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Borad A, Deianni E, Peña K, Burjonrappa S. Pediatric Melanoma: Geographic Trends in Incidence, Stage, and Mortality in the United States. J Surg Res 2023; 290:215-220. [PMID: 37285703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric melanoma is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer in children, with the annual incidence recently increasing by an average of 2% each year. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from excessive sun exposure is an important carcinogenic risk factor, with penetration varying greatly throughout the country. Consequently, an individual's geographic location may play a role in how much exposure to high UV index rays they receive throughout their lifetime. The objective of this study was to use the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results SEER database to study geographic trends in incidence, staging, and mortality of pediatric melanoma between 2009 and 2019 and determine their relation to UV index in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients from 0 to 19 years in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results 22 registries incidence database (17 states) and 17 registries incidence-based mortality database (12 states) was conducted from 2009 to 2019 based on a diagnosis of melanoma of the skin using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer codes for malignant melanoma. Data regarding patient demographics and incidence, staging, and mortality per state were extracted. Incidence data were geographically mapped and mean UV index distribution from www.epa.gov was superimposed. RESULTS Incidence of pediatric melanoma was stratified regionally, with a total of 1665 new cases from 2009 to 2019. The Northeast had 393 new cases, with 244 (62.1%) localized cases, 55 (14.0%) lymph node-invasive and metastatic (advanced) cases, and 6/146 (4.1%) cases of mortality. The Midwest had 209 new cases, with 123 (58.9%) localized cases, 29 (13.9%) advanced cases, and 1/57 (1.8%) case of mortality. The South had 487 new cases, with 224 (46.0%) localized cases, 104 (21.4%) advanced cases, and 8/232 (3.4%) cases of mortality. The West had 576 new cases, with 364 (63.2%) localized cases, 82 (14.2%) advanced cases, and 23/551 (4.2%) cases of mortality. Mean UV index was 4.4 in the Northeast, 4.8 in the Midwest, 7.3 in the South, and 5.5 in the West from 2006 to 2020. The regional difference in incidence was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant increased number of advanced cases in the South as compared to the Northeast (P = 0.005), West (P = 0.002), and Midwest (P = 0.02), with a significant correlation coefficient of 0.7204 between advanced cases and mean UV index in the South. CONCLUSIONS There is a statistically significant increased incidence of lymph node-invasive and metastatic pediatric melanoma cases in the South as compared to the West, Northeast, and Midwest regions of the United States. There is also a significant correlation between the incidence of lymph node-invasive and metastatic pediatric melanoma cases and UV index. In the pediatric population, there is no statistically significant association between total incidence and mortality of melanoma and geographic region. There is an increased prevalence of pediatric melanoma seen in White and female patients. This suggests that an individual's geographic location in the United States during childhood may play a role in their likelihood of malignant melanoma development, advanced-stage melanoma development, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellie Deianni
- Medical Students, Rutgers RWJMS, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Kayla Peña
- Medical Students, Rutgers RWJMS, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Sathyaprasad Burjonrappa
- Professor of Surgery & Division Chief of Adolescent Obesity Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rutgers, RWJMS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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102
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Yusupova M, Zhou D, You J, Gonzalez-Guzman J, Ghanta MB, Pu H, Abdel-Malek Z, Chen Q, Gross SS, D'Orazio J, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Harris ML, Zippin JH. Distinct cAMP Signaling Microdomains Differentially Regulate Melanosomal pH and Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2019-2029.e3. [PMID: 37142186 PMCID: PMC10524761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
cAMP signaling is a well-established regulator of melanin synthesis. Two distinct cAMP signaling pathways-the transmembrane adenylyl cyclase pathway, activated primarily by the MC1R, and the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) pathway-affect melanin synthesis. The sAC pathway affects melanin synthesis by regulating melanosomal pH, and the MC1R pathway affects melanin synthesis by regulating gene expression and post-translational modifications. However, whether MC1R genotype affects melanosomal pH is poorly understood. We now report that loss of function MC1R does not affect melanosomal pH. Thus, sAC signaling appears to be the only cAMP signaling pathway that regulates melanosomal pH. We also addressed whether MC1R genotype affects sAC-dependent regulation of melanin synthesis. Although sAC loss of function in wild-type human melanocytes stimulates melanin synthesis, sAC loss of function has no effect on melanin synthesis in MC1R nonfunctional human and mouse melanocytes or skin and hair melanin in e/e mice. Interestingly, activation of transmembrane adenylyl cyclases, which increases epidermal eumelanin synthesis in e/e mice, leads to enhanced production of eumelanin in sAC-knockout mice relative to that in sAC wild-type mice. Thus, MC1R- and sAC-dependent cAMP signaling pathways define distinct mechanisms that regulate melanosomal pH and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maftuna Yusupova
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dalee Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaewon You
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeydi Gonzalez-Guzman
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Megha B Ghanta
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hong Pu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zalfa Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - John D'Orazio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
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103
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Nagaria TD, Shinde RK, Shukla S, Acharya S, Acharya N, Jogdand SD. The Sunlight-Vitamin D Connection: Implications for Patient Outcomes in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Cureus 2023; 15:e46819. [PMID: 37954702 PMCID: PMC10636290 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the intricate relationship between Vitamin D and patient outcomes in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). Vitamin D, known for its multifaceted roles in immune modulation, inflammation regulation, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis, emerges as a pivotal factor in the care of critically ill patients. Our exploration reveals a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the SICU, primarily attributable to limited sunlight exposure, comorbidities, and medication use. Importantly, Vitamin D status impacts infection rates, mortality, and length of stay in the SICU, making it a clinically relevant consideration. Mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin D shed light on its potential benefits in critical care. However, challenges, including accurate assessment, individualised supplementation, and ethical considerations regarding sunlight exposure, are evident. The prospect of personalised Vitamin D supplementation strategies offers promise for optimising patient care. In conclusion, the Sunlight-Vitamin D Connection holds significant potential to improve outcomes in the SICU, emphasising the importance of further research and tailored approaches for the well-being of critically ill individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapesh D Nagaria
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Raju K Shinde
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Samarth Shukla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neema Acharya
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sangita D Jogdand
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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104
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Morresi C, Luccarini A, Marcheggiani F, Ferretti G, Damiani E, Bacchetti T. Modulation of paraoxonase-2 in human dermal fibroblasts by UVA-induced oxidative stress: A new potential marker of skin photodamage. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110702. [PMID: 37717644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) is an intracellular protein, that exerts a protective role against cell oxidative stress and apoptosis. Genetic and environmental factors (i.e. dietary factors, cigarette smoke, drugs) are able to modulate cellular PON2 levels. The effect of ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), the oxidizing component of sunlight, on PON2 in human dermal fibroblasts (HuDe) has not been previously explored. Excessive UVA radiation is known to cause direct and indirect skin damage by influencing intracellular signalling pathways through oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulate the expression of downstream genes involved in different processes, e.g. skin photoaging and cancer. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the modulation of PON2 in terms of protein expression and enzyme activity in HuDe exposed to UVA (270 kJ/m2). Our results show that PON2 is up-regulated immediately after UVA exposure and that its levels and activity decrease in the post-exposure phase, in a time-dependent manner (2-24 h). The trend in PON2 levels mirror the time-course study of UVA-induced ROS. To confirm this, experiments were also performed in the presence of a SPF30 sunscreen used as shielding agent to revert modulation of PON2 at 0 and 2 h post-UVA exposure where other markers of photo-oxidative stress were also examined (NF-KB, γH2AX, advanced glycation end products). Overall, our results show that the upregulation of PON2 might be related to the increase in intracellular ROS and may play an important role in mitigation of UVA-mediated damage and in the prevention of the consequences of UV exposure, thus representing a new marker of early-response to UVA-induced damage in skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Morresi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alessia Luccarini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Science and Odontostomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
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105
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Fakhry H, Ghoniem AA, Al-Otibi FO, Helmy YA, El Hersh MS, Elattar KM, Saber WIA, Elsayed A. A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3754. [PMID: 37765609 PMCID: PMC10537747 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin as a natural polymer is found in all living organisms, and plays an important role in protecting the body from harmful UV rays from the sun. The efficiency of fungal biomass (Aureobasidium pullulans) and its extracellular melanin as Cr(VI) biosorbents was comparatively considered. The efficiency of Cr(VI) biosorption by the two sorbents used was augmented up to 240 min. The maximum sorption capacities were 485.747 (fungus biomass) and 595.974 (melanin) mg/g. The practical data were merely fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The kinetics of the biosorption process obeyed the pseudo-first-order. Melanin was superior in Cr(VI) sorption than fungal biomass. Furthermore, four independent variables (contact time, initial concentration of Cr(VI), biosorbent dosage, and pH,) were modeled by the two decision trees (DTs). Conversely, to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies, DT of fungal biomass had lower errors compared to DT of melanin. Lately, the DTs improved the efficacy of the Cr(VI) removal process, thus introducing complementary and alternative solutions to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies. The Cr(VI) biosorption onto the biosorbents was confirmed and elucidated through FTIR, SEM, and EDX investigations. Conclusively, this is the first report study attaining the biosorption of Cr(VI) by biomass of A. pullulans and its extracellular melanin among equilibrium isotherms, kinetic study, and algorithmic decision tree modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Fakhry
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11865, Egypt
- Department of Aquatic Environmental Science, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Ghoniem
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (A.A.G.); (M.S.E.H.)
| | - Fatimah O. Al-Otibi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
| | - Mohammed S. El Hersh
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (A.A.G.); (M.S.E.H.)
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - WesamEldin I. A. Saber
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (A.A.G.); (M.S.E.H.)
| | - Ashraf Elsayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
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106
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Yunmam S, Lee HR, Hong SM, Kim JY, Kang TH, Lee AY, Jang DS, Kim SY. Aspacochioside C from Asparagus cochinchinensis attenuates eumelanin synthesis via inhibition of TRP2 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14831. [PMID: 37684311 PMCID: PMC10491620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspacochioside C (ACC) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Asparagus cochinchinensis. Steroidal saponins, such as pseudoprotodioscin and dioscin, are known to inhibit melanogenesis, but the role of ACC in melanogenesis remains unknown. Due to the toxic effect of the commonly used skin whitening agents like arbutin, kojic acid and α-lipoic acid alternative plant products are recentlybeen studied for their anti-hypergmentation effect. This study explores the role of ACC in melanogenesis in both in vivo and in vitro models. Here, we for the first time demonstrate that ACC attenuated α-MSH- and UVB-induced eumelanin production by inhibiting tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 protein expression in both murine B16F10 and human melanoma MNT1 cells. However, ACC had no significant effect on pheomelanin concentration. ACC also decreased the pigmentation density in zebrafish embryos, which indicates that ACC targets TRP2 and inhibits eumelanin synthesis. Our results demonstrate that ACC inhibits TRP2, thereby attenuating eumelanin synthesis both in in vitro and in vivo zebrafish model. Therefore, ACC can potentially be used as an anti-melanogenic agent for both aesthetic and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yunmam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India
| | - Hae Ran Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
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107
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Yuzon JD, Schultzhaus Z, Wang Z. Transcriptomic and genomic effects of gamma-radiation exposure on strains of the black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis evolved to display increased ionizing radiation resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0221923. [PMID: 37676019 PMCID: PMC10581076 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02219-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanized fungi thrive in extreme environments, including those with high levels of ionizing radiation. To understand the role that melanin may play in ionizing radiation resistance, we previously performed an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment in which we used melanized and non-melanized strains of the yeast Exophiala dermatitidis to develop evolved lines that exhibit increased ionizing radiation resistance. In this study, we further characterized these evolved lines by analyzing their response to ionizing radiation at the transcriptomic and genomic levels. RNA sequencing showed that the response to gamma irradiation in both unevolved and evolved strains involved the induction of DNA repair genes. However, in the melanized lines evolved to exhibit increased ionizing radiation resistance, DNA-associated genes were constitutively expressed, compared to their expression levels in wild type. Non-melanized lines that were evolved to be resistant to ionizing radiation, on the other hand, exhibited upregulation of genes involved in redox homeostasis, even under non-irradiated conditions. Additionally, we characterized genome-wide mutations induced by a single high dose of gamma radiation in these evolved lines and observed that while melanin did not directly affect survival after gamma radiation exposure, melanized lines that evolved to exhibit higher ionizing radiation resistance experienced fewer mutations, whereas similarly evolved, non-melanized lines accumulated more mutations, similar to the parent, non-melanized strain. These results underscore the complex yet measurable role of melanin in the response to ionizing radiation in E. dermatitidis. Furthermore, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the recovery after ionizing radiation exposure in melanized fungi and offers insights into the potential therapeutic applications of melanin and other redox molecules for protecting against ionizing radiation-induced damage. IMPORTANCE Ionizing radiation poses a significant threat to living organisms and human health, given its destructive nature and widespread use in fields such as medicine and the potential for nuclear disasters. Melanized fungi exhibit remarkable survival capabilities, enduring doses up to 1,000-fold higher than mammals. Through adaptive laboratory evolution, we validated the protective role of constitutive upregulation of DNA repair genes in the black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis, enhancing survival after radiation exposure. Surprisingly, we found that evolved strains lacking melanin still achieved high levels of radioresistance. Our study unveiled the significance of robust activation and enhancement of redox homeostasis, as evidenced by the profound transcriptional changes and increased accumulation of mutations, in substantially improving ionizing radiation resistance in the absence of melanin. These findings underscore the delicate balance between DNA repair and redox homeostasis for an organism's ability to endure and recover from radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Yuzon
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Schultzhaus
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA
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108
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Son H, Haase JE, Docherty SL. The Concept of Double Protection in the Childhood Cancer Context. Cancer Nurs 2023; 46:335-343. [PMID: 37607369 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of double protection is used to describe communication avoidance used by parents and their child or adolescents with cancer in attempts to protect the other against disease-related stress and emotions, resulting from communication about the cancer, its treatment, and thoughts. This concept has received limited attention in the research literature. OBJECTIVES The aims of this concept analysis are to (1) explore its defining characteristics, applicability, and utility, (2) spotlight the concept and increase awareness and interest among healthcare providers and researchers, and (3) provide a direction for future interventions to improve parent-child communication in the childhood cancer context. METHODS Rodgers' Evolutionary Concept Analysis was used, and the findings from a study that explored the communication experience of Korean adolescents with cancer and their parents were integrated. RESULTS This study explored the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and related terms. The following attributes were extracted: intention to protect, bidirectional, and absence of parent-child communication at a deeper level. CONCLUSION Clarification of the concept of double protection provides insight into the concept as a barrier to engagement in parent-child communication and supports the significance of double protection in the childhood cancer context. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is a need for increased awareness of the challenges and dangers inherent in family communication avoidance, double protection. In order to address the issue, developing developmentally appropriate and valid clinical assessment tool and interventions are required. More research on the evidence-based benefits of effective parent-child communication is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Son
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Mrs Heeyeon Son and Dr Docherty); and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Haase)
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109
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Ye F, Chen W, Deng Z, Chen SL, Dong Z, Dang L, Li MD. Ultrafast excited-state energy dissipation pathway of diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) via the nanoparticles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2133-2142. [PMID: 37195390 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The organic UVA filter is popularized in sunscreen cosmetics due to the advantages of excellent light stability and high molar extinction coefficient. However, the poor water solubility of organic UV filters has been a common problem. Given that nanoparticles (NPs) can significantly improve the water solubility of organic chemicals. Meanwhile, the excited-state relaxation pathways of NPs might differ from their solution. Here, the NPs of diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), a popular organic UVA filter, were prepared by an advanced ultrasonic micro-flow reactor. The surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was selected as an effective stabilizer to prevent the self-aggregation of the NPs for DHHB. Femtosecond transient ultrafast spectroscopy (fs-TA) and theoretical calculations were utilized to trace and explain the excited-state evolution of DHHB in NPs suspension and its solution. The results reveal that the surfactant-stabilized NPs of DHHB reserve a similarly good performance of ultrafast excited-state relaxation. The stability characterization experiments demonstrate that the strategy of surfactant-stabilized NPs for sunscreen chemicals can maintain its stability and enhance the water solubility of DHHB compared with that of the solution phase. Therefore, the surfactant-stabilized NPs of organic UV filters are an effective method to improve water solubility and keep the stability from aggregation and photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, No 243, University Road, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, No 243, University Road, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, No 243, University Road, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhengya Dong
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Li Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, No 243, University Road, Shantou, 515063, China.
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China.
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, No 243, University Road, Shantou, 515063, China.
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China.
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110
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Busch L, Kröger M, Zamudio Díaz DF, Schleusener J, Lohan SB, Ma J, Witzel C, Keck CM, Meinke MC. Far-UVC- and UVB-induced DNA damage depending on skin type. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1582-1587. [PMID: 37545424 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Far-UVC radiation sources of wavelengths 222 nm and 233 nm represent an interesting potential alternative for the antiseptic treatment of the skin due to their high skin compatibility. Nevertheless, no studies on far-UVC-induced DNA damage in different skin types have been published to date, which this study aims for. After irradiating the skin with far-UVC of the wavelengths 222 and 233 nm as well as broadband UVB, the tissue was screened for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer-positive (CPD+ ) cells using immunohistochemistry. The epidermal DNA damage was lower in dark skin types than in fair skin types after irradiation at 233 nm. Contrary to this, irradiation at 222 nm caused no skin type-dependent differences, which can be attributed to the decreased penetration depth of radiation. UVB showed the relatively strongest differences between light and dark skin types when using a suberythemal dose of 3 mJ/cm2 . As melanin is known for its photoprotective effect, we evaluated the ratio of melanin content in the stratum basale and stratum granulosum in samples of different skin types using two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPE-FLIM) finding a higher ratio up to skin type IV-V. As far-UVC is known to penetrate only into the upper layers of the viable skin, the aforementioned melanin ratio could explain the less pronounced differences between skin types after irradiation with far-UVC compared to UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Busch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela F Zamudio Díaz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke B Lohan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackie Ma
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Witzel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Brunsgaard EK, Jensen J, Grossman D. Melanoma in skin of color: Part II. Racial disparities, role of UV, and interventions for earlier detection. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:459-468. [PMID: 35533770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite a higher incidence of melanoma among White individuals, melanoma-specific survival is worse among individuals with skin of color. Racial disparities in survival are multifactorial. Decreased skin cancer education focused on people with skin of color, lower rates of screening, increased socioeconomic barriers, higher proportions of more aggressive subtypes, and underrepresentation in research and professional education contribute to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Although high, intermittent UV exposure during childhood has been established as a significant modifiable risk factor for melanoma in individuals with lighter skin phototypes, there are limited data on UV exposure and melanoma risk in people with darker skin phototypes. The second article of this continuing medical education series will examine factors contributing to racial disparities in melanoma-specific survival, discuss the role of UV radiation, and address the need for further research and targeted educational interventions for melanoma in individuals with skin of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Brunsgaard
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jakob Jensen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Płatkowska A, Korzekwa S, Łukasik B, Zerbinati N. Combined Bipolar Radiofrequency and Non-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Mesotherapy Protocol to Improve Skin Appearance and Epidermal Barrier Function: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1145. [PMID: 37631060 PMCID: PMC10459519 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated changes in epidermal hydration, pigmentation, thickness and cell renewal influence skin appearance and can lead to laxity, dryness and poor skin tone. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the synergistic effects of a new bipolar radiofrequency plus non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) mesotherapy protocol compared with radiofrequency alone on skin appearance and markers of epidermal function. METHODS This prospective, single-center, split-face pilot study recruited women aged 25-65 years with dryness and laxity of the facial skin defined by a trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) value of ≥26 g/m2/h. Subjects were treated with a bipolar radiofrequency device on both sides of the face. This was immediately followed by needle hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment on one side of the face with 2.5 mL of a non-crosslinked HA. Photographic documentation, analysis of epidermal barrier function parameters, and high frequency (HF) ultrasound analysis were performed prior to treatment and at 28 days. RESULTS Twenty female subjects with a mean age of 46 (range 29 to 54) years and dry and lax facial skin were included. TEWL was reduced and skin hydration improved to a greater extent with the combined radiofrequency plus mesotherapy protocol compared with radiofrequency alone (-5.8% vs. +3.9% and +23.1% vs. +1.0%, respectively). The combined protocol was also associated with greater improvements in melanin (-7.5% vs. -1.5%) and erythema values (-7.2% vs. +3.0%), respectively. Ultrasound measures of epidermal thickness and epidermal density were greater after the combined protocol compared with radiofrequency alone (12.0% vs. 5.6% and 57.7% vs. 7.1%, respectively). Both treatments were well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The combined bipolar radiofrequency and HA mesotherapy protocol provided greater improvements in skin hydration, firmness and tone compared with radiofrequency alone. The combination treatment was also associated with greater epidermal thickness and density and increased keratinocyte differentiation suggesting a synergistic effect of both treatments on epidermal homeostasis and barrier function. Both treatments were well-tolerated and led to improvements in facial appearance.
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113
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Waoo AA, Singh S, Pandey A, Kant G, Choure K, Amesho KT, Srivastava S. Microbial exopolysaccharides in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18613. [PMID: 37593641 PMCID: PMC10432183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most significant and renewable class of polymeric materials are extracellular exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by microorganisms. Because of their diverse chemical and structural makeup, EPSs play a variety of functions in a variety of industries, including the agricultural industry, dairy industry, biofilms, cosmetics, and others, demonstrating their biotechnological significance. EPSs are typically utilized in high-value applications, and current research has focused heavily on them because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and compatibility with both people and the environment. Due to their high production costs, only a few microbial EPSs have been commercially successful. The emergence of financial barriers and the growing significance of microbial EPSs in industrial and medical biotechnology has increased interest in exopolysaccharides. Since exopolysaccharides can be altered in a variety of ways, their use is expected to increase across a wide range of industries in the coming years. This review introduces some significant EPSs and their composites while concentrating on their biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, India
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Kamlesh Choure
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, India
| | - Kassian T.T. Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia
- Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 7387, Swakomund, Namibia
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Baber MA, Crist CM, Devolve NL, Patrone JD. Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:5762. [PMID: 37570734 PMCID: PMC10420840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its integral role in the biosynthesis of melanin in all kingdoms of life, tyrosinase has become an extremely important target for inhibition in several sectors of research including agricultural and cosmetic research. Inhibitors of tyrosinase have made it to the market in the cosmetics industry, but their use has been limited due to conflicting efficacy and potential toxicity, which has led to several small molecules being removed from the market. Undaunted, researchers have continued to pursue tyrosinase inhibitors with varying degrees of success. These pursuits have built an impressive and rich library of research. This review is intended to provide a perspective of the past twenty years (2003-2023) of research on tyrosinase inhibitors by highlighting exemplar molecules and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason A. Baber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48209, USA;
| | - Cole M. Crist
- Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| | - Noah L. Devolve
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| | - James D. Patrone
- Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
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115
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Gao T, Wang X, Li Y, Ren F. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health and Related Gut-Skin Axis: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3123. [PMID: 37513540 PMCID: PMC10385652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut-skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic interventions has been proposed, and micro-ecological skin care is becoming a popular concept. By regulating skin health and gut-skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the application and mechanisms of probiotic-mediated gut microbiota homeostasis in skin care and to offer a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Bento-Lopes L, Cabaço LC, Charneca J, Neto MV, Seabra MC, Barral DC. Melanin's Journey from Melanocytes to Keratinocytes: Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms of Melanin Transfer and Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11289. [PMID: 37511054 PMCID: PMC10379423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation ensures efficient photoprotection and relies on the pigment melanin, which is produced by epidermal melanocytes and transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. While the molecular mechanisms of melanin synthesis and transport in melanocytes are now well characterized, much less is known about melanin transfer and processing within keratinocytes. Over the past few decades, distinct models have been proposed to explain how melanin transfer occurs at the cellular and molecular levels. However, this remains a debated topic, as up to four different models have been proposed, with evidence presented supporting each. Here, we review the current knowledge on the regulation of melanin exocytosis, internalization, processing, and polarization. Regarding the different transfer models, we discuss how these might co-exist to regulate skin pigmentation under different conditions, i.e., constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation or physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we discuss recent evidence that sheds light on the regulation of melanin exocytosis by melanocytes and internalization by keratinocytes, as well as how melanin is stored within these cells in a compartment that we propose be named the melanokerasome. Finally, we review the state of the art on the molecular mechanisms that lead to melanokerasome positioning above the nuclei of keratinocytes, forming supranuclear caps that shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms regulating skin pigmentation, from melanin exocytosis by melanocytes and internalization by keratinocytes to processing and polarization within keratinocytes. A better knowledge of these molecular mechanisms will clarify long-lasting questions in the field that are crucial for the understanding of skin pigmentation and can shed light on fundamental aspects of organelle biology. Ultimately, this knowledge can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to treat hypo- or hyper-pigmentation disorders, which have a high socio-economic burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide, as well as cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Duarte C. Barral
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.B.-L.); (L.C.C.); (J.C.); (M.V.N.); (M.C.S.)
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Rahman SM, Ahmed F, Amanullah A, Haque A. Impact of UV Modifying Factors on the Incidence of Keratinocyte Carcinomas in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:e2023065. [PMID: 37557127 PMCID: PMC10412048 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1303a65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) are at an increased risk for developing keratinocyte carcinomas (KC). Four ultraviolet (UV) modifying factors have been identified that impact the incidence of KC: Fitzpatrick Skin Type (FST), race, sun exposure, and sun-protective factors. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review to summarize the association between UV modifying factors and the incidence of KC in SOTR. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 13 studies with 6,910 solid organ transplant recipients in our analysis. RESULTS Our review found that lower FST (I-II), white and Latinx populations, lack of regulated sunscreen application, and occupational and residential sun exposure are individual risk factors among solid organ transplant recipients for KC incidence. Although previous studies showed an in-creased SCC:BCC ratio, some studies found a contradictory increased BCC:SCC ratio. Limitations include few research studies that analyze these UV modifying factors and a lack of incorporating both varying immunosuppressant factors and transplantation follow-up times. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the need for dermatological advice in increased risk patient demographic populations, lower FST and white and Latinx populations, and subsequently moderating sun exposure and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Minhaj Rahman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amir Amanullah
- Department of Dermatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adel Haque
- Department of Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kalasariya HS, Pereira L, Patel NB. Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Padina boergesenii: Unveiling Its Prospects as a Promising Cosmetic Component. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:385. [PMID: 37504916 PMCID: PMC10381904 DOI: 10.3390/md21070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae, such as Padina boergesenii, are gaining recognition in the cosmetics industry as valuable sources of natural bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical profile of P. boergesenii and evaluate its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (HRLCMS QTOF) analyses were employed to assess the functional groups, phycocompounds, and beneficial compounds present in P. boergesenii. Pigment estimation, total phenol and protein content determination, DPPH antioxidant analysis, and tyrosinase inhibition assay were conducted to evaluate the extracts' ability to counteract oxidative stress and address hyperpigmentation concerns. Elemental composition and amino acid quantification were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and HRLCMS, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed diverse functional groups, including halo compounds, alcohols, esters, amines, and acids. GCMS analysis identified moisturizing, conditioning, and anti-aging compounds such as long-chain fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fatty acids, and hydrocarbon derivatives. HRLCMS QTOF analysis revealed phenolic compounds, fatty acid derivatives, peptides, terpenoids, and amino acids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-nourishing properties. Elemental analysis indicated varying concentrations of elements, with silicon (Si) being the most abundant and copper (Cu) being the least abundant. The total phenol content was 86.50 µg/mL, suggesting the presence of antioxidants. The total protein content was 113.72 µg/mL, indicating nourishing and rejuvenating effects. The ethanolic extract exhibited an IC50 value of 36.75 μg/mL in the DPPH assay, indicating significant antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract showed an IC50 value of 42.784 μg/mL. Furthermore, P. boergesenii extracts demonstrated 62.14% inhibition of tyrosinase activity. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of P. boergesenii as an effective cosmetic ingredient for enhancing skin health. Given the increasing use of seaweed-based bioactive components in cosmetics, further exploration of P. boergesenii's potential in the cosmetics industry is warranted to leverage its valuable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh S. Kalasariya
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nikunj B. Patel
- Microbiology Department, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar 384315, Gujarat, India;
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Margadant F, Almsherqi Z, Xu X, Deng Y. Optical Properties and Interference Effects of the Lens Mitochondrion. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:610. [PMID: 37367815 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The lens mitochondrion of the tree shrew, located along the optical pathway between the lens and photoreceptors, has been investigated. The results suggest that the lens mitochondrion acts as a quasi-bandgap or imperfect photonic crystal. Interference effects cause a shift in the focus and introduce wavelength-dependent behavior similar to dispersion. Optical channels within the mitochondrion form a mild waveguide, preferentially propagating light within certain compartments. The lens mitochondrion also functions as an imperfect UV-shielding interference filter. Overall, this study provides insights into the dual role of the lens mitochondrion and the complex behavior of light within biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Margadant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zakaria Almsherqi
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
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Bera S, Datta HK, Dastidar P. Nitrile-Containing Terpyridyl Zn(II)-Coordination Polymer-Based Metallogelators Displaying Helical Structures: Synthesis, Structures, and "Druglike" Action against B16-F10 Melanoma Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25098-25109. [PMID: 35723469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to develop a self-drug-delivery system against melanoma from a series of metallogelators derived from coordination polymers. Thus, a series of coordination polymers (CP1-CP6) derived from a nitrile-containing terpyridyl ligand (L) and transition metal salts (Cu(I)/Zn(II)) have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized by a number of physicochemical techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction. Reactions of the ingredients of the coordination polymers guided by their single crystal structures produced four metallogels (CPG2-CPG5) which were characterized by dynamic rheology and TEM. The metallogelator CPG3 turned out to be the best suited for further studies as revealed from MTT assay against melanoma (B16-F10) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. Various experiments (scratch, cell cycle, nuclear condensation, annexin V-FITC/PI, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ho-efflux assays) not only supported the "druglike" action against melanoma B16-F10 cells but also suggested that the mechanism of cancer cell death was via mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization-driven apoptosis. Because melanoma B16-F10 is a model cell line for human skin cancer, the metallogel CPG3 may, therefore, be further developed for such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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Nam SH, Choi JH, Kim GC. Topical Application of No-Ozone Cold Plasma in Combination with Vitamin C Reduced Skin Redness and Pigmentation of UV-Irradiated Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1563. [PMID: 37371658 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is the main cause of sunburn on the skin as it induces erythema and accelerates pigmentation. Vitamin C is one of the most frequently used compounds to reduce UV-induced skin pigmentation, but it has limitations in absorption through the skin. In this study, we tested whether a no-ozone cold plasma (NCP) treatment can improve UV-irradiated skin by helping the action of Vitamin C. For this, among five groups of HRM-2 hairless mice, four groups of mice were subjected to UVB irradiation, and three groups of UVB-treated mice were treated with NCP, Vitamin C, and NCP + Vitamin C, respectively. For evaluating the effect of each treatment, the melanin and erythema index was measured during animal experiments. Histological changes were monitored by performing H&E and MTS and IHC against tyrosinase and melanin. As a result, the naturally recovered mice showed a 28-point decrease in the melanin index, whereas a decrease of around 88, 74.3, and 106 points was detected in NCP-, Vitamin C-, and NCP + vitamin C-treated mice, respectively. Likewise, only a 39-point reduction in the erythema index was monitored in naturally recovered mice, but the NCP-, vitamin C-, and NCP + vitamin C-treated mice showed a 87.3-, 77-, and 111-point reduction, respectively. Interestingly, the skin tissues of the mice treated with NCP in combination with Vitamin C mostly recovered from UVB-induced damage. Altogether, this study elucidated the beneficial effect of the treatment of NCP in combination with Vitamin C on the UVB-irradiated skin, which might be helpful for treating sunburn on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoul-Hee Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hae Choi
- Research and Development Center, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Cheon Kim
- Research and Development Center, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Ceccarini MR, Ripanti F, Raggi V, Paciaroni A, Petrillo C, Comez L, Donato K, Bertelli M, Beccari T, Valentini L. Development of Salmon Sperm DNA/Regenerated Silk Bio-Based Films for Biomedical Studies on Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells under Solar Spectrum. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050280. [PMID: 37233390 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated adhesive patches from silkworm-regenerated silk and DNA to safeguard human skin from the sun's rays. The patches are realized by exploiting the dissolution of silk fibers (e.g., silk fibroin (SF)) and salmon sperm DNA in formic acid and CaCl2 solutions. Infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the conformational transition of SF when combined with DNA; the results indicated that the addition of DNA provides an increase in the SF crystallinity. UV-Visible absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed strong absorption in the UV region and the presence of B-form of DNA once dispersed in the SF matrix, respectively. Water absorption measurements as well as thermal dependence of water sorption and thermal analysis, suggested the stability of the fabricated patches. Biological results on cellular viability (MTT assay) of keratinocyte HaCaT cells after exposures to the solar spectrum showed that both SF and SF/DNA patches are photo-protective by increasing the cellular viability of keratinocytes after UV component exposure. Overall, these SF/DNA patches promise applications in wound dressing for practical biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Ripanti
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Raggi
- Polo Scientifico Didattico, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Petrillo
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Comez
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-IOM, National Research Council-CNR, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Kevin Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO SCS, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO SCS, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Valentini
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 6, 05100 Terni, Italy
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Wang JH, Hwang SJ, Lee SK, Choi Y, Byun CK, Son CG. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Fractioned Cynanchum atratum by Regulation of cAMP/MITF Pathway in a UVB-Stimulated Mice Model. Cells 2023; 12:1390. [PMID: 37408224 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on traditional pharmacological applications and partial in vitro data, Cynanchum atratum (CA) is proposed to act on skin whitening. However, its functional evaluation and underlying mechanisms have yet to be identified. This study aimed to examine the anti-melanogenesis activity of CA fraction B (CAFB) on UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Forty C57BL/6j mice were exposed to UVB (100 mJ/cm2, five times/week) for eight weeks. After irradiation, CAFB was applied to the left ear once a day for 8 weeks (the right ear served as an internal control). The results showed that CAFB significantly reduced melanin production in the ear skin, as indicated by the gray value and Mexameter melanin index. In addition, CAFB treatment notably decreased melanin production in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanocytes, along with a significant reduction in tyrosinase activity. Cellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) were also noticeably downregulated by CAFB. In conclusion, CAFB is a promising ingredient for treating skin disorders caused by the overproduction of melanin and its underlying mechanisms involving the modulation of tyrosinase, mainly mediated by the regulation of the cAMP cascade and MITF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Keun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Se-Myung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Byun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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Brănișteanu DE, Porumb-Andrese E, Stărică A, Munteanu AC, Toader MP, Zemba M, Porumb V, Cozmin M, Moraru AD, Nicolescu AC, Brănișteanu DC. Differences and Similarities in Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050943. [PMID: 37241175 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) represent important causes of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we evaluate the available knowledge on the differences and similarities between cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma, focusing on the epidemiological aspects and risk factors. Uveal melanoma is a rare condition but is the most prevalent primary intra-ocular malignant tumor in adults. Cutaneous melanoma, on the other hand, is significantly more common. While the frequency of cutaneous melanoma has increased in the last decades worldwide, the incidence of uveal melanoma has remained stable. Although both tumors arise from melanocytes, they are very distinct entities biologically, with complex and varied etiologies. Both conditions are encountered more frequently by individuals with a fair phenotype. ultraviolet-radiation is an important, well-documented risk factor for the development of CM, but has shown not to be of specific risk in UM. Although cutaneous and ocular melanomas seem to be inherited independently, there are reported cases of concomitant primary tumors in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daciana Elena Brănișteanu
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Porumb-Andrese
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Stărică
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Catalina Munteanu
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Mihail Zemba
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Porumb
- Department Surgery, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Cozmin
- Clinical Department, Apollonia University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Dana Moraru
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Codruț Nicolescu
- Roma Medical Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, 011773 Bucharest, Romania
- "Agrippa Ionescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 011773 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănișteanu
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Hering A, Stefanowicz-Hajduk J, Dziomba S, Halasa R, Krzemieniecki R, Sappati S, Baginski M, Ochocka JR. Mangiferin Affects Melanin Synthesis by an Influence on Tyrosinase: Inhibition, Mechanism of Action and Molecular Docking Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051016. [PMID: 37237882 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is a strong antioxidant that presents a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the influence of mangiferin on tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for melanin synthesis and the unwanted browning process of food. The research included both the kinetics and molecular interactions between tyrosinase and mangiferin. The research proved that mangiferin inhibits tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 290 +/- 6.04 µM, which was found comparable with the standard kojic acid (IC50 217.45 +/- 2.54 µM). The mechanism of inhibition was described as mixed inhibition. The interaction between tyrosinase enzyme and mangiferin was confirmed with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The analysis indicated the formation of two main, and four less significant complexes. These results have also been supported by the molecular docking studies. It was indicated that mangiferin binds to tyrosinase, similarly to L-DOPA molecule, both in the active center and peripheral site. As it was presented in molecular docking studies, mangiferin and L-DOPA molecules can interact in a similar way with surrounding amino acid residues of tyrosinase. Additionally, hydroxyl groups of mangiferin may interact with amino acids on the tyrosinase external surface causing non-specific interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hering
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafal Halasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Krzemieniecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Subrahmanyam Sappati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Renata Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Rosic N, Climstein M, Boyle GM, Thanh Nguyen D, Feng Y. Exploring Mycosporine-like Amino Acid UV-Absorbing Natural Products for a New Generation of Environmentally Friendly Sunscreens. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040253. [PMID: 37103392 PMCID: PMC10142268 DOI: 10.3390/md21040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin needs additional protection from damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR: 280-400 nm). Harmful UVR exposure leads to DNA damage and the development of skin cancer. Available sunscreens offer chemical protection from detrimental sun radiation to a certain extent. However, many synthetic sunscreens do not provide sufficient UVR protection due to the lack of photostability of their UV-absorbing active ingredients and/or the lack of ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, inevitably leading to skin damage. In addition, synthetic sunscreens may negatively affect human skin, causing irritation, accelerating skin aging and even resulting in allergic reactions. Beyond the potential negative effect on human health, some synthetic sunscreens have been shown to have a harmful impact on the environment. Consequently, identifying photostable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable natural UV filters is imperative to address human health needs and provide a sustainable environmental solution. In nature, marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms are protected from harmful UVR through several important photoprotective mechanisms, including the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Beyond MAAs, several other promising, natural UV-absorbing products could be considered for the future development of natural sunscreens. This review investigates the damaging impact of UVR on human health and the necessity of using sunscreens for UV protection, specifically UV-absorbing natural products that are more environmentally friendly than synthetic UV filters. Critical challenges and limitations related to using MAAs in sunscreen formulations are also evaluated. Furthermore, we explain how the genetic diversity of MAA biosynthetic pathways may be linked to their bioactivities and assess MAAs' potential for applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Research (PASER) Theme, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Duy Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Shahid NH, Rashid H, Kumar S, Archoo S, Umar SA, Nazir LA, Parvinder SP, Tasduq SA. Inhibition of melanogenesis by 3-(1'-methyltetrahydropyridinyl)-2,4-6-trihydroxy acetophenone via suppressing the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear exclusion of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1). Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175734. [PMID: 37080332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Ultraviolet radiation or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulates the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase A signalling pathway, which leads to the synthesis and deposition of melanin granules in the epidermis. Skin pigmentation is the major physiological defence against inimical effects of sunlight. However, excessive melanin production and accumulation can cause various skin hyperpigmentation disorders. The present study involved the identification of 3-(1'-methyltetrahydropyridinyl)-2,4-6-trihydroxy acetophenone (IIIM-8) as an inhibitor of melanogenesis, IIIM-8 significantly inhibited pigment production both invitro and invivowithout incurring any cytotoxicity in Human Adult Epidermal Melanocytes (HAEM). IIIM-8 repressed melanin synthesis and secretion both at basal levels and in α-MSH stimulated cultured HAEM cells by decreasing the levels of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, coupled with restoring the phosphorylation of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and its nuclear exclusion in HAEM cells. This impeding effect correlates with diminished expression of master melanogenic proteins including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), Tyrosinase (TYR), Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1), and Tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP2). Additionally, topical application of IIIM-8 induced tail depigmentation in C57BL/6 J mice. Furthermore, IIIM-8 efficiently mitigated the effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on melanin synthesis in the auricles of C57BL/6 J mice. This study demonstrates that IIIM-8 is an active anti-melanogenic agent against ultraviolet radiation-induced melanogenesis and other hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naikoo H Shahid
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Sher-e-KashmirInstitute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sajida Archoo
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Umar
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lone A Nazir
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Singh P Parvinder
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Harel N, Shtern NO, Reshef L, Biran D, Ron EZ, Gophna U. Skin microbiome bacteria enriched following long sun exposure can reduce oxidative damage: a 5-month preliminary study of ten lifeguards. Res Microbiol 2023:104059. [PMID: 37080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin microbiome is important for skin health and protection against solar damage. Sun exposure can cause long-term harm and increase the risk of skin aging and skin cancer. Here we examined the effects of daily exposure to sun radiation on the skin microbiome in order to determine whether skin microbiome bacteria can contribute to protection from solar damage. METHODS Skin swabs were collected from ten lifeguards before and after the summer season to analyze changes in the skin microbiome. The bacteria which were enriched after the summer were chosen for further studies to assess their response to solar radiation and potential effect on skin health. RESULT The study indicates that specific skin microbiome bacteria were enriched after seasonal sun exposure. Two of these, Sphingomonas and Erythrobacteraceae, may have the ability to protect against UV radiation as they produce potentially protective compounds. Indeed, further analysis showed that a Sphingomonas spp. was able to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in human keratinocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that members of the skin microbiome can enhance protection from solar radiation damage and contribute to human health. The findings provide a proof-of-concept for the role of the skin microbiome in promoting skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Harel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University.
| | - Navit Ogen Shtern
- The skin research institute, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center and Eilat campus, Ben Gurion University of the Negev.
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dvora Biran
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eliora Z Ron
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Mahendra CK, Ser HL, Abidin SAZ, Khan SU, Pusparajah P, Htar TT, Chuah LH, Tang SY, Ming LC, Goh KW, Kumari Y, Goh BH. The anti-melanogenic properties of Swietenia macrophylla king. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114659. [PMID: 37068335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fair flawless skin is the goal for some cultures and the development of irregular skin pigmentation is considered an indication of premature skin aging. Hence, there is a rising demand for skin whitening cosmetics. Thus, this research will be focusing on discovering the anti-pigmentation properties of Swietenia macrophylla seeds. Firstly, the seeds were extracted with ethanol and further fractionate based on their polarity before testing them on zebrafish embryos. The ethanolic extract of the seed demonstrated significant inhibition of both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the embryos. However, after fractionation, the anti-melanogenic ability was observed to have decreased, signifying that the phytocompounds may be synergistic in nature. Still in the proteomic studies the ethanolic extract and its hexane fraction both induced the downregulation of cathepsin LB and cytoskeletal proteins that have connections to the melanogenic pathway, confirming that S. macrophylla seeds do indeed have anti-pigmentation properties that can be exploited for cosmetic use. Next, limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids found in the seed) were tested for their inhibitory effect against human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP-1) via molecular docking. It was found that limonoids have a stronger binding affinity to TYRP-1 than kojic acid, suggesting that these phytocompounds may have the potential in inhibiting pigmentation. However, this still needs further confirmation before these phytocompounds can be developed into a skin whitening agent. Other assays like ex-vivo or 3D human skin culture can also be used to better study the seeds anti-pigmentation effect on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- Product & Process Innovation Department, Qarshi Brands (Pvt) Ltd, Hattar Industrial Estate, 22610, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological Disorder and Aging Research Group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Balwani M, Bonkovsky HL, Levy C, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Parker C, Takahashi F, Desnick RJ, Belongie K. Dersimelagon in Erythropoietic Protoporphyrias. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1376-1385. [PMID: 37043653 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2208754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria are inborn errors of heme biosynthesis that cause elevated circulating levels of metal-free protoporphyrin and phototoxicity. Both disorders are characterized by excruciating phototoxic attacks after exposure to visible light. Dersimelagon is a new, orally administered, selective melanocortin 1 receptor agonist that increases levels of skin eumelanin. METHODS We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of dersimelagon with respect to the time to onset and the severity of symptoms associated with sunlight exposure in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria or X-linked protoporphyria. Patients 18 to 75 years of age were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive placebo or dersimelagon at a dose of 100 or 300 mg once daily for 16 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline to week 16 in the time to the first prodromal symptom associated with sunlight exposure. Patients recorded daily sunlight exposure and symptom data in an electronic diary. Quality of life and safety were also assessed. RESULTS Of the 102 patients (93 with erythropoietic protoporphyria and 9 with X-linked protoporphyria) who underwent randomization, 90% completed the treatment period. The mean daily time to the first prodromal symptom associated with sunlight exposure increased significantly with dersimelagon: the least-squares mean difference from placebo in the change from baseline to week 16 was 53.8 minutes in the 100-mg dersimelagon group (P = 0.008) and 62.5 minutes in the 300-mg dersimelagon group (P = 0.003). The results also suggest that quality of life improved in patients receiving dersimelagon as compared with placebo. The most common adverse events that occurred or worsened during treatment were nausea, freckles, headache, and skin hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSIONS At both doses evaluated, dersimelagon significantly increased the duration of symptom-free sunlight exposure in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria or X-linked protoporphyria. (Funded by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma; Endeavor ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03520036.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Balwani
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Cynthia Levy
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Karl E Anderson
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - D Montgomery Bissell
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Charles Parker
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Fumihiro Takahashi
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Robert J Desnick
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
| | - Kirstine Belongie
- From the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B., R.J.D.); the Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University-North Carolina Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem (H.L.B.); Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (C.L.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Porphyria Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (K.E.A.); Liver Center and Porphyria Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (D.M.B.); the Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.P.); Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo (F.T.); and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ (K.B.)
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Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Zinchuk-Mironova V, Melero A. Microneedle-assisted transdermal delivery of nanoparticles: Recent insights and prospects. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1884. [PMID: 37041036 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of drugs offers an interesting alternative for the administration of molecules that present certain troubles when delivered by the oral route. It can produce systemic effects or perform a local action when the formulation exerts an optimal controlled drug release or a targeted delivery to the specific cell type or site. It also avoids several inconveniences of the oral administration such as the hepatic first pass effect, gastric pH-induced hydrolysis, drug malabsorption because of certain diseases or surgeries, and unpleasant organoleptic properties. Nanomedicine and microneedle array patches (MAPs) are two of the trendiest delivery systems applied to transdermal research nowadays. However, the skin is a protective barrier and nanoparticles (NPs) cannot pass through the intact stratum corneum. The association of NPs and MAPs (NPs@MAPs) work synergistically, since MAPs assist NPs to bypass the outer skin layers, and NPs contribute to the system providing controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Vaccination and tailored therapies have been proposed as fields where both NPs and MAPs have great potential due to inherent characteristics. MAPs conception and easy use could allow self-administration and therefore facilitate mass vaccination campaigns in undeveloped areas with weak healthcare services. Additionally, nanomedicine is being explored as a platform to personalize therapies in such an important field as oncology. In this work we show recent insights that prove the benefits of NPs@MAPs association and analyze the prospects and the discrete interest of the industry in NPs@MAPs, evaluating different limiting steps that restricts NPs@MAPs translation to the clinical practice. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > NA Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Valeria Zinchuk-Mironova
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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132
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Ma LP, Liu MM, Liu F, Sun B, Wang SN, Chen J, Yu HJ, Yan J, Tian M, Gao L, Liu QJ. Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated melanin pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in human primary melanocytes and the skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:581-593. [PMID: 37032347 PMCID: PMC10163137 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
UVB exposure accelerates skin aging and pigmentation. Melatonin effectively regulates tyrosinase (TYR) activity and aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between premature senescence and pigmentation, and the mechanism of melanin synthesis effected by melatonin. Primary melanocytes were extracted and identified from the male foreskin. To inhibit TYR expression, primary melanocytes were transduced with the lentivirus pLKD-CMV-EGFP-2A-Puro-U6-TYR. The wild-type TYR(+/+) and TYR(-/-) or TYR(+/-) knockout C57BL/6 J mice were used to determine the role of TYR on melanin synthesis in vivo. Results showed that UVB-induced melanin synthesis is dependent on TYR in primary melanocytes and mice. Furthermore, in primary melanocytes pretreated with Nutlin-3 or PFT-α to up or downregulate p53, results showed that premature senescence and melanin synthesis increased in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation at 80 mJ/cm2, and further increased after being treated with Nutlin-3, while significantly decreased with PFT-α. In addition, melatonin inhibited UVB-induced premature senescence associated with inactivation of p53 and phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 (ser-15), a decrease of melanin synthesis accompanied by reduced TYR expression. Moreover, skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB were reduced in the dorsal and ear skin of mice topically pretreated with 2.5% melatonin. These indicate that melatonin inhibits UVB-induced senescence-associated pigmentation via the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes and prevents pigmentation obviously in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation. KEY MESSAGES: P53 links UVB irradiation-induced senescence and senescence-associated pigmentation and regulates TYR in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation. Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes. Melatonin prevents skin erythema and melanin pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Ma
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Nian Wang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Jie Yu
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China.
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133
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Vašková J, Stupák M, Vidová Ugurbaş M, Žatko D, Vaško L. Therapeutic Efficiency of Humic Acids in Intoxications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040971. [PMID: 37109500 PMCID: PMC10143271 DOI: 10.3390/life13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins. The manifold chemical structure of HS alters their polyelectrolyte character and thus their chelating efficiency. For many years, HS have been studied due to their detoxification, anti-, and pro-inflammatory or anticancer and antiviral ability. This article summarizes the antioxidant and adsorption properties of humic acids, highlighting their usefulness in intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Vidová Ugurbaş
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Imuna Pharm, a.s., Šarišské Michaľany, 082 22 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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134
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Karthikeyan R, Davies WI, Gunhaga L. Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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135
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Kim DH, Shin DW, Lim BO. Fermented Aronia melanocarpa Inhibits Melanogenesis through Dual Mechanisms of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β and PKA/CREB Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072981. [PMID: 37049743 PMCID: PMC10095632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UV light causes excessive oxidative stress and abnormal melanin synthesis, which results in skin hyperpigmentation disorders such as freckles, sunspots, and age spots. Much research has been carried out to discover natural plants for ameliorating these disorders. Aronia melanocarpa contains various polyphenolic compounds with antioxidative activities, but its effects on melanogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of fermented Aronia melanocarpa (FA) fermented with Monascus purpureus on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanism in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. Our results indicate that FA inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells. FA significantly downregulated the PKA/CREB pathway, resulting in decreased protein levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and MITF. FA also inhibited the transcription of MITF by increasing the phosphorylation levels of both GSK3β and AKT. Interestingly, we demonstrated that these results were owing to the significant increase in gallic acid, a phenolic compound of Aronia melanocarpa produced after the fermentation of Monascus purpureus. Taken together, our research suggests that Aronia melanocarpa fermented with Monascus purpureus acts as a melanin inhibitor and can be used as a potential cosmetic or therapeutic for improving hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.W.S.); (B.O.L.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3693 (D.W.S.); +82-43-840-3570 (B.O.L.)
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.W.S.); (B.O.L.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3693 (D.W.S.); +82-43-840-3570 (B.O.L.)
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136
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Song EC, Park C, Shin Y, Kim WK, Kim SB, Cho S. Neurog1-Derived Peptides RMNE1 and DualPep-Shine Penetrate the Skin and Inhibit Melanin Synthesis by Regulating MITF Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076158. [PMID: 37047130 PMCID: PMC10094136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-pigmentation peptides have been developed as alternative skin-lightening agents to replace conventional chemicals that have adverse effects on the skin. However, the maximum size of these peptides is often limited by their low skin and cell penetration. To address this issue, we used our intra-dermal delivery technology (IDDT) platform to identify peptides with hypo-pigmenting and high cell-penetrating activity. Using our cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) from the IDDT platform, we identified RMNE1 and its derivative RMNE3, "DualPep-Shine", which showed levels of α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin inhibition comparable to the conventional tyrosinase inhibitor, Kojic acid. In addition, DualPep-Shine was delivered into the nucleus and regulated the gene expression levels of melanogenic enzymes by inhibiting the promoter activity of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M). Using a 3D human skin model, we found that DualPep-Shine penetrated the lower region of the epidermis and reduced the melanin content in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DualPep-Shine showed high safety with little immunogenicity, indicating its potential as a novel cosmeceutical ingredient and anti-pigmentation therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Chan Song
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungyeong Shin
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Kim
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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137
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Xue S, Li Z, Ze X, Wu X, He C, Shuai W, Marlow M, Chen J, Scurr D, Zhu Z, Xu J, Xu S. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Hybrids Containing Dihydrochalcone as Tyrosinase Inhibitors to Treat Skin Hyperpigmentation. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5099-5117. [PMID: 36940414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive melanin deposition may lead to a series of skin disorders. The production of melanin is carried out by melanocytes, in which the enzyme tyrosinase performs a key role. In this work, we identified a series of novel tyrosinase inhibitor hybrids with a dihydrochalcone skeleton and resorcinol structure, which can inhibit tyrosinase activity and reduce the melanin content in the skin. Compound 11c possessed the most potent activity against tyrosinase, showing IC50 values at nanomolar concentration ranges, along with significant antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, in vitro permeation tests, supported by HPLC analysis and 3D OrbiSIMS imaging visualization, revealed the excellent permeation of 11c. More importantly, compound 11c reduced the melanin content on UV-induced skin pigmentation in a guinea pig model in vivo. These results suggest that compound 11c may serve as a promising potent tyrosinase inhibitor for the development of a potential therapy to treat skin hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Xue
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xiaotong Ze
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Chen He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shuai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou 215300, P. R. China
| | - David Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jinyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou 215300, P. R. China
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138
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Lessons Learned from Anatomic Susceptibility in Vitiligo Patients: A Systematic Review. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-023-00384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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139
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Cho J, Jung H, Kang DY, Sp N, Shin W, Lee J, Park BG, Kang YA, Jang KJ, Bae SW. The Skin-Whitening and Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) Derivatives in Melanoma and Fibroblast Cell Lines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2157-2169. [PMID: 36975508 PMCID: PMC10047566 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the most voluminous organ of the human body and is exposed to the outer environment. Such exposed skin suffers from the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, and skin pigmentation. Skin pigmentation occurs in skin aging and is caused by hyper-melanogenesis and oxidative stress. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural secondary metabolite from a plant-based source widely used as a cosmetic ingredient. We chemically designed and synthesized PCA derivatives conjugated with alkyl esters to develop effective chemicals that have skin-whitening and antioxidant effects and enhance the pharmacological activities of PCA. We identified that melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells treated with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is decreased by PCA derivatives. We also found that PCA derivatives effectively have antioxidant effects in HS68 fibroblast cells. In this study, we suggest that our PCA derivatives are potent ingredients for developing cosmetics with skin-whitening and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Cho
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonbi Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wooshik Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhak Lee
- R&D Center, ACTIVON Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28104, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Park
- R&D Center, ACTIVON Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.J.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Se Won Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.J.); (S.W.B.)
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Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, León-Reyes G, Barajas-Olmos F, Martínez-Hernández A, Orozco L, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. The role of single nucleotide variant rs3819817 of the Histidine Ammonia-Lyase gene and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on bone mineral density, adiposity markers, and skin pigmentation, in Mexican population. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02051-1. [PMID: 36862244 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and osteoporosis have become a global public health problem. A variant in the Histidine Ammonia-Lyase (HAL) gene has been associated with VD levels and bone mineral density (BMD). However, whether this variant has an influence on VD levels and BMD in Mexican adults remain unclear. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 1,905 adults participating in the Health Worker Cohort Study and 164 indigenous postmenopausal women from the Metabolic Analysis in an Indigenous Sample (MAIS) cohort. The rs3819817 variant was genotyped by TaqMan probe assay. Total 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured by DiaSorin Liaison. BMD at the different sites was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS The prevalence of VD deficiency was 41%, showing differences between sexes. Obesity and skin pigmentation were associated with lower levels of VD in males and females. rs3819817-T allele was associated with low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VD deficiency, and hip and femoral neck BMD values (g/cm2). We found two interactions with VD levels, one between adiposity and rs3819817-T allele (P = 0.017) and another between skin pigmentation and rs3819817-T allele (P = 0.019). In indigenous postmenopausal women, we observed higher VD levels in the southern region compared to the northern region (P < 0.001); however, we did not observe differences by genotype. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that the genetic variant rs3819817 has an essential function in VD levels and BMD and suggests a role in skin pigmentation in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - A Hidalgo-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, México
| | - G León-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - F Barajas-Olmos
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - A Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - L Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - E Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - J Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - R Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México.
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141
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Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Garrigues TM, Melero A. Skin drug delivery using lipid vesicles: A starting guideline for their development. J Control Release 2023; 355:624-654. [PMID: 36775245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption when vesicle production process is optimised. It is an important challenge to design the ideal vesicle, since their properties and features are related, as changes in one affect the others. Here, we review the main components, preparation and characterization methods commonly used, and the key properties that lead to highly efficient vesicles for transdermal drug delivery purposes. We stand by size, deformability degree and drug loading, as the most important vesicle features that determine the further transdermal drug absorption. The interest in this technology is increasing, as demonstrated by the exponential growth of publications on the topic. Although long-term preservation and scalability issues have limited the commercialization of lipid vesicle products, freeze-drying and modern escalation methods overcome these difficulties, thus predicting a higher use of these technologies in the market and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Teresa M Garrigues
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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Baş Z, Sharpe J, Yaghy A, Zhang Q, Shields CL, Hyman L. Prevalence of and Associated Factors for Eyelid Cancer in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100227. [PMID: 36439695 PMCID: PMC9692036 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of eyelid cancers in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry and evaluate the associated factors. DESIGN Retrospective IRIS Registry database study. PARTICIPANTS All patients in the IRIS Registry between December 1, 2010, and December 1, 2018, with International Classification of Disease, ninth and 10th revisions, codes for eyelid cancers (basal cell carcinoma [BCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], malignant melanoma [MM], sebaceous carcinoma/other specified malignant neoplasm [SBC], melanoma in situ [MIS], and unspecified malignant neoplasm [UMN]). METHODS The prevalence of each eyelid cancer type was estimated overall and by age group, sex, race, ethnicity, and smoking status. The associations between any eyelid cancer (AEC) or each cancer type and possible risk factors were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of and associated factors for each eyelid cancer type. RESULTS There were 82 136 patients with eyelid cancer identified. The prevalence of AEC was 145.1 per 100 000 population. The cancer-specific prevalence ranged from 87.9 (BCC) to 25.6 (UMN), 11.1 (SCC), 5.0 (SBC), 4.1 (MM), and 0.4 (MIS) per 100 000 population. The prevalence of AEC and each cancer type increased with increasing age (all P < 0.0001), and the prevalence of AEC, BCC, SCC, and MM was higher in males (all P < 0.0001), MIS (P = 0.02). The prevalence of BCC, SCC, MM, SBC, and AEC was highest in Whites versus that in patients of any other race (all P < 0.0001). In the multivariate logistic regression model with associated risk factors (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and smoking status), AEC was associated with older age groups ([< 20 years reference {ref.}]; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 20-39 years: 3.35 [1.96-5.72]; 40-65 years: 24.21 [14.80-39.59]; and > 65 years: 42.78 [26.18-69.90]), male sex (female [ref.]; 1.40 [1.33-1.48]), White race (inverse associations with African Americans [0.12 {0.09-0.16}], Asians [0.19 {0.13-0.26}], others [0.59 {0.40-0.89}]), and ethnicity (non-Hispanic [ref.]; Hispanic: 0.38 [0.33-0.45]; unknown: 0.81 [0.75-0.88]). Active smoking (never smoker [ref.]) was associated with AEC (1.11 [1.01-1.21]), BCC (1.27 [1.23-1.31]), SCC (1.59 [1.46-1.73]), and MM (1.26 [1.08-1.46]). CONCLUSIONS This study reports the overall and cancer-specific prevalence of eyelid cancers using a large national clinical eye disease database. Smoking was found to be associated with AEC, BCC, SCC, and MM, which is a new observation. This epidemiologic profile of on-eyelid cancers is valuable for identifying patients at a higher risk of malignancy, allocating medical resources, and improving cancer care.
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Key Words
- AAO, American Academy of Ophthalmolog
- AEC, any eyelid cancer
- AUC, area under the curve
- BCC, basal cell carcinoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
- CI, confidence interval
- ICD, International Classification of Disease
- IRIS Registry
- IRIS, Intelligent Research in Sight
- MIS, melanoma in situ
- MM, malignant melanoma
- Malignant melanoma
- OR, odds ratio
- SBC, sebaceous carcinoma or other specified malignant neoplasm
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- Smoking
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- UMN, unspecified malignant neoplasm
- US, United States
- vs, versus
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Baş
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James Sharpe
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Yaghy
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol L. Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leslie Hyman
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Li N, Ji X, Mukherjee S, Yang B, Ren Y, Wang C, Chen Y. A Bioinspired Skin UV Filter with Broadband UV Protection, Photostability, and Resistance to Oxidative Damage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10383-10397. [PMID: 36800210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sunscreens' adverse impacts on the environment and biology have gained wide attention. The improvement of sunscreen safety has become one of the major priorities in skin photoprotection research. It is an effective strategy to develop bionic photoprotective materials by simulating the photoprotective mechanism existing in nature. Inspired by the photoprotective mechanisms of skin and plant leaves, the bionic photoprotective material CS-SA-PDA nanosheet was developed using the free radical grafting method and Michael addition, with natural melanin analogue polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles and plant sunscreen molecular sinapic acid (SA) as sun protection factors and natural polymer chitosan (CS) as the connecting arm. The results show that CS-SA-PDA can effectively shield UVB and UVA due to the possible synergistic effect between PDA and SA. The introduction of polymer CS significantly improved the photostability of SA and reduced the skin permeability of PDA nanoparticles. The CS-SA-PDA nanosheet can also effectively scavenge photoinduced free radicals. Furthermore, in vivo toxicity and anti-UV evaluations confirm that CS-SA-PDA has no skin irritation and is excellent against skin photodamage, which makes it an ideal skin photoprotective material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Changhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yashao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Molecular basis of skin photoaging and therapeutic interventions by plant-derived natural product ingredients: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13580. [PMID: 36895391 PMCID: PMC9988502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sunlight are more prone to photoaging than unexposed areas evidenced by several signs which include skin dryness, irregular pigmentation, lentigines, hyperpigmentation, wrinkling, and decreased elasticity. Plant-based natural product ingredients with therapeutic potential against skin photoaging are gaining more attention. This article aims the reviewing the research work done in exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in UV-induced skin photoaging, followed by summarizing the mechanistic insights involved in its therapeutics by natural product-based ingredients. In the mechanistic section of the convoluted procedure of photoaging, we described the effect of UV radiation (UVR) on different cellular macromolecules (direct damage) and subsequently, the deleterious consequences of UVR-generated reactive oxygen species (indirect damage) and signaling pathways activated or inhibited by UV induced ROS generation in various cellular pathologies of skin photoaging like inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune suppression. We also discussed the effect of UV radiation on the adipose tissue, and transient receptor potential cation channel V of photoaging skin. In the past few decades, mechanistic studies performed in this area have deciphered various therapeutic targets, opening avenues for different available therapeutic options against this pathological condition. So the remaining portion of the review deals with various natural product-based therapeutic agents available against skin photodamage.
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145
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Argenziano R, Alfieri ML, Gallucci N, D’Errico G, Panzella L, Napolitano A. A Model Eumelanin from 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-Carboxybutanamide Combining Remarkable Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties with a Favourable Solubility Profile for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044241. [PMID: 36835650 PMCID: PMC9961549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new synthetic melanin-related pigments that maintain the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of naturally occurring dark eumelanins, while overcoming their unfavorable solubility, and molecular heterogeneity is presently a very active issue for dermo-cosmetic purposes. In this work, we explored the potential of a melanin obtained from the carboxybutanamide of a major eumelanin biosynthetic precursor, 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), by aerobic oxidation under slightly alkaline conditions. Analysis of the pigment by EPR, ATR-FTIR and MALDI MS indicated a substantial structural similarity to DHICA melanin, while investigation of the early intermediates confirmed unchanged regiochemistry of the oxidative coupling. The pigment exhibited a UVA-visible absorption even more intense than that of DHICA melanin, and a noticeable solubility in polar solvents of dermo-cosmetic relevance. The hydrogen- and/or electron-donor ability, and the iron (III) reducing power as determined by conventional assays provided evidence for marked antioxidant properties not merely ascribable to the more favorable solubility profile, while the inhibitory action of the radical- or photosensitized solar light-induced lipid peroxidation was more marked compared to that of DHICA melanin. Overall, these results hint at this melanin, which remarkable properties are, in part, due to the electronic effects of the carboxyamide functionality as a promising functional ingredient for dermo-cosmetic formulations.
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146
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Sabockytė A, McAllister S, Coates CJ, Lim J. Effect of acute ultraviolet radiation on Galleria mellonella health and immunity. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107899. [PMID: 36806465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
For humans, acute and chronic overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause tissue damage in the form of sunburn and promote cancer(s). The immune-modulating properties of UV radiation and health-related consequences are not well known. Herein, we used the larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella, to determine UV-driven changes in cellular components of innate immunity. From immune cell (haemocyte) reactivity and the production of antimicrobial factors, these insects share many functional similarities with mammalian cellular innate immunity. After exposing insects to UVA or UVB for up to two hours, we monitored larval viability, susceptibility to infection, haemolymph (blood) physiology and faecal discharge. Prolonged exposure of larvae to UVB coincided with decreased survival, enhanced susceptibility to bacterial challenge, melanin synthesis in the haemolymph, compromised haemocyte functionality and changes in faecal (bacterial) content. We contend G. mellonella is a reliable in vivo model for assessing the impact of UV exposure at the whole organism and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušrinė Sabockytė
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Samuel McAllister
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jenson Lim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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147
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Buitrago E, Faure C, Carotti M, Bergantino E, Hardré R, Maresca M, Philouze C, Vanthuyne N, Boumendjel A, Bubacco L, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Jamet H, Réglier M, Belle C. Exploiting HOPNO-dicopper center interaction to development of inhibitors for human tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115090. [PMID: 36634457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In human, Tyrosinase enzyme (TyH) is involved in the key steps of protective pigments biosynthesis (in skin, eyes and hair). The use of molecules targeting its binuclear copper active site represents a relevant strategy to regulate TyH activities. In this work, we targeted 2-Hydroxypyridine-N-oxide analogs (HOPNO, an established chelating group for the tyrosinase dicopper active site) with the aim to combine effects induced by combination with a reference inhibitor (kojic acid) or natural substrate (tyrosine). The HOPNO-MeOH (3) and the racemic amino acid HOPNO-AA compounds (11) were tested on purified tyrosinases from different sources (fungal, bacterial and human) for comparison purposes. Both compounds have more potent inhibitory activities than the parent HOPNO moiety and display strictly competitive inhibition constant, in particular with human tyrosinase. Furthermore, 11 appears to be the most active on the B16-F1 mammal melanoma cells. The investigations were completed by stereospecificity analysis. Racemic mixture of the fully protected amino acid 10 was separated by chiral HPLC into the corresponding enantiomers. Assignment of the absolute configuration of the deprotected compounds was completed, based on X-ray crystallography. The inhibition activities on melanin production were tested on lysates and whole human melanoma MNT-1 cells. Results showed significant enhancement of the inhibitory effects for the (S) enantiomer compared to the (R) enantiomer. Computational studies led to an explanation of this difference of activity based for both enantiomers on the respective position of the amino acid group versus the HOPNO plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Clarisse Faure
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
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148
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Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Geng Q, Guan C, Xu J, Xie B, Song X. Tranexamic acid may promote melanocores clustering in keratinocytes through upregulation of Rab5b. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36779692 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a promising therapeutic agent in melasma that can act on multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms of melasma. However, it is unclear whether TXA affects melanin in keratinocytes. To explore the effect of TXA on melanocores in keratinocytes. The melanocore-incorporated keratinocytes were constructed by co-incubating normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) with melanocores. After being treated with TXA, autophagy- and melanin-related protein expressions were detected. Then, transcriptome sequencing was used to compare the genetic changes in melanocore-incorporated keratinocytes before and after TXA treatment and further verified the differentially expressed genes. At the same time, the distribution of melanocores in human keratinocytes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that TXA does not promote melanin degradation in primary keratinocytes by inducing autophagy. Protein transport and intracellular protein transport-related genes were enriched after TXA treatment, and Rab5b was significantly upregulated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the percentage of melanocores distributed in clusters increased after treatment with TXA, which was reduced after Rab5b silencing. In addition, results suggested that melanocores could colocalize with Rab5b and lysosome-associated membrane protein1 (LAMP1). Our study found that Rab5b may be involved in the melanocore distribution in keratinocytes. TXA may promote the clustering distribution of endocytic melanocores through upregulation of Rab5b, representing a potential mechanism of TXA treatment against melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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149
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Hosseini Nasab N, Raza H, Eom YS, Hassan M, Kloczkowski A, Kim SJ. Synthesis and discovery of potential tyrosinase inhibitor of new coumarin-based thiophenyl-pyrazolylthiazole nuclei: In vitro evaluation, cytotoxicity, kinetic, and computational studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:1262-1272. [PMID: 36746678 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A well-known key enzyme in melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation is tyrosinase. The present study introduces a novel series of thiophenyl-pyrazolylthiazole-coumarin hybrids (6a-6h) as tyrosinase inhibitors. The in-vitro tyrosinase inhibition results indicated that all compounds have strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, particularly compound 6g (IC50 = 0.043 ± 0.006 μM), was identified as the most active compound compared to the positive control (kojic acid, IC50 = 18.521 ± 1.162 μM). Lineweaver-Burk plots were employed to analyze the kinetic mechanism, and compound 6g formed an enzyme-inhibitor complex by inhibiting tyrosinase non-competitively. Furthermore, all compounds demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity against DPPH. MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxicity of all compounds on B16F10 melanoma cells, and they had no toxic effect on the cells. The binding affinity of compounds with tyrosinase was also investigated using molecular docking, and the ligands displayed good binding energy values. These molecules could be a promising lead for skin pigmentation and associated diseases as nontoxic pharmacological scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hosseini Nasab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
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Zhou S, Yamada R, Sakamoto K. Low energy multiple blue light-emitting diode light Irradiation promotes melanin synthesis and induces DNA damage in B16F10 melanoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281062. [PMID: 36730244 PMCID: PMC9894472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible light is present everywhere in our lives. Widespread use of computers and smartphones has increased the daily time spent in front of screens. What effect does this visible light have on us? Recent studies have shown that short-wavelength blue light (400-450nm) irradiation, similar to UV, inhibits the cell proliferation and differentiation, induces the intracellular oxidative stress, promotes the cell apoptosis and causes some other negative effects. However, it's unusual that directly face to such short-wavelength and high-energy blue light in daily life. Therefore, the effects of blue light with longer wavelength (470nm), lower energy (1, 2 J/cm2) and multiple times (simulated daily use) exposure on cells have been studied in this experiment. In our results, low energy density multiple blue light inhibited cell proliferation and metastatic capability with a weak phototoxicity. Blue light also promoted intracellular reactive oxygen species and caused DNA damage. Furthermore, the melanin synthesis was also promoted by low energy density multiple blue light exposure. Together, these results indicate that longer wavelength and low energy density blue light multiple exposure is still harmful to our cells. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to screens likely induces dull skin through induction of melanin synthesis. These results further mentioned us should paid more attention to controlling the daily use of digital device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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