory mechanism of PD-1 and PD-L1 dysregulation in tumors, as well as the function and signaling pathway of PD-1 and its ligands; their roles in tumor evasion and clinical treatment were also studied.
Collapse
|
111
|
Buermann A, Petkov S, Petersen B, Hein R, Lucas-Hahn A, Baars W, Brinkmann A, Niemann H, Schwinzer R. Pigs expressing the human inhibitory ligand PD-L1 (CD 274) provide a new source of xenogeneic cells and tissues with low immunogenic properties. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12387. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Buermann
- Transplant Laboratory; Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Stoyan Petkov
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut; Mariensee Germany
| | - Björn Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut; Mariensee Germany
| | - Rabea Hein
- Transplant Laboratory; Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Andrea Lucas-Hahn
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut; Mariensee Germany
| | - Wiebke Baars
- Transplant Laboratory; Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Antje Brinkmann
- Transplant Laboratory; Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut; Mariensee Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwinzer
- Transplant Laboratory; Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Mukherjee N, Svatek RS, Mansour AM. Role of immunotherapy in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:103-108. [PMID: 29429897 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical instillation of live attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard for patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). BCG-failures include a heterogenous population of patients who share a designation of disease recurrence or progression following BCG and include patients with complete unresponsiveness to BCG, patients who respond initially but develop relapse and, in some cases, patients who are intolerant to BCG due to side effects. Given the efficacy and relatively rapid approval of several monoclonal antibodies against PD-L1 or PD-1 for advanced and metastatic bladder cancer, the role of these checkpoint inhibitors in BCG-relapsing disease at various disease stages is under consideration. Data supporting a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors is largely theoretical with limited supportive data from animal models and from clinical evidence of increased PD-L1 expression in BCG-unresponsive tumors. Current trials in BCG-unresponsive disease are underway and expected to provide insight regarding these concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mukherjee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Du S, McCall N, Park K, Guan Q, Fontina P, Ertel A, Zhan T, Dicker AP, Lu B. Blockade of Tumor-Expressed PD-1 promotes lung cancer growth. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1408747. [PMID: 29632720 PMCID: PMC5889288 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1408747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is the standard of care for treating many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet mechanisms of treatment failure are emerging. We present a case of NSCLC, who rapidly progressed during a trial (NCT02318771) combining palliative radiotherapy and pembrolizumab. Planned tumor biopsy demonstrated PD-1 expression by NSCLC cells. We validated this observation by detecting PD-1 transcript in lung cancer cells and by co-localizing PD-1 and lung cancer-specific markers in resected lung cancer tissues. We further investigated the biological role of cancer-intrinsic PD-1 in a mouse lung cancer cell line, M109. Knockout or antibody blockade of PD-1 enhanced M109 viability in-vitro, while PD-1 overexpression and exposure to recombinant PD-L1 diminished viability. PD-1 blockade accelerated growth of M109-xenograft tumors with increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in immune-deficient mice. This represents a first-time report of NSCLC-intrinsic PD-1 expression and a potential mechanism by which PD-1 blockade may promote cancer growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neal McCall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyewon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Paolo Fontina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Xu Z, Li P, Fan L, Wu M. The Potential Role of circRNA in Tumor Immunity Regulation and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:9. [PMID: 29403493 PMCID: PMC5786515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be divided into circular non-coding RNAs (circRNAs) and linear ncRNAs. ncRNAs exist in different cell types, including normal cells, tumor cells and immunocytes. Linear ncRNAs, such as long ncRNAs and microRNAs, have been found to play important roles in the regulation of tumor immunity and immunotherapy; however, the functions of circRNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy are less known. Here, we review the current status of ncRNAs in the regulation of tumor immunity and immunotherapy and emphatically discuss the potential roles of circRNAs as tumor antigens in the regulation of tumor immunity and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Minghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC. Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29559973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00416/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME), monocytes reportedly impede natural T cell functions via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, it remains unclear if T cell receptor-redirected T cells (TCR T cells) are similarly inhibited. Hence, we developed a 3D intrahepatic TME microfluidic model to investigate the immunosuppressive potential of monocytes toward HBV-specific TCR T cells and the role of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Interestingly, in our 3D static microfluidic model, we observed that monocytes suppressed only retrovirally transduced (Tdx) TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells via PD-L1/PD-1, while mRNA electroporated (EP) TCR T cell cytotoxicity was not affected by the presence of monocytes. Importantly, when co-cultured in 2D, both Tdx and EP TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells were not suppressed by monocytes, suggesting our 3D model as a superior tool compared to standard 2D assays for predicting TCR T cell efficacy in a preclinical setting, which can thus be used to improve current immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Tanoto Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Wu Z, Lai L, Li M, Zhang L, Zhang W. Acute liver failure caused by pembrolizumab in a patient with pulmonary metastatic liver cancer: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9431. [PMID: 29390572 PMCID: PMC5758274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is an inhibitor of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), which was approved to treat advanced melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer patients who do not respond to other treatment. However, its efficacy and security in the treatment of advanced liver cancer is still under investigation. PATIENT CONCERNS A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with pulmonary metastatic liver cancer who accepted pembrolizumab treatment after the failure of sorafenib. When injected pembrolizumab, in spite of pulmonary metastatic lesion shrink, the patient experienced severe liver dysfunction. DIAGNOSES Based on the features of the clinical signs and laboratory examination,the patient was diagnosed with pembrolizumab-induced immune-related hepatitis by excluding other etiologies and drug-induced side effects. INTERVENTIONS The patient received glucocorticoid and artificial liver (plasma exchange) therapy after failed conservative liver protection treatment. OUTCOMES The patient's liver dysfunction continuously progressed and he finally died of liver failure and its complications during his hospitalization. LESSONS Pembrolizumab showed efficacy in an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patient with lung metastases. However, it can generate immune-related adverse events such as immune-related hepatitis which can be lethal.
Collapse
|
117
|
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the principal ligand of programmed death 1 (PD-1), a coinhibitory receptor that can be constitutively expressed or induced in myeloid, lymphoid, normal epithelial cells and in cancer. Under physiological conditions, the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is essential in the development of immune tolerance preventing excessive immune cell activity that can lead to tissue destruction and autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression is an immune evasion mechanism exploited by various malignancies and is generally associated with poorer prognosis. PD-L1 expression is also suggested as a predictive biomarker of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies; however, contradictory evidence exists as to its role across histotypes. Over the years, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents have gained momentum as novel anticancer therapeutics, by inducing durable tumour regression in numerous malignancies including metastatic lung cancer, melanoma and many others. In this review, we discuss the immunobiology of PD-L1, with a particular focus on its clinical significance in malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthousa Kythreotou
- Departmentof Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Abdul Siddique
- Departmentof Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Francesco A Mauri
- Departmentof Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Mark Bower
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - David J Pinato
- Departmentof Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Mittica G, Ghisoni E, Giannone G, Aglietta M, Genta S, Valabrega G. Checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer: preclinical rationale and clinical activity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90532-90544. [PMID: 29163851 PMCID: PMC5685772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) is still an unmet need for oncologists and gynecologic oncologists. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA) recently provided a new genomic classification, dividing EC in four subgroups. Two types of EC, the polymerase epsilon (POLE)-ultra-mutated and the microsatellite instability-hyper-mutated (MSI-H), are characterized by a high mutation rate providing the rationale for a potential activity of checkpoint inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed all available evidence supporting the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in EC development and the therapeutic implications offered by immune checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. We performed a review on Pubmed with Mesh keywords 'endometrial cancer' and the name of each checkpoint inhibitor discussed in the article. The same search was operated on clinicaltrial.gov to identify ongoing clinical trials exploring PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis in EC, particularly focusing on POLE-ultra-muted and MSI-H cancer types. RESULTS POLE-ultra-mutated and MSI-H ECs showed an active TME expressing high number of neo-antigens and an elevated amount of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Preliminary results from a phase-1 clinical trial (KEYNOTE-028) demonstrated antitumor activity of Pembrolizumab in EC. Moreover, both Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab reported durable clinical responses in POLE-ultra-mutated patients. CONCLUSIONS Immune checkpoint inhibitors are an attractive option in POLE-ultra-mutated and MSI-H ECs. Future investigations in these subgroups include combinations of checkpoints inhibitors with chemotherapy and small tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to enhance a more robust intra-tumoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mittica
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology-1, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology-1, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology-1, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology-1, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sofia Genta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology-1, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology-1, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
De Simone M, Arrigoni A, Rossetti G, Gruarin P, Ranzani V, Politano C, Bonnal RJP, Provasi E, Sarnicola ML, Panzeri I, Moro M, Crosti M, Mazzara S, Vaira V, Bosari S, Palleschi A, Santambrogio L, Bovo G, Zucchini N, Totis M, Gianotti L, Cesana G, Perego RA, Maroni N, Pisani Ceretti A, Opocher E, De Francesco R, Geginat J, Stunnenberg HG, Abrignani S, Pagani M. Transcriptional Landscape of Human Tissue Lymphocytes Unveils Uniqueness of Tumor-Infiltrating T Regulatory Cells. Immunity 2017; 45:1135-1147. [PMID: 27851914 PMCID: PMC5119953 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) can suppress effector T cells specific for tumor antigens. Deeper molecular definitions of tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes could thus offer therapeutic opportunities. Transcriptomes of T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and Treg cells infiltrating colorectal or non-small-cell lung cancers were compared to transcriptomes of the same subsets from normal tissues and validated at the single-cell level. We found that tumor-infiltrating Treg cells were highly suppressive, upregulated several immune-checkpoints, and expressed on the cell surfaces specific signature molecules such as interleukin-1 receptor 2 (IL1R2), programmed death (PD)-1 Ligand1, PD-1 Ligand2, and CCR8 chemokine, which were not previously described on Treg cells. Remarkably, high expression in whole-tumor samples of Treg cell signature genes, such as LAYN, MAGEH1, or CCR8, correlated with poor prognosis. Our findings provide insights into the molecular identity and functions of human tumor-infiltrating Treg cells and define potential targets for tumor immunotherapy. Transcriptome analysis performed on tumor-resident CD4+ Th1, Th17, and Treg cells Tumor-infiltrating Treg cells are defined by the expression of signature genes Treg-specific signature genes correlate with patients’ survival in both CRC and NSCLC
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Simone
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Alberto Arrigoni
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Grazisa Rossetti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Valeria Ranzani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Claudia Politano
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Raoul J P Bonnal
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Elena Provasi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Sarnicola
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Ilaria Panzeri
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Monica Moro
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Saveria Mazzara
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy; Division of Pathology, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Luigi Santambrogio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Department of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Department of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Mauro Totis
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Luca Gianotti
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Nirvana Maroni
- UO Chirurgia Epatobiliopancreatica e Digestiva Ospedale San Paolo, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - Andrea Pisani Ceretti
- UO Chirurgia Epatobiliopancreatica e Digestiva Ospedale San Paolo, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - Enrico Opocher
- UO Chirurgia Epatobiliopancreatica e Digestiva Ospedale San Paolo, Milan 20142, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,' Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20129, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Pastina P, Nardone V, Croci S, Battaglia G, Vanni F, Bellan C, Barbarino M, Ricci V, Costantini S, Capone F, Botta C, Zarone MR, Misso G, Boccellino M, Caraglia M, Giordano A, Paladini P, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P, Cusi MG, Pirtoli L, Correale P. Anti-cancer activity of dose-fractioned mPE +/- bevacizumab regimen is paralleled by immune-modulation in advanced squamous NSLC patients. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:3123-3131. [PMID: 29221287 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.08.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Results from the BEVA2007 trial, suggest that the metronomic chemotherapy regimen with dose-fractioned cisplatin and oral etoposide (mPE) +/- bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), shows anti-angiogenic and immunological effects and is a safe and active treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. We carried out a retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of this treatment in a subset of patients with squamous histology. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in a subset of 31 patients with squamous histology enrolled in the study between September 2007 and September 2015. All of the patients received chemotherapy with cisplatin (30 mg/sqm, days 1-3q21) and oral etoposide (50 mg, days 1-15q21) (mPE) and 14 of them also received bevacizumab 5 mg/kg on the day 3q21 (mPEBev regimen). Results This treatment showed a disease control rate of 71% with a mean progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 13.6 and 17 months respectively. After 4 treatment courses, 6 patients showing a remarkable tumor shrinkage, underwent to radical surgery, attaining a significant advantage in term of survival (P=0.048). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test identified the longest survival in patients presenting low baseline levels in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P=0.05), interleukin (IL) 17A (P=0.036), regulatory-T-cells (Tregs) (P=0.020), and activated CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) (P=0.03). Conclusions These results suggest that the mPE +/- bevacizumab regimen is feasible and should be tested in comparative trials in advanced squamous-NSCLC (sqNSCLC). Moreover, its immune-biological effects strongly suggest the investigation in sequential combinations with immune check-point inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Pastina
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanni
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Marcella Barbarino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Ricci
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mayra Rachele Zarone
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piero Paladini
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Pastina P, Nardone V, Botta C, Croci S, Tini P, Battaglia G, Ricci V, Cusi MG, Gandolfo C, Misso G, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M, Giordano A, Aldinucci D, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P, Pirtoli L, Correale P. Radiotherapy prolongs the survival of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients undergone to an immune-modulating treatment with dose-fractioned cisplatin and metronomic etoposide and bevacizumab (mPEBev). Oncotarget 2017; 8:75904-75913. [PMID: 29100279 PMCID: PMC5652673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), together with a direct cytolytic effect on tumor tissue, also elicits systemic immunological events, which sometimes result in the regression of distant metastases (abscopal effect). We have shown the safety and anti-tumor activity of a novel metronomic chemotherapy (mCH) regimen with dose-fractioned cisplatin, oral etoposide and bevacizumab, a mAb against the vasculo-endothelial-growth-factor (mPEBev regimen), in metastatic non-small-cell-lung cancer (mNSCLC). This regimen, designed on the results of translational studies, showed immune-modulating effects that could trigger and empower the immunological effects associated with tumor irradiation. In order to assess this, we carried out a retrospective analysis in a subset of 69 consecutive patients who received the mPEBev regimen within the BEVA2007 trial. Forty-five of these patients, also received palliative RT of one or more metastatic sites. Statistical analysis (a Log-rank test) revealed a much longer median survival in the group of patients who received RT [mCH vs mCH + RT: 12.1 +/-2.5 (95%CI 3.35-8.6) vs 22.12 +/-4.3 (95%CI 11.9-26.087) months; P=0.015] with no difference in progression-free survival. In particular, their survival correlated with the mPEBev regimen ability to induce the percentage of activated dendritic cells (DCs) (CD3-CD11b+CD15-CD83+CD80+) [Fold to baseline value (FBV) ≤1 vs >1: 4+/-5.389 (95%CI,0- 14.56) vs 56+/-23.05 (95%CI,10.8-101.2) months; P:0.049)] and central-memory- T-cells (CD3+CD8+CD45RA-CCR7+) [FBV ≤ 1 vs >1: 8+/-5.96 (95%CI,0-19.68) vs 31+/-12.3 (95%CI,6.94-55.1) months; P:0.045]. These results suggest that tumor irradiation may prolong the survival of NSCLC patients undergone mPEBev regimen presumably by eliciting an immune-mediated effect and provide the rationale for further perspective clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Pastina
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Medical Oncology Unit, AUO "Mater Domini", "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Tini
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Ricci
- Radiology Unit,Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Medical Oncology Unit, AUO "Mater Domini", "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Long SA, Thorpe J, Herold KC, Ehlers M, Sanda S, Lim N, Linsley PS, Nepom GT, Harris KM. Remodeling T cell compartments during anti-CD3 immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes. Cell Immunol 2017; 319:3-9. [PMID: 28844471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The immunological mechanism(s) of action whereby teplizumab preserves C-peptide levels in the progression of patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still not well understood. In the present study, we evaluated the kinetics of T cell modulation in peripheral blood following two 14-day courses of teplizumab therapy one year apart in recent onset T1D participants in the AbATE clinical trial. Transient rises in PD-1+Foxp3+ Treg and potentially anergic (CD57-KLRG1-PD-1+) cells in the circulating CD4 T cell compartment were paralleled by more profound increases in circulating CD8 T cells with traits of exhaustion (CD57-KLRG1+PD-1+, TIGIT+KLRG1+, and persistent down-modulation of CD127). The observed phenotypic changes across cell types were associated with favorable response to treatment in the subgroup of study participants that did not develop anti-drug antibodies after the first course of therapy. These findings provide new insights on the duration and complexity of T cell modulation with teplizumab therapy in recent onset T1D, and in addition, suggest that coordinated immune mechanisms of tolerance that favor CD4 Treg function and restrain CD4 non-Treg and CD8 T cell activation may contribute to treatment success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerill Thorpe
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevan C Herold
- Departments of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Ehlers
- Immune Tolerance Network, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Noha Lim
- Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Linsley
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA; Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Kim J, Park M, Kim Y, Ryu K, Lee KH, Cho K, Woo S. Tonsil‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (T‐MSCs) prevent Th17‐mediated autoimmune response via regulation of the programmed death‐1/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1022-e1033. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Yon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Minhwa Park
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yu‐Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Zhou Y, Shi D, Miao J, Wu H, Chen J, Zhou X, Hu D, Zhao C, Deng W, Xie C. PD-L1 predicts poor prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma irrespective of PD-1 and EBV-DNA load. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43627. [PMID: 28256540 PMCID: PMC5335261 DOI: 10.1038/srep43627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immunosuppressive receptor functionally bound with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which has been reported in various malignancies. However, only a few studies are available for the clinical significance of PD-1/PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we aim to investigate alterations in PD-1/PD-L1 by using immunohistochemistry analysis in a cohort of consecutively enrolled NPC patients (n = 99). To further analyse the correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 and factors involved in clinico-pathology, haematologic biomarkers, EBV-DNA load and outcomes, we collected clinical data for statistical analysis. We observed that lower haemoglobin (HB) and Body Mass Index (BMI) levels were associated with high levels of PD-L1 staining in NPC patients. Importantly, our results suggested that PD-L1 might be a negative indicator for NPC patients. In contrast, a correlation between the PD-1/PD-L1 level and EBV load was not identified. Moreover, PD-1 positivity was suggested to not be significantly correlated with clinical outcomes. Taken together, our results revealed that PD-L1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker for NPC patients. However, further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of EBV status in the immunosuppression process induced by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medical, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- Department of Nasopharynx, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medical, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Department of Nasopharynx, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medical, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medical, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nasopharynx, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medical, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medical, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ok CY, Young KH. Targeting the programmed death-1 pathway in lymphoid neoplasms. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 54:99-109. [PMID: 28242522 PMCID: PMC5815314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory molecule and is seen in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Upon binding to its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and -2 (PD-L2), PD-1 negatively regulates interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and T cell proliferation. Activated effector T-cells, which kill cancer cells, can be affected by PD-1 signaling in some lymphoid neoplasm that express PD-L1 or PD-L2. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells can be induced by extrinsic signal (i.e. interferon gamma) or intrinsic signals, such as genetic aberrations involving 9p24.1, latent Epstein-Barr virus infection, PD-L1 3'- untranslated region disruptions, and activated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Anti-PD-1 therapy improves the overall response rate to treatment in patients with lymphoid neoplasms, particularly relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Inspired by their success in treating patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, medical practitioners have expanded PD-1 therapy, given as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs, to patients with other types of lymphoma. In this review, current clinical trials with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 drugs are summarized. The results of numerous clinical trials will broaden our understanding of PD-1 pathway and shall expand the list of patients who will get benefit from these agents including those who suffer from lymphoid neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Ok
- The Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ken H Young
- The Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Cunill V, Clemente A, Lanio N, Barceló C, Andreu V, Pons J, Ferrer JM. Follicular T Cells from smB - Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients Are Skewed Toward a Th1 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2017; 8:174. [PMID: 28289412 PMCID: PMC5326800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal center follicular T helper (GCTfh) cells are essential players in the differentiation of B cells. Circulating follicular T helper (cTfh) cells share phenotypic and functional properties with GCTfh cells. Distinct subpopulations of cTfh with different helper capabilities toward B cells can be identified: cTfh1 (CXCR3+CCR6−), cTfh2 (CXCR3−CCR6−), and cTfh17 (CXCR3−CCR6+). Alterations in cTfh function and/or distribution have been associated with autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and more recently, with several monogenic immunodeficiencies. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) disease is the commonest symptomatic primary immunodeficiency with a genetic cause identified in only 2–10% of patients. Although a heterogeneous disease, most patients show a characteristic defective B cell differentiation into memory B cells or antibody-secreting cells. We investigated if alterations in CVID cTfh cells frequency or distribution into cTfh1, cTfh2, and cTfh17 subpopulations and regulatory follicular T (Tfr) cells could be related to defects in CVID B cells. We found increased percentages of cTfh exhibiting higher programmed death-1 expression and altered subpopulations distribution in smB− CVID patients. In contrast to smB+ patients and controls, cTfh from smB− CVID patients show increased cTfh1 and decreased cTfh17 subpopulation percentages and increased CXCR3+CCR6+ cTfh, a population analogous to the recently described pathogenic Th17.1. Moreover, Tfr cells are remarkably decreased only in smB− CVID patients. In conclusion, increased cTfh17.1 and cTfh1/cTfh17 ratio in CVID patients could influence B cell fate in smB− CVID patients, with a more compromised B cell compartment, and the decrease in Tfr cells may lead to high risk of autoimmune conditions in CVID patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Cunill
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Clemente
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Nallibe Lanio
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carla Barceló
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases , Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands , Spain
| | - Valero Andreu
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jaume Pons
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Joana M Ferrer
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Shim KG, Zaidi S, Thompson J, Kottke T, Evgin L, Rajani KR, Schuelke M, Driscoll CB, Huff A, Pulido JS, Vile RG. Inhibitory Receptors Induced by VSV Viroimmunotherapy Are Not Necessarily Targets for Improving Treatment Efficacy. Mol Ther 2017; 25:962-975. [PMID: 28237836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic viroimmunotherapy activates endogenous innate and adaptive immune responses against both viral and tumor antigens. We have shown that therapy with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) engineered to express a tumor-associated antigen activates antigen-specific adoptively transferred T cells (adoptive cell therapy, ACT) in vivo to generate effective therapy. The overall goal of this study was to phenotypically characterize the immune response to VSV+ACT therapy and use the information gained to rationally improve combination therapy. We observed rapid expansion of blood CD8+ effector cells acutely following VSV therapy with markedly high expression of the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and TIM-3. Using these data, we tested a treatment schedule incorporating mAb immune checkpoint inhibitors with VSV+ACT treatment. Unlike clinical scenarios, we delivered therapy at early time points following tumor establishment and treatment. Our goal was to potentiate the immune response generated by VSV therapy to achieve durable control of metastatic disease. Despite the high frequency of endogenous PD-1+ TIM-3+ CD8+ T cells following virus administration, antibody blockade did not improve survival. These findings provide highly significant information about response kinetics to viroimmunotherapy and juxtapose the clinical use of checkpoint inhibitors against chronically dysfunctional T cells and the acute T cell response to oncolytic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Shim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shane Zaidi
- Targeted Therapy Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karishma R Rajani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew Schuelke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Amanda Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Leber A, Hontecillas R, Tubau-Juni N, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Hulver M, McMillan R, Eden K, Allen IC, Bassaganya-Riera J. NLRX1 Regulates Effector and Metabolic Functions of CD4 + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2260-2268. [PMID: 28159898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor X1 (NLRX1) has been implicated in viral response, cancer progression, and inflammatory disorders; however, its role as a dual modulator of CD4+ T cell function and metabolism has not been defined. The loss of NLRX1 results in increased disease severity, populations of Th1 and Th17 cells, and inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17) in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. To further characterize this phenotype, we used in vitro CD4+ T cell-differentiation assays and show that NLRX1-deficient T cells have a greater ability to differentiate into an inflammatory phenotype and possess greater proliferation rates. Further, NLRX1-/- cells have a decreased responsiveness to immune checkpoint pathways and greater rates of lactate dehydrogenase activity. When metabolic effects of the knockout are impaired, NLRX1-deficient cells do not display significant differences in differentiation or proliferation. To confirm the role of NLRX1 specifically in T cells, we used an adoptive-transfer model of colitis. Rag2-/- mice receiving NLRX1-/- naive or effector T cells experienced increased disease activity and effector T cell populations, whereas no differences were observed between groups receiving wild-type or NLRX1-/- regulatory T cells. Metabolic effects of NLRX1 deficiency are observed in a CD4-specific knockout of NLRX1 within a Citrobacter rodentium model of colitis. The aerobic glycolytic preference in NLRX1-/- effector T cells is combined with a decreased sensitivity to immunosuppressive checkpoint pathways to provide greater proliferative capabilities and an inflammatory phenotype bias leading to increased disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leber
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Victoria Zoccoli-Rodriguez
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Matthew Hulver
- Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.,Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and
| | - Ryan McMillan
- Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.,Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and
| | - Kristin Eden
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Zhou TC, Sankin AI, Porcelli SA, Perlin DS, Schoenberg MP, Zang X. A review of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in bladder cancer: From mediator of immune escape to target for treatment. Urol Oncol 2016; 35:14-20. [PMID: 27816403 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent observations have focused attention on the means that human tumors employ to evade host defense systems critical to immune surveillance. The concepts of immunotherapy are familiar to urologists because of the use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin in bladder cancer. Research demonstrating the importance of checkpoint inhibitors in suppressing immune responses against tumors has heightened interest in immunotherapy at a time when there is a need for alternatives to bacillus Calmette-Guérin. We review the literature on the application of immunotherapeutic agents targeting a key checkpoint pathway, programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), in the field of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed using Medline/Pubmed and Embase. RESULTS The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be manipulated by cancer cells to subvert the immune system. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has been tested in clinical trials for various malignancies including metastatic urothelial carcinoma, with significant response rates and limited side effects. PD-L1 expression has also been proposed as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer with mixed results. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 is one of several key receptors mediating immune escape, and agents targeting its ligand PD-L1 have already been successfully applied to patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. More research is needed to standardize criteria for PD-L1 positivity, explore its use as a biomarker, and optimize its use in the treatment for bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian C Zhou
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
| | | | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - David S Perlin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | | | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Martino EC, Misso G, Pastina P, Costantini S, Vanni F, Gandolfo C, Botta C, Capone F, Lombardi A, Pirtoli L, Tassone P, Ulivieri C, Tagliaferri P, Cusi MG, Caraglia M, Correale P. Immune-modulating effects of bevacizumab in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16025. [PMID: 27752361 PMCID: PMC5045963 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mPEBev is an anticancer regimen which combines a chemotherapy doublet, based on cisplatin and oral etoposide (mPE), with bevacizumab (mPEBev), a mAb targeting the vasculo-endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In previous studies, this regimen showed powerful anti-angiogenetic effects and significant antitumor activity in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. We also recorded the best benefit in patients exhibiting low-systemic inflammatory profile at baseline. On these bases, we hypothesized that mPEBev antitumor activity could be partially related to bevacizumab-associated immunological effects. For this reason, we performed an immunological monitoring in 59 out of 120 stage IIIb-IV NSCLC patients enrolled in the BEVA2007 phase II trial, who received fractioned cisplatin (30 mg/sqm days 1-3q21) and oral etoposide (50 mg, days 1-15q21) (mPE doublet) ±bevacizumab. In this group of patients, 12 received the mPE doublet alone and 47 the doublet in combination with bevacizumab (5 mg/kg on the day 3q21; mPEBev regimen). Blood cell counts, serum analysis, multiplex cytokine assay and immunocytofluorimetric analysis, performed on baseline and post-treatment on blood samples from these patients, revealed that bevacizumab addition to the doublet decreased levels of pro-angiogenic (VEGF, Angiostatin-1 and Follistatin) and inflammatory cytokines (interferon (IFN)γ, IL4 and IL17), improved in vivo and in vitro cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) response and promoted dendritic cell activation. These results suggest that the mPEBev regimen improve the micro-environmental conditions for an efficient antigen-specific CTL response, making it a feasible candidate regimen to be assessed in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Martino
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Siena University Hospital , Siena, Italy
| | - G Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second Naples University , Naples, Italy
| | - P Pastina
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Siena University Hospital , Siena, Italy
| | | | - F Vanni
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Siena University Hospital , Siena, Italy
| | - C Gandolfo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology , Siena, Italy
| | - C Botta
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University and AUO 'Materdomini' , Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - A Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second Naples University , Naples, Italy
| | - L Pirtoli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Siena University Hospital , Siena, Italy
| | - P Tassone
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University and AUO 'Materdomini' , Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C Ulivieri
- Department of Science of Life; University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - P Tagliaferri
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University and AUO 'Materdomini' , Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M G Cusi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology , Siena, Italy
| | - M Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second Naples University , Naples, Italy
| | - P Correale
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Siena University Hospital , Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in T Cell and NK Cell Lymphomas: Time for a Reassessment. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 10:456-67. [PMID: 26449716 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was initially discovered and characterized as an oncogenic virus in B cell neoplasms, it also plays a complex and multifaceted role in T/NK cell lymphomas. In B cell lymphomas, EBV-encoded proteins have been shown to directly promote immortalization and proliferation through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway and increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. In the context of mature T/NK lymphomas (MTNKL), with the possible exception on extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), the virus likely plays a more diverse and nuanced role. EBV has been shown to shape the tumor microenvironment by promoting Th2-skewed T cell responses and by increasing the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. The type of cell infected, the amount of plasma EBV DNA, and the degree of viral lytic replication have all been proposed to have prognostic value in T/NK cell lymphomas. Latency patterns of EBV infection have been defined using EBV-infected B cell models and have not been definitively established in T/NK cell lymphomas. Identifying the expression profile of EBV lytic proteins could allow for individualized therapy with the use of antiviral medications. More work needs to be done to determine whether EBV-associated MTNKL have distinct biological and clinical features, which can be leveraged for risk stratification, disease monitoring, and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
132
|
Zamani MR, Aslani S, Salmaninejad A, Javan MR, Rezaei N. PD-1/PD-L and autoimmunity: A growing relationship. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:27-41. [PMID: 27660198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, namely PD-L1 and PD-L2, are one of the key factors responsible for inhibitory T cell signaling, mediating the mechanisms of tolerance and providing immune homeostasis. Mounting evidence demonstrates that impaired PD-1:PD-L function plays an important role in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Behcet's disease (BD), myasthenia gravis (MG), autoimmune uveitis (AU), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), myocarditis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). By investigating the candidate genes, genome-wide association studies, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD-1 gene in humans, it has been shown that there is a higher risk in relevant genetic associations with developing autoimmune diseases in certain ethnic groups. In this review we have tried to present a comprehensive role of PD-1:PD-L in all recently studied autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Bally APR, Austin JW, Boss JM. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of PD-1 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2431-7. [PMID: 26945088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory immune receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is intricately regulated. In T cells, PD-1 is expressed in response to most immune challenges, but it is rapidly downregulated in acute settings, allowing for normal immune responses. On chronically stimulated Ag-specific T cells, PD-1 expression remains high, leading to an impaired response to stimuli. Ab blockade of PD-1 interactions during chronic Ag settings partially restores immune function and is now used clinically to treat a variety of devastating cancers. Understanding the regulation of PD-1 expression may be useful for developing novel immune-based therapies. In this review, the molecular mechanisms that drive dynamic PD-1 expression during acute and chronic antigenic stimuli are discussed. An array of cis-DNA elements, transcription factors, and epigenetic components, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, control PD-1 expression. The interplay between these regulators fine-tunes PD-1 expression in different inflammatory environments and across numerous cell types to modulate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P R Bally
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - James W Austin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Abstract
Micrometastatic disease following pulmonary metastasectomy is an ideal setting to test adjuvant immunotherapy, as the efficacy of immunotherapy in experimental models is greatest with the smallest tumor burdens. Although there is not a standard-of-care adjuvant immunotherapy for resected pulmonary metastases, there have been several studies using cytokines and other immunostimulatory molecules in conjunction with metastasectomies in patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and colorectal cancer, which have provided preliminary data that such adjuvant therapy is feasible and safe and may be useful in the future, following more rigorous testing, as routine therapy to prevent recurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Morse
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Room 403, Box 3233, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Gargiulo P, Della Pepa C, Berardi S, Califano D, Scala S, Buonaguro L, Ciliberto G, Brauchli P, Pignata S. Tumor genotype and immune microenvironment in POLE-ultramutated and MSI-hypermutated Endometrial Cancers: New candidates for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 48:61-8. [PMID: 27362548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial Cancer (EC) is still a challenge for gynecological oncologists because the treatment of the advanced disease remains an unmet need for patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA) recently provided a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of EC, offering a new classification of the disease, based on genetic features, which defines four subgroups of cancer rather than the two traditionally recognized. In the molecular classification two types of EC, the polymerase epsilon (POLE)-ultramutated and the microsatellite instability (MSI)-hypermutated, seem to present an enhanced immune microenvironment and a high mutation burden. The blockade of the immune checkpoints is an innovative approach that has largely demonstrated to be effective in solid malignancies, such as lung, renal and melanoma; it acts by reducing the cancer-induced immune-suppression through inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 (Programmed Death and PD-Ligand) axis. All available evidence supporting an over-expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in EC has been reviewed. In particular in the POLE and MSI ECs an up-regulation of this pathway was found, aiming to suggest a rationale for testing the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in these cancer subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piera Gargiulo
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Della Pepa
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Berardi
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Califano
- Department of Research-Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scala
- Department of Research-Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Peter Brauchli
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Pesce S, Greppi M, Tabellini G, Rampinelli F, Parolini S, Olive D, Moretta L, Moretta A, Marcenaro E. Identification of a subset of human natural killer cells expressing high levels of programmed death 1: A phenotypic and functional characterization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:335-346.e3. [PMID: 27372564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an immunologic checkpoint that limits immune responses by delivering potent inhibitory signals to T cells on interaction with specific ligands expressed on tumor/virus-infected cells, thus contributing to immune escape mechanisms. Therapeutic PD-1 blockade has been shown to mediate tumor eradication with impressive clinical results. Little is known about the expression/function of PD-1 on human natural killer (NK) cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to clarify whether human NK cells can express PD-1 and analyze their phenotypic/functional features. METHODS We performed multiparametric cytofluorimetric analysis of PD-1+ NK cells and their functional characterization using degranulation, cytokine production, and proliferation assays. RESULTS We provide unequivocal evidence that PD-1 is highly expressed (PD-1bright) on an NK cell subset detectable in the peripheral blood of approximately one fourth of healthy subjects. These donors are always serologically positive for human cytomegalovirus. PD-1 is expressed by CD56dim but not CD56bright NK cells and is confined to fully mature NK cells characterized by the NKG2A-KIR+CD57+ phenotype. Proportions of PD-1bright NK cells were higher in the ascites of a cohort of patients with ovarian carcinoma, suggesting their possible induction/expansion in tumor environments. Functional analysis revealed a reduced proliferative capability in response to cytokines, low degranulation, and impaired cytokine production on interaction with tumor targets. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and characterized a novel subpopulation of human NK cells expressing high levels of PD-1. These cells have the phenotypic characteristics of fully mature NK cells and are increased in patients with ovarian carcinoma. They display low proliferative responses and impaired antitumor activity that can be partially restored by antibody-mediated disruption of PD-1/programmed death ligand interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Rampinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniel Olive
- CRCM, Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
PD-1/CTLA-4 Blockade Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Lymphoma Growth in a Cord Blood Humanized-Mouse Model. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005642. [PMID: 27186886 PMCID: PMC4871349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection causes B cell lymphomas in humanized mouse models and contributes to a variety of different types of human lymphomas. T cells directed against viral antigens play a critical role in controlling EBV infection, and EBV-positive lymphomas are particularly common in immunocompromised hosts. We previously showed that EBV induces B cell lymphomas with high frequency in a cord blood-humanized mouse model in which EBV-infected human cord blood is injected intraperitoneally into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Since our former studies showed that it is possible for T cells to control the tumors in another NSG mouse model engrafted with both human fetal CD34+ cells and human thymus and liver, here we investigated whether monoclonal antibodies that block the T cell inhibitory receptors, PD-1 and CTLA-4, enhance the ability of cord blood T cells to control the outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas in the cord-blood humanized mouse model. We demonstrate that EBV-infected lymphoma cells in this model express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for the PD-1 receptor, and that T cells express the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors. Furthermore, we show that the combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade strikingly reduces the size of lymphomas induced by a lytic EBV strain (M81) in this model, and that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells. PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade markedly increases EBV-specific T cell responses, and is associated with enhanced tumor infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade decreases the number of both latently, and lytically, EBV-infected B cells. These results indicate that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade enhances the ability of cord blood T cells to control outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas, and suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-induced diseases in humans. EBV is a human herpesvirus that remains in the host for life, but is normally well controlled by the host immune response. Nevertheless, EBV causes lymphomas in certain individuals, particularly when T cell function is impaired. Antibodies against two different inhibitory receptors on T cells, PD-1 and CTLA-4, have been recently shown to improve T cell cytotoxic function against a subset of non-virally associated tumors. Here we have used an EBV-infected cord blood-humanized mouse model to show that EBV-infected lymphomas express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for PD-1. Importantly, we find that the combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade decreases the growth of EBV-induced lymphomas in this model, and demonstrate that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells and enhances their responses to EBV. Our results suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-associated diseases in humans.
Collapse
|
138
|
Ivashko IN, Kolesar JM. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab: PD-1 inhibitors for advanced melanoma. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73:193-201. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, and Director, 3P Analytical Laboratory, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Nocentini G, Cari L, Ronchetti S, Riccardi C. Modulation of tumor immunity: a patent evaluation of WO2015026684A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:417-25. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1118061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
140
|
Gatti L, Cassinelli G, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C, Perego P. New mechanisms for old drugs: Insights into DNA-unrelated effects of platinum compounds and drug resistance determinants. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:1-11. [PMID: 26003720 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum drugs have been widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors. Although DNA has been recognized as the primary cellular target for these agents, there are unresolved issues concerning their effects and the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor efficacy. These cytotoxic agents interact with sub-cellular compartments other than the nucleus. Here, we review how such emerging phenomena contribute to the pharmacologic activity as well as to drug resistance phenotypes. DNA-unrelated effects of platinum drugs involve alterations at the plasma membrane and in endo-lysosomal compartments. A direct interaction with the mitochondria also appears to be implicated in drug-induced cell death. Moreover, the pioneering work of a few groups has shown that platinum drugs can act on the tumor microenvironment as well, and potentiate antitumor activity of the immune system. These poorly understood aspects of platinum drug activity sites may be harnessed to enhance their antitumor efficacy. A complete understanding of DNA-unrelated effects of platinum compounds might reveal new aspects of drug resistance allowing the implementation of the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of platinum compound-based regimens and minimization of their toxic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Linch SN, McNamara MJ, Redmond WL. OX40 Agonists and Combination Immunotherapy: Putting the Pedal to the Metal. Front Oncol 2015; 5:34. [PMID: 25763356 PMCID: PMC4329814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy, a class of cancer treatments that utilize the patient’s own immune system to destroy cancerous cells. Within a tumor the presence of a family of negative regulatory molecules, collectively known as “checkpoint inhibitors,” can inhibit T cell function to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, attenuate T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Targeted blockade of CTLA-4 or PD-1 with antagonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) releases the “brakes” on T cells to boost anti-tumor immunity. Generating optimal “killer” CD8 T cell responses also requires T cell receptor activation plus co-stimulation, which can be provided through ligation of tumor necrosis factor receptor family members, including OX40 (CD134) and 4-1BB (CD137). OX40 is of particular interest as treatment with an activating (agonist) anti-OX40 mAb augments T cell differentiation and cytolytic function leading to enhanced anti-tumor immunity against a variety of tumors. When used as single agents, these drugs can induce potent clinical and immunologic responses in patients with metastatic disease. However, each of these agents only benefits a subset of patients, highlighting the critical need for more effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which OX40 agonists synergize with checkpoint inhibitor blockade to augment T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and the potential opportunities for clinical translation of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N Linch
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Michael J McNamara
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA
| | - William L Redmond
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
O'Sullivan D, Pearce EL. Targeting T cell metabolism for therapy. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:71-80. [PMID: 25601541 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past several years a wealth of evidence has emerged illustrating how metabolism supports many aspects of T cell biology, as well as how metabolic changes drive T cell differentiation and fate. We outline developing principles in the regulation of T cell metabolism, and discuss how these processes are affected in settings of inflammation and cancer. In this context we discuss how metabolic pathways might be manipulated for the treatment of human disease, including how metabolism may be targeted to prevent T cell dysfunction in inhospitable microenvironments, to generate more effective adoptive cellular immunotherapies in cancer, and to direct T cell differentiation and function towards non-pathogenic phenotypes in settings of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|