101
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Yang X, Tan J, Sun KH, Jiang L. Experimental demonstration of the importance of keystone communities for maintaining metacommunity biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Oecologia 2020; 193:437-447. [PMID: 32556589 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As local communities within a metacommunity may differ considerably in their contributions to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it has been suggested that conservation priority should be given to disproportionately important local communities (i.e., keystone communities). However, we know little about what characterizes a keystone community. Using laboratory protist microcosms as the model system, we examined how the environmental uniqueness and location of a local community affect its contributions to the metacommunities. We found that the removal of local communities with unique environmental conditions, which supported endemic species, reduced regional-scale diversity, qualifying them as regional-scale keystone communities. In addition, the local communities possessing unique environmental conditions had greater impacts on ecosystem functions, including biovolume production and particulate organic matter decomposition. We also found that keystone communities for biovolume production were not keystone for organic matter decomposition, and vice versa. Our study, therefore, demonstrates the important role of keystone communities in maintaining biodiversity and functioning of metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | | | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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102
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Borges PP, Dias MS, Carvalho FR, Casatti L, Pompeu PS, Cetra M, Tejerina-Garro FL, Súarez YR, Nabout JC, Teresa FB. Stream fish metacommunity organisation across a Neotropical ecoregion: The role of environment, anthropogenic impact and dispersal-based processes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233733. [PMID: 32453798 PMCID: PMC7250414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how assemblages are structured in space and the factors promoting their distributions is one of the main goals in Ecology, however, studies regarding the distribution of organisms at larger scales remain biased towards terrestrial groups. We attempt to understand if the structure of stream fish metacommunities across a Neotropical ecoregion (Upper Paraná-drainage area of 820,000 km2) are affected by environmental variables, describing natural environmental gradient, anthropogenic impacts and spatial predictors. For this, we obtained 586 sampling points of fish assemblages in the ecoregion and data on environmental and spatial predictors that potentially affect fish assemblages. We calculated the local beta diversity (Local Contribution to Beta Diversity, LCBD) and alpha diversity from the species list, to be used as response variables in the partial regression models, while the anthropogenic impacts, environmental gradient and spatial factors were used as predictors. We found a high total beta diversity for the ecoregion (0.41) where the greatest values for each site sampled were located at the edges of the ecoregion, while richer communities were found more centrally. All sets of predictors explained the LCBD and alpha diversity, but the most important was dispersal variables, followed by the natural environmental gradient and anthropogenic impact. However, we found an increase in the models' prediction power through the shared effect. Results suggest that environmental filters (i.e. environmental variables such as climate, hydrology and anthropogenic impact) and dispersal limitation together shape fish assemblages of the Upper Paraná ecoregion, showing the importance of using multiple sets of predictors to understand the processes structuring biodiversity distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulino Borges
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática (Bioecol), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Murilo Sversut Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Setor de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Casatti
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Santos Pompeu
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Peixes, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cetra
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais (DCA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro
- Centro de Biologia Aquática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade-PPSTMA, UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Yzel Rondon Súarez
- Centro Integrado de Análise e Monitoramento Ambiental (CInAM), Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Nabout
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática (Bioecol), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Barreto Teresa
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática (Bioecol), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
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103
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Miranda-Flores KP, Chamorro-Florescano IA, Favila ME, Alanís-Méndez JL, Ortiz-Domínguez M. Diversidad del paisaje y remoción del estiércol por escarabajos coprófagos en pastizales del norte de Veracruz. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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104
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Matuoka MA, Benchimol M, Morante‐Filho JC. Tropical forest loss drives divergent patterns in functional diversity of forest and non‐forest birds. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maísa A. Matuoka
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - José Carlos Morante‐Filho
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
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105
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Functional Genomics Differentiate Inherent and Environmentally Influenced Traits in Dinoflagellate and Diatom Communities. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040567. [PMID: 32326461 PMCID: PMC7232425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates and diatoms are among the most prominent microeukaryotic plankton groups, and they have evolved different functional traits reflecting their roles within ecosystems. However, links between their metabolic processes and functional traits within different environmental contexts warrant further study. The functional biodiversity of dinoflagellates and diatoms was accessed with metatranscriptomics using Pfam protein domains as proxies for functional processes. Despite the overall geographic similarity of functional responses, abiotic (i.e., temperature and salinity; ~800 Pfam domains) and biotic (i.e., taxonomic group; ~1500 Pfam domains) factors influencing particular functional responses were identified. Salinity and temperature were identified as the main drivers of community composition. Higher temperatures were associated with an increase of Pfam domains involved in energy metabolism and a decrease of processes associated with translation and the sulfur cycle. Salinity changes were correlated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (e.g., terpenoids and polyketides) and signal transduction processes, indicating an overall strong effect on the biota. The abundance of dinoflagellates was positively correlated with nitrogen metabolism, vesicular transport and signal transduction, highlighting their link to biotic interactions (more so than diatoms) and suggesting the central role of species interactions in the evolution of dinoflagellates. Diatoms were associated with metabolites (e.g., isoprenoids and carotenoids), as well as lysine degradation, which highlights their ecological role as important primary producers and indicates the physiological importance of these metabolic pathways for diatoms in their natural environment. These approaches and gathered information will support ecological questions concerning the marine ecosystem state and metabolic interactions in the marine environment.
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106
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Grossman JJ, Cavender‐Bares J, Hobbie SE. Functional diversity of leaf litter mixtures slows decomposition of labile but not recalcitrant carbon over two years. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake J. Grossman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota55108USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender‐Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota55108USA
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota55108USA
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107
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Scott JJ, Adam TC, Duran A, Burkepile DE, Rasher DB. Intestinal microbes: an axis of functional diversity among large marine consumers. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192367. [PMID: 32228407 PMCID: PMC7209056 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans, yet the manner and extent of their influence on the ecology and evolution of large, mobile fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we establish the intestinal microbiome as a hidden, and potentially important, 'functional trait' of tropical herbivorous fishes-a group of large consumers critical to coral reef resilience. Using field observations, we demonstrate that five common Caribbean fish species display marked differences in where they feed and what they feed on. However, in addition to space use and feeding behaviour-two commonly measured functional traits-we find that interspecific trait differences are even more pronounced when considering the herbivore intestinal microbiome. Microbiome composition was highly species specific. Phylogenetic comparison of the dominant microbiome members to all known microbial taxa suggest that microbiomes are comprised of putative environmental generalists, animal-associates and fish specialists (resident symbionts), the latter of which mapped onto host phylogeny. These putative symbionts are most similar to-among all known microbes-those that occupy the intestines of ecologically and evolutionarily related herbivorous fishes in more distant ocean basins. Our findings therefore suggest that the intestinal microbiome may be an important functional trait among these large-bodied consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod J Scott
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, República de Panamá, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Thomas C Adam
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Alain Duran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Deron E Burkepile
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Douglas B Rasher
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
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108
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Heilpern SA, Anujan K, Osuri A, Naeem S. Positive correlations in species functional contributions drive the response of multifunctionality to biodiversity loss. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192501. [PMID: 32228411 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in biodiversity can severely affect ecosystem functioning, but the impacts of species loss on an ecosystem's ability to sustain multiple functions remain unclear. When considering individual functions, the impacts of biodiversity loss depend on correlations between species functional contributions and their extinction probabilities. When considering multiple functions, the impacts of biodiversity loss depend on correlations between species contributions to individual functions. However, how correlations between extinction probabilities and functional contributions determine the impact of biodiversity loss on multifunctionality (MF) is not well understood. Here, we use biodiversity loss simulations to examine the influence of correlations among multiple functions and extinction probabilities on the diversity-MF relationship. In contrast with random extinction, we find that the response of MF to biodiversity loss is influenced by the absence of positive correlations between species functional contributions, rather than by negative correlations. Communities with a high number of pairwise positive correlations in functional contributions achieve higher levels of MF, but are also less resilient to extinction. This work implies that understanding how species extinction probabilities correlate with their contribution to MF can help identify the degree to which MF will change with ongoing biodiversity loss and target conservation efforts to maximize MF resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Heilpern
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Krishna Anujan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anand Osuri
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
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109
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Pimiento C, Leprieur F, Silvestro D, Lefcheck JS, Albouy C, Rasher DB, Davis M, Svenning JC, Griffin JN. Functional diversity of marine megafauna in the Anthropocene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7650. [PMID: 32494601 PMCID: PMC7164949 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine megafauna, the largest animals in the oceans, serve key roles in ecosystem functioning. Yet, one-third of these animals are at risk of extinction. To better understand the potential consequences of megafaunal loss, here we quantify their current functional diversity, predict future changes under different extinction scenarios, and introduce a new metric [functionally unique, specialized and endangered (FUSE)] that identifies threatened species of particular importance for functional diversity. Simulated extinction scenarios forecast marked declines in functional richness if current trajectories are maintained during the next century (11% globally; up to 24% regionally), with more marked reductions (48% globally; up to 70% at the poles) beyond random expectations if all threatened species eventually go extinct. Among the megafaunal groups, sharks will incur a disproportionate loss of functional richness. We identify top FUSE species and suggest a renewed focus on these species to preserve the ecosystem functions provided by marine megafauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pimiento
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072, Balboa, Panama
- Corresponding author.
| | - F. Leprieur
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - D. Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Global Gothenburg Biodiversity Centre, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - J. S. Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - C. Albouy
- IFREMER, Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l’Halieutique, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - D. B. Rasher
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - M. Davis
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - J.-C. Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J. N. Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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110
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Heintz-Buschart A, Guerra C, Djukic I, Cesarz S, Chatzinotas A, Patoine G, Sikorski J, Buscot F, Küsel K, Wegner CE, Eisenhauer N. Microbial diversity-ecosystem function relationships across environmental gradients. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e52217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of increasing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems around the globe, the question how biodiversity change of organisms in the critical zone between Earth’s canopies and bedrock relates to ecosystem functions is an urgent issue, as human life relies on these functions. Particularly, soils play vital roles in nutrient cycling, promotion of plant growth, water purification, litter decomposition, and carbon storage, thereby securing food and water resources and stabilizing the climate. Soil functions are carried to a large part by complex communities of microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi and protists. The assessment of microbial diversity and the microbiome's functional potential continues to pose significant challenges. Next generation sequencing offers some of the most promising tools to help shedding light on microbial diversity-function relationships. Studies relating microbial diversity and ecosystem functions are rare, particularly those on how this relationship is influenced by environmental gradients. The proposed project focuses on decomposition as one of the most important microbial soil ecosystem functions. The researchers from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig combine an unparalleled range of expertise from next generation sequencing- based analysis of microbial communities (“meta-omics”) to soil ecology and biodiversity-ecosystem function research. This consortium will make use of soil samples from large international networks to assess microbial diversity both at the taxonomic and functional level and across the domains of life. By linking microbial diversity to functional measurements of decomposition and environmental gradients, the proposed project aims to achieve a comprehensive scale-independent understanding of environmental drivers and anthropogenic effects on the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities and subsequent consequences for ecosystem functioning.
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111
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Yizhaq H, Shachak M, Meron E. A model study of terraced riverbeds as novel ecosystems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3782. [PMID: 32123214 PMCID: PMC7052233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Riverbed terracing has been introduced in ancient times to retain water and soil, to reduce hydrological connectivity and erosion and to increase primary and secondary productivity of agro-ecological systems. These presently abandoned human-made landscapes have become novel ecosystems and a potential source of ecosystem services to humans in drylands. We use a mathematical-modeling approach to study factors that regulate terraced riverbeds and affect community and ecosystem attributes such as productivity, functional diversity and resilience to droughts. We introduce a model that captures the relationships between rainfall pattern, runoff coupling between adjacent terraces, and vegetation growth, taking into account competition for water and light. We found that a large number of weak rainfall events results in lower total biomass and functional diversity across the terraced riverbed compared with a few strong rainfall events. We further analyzed the filtering of species traits from pools of functional groups that make different tradeoffs between investment in above-ground biomass to capture canopy resources and investment in below-ground biomass to capture soil resources. Pools characterized by concave tradeoffs give rise to higher functional diversity, lower biomass production and lower resilience to droughts, as compared with convex pools. New empirical studies are needed to test these model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezi Yizhaq
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
| | - Moshe Shachak
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Ehud Meron
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel.,Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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112
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Banitz T, Chatzinotas A, Worrich A. Prospects for Integrating Disturbances, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Using Microbial Systems. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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113
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Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:230-239. [PMID: 31932703 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animals have diversified into a bewildering variety of morphological forms exploiting a complex configuration of trophic niches. Their morphological diversity is widely used as an index of ecosystem function, but the extent to which animal traits predict trophic niches and associated ecological processes is unclear. Here we use the measurements of nine key morphological traits for >99% bird species to show that avian trophic diversity is described by a trait space with four dimensions. The position of species within this space maps with 70-85% accuracy onto major niche axes, including trophic level, dietary resource type and finer-scale variation in foraging behaviour. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that these form-function associations reflect convergence towards predictable trait combinations, indicating that morphological variation is organized into a limited set of dimensions by evolutionary adaptation. Our results establish the minimum dimensionality required for avian functional traits to predict subtle variation in trophic niches and provide a global framework for exploring the origin, function and conservation of bird diversity.
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114
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Mbaru EK, Graham NAJ, McClanahan TR, Cinner JE. Functional traits illuminate the selective impacts of different fishing gears on coral reefs. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K. Mbaru
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) Mombasa Kenya
| | | | | | - Joshua E. Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
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115
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Seto M, Iwasa Y. The fitness of chemotrophs increases when their catabolic by-products are consumed by other species. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1994-2005. [PMID: 31612608 PMCID: PMC6899997 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemotrophic microorganisms synthesise biomass by utilising energy obtained from a set of chemical reactions that convert resources to by-products, forming catabolic interactions. The amount of energy obtained per catabolic reaction decreases with the abundance of the by-product named as the 'abundant resource premium'. Consider two species, Species 1 and 2, Species 1 obtains energy from a reaction that converts resource A to by-product B. Species 2 then utilises B as its resource, extracting energy from a reaction that converts B to C. Thus, the presence of Species 2 reduces the abundance of B, which improves the fitness of Species 1 by increasing the energy acquisition per reaction of A to B. We discuss the population dynamic implication of this effect and its importance in expanding a realised niche, boosting material flow through the ecosystem and providing mutualistic interactions among species linked by the material flow. Introducing thermodynamics into population ecology could offer us fundamental ecological insights into understanding the ecology of chemotrophic microorganisms dominating the subsurface realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Seto
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental SciencesNara Women’s UniversityKita‐Uoya NishimachiNara630‐8506Japan
| | - Yoh Iwasa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversityGakuen 2‐1, Sanda‐shiHyogo669‐1337Japan
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116
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Grace M, Akçakaya HR, Bennett E, Hilton-Taylor C, Long B, Milner-Gulland EJ, Young R, Hoffmann M. Using historical and palaeoecological data to inform ambitious species recovery targets. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190297. [PMID: 31679497 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical data are a valuable resource for addressing present-day conservation issues, for example by informing the establishment of appropriate recovery targets. However, while the recovery of threatened species is the end goal of many conservation programmes, data made available through the efforts of palaeoecologists and historical ecologists are rarely consulted. The proposal of a 'Green List of Species' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) will soon change this. The Green List of Species measures recovery against historical baselines; in particular, the method requires estimates of species range and abundance in previous centuries. In this paper, we present the case for why setting species recovery against a historical baseline is necessary to produce ambitious conservation targets, and we highlight examples from palaeoecology and historical ecology where fossil and archival data have been used to establish historical species baselines. Finally, we introduce Conservation Archive (https://conservationarchive.shinyapps.io/ConservationArchive/), a database of resources that can be used to infer baseline species conditions, and invite contributions to this database. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Grace
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - H Resit Akçakaya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Bennett
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | | | - Barney Long
- Global Wildlife Conservation, 500 North Capital of Texas Highway, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | | | - Richard Young
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Trinity, Jersey JE3 5BP, Channel Islands
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
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117
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Dainese M, Martin EA, Aizen MA, Albrecht M, Bartomeus I, Bommarco R, Carvalheiro LG, Chaplin-Kramer R, Gagic V, Garibaldi LA, Ghazoul J, Grab H, Jonsson M, Karp DS, Kennedy CM, Kleijn D, Kremen C, Landis DA, Letourneau DK, Marini L, Poveda K, Rader R, Smith HG, Tscharntke T, Andersson GKS, Badenhausser I, Baensch S, Bezerra ADM, Bianchi FJJA, Boreux V, Bretagnolle V, Caballero-Lopez B, Cavigliasso P, Ćetković A, Chacoff NP, Classen A, Cusser S, da Silva e Silva FD, de Groot GA, Dudenhöffer JH, Ekroos J, Fijen T, Franck P, Freitas BM, Garratt MPD, Gratton C, Hipólito J, Holzschuh A, Hunt L, Iverson AL, Jha S, Keasar T, Kim TN, Kishinevsky M, Klatt BK, Klein AM, Krewenka KM, Krishnan S, Larsen AE, Lavigne C, Liere H, Maas B, Mallinger RE, Martinez Pachon E, Martínez-Salinas A, Meehan TD, Mitchell MGE, Molina GAR, Nesper M, Nilsson L, O'Rourke ME, Peters MK, Plećaš M, Potts SG, Ramos DDL, Rosenheim JA, Rundlöf M, Rusch A, Sáez A, Scheper J, Schleuning M, Schmack JM, Sciligo AR, Seymour C, Stanley DA, Stewart R, Stout JC, Sutter L, Takada MB, Taki H, Tamburini G, Tschumi M, Viana BF, Westphal C, Willcox BK, Wratten SD, Yoshioka A, Zaragoza-Trello C, Zhang W, Zou Y, Steffan-Dewenter I. A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0121. [PMID: 31663019 PMCID: PMC6795509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emily A. Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Integrative Ecology, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luisa G. Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciencias, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Vesna Gagic
- CSIRO, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Sede Andina, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN) y CONICET, Mitre 630, CP 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heather Grab
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel S. Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christina M. Kennedy
- Global Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Claire Kremen
- IRES and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Landis
- Department of Entomology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 204 CIPS, 578 Wilson Ave, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Deborah K. Letourneau
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg K. S. Andersson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- USC1339 INRA-CNRS, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, Beauvoir sur Niort 79360, France
- INRA, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (URP3F), Lusignan 86600, France
| | - Svenja Baensch
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Felix J. J. A. Bianchi
- Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Virginie Boreux
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sevre, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, Beauvoir sur Niort 79360, France
| | | | - Pablo Cavigliasso
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Concordia, Estacion Yuqueri y vias del Ferrocarril s/n, 3200 Entre Rios, Argentina
| | - Aleksandar Ćetković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natacha P. Chacoff
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CONICET, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alice Classen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Cusser
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Felipe D. da Silva e Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Campus of Barra do Garças/MT, 78600-000, Brazil
- Center of Sustainable Development, University of Brasília (UnB)—Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - G. Arjen de Groot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Dudenhöffer
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thijs Fijen
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Pierre Franck
- INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Breno M. Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia–CCA, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60.356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael P. D. Garratt
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Juliana Hipólito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Sede Andina, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN) y CONICET, Mitre 630, CP 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), CEP 69.067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lauren Hunt
- Human-Environment Systems, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Aaron L. Iverson
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, 401 Biological Laboratories, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tamar Keasar
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa, Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | - Tania N. Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 125 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA
| | - Miriam Kishinevsky
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Björn K. Klatt
- Department of Biology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristin M. Krewenka
- Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Smitha Krishnan
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioversity International, Bangalore 560 065, India
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | - Ashley E. Larsen
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Claire Lavigne
- INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Heidi Liere
- Department of Environmental Studies, Seattle University, 901 12th Avenue, Seattle, WA 9812, USA
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel E. Mallinger
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | | | - Alejandra Martínez-Salinas
- Agriculture, Livestock and Agroforestry Program, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Cartago, Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica
| | | | - Matthew G. E. Mitchell
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gonzalo A. R. Molina
- Cátedra de Avicultura, Cunicultura y Apicultura, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Maike Nesper
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lovisa Nilsson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Megan E. O'Rourke
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marcell K. Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milan Plećaš
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Davi de L. Ramos
- Department of Ecology, UnB—Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jay A. Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Agustín Sáez
- INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia M. Schmack
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amber R. Sciligo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa
| | - Dara A. Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Stewart
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jane C. Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Louis Sutter
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mayura B. Takada
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 188-0002 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschumi
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blandina F. Viana
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-210 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bryony K. Willcox
- School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Akira Yoshioka
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 963-770 Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Tucker CM, Aze T, Cadotte MW, Cantalapiedra JL, Chisholm C, Díaz S, Grenyer R, Huang D, Mazel F, Pearse WD, Pennell MW, Winter M, Mooers AO. Assessing the utility of conserving evolutionary history. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1740-1760. [PMID: 31149769 PMCID: PMC6852562 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is often claimed that conserving evolutionary history is more efficient than species-based approaches for capturing the attributes of biodiversity that benefit people. This claim underpins academic analyses and recommendations about the distribution and prioritization of species and areas for conservation, but evolutionary history is rarely considered in practical conservation activities. One impediment to implementation is that arguments related to the human-centric benefits of evolutionary history are often vague and the underlying mechanisms poorly explored. Herein we identify the arguments linking the prioritization of evolutionary history with benefits to people, and for each we explicate the purported mechanism, and evaluate its theoretical and empirical support. We find that, even after 25 years of academic research, the strength of evidence linking evolutionary history to human benefits is still fragile. Most - but not all - arguments rely on the assumption that evolutionary history is a useful surrogate for phenotypic diversity. This surrogacy relationship in turn underlies additional arguments, particularly that, by capturing more phenotypic diversity, evolutionary history will preserve greater ecosystem functioning, capture more of the natural variety that humans prefer, and allow the maintenance of future benefits to humans. A surrogate relationship between evolutionary history and phenotypic diversity appears reasonable given theoretical and empirical results, but the strength of this relationship varies greatly. To the extent that evolutionary history captures unmeasured phenotypic diversity, maximizing the representation of evolutionary history should capture variation in species characteristics that are otherwise unknown, supporting some of the existing arguments. However, there is great variation in the strength and availability of evidence for benefits associated with protecting phenotypic diversity. There are many studies finding positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, but little work exists on the maintenance of future benefits or the degree to which humans prefer sets of species with high phenotypic diversity or evolutionary history. Although several arguments link the protection of evolutionary history directly with the reduction of extinction rates, and with the production of relatively greater future biodiversity via increased adaptation or diversification, there are few direct tests. Several of these putative benefits have mismatches between the relevant spatial scales for conservation actions and the spatial scales at which benefits to humans are realized. It will be important for future work to fill in some of these gaps through direct tests of the arguments we define here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Tucker
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB #3280 120 South RoadChapel Hill, NC 27599‐3280U.S.A.
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), CNRS34090 MontpellierFrance
| | - Tracy Aze
- School of Earth and Environment, Maths/Earth and Environment BuildingUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military TrailTorontoONM1C 1A4Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto, 25 Willcocks StreetTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Juan L. Cantalapiedra
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz‐Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 4310115BerlinGermany
- Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresMadridSpain
| | - Chelsea Chisholm
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionQuartier UNIL‐Sorge Batiment Biophore CH‐1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 4955000CórdobaArgentina
| | - Richard Grenyer
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentSouth Parks Road, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QYU.K.
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science InstituteNational University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558Singapore
| | - Florent Mazel
- Department of Biological Sciences8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCV5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Botany2329 West Mall, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre2212 Main Mall, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center5205 Old Main Hill, Utah State UniversityLoganUT84322, U.S.A.
| | - Matthew W. Pennell
- Biodiversity Research Centre2212 Main Mall, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of ZoologySouth Parks Road, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 LeipzigGermany
| | - Arne O. Mooers
- Department of Biological Sciences8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCV5A 1S6, Canada
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Boyé A, Thiébaut É, Grall J, Legendre P, Broudin C, Houbin C, Le Garrec V, Maguer M, Droual G, Gauthier O. Trait‐based approach to monitoring marine benthic data along 500 km of coastline. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Boyé
- CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR Univ Brest Plouzane France
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Éric Thiébaut
- Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin UMR 7144 CNRS Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff Cedex France
| | - Jacques Grall
- CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR Univ Brest Plouzane France
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Pierre Legendre
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Caroline Broudin
- CNRS Station Biologique de Roscoff FR 2424 Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Céline Houbin
- CNRS Station Biologique de Roscoff FR 2424 Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Vincent Le Garrec
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Marion Maguer
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Gabin Droual
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR Univ Brest Plouzane France
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
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Canavero A, Arim M, Pérez F, Jaksic FM, Marquet PA. Phenological modularity in amphibian calling behaviour: Geographic trends and local determinants. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Canavero
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES); Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental; Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE); Universidad de la República; Tacuarembó s/n Maldonado Uruguay
| | - Matías Arim
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental; Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE); Universidad de la República; Tacuarembó s/n Maldonado Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Pérez
- Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Fabian M. Jaksic
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES); Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo A. Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB); Santiago Chile
- The Santa Fe Institute; Santa Fe New Mexico USA
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Passy SI, Larson CA. Niche dimensionality and herbivory control stream algal biomass via shifts in guild composition, richness, and evenness. Ecology 2019; 100:e02831. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia I. Passy
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington 501 S. Nedderman Drive Arlington Texas 76019 USA
| | - Chad A. Larson
- Washington State Department of Ecology Environmental Assessment Program 300 Desmond Drive SE Lacey Washington 98503 USA
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Diversity-triggered deterministic bacterial assembly constrains community functions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3833. [PMID: 31444343 PMCID: PMC6707308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that microbial α-diversity (local species richness) may have positive effects on ecosystem function. However, less attention has been paid to β-diversity (the variation among local microbial assemblages). Here we studied the impact of microbial α-diversity on stochastic/deterministic microbial community assembly processes, which are related to β-diversity, and the consequences for community function. Bacterial communities differing in α-diversity were generated and their structures and potential community functional traits were inferred from DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis suggests that stochastic assembly processes are dominant in high-diversity communities. However, in low-diversity communities, deterministic assembly processes are dominant, associating with the reduction of specialized functions that are correlated with specific bacterial taxa. Overall, we suggest that the low-diversity-induced deterministic community assembly processes may constrain community functions, highlighting the potential roles of specialized functions in community assembly and in generating and sustaining the function of soil ecosystems. The role of microbial β-diversity in soil ecosystem function is not well-studied. Here, the authors use genetic data to show that microbial α-diversity levels may have impacts on stochastic/deterministic assembly processes and functions of soil microbiome.
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Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Bartrons M, Bartrons R. Editorial: Cancer Ecosystems. Front Oncol 2019; 9:718. [PMID: 31482062 PMCID: PMC6710358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zervas D, Tsiaoussi V, Kallimanis AS, Dimopoulos P, Tsiripidis I. Exploring the relationships between aquatic macrophyte functional traits and anthropogenic pressures in freshwater lakes. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Eisenhauer N, Schielzeth H, Barnes AD, Barry K, Bonn A, Brose U, Bruelheide H, Buchmann N, Buscot F, Ebeling A, Ferlian O, Freschet GT, Giling DP, Hättenschwiler S, Hillebrand H, Hines J, Isbell F, Koller-France E, König-Ries B, de Kroon H, Meyer ST, Milcu A, Müller J, Nock CA, Petermann JS, Roscher C, Scherber C, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schnitzer SA, Schuldt A, Tscharntke T, Türke M, van Dam NM, van der Plas F, Vogel A, Wagg C, Wardle DA, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Jochum M. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. ADV ECOL RES 2019; 61:1-54. [PMID: 31908360 PMCID: PMC6944504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Schielzeth
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathryn Barry
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- EcoNetLab, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstr. 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Buscot
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Darren P Giling
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments [ICBM], Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eva Koller-France
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie, Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Birgitta König-Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian T Meyer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Propre de Service 3248, Campus Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2H1
| | - Jana S Petermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Dept. of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU) - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Vogel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, E3B 8B7, Fredericton, Canada
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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Rzanny M, Mäder P, Deggelmann A, Chen M, Wäldchen J. Flowers, leaves or both? How to obtain suitable images for automated plant identification. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:77. [PMID: 31367223 PMCID: PMC6651978 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning algorithms for automated plant identification need large quantities of precisely labelled images in order to produce reliable classification results. Here, we explore what kind of perspectives and their combinations contain more characteristic information and therefore allow for higher identification accuracy. RESULTS We developed an image-capturing scheme to create observations of flowering plants. Each observation comprises five in-situ images of the same individual from predefined perspectives (entire plant, flower frontal- and lateral view, leaf top- and back side view). We collected a completely balanced dataset comprising 100 observations for each of 101 species with an emphasis on groups of conspecific and visually similar species including twelve Poaceae species. We used this dataset to train convolutional neural networks and determine the prediction accuracy for each single perspective and their combinations via score level fusion. Top-1 accuracies ranged between 77% (entire plant) and 97% (fusion of all perspectives) when averaged across species. Flower frontal view achieved the highest accuracy (88%). Fusing flower frontal, flower lateral and leaf top views yields the most reasonable compromise with respect to acquisition effort and accuracy (96%). The perspective achieving the highest accuracy was species dependent. CONCLUSIONS We argue that image databases of herbaceous plants would benefit from multi organ observations, comprising at least the front and lateral perspective of flowers and the leaf top view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rzanny
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Software Engineering for Safety-Critical Systems Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ehrenbergstr. 20, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Alice Deggelmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena, Germany
| | - Minqian Chen
- Software Engineering for Safety-Critical Systems Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ehrenbergstr. 20, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jana Wäldchen
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena, Germany
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Inman R, Fotheringham AS, Franklin J, Esque T, Edwards T, Nussear K. Local niche differences predict genotype associations in sister taxa of desert tortoise. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Inman
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Henderson Nevada
| | | | - Janet Franklin
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California – Riverside Riverside California
| | - Todd Esque
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Henderson Nevada
| | - Taylor Edwards
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
| | - Kenneth Nussear
- Department of Geography University of Nevada – Reno Reno Nevada
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128
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Sheng HX, Xu H, Zhang L, Chen W. Ecosystem intrinsic value and its application in decision-making for sustainable development. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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129
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Ladino G, Ospina‐Bautista F, Estévez Varón J, Jerabkova L, Kratina P. Ecosystem services provided by bromeliad plants: A systematic review. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7360-7372. [PMID: 31380056 PMCID: PMC6662323 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented loss of biological diversity has negative impacts on ecosystems and the associated benefits which they provide to humans. Bromeliads have high diversity throughout the Neotropics, but they have been negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, and commercialization for ornamental purpose. These plants provide direct benefits to the human society, and they also form microecosystems in which accumulated water and nutrients support the communities of aquatic and terrestrial species, thus maintaining local diversity. We performed a systematic review of the contribution of bromeliads to ecosystem services across their native geographical distribution. We showed that bromeliads provide a range of ecosystem services such as maintenance of biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, and the provisioning of food and water. Moreover, bromeliads can regulate the spread of diseases, and water and carbon cycling, and they have the potential to become important sources of chemical and pharmaceutical products. The majority of this research was performed in Brazil, but future research from other Neotropical countries with a high diversity of bromeliads would fill the current knowledge gaps and increase the generality of these findings. This systematic review identified that future research should focus on provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that have been currently overlooked. This would enhance our understanding of how bromeliad diversity contributes to human welfare, and the negative consequences that loss of bromeliad plants can have on communities of other species and the healthy functioning of the entire ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Ladino
- Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de CaldasManizalesColombia
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Missirian A, Frank EG, Gersony JT, Wong JCY, Naeem S. Biodiversity and thermal ecological function: The influence of freshwater algal diversity on local thermal environments. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6949-6958. [PMID: 31380025 PMCID: PMC6662266 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of temperature on diversity and ecosystem functioning is well studied; the converse however, that is, how biodiversity influences temperature, much less so. We manipulated freshwater algal species diversity in microbial microcosms to uncover how diversity influenced primary production, which is well documented in biodiversity research. We then also explored how visible-spectrum absorbance and the local thermal environment responded to biodiversity change. Variations in the local thermal environment, that is, in the temperature of the immediate surroundings of a community, are known to matter not only for the rate of ecosystem processes, but also for persistence of species assemblages and the very relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In our microcosm experiment, we found a significant positive association between algal species richness and primary production, a negative association between primary production and visible-spectrum absorbance, and a positive association between visible-spectrum absorbance and the response of the local thermal environment (i.e., change in thermal infrared emittance over a unit time). These findings support an indirect effect of algal diversity on the local thermal environment pointing to a hitherto unrecognized biodiversity effect in which diversity has a predictable influence on local thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouch Missirian
- School of International and Public AffairsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Eyal G. Frank
- Harris School of Public PolicyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jess T. Gersony
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Jason C. Y. Wong
- School of International and Public AffairsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
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131
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The effects of functional diversity on biomass production, variability, and resilience of ecosystem functions in a tritrophic system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7541. [PMID: 31101880 PMCID: PMC6525189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse communities can adjust their trait composition to altered environmental conditions, which may strongly influence their dynamics. Previous studies of trait-based models mainly considered only one or two trophic levels, whereas most natural system are at least tritrophic. Therefore, we investigated how the addition of trait variation to each trophic level influences population and community dynamics in a tritrophic model. Examining the phase relationships between species of adjacent trophic levels informs about the strength of top-down or bottom-up control in non-steady-state situations. Phase relationships within a trophic level highlight compensatory dynamical patterns between functionally different species, which are responsible for dampening the community temporal variability. Furthermore, even without trait variation, our tritrophic model always exhibits regions with two alternative states with either weak or strong nutrient exploitation, and correspondingly low or high biomass production at the top level. However, adding trait variation increased the basin of attraction of the high-production state, and decreased the likelihood of a critical transition from the high- to the low-production state with no apparent early warning signals. Hence, our study shows that trait variation enhances resource use efficiency, production, stability, and resilience of entire food webs.
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Kearsley E, Hufkens K, Verbeeck H, Bauters M, Beeckman H, Boeckx P, Huygens D. Large-sized rare tree species contribute disproportionately to functional diversity in resource acquisition in African tropical forest. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4349-4361. [PMID: 31031910 PMCID: PMC6476792 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence is available for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem productivity and standing biomass, also in highly diverse systems as tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation could therefore be a critical aspect of climate mitigation policies. There is, however, limited understanding of the role of individual species for this relationship, which could aid in focusing conservation efforts and forest management planning. This study characterizes the functional specialization and redundancy for 95% of all tree species (basal area weighted percentage) in a diverse tropical forest in the central Congo Basin and relates this to species' abundance, contribution to aboveground carbon, and maximum size. Functional characterization is based on a set of traits related to resource acquisition (wood density, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and leaf stable carbon isotope composition). We show that within both mixed and monodominant tropical forest ecosystems, the highest functional specialization and lowest functional redundancy are solely found in rare tree species and significantly more in rare species holding large-sized individuals. Rare species cover the entire range of low and high functional redundancy, contributing both unique and redundant functions. Loss of species supporting functional redundancy could be buffered by other species in the community, including more abundant species. This is not the case for species supporting high functional specialization and low functional redundancy, which would need specific conservation attention. In terms of tropical forest management planning, we argue that specific conservation of large-sized trees is imperative for long-term maintenance of ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Dries Huygens
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Soil ScienceUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
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Schick A, Porembski S, Hobson PR, Ibisch PL. Classification of key ecological attributes and stresses of biodiversity for ecosystem-based conservation assessments and management. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Arruda Almeida B, Sebastián‐González E, dos Anjos L, Green AJ, Botella F. A functional perspective for breeding and wintering waterbird communities: temporal trends in species and trait diversity. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bia de Arruda Almeida
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação e Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Univ. Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790 Bloco G‐90, 87020900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Luiz dos Anjos
- Depto de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ. Estadual de Londrina, Londrina Paraná Brazil
| | - Andy J. Green
- Dept of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station EBD‐CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Depto de Biología Aplicada, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Elche Alicante Spain
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Daam MA, Teixeira H, Lillebø AI, Nogueira AJA. Establishing causal links between aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Status and research needs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1145-1156. [PMID: 30625646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how changes in biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning is imperative in allowing Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM), especially when addressing global change and environmental degradation. Research into the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has indeed increased considerably over the past decades. BEF research has focussed on terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems have received considerably less attention. Due to differences in phylogenetic diversity, ecological processes and reported BEF relationships, however, it may at least be questionable whether BEF relationships are exchangeable between these ecosystems (i.e. terrestrial and aquatic). The aim of the present paper was therefore to pinpoint key areas and bottlenecks in establishing BEF relationships for aquatic ecosystems (freshwater, transitional, and marine). To this end, the available literature with special emphasis on the last 10 years was assessed to evaluate: i) reported mechanisms and shapes of aquatic BEF relationships; ii) to what extent BEF relations are interchangeable or ecosystem-specific; and iii) contemporary gaps and needs in aquatic BEF research. Based on our analysis, it may be concluded that despite considerable progress in BEF research over the past decades, several bottlenecks still need to be tackled, namely incorporating the multitude of functions supported by ecosystems, functional distinctiveness of rare species, multitrophic interactions and spatial-temporal scales, before BEF relationships can be used in ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heliana Teixeira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António J A Nogueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal.
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136
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Remote Observation in Habitat Suitability Changes for Waterbirds in the West Songnen Plain, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Being one of the most important habitats for waterbirds, China’s West Songnen Plain has experienced substantial damage to its ecosystem, especially the loss and degradation of wetlands and grasslands due to anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. These occurrences have led to an obvious decrease in waterbird species and overall population size. Periodic and timely monitoring of changes in habitat suitability and understanding the potential driving factors for waterbirds are essential for maintaining regional ecological security. In this study, land cover changes from 2000 to 2015 in this eco-sensitive plain were examined using Landsat images and an object-based classification method. Four groups of environmental factors, including human disturbance, water situation, food availability, and shelter safety, characterized by remote sensing data were selected to develop a habitat suitability index (HSI) for assessing habitat suitability for waterbirds. HSI was further classified into four grades (optimum, good, general, and poor), and their spatiotemporal patterns were documented from 2000 to 2015. Our results revealed that cropland expansion and wetland shrinkage were the dominant land cover changes. Waterbird habitat areas in the optimum grade experienced a sharp decline by 7195 km2. The habitat area in good suitability experienced reduction at a change rate of −8.64%, from 38,672 km2 to 35,331 km2. In addition, waterbird habitats in the general and poor grades increased overall by 10.31%. More specifically, the total habitat areas with optimum suitable grade, in five national nature reserves over the study region, decreased by 12.21%, while habitat areas with poor suitable grade increased by 3.89%. Changes in habitat suitability could be largely attributed to the increase in human disturbance, including agricultural cultivation from wetlands and grasslands and the expansion of built-up lands. Our findings indicate that additional attention should be directed towards reducing human impact on habitat suitability for sustainable ecosystems.
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137
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Cresson P, Le Direach L, Rouanet E, Goberville E, Astruch P, Ourgaud M, Harmelin-Vivien M. Functional traits unravel temporal changes in fish biomass production on artificial reefs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:137-146. [PMID: 30857649 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reefs (ARs) are deployed worldwide as they are expected to support fisheries management. While the underlying mechanisms remain widely debated, production was recently determined as the most probable cause of increases in fish biomass. Changes in fish biomass in a temperate AR system were investigated from December 2008 to November 2015 by considering seven distinct functional groups, and isotopic functional indices were used to identify how these changes may have affected organic matter (OM) fluxes. Contrasting patterns of change were observed between functional trophic groups, highlighting that combining the biomass of all species present in a community is inappropriate for assessing AR-induced effects. Benthic sedentary species predominated (>75% of the total biomass) through massive production, with a 68-fold increase in mean biomass over the study period. Mobile species tended to vary seasonally, suggesting only a slight influence of AR. Zooplanktivores biomass decreased over the 6-year period, as a possible result of changes in environmental conditions. Isotopic indices helped to reveal both the community maturation and the importance of local OM sources not only in supporting fish biomass production but also in attracting pelagic species. Our results corroborate that production and attraction are two extremes of a range of contrasting patterns and highlight the importance of considering the specific responses of functional components of fish communities to accurately describe changes in AR functioning. Functional attributes such as trophic traits, habitat use and dispersal abilities must not be overlooked as they modulate fish species responses to the deployment of man-made rocky substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Resources Halieutiques Manche Mer du Nord, F-62200, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Laurence Le Direach
- GIS Posidonie, OSU Institut Pythéas, Aix-Marseille Univ., Campus de Luminy, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Rouanet
- GIS Posidonie, OSU Institut Pythéas, Aix-Marseille Univ., Campus de Luminy, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Goberville
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, CP53, 61, Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Astruch
- GIS Posidonie, OSU Institut Pythéas, Aix-Marseille Univ., Campus de Luminy, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Ourgaud
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université; de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Mireille Harmelin-Vivien
- GIS Posidonie, OSU Institut Pythéas, Aix-Marseille Univ., Campus de Luminy, F-13288, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., Université; de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, F-13288, Marseille, France
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138
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Giling DP, Beaumelle L, Phillips HRP, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Gottschall F, Guerra C, Hines J, Sendek A, Siebert J, Thakur MP, Barnes AD. A niche for ecosystem multifunctionality in global change research. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:763-774. [PMID: 30449061 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Concern about human modification of Earth's ecosystems has recently motivated ecologists to address how global change drivers will impact the simultaneous provisioning of multiple functions, termed ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). However, metrics of EMF have often been applied in global change studies with little consideration of the information they provide beyond single functions, or how and why EMF may respond to global change drivers. Here, we critically review the current state of this rapidly expanding field and provide a conceptual framework to guide the effective incorporation of EMF in global change research. In particular, we emphasize the need for a priori identification and explicit testing of the biotic and abiotic mechanisms through which global change drivers impact EMF, as well as assessing correlations among multiple single functions because these patterns underlie shifts in EMF. While the role of biodiversity in mediating global change effects on EMF has justifiably received much attention, empirical support for effects via other biotic and physicochemical mechanisms are also needed. Studies also frequently stated the importance of measuring EMF responses to global change drivers to understand the potential consequences for multiple ecosystem services, but explicit links between measured functions and ecosystem services were missing from many such studies. While there is clear potential for EMF to provide novel insights to global change research, predictive understanding will be greatly improved by insuring future research is strongly hypothesis-driven, is designed to explicitly test multiple abiotic and biotic mechanisms, and assesses how single functions and their covariation drive emergent EMF responses to global change drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren P Giling
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerra
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jes Hines
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Sendek
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madhav P Thakur
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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139
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Vihervaara P, Franzese PP, Buonocore E. Information, energy, and eco-exergy as indicators of ecosystem complexity. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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140
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Turney S, Buddle CM. Body size mediates the relationship between spider (Arachnida: Araneae) assemblage composition and prey consumption rate: results of a mesocosm experiment in the Yukon, Canada. Oecologia 2019; 189:757-768. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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141
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Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, Garnett T, Tilman D, DeClerck F, Wood A, Jonell M, Clark M, Gordon LJ, Fanzo J, Hawkes C, Zurayk R, Rivera JA, De Vries W, Majele Sibanda L, Afshin A, Chaudhary A, Herrero M, Agustina R, Branca F, Lartey A, Fan S, Crona B, Fox E, Bignet V, Troell M, Lindahl T, Singh S, Cornell SE, Srinath Reddy K, Narain S, Nishtar S, Murray CJL. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet 2019; 393:447-492. [PMID: 30660336 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3453] [Impact Index Per Article: 690.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Willett
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brent Loken
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; EAT, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Lang
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeulen
- World Wide Fund for Nature International, Gland, Switzerland; Hoffmann Centre for Sustainable Resource Economy, Chatham House, London, UK
| | - Tara Garnett
- Food Climate Research Network, Environmental Change Institute and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Fabrice DeClerck
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; EAT, Oslo, Norway; Bioversity International, CGIAR, Montpellier, France
| | - Amanda Wood
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; EAT, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Michael Clark
- Natural Resources Science and Management, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jessica Fanzo
- Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Berman Institute of Bioethics and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Corinna Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rami Zurayk
- Department of Landscape Design and Ecosystem Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Wim De Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ashkan Afshin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Abhishek Chaudhary
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Francesco Branca
- Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lartey
- Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Economic and Social Development Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Rome, Italy
| | - Shenggen Fan
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Fox
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | | | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Lindahl
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudhvir Singh
- EAT, Oslo, Norway; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Sunita Narain
- Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, India
| | - Sania Nishtar
- Heartfile, Islamabad, Pakistan; WHO High Level Commission on NCDs, Geneva Switzerland; Chairperson Benazir Income Support Program, Islamabad, Pakistan
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142
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Chao A, Chiu C, Villéger S, Sun I, Thorn S, Lin Y, Chiang J, Sherwin WB. An attribute‐diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu 30043 Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier CNRS IFREMER IRD Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - I‐Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies National Tong Hwa University Hualien 97401 Taiwan
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biocenter, University of Würzburg Glashüttenstrasse 5 96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Yi‐Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Science The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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143
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Hordijk I, Meijer F, Nissen E, Boorsma T, Poorter L. Cattle affect regeneration of the palm species Attalea princeps
in a Bolivian forest-savanna mosaic. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Hordijk
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen The Netherlands
- Institut für Integrative Biologie; ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); Zürich Switzerland
| | - Fabian Meijer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Esther Nissen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen The Netherlands
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144
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Biodiversity enhances coral growth, tissue survivorship and suppression of macroalgae. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:178-182. [PMID: 30617344 PMCID: PMC6353673 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs are declining dramatically and losing species richness, but the impact of declining biodiversity on coral well-being remains inadequately understood. Here, we demonstrate that lower coral species richness alone can suppress growth and survivorship of multiple species of corals (Porites cylindrica, Pocillopora damicornis, and Acropora millepora) under field conditions on a degraded, macroalgal dominated reef. Our findings highlight the positive role of biodiversity in the function of coral reefs, and suggest that loss of coral species richness may trigger a negative feedback that causes further ecosystem decline.
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145
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Terrestrial laser scanning reveals temporal changes in biodiversity mechanisms driving grassland productivity. ADV ECOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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146
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Mapping change in biodiversity and ecosystem function research: food webs foster integration of experiments and science policy. ADV ECOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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147
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Vogel A, Ebeling A, Gleixner G, Roscher C, Scheu S, Ciobanu M, Koller-France E, Lange M, Lochner A, Meyer ST, Oelmann Y, Wilcke W, Schmid B, Eisenhauer N. A new experimental approach to test why biodiversity effects strengthen as ecosystems age. ADV ECOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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148
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Custodio M. A Review of Water Quality Indices Used to Assess the Health Status of High Mountain Wetlands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/oje.2019.93007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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149
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Eisenhauer N, Vogel A, Jensen B, Scheu S. Decomposer diversity increases biomass production and shifts aboveground-belowground biomass allocation of common wheat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17894. [PMID: 30559347 PMCID: PMC6297133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is well known to enhance many ecosystem functions, but empirical evidence for the role of soil biodiversity for plant biomass production and allocation is scarce. Here we studied the effects of animal decomposer diversity (1, 2, and 4 species as well as a control without any decomposers) on the biomass production and aboveground-belowground biomass allocation of common wheat using two earthworm and two Collembola species using an additive design in two soil management types (organic and mineral fertilizer treatments) in a microcosm experiment. Shoot (+11%), spike (+7%), and root biomass (+56%), increased significantly with increasing decomposer diversity, and these effects were consistent across the two soil management types. Notably, decomposer diversity effects were stronger on root than on shoot biomass, significantly decreasing the shoot-to-root ratio (−27%). Increased plant biomass production was positively correlated with a decomposer richness-induced increase in soil water nitrate concentrations five weeks after the start of the experiment. However, elevated soil nitrate concentrations did not cause significantly higher plant tissue nitrogen concentrations and nitrogen amounts, suggesting that additional mechanisms might be at play. Consistent decomposer diversity effects across soil management types indicate that maintaining soil biodiversity is a robust and sustainable strategy to enhance crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Vogel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Britta Jensen
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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150
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Teixidó N, Gambi MC, Parravacini V, Kroeker K, Micheli F, Villéger S, Ballesteros E. Functional biodiversity loss along natural CO 2 gradients. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5149. [PMID: 30531929 PMCID: PMC6288110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental change on biodiversity are still poorly understood. In particular, the consequences of shifts in species composition for marine ecosystem function are largely unknown. Here we assess the loss of functional diversity, i.e. the range of species biological traits, in benthic marine communities exposed to ocean acidification (OA) by using natural CO2 vent systems. We found that functional richness is greatly reduced with acidification, and that functional loss is more pronounced than the corresponding decrease in taxonomic diversity. In acidified conditions, most organisms accounted for a few functional entities (i.e. unique combination of functional traits), resulting in low functional redundancy. These results suggest that functional richness is not buffered by functional redundancy under OA, even in highly diverse assemblages, such as rocky benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy.
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA.
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeriano Parravacini
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CRIOBE, USR 3278, PSL-EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LABEX Corail, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Kristy Kroeker
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Sebastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-IRD-IFREMER, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes - CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Girona, Spain
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