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Zheng X, Li P, Lu X. Research advances in cytochrome P450-catalysed pharmaceutical terpenoid biosynthesis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4619-4630. [PMID: 31037306 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, the biggest class of plant secondary metabolites, have a wide range of significant physiological roles, while many of them are important natural drugs. Biosynthesis of pharmaceutical terpenoids in plants is a fairly complex process, most of which involves cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenases. CYP450 enzymes are versatile biocatalysts that play critical roles in terpenoid skeleton modification and structural diversity. Therefore, the discovery and identification of CYP450 genes is significant for elucidating the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. This review summarizes the progress and cloning strategies relating to CYP450s in pharmaceutical terpenoid biosynthesis of the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang C, Su X, Sun M, Zhang M, Wu J, Xing J, Wang Y, Xue J, Liu X, Sun W, Chen S. Efficient production of glycyrrhetinic acid in metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae via an integrated strategy. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:95. [PMID: 31138208 PMCID: PMC6540369 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the most important ingredient in licorice due to its outstanding anti-inflammatory activity and wide application in the medicine and cosmetics industries. Contemporary industrial production of GA by acid hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin which was extracted from Glycyrrhiza plants, is not environment-friendly and devastates farmland since the Glycyrrhiza rhizomes grow up to 10 m underground. Results In this study, GA was produced through metabolically engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing the entire heterogeneous biosynthetic pathway of GA. Codon optimized CYP88D6 and CYP72A154, combined with β-AS (β-amyrin synthase encoding gene) and the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana were introduced into S. cerevisiae. The resulting strain (Y1) produced 2.5 mg/L of β-amyrin and 14 μg/L of GA. The cytochrome b5 from G. uralensis (GuCYB5) was identified and the introduction of this novel GuCYB5 increased the efficiency of GA production by eightfold. The joint utilization of the GuCYB5 gene along with 10 known MVA pathway genes from S. cerevisiae were overexpressed in a stable chromosome integration to achieve higher GA production. Using the combined strategy, GA concentration improved by 40-fold during batch fermentation. The production was further improved to 8.78 mg/L in fed-batch fermentation, which was increased by a factor of nearly 630. Conclusions This study first investigated the influence of carbon flux in the upstream module and the introduction of a newly identified GuCYB5 on GA production. The newly identified GuCYB5 was highly effective in improving GA production. An integrated strategy including enzyme discovery, pathway optimization, and fusion protein construction was provided in improving GA production, achieving a 630 fold increase in GA production. The metabolically engineered yeast cell factories provide an alternative approach to glycyrrhetinic acid production, replacing the traditional method of plant extraction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1138-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Su
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Huai Bei Normal University, Huaibei, 23500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Huai Bei Normal University, Huaibei, 23500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., Wangjingbei Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xue
- School of Life Science, Huai Bei Normal University, Huaibei, 23500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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Contreras A, Leroy B, Mariage PA, Wattiez R. Proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5768. [PMID: 30962498 PMCID: PMC6453882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal plant highly appreciated by its content of tanshinones and salvianolic acids. Tanshinones are of particular relevance for their anti-oxidant, anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory properties. Abiotic and biotic agents as silver nitrate and yeast extract have shown efficiently to stimulate tanshinone accumulation, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains essentially unknown. By using hairy roots as experimental material and the elicitors mentioned, were obtained up to 22 mg of tanshinones per gram of dry weight. Differential label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to study the proteins involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. A total of 2650 proteins were identified in roots extracts, of which 893 showed statistically (p < 0.05) significant change in relative abundance compared to control roots, 251 proteins were upregulated and 642 downregulated. Among the upregulated proteins the predominant functional categories were metabolism (47%), stress defense (18%) and redox homeostasis (10%). Within the metabolism category, isoprenoid metabolism enzymes, cytochromes P450 and FAD-binding berberine proteins showed abundance profile linked to tanshinone concentration. The results presented here allowed to propose 5 new cytochromes P450 and 5 berberine enzymes as candidates to be involved into tanshinone biosynthesis, a novel finding that opens new avenues to improve tanshinone production through biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Contreras
- Proteomics and Microbiology department, Research center for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 place du Parc, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Proteomics and Microbiology department, Research center for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 place du Parc, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | | | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology department, Research center for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 place du Parc, Mons, 7000, Belgium.
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Karunanithi PS, Dhanota P, Addison JB, Tong S, Fiehn O, Zerbe P. Functional characterization of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP71AU87 indicates a role in marrubiin biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Marrubium vulgare. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:114. [PMID: 30909879 PMCID: PMC6434833 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) is a medicinal plant whose signature bioactive compounds, marrubiin and related furanoid diterpenoid lactones, have potential applications for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Lack of scalable plant cultivation and the complex metabolite profile of M. vulgare limit access to marrubiin via extraction from plant biomass. Knowledge of the marrubiin-biosynthetic enzymes can enable the development of metabolic engineering platforms for marrubiin production. We previously identified two diterpene synthases, MvCPS1 and MvELS, that act sequentially to form 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene. Conversion of 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) enzymes can be hypothesized to facilitate key functional modification reactions in the formation of marrubiin and related compounds. RESULTS Mining a M. vulgare leaf transcriptome database identified 95 full-length P450 candidates. Cloning and functional analysis of select P450 candidates showing high transcript abundance revealed a member of the CYP71 family, CYP71AU87, that catalyzed the hydroxylation of 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene to yield two isomeric products, 9,13-epoxy labd-14-ene-18-ol and 9,13-epoxy labd-14-ene-19-ol, as verified by GC-MS and NMR analysis. Additional transient Nicotiana benthamiana co-expression assays of CYP71AU87 with different diterpene synthase pairs suggested that CYP71AU87 is specific to the sequential MvCPS1 and MvELS product 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene. Although the P450 products were not detectable in planta, high levels of CYP71AU87 gene expression in marrubiin-accumulating tissues supported a role in the formation of marrubiin and related diterpenoids in M. vulgare. CONCLUSIONS In a sequential reaction with the diterpene synthase pair MvCPS1 and MvELS, CYP71AU87 forms the isomeric products 9,13-epoxy labd-14-ene-18/19-ol as probable intermediates in marrubiin biosynthesis. Although its metabolic relevance in planta will necessitate further genetic studies, identification of the CYP71AU87 catalytic activity expands our knowledge of the functional landscape of plant P450 enzymes involved in specialized diterpenoid metabolism and can provide a resource for the formulation of marrubiin and related bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema S. Karunanithi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Puja Dhanota
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - J. Bennett Addison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Shen Tong
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
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105
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Jiang Z, Gao W, Huang L. Tanshinones, Critical Pharmacological Components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:202. [PMID: 30923500 PMCID: PMC6426754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a member of the Lamiaceae family, is valued in traditional Chinese Medicine. Its dried root (named Danshen) has been used for hundreds of years, primarily for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Tanshinones are the main active ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza and exhibit significant pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, cardiovascular effects, and antitumor activity. Danshen dripping pill of Tianshili is an effective drug widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. With the increasing demand for clinical drugs, the traditional method for extracting and separating tanshinones from medicinal plants is insufficient. Therefore, in combination with synthetic biological methods and strategies, it is necessary to analyze the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones and construct high-yield functional bacteria to obtain tanshinones. Moreover, the biosynthesis of tanshinones has been studied for more than two decades but remains to be completely elucidated. This review will systematically present the composition, extraction and separation, pharmacological activities and biosynthesis of tanshinones from S. miltiorrhiza, with the intent to provide references for studies on other terpenoid bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicines and to provide new research strategies for the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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106
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Ding M, Chen B, Ji X, Zhou J, Wang H, Tian X, Feng X, Yue H, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wu J, Yang P, Jiang Y, Mao X, Xiao G, Zhong C, Xiao W, Li B, Qin L, Cheng J, Yao M, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Yu L, Chen T, Dong X, Jia X, Zhang S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen K, Wu J, Zhu C, Zhuang W, Xu S, Jiao P, Zhang L, Song H, Yang S, Xiong Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Su H, Fu W, Huang Y, Li C, Zhao ZK, Sun Y, Chen GQ, Zhao X, Huang H, Zheng Y, Yang L, Su Z, Ma G, Ying H, Chen J, Tan T, Yuan Y. Biochemical engineering in China. REV CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chinese biochemical engineering is committed to supporting the chemical and food industries, to advance science and technology frontiers, and to meet major demands of Chinese society and national economic development. This paper reviews the development of biochemical engineering, strategic deployment of these technologies by the government, industrial demand, research progress, and breakthroughs in key technologies in China. Furthermore, the outlook for future developments in biochemical engineering in China is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Information Center of Life Sciences (SICLS), Shanghai Institute of Biology Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xudong Feng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Biology Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Pengpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xuming Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Lei Qin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jingsheng Cheng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Hong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Linling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Ltd. of BoyaLife Inc. , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Shanghai Information Center of Life Sciences (SICLS), Shanghai Institute of Biology Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Yongquan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Weiping Fu
- China National Center of Biotechnology Development , Beijing , China
| | - Yingming Huang
- China National Center of Biotechnology Development , Beijing , China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Zongbao K. Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center of Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Biology Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
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Wang S, Wang R, Liu T, Lv C, Liang J, Kang C, Zhou L, Guo J, Cui G, Zhang Y, Werck-Reichhart D, Guo L, Huang L. CYP76B74 Catalyzes the 3''-Hydroxylation of Geranylhydroquinone in Shikonin Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:402-414. [PMID: 30498024 PMCID: PMC6426415 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives are the most abundant naphthoquinone pigments formed in species of the medicinally and economically valuable Boraginaceae. A key step in the shikonin biosynthetic pathway, namely the C-3'' hydroxylation of the prenylated phenolic intermediate geranylhydroquinone, is expected to be catalyzed by a cytochrome P450. To identify cytochrome P450 candidates with transcription profiles similar to those of genes known to be involved in shikonin biosynthesis, we carried out coexpression analysis of transcriptome data sets of shikonin-proficient and shikonin-deficient cell lines and examined the spatial expression of candidate genes in different organs of Arnebia euchroma In biochemical assays using geranylhydroquinone as the substrate, CYP76B74 exhibited geranylhydroquinone 3''-hydroxylase activity and produced 3''-hydroxy-geranylhydroquinone. In CYP76B74 RNA interference A. euchroma hairy roots, shikonin derivative accumulation decreased dramatically, which demonstrated that CYP76B74 is required for shikonin biosynthesis in the plant. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that CYP76B74 belonged to the CYP76B subfamily and was most likely derived from an ancestral geraniol 10-hydroxylase. In a subcellular localization analysis, a GFP-CYP76B74 fusion localized to endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Our results demonstrate that CYP76B74 catalyzes the key hydroxylation step in shikonin biosynthesis with high efficiency. The characterization of the CYP76B74 described here paves the way for further exploration of the ring closure reactions generating the naphthoquinone skeleton as well as for the alternative metabolism of geranylhydroquinone 3''-hydroxylase to dihydroechinofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Tan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Chaogeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Jiuwen Liang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Liangyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Daniele Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resources Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
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Wei T, Gao Y, Deng K, Zhang L, Yang M, Liu X, Qi C, Wang C, Song W, Zhang Y, Chen C. Enhancement of tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures by metabolic engineering. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:53. [PMID: 31143241 PMCID: PMC6532201 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanshinones are diterpenoid compounds that are used to treat cardiovascular diseases. As current extraction methods for tanshinones are inefficient, there is a pressing need to improve the production of these bioactive compounds to meet increasing demand. RESULTS Overexpression of SmMDS (2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, a tanshinone biosynthesis gene) in transgenic Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly increased the tanshinone yield compared to the control, and total tanshinone content in SmMDS-overexpressing lines increased after elicitor treatment. Total tanshinones increased to 2.5, 2.3, and 3.2 mg/g DW (dry weight) following treatment with Ag+, YE (yeast extract), and MJ (methyl jasmonate), respectively, compared with the non-induced transgenic line (1.7 mg/g DW). Also, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of two pathway genes was positively correlated with increased accumulation of tanshinone. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an effective strategy for increasing the content of tanshinones and other natural compounds using a combination of genetic engineering and elicitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kejun Deng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyan Qi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China
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109
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Xiao H, Zhang Y, Wang M. Discovery and Engineering of Cytochrome P450s for Terpenoid Biosynthesis. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:618-631. [PMID: 30528904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids represent 60% of known natural products, including many drugs and drug candidates, and their biosynthesis is attracting great interest. However, the unknown cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in terpenoid biosynthetic pathways make the heterologous production of related terpenoids impossible, while the slow kinetics of some known CYPs greatly limit the efficiency of terpenoid biosynthesis. Thus, there is a compelling need to discover and engineer CYPs for terpenoid biosynthesis to fully realize their great potential for industrial application. This review article summarizes the current state of CYP discovery and engineering in terpenoid biosynthesis, focusing on recent synthetic biology approaches toward prototyping CYPs in heterologous hosts. We also propose several strategies for further accelerating CYP discovery and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Co-first author with equal contribution.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Co-first author with equal contribution
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
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110
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Functional expression of two NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases from Siraitia grosvenorii. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1515-1524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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111
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Forman V, Bjerg-Jensen N, Dyekjær JD, Møller BL, Pateraki I. Engineering of CYP76AH15 can improve activity and specificity towards forskolin biosynthesis in yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:181. [PMID: 30453976 PMCID: PMC6240942 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forskolin is a high-value diterpenoid produced exclusively by the Lamiaceae plant Coleus forskohlii. Today forskolin is used pharmaceutically for its adenyl-cyclase activating properties. The limited availability of pure forskolin is currently hindering its full utilization, thus a new environmentally friendly, scalable and sustainable strategy is needed for forskolin production. Recently, the entire biosynthetic pathway leading to forskolin was elucidated. The key steps of the pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), which have been shown to be the limiting steps of the pathway. Here we study whether protein engineering of the substrate recognition sites (SRSs) of CYPs can improve their efficiency towards forskolin biosynthesis in yeast. Results As a proof of concept, we engineered the enzyme responsible for the first putative oxygenation step of the forskolin pathway: the conversion of 13R-manoyl oxide to 11-oxo-13R-manoyl oxide, catalyzed by the CYP76AH15. Four CYP76AH15 variants—engineered in the SRS regions—yielded at least a twofold increase of 11-oxo-13R-manoyl oxide when expressed in yeast cells grown in microtiter plates. The highest titers (5.6-fold increase) were observed with the variant A99I, mutated in the SRS1 region. Double or triple CYP76AH15 mutant variants resulted in additional enzymes with optimized performances. Moreover, in planta CYP76AH15 can synthesize ferruginol from miltiradiene. In this work, we showed that the mutants affecting 11-oxo-13R-manoyl oxide synthesis, do not affect ferruginol production, and vice versa. The best performing variant, A99I, was utilized to reconstruct the forskolin biosynthetic pathway in yeast cells. Although these strains showed increased 11-oxo-manoyl oxide production and higher accumulation of other pathway intermediates compared to the native CYP76AH15, lower production of forskolin was observed. Conclusions As demonstrated for CYP76AH15, site-directed mutagenesis of SRS regions of plant CYPs may be an efficient and targeted approach to increase the performance of these enzymes. Although in this work we have managed to achieve higher efficiency and specificity of the first CYP of the pathway, further work is necessary in order to increase the overall production of forskolin in yeast cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1027-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Forman
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Evolva A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,bioSYNergy, Center for Synthetic Biology, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,VILLUM, Research Center for Plant Plasticity, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. .,bioSYNergy, Center for Synthetic Biology, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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112
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Xu Y, Geng L, Zhao S. Biosynthesis of bioactive ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and advanced biotechnologies for their production. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1532318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Xu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Geng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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113
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Huang Q, Sun M, Yuan T, Wang Y, Shi M, Lu S, Tang B, Pan J, Wang Y, Kai G. The AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF1L1 regulates the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Food Chem 2018; 274:368-375. [PMID: 30372953 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones and phenolic acids are two important metabolites synthesized by the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. There is increasing market demand for these compounds. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized SmERF1L1, a novel JA (Jasmonic acid)-responsive gene encoding AP2/ERF transcription factor, from Salvia miltiorrhiza. SmERF1L1 was responsive to methyl jasmonate (MJ), yeast extraction (YE), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene treatments. Subcellular localization assay indicated that SmERF1L1 located in the nucleus. Overexpression of SmERF1L1 significantly increased tanshinones production in transgenic S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots by comprehensively upregulating tanshinone biosynthetic pathway genes, especially SmDXR. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that SmERF1L1 binds to the GCC-box of SmDXR promoter while dual luciferase (Dual-LUC) assay showed that SmERF1L1 positively regulated the expression of SmDXR. Our study suggested that the SmERF1L1 may be a good potential target for further metabolic engineering of bioactive component biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Meihong Sun
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Tingpan Yuan
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Sunjie Lu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Boping Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biological Resources and Environmental Protection, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers Uninversity, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, PR China
| | - Jingxian Pan
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China.
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114
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Trends in herbgenomics. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:288-308. [PMID: 30128965 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From Shen Nong's Herbal Classic (Shennong Bencao Jing) to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) and the first scientific Nobel Prize for the mainland of China, each milestone in the historical process of the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) involves screening, testing and integrating. After thousands of years of inheritance and development, herbgenomics (bencaogenomics) has bridged the gap between TCM and international advanced omics studies, promoting the application of frontier technologies in TCM. It is a discipline that uncovers the genetic information and regulatory networks of herbs to clarify their molecular mechanism in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. The main theoretical system includes genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, synthetic biology, pharmacogenomics of TCM, and bioinformatics, among other fields. Herbgenomics is mainly applicable to the study of medicinal model plants, genomic-assisted breeding, herbal synthetic biology, protection and utilization of gene resources, TCM quality evaluation and control, and TCM drug development. Such studies will accelerate the application of cutting-edge technologies, revitalize herbal research, and strongly promote the development and modernization of TCM.
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115
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Zhang Y, Nielsen J, Liu Z. Engineering yeast metabolism for production of terpenoids for use as perfume ingredients, pharmaceuticals and biofuels. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 17:4582882. [PMID: 29096021 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids represent a large class of natural products with significant commercial applications. These chemicals are currently mainly obtained through extraction from plants and microbes or through chemical synthesis. However, these sources often face challenges of unsustainability and low productivity. In order to address these issues, Escherichia coli and yeast have been metabolic engineered to produce non-native terpenoids. With recent reports of engineering yeast metabolism to produce several terpenoids at high yields, it has become possible to establish commercial yeast production of terpenoids that find applications as perfume ingredients, pharmaceuticals and advanced biofuels. In this review, we describe the strategies to rewire the yeast pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. Recent advances will be discussed together with challenges and perspectives of yeast as a cell factory to produce different terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, 100029 Beijing, China.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorget, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zihe Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, 100029 Beijing, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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116
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Yu H, Guo W, Yang D, Hou Z, Liang Z. Transcriptional Profiles of SmWRKY Family Genes and Their Putative Roles in the Biosynthesis of Tanshinone and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061593. [PMID: 29843472 PMCID: PMC6032325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a Chinese traditional herb for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and tanshinones and phenolic acids are the dominated medicinal and secondary metabolism constituents of this plant. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) can function as regulators of secondary metabolites biosynthesis in many plants. However, studies on the WRKY that regulate tanshinones and phenolics biosynthesis are limited. In this study, 69 SmWRKYs were identified in the transcriptome database of S. miltiorrhiza, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that some SmWRKYs had closer genetic relationships with other plant WRKYs, which were involved in secondary metabolism. Hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were treated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to detect the dynamic change trend of SmWRKY, biosynthetic genes, and medicinal ingredients accumulation. Base on those date, a correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient was performed to construct gene-to-metabolite network and identify 9 SmWRKYs (SmWRKY1, 7, 19, 29, 45, 52, 56, 58, and 68), which were most likely to be involved in tanshinones and phenolic acids biosynthesis. Taken together, this study has provided a significant resource that could be used for further research on SmWRKY in S. miltiorrhiza and especially could be used as a cue for further investigating SmWRKY functions in secondary metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), Yangling 712100, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wanli Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), Yangling 712100, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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117
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Li N, Li L, Chen Y. The Identification of Core Gene Expression Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3478305. [PMID: 29977454 PMCID: PMC5994271 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3478305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, which causes serious financial burden worldwide. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms contributing to HCC and identify core biomarkers. The HCC gene expression profile GSE41804 was picked out to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out using DAVID. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to visualize interactions of the DEGs. The survival analysis of these hub genes was conducted to evaluate their potential effects on HCC. In this analysis, 503 DEGs were captured (360 downregulated genes and 143 upregulated genes). Meanwhile, 15 hub genes were identified. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in oxidative stress, cell cycle, and extracellular structure. KEGG analysis suggested the DEGs were enriched in the absorption, metabolism, and cell cycle pathway. PPI network disclosed that the top3 modules were mainly enriched in cell cycle, oxidative stress, and liver detoxification. In conclusion, our analysis uncovered that the alterations of oxidative stress and cell cycle are two major signatures of HCC. TOP2A, CCNB1, and KIF4A might promote the development of HCC, especially in proliferation and differentiation, which could be novel biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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118
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Pei T, Ma P, Ding K, Liu S, Jia Y, Ru M, Dong J, Liang Z. SmJAZ8 acts as a core repressor regulating JA-induced biosynthesis of salvianolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1663-1678. [PMID: 29281115 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are important plant hormones that regulate a variety of plant development and defense processes, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins act as negative regulators in the JA signaling pathways of plants. We first verified that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) enhanced the accumulation of both salvianolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) hairy roots by inducing the expression of their biosynthetic pathway genes. Nine JAZ genes were cloned from Danshen and their expression levels in hairy roots were all increased by treatment with MeJA. When analyzed in detail, however, SmJAZ8 showed the strongest expression in the induced hairy roots. Overexpression or RNAi of SmJAZ8 deregulated or up-regulated the yields of salvianolic acids and tanshinones in the MeJA-induced transgenic hairy roots, respectively, and transcription factors and biosynthetic pathway genes showed an expression pattern that mirrored the production of the compounds. Genetic transformation of SmJAZ8 altered the expression of other SmJAZ genes, suggesting evidence of crosstalk occurring in JAZ-regulated secondary metabolism. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed a primary-secondary metabolism balance regulated by SmJAZ8. Altogether, we propose a novel role for SmJAZ8 as a negative feedback loop controller in the JA-induced biosynthesis of salvianolic acids and tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kai Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Ru
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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119
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Diverse specialized metabolism and their responses to lactalbumin hydrolysate in hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Salvia castanea Diels f. t omentosa Stib. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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120
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Heskes AM, Sundram TC, Boughton BA, Jensen NB, Hansen NL, Crocoll C, Cozzi F, Rasmussen S, Hamberger B, Hamberger B, Staerk D, Møller BL, Pateraki I. Biosynthesis of bioactive diterpenoids in the medicinal plant Vitex agnus-castus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:943-958. [PMID: 29315936 PMCID: PMC5838521 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitex agnus-castus L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant historically used throughout the Mediterranean region to treat menstrual cycle disorders, and is still used today as a clinically effective treatment for premenstrual syndrome. The pharmaceutical activity of the plant extract is linked to its ability to lower prolactin levels. This feature has been attributed to the presence of dopaminergic diterpenoids that can bind to dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland. Phytochemical analyses of V. agnus-castus show that it contains an enormous array of structurally related diterpenoids and, as such, holds potential as a rich source of new dopaminergic drugs. The present work investigated the localisation and biosynthesis of diterpenoids in V. agnus-castus. With the assistance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), diterpenoids were localised to trichomes on the surface of fruit and leaves. Analysis of a trichome-specific transcriptome database, coupled with expression studies, identified seven candidate genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis: three class II diterpene synthases (diTPSs); three class I diTPSs; and a cytochrome P450 (CYP). Combinatorial assays of the diTPSs resulted in the formation of a range of different diterpenes that can account for several of the backbones of bioactive diterpenoids observed in V. agnus-castus. The identified CYP, VacCYP76BK1, was found to catalyse 16-hydroxylation of the diol-diterpene, peregrinol, to labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, this product is a potential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway towards bioactive furan- and lactone-containing diterpenoids that are present in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Heskes
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology ‘bioSYNergy’Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant PlasticityDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Tamil C.M. Sundram
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Department of Plant ScienceKulliyyah of ScienceInternational Islamic University Malaysia50728Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Berin A. Boughton
- Metabolomics AustraliaSchool of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneVic.3010Australia
| | | | - Nikolaj L. Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology ‘bioSYNergy’Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant PlasticityDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo CenterDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Federico Cozzi
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Department of Bio and Health InformaticsTechnical University of DenmarkDK‐2800LyngbyDenmark
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology ‘bioSYNergy’Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant PlasticityDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology ‘bioSYNergy’Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant PlasticityDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Birger L. Møller
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology ‘bioSYNergy’Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant PlasticityDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Plant Biochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology ‘bioSYNergy’Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant PlasticityDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
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Banerjee A, Hamberger B. P450s controlling metabolic bifurcations in plant terpene specialized metabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:81-111. [PMID: 29563859 PMCID: PMC5842272 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Catalyzing stereo- and regio-specific oxidation of inert hydrocarbon backbones, and a range of more exotic reactions inherently difficult in formal chemical synthesis, cytochromes P450 (P450s) offer outstanding potential for biotechnological engineering. Plants and their dazzling diversity of specialized metabolites have emerged as rich repository for functional P450s with the advances of deep transcriptomics and genome wide discovery. P450s are of outstanding interest for understanding chemical diversification throughout evolution, for gaining mechanistic insights through the study of their structure-function relationship, and for exploitation in Synthetic Biology. In this review, we highlight recent developments and examples in the discovery of plant P450s involved in the biosynthesis of industrially relevant monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids, throughout 2016 and early 2017. Examples were selected to illustrate the spectrum of value from commodity chemicals, flavor and fragrance compounds to pharmacologically active terpenoids. We focus on a recently emerging theme, where P450s control metabolic bifurcations and chemical diversity of the final product profile, either within a pathway, or through neo-functionalization in related species. The implications may inform approaches for rational assembly of recombinant pathways, biotechnological production of high value terpenoids and generation of novel chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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Diverse responses of tanshinone biosynthesis to biotic and abiotic elicitors in hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa. Gene 2017; 643:61-67. [PMID: 29196256 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) and Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa (S. castanea) are both used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They have the same bioactive compound tanshinones, but whose contents are hugely different. This study illustrated diverse responses of tanshinone biosynthesis to yeast extract (YE) and Ag+ in hairy roots of the two species. YE enhanced both the growth and tanshinone biosynthesis of two hairy roots, and contributed more to tanshinone accumulation in S. castanea than that in S. miltiorrhiza. Genes encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS2), geranylgeranyl diphosphatesynthase (GGPPS1), copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS1), and two cytochromes P450 (CYP76AH1 and CYP76AH3) were also more responsive to YE in S. castanea than those in S. miltiorrhiza. Accumulations of dihydrotanshinone I and tanshinone I, and most biosynthetic genes in S. miltiorrhiza were more responsive to Ag+ than those in S. castanea. Accumulations of dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone were more responsive to YE, while tanshinone IIA accumulation was more responsive to Ag+ in S. miltiorrhiza. However, accumulations of other four tanshinones and related genes in S. castanea were more responsive to YE than Ag+. This study provides foundations for studying diverse specialized metabolism between the related species.
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Vickers CE, Williams TC, Peng B, Cherry J. Recent advances in synthetic biology for engineering isoprenoid production in yeast. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhou W, Huang Q, Wu X, Zhou Z, Ding M, Shi M, Huang F, Li S, Wang Y, Kai G. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of Salvia miltiorrhiza for discovery of genes associated with the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10554. [PMID: 28874707 PMCID: PMC5585387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones and phenolic acids are crucial bioactive compounds biosynthesized in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an effective elicitor to enhance the production of phenolic acids and tanshinones simultaneously, while yeast extract (YE) is used as a biotic elicitor that only induce tanshinones accumulation. However, little was known about the different molecular mechanism. To identify the downstream and regulatory genes involved in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis, we conducted comprehensive transcriptome profiling of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots treated with either MeJA or YE. Total 55588 unigenes were assembled from about 1.72 billion clean reads, of which 42458 unigenes (76.4%) were successfully annotated. The expression patterns of 19 selected genes in the significantly upregulated unigenes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. The candidate downstream genes and other cytochrome P450s involved in the late steps of tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis pathways were screened from the RNA-seq dataset based on co-expression pattern analysis with specific biosynthetic genes. Additionally, 375 transcription factors were identified to exhibit a significant up-regulated expression pattern in response to induction. This study can provide us a valuable gene resource for elucidating the molecular mechanism of tanshinones and phenolic acids biosynthesis in hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.,The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zewen Zhou
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Mingquan Ding
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fenfen Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shen Li
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China. .,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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125
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Overcoming the plasticity of plant specialized metabolism for selective diterpene production in yeast. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8855. [PMID: 28821847 PMCID: PMC5562805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants synthesize numerous specialized metabolites (also termed natural products) to mediate dynamic interactions with their surroundings. The complexity of plant specialized metabolism is the result of an inherent biosynthetic plasticity rooted in the substrate and product promiscuity of the enzymes involved. The pathway of carnosic acid-related diterpenes in rosemary and sage involves promiscuous cytochrome P450s whose combined activity results in a multitude of structurally related compounds. Some of these minor products, such as pisiferic acid and salviol, have established bioactivity, but their limited availability prevents further evaluation. Reconstructing carnosic acid biosynthesis in yeast achieved significant titers of the main compound but could not specifically yield the minor products. Specific production of pisiferic acid and salviol was achieved by restricting the promiscuity of a key enzyme, CYP76AH24, through a single-residue substitution (F112L). Coupled with additional metabolic engineering interventions, overall improvements of 24 and 14-fold for pisiferic acid and salviol, respectively, were obtained. These results provide an example of how synthetic biology can help navigating the complex landscape of plant natural product biosynthesis to achieve heterologous production of useful minor metabolites. In the context of plant adaptation, these findings also suggest a molecular basis for the rapid evolution of terpene biosynthetic pathways.
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126
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Liu X, Ding W, Jiang H. Engineering microbial cell factories for the production of plant natural products: from design principles to industrial-scale production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:125. [PMID: 28724386 PMCID: PMC5518134 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are widely used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, seasonings, pigments, etc., with a huge commercial value on the global market. However, most of these PNPs are still being extracted from plants. A resource-conserving and environment-friendly synthesis route for PNPs that utilizes microbial cell factories has attracted increasing attention since the 1940s. However, at the present only a handful of PNPs are being produced by microbial cell factories at an industrial scale, and there are still many challenges in their large-scale application. One of the challenges is that most biosynthetic pathways of PNPs are still unknown, which largely limits the number of candidate PNPs for heterologous microbial production. Another challenge is that the metabolic fluxes toward the target products in microbial hosts are often hindered by poor precursor supply, low catalytic activity of enzymes and obstructed product transport. Consequently, despite intensive studies on the metabolic engineering of microbial hosts, the fermentation costs of most heterologously produced PNPs are still too high for industrial-scale production. In this paper, we review several aspects of PNP production in microbial cell factories, including important design principles and recent progress in pathway mining and metabolic engineering. In addition, implemented cases of industrial-scale production of PNPs in microbial cell factories are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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Ding K, Pei T, Bai Z, Jia Y, Ma P, Liang Z. SmMYB36, a Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor, Enhances Tanshinone Accumulation and Decreases Phenolic Acid Content in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5104. [PMID: 28698552 PMCID: PMC5506036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are two major bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. A novel endogenous R2R3-MYB transcription factor, SmMYB36, was identified in this research. This transcript factor can simultaneously influence the content of two types of components in SmMYB36 overexpression hairy roots. SmMYB36 was mainly localized in the nucleus of onion epidermis and it has transactivation activity. The overexpression of SmMYB36 promoted tanshinone accumulation but inhibited phenolic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The altered metabolite content was due to changed metabolic flow which was regulated by transcript expression of metabolic pathway genes. The gene transcription levels of the phenylpropanoid general pathway, tyrosine derived pathway, methylerythritol phosphate pathway and downstream tanshinone biosynthetic pathway changed significantly due to the overexpression of SmMYB36. The wide distribution of MYB binding elements (MBS, MRE, MBSI and MBSII) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay results indicated that SmMYB36 may be an effective tool to regulate metabolic flux shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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128
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Wisecaver JH, Borowsky AT, Tzin V, Jander G, Kliebenstein DJ, Rokas A. A Global Coexpression Network Approach for Connecting Genes to Specialized Metabolic Pathways in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:944-959. [PMID: 28408660 PMCID: PMC5466033 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce diverse specialized metabolites (SMs), but the genes responsible for their production and regulation remain largely unknown, hindering efforts to tap plant pharmacopeia. Given that genes comprising SM pathways exhibit environmentally dependent coregulation, we hypothesized that genes within a SM pathway would form tight associations (modules) with each other in coexpression networks, facilitating their identification. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used 10 global coexpression data sets, each a meta-analysis of hundreds to thousands of experiments, across eight plant species to identify hundreds of coexpressed gene modules per data set. In support of our hypothesis, 15.3 to 52.6% of modules contained two or more known SM biosynthetic genes, and module genes were enriched in SM functions. Moreover, modules recovered many experimentally validated SM pathways, including all six known to form biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In contrast, bioinformatically predicted BGCs (i.e., those lacking an associated metabolite) were no more coexpressed than the null distribution for neighboring genes. These results suggest that most predicted plant BGCs are not genuine SM pathways and argue that BGCs are not a hallmark of plant specialized metabolism. We submit that global gene coexpression is a rich, largely untapped resource for discovering the genetic basis and architecture of plant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Alexander T Borowsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Sede-Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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Pelot KA, Hagelthorn LM, Addison JB, Zerbe P. Biosynthesis of the oxygenated diterpene nezukol in the medicinal plant Isodon rubescens is catalyzed by a pair of diterpene synthases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176507. [PMID: 28445526 PMCID: PMC5405970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce an immense diversity of natural products (i.e. secondary or specialized metabolites) that offer a rich source of known and potentially new pharmaceuticals and other desirable bioproducts. The Traditional Chinese Medicinal plant Isodon rubescens (Lamiaceae) contains an array of bioactive labdane-related diterpenoid natural products. Of these, the ent-kauranoid oridonin is the most prominent specialized metabolite that has been extensively studied for its potent antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy. Mining of a previously established transcriptome of I. rubescens leaf tissue identified seven diterpene synthase (diTPSs) candidates. Here we report the functional characterization of four I. rubescens diTPSs. IrTPS5 and IrTPS3 were identified as an ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP) synthase and a (+)-CPP synthase, respectively. Distinct transcript abundance of IrTPS5 and the predicted ent-CPP synthase IrTPS1 suggested a role of IrTPS5 in specialized ent-kaurene metabolism possibly en route to oridonin. Nicotiana benthamiana co-expression assays demonstrated that IrTPS4 functions sequentially with IrTPS3 to form miltiradiene. In addition, IrTPS2 converted the IrTPS3 product (+)-CPP into the hydroxylated tricyclic diterpene nezukol not previously identified in I. rubescens. Metabolite profiling verified the presence of nezukol in I. rubescens leaf tissue. The proposed IrTPS2-catalyzed reaction mechanism proceeds via the common ionization of the diphosphate group of (+)-CPP, followed by formation of an intermediary pimar-15-en-8-yl+ carbocation and neutralization of the carbocation by water capture at C-8 to yield nezukol, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Oxygenation activity is rare for the family of class I diTPSs and offers new catalysts for developing metabolic engineering platforms to produce a broader spectrum of bioactive diterpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Pelot
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lynne M. Hagelthorn
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - J. Bennett Addison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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130
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Fang X, Li CY, Yang Y, Cui MY, Chen XY, Yang L. Identification of a Novel (-)-5-Epieremophilene Synthase from Salvia miltiorrhiza via Transcriptome Mining. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:627. [PMID: 28487717 PMCID: PMC5404360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinal plant in China, has been used for thousands of years to treat coronary heart diseases. Although biosynthesis of tanshinones, a group of diterpenoids in S. miltiorrhiza, has been extensively investigated, to date we know little about the formation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in this medicinal plant. Here, we report the characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases, named SmSTPS1, SmSTPS2, and SmSTPS3, which catalyzed the formation of a new compound, (-)-5-epieremophilene. Additionally, the (-)-5-epieremophilene biosynthesis activity of SmSTPS1 was confirmed by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Despite the similar enzyme activities of SmSTPS1, SmSTPS2, and SmSTPS3, the three (-)-5-epieremophilene synthase genes displayed different spatial expression patterns and responded differently to hormone treatments, implicating their specific roles in plant-environment interactions. Our results provide valuable data to understanding the biosynthesis and composition of terpenes in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ying Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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Xu Z, Song J. The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily participates in tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2299-2308. [PMID: 28398557 PMCID: PMC5447875 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxidized tanshinones are pharmacological ingredients extracted from the medicinal model plant Salvia miltiorrhiza and are mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have confirmed that cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (CYP450s) have a key function in the biosynthesis of tanshinones; however, no solid evidence links oxidation to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) superfamily. Here, we identified 132 members of the DOXB and DOXC subfamilies of 2OGD by scanning the 2OG-FeII Oxy domain using a genome-wide strategy in S. miltiorrhiza. The DOXC class was phylogenetically divided into twelve clades. Combining phylogenetic relationships, differential expression and co-expression from various organs and tissues revealed that two 2OGDs were directly related to flavonoid metabolism, and that 13 2OGDs from different clades were predicted to be involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. Based on this insight into tanshinone production, we experimentally detected significant decreases in miltirone, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA (0.16-, 0.56-, and 0.56-fold, respectively) in 2OGD5 RNAi transgenic lines relative to the control lines using a metabonomics analysis. 2OGD5 was found to play a crucial role in the downstream biosynthesis of tanshinones following the hydroxylation of CYPs. Our results highlight the evolution and diversification of 2OGD superfamily members and suggest that they contribute to the complexity of tanshinone metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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132
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Pateraki I, Andersen-Ranberg J, Jensen NB, Wubshet SG, Heskes AM, Forman V, Hallström B, Hamberger B, Motawia MS, Olsen CE, Staerk D, Hansen J, Møller BL, Hamberger B. Total biosynthesis of the cyclic AMP booster forskolin from Coleus forskohlii. eLife 2017; 6:e23001. [PMID: 28290983 PMCID: PMC5388535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forskolin is a unique structurally complex labdane-type diterpenoid used in the treatment of glaucoma and heart failure based on its activity as a cyclic AMP booster. Commercial production of forskolin relies exclusively on extraction from its only known natural source, the plant Coleus forskohlii, in which forskolin accumulates in the root cork. Here, we report the discovery of five cytochrome P450s and two acetyltransferases which catalyze a cascade of reactions converting the forskolin precursor 13R-manoyl oxide into forskolin and a diverse array of additional labdane-type diterpenoids. A minimal set of three P450s in combination with a single acetyl transferase was identified that catalyzes the conversion of 13R-manoyl oxide into forskolin as demonstrated by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The entire pathway for forskolin production from glucose encompassing expression of nine genes was stably integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and afforded forskolin titers of 40 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Pateraki
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allison Maree Heskes
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Forman
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
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133
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Elucidation of terpenoid metabolism in Scoparia dulcis by RNA-seq analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43311. [PMID: 28266568 PMCID: PMC5339715 DOI: 10.1038/srep43311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoparia dulcis biosynthesize bioactive diterpenes, such as scopadulcic acid B (SDB), which are known for their unique molecular skeleton. Although the biosynthesis of bioactive diterpenes is catalyzed by a sequence of class II and class I diterpene synthases (diTPSs), the mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be fully identified. To elucidate these biosynthetic machinery, we performed a high-throughput RNA-seq analysis, and de novo assembly of clean reads revealed 46,332 unique transcripts and 40,503 two unigenes. We found diTPSs genes including a putative syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase (SdCPS2) and two kaurene synthase-like (SdKSLs) genes. Besides them, total 79 full-length of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes were also discovered. The expression analyses showed selected CYP450s associated with their expression pattern of SdCPS2 and SdKSL1, suggesting that CYP450 candidates involved diterpene modification. SdCPS2 represents the first predicted gene to produce syn-copalyl diphosphate in dicots. In addition, SdKSL1 potentially contributes to the SDB biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, these identified genes associated with diterpene biosynthesis lead to the development of genetic engineering focus on diterpene metabolism in S. dulcis.
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134
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Li B, Cui G, Shen G, Zhan Z, Huang L, Chen J, Qi X. Targeted mutagenesis in the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43320. [PMID: 28256553 PMCID: PMC5335714 DOI: 10.1038/srep43320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool that has been extensively used in model plants and crops, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, wheat, and soybean. Here, we report the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to precisely knock out the committed diterpene synthase gene (SmCPS1) involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with significant pharmacological activities, such as vasorelaxation, protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and antiarrhythmic effects. Three homozygous and eight chimeric mutants were obtained from 26 independent transgenic hairy root lines by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. The metabolomic analysis based on LC-qTOF-MS and Q-TRAP-LC-MS/MS revealed that tanshinones, especially cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I, are completely missing in homozygous mutants, without influencing other phenolic acid metabolites. By contrast, tanshinones are decreased but still detectable in chimeric mutants, which is similar to a previously-reported an RNAi study of SmCPS1. These results demonstrate that Agrobacterium rhizogenes- mediated transformation using CRISPR/Cas9 is a simple and efficient genome editing tool in S. miltiorrhiza, thus paving the way for large-scale genome editing in S. miltiorrhiza, which is important for pathway elucidation of secondary metabolites, quality improvement, and yield increases for this valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guoan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhilai Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiachun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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135
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Scheler U, Brandt W, Porzel A, Rothe K, Manzano D, Božić D, Papaefthimiou D, Balcke GU, Henning A, Lohse S, Marillonnet S, Kanellis AK, Ferrer A, Tissier A. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of carnosic acid and its reconstitution in yeast. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12942. [PMID: 27703160 PMCID: PMC5059481 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary extracts containing the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and its derivative carnosol are approved food additives used in an increasingly wide range of products to enhance shelf-life, thanks to their high anti-oxidant activity. We describe here the elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of carnosic acid and its reconstitution in yeast cells. Cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYP76AH22-24) from Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia fruticosa already characterized as ferruginol synthases are also able to produce 11-hydroxyferruginol. Modelling-based mutagenesis of three amino acids in the related ferruginol synthase (CYP76AH1) from S. miltiorrhiza is sufficient to convert it to a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase (HFS). The three sequential C20 oxidations for the conversion of 11-hydroxyferruginol to carnosic acid are catalysed by the related CYP76AK6-8. The availability of the genes for the biosynthesis of carnosic acid opens opportunities for the metabolic engineering of phenolic diterpenes, a class of compounds with potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. Diterpenes are plant products with high antioxidant properties and potential application as food additives and therapeutics. Here, the authors describe the complete biosynthetic pathway of carnosic acid and reconstruct it in yeast, opening the way to metabolic engineering of phenolic diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulschan Scheler
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Kathleen Rothe
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - David Manzano
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dragana Božić
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerd Ulrich Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Anja Henning
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Swanhild Lohse
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Angelos K Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
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136
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Xu G, Cai W, Gao W, Liu C. A novel glucuronosyltransferase has an unprecedented ability to catalyse continuous two-step glucuronosylation of glycyrrhetinic acid to yield glycyrrhizin. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:123-35. [PMID: 27252088 PMCID: PMC7167757 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin is an important bioactive compound that is used clinically to treat chronic hepatitis and is also used as a sweetener world-wide. However, the key UDP-dependent glucuronosyltransferases (UGATs) involved in the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin remain unknown. To discover unknown UGATs, we fully annotated potential UGATs from Glycyrrhiza uralensis using deep transcriptome sequencing. The catalytic functions of candidate UGATs were determined by an in vitro enzyme assay. Systematically screening 434 potential UGATs, we unexpectedly found one unique GuUGAT that was able to catalyse the glucuronosylation of glycyrrhetinic acid to directly yield glycyrrhizin via continuous two-step glucuronosylation. Expression analysis further confirmed the key role of GuUGAT in the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Gln-352 may be important for the initial step of glucuronosylation, and His-22, Trp-370, Glu-375 and Gln-392 may be important residues for the second step of glucuronosylation. Notably, the ability of GuUGAT to catalyse a continuous two-step glucuronosylation reaction was determined to be unprecedented among known glycosyltransferases of bioactive plant natural products. Our findings increase the understanding of traditional glycosyltransferases and pave the way for the complete biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Xu
- School of Chinese Material MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Chinese Material MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Material MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102China
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137
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Ma Y, Ma XH, Meng FY, Zhan ZL, Guo J, Huang LQ. RNA interference targeting CYP76AH1 in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza reveals its key role in the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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138
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Xu H, Song J, Luo H, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhu Y, Xu J, Li Y, Song C, Wang B, Sun W, Shen G, Zhang X, Qian J, Ji A, Xu Z, Luo X, He L, Li C, Sun C, Yan H, Cui G, Li X, Li X, Wei J, Liu J, Wang Y, Hayward A, Nelson D, Ning Z, Peters RJ, Qi X, Chen S. Analysis of the Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:949-52. [PMID: 27018390 PMCID: PMC5517341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guoan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holding Limited, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xian'en Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juyan Liu
- Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holding Limited, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Alice Hayward
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zemin Ning
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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139
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Biggs BW, Rouck JE, Kambalyal A, Arnold W, Lim CG, De Mey M, O’Neil-Johnson M, Starks CM, Das A, Ajikumar PK. Orthogonal Assays Clarify the Oxidative Biochemistry of Taxol P450 CYP725A4. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1445-51. [PMID: 26930136 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural product metabolic engineering potentially offers sustainable and affordable access to numerous valuable molecules. However, challenges in characterizing and assembling complex biosynthetic pathways have prevented more rapid progress in this field. The anticancer agent Taxol represents an excellent case study. Assembly of a biosynthetic pathway for Taxol has long been stalled at its first functionalization, putatively an oxygenation performed by the cytochrome P450 CYP725A4, due to confounding characterizations. Here, through combined in vivo (Escherichia coli), in vitro (lipid nanodisc), and metabolite stability assays, we verify the presence and likely cause of this enzyme's inherent promiscuity. Thereby, we remove the possibility that promiscuity simply existed as an artifact of previous metabolic engineering approaches. Further, spontaneous rearrangement and the stabilizing effect of a hydrophobic overlay suggest a potential role for nonenzymatic chemistry in Taxol's biosynthesis. Taken together, this work confirms taxadiene-5α-ol as a primary enzymatic product of CYP725A4 and provides direction for future Taxol metabolic and protein engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Walters Biggs
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering (Masters in Biotechnology Program), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John Edward Rouck
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Amogh Kambalyal
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - William Arnold
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chin Giaw Lim
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Centre
for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure
Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mark O’Neil-Johnson
- Sequoia Sciences, 1912 Innerbelt
Business Center Dr., Saint Louis, Missouri 63114, United States
| | - Courtney M. Starks
- Sequoia Sciences, 1912 Innerbelt
Business Center Dr., Saint Louis, Missouri 63114, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parayil Kumaran Ajikumar
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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140
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Jia M, Potter KC, Peters RJ. Extreme promiscuity of a bacterial and a plant diterpene synthase enables combinatorial biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2016; 37:24-34. [PMID: 27060773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenes are widely distributed across many biological kingdoms, where they serve a diverse range of physiological functions, and some have significant industrial utility. Their biosynthesis involves class I diterpene synthases (DTSs), whose activity can be preceded by that of class II diterpene cyclases (DTCs). Here, a modular metabolic engineering system was used to examine the promiscuity of DTSs. Strikingly, both a bacterial and plant DTS were found to exhibit extreme promiscuity, reacting with all available precursors with orthogonal activity, producing an olefin or hydroxyl group, respectively. Such DTS promiscuity enables combinatorial biosynthesis, with remarkably high yields for these unoptimized non-native enzymatic combinations (up to 15mg/L). Indeed, it was possible to readily characterize the 13 unknown products. Notably, 16 of the observed diterpenes were previously inaccessible, and these results provide biosynthetic routes that are further expected to enable assembly of more extended pathways to produce additionally elaborated 'non-natural' diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Jia
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kevin C Potter
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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