101
|
Aleksandrova LR, Wang YT, Phillips AG. Evaluation of the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression and the role of synaptic plasticity in depression and antidepressant response. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
102
|
Colgrove YM, Gravino-Dunn NS, Dinyer SC, Sis EA, Heier AC, Sharma NK. Physical and Physiological Effects of Yoga for an Underserved Population with Chronic Low Back Pain. Int J Yoga 2019; 12:252-264. [PMID: 31543635 PMCID: PMC6746048 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_78_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yoga has been shown useful in reducing chronic low back pain (CLBP) through largely unknown mechanisms. The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility of providing yoga intervention to a predominantly underserved population and explore the potential mechanisms underlying yoga intervention in improving CLBP pain. Methods The quasi-experimental within-subject wait-listed crossover design targeted the recruitment of low-income participants who received twice-weekly group yoga for 12 weeks, following 6-12 weeks of no intervention. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, preintervention (6-12 weeks following baseline), and then postintervention. Outcome measures included pain, disability, core strength, flexibility, and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α protein levels. Outcomes measures were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and paired one-tailed t-tests. Results Eight patients completed the intervention. Significant improvements in pain scores measured over time were supported by the significant improvement in pre- and post-yoga session pain scores. Significant improvements were also seen in the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores, spinal and hip flexor flexibility, and strength of core muscles following yoga. Six participants saw a 28.6%-100% reduction of TNF-α plasma protein levels after yoga, while one showed an 82.4% increase. Two participants had no detectable levels to begin with. Brain imaging analysis shows interesting increases in N-acetylaspartate in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Conclusion Yoga appears effective in reducing pain and disability in a low-income CLBP population and in part works by increasing flexibility and core strength. Changes in TNF-α protein levels should be further investigated for its influence on pain pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Colgrove
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole S Gravino-Dunn
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah C Dinyer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Emily A Sis
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexa C Heier
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Neena K Sharma
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Watanasriyakul WT, Normann MC, Akinbo OI, Colburn W, Dagner A, Grippo AJ. Protective neuroendocrine effects of environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise against social isolation: evidence for mediation by limbic structures. Stress 2019; 22:603-618. [PMID: 31134849 PMCID: PMC6690777 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1617691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that loneliness and social isolation may contribute to behavioral disorders and neurobiological dysfunction. Environmental enrichment (EE), including both cognitive and physical stimulation, may prevent some behavioral, endocrine, and cardiovascular consequences of social isolation; however, specific neural mechanisms for these benefits are still unclear. Therefore, this study examined potential neuroendocrine protective effects of both EE and exercise. Adult female prairie voles were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: paired control, social isolation/sedentary, social isolation/EE, and social isolation/voluntary exercise. All isolated animals were housed individually for 8 weeks, while paired animals were housed with their respective sibling for 8 weeks. Animals in the EE and voluntary exercise conditions received EE items (including a running wheel) and a running wheel only, respectively, at week 4 of the isolation period. At the end of the experiment, plasma and brains were collected from all animals for corticosterone and FosB and delta FosB (FosB/ΔFosB) - immunoreactivity in stress-related brain regions. Overall, social isolation increased neuroendocrine stress responses, as reflected by the elevation of corticosterone levels and increased FosB/ΔFosB-immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) compared to paired animals; EE and voluntary exercise attenuated these increases. EE and exercise also increased FosB/ΔFosB-immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared to other conditions. Limbic structures statistically mediated hypothalamic immunoreactivity in EE and exercise animals. This research has translational value for socially isolated individuals by informing our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying responses to social stressors. Highlights Prolonged social isolation increased basal corticosterone levels and basolateral amygdala immunoreactivity. Environmental enrichment and exercise buffered corticosterone elevations and basolateral amygdala hyperactivity. Protective effects of environmental enrichment and exercise may be mediated by medial prefrontal cortex and limbic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marigny C Normann
- a Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| | - Oreoluwa I Akinbo
- a Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| | - William Colburn
- a Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- a Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| | - Angela J Grippo
- a Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Nuamah JK, Mantooth W, Karthikeyan R, Mehta RK, Ryu SC. Neural Efficiency of Human-Robotic Feedback Modalities Under Stress Differs With Gender. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:287. [PMID: 31543765 PMCID: PMC6729110 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory feedback, which can be presented in different modalities - single and combined, aids task performance in human-robotic interaction (HRI). However, combining feedback modalities does not always lead to optimal performance. Indeed, it is not known how feedback modalities affect operator performance under stress. Furthermore, there is limited information on how feedback affects neural processes differently for males and females and under stress. This is a critical gap in the literature, particularly in the domain of surgical robotics, where surgeons are under challenging socio-technical environments that burden them physiologically. In the present study, we posited operator performance as the summation of task performance and neurophysiological cost of maintaining that performance. In a within-subject design, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to assess cerebral activations of 12 participants who underwent a 3D manipulation task within a virtual environment with concurrent feedback (visual and visual + haptic) in the presence and absence of a cognitive stressor. Cognitive stress was induced with the serial-7 subtraction test. We found that while task performance was higher with visual than visual + haptic feedback, it degraded under stress. The two feedback modalities were found to be associated with varying neural activities and neural efficiencies, and these were stress- and gender-dependent. Our findings engender further investigation into effectiveness of feedback modalities on males and females under stressful conditions in HRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Nuamah
- NeuroErgonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Whitney Mantooth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rohith Karthikeyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ranjana K. Mehta
- NeuroErgonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Seok Chang Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Page CE, Coutellier L. Prefrontal excitatory/inhibitory balance in stress and emotional disorders: Evidence for over-inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:39-51. [PMID: 31377218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress-induced emotional disorders like anxiety and depression involve imbalances between the excitatory glutamatergic system and the inhibitory GABAergic system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the precise nature and trajectory of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalances in these conditions is not clear, with the literature reporting glutamatergic and GABAergic findings that are at times contradictory and inconclusive. Here we propose and discuss the hypothesis that chronic stress-induced emotional dysfunction involves hypoactivity of the PFC due to increased inhibition. We will also discuss E/I imbalances in the context of sex differences. In this review, we will synthesize research about how glutamatergic and GABAergic systems are perturbed by chronic stress and in related emotional disorders like anxiety and depression and propose ideas for reconciling contradictory findings in support of the hypothesis of over-inhibition. We will also discuss evidence for how aspects of the GABAergic system such as parvalbumin (PV) cells can be targeted therapeutically for reinstating activity and plasticity in the PFC and treating stress-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Song C, Orlandi C, Sutton LP, Martemyanov KA. The signaling proteins GPR158 and RGS7 modulate excitability of L2/3 pyramidal neurons and control A-type potassium channel in the prelimbic cortex. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13145-13157. [PMID: 31311860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress profoundly affects physiological properties of neurons across brain circuits and thereby increases the risk for depression. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. In this study, we report that chronic physical restraint stress in mice decreases excitability specifically in layer 2/3 of pyramidal neurons within the prelimbic subarea of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) accompanied by the induction of depressive-like behavioral states. We found that a complex between G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) 158 (GPR158) and regulator of G protein signaling 7 (RGS7), a regulatory GPCR signaling node recently discovered to be a key modulator of affective behaviors, plays a key role in controlling stress-induced changes in excitability in this neuronal population. Deletion of GPR158 or RGS7 enhanced excitability of layer 2/3 PFC neurons and prevented the impact of stress. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that the A-type potassium channel Kv4.2 subunit is a molecular target of the GPR158-RGS7 complex. We further report that GPR158 physically associates with Kv4.2 channel and promotes its function by suppressing inhibitory modulation by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. Taken together, our observations reveal a critical mechanism that adjusts neuronal excitability in L2/3 pyramidal neurons of the PFC and may thereby modulate the effects of stress on depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Song
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Laurie P Sutton
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Klarer M, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Arnold M, Langhans W, Meyer U. Abdominal vagal deafferentation alters affective behaviors in rats. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:404-412. [PMID: 31003109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for a role of abnormal gut-brain signaling in disorders involving altered mood and affect, including depression. Studies using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) suggest that the disruption of vagal afferent signaling may contribute to these abnormalities. To test this hypothesis, we used a rat model of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA), the most complete and selective vagal deafferentation method existing to date, to study the consequences of complete disconnection of abdominal vagal afferents on affective behaviors. METHODS SDA- and Sham-operated male rats were subjected to several tests that are commonly used in preclinical rodent models to assess the presence of anhedonic behavior, namely the novel object-induced exploration test, the novelty-suppressed eating test, and the sucrose preference test. In addition, we compared SDA and Sham rats in a social interaction test and the forced swim test to assess sociability and behavioral despair, respectively. RESULTS Compared to Sham controls, SDA rats consistently displayed signs of anhedonic behavior in all test settings used. SDA rats also showed increased immobility and reduced swimming in the forced swim test, whereas they did not differ from Sham controls with regards to social approach behavior. LIMITATIONS This study was conducted in male rats only. Hence, possible sex-specific effects of SDA on affective behaviors remained unexamined. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that hedonic behavior and behavioral despair are subject to visceral modulation through abdominal vagal afferents. These data are compatible with preclinical models and clinical trials showing beneficial effects of VNS on depression-like and affective behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Klarer
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
McNeal N, Watanasriyakul WT, Normann MC, Akinbo OI, Dagner A, Ihm E, Wardwell J, Grippo AJ. The negative effects of social bond disruption are partially ameliorated by sertraline administration in prairie voles. Auton Neurosci 2019; 219:5-18. [PMID: 31122602 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Negative social experiences influence both depression and cardiovascular dysfunction. Many individuals who experience negative mood states or cardiovascular conditions have limited social support. Therefore, investigation of drug treatments that may protect against the consequences of social stress will aid in designing effective treatment strategies. The current study used an animal model to evaluate the protective effect of sertraline administration on behavioral and cardiovascular consequences of social stress. Specifically, male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), which are socially monogamous rodents that share several behavioral and physiological characteristics with humans, were isolated from a socially-bonded female partner, and treated with sertraline (16 mg/kg/day, ip) or vehicle during isolation. Unexpectedly, sertraline did not protect against depression-relevant behaviors, and it was associated with increased short- and long-term heart rate responses. However, sertraline administration improved heart rate variability recovery following a behavioral stressor, including increased parasympathetic regulation, and altered long-term neuronal activity in brain regions that modulate autonomic control and stress reactivity. These results indicate that sertraline may partially protect against the consequences of social stressors, and suggest a mechanism through which sertraline may beneficially influence neurobiological control of cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal McNeal
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Marigny C Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Oreoluwa I Akinbo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Elliott Ihm
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Wardwell
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Angela J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Insulin-stimulated mTOR activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with early treatment response to lithium augmentation in rodent model of antidepressant-resistance. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:113. [PMID: 30877268 PMCID: PMC6420640 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been shown to have some therapeutic efficacy as an adjunctive treatment for intractable forms of major depression. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) have been implicated in its putative mechanisms of action. These proteins are integral components of the insulin signaling pathway, which may serve as a critical co-regulator of drug action. Utilizing an animal model of tricyclic antidepressant resistance, we investigated the relationship between insulin signaling and antidepressant response to lithium augmentation. Pre-treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 100 µg/day i.p.) for 14 days effectively blocked the immobility-reducing effects of an acute dose of imipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.) in the forced swim test (FST). Lithium augmentation (100 mg/kg i.p.) rescued the antidepressant-like effects of imipramine in this model. Total and phosphorylated (p) levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mTOR, and GSK3β protein were quantified in the infralimbic cortex (ILPFC) following FST stress via Western blot. Levels of mTOR and pmTOR were further quantified in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following insulin stimulation (10 mg/mL for 5 min) via ELISA. Elevated levels of phosphorylated insulin signaling proteins were present in the ILPFC of ACTH-pretreated animals that received both imipramine and lithium, together with a concurrent increase in mTOR activation in PBMCs. Large correlations were observed between immobility time and insulin-stimulated mTOR levels in PBMCs. We propose that PBMC insulin challenge may be a useful probe for predicting antidepressant response to lithium administration, and potentially other therapies acting via similar mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
110
|
de Kloet ER, de Kloet SF, de Kloet CS, de Kloet AD. Top-down and bottom-up control of stress-coping. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12675. [PMID: 30578574 PMCID: PMC6519262 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this 30th anniversary issue review, we focus on the glucocorticoid modulation of limbic-prefrontocortical circuitry during stress-coping. This action of the stress hormone is mediated by mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) that are co-expressed abundantly in these higher brain regions. Via both receptor types, the glucocorticoids demonstrate, in various contexts, rapid nongenomic and slower genomic actions that coordinate consecutive stages of information processing. MR-mediated action optimises stress-coping, whereas, in a complementary fashion, the memory storage of the selected coping strategy is promoted via GR. We highlight the involvement of adipose tissue in the allocation of energy resources to central regulation of stress reactions, point to still poorly understood neuronal ensembles in the prefrontal cortex that underlie cognitive flexibility critical for effective coping, and evaluate the role of cortisol as a pleiotropic regulator in vulnerability to, and treatment of, trauma-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edo R. de Kloet
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sybren F. de Kloet
- Department of Integrative NeurophysiologyCenter for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVU‐University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Annette D. de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Onaka T, Takayanagi Y. Role of oxytocin in the control of stress and food intake. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12700. [PMID: 30786104 PMCID: PMC7217012 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin neurones in the hypothalamus are activated by stressful stimuli and food intake. The oxytocin receptor is located in various brain regions, including the sensory information-processing cerebral cortex; the cognitive information-processing prefrontal cortex; reward-related regions such as the ventral tegmental areas, nucleus accumbens and raphe nucleus; stress-related areas such as the amygdala, hippocampus, ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray; homeostasis-controlling hypothalamus; and the dorsal motor complex controlling intestinal functions. Oxytocin affects behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses and terminates food intake by acting on the metabolic or nutritional homeostasis system, modulating emotional processing, reducing reward values of food intake, and facilitating sensory and cognitive processing via multiple brain regions. Oxytocin also plays a role in interactive actions between stress and food intake and contributes to adaptive active coping behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and NeurophysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsuke‐shiJapan
| | - Yuki Takayanagi
- Division of Brain and NeurophysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsuke‐shiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Grupe DW, Imhoff-Smith T, Wielgosz J, Nitschke JB, Davidson RJ. A common neural substrate for elevated PTSD symptoms and reduced pulse rate variability in combat-exposed veterans. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13352. [PMID: 30793774 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may temporally precede the onset of the disorder. A separate line of functional neuroimaging research in PTSD has consistently demonstrated hypoactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a key aspect of a descending neuromodulatory system that exerts inhibitory control over heart rate. No research to date, however, has simultaneously investigated whether altered vmPFC activation is associated with reduced HRV and elevated PTSD symptoms in the same individuals. Here, we collected fMRI data during alternating conditions of threat of shock and safety from shock in 51 male combat-exposed veterans with either high or low levels of PTSD symptoms. Pulse rate variability (PRV)-a HRV surrogate calculated from pulse oximetry-was assessed during a subsequent resting scan. Correlational analyses tested for hypothesized relationships between reduced vmPFC activation, lower PRV, and elevated PTSD symptomatology. We found that PTSD re-experiencing symptoms were inversely associated with high-frequency (HF)-PRV, thought to primarily reflect parasympathetic control of heart rate, in veterans with elevated PTSD symptoms. Reduced vmPFC activation for the contrast of safety-threat was associated both with lower HF-PRV and elevated PTSD re-experiencing symptoms. These results tie together previous observations of reduced HRV/PRV and impaired vmPFC function in PTSD and call for further research on reciprocal brain-body relationships in understanding PTSD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ted Imhoff-Smith
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph Wielgosz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Sierra Pacific MIRECC, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jack B Nitschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Benatti C, Radighieri G, Alboni S, Blom JMC, Brunello N, Tascedda F. Modulation of neuroplasticity-related targets following stress-induced acute escape deficit. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:140-148. [PMID: 30771367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding resilience is a major challenge to improve current pharmacological therapies aimed at complementing psychological-based approaches of stress-related disorders. In particular, resilience is a multi-factorial construct where the complex network of molecular events that drive the process still needs to be resolved. Here, we exploit the acute escape deficit model, an animal model based on exposure to acute unavoidable stress followed by an escape test, to define vulnerable and resilient phenotypes in rats. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), two of the brain areas most involved in the stress response, were analysed for gene expression at two different time points (3 and 24 h) after the escape test. Total Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) was highly responsive in the PFC at 24-h after the escape test, while expression of BDNF transcript IV increased in the hippocampus of resistant animals 3 h post-test. Expression of memory enhancers like Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) decreased in a time- and region-dependent fashion in both behavioural phenotypes. Also, the memory inhibitor Protein Phosphatase 1 (Ppp1ca) was increased in the hippocampus of resilient rats at 3 h post-test. Given the importance of neurotrophic factors and synaptic plasticity-related genes for the development of appropriate coping strategies, our data contribute to an additional step forward in the comprehension of the psychobiology of stress and resiliency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Radighieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - S Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - J M C Blom
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Antonio Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - N Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
5-HT 2A receptor loss does not alter acute fluoxetine-induced anxiety and exhibit sex-dependent regulation of cortical immediate early gene expression. Neuronal Signal 2019; 3:NS20180205. [PMID: 32714597 PMCID: PMC7363295 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine (Flx), induces anxiety-like behavioral effects. The serotonin2A receptor (5-HT2A) is implicated in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior, however its contribution to the anxiogenic effects of acute Flx remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in the effects of acute Flx on anxiety-like behavior, serum corticosterone levels, neural activation and immediate early gene (IEG) expression in stress-responsive brain regions, using 5-HT2A receptor knockout (5-HT2A−/−) mice of both sexes. Methods: 5-HT2A−/− and wild-type (WT) male and female mice received a single administration of Flx or vehicle, and were examined for anxiety-like behavior, serum corticosterone levels, FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog peptide (c-Fos) positive cell numbers in stress-responsive brain regions of the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and PFC IEG expression. Results: The increased anxiety-like behavior and enhanced corticosterone levels evoked by acute Flx were unaltered in 5-HT2A−/− mice of both sexes. 5-HT2A−/− female mice exhibited a diminished neural activation in the hypothalamus in response to acute Flx. Further, 5-HT2A−/− male, but not female, mice displayed altered baseline expression of several IEGs (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Egr2, Egr4, FBJ osteosarcoma gene (Fos), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (Fosb), Fos-like antigen 2 (Fosl2), Homer scaffolding protein (Homer) 1-3 (Homer1-3), Jun proto-oncogene (Jun)) in the PFC. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the increased anxiety and serum corticosterone levels evoked by acute Flx are not influenced by 5-HT2A receptor deficiency. However, the loss of function of the 5-HT2A receptor alters the degree of neural activation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to acute Flx, and baseline expression of several IEGs in the PFC in a sexually dimorphic manner.
Collapse
|
115
|
Constantinof A, Moisiadis VG, Kostaki A, Szyf M, Matthews SG. Antenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Results in Sex-Specific and Transgenerational Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Gene Transcription that Relate to Behavioural Outcomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:764. [PMID: 30679753 PMCID: PMC6346022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC) are administered to women at risk for pre-term delivery to reduce respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is important in regulating stress responses and related behaviours and expresses high levels of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Further, antenatal exposure to sGC results in a hyperactive phenotype in first generation (F1) juvenile male and female offspring, as well as F2 and F3 juvenile females from the paternal lineage. We hypothesized that multiple courses of antenatal sGC modify gene expression in the PFC, that these effects are sex-specific and maintained across multiple generations, and that the gene sets affected relate to modified locomotor activity. We performed RNA sequencing on PFC of F1 juvenile males and females, as well as F2 and F3 juvenile females from the paternal lineage and used regression modelling to relate gene expression and behavior. Antenatal sGC resulted in sex-specific and generation-specific changes in gene expression. Further, the expression of 4 genes (C9orf116, Calb1, Glra3, and Gpr52) explained 20–29% of the observed variability in locomotor activity. Antenatal exposure to sGC profoundly influences the developing PFC; effects are evident across multiple generations and may drive altered behavioural phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Constantinof
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Vasilis G Moisiadis
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alisa Kostaki
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Antoni FA. Magnocellular Vasopressin and the Mechanism of "Glucocorticoid Escape". Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31297096 PMCID: PMC6607413 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei participate in the control of adrenocorticotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary gland. However, it remains to be explored in further detail, when and how these multifunctional neurons are involved in the control of anterior pituitary function. This paper highlights the role of magnocellular vasopressin in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis with special reference to escape from glucocorticoid feedback inhibition. The signaling mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid escape by pituitary corticotrope cells, as well as the wider physiologic and pathologic contexts in which escape is known to occur-namely strenuous exercise, and autoimmune inflammation will be considered. It is proposed that by inducing escape from glucocorticoid feedback inhibition at the pituitary level, magnocellular vasopressin is critically important for the anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant actions of endogenous corticosteroids.
Collapse
|
117
|
Wood M, Adil O, Wallace T, Fourman S, Wilson SP, Herman JP, Myers B. Infralimbic prefrontal cortex structural and functional connectivity with the limbic forebrain: a combined viral genetic and optogenetic analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:73-97. [PMID: 30269223 PMCID: PMC6369015 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex is critical for contextual appraisal, executive function, and goal-directed behavior. Additionally, the infralimbic (IL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in stress responding, mood, and fear memory. However, the specific circuit mechanisms that mediate these effects are largely unknown. To date, IL output to the limbic forebrain has been examined largely qualitatively or within a restricted number of sites. To quantify IL presynaptic input to structures throughout the forebrain, we utilized a lentiviral construct expressing synaptophysin-mCherry. Thus, allowing quantification of IL efferents that are specifically synaptic, as opposed to fibers of passage. Additionally, this approach permitted the determination of IL innervation on a sub-structural level within the multiple heterogeneous limbic nuclei. To examine the functional output of the IL, optogenetic activation of IL projections was followed by quantification of neuronal activation throughout the limbic forebrain via fos-related antigen (Fra). Quantification of synaptophysin-mCherry indicated that the IL provides robust synaptic input to a number of regions within the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, with limited input to the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, there was high concordance between structural connectivity and functional activation. Interestingly, some regions receiving substantial synaptic input did not exhibit significant increases in Fra-immunoreactivity. Collectively, these studies represent a step toward a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of output circuits. This large-scale efferent quantification or 'projectome' also opens the door for data-driven analyses of the downstream synaptic mechanisms that mediate the integrative aspects of cortico-limbic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Wood
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Othman Adil
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Wallace
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Fourman
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steven P Wilson
- Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brent Myers
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Clustering a large Spanish sample of patients with fibromyalgia using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire–Revised: differences in clinical outcomes, economic costs, inflammatory markers, and gray matter volumes. Pain 2018; 160:908-921. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
119
|
Todorović N, Mićić B, Schwirtlich M, Stevanović M, Filipović D. Subregion-specific Protective Effects of Fluoxetine and Clozapine on Parvalbumin Expression in Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Chronically Isolated Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 396:24-35. [PMID: 30448452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of GABAergic system is becoming increasingly associated with depression, psychiatric disorder that imposes severe clinical, social and economic burden. Special attention is paid to the fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, GABAergic neurons which are highly susceptible to redox dysregulation and oxidative stress and implicated in a variety of psychiatric diseases. Here we analyzed the number of PV+ and cleaved caspase-3-positive (CC3+) cells in the rat medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) subregions following chronic social isolation (CSIS), an animal model of depression and schizophrenia. Also, we examined potential protective effects of antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) and atypical antipsychotic clozapine (CLZ) on the number of these cells in mPFC subregions, when applied parallel with CSIS in doses that correspond to therapeutically effective ones in patients. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed decreased number of PV+ cells in cingulate cortex area 1, prelimbic area (PrL), infralimbic area (IL) and dorsal peduncular cortex of the mPFC in isolated rats, which coincided with depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, CSIS-induced increase in the number of CC3+ cells was detected in aforementioned subregions of mPFC. Treatments with either FLX or CLZ prevented behavioral changes, decrease in PV+ and increase in CC3+ cell numbers in PrL and IL subregions in isolated rats. These results indicate the importance of intact GABAergic signaling in these areas for resistance against CSIS-induced behavioral changes, as well as subregion-specific protective effects of FLX and CLZ in mPFC of CSIS rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Mićić
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Stevanović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia. http://www.vinca.rs
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
No association between cardiometabolic risk and neural reactivity to acute psychosocial stress. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:1115-1122. [PMID: 30380518 PMCID: PMC6205354 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Exaggerated reactivity to acute psychosocial stress is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. A dysfunction of the cortico-limbic network coordinating the peripheral adaptation to acute stress exposure may constitute a brain mechanism underlying this association. We opted to characterize the changes of this network associated with acute psychosocial stress exposure in individuals with low and high cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Methods In 57 subjects without overt cardiac or cerebral disease, the Framingham risk score and presence/absence of type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome defined CMR. Psychosocial stress was induced during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain activity by an established social threat paradigm. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure and saliva cortisol quantified the peripheral stress reaction. Regression analyses for the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula and regulatory prefrontal regions evaluated the association of stress-associated brain activation and CMR. Results Psychosocial stress exposure was associated with an increased activity of a brain network including anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, putamen, insula, parahippocampus and right hippocampus. Psychosocial stress-associated brain activation did neither covary with Framingham risk score nor differ between groups with low or high CMR. Conclusion Exposure to acute psychosocial stress induces the activation of a well-defined cortico-limbic network. However, we did not find an association between CMR and this network's stress reactivity. We successfully induced psychosocial stress during the fMRI session. A cortico-limbic network changed activity with acute stress exposure. Stress-associated brain activation did not covary with the Framingham risk score, a cardiometabolic risk marker. Stress-associated brain activation did not differ between groups with low versus high cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
|
121
|
Fournier A, Mondillon L, Dantzer C, Gauchez AS, Ducros V, Mathieu N, Faure P, Canini F, Bonaz B, Pellissier S. Emotional overactivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13387. [PMID: 29856118 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negativity is often observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). No study has examined their emotional expressiveness as a marker of emotional reactivity. We investigated IBS patients' vulnerability to an emotional load by associating their expressiveness with psychological and neurophysiological assessments. We hypothesized that IBS would be characterized by a lack of expressiveness coupled with high scores in psychological and neurophysiological parameters. METHODS We assessed the emotional facial expressions (EMFACS), psychological (anxiety, depression, alexithymia), and neurophysiological (cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV)) parameters of 25 IBS patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) while they watched fear-eliciting movie extracts. KEY RESULTS Overall, the task elicited an increase in state anxiety and consistent HRV responses. However, IBS patients differed from HC as they displayed more sadness and tended to display more rage. Contrary to HC, IBS patients showed an increase in heart rate and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation, reflecting an enhanced responsiveness corroborated by higher scores in depression and state anxiety. Consistent with their higher difficulty in identifying feelings, a component of alexithymia positively correlated with their expressions of rage, they were not aware of their increase in anxiety during the task, whereas HC were. No linear relationship between patients' expressions and their neurophysiological responses was found. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Irritable bowel syndrome patients displayed greater emotional expressiveness with negative prevalence. This reflects an emotional vulnerability potentially related to low regulation skills and underscores the importance of considering the central dysregulation hypothesis in IBS as a promising avenue of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fournier
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Mondillon
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Dantzer
- Laboratory of Psychology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - A-S Gauchez
- Biology Institute, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - V Ducros
- Biology Institute, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - N Mathieu
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Grenoble, France
| | - P Faure
- Biology Institute, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Grenoble, France.,Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory (H2P, INSERM U1042), Grenoble, France
| | - F Canini
- Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,Ecole du Val de Grâce, Paris, France
| | - B Bonaz
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Grenoble, France.,Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory (H2P, INSERM U1042), Grenoble, France.,Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,Ecole du Val de Grâce, Paris, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (GIN), INSERM, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - S Pellissier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Nosjean A, de Chaumont F, Olivo-Marin JC, Granon S. Stress-induced brain activation: buffering role of social behavior and neuronal nicotinic receptors. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4259-4274. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
123
|
Mickey BJ, Ginsburg Y, Sitzmann AF, Grayhack C, Sen S, Kirschbaum C, Maixner DF, Abelson JL. Cortisol trajectory, melancholia, and response to electroconvulsive therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:46-53. [PMID: 29775916 PMCID: PMC6457450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While biomarkers have been used to define pathophysiological types and to optimize treatment in many areas of medicine, in psychiatry such biomarkers remain elusive. Based on previously described abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in severe forms of depression, we hypothesized that the temporal trajectory of basal cortisol levels would vary among individuals with depression due to heterogeneity in pathophysiology, and that cortisol trajectories that reflect elevated or increasing HPA activity would predict better response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To test that hypothesis, we sampled scalp hair from 39 subjects with treatment-resistant depression just before ECT. Cortisol trajectory over the 12 weeks preceding ECT was reconstructed from cortisol concentrations in sequential hair segments. Cortisol trajectories varied widely between individuals, and exploratory analyses of clinical features revealed associations with melancholia and global severity. ECT non-responders showed a decreasing trajectory (mean change -25%, 95%-CI = [-1%,-43%]) during the 8 weeks preceding ECT (group-by-time interaction, p = 0.004). The association between cortisol trajectory and subsequent ECT response was independent of clinical features. A classification algorithm showed that cortisol trajectory predicted ECT response with 80% accuracy, suggesting that this biomarker might be developed into a clinically useful test for ECT-responsive depression. In conclusion, cortisol trajectory mapped onto symptoms of melancholia and independently predicted response to ECT in this severely depressed sample. These findings deserve to be replicated in a larger sample. Cortisol trajectory holds promise as a reliable, noninvasive, inexpensive biomarker for psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yarden Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Adam F. Sitzmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Clara Grayhack
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Srijan Sen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel F. Maixner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - James L. Abelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Lin CC, Huang KL, Tung CS, Liu YP. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy restored traumatic stress-induced dysregulation of fear memory and related neurochemical abnormalities. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:861-870. [PMID: 30056129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by fear memory problems and hypocortisolemia of which traumatic stress-induced monoaminergic disruption over infralimbic (IL) cortex is considered the key mechanism. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has recently proven its utility in treating several mental disorders but remains unexplored for PTSD. The present study aimed to examine the effects of 5-day HBO paradigm on traumatic stress (single prolonged stress, SPS, an animal model of PTSD)-induced dysregulation of fear memory/anxiety profiles and related abnormalities in IL monoamines and plasma corticosterone. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups (CON-sham, CON-HBOT, SPS-sham, and SPS-HBOT) and received Pavlovian fear conditioning test or elevated-T maze (ETM). The extracellular and tissue levels of monoamines over the IL cortex and the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (i.e., the plasma corticosterone level and expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the IL, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) were measured. The results demonstrated that HBOT restored behaviorally the SPS-impaired fear extinction retrieval ability and SPS-induced conditioned anxiety, and neurochemically the SPS-reduced IL monoamines efflux level, and the corticosterone profiles. The present study shows some positive effects of HBOT in both behavioral and neurochemical profiles of PTSD outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Se Tung
- Division of Medical Research and Education, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yia-Ping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Reduced resting-state functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex in preweaning rats exposed to chronic early-life stress. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3711-3729. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
126
|
McReynolds JR, Doncheck EM, Li Y, Vranjkovic O, Graf EN, Ogasawara D, Cravatt BF, Baker DA, Liu QS, Hillard CJ, Mantsch JR. Stress Promotes Drug Seeking Through Glucocorticoid-Dependent Endocannabinoid Mobilization in the Prelimbic Cortex. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:85-94. [PMID: 29100630 PMCID: PMC5889367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical reports suggest that rather than directly driving cocaine use, stress may create a biological context within which other triggers for drug use become more potent. We hypothesize that stress-induced increases in corticosterone "set the stage" for relapse by promoting endocannabinoid-induced attenuation of inhibitory transmission in the prelimbic cortex (PL). METHODS We have established a rat model for these stage-setting effects of stress. In this model, neither a stressor (electric footshock) nor stress-level corticosterone treatment alone reinstates cocaine seeking following self-administration and extinction, but each treatment potentiates reinstatement in response to an otherwise subthreshold cocaine priming dose (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The contributions of endocannabinoid signaling in the PL to the effects of stress-level corticosterone on PL neurotransmission and cocaine seeking were determined using intra-PL microinfusions. Endocannabinoid-dependent effects of corticosterone on inhibitory synaptic transmission in the rat PL were determined using whole-cell recordings in layer V pyramidal neurons. RESULTS Corticosterone application attenuated inhibitory synaptic transmission in the PL via cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R)- and 2-arachidonoylglycerol-dependent inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid release without altering postsynaptic responses. The ability of systemic stress-level corticosterone treatment to potentiate cocaine-primed reinstatement was recapitulated by intra-PL injection of corticosterone, the CB1R agonist WIN 55,212-2, or the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor URB602. Corticosterone effects on reinstatement were attenuated by intra-PL injections of either the CB1R antagonist, AM251, or the diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, DO34. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that stress-induced increases in corticosterone promote cocaine seeking by mobilizing 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the PL, resulting in CB1R-mediated attenuation of inhibitory transmission in this brain region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayme R. McReynolds
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Oliver Vranjkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Evan N. Graf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David A. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Qing-song Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Cecilia J. Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - John R. Mantsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Girotti M, Adler SM, Bulin SE, Fucich EA, Paredes D, Morilak DA. Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:161-179. [PMID: 28690203 PMCID: PMC5756532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction that leads to maladaptive behavior and is a symptom of psychiatric pathology can be instigated or exacerbated by stress. In this review we survey research addressing the impact of stress on executive function, with specific focus on working memory, attention, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. We then consider the neurochemical pathways underlying these cognitive capabilities and, where known, how stress alters them. Finally, we review work exploring potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches that can ameliorate deficits in executive function. Both preclinical and clinical literature indicates that chronic stress negatively affects executive function. Although some of the circuitry and neurochemical processes underlying executive function have been characterized, a great deal is still unknown regarding how stress affects these processes. Additional work focusing on this question is needed in order to make progress on developing interventions that ameliorate executive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Girotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Samantha M Adler
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sarah E Bulin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fucich
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Denisse Paredes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David A Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Czéh B, Vardya I, Varga Z, Febbraro F, Csabai D, Martis LS, Højgaard K, Henningsen K, Bouzinova EV, Miseta A, Jensen K, Wiborg O. Long-Term Stress Disrupts the Structural and Functional Integrity of GABAergic Neuronal Networks in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:148. [PMID: 29973870 PMCID: PMC6020798 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental data suggest that fronto-cortical GABAergic deficits contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). To further test this hypothesis, we used a well characterized rat model for depression and examined the effect of stress on GABAergic neuron numbers and GABA-mediated synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 9-weeks of chronic mild stress (CMS) and based on their hedonic-anhedonic behavior they were behaviorally phenotyped as being stress-susceptible (anhedonic) or stress-resilient. Post mortem quantitative histopathology was used to examine the effect of stress on parvalbumin (PV)-, calretinin- (CR), calbindin- (CB), cholecystokinin- (CCK), somatostatin-(SST) and neuropeptide Y-positive (NPY+) GABAergic neuron numbers in all cortical subareas of the mPFC (anterior cingulate (Cg1), prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) cortexes). In vitro, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from layer II–III pyramidal neurons of the ventral mPFC was used to examine GABAergic neurotransmission. The cognitive performance of the animals was assessed in a hippocampal-prefrontal-cortical circuit dependent learning task. Stress exposure reduced the number of CCK-, CR- and PV-positive GABAergic neurons in the mPFC, most prominently in the IL cortex. Interestingly, in the stress-resilient animals, we found higher number of neuropeptide Y-positive neurons in the entire mPFC. The electrophysiological analysis revealed reduced frequencies of spontaneous and miniature IPSCs in the anhedonic rats and decreased release probability of perisomatic-targeting GABAergic synapses and alterations in GABAB receptor mediated signaling. In turn, pyramidal neurons showed higher excitability. Anhedonic rats were also significantly impaired in the object-place paired-associate learning task. These data demonstrate that long-term stress results in functional and structural deficits of prefrontal GABAergic networks. Our findings support the concept that fronto-limbic GABAergic dysfunctions may contribute to emotional and cognitive symptoms of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boldizsár Czéh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark.,Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Irina Vardya
- Synaptic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zsófia Varga
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fabia Febbraro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Dávid Csabai
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | - Kim Henningsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Elena V Bouzinova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kimmo Jensen
- Synaptic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
What does the Fos say? Using Fos-based approaches to understand the contribution of stress to substance use disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:271-285. [PMID: 30450391 PMCID: PMC6234265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts, drug addiction persists as a largely unmet medical need. Perhaps the biggest challenge for treating addiction is the high rate of recidivism. While many factors can promote relapse in abstinent drug users, the contribution of stress is particularly problematic, as stress is uncontrollable and pervasive in the lives of those struggling with addiction. Thus, understanding the neurocircuitry that underlies the influence of stress on drug seeking is critical for guiding treatment. Preclinical research aimed at defining this neurocircuitry has, in part, relied upon the use of experimental approaches that allow visualization of cellular and circuit activity that corresponds to stressor-induced drug seeking in rodent relapse models. Much of what we have learned about the mechanisms that mediate stressor-induced relapse has been informed by studies that have used the expression of the immediate early gene, cfos, or its protein product, Fos, as post-mortem activity markers. In this review we provide an overview of the rodent models used to study stressor-induced relapse and briefly summarize what is known about the underlying neurocircuitry before describing the use of cfos/Fos-based approaches. In addition to reviewing findings obtained using this approach, its advantages and limitations are considered. Moreover, new techniques that leverage the expression profile of cfos to tag and manipulate cells based on their activity patterns are discussed. The intent of the review is to guide the interpretation of old and design of new studies that utilize cfos/Fos-based strategies to study the neurocircuitry that contributes to stress-related drug use.
Collapse
|
130
|
Park BS, Lee YJ, Park JH, Kim IH, Park SH, Lee HJ, Park KM. Alterations of brain network hubs in reflex syncope: Evidence from a graph theoretical analysis based on DTI. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01006. [PMID: 29791077 PMCID: PMC5991578 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated global topology and organization of regional hubs in the brain networks and microstructural abnormalities in the white matter of patients with reflex syncope. METHODS Twenty patients with reflex syncope and thirty healthy subjects were recruited, and they underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. Graph theory was applied to obtain network measures based on extracted DTI data, using DSI Studio. We then investigated differences in the network measures between the patients with reflex syncope and the healthy subjects. We also analyzed microstructural abnormalities of white matter using tract-based spatial statistics analysis (TBSS). RESULTS Measures of global topology were not different between patients with reflex syncope and healthy subjects. However, in reflex syncope patients, the strength measures of the right angular, left inferior frontal, left middle orbitofrontal, left superior medial frontal, and left middle temporal gyrus were lower than in healthy subjects. The betweenness centrality measures of the left middle orbitofrontal, left fusiform, and left lingual gyrus in patients were lower than those in healthy subjects. The PageRank centrality measures of the right angular, left middle orbitofrontal, and left superior medial frontal gyrus in patients were lower than those in healthy subjects. Regarding the analysis of the white matter microstructure, there were no differences in the fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a reorganization of network hubs in the brain network of patients with reflex syncope. These alterations in brain network may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying reflex syncope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Soo Park
- Department of Internal medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Han Park
- Department of Internal medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Il Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Si Hyung Park
- Department of Internal medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Misra P, Ganesh S. Sex-biased transgenerational effect of maternal stress on neurodevelopment and cognitive functions. J Genet 2018; 97:581-583. [PMID: 29932080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Sex-biased transgenerational effect of maternal stress on neurodevelopment and cognitive functions. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
133
|
Wulsin AC, Franco-Villanueva A, Romancheck C, Morano RL, Smith BL, Packard BA, Danzer SC, Herman JP. Functional disruption of stress modulatory circuits in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197955. [PMID: 29795651 PMCID: PMC5993058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that the neuroendocrine stress response is chronically dysregulated in a subset of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), potentially contributing to both disease progression and the development of psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Whether neuroendocrine dysregulation and psychiatric comorbidities reflect direct effects of epilepsy-related pathologies, or secondary effects of disease burden particular to humans with epilepsy (i.e. social estrangement, employment changes) is not clear. Animal models provide an opportunity to dissociate these factors. Therefore, we queried whether epileptic mice would reproduce neuroendocrine and behavioral changes associated with human epilepsy. Male FVB mice were exposed to pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE) and the subsequent development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Morning baseline corticosterone levels were elevated in pilocarpine treated mice at 1, 7 and 10 weeks post-SE relative to controls. Similarly, epileptic mice had increased adrenal weight when compared to control mice. Exposure to acute restraint stress resulted in hypersecretion of corticosterone 30 min after the onset of the challenge. Anatomical analyses revealed reduced Fos expression in infralimbic and prelimbic prefrontal cortex, ventral subiculum and basal amygdala following restraint. No differences in Fos immunoreactivity were found in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, hippocampal subfields or central amygdala. In order to assess emotional behavior, a second cohort of mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests, including sucrose preference, open field, elevated plus maze, 24h home-cage monitoring and forced swim. Epileptic mice showed increased anhedonic behavior, hyperactivity and anxiety-like behaviors. Together these data demonstrate that epileptic mice develop HPA axis hyperactivity and exhibit behavioral dysfunction. Endocrine and behavioral changes are associated with impaired recruitment of forebrain circuits regulating stress inhibition and emotional reactivity. Loss of forebrain control may underlie pronounced endocrine dysfunction and comorbid psychopathologies seen in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynara C. Wulsin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ana Franco-Villanueva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christian Romancheck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Morano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brittany L. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steve C. Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James P. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Hillerer KM, Woodside B, Parkinson E, Long H, Verlezza S, Walker CD. Gating of the neuroendocrine stress responses by stressor salience in early lactating female rats is independent of infralimbic cortex activation and plasticity. Stress 2018; 21:217-228. [PMID: 29397787 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1434618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In early lactation (EL), stressor salience modulates neuroendocrine stress responses, but it is unclear whether this persists throughout lactation and which neural structures are implicated. We hypothesized that this process is specific to EL and that the infralimbic (IL) medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) might provide a critical link between assessment of threat and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in EL. We measured neuroendocrine responses and neuronal Fos induction to a salient (predator odor) or non-salient (tail pinch) psychogenic stressor in EL and late lactation (LL) females. We found that EL females exhibited a large response to predator stress only in the presence of pups, while responses to tail pinch were reduced independently of pup presence. In LL, HPA axis responses were independent of pup presence for both stressors and only responses to tail pinch were modestly reduced compared to virgins. Intracerebral injection of the local anesthetic bupivacaine (BUP) (0.75%; 0.5 µl/side) in the IL mPFC did not differentially affect neuroendocrine responses to predator odor in virgin and EL females, suggesting that lactation-induced changes in this structure might not regulate stressor salience for the HPA axis. However, the IL mPFC displayed morphological changes in lactation, with significant increases in dendritic spine numbers and density in EL compared to LL and virgin females. EL females also showed improved performance in the attention set-shifting task (AST), which could reflect early plasticity in the IL mPFC at a time when rapid adaptation of the maternal brain is necessary for pup survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Hillerer
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute , Montreal , Canada
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Barbara Woodside
- c Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Emily Parkinson
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute , Montreal , Canada
| | - Hong Long
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute , Montreal , Canada
| | - Silvanna Verlezza
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute , Montreal , Canada
| | - Claire-Dominique Walker
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute , Montreal , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Sood A, Chaudhari K, Vaidya VA. Acute stress evokes sexually dimorphic, stressor-specific patterns of neural activation across multiple limbic brain regions in adult rats. Stress 2018; 21:136-150. [PMID: 29316846 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1422488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress enhances the risk for psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Stress responses vary across sex and may underlie the heightened vulnerability to psychopathology in females. Here, we examined the influence of acute immobilization stress (AIS) and a two-day short-term forced swim stress (FS) on neural activation in multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions, implicated as targets of stress and in the regulation of neuroendocrine stress responses, in male and female rats using Fos as a neural activity marker. AIS evoked a sex-dependent pattern of neural activation within the cingulate and infralimbic subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral septum (LS), habenula, and hippocampal subfields. The degree of neural activation in the mPFC, LS, and habenula was higher in males. Female rats exhibited reduced Fos positive cell numbers in the dentate gyrus hippocampal subfield, an effect not observed in males. We addressed whether the sexually dimorphic neural activation pattern noted following AIS was also observed with the short-term stress of FS. In the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the amygdala, FS similar to AIS resulted in robust increases in neural activation in both sexes. The pattern of neural activation evoked by FS was distinct across sexes, with a heightened neural activation noted in the prelimbic mPFC subdivision and hippocampal subfields in females and differed from the pattern noted with AIS. This indicates that the sex differences in neural activation patterns observed within stress-responsive brain regions are dependent on the nature of stressor experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sood
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Karina Chaudhari
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis neurocircuitry: Towards an integration of HPA axis modulation with coping behaviors - Curt Richter Award Paper 2017. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 89:239-249. [PMID: 29395488 PMCID: PMC5878723 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A network of interconnected cell groups in the limbic forebrain regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and behavioral responses to emotionally stressful experiences, and chronic disruption of these systems chronically is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses. A significant challenge has been to unravel the circuitry and mechanisms providing for regulation of HPA activity, as these limbic forebrain regions do not provide any direct innervation of HPA effector cell groups in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Moreover, information regarding how endocrine and behavioral responses are integrated has remained obscure. Here we summarize work from our laboratory showing that anteroventral (av) bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) acts as a point of convergence between the limbic forebrain and PVH, receiving and coordinating upstream influences, and restraining HPA axis output in response to inescapable stressors. Recent studies highlight a more expansive modulatory role for avBST as one that coordinates HPA-inhibitory influences while concurrently suppressing passive behavioral responses via divergent pathways. avBST is uniquely positioned to convey endocrine and behavioral alterations resulting from chronic stress exposure, such as HPA axis hyperactivity and increased passive coping strategies, that may result from synaptic reorganization in upstream limbic cortical regions. We discuss how these studies give new insights into understanding the systems-level organization of stress response circuitry, the neurobiology of coping styles, and BST circuit dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
137
|
Poppa T, Bechara A. The somatic marker hypothesis: revisiting the role of the ‘body-loop’ in decision-making. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
138
|
Hennessy MB, Watanasriyakul WT, Price BC, Bertke AS, Schiml PA. Adult males buffer the cortisol response of young guinea pigs: Changes with age, mediation by behavior, and comparison with prefrontal activity. Horm Behav 2018; 98:165-172. [PMID: 29307694 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the guinea pig, the presence of the mother buffers hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses of her young during exposure to a novel environment, and can do so even if she is anesthetized. In contrast, under comparable conditions other conspecifics (siblings, other adult females) are less effective or ineffective in doing so. However, we recently observed that an unfamiliar adult male reduced plasma cortisol elevations and increased Fos in the prefrontal cortex of preweaning pups exposed to a novel enclosure for 120min. Here we found adult males buffered the adrenocortical response of preweaning pups at 60 as well as 120min and of periadolescent guinea pigs if exposure was of 120min. Further, because males vigorously engaged in social interactions with the young during exposure, we examined the effect of behavior by comparing the impact of conscious and unconscious (anesthetized) adult males. When tested with a conscious but not unconscious male, pups exhibited reduced plasma cortisol elevations. Pups, particularly females, had greater Fos induction in the prefrontal cortex when with a conscious versus unconscious adult male. Overall, we found that an unfamiliar adult male can buffer the cortisol response of guinea pigs both before and after weaning, though more-prolonged exposure appears necessary in the older animals. Further, unlike buffering by the biological mother, the effect of the male is mediated by behavioral interactions. Thus, the buffering of the infant guinea pig's cortisol response by the mother and an unfamiliar adult male involve different underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brittany C Price
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Csabai D, Wiborg O, Czéh B. Reduced Synapse and Axon Numbers in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rats Subjected to a Chronic Stress Model for Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:24. [PMID: 29440995 PMCID: PMC5797661 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful experiences can induce structural changes in neurons of the limbic system. These cellular changes contribute to the development of stress-induced psychopathologies like depressive disorders. In the prefrontal cortex of chronically stressed animals, reduced dendritic length and spine loss have been reported. This loss of dendritic material should consequently result in synapse loss as well, because of the reduced dendritic surface. But so far, no one studied synapse numbers in the prefrontal cortex of chronically stressed animals. Here, we examined synaptic contacts in rats subjected to an animal model for depression, where animals are exposed to a chronic stress protocol. Our hypothesis was that long term stress should reduce the number of axo-spinous synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex. Adult male rats were exposed to daily stress for 9 weeks and afterward we did a post mortem quantitative electron microscopic analysis to quantify the number and morphology of synapses in the infralimbic cortex. We analyzed asymmetric (Type I) and symmetric (Type II) synapses in all cortical layers in control and stressed rats. We also quantified axon numbers and measured the volume of the infralimbic cortex. In our systematic unbiased analysis, we examined 21,000 axon terminals in total. We found the following numbers in the infralimbic cortex of control rats: 1.15 × 109 asymmetric synapses, 1.06 × 108 symmetric synapses and 1.00 × 108 myelinated axons. The density of asymmetric synapses was 5.5/μm3 and the density of symmetric synapses was 0.5/μm3. Average synapse membrane length was 207 nm and the average axon terminal membrane length was 489 nm. Stress reduced the number of synapses and myelinated axons in the deeper cortical layers, while synapse membrane lengths were increased. These stress-induced ultrastructural changes indicate that neurons of the infralimbic cortex have reduced cortical network connectivity. Such reduced network connectivity is likely to form the anatomical basis for the impaired functioning of this brain area. Indeed, impaired functioning of the prefrontal cortex, such as cognitive deficits are common in stressed individuals as well as in depressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Csabai
- MTA - PTE, Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- MTA - PTE, Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Lee AG, Hagenauer M, Absher D, Morrison KE, Bale TL, Myers RM, Watson SJ, Akil H, Schatzberg AF, Lyons DM. Stress amplifies sex differences in primate prefrontal profiles of gene expression. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 29096718 PMCID: PMC5667444 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a recognized risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders that occur more often in women than men. Prefrontal brain regions mediate stress coping, cognitive control, and emotion. Here, we investigate sex differences and stress effects on prefrontal cortical profiles of gene expression in squirrel monkey adults. METHODS Dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal cortical regions from 18 females and 12 males were collected after stress or no-stress treatment conditions. Gene expression profiles were acquired using HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip arrays adapted for squirrel monkeys. RESULTS Extensive variation between prefrontal cortical regions was discerned in the expression of numerous autosomal and sex chromosome genes. Robust sex differences were also identified across prefrontal cortical regions in the expression of mostly autosomal genes. Genes with increased expression in females compared to males were overrepresented in mitogen-activated protein kinase and neurotrophin signaling pathways. Many fewer genes with increased expression in males compared to females were discerned, and no molecular pathways were identified. Effect sizes for sex differences were greater in stress compared to no-stress conditions for ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortical regions but not dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Stress amplifies sex differences in gene expression profiles for prefrontal cortical regions involved in stress coping and emotion regulation. Results suggest molecular targets for new treatments of stress disorders in human mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA
| | - Megan Hagenauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA
| | - David M Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Sood A, Pati S, Bhattacharya A, Chaudhari K, Vaidya VA. Early emergence of altered 5‐HT
2A
receptor‐evoked behavior, neural activation and gene expression following maternal separation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 65:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sood
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Sthitapranjya Pati
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Amrita Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Vidita A. Vaidya
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Ketchesin KD, Huang NS, Seasholtz AF. Cell Type-Specific Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Binding Protein in GABAergic Interneurons in the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:90. [PMID: 29066956 PMCID: PMC5641307 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRH-BP) is a secreted glycoprotein that binds CRH with very high affinity to modulate CRH receptor activity. CRH-BP is widely expressed throughout the brain, with particularly high expression in regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Recent studies suggest a role for CRH-BP in stress-related psychiatric disorders and addiction, with the PFC being a potential site of interest. However, the molecular phenotype of CRH-BP-expressing cells in this region has not been well-characterized. In the current study, we sought to determine the cell type-specific expression of CRH-BP in the PFC to begin to define the neural circuits in which this key regulator is acting. To characterize the expression of CRH-BP in excitatory and/or inhibitory neurons, we utilized dual in situ hybridization to examine the cellular colocalization of CRH-BP mRNA with vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA in different subregions of the PFC. We show that CRH-BP is expressed predominantly in GABAergic interneurons of the PFC, as revealed by the high degree of colocalization (>85%) between CRH-BP and GAD. To further characterize the expression of CRH-BP in this heterogenous group of inhibitory neurons, we examined the colocalization of CRH-BP with various molecular markers of GABAergic interneurons, including parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK). We demonstrate that CRH-BP is colocalized predominantly with SST in the PFC, with lower levels of colocalization in PV- and CCK-expressing neurons. Our results provide a more comprehensive characterization of the cell type-specific expression of CRH-BP and begin to define its potential role within circuits of the PFC. These results will serve as the basis for future in vivo studies to manipulate CRH-BP in a cell type-specific manner to better understand its role in stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Ketchesin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas S Huang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Audrey F Seasholtz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Scholkmann F, Hafner T, Metz AJ, Wolf M, Wolf U. Effect of short-term colored-light exposure on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation, and systemic physiological activity. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:045005. [PMID: 29181427 PMCID: PMC5695650 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is not yet a comprehensive view of how the color of light affects the cerebral and systemic physiology in humans. The aim was to address this deficit through basic research. Since cerebral and systemic physiological parameters are likely to interact, it was necessary to establish an approach, which we have termed "systemic-physiology-augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) neuroimaging." This multimodal approach measures the systemic and cerebral physiological response to exposure to light of different colors. In 14 healthy subjects (9 men, 5 women, age: [Formula: see text] years, range: 24 to 57 years) exposed to red, green, and blue light (10-min intermittent wide-field visual color stimulation; [Formula: see text] blocks of visual stimulation), brain hemodynamics and oxygenation were measured by fNIRS on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and visual cortex (VC) simultaneously, in addition with systemic parameters. This study demonstrated that (i) all colors elicited responses in the VC, whereas only blue evoked a response in the PFC; (ii) there was a color-dependent effect on cardiorespiratory activity; (iii) there was significant change in neurosystemic functional connectivity; (iv) cerebral hemodynamic responses in the PFC and changes in the cardiovascular system were gender and age dependent; and (v) electrodermal activity and psychological state showed no stimulus-evoked changes, and there was no dependence on color of light, age, and gender. We showed that short-term light exposure caused color-dependent responses in cerebral hemodynamics/oxygenation as well as cardiorespiratory dynamics. Additionally, we showed that neurosystemic functional connectivity changes even during apparently stress-free tasks-an important consideration when using any of the hemodynamic neuroimaging methods (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and fNIRS). Our findings are important for future basic research and clinical applications as well as being relevant for everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Hafner
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Myers B, McKlveen JM, Morano R, Ulrich-Lai YM, Solomon MB, Wilson SP, Herman JP. Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 Knockdown in Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex Augments Neuroendocrine Responses to Chronic Stress in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3579-3591. [PMID: 28938481 PMCID: PMC5659688 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress-associated pathologies frequently associate with alterations in the structure and activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, the influence of infralimbic cortex (IL) projection neurons on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is unknown, as is the involvement of these cells in chronic stress-induced endocrine alterations. In the current study, a lentiviral-packaged vector coding for a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting vesicular glutamate transporter (vGluT) 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was microinjected into the IL of male rats. vGluT1 is responsible for presynaptic vesicular glutamate packaging in cortical neurons, and knockdown reduces the amount of glutamate available for synaptic release. After injection, rats were either exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) or remained in the home cage as unstressed controls. Fifteen days after the initiation of CVS, all animals were exposed to a novel acute stressor (30-minute restraint) with blood collection for the analysis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Additionally, brains were collected for in situ hybridization of corticotrophin-releasing hormone mRNA. In previously unstressed rats, vGluT1 siRNA significantly enhanced ACTH and corticosterone secretion. Compared with CVS animals receiving the green fluorescent protein control vector, the vGluT1 siRNA further increased basal and stress-induced corticosterone release. Further analysis revealed enhanced adrenal responsiveness in CVS rats treated with vGluT1 siRNA. Collectively, our results suggest that IL glutamate output inhibits HPA responses to acute stress and restrains corticosterone secretion during chronic stress, possibly at the level of the adrenal. Together, these findings pinpoint a neurochemical mechanism linking mPFC dysfunction with aberrant neuroendocrine responses to chronic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Myers
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Jessica M. McKlveen
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Rachel Morano
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Yvonne M. Ulrich-Lai
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Matia B. Solomon
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Steven P. Wilson
- Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - James P. Herman
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Moisiadis VG, Constantinof A, Kostaki A, Szyf M, Matthews SG. Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Modifies Endocrine Function and Behaviour for 3 Generations Following Maternal and Paternal Transmission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11814. [PMID: 28924262 PMCID: PMC5603559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids programs long-term changes in the physiologic stress response and behaviours. However, it is not known whether effects manifest in subsequent generations of offspring following maternal (MT) or paternal (PT) transmission. We treated pregnant guinea pigs with three courses of saline or synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC) at a clinically relevant dose. Altered cortisol response to stress and behaviours transmitted to juvenile female and male F2 and F3 offspring from both parental lines. Behavioural effects of sGC in F1-F3 PT females associated with altered expression of genes in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Exposure to sGC programmed large transgenerational changes in PVN gene expression, including type II diabetes, thermoregulation, and collagen formation gene networks. We demonstrate transgenerational programming to F3 following antenatal sGC. Transmission is sex- and generation-dependent, occurring through both parental lines. Paternal transmission to F3 females strongly implicates epigenetic mechanisms of transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis G Moisiadis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Andrea Constantinof
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alisa Kostaki
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Bronson SL, Chan JC, Bale TL. Sex-Specific Neurodevelopmental Programming by Placental Insulin Receptors on Stress Reactivity and Sensorimotor Gating. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:127-138. [PMID: 28168960 PMCID: PMC5483189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, obesity, and overweight are prevalent pregnancy complications that predispose offspring to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Although male individuals are three to four times more likely than female individuals to develop these disorders, the mechanisms driving the sex specificity of disease vulnerability remain unclear. Because defective placental insulin receptor (InsR) signaling is a hallmark of pregnancy metabolic dysfunction, we hypothesized that it may be an important contributor and novel mechanistic link to sex-specific neurodevelopmental changes underlying disease risk. METHODS We used Cre/loxP transgenic mice to conditionally target InsRs in fetally derived placental trophoblasts. Adult offspring were evaluated for effects of placental trophoblast-specific InsR deficiency on stress sensitivity, cognitive function, sensorimotor gating, and prefrontal cortical transcriptional reprogramming. To evaluate molecular mechanisms driving sex-specific outcomes, we assessed genome-wide expression profiles in the placenta and fetal brain. RESULTS Male, but not female, mice with placental trophoblast-specific InsR deficiency showed a significantly increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response and impaired sensorimotor gating, phenotypic effects that were associated with dysregulated nucleotide metabolic processes in the male prefrontal cortex. Within the placenta, InsR deficiency elicited changes in gene expression, predominantly in male mice, reflecting potential shifts in vasculature, amino acid transport, serotonin homeostasis, and mitochondrial function. These placental disruptions were associated with altered gene expression profiles in the male fetal brain and suggested delayed cortical development. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate the novel role of placental InsRs in sex-specific neurodevelopment and reveal a potential mechanism for neurodevelopmental disorder risk in pregnancies complicated by maternal metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Bronson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer C Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Quan J, Ong ML, Bureau JF, Sim LW, Sanmugam S, Abdul Malik AB, Wong E, Wong J, Chong YS, Saw SM, Kwek K, Qiu A, Holbrook JD, Rifkin-Graboi A. The influence of CHRNA4, COMT, and maternal sensitivity on orienting and executive attention in 6-month-old infants. Brain Cogn 2017; 116:17-28. [PMID: 28582665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite claims concerning biological mechanisms sub-serving infant attention, little experimental work examines its underpinnings. This study examines how candidate polymorphisms from the cholinergic (CHRNA4 rs1044396) and dopaminergic (COMT rs4680) systems, respectively indicative of parietal and prefrontal/anterior cingulate involvement, are related to 6-month-olds' (n=217) performance during a visual expectation eye-tracking paradigm. As previous studies suggest that both cholinergic and dopaminergic genes may influence susceptibility to the influence of other genetic and environmental factors, we further examined whether these candidate genes interact with one another and/or with early caregiving experience in predicting infants' visual attention. We detected an interaction between CHRNA4 genotype and observed maternal sensitivity upon infants' orienting to random stimuli and a CHRNA4-COMT interaction effect upon infants' orienting to patterned stimuli. Consistent with adult research, we observed a direct effect of COMT genotype on anticipatory looking to patterned stimuli. Findings suggest that CHRNA4 genotype may influence susceptibility to other attention-related factors in infancy. These interactions may account for the inability to establish a link between CHRNA4 and orienting in infant research to date, despite developmental theorizing suggesting otherwise. Moreover, findings suggest that by 6months, dopamine, and relatedly, the prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate, may be important to infant attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry Quan
- University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Mei-Lyn Ong
- University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Bureau
- University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lit Wee Sim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Shamini Sanmugam
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Adam B Abdul Malik
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Eric Wong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Johnny Wong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- KK Women's & Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abstract
This review provides a broad overview of my research group's work on social buffering in human development in the context of the field. Much of the focus is on social buffering of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, one of the two major arms of the mammalian stress system. This focus reflects the centrality of the HPA system in research on social buffering in the fields of developmental psychobiology and developmental science. However, buffering of the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system is also discussed. The central developmental question in this area derives from attachment theory, which argues that the infant's experience of stress and arousal regulation in the context of her early attachment relationships is not an immature form of social buffering experienced in adulthood but rather the foundation out of which individual differences in the capacity to gain stress relief from social partners emerges. The emergence of social buffering in infancy, changes in social buffering throughout childhood and adolescence, the influence of early experience on later individual differences in social buffering, and critical gaps in our knowledge are described.
Collapse
|
149
|
Kluwe-Schiavon B, Viola TW, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Malloy-Diniz LF, Grassi-Oliveira R. Balancing Automatic-Controlled Behaviors and Emotional-Salience States: A Dynamic Executive Functioning Hypothesis. Front Psychol 2017; 7:2067. [PMID: 28154541 PMCID: PMC5243844 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing interest in understanding how executive functions are conceptualized in psychopathology. Since several models have been proposed, the major issue lies within the definition of executive functioning itself. Theoretical discussions have emerged, narrowing the boundaries between “hot” and “cold” executive functions or between self-regulation and cognitive control. Nevertheless, the definition of executive functions is far from a consensual proposition and it has been suggested that these models might be outdated. Current efforts indicate that human behavior and cognition are by-products of many brain systems operating and interacting at different levels, and therefore, it is very simplistic to assume a dualistic perspective of information processing. Based upon an adaptive perspective, we discuss how executive functions could emerge from the ability to solve immediate problems and to generalize successful strategies, as well as from the ability to synthesize and to classify environmental information in order to predict context and future. We present an executive functioning perspective that emerges from the dynamic balance between automatic-controlled behaviors and an emotional-salience state. According to our perspective, the adaptive role of executive functioning is to automatize efficient solutions simultaneously with cognitive demand, enabling individuals to engage such processes with increasingly complex problems. Understanding executive functioning as a mediator of stress and cognitive engagement not only fosters discussions concerning individual differences, but also offers an important paradigm to understand executive functioning as a continuum process rather than a categorical and multicomponent structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakopsychologie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik ZürichZürich, Switzerland; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Thiago W Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Leandro F Malloy-Diniz
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil; LUMINA Neurosciences and Mental Health InstituteBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto AlegreBrazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto AlegreBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Holtzer R, Schoen C, Demetriou E, Mahoney JR, Izzetoglu M, Wang C, Verghese J. Stress and gender effects on prefrontal cortex oxygenation levels assessed during single and dual-task walking conditions. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:660-670. [PMID: 28028863 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to walk is critical for functional independence and wellbeing. The pre-frontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in cognitive control of locomotion, notably under attention-demanding conditions. Factors that influence brain responses to cognitive demands of locomotion, however, are poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated the individual and combined effects of gender and perceived stress on stride velocity and PFC Oxygenated Hemoglobin (HbO2 ) assessed during single and dual-task walking conditions. The experimental paradigm included Normal Walk (NW); Cognitive Interference (Alpha); and Walk-While-Talk (WWT) tasks. An instrumented walkway was used to assess stride velocity in NW and WWT conditions. Functional Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to quantify PFC HbO2 levels during NW, Alpha and WWT. Perceived task-related stress was evaluated with a single 11-point scale item. Participants were community residing older adults (age = 76.8 ± 6.7 years; %female = 56). Results revealed that higher perceived stress was associated with greater decline in stride velocity from single to dual-task conditions among men. Three-way interactions revealed that gender moderated the effect of perceived stress on changes in HbO2 levels comparing WWT to NW and Alpha. Attenuation in the increase in HbO2 levels, in high compared to low perceived stress levels, from the two single task conditions to WWT was observed only in men. Thus, older men may be more vulnerable to the effect of perceived stress on the change in PFC oxygenation levels across walking conditions that vary in terms of cognitive demands. These findings confer important implications for assessment and treatment of individuals at risk of mobility impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roee Holtzer
- Department of Neurology, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Van Etten, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chelsea Schoen
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eleni Demetriou
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jeannette R Mahoney
- Department of Neurology, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Van Etten, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Meltem Izzetoglu
- Drexel University School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Van Etten, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|