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De Koster J, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Short communication: Effects of body fat mobilization on macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of early lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7608-7613. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Singh SP, Huck O, Abraham NG, Amar S. Kavain Reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Adipocyte Inflammation: Role of PGC-1α Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1491-1499. [PMID: 30037847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A link between obesity and periodontitis has been suggested because of compromised immune response and chronic inflammation in obese patients. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of Kavain, an extract from Piper methysticum, on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation in adipocytes with special focus on peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) and related pathways. The 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes and primary adipocytes harvested from mouse adipose tissue were infected with P. gingivalis, and inflammation (TNF-α; adiponectin/adipokines), oxidative stress, and adipogenic marker (FAS, CEBPα, and PPAR-γ) expression were measured. Furthermore, effect of PGC-1α knockdown on Kavain action was evaluated. Results showed that P. gingivalis worsens adipocyte dysfunction through increase of TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS and decrease of PGC-1α and adiponectin. Interestingly, although Kavain obliterated P. gingivalis-induced proinflammatory effects in wild-type cells, Kavain did not affect PGC-1α-deficient cells, strongly advocating for Kavain effects being mediated by PGC-1α. In vivo adipocytes challenged with i.p. injection of P. gingivalis alone or P. gingivalis and Kavain displayed the same phenotype as in vitro adipocytes. Altogether, our findings established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Kavain on adipocytes and emphasized protective action against P. gingivalis-induced adipogenesis. The use of compounds such as Kavain offer a portal to potential therapeutic approaches to counter chronic inflammation in obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM, UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (Fédération de Médicine Translationalle de Strasbourg), 67000 Strasbourg, France; and.,Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595;
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Source and amount of carbohydrate in the diet and inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:291-301. [PMID: 30033891 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High carbohydrate intake and low-grade inflammation cooperate with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism to constitute an interactive continuum acting on the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterised by oligo-anovulatory infertility and cardiometabolic disorders. The role of insulin in PCOS is pivotal both in regulating the activity of ovarian and liver enzymes, respectively involved in androgen production and in triggering low-grade inflammation usually reported to be associated with an insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and cardiometabolic diseases. Although an acute hyperglycaemia induced by oral glucose loading may increase inflammation and oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species through different mechanisms, the postprandial glucose increment, commonly associated with the Western diet, represents the major contributor of chronic sustained hyperglycaemia and pro-inflammatory state. Together with hyperinsulinaemia, hyperandrogenism and low-grade inflammation, unhealthy diet should be viewed as a key component of the 'deadly quartet' of metabolic risk factors associated with PCOS pathophysiology. The identification of a tight diet-inflammation-health association makes the adoption of healthy nutritional approaches a primary preventive and therapeutic tool in women with PCOS, weakening insulin resistance and eventually promoting improvements of reproductive life and endocrine outcomes. The intriguing nutritional-endocrine connections operating in PCOS underline the role of expert nutritionists in the management of this syndrome. The aim of the present review is to provide an at-a-glance overview of the possible bi-directional mechanisms linking inflammation, androgen excess and carbohydrate intake in women with PCOS.
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Targeting Macrophages as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention: Impact on Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071953. [PMID: 29973487 PMCID: PMC6073303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, cells belonging to the innate immune system, present a high plasticity grade, being able to change their phenotype in response to environmental stimuli. They play central roles during development, homeostatic tissue processes, tissue repair, and immunity. Furthermore, it is recognized that macrophages are involved in chronic inflammation and that they play central roles in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Due to their large involvement in the pathogenesis of several types of human diseases, macrophages are considered to be relevant therapeutic targets. Nanotechnology-based systems have attracted a lot of attention in this field, gaining a pivotal role as useful moieties to target macrophages in diseased tissues. Among the different approaches that can target macrophages, the most radical is represented by their depletion, commonly obtained by means of clodronate-containing liposomal formulations and/or depleting antibodies. These strategies have produced encouraging results in experimental mouse models. In this review, we focus on macrophage targeting, based on the results so far obtained in preclinical models of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Pros and cons of these therapeutic interventions will be highlighted.
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Microenvironment of Immune Cells Within the Visceral Adipose Tissue Sensu Lato vs. Epicardial Adipose Tissue: What Do We Know? Inflammation 2018; 41:1142-1156. [PMID: 29846855 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The chronic low-grade inflammation of the visceral adipose tissue is now fully established as one of the main contributors to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, subsequently leading to metabolic syndrome and other associated cardiometabolic pathologies. The orchestration of immune response and the "ratio of responsibility" of different immune cell populations have been studied extensively over the last few years within the visceral adipose tissue in general sense (sensu lato). However, it is essential to clearly distinguish different types of visceral fat distribution. Visceral adipose tissue is not only the classical omental or epididymal depot, but includes also specific type of fat in the close vicinity to the myocardium-the epicardial adipose tissue. Disruption of this type of fat during obesity was found to have a unique and direct influence over the cardiovascular disease development. Therefore, epicardial adipose tissue and other types of visceral adipose tissue depots should be studied separately. The purpose of this review is to explore the present knowledge about the morphology and dynamics of individual populations of immune cells within the visceral adipose tissue sensu lato in comparison to the knowledge regarding the epicardial adipose tissue specifically.
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Wu SQ, Xu R, Li XF, Zhao XK, Qian BZ. Prognostic roles of tumor associated macrophages in bladder cancer: a system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25294-25303. [PMID: 29861872 PMCID: PMC5982745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) have multifaceted roles in the development of many tumor types. However, the prognostic value of TAMs in bladder cancer is still not conclusive. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This review evaluated the prognostic value of TAMs density in bladder cancer by reviewing published literatures and integrating the results via a meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies. Overall survival (OS), relapse free survival (RFS), disease specific survival (DSS), and progression free survival (PFS) were assessed in bladder cancer patients. RESULTS The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) indicated that TAMs identified with CD68 alone have no significant correlation with OS (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.02), RFS (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.91-1.06), or PFS (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.70-1.68) in bladder cancer patients. Subgroup analyses involved with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) treatment or sample locations either showed that CD68+ TAMs presented no prognostic value with regard to OS in bladder cancer patients. However, TAMs detected by CD163 are significantly correlated with poor RFS in bladder cancer patients (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.16-1.92). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that TAMs identified only with CD68 have no significant correlation with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters of bladder cancer patients. However, TAMs detected with CD163 could serve as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer patients. These findings invite further research on the role of TAM subsets in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Qing Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Kitamura H, Saito N, Fujimoto J, Nakashima KI, Fujikura D. Brazilian propolis ethanol extract and its component kaempferol induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells from macrophages of mice in vivo and in vitro. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29720160 PMCID: PMC5930496 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Brazilian green propolis is produced by mixing secretions from Africanized honey bees with exudate, mainly from Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brazilian propolis is especially rich in flavonoids and cinammic acid derivatives, and it has been widely used in folk medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, tumoricidal, and analgesic effects. Moreover, it is applied to prevent metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Previously, we demonstrated that propolis ethanol extract ameliorated type 2 diabetes in a mouse model through the resolution of adipose tissue inflammation. The aims of this study were to identify the immunosuppressive cells directly elicited by propolis extract and to evaluate the flavonoids that induce such cells. Methods Ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis (PEE; 100 mg/kg i.p., twice a week) was injected into lean or high fat-fed obese C57BL/6 mice or C57BL/6 ob/ob mice for one month. Subsequently, immune cells in visceral adipose tissue and the peritoneal cavity were monitored using FACS analysis. Isolated macrophages and the macrophage-like cell line J774.1 were treated with PEE and its constituent components, and the expression of immune suppressive myeloid markers were evaluated. Finally, we injected one of the identified compounds, kaempferol, into C57BL/6 mice and performed FACS analysis on the adipose tissue. Results Intraperitoneal treatment of PEE induces CD11b+, Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in visceral adipose tissue and the peritoneal cavity of lean and obese mice. PEE directly stimulates cultured M1 macrophages to transdifferentiate into MDSCs. Among twelve compounds isolated from PEE, kaempferol has an exclusive effect on MDSCs induction in vitro. Accordingly, intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol causes accumulation of MDSCs in the visceral adipose tissue of mice. Conclusion Brazilian PEE and its compound kaempferol strongly induce MDSCs in visceral adipose tissue at a relatively early phase of inflammation. Given the strong anti-inflammatory action of MDSCs, the induction of MDSCs by PEE and kaempferol is expected to be useful for anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory therapies. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2198-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Li T, Liu ZL, Xiao M, Yang ZZ, Peng MZ, Li CD, Zhou XJ, Wang JW. Impact of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation on the osteogenic effects of laponite. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:100. [PMID: 29642953 PMCID: PMC5896058 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of osteoimmunology and bone tissue engineering (BTE), it has been recognized that the immunomodulatory properties of bone biomaterials have considerable impact in determining their fate after implantation. In this regard, the polarization of macrophages secondary to biomaterials is postulated to play a crucial role in modulating their osteogenesis; thus, strategies that may facilitate this process engender increasing levels of attention. Whereas a variety of reports highlight the immunomodulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in cell therapy or their osteogenesis in BTE, few have focused on the effect of BMSCs in promoting osteogenesis in BTE through regulating the phenotype of macrophages. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to clarify the immunomodulatory properties of agents such as laponite (Lap), which is comprised of bioactive silicate nanoplatelets with excellent osteogenesis-inducing potential, to enhance their use in BTE. METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Lap alone, as well as following the introduction of BMSCs into Lap, to determine whether BMSCs could modulate its immunomodulatory properties and promote osteogenesis. RESULTS It was found that the BMSCs reversed the polarization of murine-derived macrophage RAW 264.7 cells from M1 as induced by pure Lap to M2 and promoted osteogenesis. In vivo study confirmed that BMSCs combined with Lap initiated a less severe immune response and had an improved effect on bone regeneration compared with Lap alone, which corresponded with the in vitro evaluation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BMSCs could ameliorate the inflammation induced by Lap and enhance its bone formation. The immunomodulatory characteristics of BMSCs suggest that these might be tailored as a new strategy to promote the osteogenic capacity of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Long Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Zheng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Di Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
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Peterson KR, Cottam MA, Kennedy AJ, Hasty AH. Macrophage-Targeted Therapeutics for Metabolic Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:536-546. [PMID: 29628274 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that are resident in all tissues, including metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue (AT). Because of their phenotypic flexibility, they play beneficial roles in tissue homeostasis, but they also contribute to the progression of metabolic disease. Thus, they are ideal therapeutic targets for diseases such as insulin resistance (IR), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis. Recently, discoveries in the area of drug delivery have facilitated phenotype-specific targeting of macrophages. In this review we discuss advances in potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases via macrophage-specific delivery. We highlight micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, and oligopeptide complexes, and how they can be used to alter macrophage phenotype for a more metabolically favorable tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Hu W, Lv J, Han M, Yang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Yang Y. STAT3: The art of multi-tasking of metabolic and immune functions in obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Eibl G, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Korc M, Petrov MS, Goodarzi MO, Fisher WE, Habtezion A, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Hart PA, Andersen DK. Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:555-567. [PMID: 28919082 PMCID: PMC5845842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest types of cancer. The worldwide estimates of its incidence and mortality in the general population are eight cases per 100,000 person-years and seven deaths per 100,000 person-years, and they are significantly higher in the United States than in the rest of the world. The incidence of this disease in the United States is more than 50,000 new cases in 2017. Indeed, total deaths due to PDAC are projected to increase dramatically to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths before 2030. Considering the failure to date to efficiently treat existing PDAC, increased effort should be undertaken to prevent this disease. A better understanding of the risk factors leading to PDAC development is of utmost importance to identify and formulate preventive strategies. Large epidemiologic and cohort studies have identified risk factors for the development of PDAC, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review highlights the current knowledge of obesity and type 2 diabetes as risk factors for PDAC development and progression, their interplay and underlying mechanisms, and the relation to diet. Research gaps and opportunities to address this deadly disease are also outlined.
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112
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Effect of a physical activity intervention on suPAR levels: A randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:286-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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113
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Song Z, Revelo X, Shao W, Tian L, Zeng K, Lei H, Sun HS, Woo M, Winer D, Jin T. Dietary Curcumin Intervention Targets Mouse White Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Brown Adipose Tissue UCP1 Expression. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:547-558. [PMID: 29405636 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether dietary curcumin intervention targets both white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated energy expenditure. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus curcumin. In addition to assessing the effect of curcumin intervention on metabolic profiles, this study assessed WAT macrophage infiltration and composition and inflammatory cytokine production. Metabolic cages were applied for determining energy expenditure. Raw264.7 (ATCC, Manassas, Virginia) and other cell models were utilized to test the in vitro effect of curcumin treatment. RESULTS Curcumin intervention reduced WAT macrophage infiltration and altered macrophage functional polarity, as the ratio of M2-like versus M1-like macrophages increased after curcumin intervention. Curcumin treatment reduced M1-like macrophage markers or proinflammation cytokine expression in both macrophages and adipocytes. Curcumin intervention also increased energy expenditure and body temperature in response to a cold challenge. Finally, the in vivo and in vitro investigations suggested that curcumin increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), possibly involving PPAR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin intervention targets both WAT inflammation and BAT UCP1 expression. These observations advanced our knowledge on the metabolic beneficial effects of the curry compound curcumin, bringing us a novel perspective on dietary polyphenol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Song
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xavier Revelo
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kejing Zeng
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helena Lei
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Winer
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ivanov S, Merlin J, Lee MKS, Murphy AJ, Guinamard RR. Biology and function of adipose tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. Atherosclerosis 2018; 271:102-110. [PMID: 29482037 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity and its socio-economical impact is a global health issue due to its associated co-morbidities, namely diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1-5]. Obesity is characterized by an increase in adipose tissue, which promotes the recruitment of immune cells resulting in low-grade inflammation and dysfunctional metabolism. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the adipose tissue of mice and humans. The adipose tissue also contains other myeloid cells (dendritic cells (DC) and neutrophils) and to a lesser extent lymphocyte populations, including T cells, B cells, Natural Killer (NK) and Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. While the majority of studies have linked adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) to the development of low-grade inflammation and co-morbidities associated with obesity, emerging evidence suggests for a role of other immune cells within the adipose tissue that may act in part by supporting macrophage homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the functions ATMs, DCs and B cells possess during steady-state and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Ivanov
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.
| | - Johanna Merlin
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Man Kit Sam Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodolphe R Guinamard
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.
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Duffen J, Zhang M, Masek-Hammerman K, Nunez A, Brennan A, Jones JEC, Morin J, Nocka K, Kasaian M. Modulation of the IL-33/IL-13 Axis in Obesity by IL-13Rα2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1347-1359. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In obesity, IL-13 overcomes insulin resistance by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation in adipose tissue. Endogenous IL-13 levels can be modulated by the IL-13 decoy receptor, IL-13Rα2, which inactivates and depletes the cytokine. In this study, we show that IL-13Rα2 is markedly elevated in adipose tissues of obese mice. Mice deficient in IL-13Rα2 had high expression of IL-13 response markers in adipose tissue, consistent with increased IL-13 activity at baseline. Moreover, exposure to the type 2 cytokine-inducing alarmin, IL-33, enhanced serum and tissue IL-13 concentrations and elevated tissue eosinophils, macrophages, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. IL-33 also reduced body weight, fat mass, and fasting blood glucose levels. Strikingly, however, the IL-33–induced protection was greater in IL-13Rα2–deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates, and these changes were largely attenuated in mice lacking IL-13. Although IL-33 administration improved the metabolic profile in the context of a high fat diet, it also resulted in diarrhea and perianal irritation, which was enhanced in the IL-13Rα2–deficient mice. Weight loss in this group was associated with reduced food intake, which was likely related to the gastrointestinal effects. These findings outline both potentially advantageous and deleterious effects of a type 2–skewed immune response under conditions of metabolic stress, and identify IL-13Rα2 as a critical checkpoint in adipose tissues that limits the protective effects of the IL-33/IL-13 axis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Duffen
- *Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Melvin Zhang
- *Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Angela Nunez
- ‡Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, MA 01810; and
| | - Agnes Brennan
- *Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Jeffrey Morin
- ‡Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, MA 01810; and
| | - Karl Nocka
- *Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Marion Kasaian
- *Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
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116
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He W, Yuan T, Choezom D, Hunkler H, Annamalai K, Lupse B, Maedler K. Ageing potentiates diet-induced glucose intolerance, β-cell failure and tissue inflammation through TLR4. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2767. [PMID: 29426925 PMCID: PMC5807311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and obesity are two major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A chronic, low-grade, sterile inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and β-cell failure. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a major pro-inflammatory pathway; its ligands as well as downstream signals are increased systemically in patients with T2D and at-risk individuals. In the present study we investigated the combined effects of high fat/high sucrose diet (HFD) feeding, ageing and TLR4-deficiency on tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and β-cell failure. In young mice, a short-term HFD resulted in a mildly impaired glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion, together with a β-cell mass compensation. In older mice, HFD further deteriorated insulin secretion and induced a significantly impaired glucose tolerance and augmented tissue inflammation in adipose, liver and pancreatic islets, all of which was attenuated by TLR4 deficiency. Our results show that ageing exacerbates HFD-induced impairment of glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function and survival, and deteriorates HFD-induced induction of mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory macrophage markers. TLR4-deficiency protects against these combined deleterious effects of a high fat diet and ageing through a reduced expression of inflammatory products in both insulin sensitive tissues and pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Ting Yuan
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dolma Choezom
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hannah Hunkler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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117
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Orr JS, Kennedy AJ, Hill AA, Anderson-Baucum EK, Hubler MJ, Hasty AH. CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) deficiency alters adipose tissue leukocyte populations in mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 4:4/18/e12971. [PMID: 27655794 PMCID: PMC5037919 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which macrophages and other immune cells accumulate in adipose tissue (AT) has been an area of intense investigation over the past decade. Several different chemokines and their cognate receptors have been studied for their role as chemoattractants in promoting recruitment of immune cells to AT. However, it is also possible that chemoattractants known to promote clearance of immune cells from tissues to regional lymph nodes might be a critical component to overall AT immune homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated whether CCR7 influences AT macrophage (ATM) or T‐cell (ATT) accumulation. CCR7−/− and littermate wild‐type (WT) mice were placed on low‐fat diet (LFD) or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. CCR7 deficiency did not impact HFD‐induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis, or glucose intolerance. Although lean CCR7−/− mice had an increased proportion of alternatively activated ATMs, there were no differences in ATM accumulation or polarization between HFD‐fed CCR7−/− mice and their WT counterparts. However, CCR7 deficiency did lead to the preferential accumulation of CD8+ATT cells, which was further exacerbated by HFD feeding. Finally, expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as Tnf, Il6, Il1β, Ccl2, and Ccl3, was equally elevated in AT by HFD feeding in CCR7−/− and WT mice, while Ifng and Il18 were elevated by HFD feeding in CCR7−/− but not in WT mice. Together, these data suggest that CCR7 plays a role in CD8+ATT cell egress, but does not influence ATM accumulation or the metabolic impact of diet‐induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeb S Orr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrea A Hill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily K Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Merla J Hubler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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118
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Crescenzi R, Marton A, Donahue PM, Mahany HB, Lants SK, Wang P, Beckman JA, Donahue MJ, Titze J. Tissue Sodium Content is Elevated in the Skin and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Women with Lipedema. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:310-317. [PMID: 29280322 PMCID: PMC5783748 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that tissue sodium and adipose content are elevated in patients with lipedema; if confirmed, this could establish precedence for tissue sodium and adipose content representing a discriminatory biomarker for lipedema. METHODS Participants with lipedema (n = 10) and control (n = 11) volunteers matched for biological sex, age, BMI, and calf circumference were scanned with 3.0-T sodium and conventional proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Standardized tissue sodium content was quantified in the calf skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and muscle. Dixon MRI was employed to quantify tissue fat and water volumes of the calf. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied to compare regional sodium content and fat-to-water volume between groups (significance: two-sided P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Skin (P = 0.01) and SAT (P = 0.04) sodium content were elevated in lipedema (skin: 14.9 ± 2.9 mmol/L; SAT: 11.9 ± 3.1 mmol/L) relative to control participants (skin: 11.9 ± 2.0 mmol/L; SAT: 9.4 ± 1.6 mmol/L). Relative fat-to-water volume in the calf was elevated in lipedema (1.2 ± 0.48 ratio) relative to control participants (0.63 ± 0.26 ratio; P < 0.001). Skin sodium content was directly correlated with fat-to-water volume (Spearman's rho = 0.54; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Internal metrics of tissue sodium and adipose content are elevated in patients with lipedema, potentially providing objective imaging-based biomarkers for differentially diagnosing the under-recognized condition of lipedema from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Crescenzi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author: Rachelle Crescenzi, PhD, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, 1161 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,
| | - Adriana Marton
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paula M.C. Donahue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Helen B. Mahany
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah K. Lants
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua A. Beckman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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119
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Yang J, Hagen J, Guntur KV, Allette K, Schuyler S, Ranjan J, Petralia F, Gesta S, Sebra R, Mahajan M, Zhang B, Zhu J, Houten S, Kasarskis A, Vishnudas VK, Akmaev VR, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Schadt EE, Argmann CA, Tu Z. A next generation sequencing based approach to identify extracellular vesicle mediated mRNA transfers between cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:987. [PMID: 29273013 PMCID: PMC5741891 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an important mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. However, previous studies either did not fully resolve what genetic materials were shuttled by exosomes or only focused on a specific set of miRNAs and mRNAs. A more systematic method is required to identify the genetic materials that are potentially transferred during cell-to-cell communication through EVs in an unbiased manner. Results In this work, we present a novel next generation of sequencing (NGS) based approach to identify EV mediated mRNA exchanges between co-cultured adipocyte and macrophage cells. We performed molecular and genomic profiling and jointly considered data from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genotyping to track the “sequence varying mRNAs” transferred between cells. We identified 8 mRNAs being transferred from macrophages to adipocytes and 21 mRNAs being transferred in the opposite direction. These mRNAs represented biological functions including extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, glycoprotein, and signal peptides. Conclusions Our study sheds new light on EV mediated RNA communications between adipocyte and macrophage cells, which may play a significant role in developing insulin resistance in diabetic patients. This work establishes a new method that is applicable to examining genetic material exchanges in many cellular systems and has the potential to be extended to in vivo studies as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4359-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Yang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Kimaada Allette
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Schuyler
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Francesca Petralia
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Robert Sebra
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Milind Mahajan
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sander Houten
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric E Schadt
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Lee S, Norheim F, Gulseth HL, Langleite TM, Kolnes KJ, Tangen DS, Stadheim HK, Gilfillan GD, Holen T, Birkeland KI, Jensen J, Drevon CA. Interaction between plasma fetuin-A and free fatty acids predicts changes in insulin sensitivity in response to long-term exercise. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/5/e13183. [PMID: 28270597 PMCID: PMC5350184 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatokine fetuin‐A can together with free fatty acids (FFAs) enhance adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance via toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Although some of the health benefits of exercise can be explained by altered release of myokines from the skeletal muscle, it is not well documented if some of the beneficial effects of exercise can be explained by altered secretion of hepatokines. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of interaction between fetuin‐A and FFAs on insulin sensitivity after physical exercise. In this study, 26 sedentary men who underwent 12 weeks of combined endurance and strength exercise were included. Insulin sensitivity was measured using euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp, and AT insulin resistance was indicated by the product of fasting plasma concentration of FFAs and insulin. Blood samples and biopsies from skeletal muscle and subcutaneous AT were collected. Several phenotypic markers were measured, and mRNA sequencing was performed on the biopsies. AT macrophages were analyzed based on mRNA markers. The intervention improved hepatic parameters, reduced plasma fetuin‐A concentration (~11%, P < 0.01), slightly changed FFAs concentration, and improved glucose infusion rate (GIR) (~33%, P < 0.01) across all participants. The change in circulating fetuin‐A and FFAs interacted to predict some of the change in GIR (β = −42.16, P = 0.030), AT insulin resistance (β = 0.579, P = 0.003), gene expression related to TLR‐signaling in AT and AT macrophage mRNA (β = 94.10, P = 0.034) after exercise. We observed no interaction effects between FFAs concentrations and leptin and adiponectin on insulin sensitivity, or any interaction effects between Fetuin‐A and FFAs concentrations on skeletal muscle TLR‐signaling. The relationship between FFAs levels and insulin sensitivity seemed to be specific for fetuin‐A and the AT. Some of the beneficial effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity may be explained by changes in circulating fetuin‐A and FFAs, promoting less TLR4 signaling in AT perhaps by modulating AT macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristoffer J Kolnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel S Tangen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans K Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregor D Gilfillan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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121
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Peterson KR, Flaherty DK, Hasty AH. Obesity Alters B Cell and Macrophage Populations in Brown Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1881-1884. [PMID: 28922564 PMCID: PMC5679082 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and it is understood that regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) function is important to systemic metabolic homeostasis. Immune cells play a central role in the maintenance of WAT, and their compositions change in number and inflammatory phenotype with the progression of obesity. Because of its energy-burning capabilities, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a focus of obesity research. Although novel studies have focused on the function of brown adipocytes in thermogenesis, the tissue as a whole has not been immunologically characterized. METHODS BAT immune cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in mice with diet-induced obesity (3, 8, or 16 weeks of diet) and in aged mice (1, 6-7, and 10-15 months). RESULTS The data confirmed the presence of macrophages and eosinophils, as previously reported, and showed that 20% to 30% of the immune cells in BAT were B cells. The number of B cells and eosinophils increased with diet-induced obesity, whereas macrophages decreased. There was no change in number of any immune cell quantified with age. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal a novel finding of B220 + B cells in BAT and show that BAT immune cell populations change in response to diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David K. Flaherty
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Alyssa H. Hasty, PhD, Room 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, Phone: 615-322-5177, Fax: 615-322-8973,
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Lee S, Norheim F, Langleite TM, Noreng HJ, Storås TH, Afman LA, Frost G, Bell JD, Thomas EL, Kolnes KJ, Tangen DS, Stadheim HK, Gilfillan GD, Gulseth HL, Birkeland KI, Jensen J, Drevon CA, Holen T. Effect of energy restriction and physical exercise intervention on phenotypic flexibility as examined by transcriptomics analyses of mRNA from adipose tissue and whole body magnetic resonance imaging. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/21/e13019. [PMID: 27821717 PMCID: PMC5112497 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity lead to changes in adipose tissue such as inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to assess how altered energy balance by reduced food intake or enhanced physical activity affect these processes. We studied sedentary subjects with overweight/obesity in two intervention studies, each lasting 12 weeks affecting energy balance either by energy restriction (~20% reduced intake of energy from food) in one group, or by enhanced energy expenditure due to physical exercise (combined endurance‐ and strength‐training) in the other group. We monitored mRNA expression by microarray and mRNA sequencing from adipose tissue biopsies. We also measured several plasma parameters as well as fat distribution with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Comparison of microarray and mRNA sequencing showed strong correlations, which were also confirmed using RT‐PCR. In the energy restricted subjects (body weight reduced by 5% during a 12 weeks intervention), there were clear signs of enhanced lipolysis as monitored by mRNA in adipose tissue as well as plasma concentration of free‐fatty acids. This increase was strongly related to increased expression of markers for M1‐like macrophages in adipose tissue. In the exercising subjects (glucose infusion rate increased by 29% during a 12‐week intervention), there was a marked reduction in the expression of markers of M2‐like macrophages and T cells, suggesting that physical exercise was especially important for reducing inflammation in adipose tissue with insignificant reduction in total body weight. Our data indicate that energy restriction and physical exercise affect energy‐related pathways as well as inflammatory processes in different ways, probably related to macrophages in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans J Noreng
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve H Storås
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dietetics, Imperial College Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Kristoffer J Kolnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel S Tangen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans K Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hotamisligil GS. Foundations of Immunometabolism and Implications for Metabolic Health and Disease. Immunity 2017; 47:406-420. [PMID: 28930657 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered interactions between immune and metabolic responses are evolutionarily conserved and paramount for tissue and organismal health. Disruption of these interactions underlies the emergence of many pathologies, particularly chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Here, we examine decades of research identifying the complex immunometabolic signaling networks and the cellular and molecular events that occur in the setting of altered nutrient and energy exposures and offer a historical perspective. Furthermore, we describe recent advances such as the discovery that a broad complement of immune cells play a role in immunometabolism and the emerging evidence that nutrients and metabolites modulate inflammatory pathways. Lastly, we discuss how this work may eventually lead to tangible therapeutic advancements to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li S, Xu F, Zhang J, Wang L, Zheng Y, Wu X, Wang J, Huang Q, Lai M. Tumor-associated macrophages remodeling EMT and predicting survival in colorectal carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1380765. [PMID: 29416940 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1380765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune contexture, a composition of the tumor microenvironment, plays multiple important roles in cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and hence critically influences tumor initiation, progression and patient outcome. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in immune contexture, however their roles in CSC, EMT and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been elucidated. In 419 colorectal carcinomas, immune cell types (CD68+ macrophages, CD3+, CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes), EMT markers (E-cadherin and Snail) as well as the stem cell marker (CD44v6) were detected in tumor center (TC) and tumor invasive front (TF) respectively by immunohistochemistry. Tumor buds, that represent EMT phenotype, were also counted. It was found CD68+ macrophages were the most infiltrating immune cells in CRC. By correlation analysis, more CD68+TF macrophages were associated with more CD44v6 expression (p < 0.001), lower SnailTF expression (p = 0.08) and fewer tumor buds (p < 0.001). More CD68+TF macrophages were significantly related to more CD3+TF T lymphocytes (p = 0.002), CD8+TF T lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and CD20+TF B lymphocytes counts (p = 0.004). Strong CD68+TF macrophages infiltration also predicted long term overall survival. CRC patients with more tumor buds had worse survival. However, strong CD68+TF macrophages infiltration could reverse the unfavorable results since patients with more tumor buds but increasing CD68+TF macrophages infiltration had the favorable outcome, similar to lower tumor buds groups. This study provided direct morphological evidence that tumor-associated macrophages in the invasive front play critical roles in fighting with the unfavorable results of tumor buds, thus resulting favorable outcomes for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangying Xu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Huang Y, Qi H, Zhang Z, Wang E, Yun H, Yan H, Su X, Liu Y, Tang Z, Gao Y, Shang W, Zhou J, Wang T, Che Y, Zhang Y, Yang R. Gut REG3γ-Associated Lactobacillus Induces Anti-inflammatory Macrophages to Maintain Adipose Tissue Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1063. [PMID: 28928739 PMCID: PMC5591335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota may not only affect composition of local immune cells but also affect systemic immune cells. However, it is not completely clear how gut microbiota modulate these immune systems. Here, we found that there exist expanded macrophage pools in huREG3γtgIEC mice. REG3γ-associated Lactobacillus, which is homology to Lactobacillus Taiwanese, could enlarge macrophage pools not only in the small intestinal lamina propria but also in the spleen and adipose tissues. STAT3-mediated signal(s) was a critical factor in the Lactobacillus-mediated anti-inflammatory macrophages. We also offered evidence for critical cellular links among REG3γ-associated Lactobacillus, tissue macrophages, and obesity diseases. Anti-inflammatory macrophages in the lamina propria, which are induced by REG3γ-associated Lactobacillus, may migrate into adipose tissues and are involved in resistance against high-fat diet-mediated obesity. Thus, REG3γ-associated Lactobacillus-induced anti-inflammatory macrophages in gut tissues may play a role in adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - HouBao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Enlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zenzen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhe Che
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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126
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Wang YM, Xu HB, Wang MS, Otecko NO, Ye LQ, Wu DD, Zhang YP. Annotating long intergenic non-coding RNAs under artificial selection during chicken domestication. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:192. [PMID: 28810830 PMCID: PMC5558714 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous biological functions of long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been identified. However, the contribution of lincRNAs to the domestication process has remained elusive. Following domestication from their wild ancestors, animals display substantial changes in many phenotypic traits. Therefore, it is possible that diverse molecular drivers play important roles in this process. Results We analyzed 821 transcriptomes in this study and annotated 4754 lincRNA genes in the chicken genome. Our population genomic analysis indicates that 419 lincRNAs potentially evolved during artificial selection related to the domestication of chicken, while a comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 68 lincRNAs that were differentially expressed under different conditions. We also found 47 lincRNAs linked to special phenotypes. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive view of the genome-wide landscape of lincRNAs in chicken. This will promote a better understanding of the roles of lincRNAs in domestication, and the genetic mechanisms associated with the artificial selection of domestic animals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1036-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Newton Otieno Otecko
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling-Qun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Chen J, Li J, Yiu JHC, Lam JKW, Wong CM, Dorweiler B, Xu A, Woo CW. TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling suppresses Scd1 transcription in hepatocytes and prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/491/eaal3336. [PMID: 28790196 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of diseases that ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, the latter of which is a major predisposing factor for liver cirrhosis and cancer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which is critical for innate immunity, is generally believed to aggravate disease progression by inducing inflammation. Unexpectedly, we found that deficiency in TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), a cytosolic adaptor that transduces some TLR signals, worsened hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and that such exacerbation was independent of myeloid cells. The aggravated steatosis in Trif-/- mice was due to the increased hepatocyte transcription of the gene encoding stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase 1 (SCD1), the rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis. Activation of the TRIF pathway by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] suppressed the increase in SCD1 abundance induced by palmitic acid or an HFD and subsequently prevented lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a transcriptional regulator downstream of TRIF, acted as a transcriptional suppressor by directly binding to the Scd1 promoter. These results suggest an unconventional metabolic function for TLR/TRIF signaling that should be taken into consideration when seeking to pharmacologically inhibit this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jensen H C Yiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bernhard Dorweiler
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Connie W Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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128
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Labrecque J, Laforest S, Michaud A, Biertho L, Tchernof A. Impact of Bariatric Surgery on White Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:407-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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129
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Nakajima A, Nakatani A, Hasegawa S, Irie J, Ozawa K, Tsujimoto G, Suganami T, Itoh H, Kimura I. The short chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 regulates inflammatory signals in adipose tissue M2-type macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179696. [PMID: 28692672 PMCID: PMC5503175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of inflammatory responses within adipose tissue by various types of immune cells is closely related to tissue homeostasis and progression of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), which is activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is known to be most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue and to modulate metabolic processes. Although GPR43 is also expressed in a wide variety of immune cells, whether and how GPR43 in adipose tissue immune cells regulates the inflammatory responses and metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of GPR43 in adipose tissue macrophages by using Gpr43-deficient mice and transgenic mice with adipose-tissue-specific overexpression of GPR43. We found that GPR43 activation by SCFA resulted in induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages within adipose tissue. By contrast, this effect was not noted in inflammatory M1-type macrophages, suggesting that GPR43 plays distinct functions depending on macrophage types. Local TNF-α signaling derived from steady-state adipose tissue is associated with proper tissue remodeling as well as suppression of fat accumulation. Thus, GPR43-involving mechanism that we have identified supports maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis and increase in metabolic activity. This newly identified facet of GPR43 in macrophages may have clinical implications for immune-metabolism related episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (IK); (AN)
| | - Akiho Nakatani
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sae Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Irie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (IK); (AN)
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Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes influence both metabolism and inflammation. Obesity-induced changes to macrophages and adipocytes lead to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. This paper reviews the various functions of macrophages in lean and obese adipose tissue and how obesity alters adipose tissue macrophage phenotypes. Metabolic disease and insulin resistance shift the balance between numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of macrophages and create a feed-forward loop of increasing inflammatory macrophage activation and worsening adipocyte dysfunction. This ultimately leads to adipose tissue fibrosis and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes have therapeutic implications for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Thomas
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, H-3600, Boston, MA 02118.
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Robinson 4400, Boston, MA 02118.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity promotes a state of low-grade inflammation that exacerbates chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In transplantation, the survival of organs transplanted into obese patients is reduced compared with allografts in lean recipients. However, whether this is due to increased alloimmunity remains to be addressed conclusively. METHODS We used a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and assessed immune responses to allogeneic stimulation in vitro, allogeneic splenocyte immunization in vivo, and allogeneic heart transplantation. RESULTS Our results indicate that HFD altered the composition and phenotype of splenic antigen-presenting cells that led to their enhanced capacity to stimulate T cells. Immunization with allogeneic splenocytes in vivo resulted in increased alloreactivity, as determined by IFNγ production. Moreover, cardiac allograft rejection in HFD mice was modestly accelerated compared to aged-matched control animals fed a low-fat diet, correlating with enhanced alloreactive T cell function. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the increased alloresponse triggered by HFD-induced obesity and its negative impact on transplant outcome.
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Tariq M, Zhang J, Liang G, Ding L, He Q, Yang B. Macrophage Polarization: Anti-Cancer Strategies to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophage in Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2484-2501. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Guikai Liang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
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133
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Pirola L, Ferraz JC. Role of pro- and anti-inflammatory phenomena in the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes and obesity. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:120-128. [PMID: 28588755 PMCID: PMC5439163 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In obesity, persistent low-grade inflammation is considered as a major contributor towards the progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes while in lean subjects the immune environment is non-inflammatory. Massive adipose tissue (AT) infiltration by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and several T cell subsets as obesity develops leads to the accumulation - both in the AT and systemically - of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α, IL-17 and IL-6 which are strongly associated with the progression of the obese phenotype towards the metabolic syndrome. At the same time, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and Th subsets producing the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-5 and interferon-γ, including Th2 and T-reg cells are correlated to the maintenance of AT homeostasis in lean individuals. Here, we discuss the basic principles in the control of the interaction between the AT and infiltrating immune cells both in the lean and the obese condition with a special emphasis on the contribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to the establishment of the insulin-resistant state. In this context, we will discuss the current knowledge about alterations in the levels on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in humans and animal models. Finally, we also briefly survey the recent novel therapeutic strategies that attempt to alleviate or reverse insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via the administration of recombinant inhibitory antibodies directed towards some pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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134
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M2 macrophage is the predominant phenotype in airways inflammatory lesions in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:100. [PMID: 28521792 PMCID: PMC5437644 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages may present two distinct phenotypes indicated as M1 and M2 under different stimuli. M1 and M2 macrophages have divergent functions that range from enhancement of inflammation for M1 to tissue repair and remodeling for M2 macrophages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes in biopsies from the airways of patients with active granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and to analyze their associations with T and B cells in those biopsies, and with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, disease parameters and therapy. Methods Consecutive GPA patients (n = 35) with active airway disease, who underwent respiratory tract biopsy were included. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed to assess the distribution of macrophages and T and B cells using the markers CD68, CD3 and CD20, respectively. CD86 was used as the M1 marker and CD163 as the M2 marker while Tbet and GATA-3 were used as Th1 and Th2 markers, respectively. At the time of the biopsy patients were assessed for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and treatment. Results Percentages of macrophages and T cells were significantly higher than those of B cells in lesional tissue from the respiratory tract in GPA. M2 macrophages and Th2 cells were more frequent than M1 macrophages (p = 0.0007) and Th1 cells (p < 0.0001), respectively. Percentages of T cells were higher in nose biopsies than in biopsies from other sites (p = 0.021); macrophages and CD163+ macrophages were more predominant in biopsy sites other than the nose (p = 0.039 and p = 0.012, respectively). Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was associated with higher T cell scores (p = 0.014). The frequency of macrophages, especially M2 macrophages, was higher in GPA patients treated with immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.010); daily prednisolone dose was positively correlated with all macrophage markers. However, in multivariate analysis no independent associations were found between disease parameters and therapy with macrophage markers or T cells. Conclusion In GPA, M2 is the predominant macrophage phenotype in the respiratory tract. Although some associations were observed between macrophages and T cells with therapy and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, they were not independently significant in multivariate analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1310-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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135
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CYP2J2 and Its Metabolites EETs Attenuate Insulin Resistance via Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46743. [PMID: 28440284 PMCID: PMC5404269 DOI: 10.1038/srep46743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages in adipose tissue are associated with obesity-induced low-grade inflammation, which contributed to insulin resistance and the related metabolic diseases. Previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) on metabolic disorders and inflammation. Here we investigated the effects of CYP2J2-EETs-sEH metabolic pathway on insulin resistance in mice and the potential mechanisms. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity caused metabolic dysfunction with more weight gain, elevated glucose and lipids levels, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, while increase in EETs level by rAAV-mediated CYP2J2 overexpression, administration of sEH inhibit TUPS or EETs infusion significantly attenuated these metabolic disorders. EETs inhibited macrophages recruitment to adipose tissue and their switch to classically activated macrophage (M1) phenotype, while preserved the alternatively activated macrophage (M2) phenotype, which was accompanied by substantially reduced adipose tissue and systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. In vitro studies further clarified the effects of EETs on macrophage infiltration and polarization, and microarray assays showed that cAMP-EPAC signaling pathway was involved in these processes. Collectively, these results described key beneficial immune-regulatory properties and metabolic regulation of CYP2J2-EETs-sEH metabolic pathway, and indicated therapeutic potential of EETs in obesity-induced insulin resistance and related inflammatory diseases through modulating macrophage polarization targeting cAMP-EPAC signaling pathway.
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Insua A, Monje A, Wang HL, Miron RJ. Basis of bone metabolism around dental implants during osseointegration and peri-implant bone loss. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2075-2089. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Insua
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; The University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; The University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; The University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Richard J. Miron
- Department of Periodontology; Nova Southeastern University; Fort Lauderdale Florida
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Role of A 1 and A 2A adenosine receptor agonists in adipose tissue inflammation induced by obesity in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:154-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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138
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Sica A, Strauss L. Energy metabolism drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation and functions in pathology. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:325-334. [PMID: 28223316 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr1116-476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with major regulatory functions has been described in cancer and other pathologic conditions and ultimately defined as MDSCs. Most of the early work on the origins and functions of MDSCs has been in murine and human tumor bearers in which MDSCs are known to be immunosuppressive and to result in both reduced immune surveillance and antitumor cytotoxicity. More recent studies, however, suggest that expansion of these immature myeloid cells may be linked to most, if not all, chronic and acute inflammatory processes. The universal expansion to inflammatory stimuli of MDSCs suggests that these cells may be more of a normal component of the inflammatory response (emergency myelopoiesis) than simply a pathologic response to a growing tumor. Instead of an adverse immunosuppressive response, expansion of these immature myeloid cell populations may result from a complex balance between increased immune surveillance and dampened adaptive immune responses that are common to many inflammatory responses. Within this scenario, new pathways of metabolic reprogramming are emerging as drivers of MDSC differentiation and functions in cancer and inflammatory disorders, crucially linking metabolic syndrome to inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy; .,Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Miao X, Leng X, Zhang Q. The Current State of Nanoparticle-Induced Macrophage Polarization and Reprogramming Research. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E336. [PMID: 28178185 PMCID: PMC5343871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are vital regulators of the host defense in organisms. In response to different local microenvironments, resting macrophages (M0) can be polarized into different phenotypes, pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2), and perform different roles in different physiological or pathological conditions. Polarized macrophages can also be further reprogrammed by reversing their phenotype according to the changed milieu. Macrophage polarization and reprogramming play essential roles in maintaining the steady state of the immune system and are involved in the processes of many diseases. As foreign substances, nanoparticles (NPs) mainly target macrophages after entering the body. NPs can perturb the polarization and reprogramming of macrophages, affect their immunological function and, therefore, affect the pathological process of disease. Optimally-designed NPs for the modulation of macrophage polarization and reprogramming might provide new solutions for treating diseases. Systematically investigating how NPs affect macrophage polarization is crucial for understanding the regulatory effects of NPs on immune cells in vivo. In this review, macrophage polarization by NPs is summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Leng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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The Role of Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation on NAFLD Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8162421. [PMID: 28115795 PMCID: PMC5237469 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The obese phenotype is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, NAFLD is often associated with adipocyte enlargement and consequent macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Macrophage polarization is often associated with the proinflammatory state in adipose tissue. In particular, an increase of M1 macrophages number or of M1/M2 ratio triggers the production and secretion of various proinflammatory signals (i.e., adipocytokines). Next, these inflammatory factors may reach the liver leading to local M1/M2 macrophage polarization and consequent onset of the histological damage characteristic of NAFLD. Thus, the role of macrophage polarization and inflammatory signals appears to be central for pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, even if the heterogeneity of macrophages and molecular mechanisms that govern their phenotype switch remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose and liver tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation in experimental and human NAFLD. This focus is relevant because it may help researchers that approach clinical and experimental studies on this disease advancing the knowledge of mechanisms that could be targeted in order to revert NAFLD-related fibrosis.
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141
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Matsutani T, Tamura K, Kutsukake M, Matsuda A, Tachikawa E, Uchida E. Impact of Pioglitazone on Macrophage Dynamics in Adipose Tissues of Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Treated Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:638-644. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsutani
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Masahiko Kutsukake
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama
| | - Akihisa Matsuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School
| | - Eiichi Tachikawa
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School
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Rotondo F, Romero MDM, Ho-Palma AC, Remesar X, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M. Quantitative analysis of rat adipose tissue cell recovery, and non-fat cell volume, in primary cell cultures. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2725. [PMID: 27917316 PMCID: PMC5131620 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissue (WAT) is a complex, diffuse, multifunctional organ which contains adipocytes, and a large proportion of fat, but also other cell types, active in defense, regeneration and signalling functions. Studies with adipocytes often require their isolation from WAT by breaking up the matrix of collagen fibres; however, it is unclear to what extent adipocyte number in primary cultures correlates with their number in intact WAT, since recovery and viability are often unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Epididymal WAT of four young adult rats was used to isolate adipocytes with collagenase. Careful recording of lipid content of tissue, and all fraction volumes and weights, allowed us to trace the amount of initial WAT fat remaining in the cell preparation. Functionality was estimated by incubation with glucose and measurement of glucose uptake and lactate, glycerol and NEFA excretion rates up to 48 h. Non-adipocyte cells were also recovered and their sizes (and those of adipocytes) were measured. The presence of non-nucleated cells (erythrocytes) was also estimated. RESULTS Cell numbers and sizes were correlated from all fractions to intact WAT. Tracing the lipid content, the recovery of adipocytes in the final, metabolically active, preparation was in the range of 70-75%. Cells showed even higher metabolic activity in the second than in the first day of incubation. Adipocytes were 7%, erythrocytes 66% and other stromal (nucleated cells) 27% of total WAT cells. However, their overall volumes were 90%, 0.05%, and 0.2% of WAT. Non-fat volume of adipocytes was 1.3% of WAT. CONCLUSIONS The methodology presented here allows for a direct quantitative reference to the original tissue of studies using isolated cells. We have also found that the "live cell mass" of adipose tissue is very small: about 13 µL/g for adipocytes and 2 µL/g stromal, plus about 1 µL/g blood (the rats were killed by exsanguination). These data translate (with respect to the actual "live cytoplasm" size) into an extremely high metabolic activity, which make WAT an even more significant agent in the control of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Rotondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Adipose tissue not only functions as the major energy-storing tissue, but also functions as an endocrine organ that regulates systemic metabolism by releasing various hormones called adipokines. Macrophages play a critical role in maintaining adipocyte health in a lean state and in remodeling during the progression of obesity. Large numbers of classically activated (M1) macrophages accumulate in adipose tissue as adipocytes become larger because of excessive energy conditions, and they adversely affect insulin resistance by triggering local and systemic inflammation. In contrast, alternatively activated (M2) macrophages seem to maintain the health of adipose tissues in a lean state. In addition, they play a role in adapting to excess energy states, because M2 macrophage dysfunction caused by genetic disruption of the M2 gene results in metabolic disorders under high-fat-fed conditions that are probably attributable to their anti-inflammatory functions. Nonetheless, how M2 macrophages contribute to maintaining the health of adipose tissue and therefore to insulin sensitivity is largely unknown. In this article, we review the literature on the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in metabolism, with a special focus on the role of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue. Likewise, we raise topics of M2 macrophages in non-adipose tissues to expand our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity.
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Eriksson Hogling D, Petrus P, Gao H, Bäckdahl J, Dahlman I, Laurencikiene J, Acosta J, Ehrlund A, Näslund E, Kulyte A, Mejhert N, Andersson DP, Arner P, Rydén M. Adipose and Circulating CCL18 Levels Associate With Metabolic Risk Factors in Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4021-4029. [PMID: 27459538 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic complications in obesity may be linked to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Transcriptomic studies of Sc WAT have reported that CCL18, encoding the CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), is increased in obesity/insulin resistance but its functional role is unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to determine if CCL18 is secreted from Sc WAT and if secreted and/or serum levels associate with metabolic phenotypes. We also planned to define the primary cellular source and if CCL18 exerts effects on adipocytes. DESIGN This is a cohort study. SETTING The study took place in an outpatient academic clinic. PARTICIPANTS A total of 130 obese women scheduled for bariatric surgery and 35 nonobese controls were included. METHODS Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp or homeostasis model assessment. CCL18 was analyzed in serum/WAT incubates by ELISA. Effects of recombinant CCL18 was determined in cultures of primary human adipocytes and the monocyte cell line THP-1 differentiated into M0/M1/M2 macrophages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Association with metabolic risk factors was measured. RESULTS CCL18 was secreted from WAT and the levels correlated positively with insulin resistance, Adult Treatment Panel III risk score and plasma triglycerides, independent of body mass index and better than other established adipocytokines. In 80 obese women, S-CCL18 levels were significantly higher in insulin resistant compared with insulin sensitive subjects. In WAT CCL18 mRNA was expressed in macrophages and correlated positively with immune-related genes, particularly those enriched in M2 macrophages. While CCL18 increased cyto-/chemokine expression in M0/M2-THP-1 cells, human adipocytes showed no responses in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Circulating and WAT-secreted CCL18 correlates with insulin resistance and metabolic risk score. Because CCL18 is macrophage-specific and associates with adipose immune gene expression, it may constitute a marker of WAT inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Adult
- Bariatric Surgery
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Body Mass Index
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Ontology
- Humans
- Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology
- Insulin Resistance
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
- Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
- Obesity, Morbid/immunology
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/pathology
- Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
- Panniculitis/etiology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/immunology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/pathology
- Sweden/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eriksson Hogling
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Juan Acosta
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Agne Kulyte
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
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Li Z, Xu F, Wang Z, Dai T, Ma C, Liu B, Liu Y. Macrophages Undergo M1-to-M2 Transition in Adipose Tissue Regeneration in a Rat Tissue Engineering Model. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E167-E178. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
- Department of Stomatology; Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command; Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Zhifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Laboratory Animal Center, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
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146
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Nakajima S, Koh V, Kua LF, So J, Davide L, Lim KS, Petersen SH, Yong WP, Shabbir A, Kono K. Accumulation of CD11c+CD163+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages through Upregulation of Intracellular 11β-HSD1 in Human Obesity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3735-3745. [PMID: 27698011 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) macrophages (ATMs) are key players for regulation of AT homeostasis and obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the phenotypes of human ATMs and regulatory mechanisms of their polarization have not been clearly described. In this study, we investigated human ATMs in both abdominal visceral AT and s.c. AT and proposed an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1)-glucocorticoid receptor regulatory axis that might dictate M1/M2 polarization in ATMs. The accumulation of CD11c+CD163+ ATMs in both visceral AT and s.c. AT of obese individuals was confirmed at the cellular level and was found to be clearly correlated with body mass index and production of reactive oxygen species. Using our in vitro system where human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBMs) were cocultured with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome adipocytes, M1/M2 polarization was found to be dependent on 11β-HSD1, an intracellular glucocorticoid reactivating enzyme. Exposure of hPBMs to cortisol-induced expression of CD163 and RU-486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, significantly abrogated CD163 expression through coculture of mature adipocytes with hPBMs. Moreover, 11β-HSD1 was expressed in crown ATMs in obese AT. Importantly, conditioned medium from coculture of adipocytes with hPBMs enhanced proliferation of human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, the phenotypic switch of ATMs from M2 to mixed M1/M2 phenotype occurred through differentiation of adipocytes in obese individuals, and upregulation of intracellular 11β-HSD1 might play a role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Vivien Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Ley-Fang Kua
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Jimmy So
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Lomanto Davide
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Kee Siang Lim
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Sven Hans Petersen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Koji Kono
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599; .,Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; and.,Department of Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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147
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Umetsu DT. Mechanisms by which obesity impacts upon asthma. Thorax 2016; 72:174-177. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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148
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Tardelli M, Zeyda K, Moreno-Viedma V, Wanko B, Grün NG, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Osteopontin is a key player for local adipose tissue macrophage proliferation in obesity. Mol Metab 2016; 5:1131-1137. [PMID: 27818939 PMCID: PMC5081407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent findings point towards an important role of local macrophage proliferation also in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation that underlies insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory cytokine highly upregulated in adipose tissue (AT) of obese and has repeatedly been shown to be functionally involved in adipose-tissue inflammation and metabolic sequelae. In the present work, we aimed at unveiling both the role of OPN in human monocyte and macrophage proliferation as well as the impact of OPN deficiency on local macrophage proliferation in a mouse model for diet-induced obesity. Methods The impact of recombinant OPN on viability, apoptosis, and proliferation was analyzed in human peripheral blood monocytes and derived macrophages. Wild type (WT) and OPN knockout mice (SPP1KO) were compared with respect to in vivo adipose tissue macrophage and in vitro bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) proliferation. Results OPN not only enhanced survival and decreased apoptosis of human monocytes but also induced proliferation similar to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Even in fully differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages, OPN induced a proliferative response. Moreover, proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages in obese mice was detectable in WT but virtually absent in SPP1KO. In BMDM, OPN also induced proliferation while OPN as well as M-CSF-induced proliferation was similar in WT and SPP1KO. Conclusions These data confirm that monocytes and macrophages not only are responsive to OPN and migrate to sites of inflammation but also they survive and proliferate more in the presence of OPN, a mechanism also strongly confirmed in vivo. Therefore, secreted OPN appears to be an essential player in AT inflammation, not only by driving monocyte chemotaxis and macrophage differentiation but also by facilitating local proliferation of macrophages. Osteopontin enhances survival and decreases apoptosis of human monocytes. Osteopontin induces proliferation of differentiated macrophages. Osteopontin facilitates local adipose tissue macrophage proliferation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Zeyda
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Department Health, Section Biomedical Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Moreno-Viedma
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wanko
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole G Grün
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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149
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Diverse macrophages polarization in tumor microenvironment. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1588-1596. [PMID: 27562774 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are traditional innate immune cells that play critical roles in the clearance of pathogens and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence proves that macrophages affect cancer initiation and malignancy. Macrophages can be categorized into two extreme subsets, classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages based on their distinct functional abilities in response to microenvironmental stimuli. In a tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be of the polarized M2 phenotype that enhances tumor progression and represent a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression by secreting a series of cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. The regulation of macrophage polarization is considered to be a potential future therapy for cancer management.
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150
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Poledne R, Kralova Lesna I, Kralova A, Fronek J, Cejkova S. The relationship between non-HDL cholesterol and macrophage phenotypes in human adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1899-1905. [PMID: 27481939 PMCID: PMC5036370 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p068015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from experimental animal models and in vitro studies suggest that both hyperlipoproteinemia and obesity predispose to development of proinflammatory pathways of macrophages within adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to analyze whether non-HDL cholesterol concentration in healthy living kidney donors (LKDs) is related to the number and phenotype of proinflammatory macrophages in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipose tissue samples were collected by cleansing the kidney grafts of LKDs obtained peroperatively. The stromal vascular fractions of these tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proinflammatory macrophages were defined as CD14+ cells coexpressing CD16+ and high-expression CD36 as well (CD14+CD16+CD36+++), while CD16 negativity and CD163 positivity identified alternatively stimulated, anti-inflammatory macrophages. Non-HDL cholesterol concentration positively correlated to proinflammatory macrophages within visceral adipose tissue, with increased strength with more precise phenotype determination. On the contrary, the proportion of alternatively stimulated macrophages correlated negatively with non-HDL cholesterol. The present study suggests a relationship of non-HDL cholesterol concentration to the number and phenotype proportion of macrophages in visceral adipose tissue of healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Poledne
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Kralova Lesna
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kralova
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Fronek
- Transplant Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Cejkova
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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