101
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Ngobeni R, Samie A, Moonah S, Watanabe K, Petri WA, Gilchrist C. Entamoeba Species in South Africa: Correlations With the Host Microbiome, Parasite Burdens, and First Description of Entamoeba bangladeshi Outside of Asia. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:1592-1600. [PMID: 29236996 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is frequent in communities without clean water, which include low-income South African populations in Giyani and Pretoria. In these populations, the amount of diarrhea caused by Entamoeba histolytica, inclusive of all ages, sexes, and human immunodeficiency virus status, is uncertain. Infection with E. histolytica can modulate the host microbiota, and a key species indicative of this is the Prevotella copri pathobiont. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients attending gastroenterology clinics was conducted to determine the frequency and burden of 4 Entamoeba species and P. copri. Results Entamoeba species were present in 27% of patients (129/484), with E. histolytica detected in 8.5% (41), E. dispar in 8% (38), E. bangladeshi in 4.75% (23), and E. moshkovskii in 0%. This is the first description of E. bangladeshi outside Bangladesh. In E. histolytica-positive samples, the levels of both the parasite and P. copri were lower in nondiarrheal samples, validating the results of a study in Bangladesh (P = .0034). By contrast, in E. histolytica-negative samples positive for either of the nonpathogenic species E. dispar or E. bangladeshi, neither P. copri nor Entamoeba levels were linked to gastrointestinal status. Conclusions Nonmorphologic identification of this parasite is essential. In South Africa, 3 morphologically identical Entamoeba were common, but only E. histolytica was linked to both disease and changes in the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renay Ngobeni
- University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.,Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Shannon Moonah
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Koji Watanabe
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Carol Gilchrist
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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102
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Host-Derived Metabolites Modulate Transcription of Salmonella Genes Involved in l-Lactate Utilization during Gut Colonization. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00773-18. [PMID: 30617205 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00773-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, host inflammation alters the metabolic environment of the gut lumen to favor the outgrowth of the pathogen at the expense of the microbiota. Inflammation-driven changes in host cell metabolism lead to the release of l-lactate and molecular oxygen from the tissue into the gut lumen. Salmonella utilizes lactate as an electron donor in conjunction with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to support gut colonization. Here, we investigated transcriptional regulation of the respiratory l-lactate dehydrogenase LldD in vitro and in mouse models of Salmonella infection. The two-component system ArcAB repressed transcription of l-lactate utilization genes under anaerobic conditions in vitro The ArcAB-mediated repression of lldD transcription was relieved under microaerobic conditions. Transcription of lldD was induced by l-lactate but not d-lactate. A mutant lacking the regulatory protein LldR failed to induce lldD transcription in response to l-lactate. Furthermore, the lldR mutant exhibited reduced transcription of l-lactate utilization genes and impaired fitness in murine models of infection. These data provide evidence that the host-derived metabolites oxygen and l-lactate serve as cues for Salmonella to regulate lactate oxidation metabolism on a transcriptional level.
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103
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Zha L, Garrett S, Sun J. Salmonella Infection in Chronic Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancer. Diseases 2019; 7:E28. [PMID: 30857369 PMCID: PMC6473780 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella not only causes acute infections, but can also cause patients to become chronic "asymptomatic" carriers. Salmonella has been verified as a pathogenic factor that contributes to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes the acute and chronic Salmonella infection and describes the current research progress of Salmonella infection contributing to inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying biological mechanism of the host signaling pathways manipulated by Salmonella effector molecules. Using experimental animal models, researchers have shown that Salmonella infection is related to host biological processes, such as host cell transformation, stem cell maintenance, and changes of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Finally, this review discusses the current challenges and future directions in studying Salmonella infection and its association with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Shari Garrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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104
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Spiga L, Winter SE. Using Enteric Pathogens to Probe the Gut Microbiota. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:243-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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105
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Abstract
Redox signalling in the gastrointestinal mucosa is held in an intricate balance. Potent microbicidal mechanisms can be used by infiltrating immune cells, such as neutrophils, to protect compromised mucosae from microbial infection through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Unchecked, collateral damage to the surrounding tissue from neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species can be detrimental; thus, maintenance and restitution of a breached intestinal mucosal barrier are paramount to host survival. Redox reactions and redox signalling have been studied for decades with a primary focus on contributions to disease processes. Within the past decade, an upsurge of exciting findings have implicated subtoxic levels of oxidative stress in processes such as maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, the control of protective inflammation and even regulation of tissue wound healing. Resident gut microbial communities have been shown to trigger redox signalling within the mucosa, which expresses similar but distinct enzymes to phagocytes. At the fulcrum of this delicate balance is the colonic mucosal epithelium, and emerging evidence suggests that precise control of redox signalling by these barrier-forming cells may dictate the outcome of an inflammatory event. This Review will address both the spectrum and intensity of redox activity pertaining to host-immune and host-microbiota crosstalk during homeostasis and disease processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
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106
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Fu A, Mo Q, Wu Y, Wang B, Liu R, Tang L, Zeng Z, Zhang X, Li W. Protective effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Salmonella via polarizing macrophages to M1 phenotype directly and to M2 depended on microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10:7653-7666. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (BaSC06), a potential probiotic, plays a positive role in animal growth performance and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qiufen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry
- College of Animal Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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107
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Ceftriaxone Administration Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis, Mediating Noninflammatory Proliferation and Dissemination of Commensal Enterococci. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00674-18. [PMID: 30224553 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00674-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are Gram-positive commensals of the mammalian intestinal tract and harbor intrinsic resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Disruption of colonization resistance in humans by antibiotics allows enterococci to proliferate in the gut and cause disseminated infections. In this study, we used Enterococcus faecalis (EF)-colonized mice to study the dynamics of enterococci, commensal microbiota, and the host in response to systemic ceftriaxone administration. We found that the mouse model recapitulates intestinal proliferation and dissemination of enterococci seen in humans. Employing a ceftriaxone-sensitive strain of enterococci (E. faecalis JL308), we showed that increased intestinal abundance is critical for the systemic dissemination of enterococci. Investigation of the impact of ceftriaxone on the mucosal barrier defenses and integrity suggested that translocation of enterococci across the intestinal mucosa was not associated with intestinal pathology or increased permeability. Ceftriaxone-induced alteration of intestinal microbial composition was associated with transient increase in the abundance of multiple bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in addition to enterococci, for example, lactobacilli, which also disseminated to the extraintestinal organs. Collectively, these results emphasize that ceftriaxone-induced disruption of colonization resistance and alteration of mucosal homeostasis facilitate increased intestinal abundance of a limited number of commensals along with enterococci, allowing their translocation and systemic dissemination in a healthy host.
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108
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Daly K, Kelly J, Moran AW, Bristow R, Young IS, Cossins AR, Bravo D, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Host selectively contributes to shaping intestinal microbiota of carnivorous and omnivorous fish. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2018; 65:129-136. [PMID: 30416165 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fish production is increasingly important to global food security. A major factor in maintaining health, productivity and welfare of farmed fish is the establishment and promotion of a stable and beneficial intestinal microbiota. Understanding the effects of factors such as host and environment on gut microbial community structure is essential for developing strategies for stimulating the establishment of a health-promoting gut-microbiota. We compared intestinal microbiota of common carp and rainbow trout, two fish with different dietary habits, sourced from various farm locations. There were distinct differences in the gut microbiota of carp and trout intestine. The microbiota of carp was dominated by Fusobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria, while the trout microbiota consisted predominantly of Mollicutes and Betaproteobacteria. The majority of bacterial sequences clustered into a relatively low number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealing a comparatively simple microbiota, with Cetobacterium, Aeromonas and Mycoplasma being highly abundant. Within each species, fish from different facilities were found to have markedly similar predominant bacterial populations despite distinctly different rearing environments, demonstrating intra-species uniformity and significant influence of host selectivity. This study demonstrates that in fish the host species imparts substantial impact in shaping the community structure of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Daly
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool
| | - Jennifer Kelly
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool
| | - Andrew W Moran
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool
| | - Robert Bristow
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool
| | - Iain S Young
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool
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109
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Gut Microbial and Metabolic Responses to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Candida albicans. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.02032-18. [PMID: 30401779 PMCID: PMC6222126 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02032-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for playing a critical role in human health and disease, especially in conferring resistance to both virulent pathogens such as Salmonella, which infects 1.2 million people in the United States every year (E. Scallan, R. M. Hoekstra, F. J. Angulo, R. V. Tauxe, et al., Emerg Infect Dis 17:7–15, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701.P11101), and opportunistic pathogens like Candida, which causes an estimated 46,000 cases of invasive candidiasis each year in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013, 2013). Using a gnotobiotic mouse model, we investigate potential changes in gut microbial community structure and function during infection using metagenomics and metabolomics. We observe that changes in the community and in biosynthetic gene cluster potential occur within 3 days for the virulent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, but there are minimal changes with a poorly colonizing Candida albicans. In addition, the metabolome shifts depending on infection status, including changes in glutathione metabolites in response to Salmonella infection, potentially in response to host oxidative stress. The gut microbiota confers resistance to pathogens of the intestinal ecosystem, yet the dynamics of pathogen-microbiome interactions and the metabolites involved in this process remain largely unknown. Here, we use gnotobiotic mice infected with the virulent pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans in combination with metagenomics and discovery metabolomics to identify changes in the community and metabolome during infection. To isolate the role of the microbiota in response to pathogens, we compared mice monocolonized with the pathogen, uninfected mice “humanized” with a synthetic human microbiome, or infected humanized mice. In Salmonella-infected mice, by 3 days into infection, microbiome community structure and function changed substantially, with a rise in Enterobacteriaceae strains and a reduction in biosynthetic gene cluster potential. In contrast, Candida-infected mice had few microbiome changes. The LC-MS metabolomic fingerprint of the cecum differed between mice monocolonized with either pathogen and humanized infected mice. Specifically, we identified an increase in glutathione disulfide, glutathione cysteine disulfide, inosine 5’-monophosphate, and hydroxybutyrylcarnitine in mice infected with Salmonella in contrast to uninfected mice and mice monocolonized with Salmonella. These metabolites potentially play a role in pathogen-induced oxidative stress. These results provide insight into how the microbiota community members interact with each other and with pathogens on a metabolic level.
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110
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Pickard JM, Zeng MY, Caruso R, Núñez G. Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunol Rev 2018; 279:70-89. [PMID: 28856738 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous microorganisms have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. In addition to metabolic benefits, symbiotic bacteria provide the host with several functions that promote immune homeostasis, immune responses, and protection against pathogen colonization. The ability of symbiotic bacteria to inhibit pathogen colonization is mediated via several mechanisms including direct killing, competition for limited nutrients, and enhancement of immune responses. Pathogens have evolved strategies to promote their replication in the presence of the gut microbiota. Perturbation of the gut microbiota structure by environmental and genetic factors increases the risk of pathogen infection, promotes the overgrowth of harmful pathobionts, and the development of inflammatory disease. Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the immune system will provide critical insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of strategies to prevent and treat inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Pickard
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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111
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Snake fungal disease alters skin bacterial and fungal diversity in an endangered rattlesnake. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12147. [PMID: 30108369 PMCID: PMC6092386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake Fungal Disease (SFD), caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, is the most recently described fungal disease afflicting wildlife populations across North America and Europe. It has been proposed as a significant conservation threat yielding high mortality and yet much its ecology is unknown. We collected 144 skin swabs from Eastern Massasaugas (Sistrurus catenatus) in 2015 and 2016 to determine document ongoing prevalence and assess differences in microbial assemblages between positive and negative individuals. Alpha diversity of fungi was reduced in SFD positive animals, while beta diversity identified distinct assemblages of microbes between SFD-positive and -negative samples. Ophidiomyces was present on the skin of affected animals, even on body sites distant to lesions indicating that the microbiome on entire surface of the skin is altered. Ophidiomyces was not detected in any non-SFD snake. There were smaller, but significant, influences of year sampled. Bacterial genera Janthinobacterium and Serratia were significantly increased in SFD snakes, while Xylanimicrobium, Cellulosimicrobium, and Rhodococcus were the only bacterial taxa significantly reduced. The relative abundance of fungi within the orders Pleosporales and Canopdiales was reduced in SFD-positive samples, though Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum was the only species found to differ significantly. This is the first study to determine the impact that this fungal pathogen has on the skin microbiome.
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112
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Xu J, Chen N, Wu Z, Song Y, Zhang Y, Wu N, Zhang F, Ren X, Liu Y. 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Alters the Gut Bacterial Microbiota in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1274. [PMID: 29951050 PMCID: PMC6008376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) treatment on gut bacterial microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: A total of 57 UC patients, including 20 untreated and 37 5-ASA-treated, were recruited into an exploration cohort. We endoscopically collected both non-inflamed and inflamed mucosal samples from all patients, and compared the gut bacterial profiles using 16S rDNA sequencing. Ten untreated UC patients were then treated with 5-ASA and subsequently recruited for an independent validation study to confirm the acquired data. Results: In untreated UC patients, compared with those in non-inflamed mucosae, Firmicutes (such as Enterococcus) were decreased and Proteobacteria (e.g., Escherichia–Shigella) were increased in the inflamed mucosae. Compared with the inflamed mucosae of untreated UC patients, there was a higher abundance of Firmicutes (e.g., Enterococcus) and lower Proteobacteria (Escherichia–Shigella) in the inflamed mucosae of 5-ASA treated UC patients. In the validation cohort, after administration of 5-ASA, bacterial alteration was consistent with these data. Furthermore, there was a skewed negative correlation between Escherichia–Shigella and bacterial genera of Firmicutes in the inflamed mucosae. 5-ASA treatment decreased the strength of bacterial correlation and weakened the skewed negative correlation pattern. Conclusion: The microbial dysbiosis (mainly characterized by an increased abundance in the Escherichia–Shigella genus) and the skewed negative correlation between Escherichia–Shigella and bacterial genera of Firmicutes are two characteristics of the inflamed mucosae of UC patients. 5-ASA treatment decreases Escherichia–Shigella and weakens the skewed correlations, which may be related to its treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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113
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Kamdar K, Johnson AMF, Chac D, Myers K, Kulur V, Truevillian K, DePaolo RW. Innate Recognition of the Microbiota by TLR1 Promotes Epithelial Homeostasis and Prevents Chronic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:230-242. [PMID: 29794015 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is cross-talk between the intestinal epithelium and the microbiota that functions to maintain a tightly regulated microenvironment and prevent chronic inflammation. This communication is partly mediated through the recognition of bacterial proteins by host-encoded innate receptors, such as TLRs. However, studies examining the role of TLR signaling on colonic homeostasis have given variable and conflicting results. Despite its critical role in mediating immunity during enteric infection of the small intestine, TLR1-mediated recognition of microbiota-derived ligands and their influence on colonic homeostasis has not been well studied. In this study, we demonstrate that defective TLR1 recognition of the microbiome by epithelial cells results in disruption of crypt homeostasis specifically within the secretory cell compartment, including a defect in the mucus layer, ectopic Paneth cells in the colon, and an increase in the number of rapidly dividing cells at the base of the crypt. As a consequence of the perturbed epithelial barrier, we found an increase in mucosal-associated and translocated commensal bacteria and chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by an increase in lineage-negative Sca1+Thy1hi innate lymphoid-like cells that exacerbate inflammation and worsen outcomes in a model of colonic injury and repair. Our findings demonstrate that sensing of the microbiota by TLR1 may provide key signals that regulate the colonic epithelium, thereby limiting inflammation through the prevention of bacterial attachment to the mucosa and exposure to the underlying immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kamdar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Denise Chac
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Kalisa Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Kyle Truevillian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - R William DePaolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
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114
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Kim M, Friesen L, Park J, Kim HM, Kim CH. Microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, restrain tissue bacterial load, chronic inflammation, and associated cancer in the colon of mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1235-1247. [PMID: 29644622 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is regulated by microbes and their metabolites. The roles of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis are incompletely understood. We systematically studied the roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors (GPR43 or GPR41) in regulating tissue bacterial load, acute versus chronic inflammatory responses, and intestinal cancer development. SCFA receptor-, particularly GPR43-, deficient mice were defective in mounting appropriate acute immune responses to promote barrier immunity, and developed uncontrolled chronic inflammatory responses following epithelial damage. Further, intestinal carcinogenesis was increased in GPR43-deficient mice. Dietary fiber and SCFA administration suppressed intestinal inflammation and cancer in both GPR43-dependent and independent manners. The beneficial effect of GPR43 was not mediated by altered microbiota but by host tissue cells and hematopoietic cells to a lesser degree. We found that inability to suppress commensal bacterial invasion into the colonic tissue is associated with the increased chronic Th17-driven inflammation and carcinogenesis in the intestine of GPR43-deficient mice. In sum, our results reveal the beneficial function of the SCFA-GPR43 axis in suppressing bacterial invasion and associated chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Leon Friesen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathology and Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyungjin M Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathology and Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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115
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Osman MA, Neoh HM, Ab Mutalib NS, Chin SF, Jamal R. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Deciphering the Colorectal Cancer Gut Microbiome: Current Protocols and Workflows. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:767. [PMID: 29755427 PMCID: PMC5934490 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut holds the densest microbiome ecosystem essential in maintaining a healthy host physiology, whereby disruption of this ecosystem has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies such as the 16S rRNA gene sequencing has enabled characterization of the CRC gut microbiome architecture in an affordable and culture-free approach. Nevertheless, the lack of standardization in handling and storage of biospecimens, nucleic acid extraction, 16S rRNA gene primer selection, length, and depth of sequencing and bioinformatics analyses have contributed to discrepancies found in various published studies of this field. Accurate characterization of the CRC microbiome found in different stages of CRC has the potential to be developed into a screening tool in the clinical setting. This mini review aims to concisely compile all available CRC microbiome studies performed till end of 2016 and to suggest standardized protocols that are crucial in developing a gut microbiome screening panel for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad-Afiq Osman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siok-Fong Chin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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116
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Manfredo Vieira S, Hiltensperger M, Kumar V, Zegarra-Ruiz D, Dehner C, Khan N, Costa FRC, Tiniakou E, Greiling T, Ruff W, Barbieri A, Kriegel C, Mehta SS, Knight JR, Jain D, Goodman AL, Kriegel MA. Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans. Science 2018; 359:1156-1161. [PMID: 29590047 PMCID: PMC5959731 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite multiple associations between the microbiota and immune diseases, their role in autoimmunity is poorly understood. We found that translocation of a gut pathobiont, Enterococcus gallinarum, to the liver and other systemic tissues triggers autoimmune responses in a genetic background predisposing to autoimmunity. Antibiotic treatment prevented mortality in this model, suppressed growth of E. gallinarum in tissues, and eliminated pathogenic autoantibodies and T cells. Hepatocyte-E. gallinarum cocultures induced autoimmune-promoting factors. Pathobiont translocation in monocolonized and autoimmune-prone mice induced autoantibodies and caused mortality, which could be prevented by an intramuscular vaccine targeting the pathobiont. E. gallinarum-specific DNA was recovered from liver biopsies of autoimmune patients, and cocultures with human hepatocytes replicated the murine findings; hence, similar processes apparently occur in susceptible humans. These discoveries show that a gut pathobiont can translocate and promote autoimmunity in genetically predisposed hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manfredo Vieira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Hiltensperger
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Zegarra-Ruiz
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Dehner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Khan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F R C Costa
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Tiniakou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T Greiling
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W Ruff
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Barbieri
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S S Mehta
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J R Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Jain
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M A Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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117
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Leung JM, Budischak SA, Chung The H, Hansen C, Bowcutt R, Neill R, Shellman M, Loke P, Graham AL. Rapid environmental effects on gut nematode susceptibility in rewilded mice. PLoS Biol 2018. [PMID: 29518091 PMCID: PMC5843147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors shape host susceptibility to infection, but how and how rapidly environmental variation might alter the susceptibility of mammalian genotypes remains unknown. Here, we investigate the impacts of seminatural environments upon the nematode susceptibility profiles of inbred C57BL/6 mice. We hypothesized that natural exposure to microbes might directly (e.g., via trophic interactions) or indirectly (e.g., via microbe-induced immune responses) alter the hatching, growth, and survival of nematodes in mice housed outdoors. We found that while C57BL/6 mice are resistant to high doses of nematode (Trichuris muris) eggs under clean laboratory conditions, exposure to outdoor environments significantly increased their susceptibility to infection, as evidenced by increased worm burdens and worm biomass. Indeed, mice kept outdoors harbored as many worms as signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) knockout mice, which are genetically deficient in the type 2 immune response essential for clearing nematodes. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal samples, we discovered enhanced microbial diversity and specific bacterial taxa predictive of nematode burden in outdoor mice. We also observed decreased type 2 and increased type 1 immune responses in lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells from infected mice residing outdoors. Importantly, in our experimental design, different groups of mice received nematode eggs either before or after moving outdoors. This contrasting timing of rewilding revealed that enhanced hatching of worms was not sufficient to explain the increased worm burdens; instead, microbial enhancement and type 1 immune facilitation of worm growth and survival, as hypothesized, were also necessary to explain our results. These findings demonstrate that environment can rapidly and significantly shape gut microbial communities and mucosal responses to nematode infections, leading to variation in parasite expulsion rates among genetically similar hosts. The environment in which an individual resides is likely to change how she or he responds to infection. However, most of our understanding about host responses to infection arises from experimental studies conducted under uniform environmental conditions in the laboratory. We wished to investigate whether findings in the laboratory translate into the wild. Therefore, in this study, we placed common strains of laboratory mice into large, outdoor enclosures to investigate how a more natural environment might impact their ability to combat intestinal worm infections. We found that while mice are able to clear worm infections in the laboratory, mice residing outdoors harbored higher worm burdens and larger worms than their laboratory cousins. The longer the mice lived outdoors, the greater the number and size of worms in their guts. We found that outdoor mice harbored more diverse gut microbes and even specific bacteria that may have impacted worm growth and survival inside the mice. Mice kept outdoors also produced decreased immune responses of the type essential for worm expulsion. Together, these results demonstrate that the external environment significantly alters how a host responds to worms and germs in her or his gut, thereby leading to variation in the outcome of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Leung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JML); (ALG)
| | - Sarah A. Budischak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hao Chung The
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Christina Hansen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rowann Bowcutt
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Neill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Shellman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - P’ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JML); (ALG)
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118
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Uribe-Herranz M, Bittinger K, Rafail S, Guedan S, Pierini S, Tanes C, Ganetsky A, Morgan MA, Gill S, Tanyi JL, Bushman FD, June CH, Facciabene A. Gut microbiota modulates adoptive cell therapy via CD8α dendritic cells and IL-12. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94952. [PMID: 29467322 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a promising new modality for malignancies. Here, we report that adoptive T cell efficacy in tumor-bearing mice is significantly affected by differences in the native composition of the gut microbiome or treatment with antibiotics, or by heterologous fecal transfer. Depletion of bacteria with vancomycin decreased the rate of tumor growth in mice from The Jackson Laboratory receiving ACT, whereas treatment with neomycin and metronidazole had no effect, indicating the role of specific bacteria in host response. Vancomycin treatment induced an increase in systemic CD8α+ DCs, which sustained systemic adoptively transferred antitumor T cells in an IL-12-dependent manner. In subjects undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, we found that oral vancomycin also increased IL-12 levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an important role played by the gut microbiota in the antitumor effectiveness of ACT and suggest potentially new avenues to improve response to ACT by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sonia Guedan
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Stefano Pierini
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ceylan Tanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Saar Gill
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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119
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Thiemann S, Smit N, Roy U, Lesker TR, Gálvez EJC, Helmecke J, Basic M, Bleich A, Goodman AL, Kalinke U, Flavell RA, Erhardt M, Strowig T. Enhancement of IFNγ Production by Distinct Commensals Ameliorates Salmonella-Induced Disease. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 21:682-694.e5. [PMID: 28618267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota contributes to colonization resistance against invading pathogens by competing for metabolites, producing inhibitory substances, and priming protective immune responses. However, the specific commensal bacteria that promote host resistance and immune-mediated protection remain largely elusive. Using isogenic mouse lines with distinct microbiota profiles, we demonstrate that severity of disease induced by enteric Salmonella Typhimurium infection is strongly modulated by microbiota composition in individual lines. Transferring a restricted community of cultivable intestinal commensals from protected into susceptible mice decreases S. Typhimurium tissue colonization and consequently disease severity. This reduced tissue colonization, along with ameliorated weight loss and prolonged survival, depends on microbiota-enhanced IFNγ production, as IFNγ-deficient mice do not exhibit protective effects. Innate cells and CD4+ T cells increase in number and show high levels of IFNγ after transfer of the commensal community. Thus, distinct microbiota members prevent intestinal Salmonella infection by enhancing antibacterial IFNγ responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thiemann
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nathiana Smit
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Urmi Roy
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Robin Lesker
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Helmecke
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marc Erhardt
- Research Group Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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120
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Leonardi I, Li X, Semon A, Li D, Doron I, Putzel G, Bar A, Prieto D, Rescigno M, McGovern DPB, Pla J, Iliev ID. CX3CR1 + mononuclear phagocytes control immunity to intestinal fungi. Science 2018; 359:232-236. [PMID: 29326275 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fungi are an important component of the microbiota, and recent studies have unveiled their potential in modulating host immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Nonetheless, the mechanisms governing immunity to gut fungal communities (mycobiota) remain unknown. We identified CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) as being essential for the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses to intestinal fungi. CX3CR1+ MNPs express antifungal receptors and activate antifungal responses in a Syk-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of CX3CR1+ MNPs in mice led to changes in gut fungal communities and to severe colitis that was rescued by antifungal treatment. In Crohn's disease patients, a missense mutation in the gene encoding CX3CR1 was identified and found to be associated with impaired antifungal responses. These results unravel a role of CX3CR1+ MNPs in mediating interactions between intestinal mycobiota and host immunity at steady state and during inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexa Semon
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- The F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Itai Doron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory Putzel
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daniel Prieto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, I-20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- The F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jesus Pla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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121
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Zhou CB, Fang JY. The regulation of host cellular and gut microbial metabolism in the development and prevention of colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:436-454. [PMID: 29359994 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1425671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism regulation is crucial in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has emerged as a remarkable field currently. The cellular metabolism of glucose, amino acids and lipids in CRC are all reprogrammed. Each of them changes tumour microenvironment, modulates bacterial composition and activity, and eventually promotes CRC development. Metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, N-nitroso compounds, hydrogen sulphide, polyphenols and toxins like fragilysin, FadA, cytolethal distending toxin and colibactin play a dual role in CRC. The relationship of gut microbe-metabolite is essential in remodelling intestinal microbial ecology composition and metabolic activity. It regulates the metabolism of colonic epithelial cells and changes the tumour microenvironment in CRC. Microbial metabolism manipulation has been considered to be potentially preventive in CRC, but more large-scale clinical trials are required before their application in clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bei Zhou
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Gene. Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Gene. Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease , Shanghai , China
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122
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Fellows R, Denizot J, Stellato C, Cuomo A, Jain P, Stoyanova E, Balázsi S, Hajnády Z, Liebert A, Kazakevych J, Blackburn H, Corrêa RO, Fachi JL, Sato FT, Ribeiro WR, Ferreira CM, Perée H, Spagnuolo M, Mattiuz R, Matolcsi C, Guedes J, Clark J, Veldhoen M, Bonaldi T, Vinolo MAR, Varga-Weisz P. Microbiota derived short chain fatty acids promote histone crotonylation in the colon through histone deacetylases. Nat Commun 2018; 9:105. [PMID: 29317660 PMCID: PMC5760624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered histone post-translational modification crotonylation connects cellular metabolism to gene regulation. Its regulation and tissue-specific functions are poorly understood. We characterize histone crotonylation in intestinal epithelia and find that histone H3 crotonylation at lysine 18 is a surprisingly abundant modification in the small intestine crypt and colon, and is linked to gene regulation. We show that this modification is highly dynamic and regulated during the cell cycle. We identify class I histone deacetylases, HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, as major executors of histone decrotonylation. We show that known HDAC inhibitors, including the gut microbiota-derived butyrate, affect histone decrotonylation. Consistent with this, we find that depletion of the gut microbiota leads to a global change in histone crotonylation in the colon. Our results suggest that histone crotonylation connects chromatin to the gut microbiota, at least in part, via short-chain fatty acids and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fellows
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, M2iSH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | | | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Payal Jain
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Elena Stoyanova
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Szabina Balázsi
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Zoltán Hajnády
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anke Liebert
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Juri Kazakevych
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Fabio Takeo Sato
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil.,Chemical Biology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Caroline Marcantonio Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Hélène Perée
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Raphaël Mattiuz
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Csaba Matolcsi
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Joana Guedes
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Biological Chemistry, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, 20139, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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123
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Zhu W, Winter MG, Byndloss MX, Spiga L, Duerkop BA, Hughes ER, Büttner L, de Lima Romão E, Behrendt CL, Lopez CA, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Huff-Hardy K, Wilson RP, Gillis CC, Tükel Ç, Koh AY, Burstein E, Hooper LV, Bäumler AJ, Winter SE. Precision editing of the gut microbiota ameliorates colitis. Nature 2018; 553:208-211. [PMID: 29323293 DOI: 10.1038/nature25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are frequently associated with dysbiosis, characterized by changes in gut microbial communities that include an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (phylum Proteobacteria). Here we show that a dysbiotic expansion of Enterobacteriaceae during gut inflammation could be prevented by tungstate treatment, which selectively inhibited molybdenum-cofactor-dependent microbial respiratory pathways that are operational only during episodes of inflammation. By contrast, we found that tungstate treatment caused minimal changes in the microbiota composition under homeostatic conditions. Notably, tungstate-mediated microbiota editing reduced the severity of intestinal inflammation in mouse models of colitis. We conclude that precision editing of the microbiota composition by tungstate treatment ameliorates the adverse effects of dysbiosis in the inflamed gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Breck A Duerkop
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Büttner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Everton de Lima Romão
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Christopher A Lopez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Luis Sifuentes-Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kayci Huff-Hardy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 75390, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - R Paul Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 1801 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 1801 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 75390, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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124
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Gillis CC, Hughes ER, Spiga L, Winter MG, Zhu W, Furtado de Carvalho T, Chanin RB, Behrendt CL, Hooper LV, Santos RL, Winter SE. Dysbiosis-Associated Change in Host Metabolism Generates Lactate to Support Salmonella Growth. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 23:54-64.e6. [PMID: 29276172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis, mucosal inflammation creates a niche that favors the expansion of the pathogen population over the microbiota. Here, we show that Salmonella Typhimurium infection was accompanied by dysbiosis, decreased butyrate levels, and substantially elevated lactate levels in the gut lumen. Administration of a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor blunted lactate production in germ-free mice, suggesting that lactate was predominantly of host origin. Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia, either through oral antibiotic treatment or as part of the pathogen-induced dysbiosis, triggered a switch in host cells from oxidative metabolism to lactate fermentation, increasing both lactate levels and Salmonella lactate utilization. Administration of tributyrin or a PPARγ agonist diminished host lactate production and abrogated the fitness advantage conferred on Salmonella by lactate utilization. We conclude that alterations of the gut microbiota, specifically a depletion of Clostridia, reprogram host metabolism to perform lactate fermentation, thus supporting Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiane Furtado de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rachael B Chanin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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125
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Volf J, Polansky O, Sekelova Z, Velge P, Schouler C, Kaspers B, Rychlik I. Gene expression in the chicken caecum is dependent on microbiota composition. Vet Res 2017; 48:85. [PMID: 29202873 PMCID: PMC5716255 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is of considerable importance for each host. Despite this, germ-free animals can be obtained and raised to sexual maturity and consequences of the presence or absence of gut microbiota on gene expression of the host remain uncharacterised. In this study, we performed an unbiased study of protein expression in the caecum of germ-free and colonised chickens. The major difference between these two groups was in the expression of immunoglobulins which were essentially absent in the germ-free chickens. Microbiota also caused a minor decrease in the expression of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins and an increase in the expression of argininosuccinate synthase ASS1, redox potential sensing, fermentative metabolic processes and detoxification systems represented by sulfotransferases SULT1C3 or SULT1E1. Since we also analysed expression in the caecum of E. coli Nissle and E. faecium DSM7134 mono-associated chickens, we concluded that at least immunoglobulin expression and expression of cystathionine synthase (CBS) was dependent on microbiota composition with E. coli Nissle stimulating more immunoglobulin and PIGR expression and E. faecium DSM7134 stimulating more CBS expression. Gut microbiota and its composition therefore affected protein expression in the chicken caecum though except for immunoglobulin production, the remaining differences were unexpectedly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Polansky
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sekelova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Schouler
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinastr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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126
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Yang Y, Qu C, Liang S, Wang G, Han H, Chen N, Wang X, Luo Z, Zhong C, Chen Y, Li L, Wu W. Estrogen inhibits the overgrowth of Escherichia coli in the rat intestine under simulated microgravity. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2313-2320. [PMID: 29207065 PMCID: PMC5783461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity can affect many aspects of intestinal homeostasis, leading to an increased risk of colitis. Estrogen, the most frequently affected hormone when under simulated microgravity, regulates the permeability of the colonic mucosa barrier. The associations between alterations in intestinal microbiota and increased susceptibility under microgravity have not been thoroughly elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in intestinal microbiota under simulated microgravity and to investigate the protective effect of estrogen against those changes. The hindlimb unweighting (HU) model was used to simulate microgravity in rats. Estrogen was administered via intramuscular injection. Amplicons of the V3 variable regions of bacterial 16S rDNA were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning and sequencing. Several specific bacterial groups were assayed using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial translocation was evaluated by detecting serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein (LBP) levels. DGGE profiles generated by universal primers revealed minor, though specific, changes in bacterial communities under simulated microgravity, particularly the band matching the sequence of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The quantification of 16S RNA revealed increased numbers of Bacteroides fragilis, E. coli and Fusobacterium nucleatum; however, Bifidobacteria longum significantly decreased under microgravity. Estrogen inhibited the overgrowth of E. coli, and decreased the levels of LBS and LBP under simulated microgravity. These results demonstrated that simulated microgravity alters the intestinal microflora and may contribute to bacterial translocation in the gut mucosa. The data also suggested that further investigations evaluating the administration of estrogen to protect against microgravity-associated diseases may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Haolun Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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127
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Rogier R, Evans-Marin H, Manasson J, van der Kraan PM, Walgreen B, Helsen MM, van den Bersselaar LA, van de Loo FA, van Lent PL, Abramson SB, van den Berg WB, Koenders MI, Scher JU, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S. Alteration of the intestinal microbiome characterizes preclinical inflammatory arthritis in mice and its modulation attenuates established arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15613. [PMID: 29142301 PMCID: PMC5688157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of the intestinal microbiome have been observed in patients with new-onset and chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. However, it is currently unknown whether these alterations precede the development of arthritis or are rather a consequence of disease. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by oral antibiotics or germ-free condition can prevent arthritis in mice. Yet, the therapeutic potential of modulation of the microbiota after the onset of arthritis is not well characterized. We here show that the intestinal microbial community undergoes marked changes in the preclinical phase of collagen induced arthritis (CIA). The abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, specifically families S24-7 and Bacteroidaceae was reduced, whereas Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrinocaceae, were expanded during the immune-priming phase of arthritis. In addition, we found that the abundance of lamina propria Th17, but not Th1, cells is highly correlated with the severity of arthritis. Elimination of the intestinal microbiota during established arthritis specifically reduced intestinal Th17 cells and attenuated arthritis. These effects were associated with reduced serum amyloid A expression in ileum and synovial tissue. Our observations suggest that intestinal microbiota perturbations precede arthritis, and that modulation of the intestinal microbiota after the onset of arthritis may offer therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogier
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heather Evans-Marin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Julia Manasson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fons A van de Loo
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven B Abramson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose U Scher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Shahla Abdollahi-Roodsaz
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.
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128
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Sadler R, Singh V, Benakis C, Garzetti D, Brea D, Stecher B, Anrather J, Liesz A. Microbiota differences between commercial breeders impacts the post-stroke immune response. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:23-30. [PMID: 28347867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental reproducibility between laboratories is a major translational obstacle worldwide, particularly in studies investigating immunomodulatory therapies in relation to brain disease. In recent years increasing attention has been drawn towards the gut microbiota as a key factor in immune cell polarization. Moreover, manipulation of the gut microbiota has been found effective in a diverse range of brain disorders. Within this study we aimed to test the impact of microbiota differences between mice from different sources on the post-stroke neuroinflammatory response. With this rationale, we have investigated the correlation between microbiota differences and the immune response in mice from three commercial breeders with the same genetic background (C57BL/6). While overall bacterial load was comparable, we detected substantial differences in species diversity and microbiota composition on lower taxonomic levels. Specifically, we investigated segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-which have been shown to promote T cell polarization-and found that they were absent in mice from one breeder but abundant in others. Our experiments revealed a breeder specific correlation between SFB presence and the ratio of Treg to Th17 cells. Moreover, recolonization of SFB-negative mice with SFB resulted in a T cell shift which mimicked the ratios found in SFB-positive mice. We then investigated the response to a known experimental immunotherapeutic approach, CD28 superagonist (CD28SA), which has been previously shown to expand the Treg population. CD28SA treatment had differing effects between mice from different breeders and was found to be ineffective at inducing Treg expansion in SFB-free mice. These changes directly corresponded to stroke outcome as mice lacking SFB had significantly larger brain infarcts. This study demonstrates the major impact of microbiota differences on T cell polarization in mice during ischemic stroke conditions, and following immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sadler
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Debora Garzetti
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - David Brea
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany.
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129
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Influence of the Gut Microbiota Composition on Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Chickens. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00380-17. [PMID: 28808158 PMCID: PMC5649013 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00380-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Campylobacter jejuni-host interaction may be affected by the host's gut microbiota through competitive exclusion, metabolites, or modification of the immune response. To understand this interaction, C. jejuni colonization and local immune responses were compared in chickens with different gut microbiota compositions. Birds were treated with an antibiotic cocktail (AT) (experiments 1 and 2) or raised under germfree (GF) conditions (experiment 3). At 18 days posthatch (dph), they were orally inoculated either with 104 CFU of C. jejuni or with diluent. Cecal as well as systemic C. jejuni colonization, T- and B-cell numbers in the gut, and gut-associated tissue were compared between the different groups. Significantly higher numbers of CFU of C. jejuni were detected in the cecal contents of AT and GF birds, with higher colonization rates in spleen, liver, and ileum, than in birds with a conventional gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Significant upregulation of T and B lymphocyte numbers was detected in cecum, cecal tonsils, and bursa of Fabricius of AT or GF birds after C. jejuni inoculation compared to the respective controls (P < 0.05). This difference was less clear in birds with a conventional gut microbiota. Histopathological gut lesions were observed only in C. jejuni-inoculated AT and GF birds but not in microbiota-colonized C. jejuni-inoculated hatchmates. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota may contribute to the control of C. jejuni colonization and prevent lesion development. Further studies are needed to identify key players of the gut microbiota and the mechanisms behind their protective role.
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130
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Anderson CJ, Kendall MM. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strategies for Host Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1983. [PMID: 29075247 PMCID: PMC5643478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens must sense and respond to newly encountered host environments to regulate the expression of critical virulence factors that allow for niche adaptation and successful colonization. Among bacterial pathogens, non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica, such as serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm), are a primary cause of foodborne illnesses that lead to hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. S. Tm causes acute inflammatory diarrhea that can progress to invasive systemic disease in susceptible patients. The gastrointestinal tract and intramacrophage environments are two critically important niches during S. Tm infection, and each presents unique challenges to limit S. Tm growth. The intestinal tract is home to billions of commensal microbes, termed the microbiota, which limits the amount of available nutrients for invading pathogens such as S. Tm. Therefore, S. Tm encodes strategies to manipulate the commensal population and side-step this nutritional competition. During subsequent stages of disease, S. Tm resists host immune cell mechanisms of killing. Host cells use antimicrobial peptides, acidification of vacuoles, and nutrient limitation to kill phagocytosed microbes, and yet S. Tm is able to subvert these defense systems. In this review, we discuss recently described molecular mechanisms that S. Tm uses to outcompete the resident microbiota within the gastrointestinal tract. S. Tm directly eliminates close competitors via bacterial cell-to-cell contact as well as by stimulating a host immune response to eliminate specific members of the microbiota. Additionally, S. Tm tightly regulates the expression of key virulence factors that enable S. Tm to withstand host immune defenses within macrophages. Additionally, we highlight the chemical and physical signals that S. Tm senses as cues to adapt to each of these environments. These strategies ultimately allow S. Tm to successfully adapt to these two disparate host environments. It is critical to better understand bacterial adaptation strategies because disruption of these pathways and mechanisms, especially those shared by multiple pathogens, may provide novel therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine,, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Melissa M Kendall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine,, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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131
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Ruiz VE, Battaglia T, Kurtz ZD, Bijnens L, Ou A, Engstrand I, Zheng X, Iizumi T, Mullins BJ, Müller CL, Cadwell K, Bonneau R, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ. A single early-in-life macrolide course has lasting effects on murine microbial network topology and immunity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:518. [PMID: 28894149 PMCID: PMC5593929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children. Early childhood represents a dynamic period for the intestinal microbial ecosystem, which is readily shaped by environmental cues; antibiotic-induced disruption of this sensitive community may have long-lasting host consequences. Here we demonstrate that a single pulsed macrolide antibiotic treatment (PAT) course early in life is sufficient to lead to durable alterations to the murine intestinal microbiota, ileal gene expression, specific intestinal T-cell populations, and secretory IgA expression. A PAT-perturbed microbial community is necessary for host effects and sufficient to transfer delayed secretory IgA expression. Additionally, early-life antibiotic exposure has lasting and transferable effects on microbial community network topology. Our results indicate that a single early-life macrolide course can alter the microbiota and modulate host immune phenotypes that persist long after exposure has ceased.High or multiple doses of macrolide antibiotics, when given early in life, can perturb the metabolic and immunological development of lab mice. Here, Ruiz et al. show that even a single macrolide course, given early in life, leads to long-lasting changes in the gut microbiota and immune system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Ruiz
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Battaglia
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Zachary D Kurtz
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Luc Bijnens
- Janssen R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of J&J, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Amy Ou
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Isak Engstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuhui Zheng
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tadasu Iizumi
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Briana J Mullins
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Christian L Müller
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYUSM, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, 10010, USA.,Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYU, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, NYU, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Guillermo I Perez-Perez
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM), New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,New York Harbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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132
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Spiga L, Winter MG, Furtado de Carvalho T, Zhu W, Hughes ER, Gillis CC, Behrendt CL, Kim J, Chessa D, Andrews-Polymenis HL, Beiting DP, Santos RL, Hooper LV, Winter SE. An Oxidative Central Metabolism Enables Salmonella to Utilize Microbiota-Derived Succinate. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:291-301.e6. [PMID: 28844888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal inflammatory response induced by Salmonella serovar Typhimurium creates a favorable niche for this gut pathogen. Conventional wisdom holds that S. Typhimurium undergoes an incomplete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the anaerobic mammalian gut. One change during S. Typhimurium-induced inflammation is the production of oxidized compounds by infiltrating neutrophils. We show that inflammation-derived electron acceptors induce a complete, oxidative TCA cycle in S. Typhimurium, allowing the bacteria to compete with the microbiota for colonization. A complete TCA cycle facilitates utilization of the microbiota-derived fermentation product succinate as a carbon source. S. Typhimurium succinate utilization genes contribute to efficient colonization in conventionally raised mice, but provide no growth advantage in germ-free mice. Mono-association of gnotobiotic mice with Bacteroides, a major succinate producer, restores succinate utilization in S. Typhimurium. Thus, oxidative central metabolism enables S. Typhimurium to utilize a variety of carbon sources, including microbiota-derived succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiane Furtado de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Clinical Science, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniela Chessa
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Helene L Andrews-Polymenis
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Koh AY. Potential for Monitoring Gut Microbiota for Diagnosing Infections and Graft-versus-Host Disease in Cancer and Stem Cell Transplant Patients. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1685-1694. [PMID: 28720679 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.259499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota, the collective community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine, have been shown to provide many beneficial functions for the host. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and advanced molecular biology approaches have allowed researchers to identify gut microbiota signatures associated with disease processes and, in some cases, establish causality and elucidate underlying mechanisms. CONTENT This report reviews 3 commonly used methods for studying the gut microbiota and microbiome (the collective genomes of the gut microorganisms): 16S rRNA gene sequencing, bacterial group or species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS). The technical approaches and resources needed for each approach are outlined, and advantages and disadvantages for each approach are summarized. The findings regarding the role of the gut microbiota in the health of patients with cancer and stem cell transplant (SCT) patients (specifically in modulating the development of gut-derived bacterial infections and a posttransplant immune-mediated complication known as graft-vs-host-disease) are reviewed. Finally, there is discussion of the potential viability of these approaches in the actual clinical treatment of cancer and SCT patients. SUMMARY Advances in next-generation sequencing have revolutionized our understanding of the importance of the gut microbiome to human health. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MSS are currently too labor-intensive or computationally burdensome to incorporate into real-time clinical monitoring of gut microbiomes. Yet, the lessons learned from these technologies could be adapted to currently used methods (e.g., qPCR) that could then be rigorously tested in the clinical care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; .,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Lin YL, Ip PP, Liao F. CCR6 Deficiency Impairs IgA Production and Dysregulates Antimicrobial Peptide Production, Altering the Intestinal Flora. Front Immunol 2017; 8:805. [PMID: 28744287 PMCID: PMC5504188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity exists as a complex relationship among immune cells, epithelial cells, and microbiota. CCR6 and its ligand-CCL20 are highly expressed in intestinal mucosal tissues, such as Peyer's patches (PPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). In this study, we investigated the role of the CCR6-CCL20 axis in intestinal immunity under homeostatic conditions. CCR6 deficiency intrinsically affects germinal center reactions in PPs, leading to impairments in IgA class switching, IgA affinity, and IgA memory B cell production and positioning in PPs, suggesting an important role for CCR6 in T-cell-dependent IgA generation. CCR6 deficiency impairs the maturation of ILFs. In these follicles, group 3 innate lymphoid cells are important components and a major source of IL-22, which stimulates intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We found that CCR6 deficiency reduces IL-22 production, likely due to diminished numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells within small-sized ILFs. The reduced IL-22 levels subsequently decrease the production of AMPs, suggesting a critical role for CCR6 in innate intestinal immunity. Finally, we found that CCR6 deficiency impairs the production of IgA and AMPs, leading to increased levels of Alcaligenes in PPs, and segmented filamentous bacteria in IECs. Thus, the CCR6-CCL20 axis plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal symbiosis by limiting the overgrowth of mucosa-associated commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Lin
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Peng Ip
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang Liao
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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135
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Auger JL, Cowan HM, Engelson BJ, Kashem SW, Prinz I, Binstadt BA. Brief Report: Arthritis in KRN T Cell Receptor-Transgenic Mice Does Not Require Interleukin-17 or Th17 Cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1849-55. [PMID: 26882006 DOI: 10.1002/art.39646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Th17 cells and interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokine family members are implicated in the pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases. Most studies in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis have demonstrated a key role for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A and its receptor, the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) A/C heterodimer. The aim of this study was to use a rigorous genetic approach to evaluate the contribution of Th17 cells and IL-17 in the autoantibody-dependent KRN T cell receptor-transgenic mouse model of arthritis. METHODS We bred KRN mice expressing the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule A(g7) (referred to as K/B/g7 mice) and genetically lacking the related cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F or their critical receptor subunit, IL-17RA. Using bone marrow transplantation, we generated mice in which hematopoietic cells from K/B/g7 donor mice lacked the key Th17-differentiating transcription factor, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (Rorγt). RESULTS K/B/g7 mice lacking both IL-17A and IL-17F produced normal titers of pathogenic autoantibodies, and arthritis developed in a typical manner. Similarly, neither IL-17RA nor Rorγt expression by hematopoietic cells was required for disease development in this model. CONCLUSION Despite prior reports suggesting that Th17 cells and IL-17A are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis in K/BxN mice, the results presented here provide genetic evidence that IL-17A and IL-17F, IL-17RA, and Rorγt expression by hematopoietic cells are dispensable for normal arthritis progression in the K/B/g7 mouse model system. We discuss potential explanations for the discrepancies between these 2 highly similar model systems. These findings plus those in other mouse models of arthritis provide insight regarding why therapeutic biologic agents targeting the Th17/IL-17 axis are beneficial in some human rheumatic diseases but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Immo Prinz
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Koh AY. The microbiome in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and cancer patients: Opportunities for clinical advances that reduce infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006342. [PMID: 28662165 PMCID: PMC5491267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y. Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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137
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Rogier R, Ederveen THA, Boekhorst J, Wopereis H, Scher JU, Manasson J, Frambach SJCM, Knol J, Garssen J, van der Kraan PM, Koenders MI, van den Berg WB, van Hijum SAFT, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S. Aberrant intestinal microbiota due to IL-1 receptor antagonist deficiency promotes IL-17- and TLR4-dependent arthritis. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:63. [PMID: 28645307 PMCID: PMC5481968 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbation of commensal intestinal microbiota has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn -/- mice) spontaneously develop autoimmune arthritis and are susceptible to other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, diabetes, and encephalomyelitis; however, the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to these autoimmune phenotypes are poorly understood. We investigated the role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in regulation of commensal intestinal microbiota, and assessed the involvement of microbiota subsets and innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses that underlie the development of spontaneous arthritis in Il1rn -/- mice. RESULTS Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we show that IL-1Ra critically maintains the diversity and regulates the composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. IL-1Ra deficiency reduced the intestinal microbial diversity and richness, and caused specific taxonomic alterations characterized by overrepresented Helicobacter and underrepresented Ruminococcus and Prevotella. Notably, the aberrant intestinal microbiota in IL1rn -/- mice specifically potentiated IL-17 production by intestinal lamina propria (LP) lymphocytes and skewed the LP T cell balance in favor of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, an effect transferable to WT mice by fecal microbiota. Importantly, LP Th17 cell expansion and the development of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis in IL1rn -/- mice were attenuated under germ-free condition. Selective antibiotic treatment revealed that tobramycin-induced alterations of commensal intestinal microbiota, i.e., reduced Helicobacter, Flexispira, Clostridium, and Dehalobacterium, suppressed arthritis in IL1rn -/- mice. The arthritis phenotype in IL1rn -/- mice was previously shown to depend on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Using the ablation of both IL-1Ra and TLR4, we here show that the aberrations in the IL1rn -/- microbiota are partly TLR4-dependent. We further identify a role for TLR4 activation in the intestinal lamina propria production of IL-17 and cytokines involved in Th17 differentiation preceding the onset of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify a critical role for IL1Ra in maintaining the natural diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota, and suggest a role for TLR4 in mucosal Th17 cell induction associated with the development of autoimmune disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogier
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H. A. Ederveen
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Wopereis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose U. Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1611A, New York, USA
| | - Julia Manasson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1611A, New York, USA
| | - Sanne J. C. M. Frambach
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I. Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim B. van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Shahla Abdollahi-Roodsaz
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1611A, New York, USA
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Shi J, Wang Y, He J, Li P, Jin R, Wang K, Xu X, Hao J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Chen X, Wu H, Ge Q. Intestinal microbiota contributes to colonic epithelial changes in simulated microgravity mouse model. FASEB J 2017; 31:3695-3709. [PMID: 28495755 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700034r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity leads to alterations in multiple systems, but microgravity-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract and its clinical significance have not been well studied. We used the hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model to simulate a microgravity condition and investigated the changes in intestinal microbiota and colonic epithelial cells. Compared with ground-based controls (Ctrls), HU affected fecal microbiota composition with a profile that was characterized by the expansion of Firmicutes and decrease of Bacteroidetes. The colon epithelium of HU mice showed decreased goblet cell numbers, reduced epithelial cell turnover, and decreased expression of genes that are involved in defense and inflammatory responses. As a result, increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced epithelial injury was observed in HU mice. Cohousing of Ctrl mice with HU mice resulted in HU-like epithelial changes in Ctrl mice. Transplantation of feces from Ctrl to HU mice alleviated these epithelial changes in HU mice. Results indicate that HU changes intestinal microbiota, which leads to altered colonic epithelial cell homeostasis, impaired barrier function, and increased susceptibility to colitis. We further demonstrate that alteration in gastrointestinal motility may contribute to HU-associated dysbiosis. These animal results emphasize the necessity of evaluating astronauts' intestinal homeostasis during distant space travel.-Shi, J., Wang, Y., He, J., Li, P., Jin, R., Wang, K., Xu, X., Hao, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Chen, X., Wu, H., Ge, Q. Intestinal microbiota contributes to colonic epithelial changes in simulated microgravity mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Hepin District, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongju Liu
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Hepin District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Hepin District, Shenyang, China
| | - Hounan Wu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China;
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Salmonella typhimurium Infection Reduces Schistosoma japonicum Worm Burden in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1349. [PMID: 28465515 PMCID: PMC5430953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfection of microorganisms is a common phenomenon in humans and animals. In order to further our understanding of the progress of coinfection and the possible interaction between different pathogens, we have built a coinfection mouse model with Schistosoma japonicum and Salmonella typhimurium, and used this model to investigate the systemic metabolic and immune responses using NMR-based metabonomics and immunological techniques. Our results show that Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028) infection reduces the number of adult schistosomal worms and eggs, relieves symptoms of schistosomiasis and also abates the mortality of mice infected by Schistosoma japonicum. In addition, Salmonella typhimurium infection counteracts the metabolic disturbances associated with schistosomiasis, which was reflected by the reverted levels of metabolites in coinfected mice, compared with the Schistosoma japonicum infected mice. Furthermore, immune analyses also indicate that shift of the immune response to different pathogens is a result of indirect interactions between Schistosoma japonicum and Salmonella typhimurium within the host. Salmonella typhimurium infection can ameliorate Schistosoma japonicum-caused schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice, which is most likely due to inverse immune polarization. Our work provides an insight into coinfection between Schistosoma japonicum and Salmonella typhimurium, and may further contribute to the development of new tools for controlling Schistosoma japonicum-associated diseases.
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140
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Million M, Diallo A, Raoult D. Gut microbiota and malnutrition. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Stedtfeld RD, Stedtfeld TM, Fader KA, Williams MR, Bhaduri P, Quensen J, Zacharewski TR, Tiedje JM, Hashsham SA. TCDD influences reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes in murine gut microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3798199. [PMID: 28475713 PMCID: PMC5458050 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome via antibiotics, changes in diet and infection can select for bacterial groups that more frequently harbor antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). However, the impact of environmental toxicants on the reservoir of ARGs in the gut microbiome has received less attention. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist with multiple toxic health effects including immune dysfunction. The selective pressure of TCDD on the abundance of ARG and MGE-harboring gut populations was examined using C57BL/6 mice exposed to 0-30 μg/kg TCDD for 28 and 92 days with the latter having a 30-day recovery period. DNA extracted from temporally collected fecal pellets was characterized using a qPCR array with 384 assays targeting ARGs and MGEs. Fourteen genes, typically observed in Enterobacteriaceae, increased significantly within 8 days of initial dosing, persisted throughout the treatment period, and remained induced 30 days post dosing. A qPCR primer set targeting Enterobacteriaceae also showed 10- to 100-fold higher abundance in TCDD-treated groups, which was further verified using metagenomics. Results show a bloom of ARG-harboring bacterial groups in the gut due to a xenobiotic compound that is not a metal, biocide or antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Kelly A. Fader
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maggie R. Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Prianca Bhaduri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - John Quensen
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R. Zacharewski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Syed A. Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Borton MA, Sabag-Daigle A, Wu J, Solden LM, O’Banion BS, Daly RA, Wolfe RA, Gonzalez JF, Wysocki VH, Ahmer BMM, Wrighton KC. Chemical and pathogen-induced inflammation disrupt the murine intestinal microbiome. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:47. [PMID: 28449706 PMCID: PMC5408407 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is one of the most significant food-borne pathogens to affect humans and agriculture. While it is well documented that Salmonella infection triggers host inflammation, the impacts on the gut environment are largely unknown. A CBA/J mouse model was used to evaluate intestinal responses to Salmonella-induced inflammation. In parallel, we evaluated chemically induced inflammation by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and a non-inflammation control. We profiled gut microbial diversity by sequencing 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes from fecal and cecal samples. These data were correlated to the inflammation marker lipocalin-2 and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. RESULTS We demonstrated that inflammation, chemically or biologically induced, restructures the chemical and microbial environment of the gut over a 16-day period. We observed that the ten mice within the Salmonella treatment group had a variable Salmonella relative abundance, with three high responding mice dominated by >46% Salmonella at later time points and the remaining seven mice denoted as low responders. These low- and high-responding Salmonella groups, along with the chemical DSS treatment, established an inflammation gradient with chemical and low levels of Salmonella having at least 3 log-fold lower lipocalin-2 concentration than the high-responding Salmonella mice. Total short-chain fatty acid and individual butyrate concentrations each negatively correlated with inflammation levels. Microbial communities were also structured along this inflammation gradient. Low levels of inflammation, regardless of chemical or biological induction, enriched for Akkermansia spp. in the Verrucomicrobiaceae and members of the Bacteroidetes family S24-7. Relative to the control or low inflammation groups, high levels of Salmonella drastically decreased the overall microbial diversity, specifically driven by the reduction of Alistipes and Lachnospiraceae in the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, respectively. Conversely, members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus were positively correlated to high levels of Salmonella-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that enteropathogenic infection and intestinal inflammation are interrelated factors modulating gut homeostasis. These findings may prove informative with regard to prophylactic or therapeutic strategies to prevent disruption of microbial communities, or promote their restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla A. Borton
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Anice Sabag-Daigle
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jikang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Lindsey M. Solden
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Bridget S. O’Banion
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Rebecca A. Daly
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Richard A. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Juan F. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Brian M. M. Ahmer
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kelly C. Wrighton
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, 440 Biological Sciences Building, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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143
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47 Years of IAI: a Glance in the Mirror and the Road Ahead. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00256-17. [PMID: 28438977 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00256-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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144
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Lian Q, Xu J, Yan S, Huang M, Ding H, Sun X, Bi A, Ding J, Sun B, Geng M. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal inflammatory responses are mediated by exosome secretion of double-strand DNA via AIM2 inflammasome activation. Cell Res 2017; 27:784-800. [PMID: 28409562 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapies are known often to induce severe gastrointestinal tract toxicity but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study considers the widely applied cytotoxic agent irinotecan (CPT-11) as a representative agent and demonstrates that treatment induces massive release of double-strand DNA from the intestine that accounts for the dose-limiting intestinal toxicity of the compound. Specifically, "self-DNA" released through exosome secretion enters the cytosol of innate immune cells and activates the AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) inflammasome. This leads to mature IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and induces intestinal mucositis and late-onset diarrhoea. Interestingly, abrogation of AIM2 signalling, either in AIM2-deficient mice or by a pharmacological inhibitor such as thalidomide, significantly reduces the incidence of drug-induced diarrhoea without affecting the anticancer efficacy of CPT-11. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how chemotherapy triggers innate immune responses causing intestinal toxicity, and reveal new chemotherapy regimens that maintain anti-tumour effects but circumvent the associated adverse inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Honghua Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Aiwei Bi
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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145
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Fresnay S, McArthur MA, Magder LS, Darton TC, Jones C, Waddington CS, Blohmke CJ, Angus B, Levine MM, Pollard AJ, Sztein MB. Importance of Salmonella Typhi-Responsive CD8+ T Cell Immunity in a Human Typhoid Fever Challenge Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:208. [PMID: 28303138 PMCID: PMC5332428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Typhoid fever, caused by the human-restricted organism Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), constitutes a major global health problem. The development of improved attenuated vaccines is pressing, but delayed by the lack of appropriate preclinical models. Herein, we report that high levels of S. Typhi-responsive CD8+ T cells at baseline significantly correlate with an increased risk of disease in humans challenged with a high dose (~104 CFU) wild-type S. Typhi. Typhoid fever development was associated with higher multifunctional S. Typhi-responsive CD8+ T effector memory cells at baseline. Early decreases of these cells in circulation following challenge were observed in both S. Typhi-responsive integrin α4β7− and integrin α4β7+ CD8+ T effector memory (TEM) cells, suggesting their potential to home to both mucosal and extra-intestinal sites. Participants with higher baseline levels of S. Typhi-responsive CD8+ T memory cells had a higher risk of acquiring disease, but among those who acquired disease, those with a higher baseline responses took longer to develop disease. In contrast, protection against disease was associated with low or absent S. Typhi-responsive T cells at baseline and no changes in circulation following challenge. These data highlight the importance of pre-existing S. Typhi-responsive immunity in predicting clinical outcome following infection with wild-type S. Typhi and provide novel insights into the complex mechanisms involved in protective immunity to natural infection in a stringent human model with a high challenge dose. They also contribute important information on the immunological responses to be assessed in the appraisal and selection of new generation typhoid vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fresnay
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Monica A McArthur
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Claire S Waddington
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Christoph J Blohmke
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Brian Angus
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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146
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Miki T, Goto R, Fujimoto M, Okada N, Hardt WD. The Bactericidal Lectin RegIIIβ Prolongs Gut Colonization and Enteropathy in the Streptomycin Mouse Model for Salmonella Diarrhea. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:195-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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147
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Kelly J, Daly K, Moran AW, Ryan S, Bravo D, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Composition and diversity of mucosa-associated microbiota along the entire length of the pig gastrointestinal tract; dietary influences. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1425-1438. [PMID: 27871148 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated microbial populations of the gastrointestinal tract are in intimate contact with the outer mucus layer. This proximity offers these populations a higher potential, than lumenal microbiota, in exerting effects on the host. Functional characteristics of the microbiota and influences of host-physiology shape the composition and activity of the mucosa-associated bacterial community. We have shown previously that inclusion of an artificial sweetener, SUCRAM, included in the diet of weaning piglets modulates the composition of lumenal-residing gut microbiota and reduces weaning-related gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, using Illumina sequencing we characterised the mucosa-associated microbiota along the length of the intestine of piglets, and determined the effect of SUCRAM supplementation on mucosa-associated populations. There were clear distinctions in the composition of mucosa-associated microbiota, between small and large intestine, concordant with differences in regional oxygen distribution and nutrient provision by the host. There were significant differences in the composition of mucosa-associated compared with lumenal microbiota in pig caecum. Dietary supplementation with SUCRAM affected mucosa-associated bacterial community structure along the length of the intestinal tract. Most notably, there was a substantial reduction in predominant Campylobacter populations proposing that SUCRAM supplementation of swine diet has potential for reducing meat contamination and promoting food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kelly
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kristian Daly
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew W Moran
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Sheila Ryan
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David Bravo
- Pancosma SA, Voie-des-Traz 6, Le Grand-Sacconex, Geneva, CH 1218, Switzerland
| | - Soraya P Shirazi-Beechey
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
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148
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Oh JK, Pajarillo EAB, Chae JP, Kim IH, Yang DS, Kang DK. Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:1. [PMID: 28070331 PMCID: PMC5215103 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken gastrointestinal tract contains a diverse microbiota whose composition and structure play important roles in gut functionality. In this study, microbial shifts resulting from feed supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CSL2 were evaluated in broilers challenged and unchallenged with Salmonella Gallinarum. To analyse bacterial community composition and functionality, 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was performed. RESULTS The Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline was used to analyse changes in the faecal microbiota over a 24-h period. A total of 718,204 sequences from broiler chickens were recorded and analysed. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial taxa. In Salmonella-infected chickens (SC), Bacteroidetes were more highly abundant compared to control (NC) and Bacillus-treated (BT) chickens. At the genus level, in the NC and BT groups, Lactobacillus was present at high abundance, and the abundance of Turicibacter, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides increased in SC broilers. Furthermore, taxon-independent analysis showed that the SC and BT groups were compositionally distinct at the end of the 24-h period. Further analysis of functional properties showed that B. subtilis CSL2 administration increased gut-associated energy supply mechanisms (i.e. carbohydrate transport and metabolism) to maintain a stable microbiota and protect gut integrity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that S. Gallinarum infection and B. subtilis CSL2 supplementation in the diet of broiler chickens influenced the diversity, composition, and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota. Moreover, the findings offer significant insights to understand potential mechanisms of Salmonella infection and the mode of action of probiotics in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Kyoung Oh
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Edward Alain B Pajarillo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pyo Chae
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yang
- Abson BioChem, Inc, 10-1 Yangjimaeul-gil, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, 15524 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
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149
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Ratsimandresy RA, Indramohan M, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. The AIM2 inflammasome is a central regulator of intestinal homeostasis through the IL-18/IL-22/STAT3 pathway. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:127-142. [PMID: 27524110 PMCID: PMC5214942 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and dysbiosis contributes to the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and increases the risk for colorectal cancer. Inflammasome defects contribute to chronic intestinal inflammation and increase the susceptibility to colitis in mice. However, the inflammasome sensor absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) protects against colorectal cancer in an inflammasome-independent manner through DNA-dependent protein kinase and Akt pathways. Yet, the roles of the AIM2 inflammasome in IBD and the early phases of colorectal cancer remain ill-defined. Here we show that the AIM2 inflammasome has a protective role in the intestine. During steady state, Aim2 deletion results in the loss of IL-18 secretion, suppression of the IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) in intestinal epithelial cells and consequent loss of the STAT3-dependent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Reg3β and Reg3γ, which promotes dysbiosis-linked colitis. During dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, a dysfunctional IL-18/IL-22BP pathway in Aim2-/- mice promotes excessive IL-22 production and elevated STAT3 activation. Aim2-/- mice further exhibit sustained STAT3 and Akt activation during the resolution of colitis fueled by enhanced Reg3b and Reg3g expression. This self-perpetuating mechanism promotes proliferation of intestinal crypt cells and likely contributes to the recently described increase in susceptibility of Aim2-/- mice to colorectal cancer. Collectively, our results demonstrate a central role for the AIM2 inflammasome in preventing dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation through regulation of the IL-18/IL-22BP/IL-22 and STAT3 pathway and expression of select AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojo A Ratsimandresy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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150
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Zeng MY, Inohara N, Nuñez G. Mechanisms of inflammation-driven bacterial dysbiosis in the gut. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:18-26. [PMID: 27554295 PMCID: PMC5788567 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has diverse and essential roles in host metabolism, development of the immune system and as resistance to pathogen colonization. Perturbations of the gut microbiota, termed gut dysbiosis, are commonly observed in diseases involving inflammation in the gut, including inflammatory bowel disease, infection, colorectal cancer and food allergies. Importantly, the inflamed microenvironment in the gut is particularly conducive to blooms of Enterobacteriaceae, which acquire fitness benefits while other families of symbiotic bacteria succumb to environmental changes inflicted by inflammation. Here we summarize studies that examined factors in the inflamed gut that contribute to blooms of Enterobacterieaceae, and highlight potential approaches to restrict Enterobacterial blooms in treating diseases that are otherwise complicated by overgrowth of virulent Enterobacterial species in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- MY Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - N Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - G Nuñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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