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Pommerrenig B, Müdsam C, Kischka D, Neuhaus HE. Treat and trick: common regulation and manipulation of sugar transporters during sink establishment by the plant and the pathogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3930-3940. [PMID: 32242225 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport proteins are crucial for the coordinated allocation of sugars. In this Expert View we summarize recent key findings of the roles and regulation of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmentally dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, for example, during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks that trigger the plant to induce the same processes, resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmentally dependent processes and aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or genetic modification approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon the overexpression or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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102
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Zeng X, Luo Y, Vu NTQ, Shen S, Xia K, Zhang M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of OsSWEET14 in rice cv. Zhonghua11 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae without yield penalty. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:313. [PMID: 32620100 PMCID: PMC7333420 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa. OsSWEET14, encoding a sugar transporter, is known to be a major susceptible gene of bacterial blight targeted by four different transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors from either Asian or African Xoo strains. However, the OsSWEET14 single knockout or promoter mutants in the Kitaake background are moderately resistant or even susceptible to African Xoo strains. Therefore, in this study, we knocked out OsSWEET14 in rice cv. Zhonghua 11 background for disease assessment. RESULTS In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was utilized to disrupt the function of OsSWEET14 by modifying its corresponding coding region in the genome of rice cv. Zhonghua 11 (CR-S14). In total, we obtained nine different OsSWEET14-mutant alleles. Besides conferring broad-spectrum resistance to Asian Xoo strains, tested mutant alleles also showed strong resistance to African Xoo strain AXO1947. Moreover, the expression of OsSWEET14 was detected in vascular tissues, including the stem, leaf sheath, leaf blade and root. The disruption of OsSWEET14 led to increased plant height without a reduction in yield. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of OsSWEET14 in the Zhonghua 11 background is able to confer strong resistance to African Xoo strain AXO1947 and Asian Xoo strain PXO86. CR-S14 has normal reproductive growth and enhanced plant height under normal growth conditions. These results imply that CR-S14 may serve as a better tester line than sweet14 single-knockout mutant in the Kitaake background for the diagnostic kit for rice blight resistance. The genetic background and increased plant height need to be taken into consideration when utilizing OsSWEET14 for resistant rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yufen Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nga Thi Quynh Vu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shujuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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103
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Alam R, Hummel M, Yeung E, Locke AM, Ignacio JCI, Baltazar MD, Jia Z, Ismail AM, Septiningsih EM, Bailey‐Serres J. Flood resilience loci SUBMERGENCE 1 and ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 interact in seedlings established underwater. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00240. [PMID: 32775950 PMCID: PMC7403837 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crops with resilience to multiple climatic stresses are essential for increased yield stability. Here, we evaluate the interaction between two loci associated with flooding survival in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 (AG1), encoding trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase 7 (TPP7), promotes mobilization of endosperm reserves to enhance the elongation of a hollow coleoptile in seeds that are seeded directly into shallow paddies. SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1), encoding the ethylene-responsive transcription factor SUB1A-1, confers tolerance to complete submergence by dampening carbohydrate catabolism, to enhance recovery upon desubmergence. Interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A-1 were investigated under three flooding scenarios using four near-isogenic lines by surveying growth and survival. Pyramiding of the two loci does not negatively affect anaerobic germination or vegetative-stage submergence tolerance. However, the pyramided AG1 SUB1 genotype displays reduced survival when seeds are planted underwater and maintained under submergence for 16 d. To better understand the roles of TPP7 and SUB1A-1 and their interaction, temporal changes in carbohydrates and shoot transcriptomes were monitored in the four genotypes varying at the two loci at four developmental timeponts, from day 2 after seeding through day 14 of complete submergence. TPP7 enhances early coleoptile elongation, whereas SUB1A-1 promotes precocious photoautotrophy and then restricts underwater elongation. By contrast, pyramiding of the AG1 and SUB1 slows elongation growth, the transition to photoautotrophy, and survival. mRNA-sequencing highlights time-dependent and genotype-specific regulation of mRNAs associated with DNA repair, cell cycle, chromatin modification, plastid biogenesis, carbohydrate catabolism and transport, elongation growth, and other processes. These results suggest that interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A-1 could impact seedling establishment if paddy depth is not effectively managed after direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejbana Alam
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Maureen Hummel
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Elaine Yeung
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Anna M. Locke
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
- Present address:
Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research UnitUSDA‐ARSRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Miriam D. Baltazar
- Department of Biological SciencesCavite State UniversityIndangPhilippines
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Endang M. Septiningsih
- International Rice Research InstituteMetro ManilaPhilippines
- Present address:
Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Julia Bailey‐Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
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104
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Ni J, Li J, Zhu R, Zhang M, Qi K, Zhang S, Wu J. Overexpression of sugar transporter gene PbSWEET4 of pear causes sugar reduce and early senescence in leaves. Gene 2020; 743:144582. [PMID: 32173543 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As the main energy source for generating ATP during plant growth and development, sugars are synthesized in leaves, while sugar allocation depends on both intracellular transport between different organelles and source-to-sink transport. However, sugar transport related research is limited in pear. Here, a sugar transporter PbSWEET4 was identified that control sugar content and senescence in leaf. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment results indicated that PbSWEET4 was homologous to AtSWEET15, which contained two conserved domains and could promote senescence. The qRT-PCR and transcriptome database result showed that the expression of PbSWEET4 was positively correlated with leaf development, especially highly expressed in older leaves. Furthermore, the evaluation of promoter-GUS activity also indicated that PbSWEET4 exhibited the highest expression level in older leaves. The subcellular localization revealed that the PbSWEET4 localized in the plasma membrane. Finally, overexpression of the PbSWEET4 in strawberry plants could reduce leaf sugar content and chlorophyll content, while accelerate leaf senescence, which might be due to enhanced export of sugars from leaves. These results enrich the knowledge about the function of sugar exporter in regulating the fruit species development, and provide a novel genetic resource for future improvement in carbohydrate partitioning for pear and other fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Ni
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongxiang Zhu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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105
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The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in C cycling: a review. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1581-1596. [PMID: 32448964 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute predominantly to soil organic matter by creating a sink demand for plant C and distributing to below-ground hyphal biomass. The extra-radical hyphae along with glomalin-related soil protein significantly influence the soil carbon dynamics through their larger extent and turnover period need to discuss. The role of AMF is largely overlooked in terrestrial C cycling and climate change models despite their greater involvement in net primary productivity augmentation and further accumulation of this additional photosynthetic fixed C in the soil. However, this buffering mechanism against elevated CO2 condition to sequester extra C by AMF can be described only after considering their potential interaction with other microbes and associated mineral nutrients such as nitrogen cycling. In this article, we try to review the potential of AMF in C sequestration paving the way towards a better understanding of possible AMF mechanism by which C balance between biosphere and atmosphere can be moved forward in more positive direction.
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106
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Ranjbaran M, Solhtalab M, Datta AK. Mechanistic modeling of light-induced chemotactic infiltration of bacteria into leaf stomata. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007841. [PMID: 32384085 PMCID: PMC7209104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the factors that can play a role in bacterial infiltration into leafy greens by keeping stomata open and providing photosynthetic products for microorganisms. We model chemotactic transport of bacteria within a leaf tissue in response to photosynthesis occurring within plant mesophyll. The model includes transport of carbon dioxide, oxygen, bicarbonate, sucrose/glucose, bacteria, and autoinducer-2 within the leaf tissue. Biological processes of carbon fixation in chloroplasts, and respiration in mitochondria of the plant cells, as well as motility, chemotaxis, nutrient consumption and communication in the bacterial community are considered. We show that presence of light is enough to boost bacterial chemotaxis through the stomatal opening and toward photosynthetic products within the leaf tissue. Bacterial chemotactic ability is a major player in infiltration, and plant stomatal defense in closing the stomata as a perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns is an effective way to inhibit the infiltration. Exposure to light can trigger photosynthesis in plant leaves, such as leafy-greens, and increase concentrations of photosynthetic products, such as glucose, within the leaf tissue. Bacteria existing at the leaf surfaces may respond to the available photosynthetic products and migrate into the leaf tissue by chemotaxis toward nutrient concentration gradients. Once the bacteria are inside the leaf tissue, they cannot be washed away, presenting a risk to the consumer. Here, a physics-based model for this light-driven infiltration is presented. This mechanistic model couples transport of bacteria and nutrients, and photosynthesis within a leaf tissue around one stomatal opening. The model shows that the ability of bacteria to transport via chemotaxis is a major factor in infiltration. A moderate intensity light is sufficient to promote chemotactic infiltration of bacteria on a leaf surface into its interior. Infiltration is enhanced in the presence of blue, white and red lights, and for a larger stomatal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ranjbaran
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mina Solhtalab
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashim K. Datta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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107
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Portillo Lemus L, Tricard J, Duclercq J, Coulette Q, Giron D, Hano C, Huguet E, Lamblin F, Cherqui A, Sallé A. Salivary proteins of Phloeomyzus passerinii, a plant-manipulating aphid, and their impact on early gene responses of susceptible and resistant poplar genotypes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110468. [PMID: 32234233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Successful plant colonization by parasites requires the circumvention of host defenses, and sometimes a reprogramming of host metabolism, mediated by effector molecules delivered into the host. Using transcriptomic and enzymatic approaches, we characterized salivary glands and saliva of Phloeomyzus passerinii, an aphid exhibiting an atypical feeding strategy. Plant responses to salivary extracts of P. passerinii and Myzus persicae were assessed with poplar protoplasts of a susceptible and a resistant genotype, and in a heterologous Arabidopsis system. We predict that P. passerinii secretes a highly peculiar saliva containing effectors potentially interfering with host defenses, biotic stress signaling and plant metabolism, notably phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases which seemed specific to P. passerinii. Gene expression profiles indicated that salivary extracts of M. persicae markedly affected host defenses and biotic stress signaling, while salivary extracts of P. passerinii induced only weak responses. The effector-triggered susceptibility was characterized by downregulations of genes involved in cytokinin signaling and auxin homeostasis. This suggests that P. passerinii induces an intracellular accumulation of auxin in susceptible host genotypes, which is supported by histochemical assays in Arabidopsis. This might in turn affect biotic stress signaling and contribute to host tissue manipulation by the aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Portillo Lemus
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France; Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jessy Tricard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France; Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Duclercq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Quentin Coulette
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Anas Cherqui
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Aurélien Sallé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France.
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108
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Jiang S, Balan B, Assis RDAB, Sagawa CHD, Wan X, Han S, Wang L, Zhang L, Zaini PA, Walawage SL, Jacobson A, Lee SH, Moreira LM, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM. Genome-Wide Profiling and Phylogenetic Analysis of the SWEET Sugar Transporter Gene Family in Walnut and Their Lack of Responsiveness to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041251. [PMID: 32070009 PMCID: PMC7072939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following photosynthesis, sucrose is translocated to sink organs, where it provides the primary source of carbon and energy to sustain plant growth and development. Sugar transporters from the SWEET (sugar will eventually be exported transporter) family are rate-limiting factors that mediate sucrose transport across concentration gradients, sustain yields, and participate in reproductive development, plant senescence, stress responses, as well as support plant-pathogen interaction, the focus of this study. We identified 25 SWEET genes in the walnut genome and distinguished each by its individual gene structure and pattern of expression in different walnut tissues. Their chromosomal locations, cis-acting motifs within their 5' regulatory elements, and phylogenetic relationship patterns provided the first comprehensive analysis of the SWEET gene family of sugar transporters in walnut. This family is divided into four clades, the analysis of which suggests duplication and expansion of the SWEET gene family in Juglans regia. In addition, tissue-specific gene expression signatures suggest diverse possible functions for JrSWEET genes. Although these are commonly used by pathogens to harness sugar products from their plant hosts, little was known about their role during Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) infection. We monitored the expression profiles of the JrSWEET genes in different tissues of "Chandler" walnuts when challenged with pathogen Xaj417 and concluded that SWEET-mediated sugar translocation from the host is not a trigger for walnut blight disease development. This may be directly related to the absence of type III secretion system-dependent transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) in Xaj417, which suggests different strategies are employed by this pathogen to promote susceptibility to this major aboveground disease of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata de A. B. Assis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Cintia H. D. Sagawa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Xueqin Wan
- Department of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Shan Han
- Department of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Paulo A. Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Sriema L. Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Aaron Jacobson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Steven H. Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Leandro M. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Charles A. Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Dong X, Wang Z, Tian L, Zhang Y, Qi D, Huo H, Xu J, Li Z, Liao R, Shi M, Wahocho SA, Liu C, Zhang S, Tian Z, Cao Y. De novo assembly of a wild pear (Pyrus betuleafolia) genome. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:581-595. [PMID: 31368610 PMCID: PMC6953202 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
China is the origin and evolutionary centre of Oriental pears. Pyrus betuleafolia is a wild species native to China and distributed in the northern region, and it is widely used as rootstock. Here, we report the de novo assembly of the genome of P. betuleafolia-Shanxi Duli using an integrated strategy that combines PacBio sequencing, BioNano mapping and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing. The genome assembly size was 532.7 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb. A total of 59 552 protein-coding genes and 247.4 Mb of repetitive sequences were annotated for this genome. The expansion genes in P. betuleafolia were significantly enriched in secondary metabolism, which may account for the organism's considerable environmental adaptability. An alignment analysis of orthologous genes showed that fruit size, sugar metabolism and transport, and photosynthetic efficiency were positively selected in Oriental pear during domestication. A total of 573 nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-type resistance gene analogues (RGAs) were identified in the P. betuleafolia genome, 150 of which are TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL)-type genes, which represented the greatest number of TNL-type genes among the published Rosaceae genomes and explained the strong disease resistance of this wild species. The study of flavour metabolism-related genes showed that the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) metabolic pathway affected the astringency of pear fruit and that sorbitol transporter (SOT) transmembrane transport may be the main factor affecting the accumulation of soluble organic matter. This high-quality P. betuleafolia genome provides a valuable resource for the utilization of wild pear in fundamental pear studies and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Dan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Hongliang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Zhe Li
- Berry Genomics CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Rui Liao
- Berry Genomics CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Miao Shi
- Berry Genomics CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Safdar Ali Wahocho
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yufen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
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Du Y, Zhao Q, Chen L, Yao X, Zhang H, Wu J, Xie F. Effect of Drought Stress during Soybean R2-R6 Growth Stages on Sucrose Metabolism in Leaf and Seed. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E618. [PMID: 31963537 PMCID: PMC7013680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity, and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth. Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, "Shennong17", "Shennong8", and "Shennong12", were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively. Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy2, and GmA-INV, but decreased starch content by 15.13% in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulation, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymes, the expression levels of genes related to metabolism, and the expression levels of sucrose transporter genes were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Du
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liru Chen
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Futi Xie
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
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111
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Aliche EB, Theeuwen TPJM, Oortwijn M, Visser RGF, van der Linden CG. Carbon partitioning mechanisms in POTATO under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:211-219. [PMID: 31756607 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop consumed all over the world, but it is generally sensitive to drought conditions. One of the major physiological processes affected by drought stress is carbon partitioning: the plant's choice of where to allocate its photoassimilates. Our aim was to investigate the molecular factors and possible bottlenecks affecting carbon partitioning during drought. We studied potato cultivars with contrasting drought responses in the greenhouse in the years 2013-2015, and further investigated the expression of genes involved in carbon partitioning and metabolite levels. Our results indicate that one of the most severe effects of drought stress on potato is the arrest of stolon differentiation and formation of tubers. We also identified some physiological traits like stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content as affecting carbon assimilation, partitioning and eventual tuber yield. The gene expressions and biochemical analyses highlight the various tissues prioritized by the plant for assimilate transport during drought stress, and give indications of what distinguishes drought tolerance and sensitivity of cultivated potato. Some of the key genes studied (like Sucrose synthase and Sucrose transporters) may be inclusive breeding targets for drought tolerance in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B Aliche
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P J M Theeuwen
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Oortwijn
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Gerard van der Linden
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Yin Q, Zhu L, Du P, Fan C, Wang J, Zhang B, Li H. Comprehensive analysis of SWEET family genes in Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1790417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pingzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Das A, Nigam D, Junaid A, Tribhuvan KU, Kumar K, Durgesh K, Singh NK, Gaikwad K. Expressivity of the key genes associated with seed and pod development is highly regulated via lncRNAs and miRNAs in Pigeonpea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18191. [PMID: 31796783 PMCID: PMC6890743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA’s like miRNA, lncRNA, have gained immense importance as a significant regulatory factor in different physiological and developmental processes in plants. In an effort to understand the molecular role of these regulatory agents, in the present study, 3019 lncRNAs and 227 miRNAs were identified from different seed and pod developmental stages in Pigeonpea, a major grain legume of Southeast Asia and Africa. Target analysis revealed that 3768 mRNAs, including 83 TFs were targeted by lncRNAs; whereas 3060 mRNA, including 154 TFs, were targeted by miRNAs. The targeted transcription factors majorly belong to WRKY, MYB, bHLH, etc. families; whereas the targeted genes were associated with the embryo, seed, and flower development. Total 302 lncRNAs interact with miRNAs and formed endogenous target mimics (eTMs) which leads to sequestering of the miRNAs present in the cell. Expression analysis showed that notably, Cc_lncRNA-2830 expression is up-regulated and sequestrates miR160h in pod leading to higher expression of the miR160h target gene, Auxin responsive factor-18. A similar pattern was observed for SPIKE, Auxin signaling F-box-2, Bidirectional sugar transporter, and Starch synthetase-2 eTMs. All the identified target mRNAs code for transcription factor and genes are involved in the processes like cell division, plant growth and development, starch synthesis, sugar transportation and accumulation of storage proteins which are essential for seed and pod development. On a combinatorial basis, our study provides a lncRNA and miRNA based regulatory insight into the genes governing seed and pod development in Pigeonpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Das
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Nigam
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Alim Junaid
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - N K Singh
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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114
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Fatima U, Bhorali P, Senthil-Kumar M. Morpho-Pathological and Global Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Robust Nonhost Resistance Responses in Chickpea Interaction with Alternaria brassicae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1598-1613. [PMID: 31364484 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0117-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae, causes considerable yield loss in Brassica crops. While several blight-resistant varieties have been developed using resistance sources from host germplasm, none of them are entirely successful in imparting durable resistance. This has prompted the exploration of novel gene pools of nonhost plant species. Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a durable form of resistance, comprising pre- and postinvasion layers of defense. We aimed to identify the molecular basis of NHR to A. brassicae and identify the layers of NHR operating in a nonhost, chickpea (Cicer arietinum). To elucidate the layers of NHR operating against A. brassicae, we compared the histopathology and infection patterns of A. brassicae in C. arietinum and Brassica juncea. Delayed conidial germination, impeded hyphal growth, suppressed appressorium formation, and limited hyphal penetration occurred in the nonhost plant compared with the host plant, implying the involvement of the preinvasion layer of NHR in C. arietinum. Next, we investigated the molecular basis of robust NHR, in C. arietinum challenged with A. brassicae, by microarray-based global transcriptome profiling. Genes involved in stomatal closure, cuticular wax biosynthesis, cell-wall modification, and secondary metabolite production (contributing to preinvasion NHR) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death (contributing to postinvasion NHR) were found to be upregulated. Consistent with transcriptomic analysis, the morpho-pathological analysis revealed stomatal closure, ROS accumulation, and localized cell death in C. arietinum as the defense strategies against A. brassicae. Thus, we identified NHR-contributing genes with potential applications in blight resistance gene transfer to B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Fatima
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Priyadarshini Bhorali
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013, Assam, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the StSWEET family genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Genes Genomics 2019; 42:135-153. [PMID: 31782074 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugar will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is a novel type of membrane-embedded sugar transporter that contains seven transmembrane helices with two MtN3/saliva domains. The SWEET family plays crucial roles in multiple processes, including carbohydrate transportation, development, environmental adaptability and host-pathogen interactions. Although SWEET genes, especially those involved in response to biotic stresses, have been extensively characterized in many plants, they have not yet been studied in potato. OBJECTIVE The identification of StSWEET genes provides important candidates for further functional analysis and lays the foundation for the production of good quality and high yield potatoes through molecular breeding. METHODS In this study, StSWEET genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. A comprehensive analysis of StSWEET family through bioinformatics methods, such as phylogenetic tree, gene structure and promoter prediction analysis. The expression profiles of StSWEET genes in different potato tissues and under P. infestans attack and sugar stress were studied using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis classified 33 StSWEET genes into four groups containing 12, 5, 12 and 4 genes. Furthermore, the gene structures and conserved motifs found that the StSWEET genes are very conservative during evolution. The chromosomal localization pattern showed that the distribution and density of the StSWEETs on 10 potato chromosomes were uneven and basically clustered. Predictive promoter analysis indicated that StSWEET proteins are associated with cell growth, development, secondary metabolism, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Finally, the expression patterns of the StSWEET genes in different tissues and the induction of P. infestans and the process of the sugar stress were investigated to obtain the tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates. CONCLUSION This study systematically identifies the SWEET gene family in potato at the genome-wide level, providing important candidates for further functional analysis and contributing to a better understanding of the molecular basis of development and tolerance in potato.
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Xie H, Wang D, Qin Y, Ma A, Fu J, Qin Y, Hu G, Zhao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in Litchi chinensis reveal the involvement of LcSWEET2a/3b in early seed development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:499. [PMID: 31726992 PMCID: PMC6857300 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWEETs (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported transporters) function as sugar efflux transporters that perform diverse physiological functions, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and pathogen nutrition. The SWEET gene family has been identified and characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about in Litchi chinensis, which is an important evergreen fruit crop. RESULTS In this study, 16 LcSWEET genes were identified and nominated according to its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the 7 alpha-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were basically conserved in LcSWEETs. The LcSWEETs were divided into four clades (Clade I to Clade IV) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 8 predicted motifs were detected in the litchi LcSWEET genes. The 16 LcSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in 9 chromosomes and there was one pairs of segmental duplicated events by synteny analysis. The expression patterns of the 16 LcSWEET genes showed higher expression levels in reproductive organs. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of LcSWEET2a and LcSWEET3b indicated they play central roles during early seed development. CONCLUSIONS The litchi genome contained 16 SWEET genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. Gene expression suggested that LcSWEETs played important roles in the growth and development of litchi fruits. Genes that regulate early seed development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SWEET gene family in litchi, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies of LcSWEET genes and improvement of litchi fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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117
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Zhang J, Lu Z, Pan Y, Ren T, Cong R, Lu J, Li X. Potassium deficiency aggravates yield loss in rice by restricting the translocation of non-structural carbohydrates under Sarocladium oryzae infection condition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:352-364. [PMID: 30536828 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sheath rot disease (ShR) caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease that causes severe yield loss by restricting the translocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Potassium (K) nutrition plays a critical role in disease resistance and the exportation of NSC. However, the physiological mechanisms of K with respect to ShR have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The objectives of this study were to reveal the mechanisms by which K increases ShR resistance by regulating NSC translocation of rice, therefore, a field experiment combined with an inoculation experiment was conducted. We demonstrate that ShR disease incidence and disease index decreased dramatically with an increasing K application. K deficiency sharply induced the accumulation of NSC in the flag leaf (FL) and flag leaf sheath (FLS) under S. oryzae infection condition, which reduced the contribution of transferred NSC to final yield. A permutational multivariate analysis showed that K deficiency had a greater (49.0%, P < 0.001) effect on the NSC content variation in FL than that of S. oryzae infection (15.0%, P < 0.001). S. oryzae infection dramatically increased the difference in apparent transferred mass of NSC and cell membrane injury of diseased organs between K-deficient and K-sufficient rice. Finally, we demonstrate that cell membrane injury was a limiting factor imposed by K deficiency, which restricts the export of NSC from source organs. This work highlights the importance of K in improving ShR resistance by regulating NSC translocation (particularly the stem NSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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An J, Zeng T, Ji C, de Graaf S, Zheng Z, Xiao TT, Deng X, Xiao S, Bisseling T, Limpens E, Pan Z. A Medicago truncatula SWEET transporter implicated in arbuscule maintenance during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:396-408. [PMID: 31148173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants form a mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which facilitates the acquisition of scarce minerals from the soil. In return, the host plants provide sugars and lipids to its fungal partner. However, the mechanism by which the AM fungi obtain sugars from the plant has remained elusive. In this study we investigated the role of potential SWEET family sugar exporters in AM symbiosis in Medicago truncatula. We show that M. truncatula SWEET1b transporter is strongly upregulated in arbuscule-containing cells compared to roots and localizes to the peri-arbuscular membrane, across which nutrient exchange takes place. Heterologous expression of MtSWEET1b in a yeast hexose transport mutant showed that it mainly transports glucose. Overexpression of MtSWEET1b in M. truncatula roots promoted the growth of intraradical mycelium during AM symbiosis. Surprisingly, two independent Mtsweet1b mutants, which are predicted to produce truncated protein variants impaired in glucose transport, exhibited no significant defects in AM symbiosis. However, arbuscule-specific overexpression of MtSWEET1bY57A/G58D , which are considered to act in a dominant-negative manner, resulted in enhanced collapse of arbuscules. Taken together, our results reveal a (redundant) role for MtSWEET1b in the transport of glucose across the peri-arbuscular membrane to maintain arbuscules for a healthy mutually beneficial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong An
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chuanya Ji
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sanne de Graaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zijun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Ting Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research & Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland College Park, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Perez-Quintero AL, Szurek B. A Decade Decoded: Spies and Hackers in the History of TAL Effectors Research. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:459-481. [PMID: 31387457 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from the genus Xanthomonas are proteins with the remarkable ability to directly bind the promoters of genes in the plant host to induce their expression, which often helps bacterial colonization. Metaphorically, TALEs act as spies that infiltrate the plant disguised as high-ranking civilians (transcription factors) to trick the plant into activating weak points that allow an invasion. Current knowledge of how TALEs operate allows researchers to predict their activity (counterespionage) and exploit their function, engineering them to do our bidding (a Manchurian agent). This has been possible thanks particularly to the discovery of their DNA binding mechanism, which obeys specific amino acid-DNA correspondences (the TALE code). Here, we review the history of how researchers discovered the way these proteins work and what has changed in the ten years since the discovery of the code. Recommended music for reading this review can be found in the Supplemental Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro L Perez-Quintero
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1177, USA;
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, IPME, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Boris Szurek
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, IPME, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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120
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Kim YA, Moon H, Park CJ. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of Os8N3 in rice to confer resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:67. [PMID: 31446506 PMCID: PMC6708514 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome editing tools are important for functional genomics research and biotechnology applications. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) system for gene knockout has emerged as the most effective genome-editing tool. It has previously been reported that, in rice plants, knockdown of the Os8N3 gene resulted in enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), while displaying abnormal pollen development. RESULTS The CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to knockout rice Os8N3, in order to confer enhanced resistance to Xoo. Analysis of the genotypes and edited Os8N3 in T0, T1, T2, and T3 transgenic rice plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generations, and homozygous mutants displayed significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo. Stable transmission of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 gene editing without the transferred DNA (T-DNA) was confirmed by segregation in the T1 generation. With respect to many investigated agronomic traits including pollen development, there was no significant difference between homozygous mutants and non-transgenic control plants under greenhouse growth conditions. CONCLUSION Data from this study indicate that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 edition can be successfully employed for non-transgenic crop improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 South Korea
| | - Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 South Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 South Korea
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121
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Wipf D, Krajinski F, van Tuinen D, Recorbet G, Courty PE. Trading on the arbuscular mycorrhiza market: from arbuscules to common mycorrhizal networks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1127-1142. [PMID: 30843207 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis occurs between obligate biotrophic fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and most land plants. The exchange of nutrients between host plants and AM fungi (AMF) is presumed to be the main benefit for the two symbiotic partners. In this review article, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation). First, we focus on phosphorus and nitrogen transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, and on the reciprocal transfer of carbon compounds, with a highlight on a possible interplay between nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition during AM symbiosis. We further discuss potential mechanisms of regulation of these nutrient exchanges linked to membrane dynamics. The review finally addresses the common mycorrhizal networks formed AMF, which interconnect plants from similar and/or different species. Finally the best way to integrate this knowledge and the ensuing potential benefits of AM into sustainable agriculture is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Franziska Krajinski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
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Cox KL, Babilonia K, Wheeler T, He P, Shan L. Return of old foes - recurrence of bacterial blight and Fusarium wilt of cotton. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:95-103. [PMID: 31075542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight of cotton, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum, and Fusarium wilt of cotton, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, contribute cotton losses worldwide. Resurgences of these diseases in the United States were reported in recent years. There is a pressing need to understand pathogenicity and host responses to the pathogens and develop effective strategies for disease prevention and management. Here, we discuss the current status of bacterial blight and Fusarium wilt of cotton in the field as well as the knowledge of cotton resistance and susceptibility to these pathogens. In addition, we aim to provide insights into how these diseases are recurring and possible methods to use current technologies for biological control of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Cox
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kevin Babilonia
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Terry Wheeler
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | - Ping He
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Ishikawa Y, Murai Y, Sakata M, Mori S, Matsuo S, Senuma W, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, Kai K. Activation of Ralfuranone/Ralstonin Production by Plant Sugars Functions in the Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1546-1555. [PMID: 31246411 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria possess sophisticated mechanisms to detect the presence of host plants by sensing host-derived compounds. Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt on solanaceous plants, employs quorum sensing to control the production of the secondary metabolite ralfuranones/ralstonins, which have been suggested to be involved in virulence. Here, we report that d-galactose and d-glucose, plant sugars, activate the production of ralfuranones/ralstonins in R. solanacearum. As a result, two new derivatives, ralfuranone M (1) and ralstonin C (2), were found in the culture extracts, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Ralstonin C (2) is a cyclic lipopeptide containing a unique fatty acid, (2S,3S,Z)-3-amino-2-hydroxyicos-13-enoic acid, whereas ralfuranone M (1) has a common aryl-furanone structure with other ralfuranones. d-Galactose and d-glucose activated the expression of the biosynthetic ralfuranone/ralstonin genes and in part became the biosynthetic source of ralfuranones/ralstonins. Ralfuranones and ralstonins were detected from the xylem fluid of the infected tomato plants, and their production-deficient mutants exhibited reduced virulence on tomato and tobacco plants. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of ralfuranone/ralstonin production by host sugars functions in R. solanacearum virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Megumi Sakata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Shoko Mori
- Bioorganic Research Institute , Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences , 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho , Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284 , Japan
| | - Shoma Matsuo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Wakana Senuma
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology , Kochi University , 200 Otsu, Monobe , Nanko-ku, Kochi 783-8502 , Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics , Kochi University , 200 Otsu, Monobe , Nanko-ku, Kochi 783-8502 , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology , Kochi University , 200 Otsu, Monobe , Nanko-ku, Kochi 783-8502 , Japan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
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124
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Rodenburg SYA, Seidl MF, Judelson HS, Vu AL, Govers F, de Ridder D. Metabolic Model of the Phytophthora infestans-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization. mBio 2019; 10:e00454-19. [PMID: 31289172 PMCID: PMC6747730 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00454-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, a disease that is a serious threat to agriculture. P. infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and during infection, it scavenges nutrients from living host cells for its own proliferation. To date, the nutrient flux from host to pathogen during infection has hardly been studied, and the interlinked metabolisms of the pathogen and host remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed an integrated metabolic model of P. infestans and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by integrating two previously published models for both species. We used this integrated model to simulate metabolic fluxes from host to pathogen and explored the topology of the model to study the dependencies of the metabolism of P. infestans on that of tomato. This showed, for example, that P. infestans, a thiamine auxotroph, depends on certain metabolic reactions of the tomato thiamine biosynthesis. We also exploited dual-transcriptome data of a time course of a full late blight infection cycle on tomato leaves and integrated the expression of metabolic enzymes in the model. This revealed profound changes in pathogen-host metabolism during infection. As infection progresses, P. infestans performs less de novo synthesis of metabolites and scavenges more metabolites from tomato. This integrated metabolic model for the P. infestans-tomato interaction provides a framework to integrate data and generate hypotheses about in planta nutrition of P. infestans throughout its infection cycle.IMPORTANCE Late blight disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans leads to extensive yield losses in tomato and potato cultivation worldwide. To effectively control this pathogen, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms shaping the interaction with its hosts is paramount. While considerable work has focused on exploring host defense mechanisms and identifying P. infestans proteins contributing to virulence and pathogenicity, the nutritional strategies of the pathogen are mostly unresolved. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be used to simulate metabolic fluxes and help in unravelling the complex nature of metabolism. We integrated a GEM of tomato with a GEM of P. infestans to simulate the metabolic fluxes that occur during infection. This yields insights into the nutrients that P. infestans obtains during different phases of the infection cycle and helps in generating hypotheses about nutrition in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Y A Rodenburg
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Howard S Judelson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Andrea L Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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125
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Filyushin MA, Kochieva EZ, Shchennikova AV, Beletsky AV, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV, Skryabin KG. SWEET Uniporter Gene Family Expression Profile in the Pitcher Development in the Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes sp. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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126
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Ho LH, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus HE, Ko HY, Hsieh SY, Guo WJ. SlSWEET1a is involved in glucose import to young leaves in tomato plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3241-3254. [PMID: 30958535 PMCID: PMC6598072 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar allocation from source to sink (young) leaves, critical for plant development, relies on activities of plasma membrane sugar transporters. However, the key sugar unloading mechanism to sink leaves remains elusive. SWEET transporters mediate sugar efflux into reproductive sinks; therefore, they are promising candidates for sugar unloading during leaf growth. Transcripts of SlSWEET1a, belonging to clade I of the SWEET family, were markedly more abundant than those of all other 30 SlSWEET genes in young leaves of tomatoes. High expression of SlSWEET1a was also detected in reproductive sinks, such as flowers. SlSWEET1a was dominantly expressed in leaf unloading veins, and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane using Arabidopsis protoplasts, further implicating this carrier in sugar unloading. In addition, yeast growth assays and radiotracer uptake analyses further demonstrated that SlSWEET1a acted as a low-affinity (Km ~100 mM) glucose-specific carrier with a passive diffusion manner. Finally, virus-induced gene silencing of SlSWEET1a expression reduced hexose accumulation to ~50% in young leaves, with a parallel 2-fold increase in mature leaves. Thus, we propose a novel function for SlSWEET1a in the uptake of glucose into unloading cells as part of the sugar unloading mechanism in sink leaves of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Han-Yu Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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127
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Selvam B, Yu YC, Chen LQ, Shukla D. Molecular Basis of the Glucose Transport Mechanism in Plants. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1085-1096. [PMID: 31263768 PMCID: PMC6598156 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The SWEET family belongs to a class of transporters in plants that undergoes large conformational changes to facilitate transport of sugar molecules across the cell membrane (SWEET, Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter). However, the structures of their functionally relevant conformational states in the transport cycle have not been reported. In this study, we have characterized the conformational dynamics and complete transport cycle of glucose in the OsSWEET2b transporter using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Using Markov state models, we estimated the free energy barrier associated with different states as well as for the glucose transport mechanism. SWEETs undergo a structural transition to outward-facing (OF), occluded (OC), and inward-facing (IF) and strongly support an alternate access transport mechanism. The glucose diffuses freely from outside to inside the cell without causing major conformational changes which means that the conformations of glucose unbound and bound snapshots are exactly the same for OF, OC, and IF states. We identified a network of hydrophobic core residues at the center of the transporter that restricts the glucose entry to the cytoplasmic side and acts as an intracellular hydrophobic gate. The mechanistic predictions from molecular dynamics simulations are validated using site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Our simulation also revealed hourglass-like intermediate states making the pore radius narrower at the center. This work provides new fundamental insights into how substrate-transporter interactions actively change the free energy landscape of the transport cycle to facilitate enhanced transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Selvam
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ya-Chi Yu
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center
for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- NIH
Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- E-mail:
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Song Y, Yang X, Yang S, Wang J. Transcriptome sequencing and functional analysis of Sedum lineare Thunb. upon salt stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1441-1453. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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129
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Hao G, Ammar D, Duan Y, Stover E. Transgenic citrus plants expressing a ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ prophage protein LasP235 display Huanglongbing-like symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2019.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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130
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Misra VA, Wafula EK, Wang Y, dePamphilis CW, Timko MP. Genome-wide identification of MST, SUT and SWEET family sugar transporters in root parasitic angiosperms and analysis of their expression during host parasitism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:196. [PMID: 31088371 PMCID: PMC6515653 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root parasitic weeds are a major constraint to crop production worldwide causing significant yearly losses in yield and economic value. These parasites cause their destruction by attaching to their hosts with a unique organ, the haustorium, that allows them to obtain the nutrients (sugars, amino acids, etc.) needed to complete their lifecycle. Parasitic weeds differ in their nutritional requirements and degree of host dependency and the differential expression of sugar transporters is likely to be a critical component in the parasite's post-attachment survival. RESULTS We identified gene families encoding monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) in three root-parasitic weeds differing in host dependency: Triphysaria versicolor (facultative hemiparasite), Phelipanche aegyptiaca (holoparasite), and Striga hermonthica (obligate hemiparasite). The phylogenetic relationship and differential expression profiles of these genes throughout parasite development were examined to uncover differences existing among parasites with different levels of host dependence. Differences in estimated gene numbers are found among the three parasites, and orthologs within the different sugar transporter gene families are found to be either conserved among the parasites in their expression profiles throughout development, or to display parasite-specific differences in developmentally-timed expression. For example, MST genes in the pGLT clade express most highly before host connection in Striga and Triphysaria but not Phelipanche, whereas genes in the MST ERD6-like clade are highly expressed in the post-connection growth stages of Phelipanche but highest in the germination and reproduction stages in Striga. Whether such differences reflect changes resulting from differential host dependence levels is not known. CONCLUSIONS While it is tempting to speculate that differences in estimated gene numbers and expression profiles among members of MST, SUT and SWEET gene families in Phelipanche, Striga and Triphysaria reflect the parasites' levels of host dependence, additional evidence that altered transporter gene expression is causative versus consequential is needed. Our findings identify potential targets for directed manipulation that will allow for a better understanding of the nutrient transport process and perhaps a means for controlling the devastating effects of these parasites on crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram A. Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Eric K. Wafula
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
- Present Address: Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 571 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6848 USA
| | | | - Michael P. Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
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Asami P, Rupasinghe T, Moghaddam L, Njaci I, Roessner U, Mundree S, Williams B. Roots of the Resurrection Plant Tripogon loliiformis Survive Desiccation Without the Activation of Autophagy Pathways by Maintaining Energy Reserves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:459. [PMID: 31105716 PMCID: PMC6494956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile, plants must regulate energy balance, potentially via source-sink relations, to compromise growth with survival in stressful conditions. Crops are sensitive, possibly because they allocate their energy resources toward growth and yield rather than stress tolerance. In contrast, resurrection plants tightly regulate sugar metabolism and use a series of physiological adaptations to suppress cell death in their vegetative tissue to regain full metabolic capacity from a desiccated state within 72 h of watering. Previously, we showed that shoots of the resurrection plant Tripogon loliiformis, initiate autophagy upon dehydration as one strategy to reinstate homeostasis and suppress cell death. Here, we describe the relationship between energy status, sugar metabolism, trehalose-mediated activation of autophagy pathways and investigate whether shoots and roots utilize similar desiccation tolerance strategies. We show that despite containing high levels of trehalose, dehydrated Tripogon roots do not display elevated activation of autophagy pathways. Using targeted and non-targeted metabolomics, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and transcriptomics we show that T. loliiformis engages a strategy similar to the long-term drought responses of sensitive plants and continues to use the roots as a sink even during sustained stress. Dehydrating T. loliiformis roots contained more sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate compared to shoots at an equivalent water content. The increased resources in the roots provides sufficient energy to cope with stress and thus autophagy is not required. These results were confirmed by the absence of autophagosomes in roots by TEM. Upregulation of sweet genes in both shoots and roots show transcriptional regulation of sucrose translocation from leaves to roots and within roots during dehydration. Differences in the cell's metabolic status caused starkly different cell death responses between shoots and roots. These findings show how shoots and roots utilize different stress response strategies and may provide candidate targets that can be used as tools for the improvement of stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Asami
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Isaac Njaci
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sagadevan Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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132
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Niche-specific metabolic adaptation in biotrophic and necrotrophic oomycetes is manifested in differential use of nutrients, variation in gene content, and enzyme evolution. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007729. [PMID: 31002734 PMCID: PMC6493774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of host nutrients to support pathogen growth is central to disease. We addressed the relationship between metabolism and trophic behavior by comparing metabolic gene expression during potato tuber colonization by two oomycetes, the hemibiotroph Phytophthora infestans and the necrotroph Pythium ultimum. Genes for several pathways including amino acid, nucleotide, and cofactor biosynthesis were expressed more by Ph. infestans during its biotrophic stage compared to Py. ultimum. In contrast, Py. ultimum had higher expression of genes for metabolizing compounds that are normally sequestered within plant cells but released to the pathogen upon plant cell lysis, such as starch and triacylglycerides. The transcription pattern of metabolic genes in Ph. infestans during late infection became more like that of Py. ultimum, consistent with the former's transition to necrotrophy. Interspecific variation in metabolic gene content was limited but included the presence of γ-amylase only in Py. ultimum. The pathogens were also found to employ strikingly distinct strategies for using nitrate. Measurements of mRNA, 15N labeling studies, enzyme assays, and immunoblotting indicated that the assimilation pathway in Ph. infestans was nitrate-insensitive but induced during amino acid and ammonium starvation. In contrast, the pathway was nitrate-induced but not amino acid-repressed in Py. ultimum. The lack of amino acid repression in Py. ultimum appears due to the absence of a transcription factor common to fungi and Phytophthora that acts as a nitrogen metabolite repressor. Evidence for functional diversification in nitrate reductase protein was also observed. Its temperature optimum was adapted to each organism's growth range, and its Km was much lower in Py. ultimum. In summary, we observed divergence in patterns of gene expression, gene content, and enzyme function which contribute to the fitness of each species in its niche. A key feature of disease is the pathogen's consumption of host metabolites to support its growth and multiplication. Understanding how host nutrients are used by pathogens may lead to strategies for limiting disease, for example by developing inhibitors of metabolic pathways needed for pathogen growth. Feeding strategies of plant pathogens range between two extremes: necrotrophs kill host cells and consume the released nutrients, while biotrophs do not injure host cells but instead acquire nutrients from extracellular spaces in the plant. In this study, a comparison was made between the metabolism of Phytophthora infestans (the infamous Irish Famine pathogen) and Pythium ultimum during potato tuber colonization. These microbes have close evolutionary histories, but while Py. ultimum is a necrotroph, Ph. infestans is a biotroph for most of the disease cycle. It was discovered that distinct patterns of metabolic gene expression, gene content, and enzyme behavior underlie these lifestyles. For example, genes for utilizing compounds that are normally stored within plant cells were expressed more by Py. ultimum, while Ph. infestans appeared to synthesize more biosubstances from precursors. Several differences in carbon and nitrogen metabolism were linked to variation in enzyme content and gene expression regulators in the two species.
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133
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Sun W, Gao Z, Wang J, Huang Y, Chen Y, Li J, Lv M, Wang J, Luo M, Zuo K. Cotton fiber elongation requires the transcription factor GhMYB212 to regulate sucrose transportation into expanding fibers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:864-881. [PMID: 30506685 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is white gold across the globe and composed of fiber cells derived from the outer integument of cotton ovules. Fiber elongation uses sucrose as a direct carbon source. The molecular mechanism transcriptionally controlling sucrose transport from ovules into the elongating fibers remains elusive. In this study the involvement of GhMYB212 in the regulation of sucrose transportion into expanding fibers was investigated. GhMYB212 RNAi plants (GhMYB212i) accumulated less sucrose and glucose in developing fibers, and had shorter fibers and a lower lint index. RNA-seq and protein-DNA binding assays revealed that GhMYB212 was closely linked to the pathways of sucrose and starch transportation and metabolism, directly controling the expression of a sucrose transporter gene GhSWEET12. GhSWEET12 RNAi plants (GhSWEET12i) possessed similar fiber phenotypes to those of GhMYB212i. Exogenous sucrose supplementation in ovule cultures did not rescue the shorter fiber phenotype of GhMYB212i and GhSWEET12i. This finding supported the idea that the attenuated rate of sucrose transport from the outer seed coat into the fibers is responsible for the retardation of fiber elongation. Current investigations support the idea that GhMYB212 functions as the main regulator of fiber elongation by controlling the expression of GhSWEET12, and therefore it is important to study cell expansion and sugar transportation during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengyin Gao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiqun Huang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengli Lv
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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134
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Knorst V, Byrne S, Yates S, Asp T, Widmer F, Studer B, Kölliker R. Pooled DNA sequencing to identify SNPs associated with a major QTL for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:947-958. [PMID: 30506318 PMCID: PMC6449324 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SNPs and candidate genes associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass were identified by sequencing the parental plants and pooled F1 progeny of a segregating population. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important forage grass species in temperate regions. Its yield, quality and persistency can significantly be reduced by bacterial wilt, a serious disease caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis. Although a major QTL for bacterial wilt resistance has previously been reported, detailed knowledge on underlying genes and DNA markers to allow for efficient resistance breeding strategies is currently not available. We used pooled DNA sequencing to characterize a major QTL for bacterial wilt resistance of Italian ryegrass and to develop inexpensive sequence-based markers to efficiently target resistance alleles for marker-assisted recurrent selection. From the mapping population segregating for the QTL, DNA of 44 of the most resistant and 44 of the most susceptible F1 individuals was pooled and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Allele frequencies of 18 × 106 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were determined in the resistant and susceptible pool. A total of 271 SNPs on 140 scaffold sequences of the reference parental genome showed significantly different allele frequencies in both pools. We converted 44 selected SNPs to KASP™ markers, genetically mapped these proximal to the major QTL and thus validated their association with bacterial wilt resistance. This study highlights the power of pooled DNA sequencing to efficiently target binary traits in biparental mapping populations. It delivers genome sequence data, SNP markers and potential candidate genes which will allow to implement marker-assisted strategies to fix bacterial wilt resistance in outcrossing breeding populations of Italian ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Knorst
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Crops Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Steven Yates
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section for Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Franco Widmer
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kölliker
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland.
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135
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de Haro LA, Arellano SM, Novák O, Feil R, Dumón AD, Mattio MF, Tarkowská D, Llauger G, Strnad M, Lunn JE, Pearce S, Figueroa CM, del Vas M. Mal de Río Cuarto virus infection causes hormone imbalance and sugar accumulation in wheat leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:112. [PMID: 30902042 PMCID: PMC6431059 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) infects several monocotyledonous species including maize and wheat. Infected plants show shortened internodes, partial sterility, increased tillering and reduced root length. To better understand the molecular basis of the plant-virus interactions leading to these symptoms, we combined RNA sequencing with metabolite and hormone measurements. RESULTS More than 3000 differentially accumulated transcripts (DATs) were detected in MRCV-infected wheat plants at 21 days post inoculation compared to mock-inoculated plants. Infected plants exhibited decreased levels of TaSWEET13 transcripts, which are involved in sucrose phloem loading. Soluble sugars, starch, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), and organic and amino acids were all higher in MRCV-infected plants. In addition, several transcripts related to plant hormone metabolism, transport and signalling were increased upon MRCV infection. Transcripts coding for GA20ox, D14, MAX2 and SMAX1-like proteins involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and strigolactone signalling, were reduced. Transcripts involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, perception and signalling and in auxin transport were also altered. Hormone measurements showed that jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly higher in infected leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MRCV causes a profound hormonal imbalance that, together with alterations in sugar partitioning, could account for the symptoms observed in MRCV-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Maité Arellano
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Llauger
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - John Edward Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | | | - Mariana del Vas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
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136
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Podolsky IA, Seppälä S, Lankiewicz TS, Brown JL, Swift CL, O'Malley MA. Harnessing Nature's Anaerobes for Biotechnology and Bioprocessing. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2019; 10:105-128. [PMID: 30883214 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology has the potential to decrease our reliance on petroleum for fuel and bio-based chemical production and also enable valorization of waste streams. Anaerobic microorganisms thrive in resource-limited environments and offer an array of novel bioactivities in this regard that could revolutionize biomanufacturing. However, they have not been adopted for widespread industrial use owing to their strict growth requirements, limited number of available strains, difficulty in scale-up, and genetic intractability. This review provides an overview of current and future uses for anaerobes in biotechnology and bioprocessing in the postgenomic era. We focus on the recently characterized anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) native to the digestive tract of large herbivores, which possess a trove of enzymes, pathways, transporters, and other biomolecules that can be harnessed for numerous biotechnological applications. Resolving current genetic intractability, scale-up, and cultivation challenges will unlock the potential of these lignocellulolytic fungi and other nonmodel micro-organisms to accelerate bio-based production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Podolsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Susanna Seppälä
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Thomas S Lankiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Candice L Swift
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Michelle A O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
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137
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Gautam T, Saripalli G, Gahlaut V, Kumar A, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Further studies on sugar transporter (SWEET) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2327-2353. [PMID: 30830588 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SWEET proteins represent one of the largest sugar transporter family in the plant kingdom and play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. In the present study, a total of 108 TaSWEET genes distributed on all the 21 wheat chromosomes were identified using the latest whole genome sequence (as against 59 genes reported in an earlier report). These 108 genes included 14 of the 17 types reported in Arabidopsis and also included three novel types. Tandem duplications (22) and segmental duplications (5) played a significant role in the expansion of TaSWEET family. A number of cis-elements were also identified in the promoter regions of TaSWEET genes, indicating response of TaSWEET genes during development and also during biotic/abiotic stresses. The TaSWEET proteins carried 4-7 trans-membrane helices (TMHs) showing diversity in structure. Phylogenetic analysis using SWEET proteins of wheat and 8 other species gave four well-known clusters. Expression analysis involving both in silico and in planta indicated relatively higher expression of TaSWEET genes in water/heat sensitive and leaf rust resistant genotypes. The results provided insights into the functional role of TaSWEETs in biotic and abiotic stresses, which may further help in planning strategies to develop high yielding wheat varieties tolerant to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Advance Center for Computational & Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Dehradun, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.
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138
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Zhang C, Lv M, Yin W, Dong T, Chang C, Miao Y, Jia Y, Deng Y. Xanthomonas campestris Promotes Diffusible Signal Factor Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Utilizing Glucose and Sucrose from Host Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:157-166. [PMID: 30156480 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0187-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate its biological functions and virulence. Our previous study showed that X. campestris pv. campestris utilizes host plant metabolites to enhance the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. However, it is unclear how X. campestris pv. campestris benefits from the metabolic products of the host plant. In this study, we observed that the host plant metabolites not only boosted the production of the DSF family signals but also modulated the expression levels of DSF-regulated genes in X. campestris pv. campestris. Infection with X. campestris pv. campestris induced changes in the expression of many sugar transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous addition of sucrose or glucose, which are the major products of photosynthesis in plants, enhanced DSF signal production and X. campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis model. In addition, several sucrose hydrolase-encoding genes in X. campestris pv. campestris and sucrose invertase-encoding genes in the host plant were notably upregulated during the infection process. These enzymes hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose and fructose, and in trans expression of one of these enzymes, CINV1 of A. thaliana or XC_0805 of X. campestris pv. campestris, enhanced DSF signal biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris in the presence of sucrose. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that X. campestris pv. campestris applies multiple strategies to utilize host plant sugars to enhance QS and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Mingfa Lv
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
| | - Wenfang Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Tingyan Dong
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Changqing Chang
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
| | - Yansong Miao
- 4 School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551; and
| | - Yantao Jia
- 5 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
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139
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yu F, Tang J, Shan X, Bao K, Yu L, Wang H, Fei Z, Li J. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of SWEET genes in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) reveal their roles in chilling and clubroot disease responses. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:93. [PMID: 30696401 PMCID: PMC6352454 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET proteins are a group of sugar transporters that play a role in sugar efflux during a range of biological processes, including stress responses. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the SWEET family genes in Brassica oleracea (BoSWEET), and the evolutionary pattern, phylogenetic relationship, gene characteristics of BoSWEET genes and their expression patterns under biotic and abiotic stresses remain largely unexplored. RESULTS A total of 30 BoSWEET genes were identified and divided into four clades in B. oleracea. Phylogenetic analysis of the BoSWEET proteins indicated that clade II formed first, followed by clade I, clade IV and clade III, successively. Clade III, the newest clade, shows signs of rapid expansion. The Ks values of the orthologous SWEET gene pairs between B. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana ranged from 0.30 to 0.45, which estimated that B. oleracea diverged from A. thaliana approximately 10 to 15 million years ago. Prediction of transmembrane regions showed that eight BoSWEET proteins contain one characteristic MtN3_slv domain, twenty-one contain two, and one has four. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that five BoSWEET genes from clades III and IV exhibited reduced expression levels under chilling stress. Additionally, the expression levels of six BoSWEET genes were up-regulated in roots of a clubroot-susceptible cabbage cultivar (CS-JF1) at 7 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae compared with uninoculated plants, indicating that these genes may play important roles in transporting sugars into sink roots associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis of a subset of BoSWEET proteins indicated that they are localized in the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the evolution of the SWEET gene family in B. oleracea and other species, and represents the first study to characterize phylogenetic relationship, gene structures and expression patterns of the BoSWEET genes. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of BoSWEET genes, as well as potential candidate BoSWEET genes that promote sugar transport to enhance chilling tolerance and clubroot disease resistance in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Shan
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Li Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
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140
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Zakhartsev M. Using a Multi-compartmental Metabolic Model to Predict Carbon Allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2014:345-369. [PMID: 31197808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9562-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of loading/unloading of sucrose into/from the phloem plays an important role in sucrose translocation among plant tissues. Perturbation of this mechanism results in growth phenotypes of a plant. In order to better understand the coupling of sucrose translocation with metabolic processes a multi-compartmental metabolic network of Arabidopsis thaliana was reconstructed and optimized with respect to biomass growth, both in light and in dark conditions. The model can be used to perform flux balance analysis of metabolic fluxes through the central carbon metabolism and catabolic and anabolic pathways. Balances and turnover of energy (ATP/ADP) and redox metabolites (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)) as well as proton concentrations in different compartments can be estimated. Importantly, the model can be used to quantify the translocation of sucrose from source to sink tissues through phloem in association with an integral balance of protons, which in turn is defined by the operational modes of the energy metabolism (light and dark conditions). This chapter describes how a multi-compartmental model to predict carbon allocation is constructed and used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Zakhartsev
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
- Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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141
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Kafle A, Garcia K, Wang X, Pfeffer PE, Strahan GD, Bücking H. Nutrient demand and fungal access to resources control the carbon allocation to the symbiotic partners in tripartite interactions of Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:270-284. [PMID: 29859016 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legumes form tripartite interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia, and both root symbionts exchange nutrients against carbon from their host. The carbon costs of these interactions are substantial, but our current understanding of how the host controls its carbon allocation to individual root symbionts is limited. We examined nutrient uptake and carbon allocation in tripartite interactions of Medicago truncatula under different nutrient supply conditions, and when the fungal partner had access to nitrogen, and followed the gene expression of several plant transporters of the Sucrose Uptake Transporter (SUT) and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) family. Tripartite interactions led to synergistic growth responses and stimulated the phosphate and nitrogen uptake of the plant. Plant nutrient demand but also fungal access to nutrients played an important role for the carbon transport to different root symbionts, and the plant allocated more carbon to rhizobia under nitrogen demand, but more carbon to the fungal partner when nitrogen was available. These changes in carbon allocation were consistent with changes in the SUT and SWEET expression. Our study provides important insights into how the host plant controls its carbon allocation under different nutrient supply conditions and changes its carbon allocation to different root symbionts to maximize its symbiotic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kafle
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Kevin Garcia
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Xiurong Wang
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
- South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip E Pfeffer
- Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennslyvania
| | - Gary D Strahan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennslyvania
| | - Heike Bücking
- South Dakota State University, Biology and Microbiology Department, Brookings, South Dakota
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142
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Hennion N, Durand M, Vriet C, Doidy J, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N. Sugars en route to the roots. Transport, metabolism and storage within plant roots and towards microorganisms of the rhizosphere. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:44-57. [PMID: 29704246 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the root is a typical sink organ that relies exclusively on the import of sugar from the aerial parts. Sucrose is delivered by the phloem to the most distant root tips and, en route to the tip, is used by the different root tissues for metabolism and storage. Besides, a certain portion of this carbon is exuded in the rhizosphere, supplied to beneficial microorganisms and diverted by parasitic microbes. The transport of sugars toward these numerous sinks either occurs symplastically through cell connections (plasmodesmata) or is apoplastically mediated through membrane transporters (MST, mononsaccharide tranporters, SUT/SUC, H+/sucrose transporters and SWEET, Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) that control monosaccharide and sucrose fluxes. Here, we review recent progresses on carbon partitioning within and outside roots, discussing membrane transporters involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hennion
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Mickael Durand
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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143
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Wu Y, Peng W, Xiong F. Sucrose transport involves in disease response to Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1656949. [PMID: 31578915 PMCID: PMC6866690 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1656949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugar acts as an important nutrient for plant development. Previously, we reported that Oryza sativa DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER 11 (OsDOF11) plays a crucial role in sucrose transport by binding promoters of sucrose transporter genes, OsSUT1, OsSWEET11, and OsSWEET14. Meanwhile, sucrose transport activity abnormal also involved susceptibility to infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) by OsSWEET genes. Here, we provid an addendum, that OsDOF11 expression pattern in spikelet development stage, and transcript levels of OsSWEET12, OsSWEET13, OsSWEET15, and OsSWEET16 in the mutants of OsDOF11 at different developmental stages. This information further supplied a new insight that sucrose transport activity mediated susceptibility to Xoo infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CONTACT Yunfei Wu ; Fei Xiong Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wangmenghan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CONTACT Yunfei Wu ; Fei Xiong Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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144
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Li P, Chang T, Chang S, Ouyang X, Qu M, Song Q, Xiao L, Xia S, Deng Q, Zhu XG. Systems model-guided rice yield improvements based on genes controlling source, sink, and flow. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1154-1180. [PMID: 30415497 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A large number of genes related to source, sink, and flow have been identified after decades of research in plant genetics. Unfortunately, these genes have not been effectively utilized in modern crop breeding. This perspective paper aims to examine the reasons behind such a phenomenon and propose a strategy to resolve this situation. Specifically, we first systematically survey the currently cloned genes related to source, sink, and flow; then we discuss three factors hindering effective application of these identified genes, which include the lack of effective methods to identify limiting or critical steps in a signaling network, the misplacement of emphasis on properties, at the leaf, instead of the whole canopy level, and the non-linear complex interaction between source, sink, and flow. Finally, we propose the development of systems models of source, sink and flow, together with a detailed simulation of interactions between them and their surrounding environments, to guide effective use of the identified elements in modern rice breeding. These systems models will contribute directly to the definition of crop ideotype and also identification of critical features and parameters that limit the yield potential in current cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Phytochromes, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiangen Chang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuoqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Phytochromes, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shitou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Phytochromes, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiyun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
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145
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Hu W, Hua X, Zhang Q, Wang J, Shen Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Yu Q, Lin YR, Ming R, Zhang J. New insights into the evolution and functional divergence of the SWEET family in Saccharum based on comparative genomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:270. [PMID: 30404601 PMCID: PMC6222987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) gene family is a recently identified group of sugar transporters that play an indispensable role in sugar efflux, phloem loading, plant-pathogen interaction, nectar secretion, and reproductive tissue development. However, little information on Saccharum SWEET is available for this crop with a complex genetic background. RESULTS In this study, 22 SWEET genes were identified from Saccharum spontaneum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome libraries sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of SWEETs from 11 representative plant species showed that gene expansions of the SWEET family were mainly caused by the recent gene duplication in dicot plants, while these gene expansions were attributed to the ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) in monocot plant species. Gene expression profiles were obtained from RNA-seq analysis. SWEET1a and SWEET2s had higher expression levels in the transitional zone and maturing zone than in the other analyzed zones. SWEET1b was mainly expressed in the leaf tissues and the mature zone of the leaf of both S. spontaneum and S. officinarum, and displayed a peak in the morning and was undetectable in both sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells from the mature stalks of S. officinarum. SsSWEET4a\4b had higher expression levels than SWEET4c and were mainly expressed in the stems of seedlings and mature plants. SWEET13s are recently duplicated genes, and the expression of SWEET13s dramatically increased from the maturing to mature zones. SWEET16b's expression was not detected in S. officinarum, but displayed a rhythmic diurnal expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the gene evolutionary history of SWEETs in Saccharum and SWEET1b was found to be a sucrose starvation-induced gene involved in the sugar transportation in the high photosynthetic zones. SWEET13c was identified as the key player in the efflux of sugar transportation in mature photosynthetic tissues. SWEET4a\4b were found to be mainly involved in sugar transportation in the stalk. SWEET1a\2a\4a\4b\13a\16b were suggested to be the genes contributing to the differences in sugar contents between S. spontaneum and S. officinarum. Our results are valuable for further functional analysis of SWEET genes and utilization of the SWEET genes for genetic improvement of Saccharum for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Hu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Qiaochu Shen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Yann-Rong Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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146
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Marques WL, van der Woude LN, Luttik MAH, van den Broek M, Nijenhuis JM, Pronk JT, van Maris AJA, Mans R, Gombert AK. Laboratory evolution and physiological analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains dependent on sucrose uptake via the Phaseolus vulgaris Suf1 transporter. Yeast 2018; 35:639-652. [PMID: 30221387 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the genetic factors important for the efficient expression of plant transporters in yeast is still very limited. Phaseolus vulgaris sucrose facilitator 1 (PvSuf1), a presumable uniporter, was an essential component in a previously published strategy aimed at increasing ATP yield in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, attempts to construct yeast strains in which sucrose metabolism was dependent on PvSUF1 led to slow sucrose uptake. Here, PvSUF1-dependent S. cerevisiae strains were evolved for faster growth. Of five independently evolved strains, two showed an approximately twofold higher anaerobic growth rate on sucrose than the parental strain (μ = 0.19 h-1 and μ = 0.08 h-1 , respectively). All five mutants displayed sucrose-induced proton uptake (13-50 μmol H+ (g biomass)-1 min-1 ). Their ATP yield from sucrose dissimilation, as estimated from biomass yields in anaerobic chemostat cultures, was the same as that of a congenic strain expressing the native sucrose symporter Mal11p. Four out of six observed amino acid substitutions encoded by evolved PvSUF1 alleles removed or introduced a cysteine residue and may be involved in transporter folding and/or oligomerization. Expression of one of the evolved PvSUF1 alleles (PvSUF1I209F C265F G326C ) in an unevolved strain enabled it to grow on sucrose at the same rate (0.19 h-1 ) as the corresponding evolved strain. This study shows how laboratory evolution may improve sucrose uptake in yeast via heterologous plant transporters, highlights the importance of cysteine residues for their efficient expression, and warrants reinvestigation of PvSuf1's transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Leoricy Marques
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marijke A H Luttik
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van den Broek
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas K Gombert
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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147
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Ma W, Zou L, Zhiyuan JI, Xiameng XU, Zhengyin XU, Yang Y, Alfano JR, Chen G. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae TALE proteins recruit OsTFIIAγ1 to compensate for the absence of OsTFIIAγ5 in bacterial blight in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2248-2262. [PMID: 29704467 PMCID: PMC6638009 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight (BB) of rice, uses transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to interact with the basal transcription factor gamma subunit OsTFIIAγ5 (Xa5) and activates the transcription of host genes. However, how OsTFIIAγ1, the other OsTFIIAγ protein, functions in the presence of TALEs remains unclear. In this study, we show that OsTFIIAγ1 plays a compensatory role in the absence of Xa5. The expression of OsTFIIAγ1, which is activated by TALE PthXo7, increases the expression of host genes targeted by avirulent and virulent TALEs. Defective OsTFIIAγ1 rice lines show reduced expression of the TALE-targeted susceptibility (S) genes, OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14, which results in increased BB resistance. Selected TALEs (PthXo1, AvrXa7 and AvrXa27) were evaluated for interactions with OsTFIIAγ1, Xa5 and xa5 (naturally occurring mutant form of Xa5) using biomolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and microscale thermophoresis (MST). BiFC and MST demonstrated that the three TALEs bind Xa5 and OsTFIIAγ1 with a stronger affinity than xa5. These results provide insights into the complex roles of OsTFIIAγ1 and OsTFIIAγ5 in TALE-mediated host gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Ma
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Lifang Zou
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - JI Zhiyuan
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Present address:
Present address: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS)Beijing 100081China
| | - XU Xiameng
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - XU Zhengyin
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - James R. Alfano
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- The Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of NebraskaLincolnNE68588‐0660USA
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of AgricultureShanghai200240China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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148
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Deciphering evolutionary dynamics of SWEET genes in diverse plant lineages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13440. [PMID: 30194417 PMCID: PMC6128921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
SWEET/MtN3/saliva genes are prevalent in cellular organisms and play diverse roles in plants. These genes are widely considered as evolutionarily conserved genes, which is inconsistent with their extensive expansion and functional diversity. In this study, SWEET genes were identified from 31 representative plant species, and exhibited remarkable expansion and diversification ranging from aquatic to land plants. Duplication detection indicated that the sharp increase in the number of SWEET genes in higher plants was largely due to tandem and segmental duplication, under purifying selection. In addition, phylogeny reconstruction of SWEET genes was performed using the maximum-likelihood (ML) method; the genes were grouped into four clades, and further classified into 10 monocot and 11 dicot subfamilies. Furthermore, selection pressure of SWEET genes in different subfamilies was investigated via different strategies (classical and Bayesian maximum likelihood (Datamonkey/PAML)). The average dN/dS for each group were lower than one, indicating purifying selection. Individual positive selection sites were detected within 4 of the 21 sub-families by both two methods, including two monocot subfamilies in Clade III, harboring five rice SWEET homologs characterized to confer resistance to rice bacterial blight disease. Finally, we traced evolutionary fate of SWEET genes in clade III for functional characterization in future.
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149
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Bishop KA, Lemonnier P, Quebedeaux JC, Montes CM, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA. Similar photosynthetic response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in species with different phloem loading strategies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:453-464. [PMID: 29860702 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species have different strategies for loading sugars into the phloem, which vary in the route that sugars take to enter the phloem and the energetics of sugar accumulation. Species with passive phloem loading are hypothesized to have less flexibility in response to changes in some environmental conditions because sucrose export from mesophyll cells is dependent on fixed anatomical plasmodesmatal connections. Passive phloem loaders also have high mesophyll sugar content, and may be less likely to exhibit sugar-mediated down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity at elevated CO2 concentrations. To date, the effect of phloem loading strategy on the response of plant carbon metabolism to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations is unclear, despite the widespread impacts of rising CO2 on plants. Over three field seasons, five species with apoplastic loading, passive loading, or polymer-trapping were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 concentration in free air concentration enrichment plots. Light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity, leaf carbohydrate content, and anatomy were measured and compared among the species. All five species showed significant stimulation in midday photosynthetic CO2 uptake by elevated CO2 even though the two passive loading species showed significant down-regulation of maximum Rubisco carboxylation capacity at elevated CO2. There was a trend toward greater starch accumulation at elevated CO2 in all species, and was most pronounced in passive loaders. From this study, we cannot conclude that phloem loading strategy is a key determinant of plant response to elevated CO2, but compelling differences in response counter to our hypothesis were observed. A phylogenetically controlled experiment with more species may be needed to fully test the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Bishop
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Pauline Lemonnier
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer C Quebedeaux
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Christopher M Montes
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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150
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Rosati RG, Lario LD, Hourcade ME, Cervigni GDL, Luque AG, Scandiani MM, Spampinato CP. Primary metabolism changes triggered in soybean leaves by Fusarium tucumaniae infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:91-100. [PMID: 30080645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean can be caused by at least four distinct Fusarium species, with F. tucumaniae being the main causal agent in Argentina. The fungus is a soil-borne pathogen that is largely confined to the roots, but damage also reaches aerial part of the plant and interveinal chlorosis and necrosis, followed by premature defoliation can be observed. In this study, two genetically diverse soybean cultivars, one susceptible (NA 4613) and one partially resistant (DM 4670) to SDS infection, were inoculated with F. tucumaniae or kept uninoculated. Leaf samples at 7, 10, 14 and 25 days post-inoculation (dpi) were chosen for analysis. With the aim of detecting early markers that could potentially discriminate the cultivar response to SDS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and biochemical studies were performed. Metabolic analyses show higher levels of several amino acids in the inoculated than in the uninoculated susceptible cultivar starting at 10 dpi. Biochemical studies indicate that pigment contents and Rubisco level were reduced while class III peroxidase activity was increased in the inoculated susceptible plant at 10 dpi. Taken together, our results indicate that the pathogen induced an accumulation of amino acids, a decrease of the photosynthetic activity, and an increase of plant-specific peroxidase activity in the susceptible cultivar before differences of visible foliar symptoms between genotypes could be observed, thus suggesting that metabolic and biochemical approaches may contribute to a rapid characterization of the cultivar response to SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina G Rosati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciana D Lario
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mónica E Hourcade
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía Gaseosa y Espectrometría de Masas, Sala de Instrumental Central, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerardo D L Cervigni
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alicia G Luque
- Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María M Scandiani
- Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia P Spampinato
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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