101
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Xiao Y, Nie L, Chen H, He M, Liang Q, Nie H, Chen W, Huang Q. The two-component system TarR-TarS is regulated by c-di-GMP/FleQ and FliA and modulates antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas putida. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5239-5257. [PMID: 33938113 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) are predominant means by which bacteria sense and respond to environment signals. Genome of Pseudomonas putida contains dozens of putative TCS-encoding genes, but phenotypical-genotypical correlation and transcriptional regulation of these genes are largely unknown. Herein, we characterized function and transcriptional regulation of a conserved P. putida TCS, named TarR-TarS. TarS (PP_0769) encodes a potential histidine kinase, and tarR (PP_0768) encodes a potential response regulator. Protein-protein interaction assay and phosphorylation assay confirmed that TarR-TarS was a functional TCS. Growth assay under antibiotics revealed that TarR-TarS positively regulated bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics. Pull-down assay revealed that TarR directly interacted with PP_0800 (a hypothetical protein) and GroEL (the chaperonin). GroEL played a positive role in antibiotic resistance, while PP_0800 seemed to have no effect on antibiotic resistance. The regulator FleQ indirectly activated tarR-tarS transcription. However, the second messenger c-di-GMP antagonized FleQ activation to inhibit tarR-tarS transcription. The sigma factor FliA directly activated tarR-tarS transcription via a consensus motif. These findings reveal function and transcriptional regulation of TarR-TarS, and enrich knowledge regarding the relationship between c-di-GMP and antibiotic susceptibility in P. putida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haozhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meina He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hailing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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102
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Manniello MD, Moretta A, Salvia R, Scieuzo C, Lucchetti D, Vogel H, Sgambato A, Falabella P. Insect antimicrobial peptides: potential weapons to counteract the antibiotic resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4259-4282. [PMID: 33595669 PMCID: PMC8164593 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Misuse and overuse of antibiotics have contributed in the last decades to a phenomenon known as antibiotic resistance which is currently considered one of the principal threats to global public health by the World Health Organization. The aim to find alternative drugs has been demonstrated as a real challenge. Thanks to their biodiversity, insects represent the largest class of organisms in the animal kingdom. The humoral immune response includes the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are released into the insect hemolymph after microbial infection. In this review, we have focused on insect immune responses, particularly on AMP characteristics, their mechanism of action and applications, especially in the biomedical field. Furthermore, we discuss the Toll, Imd, and JAK-STAT pathways that activate genes encoding for the expression of AMPs. Moreover, we focused on strategies to improve insect peptides stability against proteolytic susceptibility such as D-amino acid substitutions, N-terminus modification, cyclization and dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Manniello
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - A Moretta
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - R Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - C Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - D Lucchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - H Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - A Sgambato
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - P Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
- Spinoff XFlies S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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103
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De Smet J, Wagemans J, Hendrix H, Staes I, Visnapuu A, Horemans B, Aertsen A, Lavigne R. Bacteriophage-mediated interference of the c-di-GMP signalling pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:967-978. [PMID: 33314648 PMCID: PMC8085984 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
C-di-GMP is a key signalling molecule which impacts bacterial motility and biofilm formation and is formed by the condensation of two GTP molecules by a diguanylate cyclase. We here describe the identification and characterization of a family of bacteriophage-encoded peptides that directly impact c-di-GMP signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These phage proteins target Pseudomonas diguanylate cyclase YfiN by direct protein interaction (termed YIPs, YfiN Interacting Peptides). YIPs induce an increase of c-di-GMP production in the host cell, resulting in a decrease in motility and an increase in biofilm mass in P. aeruginosa. A dynamic analysis of the biofilm morphology indicates a denser biofilm structure after induction of the phage protein. This intracellular signalling interference strategy by a lytic phage constitutes an unexplored phage-based mechanism of metabolic regulation and could potentially serve as inspiration for the development of molecules that interfere with biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen De Smet
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
- Present address:
Lab4FoodDepartment of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S)KU Leuven Campus GeelGeel2440Belgium
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Hanne Hendrix
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Ines Staes
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Annegrete Visnapuu
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
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104
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Maisetta G, Piras AM, Motta V, Braccini S, Mazzantini D, Chiellini F, Zambito Y, Esin S, Batoni G. Antivirulence Properties of a Low-Molecular-Weight Quaternized Chitosan Derivative against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:912. [PMID: 33923269 PMCID: PMC8145479 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of increasing rates of resistance to current antibiotics and the paucity of novel antibiotics pose major challenges for the treatment of bacterial infections. In this scenario, treatments targeting bacterial virulence have gained considerable interest as they are expected to exert a weaker selection for resistance than conventional antibiotics. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a low-molecular-weight quaternized chitosan derivative, named QAL, displays antibiofilm activity against the major pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa at subinhibitory concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether QAL was able to inhibit the production of relevant virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. When tested in vitro at subinhibiting concentrations (0.31-0.62 mg/mL), QAL markedly reduced the production of pyocyanin, pyoverdin, proteases, and LasA, as well as inhibited the swarming motility of three out of four P. aeruginosa strains tested. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that expression of lasI and rhlI, two QS-related genes, was highly downregulated in a representative P. aeruginosa strain. Confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis suggested that FITC-labelled QAL accumulates intracellularly following incubation with P. aeruginosa. In contrast, the reduced production of virulence factors was not evidenced when QAL was used as the main polymeric component of polyelectrolyte-based nanoparticles. Additionally, combination of sub-MIC concentrations of QAL and tobramycin significantly reduced biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, likely due to a synergistic activity towards planktonic bacteria. Overall, the results obtained demonstrated an antivirulence activity of QAL, possibly due to polymer intracellular localization and QS-inhibition, and its ability to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth synergizing with tobramycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Motta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Simona Braccini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM PISA, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM PISA, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
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105
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Kusumawardhani H, Furtwängler B, Blommestijn M, Kaltenytė A, van der Poel J, Kolk J, Hosseini R, de Winde JH. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Restores Solvent Tolerance in Plasmid-Cured Pseudomonas putida S12: a Molecular Analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e00041-21. [PMID: 33674430 PMCID: PMC8091024 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00041-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida S12 is inherently solvent tolerant and constitutes a promising platform for biobased production of aromatic compounds and biopolymers. The megaplasmid pTTS12 of P. putida S12 carries several gene clusters involved in solvent tolerance, and the removal of this megaplasmid caused a significant reduction in solvent tolerance. In this study, we succeeded in restoring solvent tolerance in plasmid-cured P. putida S12 using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), underscoring the innate solvent tolerance of this strain. Whole-genome sequencing identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a mobile element insertion enabling ALE-derived strains to survive and sustain growth in the presence of a high toluene concentration (10% [vol/vol]). We identified mutations in an RND efflux pump regulator, arpR, that resulted in constitutive upregulation of the multifunctional efflux pump ArpABC. SNPs were also found in the intergenic region and subunits of ATP synthase, RNA polymerase subunit β', a global two-component regulatory system (GacA/GacS), and a putative AraC family transcriptional regulator, Afr. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed a constitutive downregulation of energy-consuming activities in ALE-derived strains, such as flagellar assembly, FoF1 ATP synthase, and membrane transport proteins. In summary, constitutive expression of a solvent extrusion pump in combination with high metabolic flexibility enabled the restoration of the solvent tolerance trait in P. putida S12 lacking its megaplasmid.IMPORTANCE Sustainable production of high-value chemicals can be achieved by bacterial biocatalysis. However, bioproduction of biopolymers and aromatic compounds may exert stress on the microbial production host and limit the resulting yield. Having a solvent tolerance trait is highly advantageous for microbial hosts used in the biobased production of aromatics. The presence of a megaplasmid has been linked to the solvent tolerance trait of Pseudomonas putida; however, the extent of innate, intrinsic solvent tolerance in this bacterium remained unclear. Using adaptive laboratory evolution, we successfully adapted the plasmid-cured P. putida S12 strain to regain its solvent tolerance. Through these adapted strains, we began to clarify the causes, origins, limitations, and trade-offs of the intrinsic solvent tolerance in P. putida This work sheds light on the possible genetic engineering targets to enhance solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas putida as well as other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adelė Kaltenytė
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van der Poel
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kolk
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rohola Hosseini
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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106
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Leroy AG, Caillon J, Caroff N, Broquet A, Corvec S, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A, Crémet L. Could Azithromycin Be Part of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acute Pneumonia Treatment? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:642541. [PMID: 33796090 PMCID: PMC8008145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) is a 15-membered-ring macrolide that presents a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and atypical microorganisms but suffers from a poor diffusion across the outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). However, AZM has demonstrated clinical benefits in patients suffering from chronic PA respiratory infections, especially cystic fibrosis patients. Since the rise of multidrug-resistant PA has led to a growing need for new therapeutic options, this macrolide has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy. Clinical trials assessing AZM in PA acute pneumonia are scarce. However, a careful examination of the available literature provides good rationales for its use in that context. In fact, 14- and 15-membered-ring macrolides have demonstrated immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects that could be of major interest in the management of acute illness. Furthermore, growing evidence supports a downregulation of PA virulence dependent on direct interaction with the ribosomes, and based on the modulation of several key regulators from the Quorum Sensing network. First highlighted in vitro, these interesting properties of AZM have subsequently been confirmed in the animal models. In this review, we systematically analyzed the literature regarding AZM immunomodulatory and anti-PA effects. In vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials were reviewed, looking for rationales for AZM use in PA acute pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Leroy
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Caillon
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Caroff
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Broquet
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, U1232, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Service Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Service Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Lise Crémet
- Laboratoire EA 3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2-Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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107
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A Novel Infection Protocol in Zebrafish Embryo to Assess Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence and Validate Efficacy of a Quorum Sensing Inhibitor In Vivo. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040401. [PMID: 33805384 PMCID: PMC8065929 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for a variety of acute infections and is a major cause of mortality in chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. Due to increased resistance to antibiotics, new therapeutic strategies against P. aeruginosa are urgently needed. In this context, we aimed to develop a simple vertebrate animal model to rapidly assess in vivo drug efficacy against P. aeruginosa. Zebrafish are increasingly considered for modeling human infections caused by bacterial pathogens, which are commonly microinjected in embryos. In the present study, we established a novel protocol for zebrafish infection by P. aeruginosa based on bath immersion in 96-well plates of tail-injured embryos. The immersion method, followed by a 48-hour survey of embryo viability, was first validated to assess the virulence of P. aeruginosa wild-type PAO1 and a known attenuated mutant. We then validated its relevance for antipseudomonal drug testing by first using a clinically used antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. Secondly, we used a novel quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory molecule, N-(2-pyrimidyl)butanamide (C11), the activity of which had been validated in vitro but not previously tested in any animal model. A significant protective effect of C11 was observed on infected embryos, supporting the ability of C11 to attenuate in vivo P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. In conclusion, we present here a new and reliable method to compare the virulence of P. aeruginosa strains in vivo and to rapidly assess the efficacy of clinically relevant drugs against P. aeruginosa, including new antivirulence compounds.
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108
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Jurado-Martín I, Sainz-Mejías M, McClean S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3128. [PMID: 33803907 PMCID: PMC8003266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing P. aeruginosa with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large P. aeruginosa genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating P. aeruginosa evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (I.J.-M.); (M.S.-M.)
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109
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Jia J, Ellis JF, Cao T, Fu K, Morales-Soto N, Shrout JD, Sweedler JV, Bohn PW. Biopolymer Patterning-Directed Secretion in Mucoid and Nonmucoid Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Revealed by Multimodal Chemical Imaging. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:598-607. [PMID: 33620198 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid production were studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by spatially patterning mucin, a glycoprotein important to infection of lung epithelia. Mass spectrometric imaging and confocal Raman microscopy are combined to probe P. aeruginosa biofilms from mucoid and nonmucoid strains grown on lithographically defined patterns. Quinolone signatures from biofilms on patterned vs unpatterned and mucin vs mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) surfaces were compared. Microbial attachment is accompanied by secretion of 2-alkyl-4-quinolones as well as rhamnolipids from the mucoid and nonmucoid strains. Pyocyanin was also detected both in the biofilm and in the supernatant in the mucoid strain only. Significant differences in the spatiotemporal distributions of secreted factors are observed between strains and among different surface patterning conditions. The mucoid strain is sensitive to composition and patterning while the nonmucoid strain is not, and in promoting community development in the mucoid strain, nonpatterned surfaces are better than patterned, and mucin is better than MUA. Also, the mucoid strain secretes the virulence factor pyocyanin in a way that correlates with distress. A change in the relative abundance for two rhamnolipids is observed in the mucoid strain during exposure to mucin, whereas minimal variation is observed in the nonmucoid strain. Differences between mucoid and nonmucoid strains are consistent with their strain-specific phenology, in which the mucoid strain develops highly protected and withdrawn biofilms that achieve Pseudomonas quinolone signal production under limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joanna F. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,United States
| | - Tianyuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Nydia Morales-Soto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,United States
| | - Joshua D. Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,United States
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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110
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Shanon MR, Al-Marzoqi AH, Hussein HJ. Prototheca spp. co-infections and their virulence factors in human protothecosis in Hillah city, Iraq. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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111
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Fan K, Cao Q, Lan L. Genome-Wide Mapping Reveals Complex Regulatory Activities of BfmR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:485. [PMID: 33668961 PMCID: PMC8025907 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BfmR is a response regulator that modulates diverse pathogenic phenotypes and induces an acute-to-chronic virulence switch in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen causing serious nosocomial infections. However, the mechanisms of action of BfmR remain largely unknown. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), we showed that 174 chromosomal regions of P. aeruginosa MPAO1 genome were highly enriched by coimmunoprecipitation with a C-terminal Flag-tagged BfmR. Integration of these data with global transcriptome analyses revealed that 172 genes in 106 predicted transcription units are potential targets for BfmR. We determined that BfmR binds to and modulates the promoter activity of genes encoding transcriptional regulators CzcR, ExsA, and PhoB. Intriguingly, BfmR bound to the promoters of a number of genes belong to either CzcR or PhoB regulon, or both, indicating that CzcRS and PhoBR two-component systems (TCSs) deeply feed into the BfmR-mediated regulatory network. In addition, we demonstrated that phoB is required for BfmR to promote the biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. These results delineate the direct BfmR regulon and exemplify the complexity of BfmR-mediated regulation of cellular functions in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Qiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Lefu Lan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
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112
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Do H, Kwon SR, Baek S, Madukoma CS, Smiley MK, Dietrich LE, Shrout JD, Bohn PW. Redox cycling-based detection of phenazine metabolites secreted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nanopore electrode arrays. Analyst 2021; 146:1346-1354. [PMID: 33393560 PMCID: PMC7937416 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) produces several redox-active phenazine metabolites, including pyocyanin (PYO) and phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), which are electron carrier molecules that also aid in virulence. In particular, PYO is an exclusive metabolite produced by P. aeruginosa, which acts as a virulence factor in hospital-acquired infections and is therefore a good biomarker for identifying early stage colonization by this pathogen. Here, we describe the use of nanopore electrode arrays (NEAs) exhibiting metal-insulator-metal ring electrode architectures for enhanced detection of these phenazine metabolites. The size of the nanopores allows phenazine metabolites to freely diffuse into the interior and access the working electrodes, while the bacteria are excluded. Consequently, highly efficient redox cycling reactions in the NEAs can be accessed by free diffusion unhindered by the presence of bacteria. This strategy yields low limits of detection, i.e. 10.5 and 20.7 nM for PYO and PCN, respectively, values far below single molecule pore occupancy, e.g. at 10.5 nM 〈npore〉∼ 0.082 per nanopore - a limit which reflects the extraordinary signal amplification in the NEAs. Furthermore, experiments that compared results from minimal medium and rich medium show that P. aeruginosa produces the same types of phenazine metabolites even though growth rates and phenazine production patterns differ in these two media. The NEA measurement strategy developed here should be useful as a diagnostic for pathogens generally and for understanding metabolism in clinically important microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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113
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The Rhl Quorum-Sensing System Is at the Top of the Regulatory Hierarchy under Phosphate-Limiting Conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00475-20. [PMID: 33288622 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00475-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial pathogen that presents high-level resistance to antibiotics. Its ability to cause infections relies on the production of multiple virulence factors. Quorum sensing (QS) regulates the expression of many of these virulence factors through three QS systems: Las, Rhl, and PQS. The Las system positively regulates the other two systems, so it is at the top of a hierarchized regulation. Nevertheless, clinical and environmental strains that lack a functional Las system have been isolated, and, surprisingly, some of them still have the ability to produce virulence factors and infect animal models, so it has been suggested that the hierarchy is flexible under some conditions or with atypical strains. Here, we analyze the PAO1 type strain and its ΔlasR-derived mutant and report, for the first time, a growth condition (phosphate limitation) where LasR absence has no effect either on virulence factor production or on the gene expression profile, in contrast to a condition of phosphate repletion where the LasR hierarchy is maintained. This work provides evidence on how the QS hierarchy can change from being a strictly LasR-dependent to a LasR-independent RhlR-based hierarchy under phosphate limitation even in the PAO1 type strain.IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen, considered a priority for the development of new therapeutic strategies. An important approach to fight its infections relies on blocking quorum sensing. The Las system is the main regulator of the quorum-sensing response, so many research efforts aim to block this system to suppress the entire response. In this work, we show that LasR is dispensable in a phosphate-limited environment in the PAO1 type strain, which has been used to define the quorum-sensing response hierarchy, and that under this condition RhlR is at the top of the regulation hierarchy. These results are highly significant, since phosphate limitation represents a similar environment to the one that P. aeruginosa faces when establishing infections.
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114
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Thornton JM, Walker JM, Sundarasivarao PYK, Spur BW, Rodriguez A, Yin K. Lipoxin A4 promotes reduction and antibiotic efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106505. [PMID: 33152529 PMCID: PMC7856039 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterium commonly found in wound infections and airways of cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa readily forms biofilms which can reduce the efficacy of antibiotics used to eradicate the pathogen. We have previously shown that a Specialized Pro-resolving Mediator (SPM), Lipoxin A4 (LxA4) is a quorum sensing inhibitor which can reduce P. aeruginosa virulence. In this study, we examined the direct actions of LxA4 and RvD2 on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence gene expression. The influence of LxA4 on antibiotic efficacy and the combined effects on biofilm formation were also investigated. LxA4 and RvD2 reduced P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence gene expression. LxA4 increased ciprofloxacin inhibition on biofilm formation but did not affect ciprofloxacin's action on non-adherent bacteria. On the other hand, LxA4 increased bacterial killing action of imipenem but did not affect imipenem's action on biofilm. We also found that LxA4 can increase ciprofloxacin's bacterial killing ability in established biofilm. Together these results suggest that LxA4 has direct effects on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and can increase antibiotic efficacy directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Thornton
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - J M Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - P Y Kadiyam Sundarasivarao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - B W Spur
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - A Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - K Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
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115
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Oziat J, Cohu T, Elsen S, Gougis M, Malliaras GG, Mailley P. Electrochemical detection of redox molecules secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Part 1: Electrochemical signatures of different strains. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107747. [PMID: 33618190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During infections, fast identification of the microorganisms is critical to improve patient treatment and to better manage antibiotics use. Electrochemistry exhibits several advantages for rapid diagnostic: it enables easy, cheap and in situ analysis of redox molecules in most liquids. In this work, several culture supernatants of different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (including PAO1 and its isogenic mutants PAO1ΔpqsA, PA14, PAK and CHA) were analyzed by square wave voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode during the bacterial growth. The obtained voltamograms shown complex traces exhibiting numerous redox peaks with potential repartitions and current amplitudes depending on the studied bacterium and/or growth time. Among them, some peaks were clearly associated to the well-known redox toxin Pyocyanin (PYO) and the autoinducer Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS). Other peaks were observed that are not yet attributed to known secreted species. Each complex electrochemical response (number of peaks, peak potential and amplitude) can be interpreted as a fingerprint or "ID-card" of the studied strain that may be implemented for fast bacteria strain identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oziat
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, F-13541 Gardanne, France; Bioserenity, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Cohu
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- UMR 1036, INSERM-CEA-UJF, CNRS ERL5261, BIG, CEA-Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Gougis
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, F-13541 Gardanne, France; Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
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116
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Yashkin A, Rayo J, Grimm L, Welch M, Meijler MM. Short-chain reactive probes as tools to unravel the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing regulon. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4570-4581. [PMID: 34163722 PMCID: PMC8179429 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04444j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the world has seen a troubling increase in antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens. In order to provide alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections, it is crucial deepen our understanding into the mechanisms that pathogens use to thrive in complex environments. Most bacteria use sophisticated chemical communication systems to sense their population density and coordinate gene expression in a collective manner, a process that is termed "quorum sensing" (QS). The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses several small molecules to regulate QS, and one of them is N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL). Using an activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) strategy, we designed biomimetic probes with a photoreactive group and a 'click' tag as an analytical handle. Using these probes, we have identified previously uncharacterized proteins that are part of the P. aeruginosa QS network, and we uncovered an additional role for this natural autoinducer in the virulence regulon of P. aeruginosa, through its interaction with PhzB1/2 that results in inhibition of pyocyanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yashkin
- Dept. of Chemistry, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Josep Rayo
- Dept. of Chemistry, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Larson Grimm
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge UK
| | - Martin Welch
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge UK
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Dept. of Chemistry, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 8410501 Israel
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117
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Su Y, Yang Y, Zhu XY, Zhang XH, Yu M. Metagenomic Insights Into the Microbial Assemblage Capable of Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching in Particulate Organic Matter in the Yellow Sea. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:602010. [PMID: 33519743 PMCID: PMC7843935 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.602010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a density-dependent communicating mechanism that allows bacteria to regulate a wide range of biogeochemical important processes and could be inhibited by quorum quenching (QQ). Increasing researches have demonstrated that QS can affect the degradation of particulate organic matter (POM) in the photic zone. However, knowledge of the diversity and variation of microbial QS and QQ systems in sinking POM is scarce. Here, POM samples were collected from surface seawater (SW), bottom seawater (BW), and surficial sediment (SS) in the Yellow Sea of China. 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenome sequencing were performed to analyze the community structure of particle-associated microorganisms and distribution of QS genes [acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) synthesizing gene luxI and AHL sensing gene luxR] and QQ genes (genes encoding for AHL lactonase and acylase) in POM. Shifting community structures were observed at different sampling depths, with an increase of microbial abundance and diversity from SW to BW. Along with the variation of microbial communities, the abundances of luxI and luxR decreased slightly but were restored or even exceeded when POM arrived at SS. Comparatively, abundances of AHL lactonase and acylase remained constant during the transportation process from SW to BW but increased dramatically in SS. Correlation tests indicated that abundances of luxI and luxR were positively correlated with temperature, while those of AHL acylase were positively correlated with depth, SiO4 2-, PO4 3-, and NO3 -, but negatively correlated with temperature and pH. According to phylogenetic analyses, the retrieved QS and QQ genes are more diverse and distinctive than ever experimentally identified. Besides, the vertical transmission of QS and QQ genes along with POM sinking was observed, which could be one of the key factors leading to the prevalence of QS and QQ genes in marine ecosystems. Overall, our results increase the current knowledge of QS and QQ metabolic pathways in marine environment and shed light on the intertwined interspecies relationships to better investigate their dynamics and ecological roles in POM cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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118
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Zou J, Liu Y, Guo R, Tang Y, Shi Z, Zhang M, Wu W, Chen Y, Hou K. An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Zou
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengrong Shi
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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119
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Bhatia S, Lal A, Singh S, Franco F. Potential of polyphenols in curbing quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Gram-negative pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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120
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Extracellular products-mediated interspecific interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. J Microbiol 2020; 59:29-40. [PMID: 33355890 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts several elaborate strategies to colonize a wide range of natural or clinical niches and to overcome the neighboring bacterial competitors in polymicrobial communities. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism of P. aeruginosa with other bacterial pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here we explore the interaction dynamics of P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, which frequently coinfect the lungs of immunocompromised hosts, by using a series of on-plate proximity assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the extracellular products of P. aeruginosa can inhibit the growth of neighboring E. coli and induce a large-scale of transcriptional reprogramming of E. coli, especially in terms of cellular respiration-related primary metabolisms and membrane components. In contrast, the presence of E. coli has no significant effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa in short-term culture, but causes a dysregulated expression of genes positively controlled by the quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa during subsequent pairwise culture. We further demonstrate that the divergent QS-regulation of P. aeruginosa may be related to the function of the transcriptional regulator PqsR, which can be enhanced by E. coli culture supernatant to increase the pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa in the absence of the central las-QS system. Moreover, the extracellular products of E. coli promote the proliferation and lethality of P. aeruginosa in infecting the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The current study provides a general characterization of the extracellular products-mediated interactions between P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and may facilitate the understanding of polymicrobial infections.
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121
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Yang W, Wei Q, Tong Q, Cui K, He G, Lin L, Ma LZ, Cornelis P, Wang Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine Tanreqing Inhibits Quorum Sensing Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:517462. [PMID: 33391189 PMCID: PMC7775676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.517462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect a wide variety of hosts including humans, plants, and animals. The production of virulence factors is the determinant of the infection paradigm and is under orchestrated regulation via cell-to-cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS). To disable QS circuits and prevent bacterial infections, a large battery of anti-QS agents, particularly from traditional Chinese medicine have been developed. Here, we used P. aeruginosa as a model microorganism to investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Tanreqing (TRQ) formula on bacterial pathogenicity. Phenotypic analysis showed that TRQ treatment could completely inhibit the production of phenazine pyocyanin and moderately inhibit the production of virulence factors such as rhamnolipids, elastase, and alkaline protease. Further transcriptomic analyses revealed that TRQ treatment could significantly attenuate the expression of QS-regulated genes in P. aeruginosa and TRQ-treated P. aeruginosa regulon shared a large overlap with QS regulon. Component contribution to QS inhibition shed light on the indispensable role of all five components in TRQ formula. Further genetic analysis indicated that upstream regulators of QS systems, including two-component systems GacS/GacA and PprA/PprB, were both inhibited by TRQ treatment. Finally, our TRQ formula could efficiently protect Caenorhabditis elegans from killing by P. aeruginosa. Altogether, we have proved TRQ formula as an effective and specific agent to attenuate bacterial virulence and combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Cui
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaiying He
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lvyan Z Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, Évreux, France
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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122
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González J, Salvador M, Özkaya Ö, Spick M, Reid K, Costa C, Bailey MJ, Avignone Rossa C, Kümmerli R, Jiménez JI. Loss of a pyoverdine secondary receptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa results in a fitter strain suitable for population invasion. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:1330-1343. [PMID: 33323977 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens constitutes a critical problem in healthcare and requires the development of novel treatments. Potential strategies include the exploitation of microbial social interactions based on public goods, which are produced at a fitness cost by cooperative microorganisms, but can be exploited by cheaters that do not produce these goods. Cheater invasion has been proposed as a 'Trojan horse' approach to infiltrate pathogen populations with strains deploying built-in weaknesses (e.g., sensitiveness to antibiotics). However, previous attempts have been often unsuccessful because population invasion by cheaters was prevented by various mechanisms including the presence of spatial structure (e.g., growth in biofilms), which limits the diffusion and exploitation of public goods. Here we followed an alternative approach and examined whether the manipulation of public good uptake and not its production could result in potential 'Trojan horses' suitable for population invasion. We focused on the siderophore pyoverdine produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa MPAO1 and manipulated its uptake by deleting and/or overexpressing the pyoverdine primary (FpvA) and secondary (FpvB) receptors. We found that receptor synthesis feeds back on pyoverdine production and uptake rates, which led to strains with altered pyoverdine-associated costs and benefits. Moreover, we found that the receptor FpvB was advantageous under iron-limited conditions but revealed hidden costs in the presence of an antibiotic stressor (gentamicin). As a consequence, FpvB mutants became the fittest strain under gentamicin exposure, displacing the wildtype in liquid cultures, and in biofilms and during infections of the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella, which both represent structured environments. Our findings reveal that an evolutionary trade-off associated with the costs and benefits of a versatile pyoverdine uptake strategy can be harnessed for devising a Trojan-horse candidate for medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime González
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Manuel Salvador
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Özhan Özkaya
- Department of Quantitative Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matt Spick
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kate Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Catia Costa
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Melanie J Bailey
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Rolf Kümmerli
- Department of Quantitative Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José I Jiménez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK. .,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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123
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Bacterial Alkyl-4-quinolones: Discovery, Structural Diversity and Biological Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235689. [PMID: 33276615 PMCID: PMC7731028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkyl-4-quinolones (AQs) are a class of metabolites produced primarily by members of the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera, consisting of a 4-quinolone core substituted by a range of pendant groups, most commonly at the C-2 position. The history of this class of compounds dates back to the 1940s, when a range of alkylquinolones with notable antibiotic properties were first isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. More recently, it was discovered that an alkylquinolone derivative, the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) plays a key role in bacterial communication and quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Many of the best-studied examples contain simple hydrocarbon side-chains, but more recent studies have revealed a wide range of structurally diverse examples from multiple bacterial genera, including those with aromatic, isoprenoid, or sulfur-containing side-chains. In addition to their well-known antimicrobial properties, alkylquinolones have been reported with antimalarial, antifungal, antialgal, and antioxidant properties. Here we review the structural diversity and biological activity of these intriguing metabolites.
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Harrington NE, Sweeney E, Harrison F. Building a better biofilm - Formation of in vivo-like biofilm structures by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a porcine model of cystic fibrosis lung infection. Biofilm 2020; 2:100024. [PMID: 33381751 PMCID: PMC7762787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung are highly resistant to current antimicrobial treatments and are associated with increased mortality rates. The existing models for such infections are not able to reliably mimic the clinical biofilms observed. We aimed to further optimise an ex vivo pig lung (EVPL) model for P. aeruginosa CF lung infection that can be used to increase understanding of chronic CF biofilm infection. The EVPL model will facilitate discovery of novel infection prevention methods and treatments, and enhanced exploration of biofilm architecture. We investigated purine metabolism and biofilm formation in the model using transposon insertion mutants in P. aeruginosa PA14 for key genes: purD, gacA and pelA. Our results demonstrate that EVPL recapitulates a key aspect of in vivo P. aeruginosa infection metabolism, and that the pathogen forms a biofilm with a clinically realistic structure not seen in other in vitro studies. Two pathways known to be required for in vivo biofilm infection - the Gac regulatory pathway and production of the Pel exopolysaccharide - are essential to the formation of this mature, structured biofilm on EVPL tissue. We propose the high-throughput EVPL model as a validated biofilm platform to bridge the gap between in vitro work and CF lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh E. Harrington
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Sweeney
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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125
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Baldelli V, D’Angelo F, Pavoncello V, Fiscarelli EV, Visca P, Rampioni G, Leoni L. Identification of FDA-approved antivirulence drugs targeting the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing effector protein PqsE. Virulence 2020; 11:652-668. [PMID: 32423284 PMCID: PMC7549961 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1770508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause both chronic and acute infections mainly relies on its capacity to finely modulate the expression of virulence factors through a complex network of regulatory circuits, including the pqs quorum sensing (QS) system. While in most QS systems the signal molecule/receptor complexes act as global regulators that modulate the expression of QS-controlled genes, the main effector protein of the pqs system is PqsE. This protein is involved in the synthesis of the QS signal molecules 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones (AQs), but it also modulates the expression of genes involved in virulence factors production and biofilm formation via AQ-independent pathway(s). P. aeruginosa pqsE mutants disclose attenuated virulence in plant and animal infection models, hence PqsE is considered a good target for the development of antivirulence drugs against P. aeruginosa. In this study, the negative regulation exerted by PqsE on its own transcription has been exploited to develop a screening system for the identification of PqsE inhibitors in a library of FDA-approved drugs. This led to the identification of nitrofurazone and erythromycin estolate, two antibiotic compounds that reduce the expression of PqsE-dependent virulence traits and biofilm formation in the model strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 at concentrations far below those affecting the bacterial growth rate. Notably, both drugs reduce the production of the PqsE-controlled virulence factor pyocyanin also in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients, and do not antagonize the activity of antibiotics commonly used to treat P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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126
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Mahavy CE, Duez P, ElJaziri M, Rasamiravaka T. African Plant-Based Natural Products with Antivirulence Activities to the Rescue of Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110830. [PMID: 33228261 PMCID: PMC7699609 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the thread of widespread superbug infections have led researchers to constantly look for novel effective antimicrobial agents. Within the past two decades, there has been an increase in studies attempting to discover molecules with innovative properties against pathogenic bacteria, notably by disrupting mechanisms of bacterial virulence and/or biofilm formation which are both regulated by the cell-to-cell communication mechanism called ‘quorum sensing’ (QS). Certainly, targeting the virulence of bacteria and their capacity to form biofilms, without affecting their viability, may contribute to reduce their pathogenicity, allowing sufficient time for an immune response to infection and a reduction in the use of antibiotics. African plants, through their huge biodiversity, present a considerable reservoir of secondary metabolites with a very broad spectrum of biological activities, a potential source of natural products targeting such non-microbicidal mechanisms. The present paper aims to provide an overview on two main aspects: (i) succinct presentation of bacterial virulence and biofilm formation as well as their entanglement through QS mechanisms and (ii) detailed reports on African plant extracts and isolated compounds with antivirulence properties against particular pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Emmanuel Mahavy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Mondher ElJaziri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Tsiry Rasamiravaka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +261-32-61-903-38
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127
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Duan H, Yu L, Tian F, Zhai Q, Fan L, Chen W. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption and the potential protective strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1427-1452. [PMID: 33198506 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1843396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oral antibiotic therapies administered widely to people and animals can cause gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption inevitably. Increasing attention has been directed toward antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, which involves a loss of diversity, changes in the abundances of certain taxa and consequent effects on their metabolic capacity, and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Treatment with beta-lactam, glycopeptide, and macrolide antibiotics is associated with the depletion of beneficial commensal bacteria in the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The gut microbiota is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, the prevalence of which increases sharply after antibiotic ingestion. The intestinal barrier, which comprises secretory, physical, and immunological barriers, is also a target of antibiotics. Antibiotic induced changes in the gut microbiota composition could induce weakening of the gut barrier through changes in mucin, cytokine, and antimicrobial peptide production by intestinal epithelial cells. Reports have indicated that dietary interventions involving prebiotics, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and butyrate supplementation, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation, can alleviate antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier injuries. This review summarizes the characteristics of antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption, as well as the strategies for alleviating this condition. This information is intended to provide a foundation for the exploration of safer, more efficient, and affordable strategies to prevent or relieve antibiotic-induced gut injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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128
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Grainha T, Jorge P, Alves D, Lopes SP, Pereira MO. Unraveling Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans Communication in Coinfection Scenarios: Insights Through Network Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:550505. [PMID: 33262953 PMCID: PMC7686562 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.550505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine is currently facing huge setbacks concerning infection therapeutics as microorganisms are consistently knocking down every antimicrobial wall set before them. The situation becomes more worrying when taking into account that, in both environmental and disease scenarios, microorganisms present themselves as biofilm communities that are often polymicrobial. This comprises a competitive advantage, with interactions between different species altering host responses, antimicrobial effectiveness, microbial pathogenesis and virulence, usually augmenting the severity of the infection and contributing for the recalcitrance towards conventional therapy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are two opportunistic pathogens often co-isolated from infections, mainly from mucosal tissues like the lung. Despite the billions of years of co-existence, this pair of microorganisms is a great example on how little is known about cross-kingdom interactions, particularly within the context of coinfections. Given the described scenario, this study aimed to collect, curate, and analyze all published experimental information on the molecular basis of P. aeruginosa and C. albicans interactions in biofilms, in order to shed light into key mechanisms that may affect infection prognosis, increasing this area of knowledge. Publications were optimally retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science and classified as to their relevance. Data was then systematically and manually curated, analyzed, and further reconstructed as networks. A total of 641 interactions between the two pathogens were annotated, outputting knowledge on important molecular players affecting key virulence mechanisms, such as hyphal growth, and related genes and proteins, constituting potential therapeutic targets for infections related to these bacterial-fungal consortia. Contrasting interactions were also analyzed, and quorum-sensing inhibition approaches were highlighted. All annotated data was made publicly available at www.ceb.uminho.pt/ISCTD, a database already containing similar data for P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus communication. This will allow researchers to cut on time and effort when studying this particular subject, facilitating the understanding of the basis of the inter-species and inter-kingdom interactions and how it can be modulated to help design alternative and more effective tailored therapies. Finally, data deposition will serve as base for future dataset integration, whose analysis will hopefully give insights into communications in more complex and varied biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Grainha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Jorge
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Alves
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Patrícia Lopes
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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129
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Poh WH, Lin J, Colley B, Müller N, Goh BC, Schleheck D, El Sahili A, Marquardt A, Liang Y, Kjelleberg S, Lescar J, Rice SA, Klebensberger J. The SiaABC threonine phosphorylation pathway controls biofilm formation in response to carbon availability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241019. [PMID: 33156827 PMCID: PMC7647112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of bacterial biofilms in chronic human infections calls for novel anti-biofilm strategies targeting the regulation of biofilm development. However, the regulation of biofilm development is very complex and can include multiple, highly interconnected signal transduction/response pathways, which are incompletely understood. We demonstrated previously that in the opportunistic, human pathogen P. aeruginosa, the PP2C-like protein phosphatase SiaA and the di-guanylate cyclase SiaD control the formation of macroscopic cellular aggregates, a type of suspended biofilms, in response to surfactant stress. In this study, we demonstrate that the SiaABC proteins represent a signal response pathway that functions through a partner switch mechanism to control biofilm formation. We also demonstrate that SiaABCD functionality is dependent on carbon substrate availability for a variety of substrates, and that upon carbon starvation, SiaB mutants show impaired dispersal, in particular with the primary fermentation product ethanol. This suggests that carbon availability is at least one of the key environmental cues integrated by the SiaABCD system. Further, our biochemical, physiological and crystallographic data reveals that the phosphatase SiaA and its kinase counterpart SiaB balance the phosphorylation status of their target protein SiaC at threonine 68 (T68). Crystallographic analysis of the SiaA-PP2C domain shows that SiaA is present as a dimer. Dynamic modelling of SiaA with SiaC suggested that SiaA interacts strongly with phosphorylated SiaC and dissociates rapidly upon dephosphorylation of SiaC. Further, we show that the known phosphatase inhibitor fumonisin inhibits SiaA mediated phosphatase activity in vitro. In conclusion, the present work improves our understanding of how P. aeuruginosa integrates specific environmental conditions, such as carbon availability and surfactant stress, to regulate cellular aggregation and biofilm formation. With the biochemical and structural characterization of SiaA, initial data on the catalytic inhibition of SiaA, and the interaction between SiaA and SiaC, our study identifies promising targets for the development of biofilm-interference drugs to combat infections of this aggressive opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Han Poh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianqing Lin
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brendan Colley
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolai Müller
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Boon Chong Goh
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Schleheck
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Abbas El Sahili
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Marquardt
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yang Liang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julien Lescar
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janosch Klebensberger
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Stuttgart, Germany
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130
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Latour X. The Evanescent GacS Signal. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111746. [PMID: 33172195 PMCID: PMC7695008 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The GacS histidine kinase is the membrane sensor of the major upstream two-component system of the regulatory Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway. This pathway governs the expression of a wide range of genes in pseudomonads and controls bacterial fitness and motility, tolerance to stress, biofilm formation, and virulence or plant protection. Despite the importance of these roles, the ligands binding to the sensor domain of GacS remain unknown, and their identification is an exciting challenge in this domain. At high population densities, the GacS signal triggers a switch from primary to secondary metabolism and a change in bacterial lifestyle. It has been suggested, based on these observations, that the GacS signal is a marker of the emergence of nutritional stress and competition. Biochemical investigations have yet to characterize the GacS signal fully. However, they portray this cue as a low-molecular weight, relatively simple and moderately apolar metabolite possibly resembling, but nevertheless different, from the aliphatic organic acids acting as quorum-sensing signaling molecules in other Proteobacteria. Significant progress in the development of metabolomic tools and new databases dedicated to Pseudomonas metabolism should help to unlock some of the last remaining secrets of GacS induction, making it possible to control the Gac/Rsm pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Latour
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), Normandy University (University of Rouen Normandy), 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France;
- Research Federation NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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131
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Narváez-Barragán DA, Tovar-Herrera OE, Segovia L, Serrano M, Martinez-Anaya C. Expansin-related proteins: biology, microbe-plant interactions and associated plant-defense responses. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:1007-1018. [PMID: 33141007 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Expansins, cerato-platanins and swollenins (which we will henceforth refer to as expansin-related proteins) are a group of microbial proteins involved in microbe-plant interactions. Although they share very low sequence similarity, some of their composing domains are near-identical at the structural level. Expansin-related proteins have their target in the plant cell wall, in which they act through a non-enzymatic, but still uncharacterized, mechanism. In most cases, mutagenesis of expansin-related genes affects plant colonization or plant pathogenesis of different bacterial and fungal species, and thus, in many cases they are considered virulence factors. Additionally, plant treatment with expansin-related proteins activate several plant defenses resulting in the priming and protection towards subsequent pathogen encounters. Plant-defence responses induced by these proteins are reminiscent of pattern-triggered immunity or hypersensitive response in some cases. Plant immunity to expansin-related proteins could be caused by the following: (i) protein detection by specific host-cell receptors, (ii) alterations to the cell-wall-barrier properties sensed by the host, (iii) displacement of cell-wall polysaccharides detected by the host. Expansin-related proteins may also target polysaccharides on the wall of the microbes that produced them under certain physiological instances. Here, we review biochemical, evolutionary and biological aspects of these relatively understudied proteins and different immune responses they induce in plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia A Narváez-Barragán
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62110 Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Omar E Tovar-Herrera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Marcus Family Campus, BeerSheva, Israel
| | - Lorenzo Segovia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62110 Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62110 Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Claudia Martinez-Anaya
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62110 Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
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132
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The Peptide Chain Release Factor Methyltransferase PrmC Influences the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 Endo- and Exometabolome. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100417. [PMID: 33080992 PMCID: PMC7650828 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and understanding its virulence is the key to effective control of P. aeruginosa infections. The regulatory network governing virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa is exceptionally complex. Previous studies have shown that the peptide chain release factor methyltransferase PrmC plays an important role in bacterial pathogenicity. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. In this study, we used untargeted liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to characterise the metabolome of a prmC defective P. aeruginosa PA14 strain in comparison with the corresponding strain complemented with prmC in trans. The comprehensive metabolomics data provided new insight into the influence of prmC on virulence and metabolism. prmC deficiency had broad effects on the endo- and exometabolome of P. aeruginosa PA14, with a marked decrease of the levels of aromatic compounds accompanied by reduced precursor supply from the shikimate pathway. Furthermore, a pronounced decrease of phenazine production was observed as well as lower abundance of alkylquinolones. Unexpectedly, the metabolomics data showed no prmC-dependent effect on rhamnolipid production and an increase in pyochelin levels. A putative virulence biomarker identified in a previous study was significantly less abundant in the prmC deficient strain.
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133
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Beasley KL, Cristy SA, Elmassry MM, Dzvova N, Colmer-Hamood JA, Hamood AN. During bacteremia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 adapts by altering the expression of numerous virulence genes including those involved in quorum sensing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240351. [PMID: 33057423 PMCID: PMC7561203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors and causes serious infections in trauma patients and patients with severe burns. We previously showed that the growth of P. aeruginosa in blood from severely burned or trauma patients altered the expression of numerous genes. However, the specific influence of whole blood from healthy volunteers on P. aeruginosa gene expression is not known. Transcriptome analysis of P. aeruginosa grown for 4 h in blood from healthy volunteers compared to that when grown in laboratory medium revealed that the expression of 1085 genes was significantly altered. Quorum sensing (QS), QS-related, and pyochelin synthesis genes were downregulated, while genes of the type III secretion system and those for pyoverdine synthesis were upregulated. The observed effect on the QS and QS-related genes was shown to reside within serum fraction: growth of PAO1 in the presence of 10% human serum from healthy volunteers significantly reduced the expression of QS and QS-regulated genes at 2 and 4 h of growth but significantly enhanced their expression at 8 h. Additionally, the production of QS-regulated virulence factors, including LasA and pyocyanin, was also influenced by the presence of human serum. Serum fractionation experiments revealed that part of the observed effect resides within the serum fraction containing <10-kDa proteins. Growth in serum reduced the production of many PAO1 outer membrane proteins but enhanced the production of others including OprF, a protein previously shown to play a role in the regulation of QS gene expression. These results suggest that factor(s) within human serum: 1) impact P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by influencing the expression of different genes; 2) differentially regulate the expression of QS and QS-related genes in a growth phase- or time-dependent mechanism; and 3) manipulate the production of P. aeruginosa outer membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsie L. Beasley
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Shane A. Cristy
- Honors College, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Nyaradzo Dzvova
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Jane A. Colmer-Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Abdul N. Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
- * E-mail:
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134
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Shaker B, Ahmad S, Thai TD, Eyun SI, Na D. Rational Drug Design for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PqsA Enzyme: An in silico Guided Study to Block Biofilm Formation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:577316. [PMID: 33195420 PMCID: PMC7593710 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.577316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium implicated in acute and chronic nosocomial infections and a leading cause of patient mortality. Such infections occur owing to biofilm formation that confers multidrug resistance and enhanced pathogenesis to the bacterium. In this study, we used a rational drug design strategy to inhibit the quorum signaling system of P. aeruginosa by designing potent inhibitory lead molecules against anthranilate-CoA ligase enzyme encoded by the pqsA gene. This enzyme produces autoinducers for cell-to-cell communication, which result in biofilm formation, and thus plays a pivotal role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. A library of potential drug molecules was prepared by performing ligand-based screening using an available set of enzyme inhibitors. Subsequently, structure-based virtual screening was performed to identify compounds showing the best binding conformation with the target enzyme and forming a stable complex. The two hit compounds interact with the binding site of the enzyme through multiple short-range hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamic simulation and MM-PBSA/GBSA results to calculate the affinity and stability of the hit compounds with the PqsA enzyme further confirmed their strong interactions. The hit compounds might be useful in tackling the resistant phenotypes of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Shaker
- 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Thi Duc Thai
- 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-il Eyun
- 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dokyun Na
- 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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135
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Abdel-Rhman SH, Rizk DE, Abdelmegeed ES. Effect of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Tyrosol and EDTA on Quorum Sensing and Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3501-3511. [PMID: 33116669 PMCID: PMC7550211 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s264805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a dangerous pathogen, as it causes many human diseases, besides that it is resistant to almost all types of antibacterial agents. So, new strategies to overcome P. aeruginosa infection have evolved to attenuate its virulence factors and inhibit its quorum-sensing (QS) activity. Purpose This study investigated the effect of tyrosol and EDTA as anti-quorum-sensing and antivirulence agents against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Methods Anti-quorum activity of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of tyrosol and EDTA was tested using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV 12,472) biosensor bioassay. Miller assay was used to assess the inhibition of QS signal molecules by β-galactosidase activity determination. Also, their effects on the production of protease, lipase, lecithinase, and motility were tested. The inhibitory effects of these molecules on QS regulatory genes and exotoxins genes expression were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results Tyrosol and EDTA at sub-MICs inhibited the production of violacein pigment. Both compounds inhibited QS molecules production and their associated virulence factors (protease, lipase, lecithinase, and motility) (P≤ 0.05). Besides, the expression levels of QS regulatory genes (lasI, lasR, rhƖI, rhIR, pqsA, and pqsR) and exotoxins genes (exoS and exoY) were significantly reduced (P≤ 0.05). Conclusion Both tyrosol and EDTA can be used to fight P. aeruginosa infection as anti-quorum-sensing and antivirulence agents at their sub-MICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa H Abdel-Rhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, AlMadinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina E Rizk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman S Abdelmegeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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136
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Shahid MK, Kashif A, Rout PR, Aslam M, Fuwad A, Choi Y, Banu J R, Park JH, Kumar G. A brief review of anaerobic membrane bioreactors emphasizing recent advancements, fouling issues and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110909. [PMID: 32721343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent development and studies of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to control fouling issues. AnMBR is an emerging waste water treatment technology mainly because of its low sludge residual, high volumetric organic removal rate, complete liquid-solid separation, better effluent quality, efficient resource recovery and the small footprint. This paper surveys the fundamental aspects of AnMBRs, including its applications, membrane configurations, and recent progress for enhanced reactor performance. Furthermore, the membrane fouling, a major restriction in the practical application of AnMBR, its mechanism and antifouling strategies like membrane cleaning, quorum quenching, ultrasonic treatment, membrane modifications, and antifouling agents are briefly discussed. Based on the review, the key issues that require urgent attention to facilitate large scale and integrated application of AnMBR technology are identified and future research perspectives relating to the prevalent issues are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Shahid
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Senior Health Care, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Prangya Ranjan Rout
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Fuwad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyun Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anam Campus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Norway.
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137
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Begić M, Josić D. Biofilm formation and extracellular microvesicles-The way of foodborne pathogens toward resistance. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1718-1739. [PMID: 32901923 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost all known foodborne pathogens are able to form biofilms as one of the strategies for survival under harsh living conditions, to ward off the inhibition and the disinfection during food production, transport and storage, as well as during cleaning and sanitation of corresponding facilities. Biofilms are communities where microbial cells live under constant intracellular interaction and communication. Members of the biofilm community are embedded into extracellular matrix that contains polysaccharides, DNA, lipids, proteins, and small molecules that protect microorganisms and enable their intercellular communication under stress conditions. Membrane vesicles (MVs) are produced by both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. These lipid membrane-enveloped nanoparticles play an important role in biofilm genesis and in communication between different biofilm members. Furthermore, MVs are involved in other important steps of bacterial life like cell wall modeling, cellular division, and intercellular communication. They also carry toxins and virulence factors, as well as nucleic acids and different metabolites, and play a key role in host infections. After entering host cells, MVs can start many pathologic processes and cause serious harm and cell death. Prevention and inhibition of both biofilm formation and shedding of MVs by foodborne pathogens has a very important role in food production, storage, and food safety in general. Better knowledge of biofilm formation and maintaining, as well as the role of microbial vesicles in this process and in the process of host cells' infection is essential for food safety and prevention of both food spoilage and host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Begić
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Djuro Josić
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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138
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Shao X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Wu M, Wang X, Deng X. Novel therapeutic strategies for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1403-1423. [PMID: 32880507 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1803274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent infections caused by the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents are huge threats to patients with cystic fibrosis as well as those with compromised immune systems. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has posed a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches, which show limited efficacy and cause serious side effects. The public demand for new antibiotics is enormous; yet, drug development pipelines have started to run dry with limited targets available for inventing new antibacterial drugs. Consequently, it is important to uncover potential therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED The authors review the current state of drug development strategies that are promising in terms of the development of novel and potent drugs to treat P. aeruginosa infection. EXPERT OPINION The prevention of P. aeruginosa infection is increasingly challenging. Furthermore, targeting key virulence regulators has great potential for developing novel anti-P. aeruginosa drugs. Additional promising strategies include bacteriophage therapy, immunotherapies, and antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, the authors believe that in the coming years, the overall network of molecular regulatory mechanism of P. aeruginosa virulence will be fully elucidated, which will provide more novel and promising drug targets for treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen, China
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139
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Sass G, Nazik H, Chatterjee P, Stevens DA. Under nonlimiting iron conditions pyocyanin is a major antifungal molecule, and differences between prototypic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Med Mycol 2020; 59:453-464. [PMID: 32827431 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Airways of immunocompromised patients, or individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), are common ground for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus infections. Hence, in such a microenvironment both pathogens compete for resources. While under limiting iron conditions the siderophore pyoverdine is the most effective antifungal P. aeruginosa product, we now provide evidence that under nonlimiting iron conditions P. aeruginosa supernatants lack pyoverdine but still possess considerable antifungal activity. Spectrometric analyses of P. aeruginosa supernatants revealed the presence of phenazines, such as pyocyanin, only under nonlimiting iron conditions. Supernatants of quorum sensing mutants of strain PA14, defective in phenazine production, as well as supernatants of the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, lacked pyocyanin, and were less inhibitory toward A. fumigatus biofilms under nonlimiting iron conditions. When blood as a natural source of iron was present during P. aeruginosa supernatant production, pyoverdine was absent, and phenazines, including pyocyanin, appeared, resulting in an antifungal effect on A. fumigatus biofilms. Pure pyocyanin reduced A. fumigatus biofilm metabolism. In summary, P. aeruginosa has mechanisms to compete with A. fumigatus under limiting and non-limiting iron conditions, and can switch from iron-denial-based to toxin-based antifungal activity. This has implications for the evolution of the microbiome in clinical settings where the two pathogens co-exist. Important differences in the iron response of P. aeruginosa laboratory strains PA14 and PAO1 were also uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sass
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Hasan Nazik
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
| | | | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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140
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Kramer J, López Carrasco MÁ, Kümmerli R. Positive linkage between bacterial social traits reveals that homogeneous rather than specialised behavioral repertoires prevail in natural Pseudomonas communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5643885. [PMID: 31769782 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria frequently cooperate by sharing secreted metabolites such as enzymes and siderophores. The expression of such 'public good' traits can be interdependent, and studies on laboratory systems have shown that trait linkage affects eco-evolutionary dynamics within bacterial communities. Here, we examine whether linkage among social traits occurs in natural habitats by examining investment levels and correlations between five public goods (biosurfactants, biofilm components, proteases, pyoverdines and toxic compounds) in 315 Pseudomonas isolates from soil and freshwater communities. Our phenotypic assays revealed that (i) social trait expression profiles varied dramatically; (ii) correlations between traits were frequent, exclusively positive and sometimes habitat-specific; and (iii) heterogeneous (specialised) trait repertoires were rarer than homogeneous (unspecialised) repertoires. Our results show that most isolates lie on a continuum between a 'social' type producing multiple public goods, and an 'asocial' type showing low investment into social traits. This segregation could reflect local adaptation to different microhabitats, or emerge from interactions between different social strategies. In the latter case, our findings suggest that the scope for competition among unspecialised isolates exceeds the scope for mutualistic exchange of different public goods between specialised isolates. Overall, our results indicate that complex interdependencies among social traits shape microbial lifestyles in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Kramer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Ángel López Carrasco
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rolf Kümmerli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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141
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Meng S, Meng X, Fan W, Liang D, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu Y. The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in membrane fouling: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115930. [PMID: 32470713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) as gel-like particulate acidic polysaccharide have been commonly found in marine, surface water and wastewater. Currently, increasing interest has been devoted to TEP-associated membrane fouling in different membrane systems for water and wastewater treatment, thus this review attempts to provide a holistic view and critical analysis with regard to the definition, formation, detection and properties of TEP, which could ultimately determine its fouling potential. It appears that there is not a common consensus on the actual role of TEP in membrane fouling development due to the subjective definition and highly debatable detection method of TEP. It was clearly demonstrated in this review that the formation of TEP was largely related to cations in water and wastewater which indeed determined the cross-linking degree of precursor materials (e.g. polysaccharides) via intermolecular interactions, and subsequently the quantity of TEP formed. The binding between cations ions (e.g. monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations) and polysaccharide not only depends on the functional groups of polysaccharide, but also its spatial configuration. These in turn suggest that the formation, property and ultimate fouling potential of TEP would be closely related to the type and concentration of cations, while well explaining the controversial reports on TEP-associated fouling in the literature. In addition, the fouling mechanisms of TEP are also elucidated with details in this review, including (i) the formation of TEP-associated gel layer on membrane surface; (ii) carrying microorganisms to membrane surface via protobiofilm and (iii) trapping of deformable TEP in membrane pores. Consequently, it is apparent that TEP is an ignored determinant of membrane fouling, which has not yet been seriously addressed in the design and operation of membrane systems for water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xianghao Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dawei Liang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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142
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Polyphenols and taste 2 receptors. Physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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143
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Drabinska J, Ziecina M, Modzelan M, Jagura‐Burdzy G, Kraszewska E. Individual Nudix hydrolases affect diverse features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1052. [PMID: 32419387 PMCID: PMC7424265 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nudix proteins catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate bonds in a variety of substrates and are ubiquitous in all domains of life. The genome of an important opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, encodes multiple Nudix proteins. To determine the role of nine Nudix hydrolases of the P. aeruginosa PAO1161 strain in its fitness, virulence or antibiotic resistance mutants devoid of individual enzymes were constructed and analyzed for growth rate, motility, biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and susceptibility to oxidative stress and different antibiotics. The potential effect on bacterial virulence was studied using the Caenorhabditis elegans-P. aeruginosa infection model. Of the nine mutants tested, five had an altered phenotype in comparison with the wild-type strain. The ΔPA3470, ΔPA3754, and ΔPA4400 mutants showed increased pyocyanin production, were more resistant to the β-lactam antibiotic piperacillin, and were more sensitive to killing by H2 O2 . In addition, ΔPA4400 and ΔPA5176 had impaired swarming motility and were less virulent for C. elegans. The ΔPA4841 had an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. These changes were reversed by providing the respective nudix gene in trans indicating that the observed phenotype alterations were indeed due to the lack of the particular Nudix protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Modzelan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PASWarsawPoland
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144
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Danaraj J, Mariasingarayan Y, Ayyappan S, Karuppiah V. Seagrass Halodule pinifolia active constituent 4-methoxybenzioic acid (4-MBA) inhibits quorum sensing mediated virulence production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104392. [PMID: 32711114 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm associated, multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection remain a challenging problem in the clinical field since the conventional antibiotic therapy are largely inefficient and new approaches are needed. Inactivating the QS virulence mechanism with anti-infective agent is an attractive approach to prevent bacterial infections without resistance development. Seagrass Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog has been shown to exhibit potential antimicrobial activities against harmful pathogens. Our study investigated the effects of seagrass H. pinifolia leaf extract and its bioactive constituents on QS-mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation in P. aerugonasa PAO1. Preliminary screening on antibiofilm activity showed that the methanolic extract of H. pinifolia exhibited potential inhibition of biofilm formation (96%) as compared to the control respectively. Further, the potential extract was column fractionated and the active fraction was characterized by GC-MS. In total eight active compounds (protocatacheuic acid (69.3%), rosmarinic acid (63.5%), caffeic acid (59.18%), p-coumaric acid (59.08%), 4-methoxybenzoic acid (53.19%), naringenin (52.9%), vanillic acid (49.19%), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (41.73%)) were profiled from fraction 2 and were purified by HPLC, structurally confirmed by NMR. Among the eight compounds studied, 4-methoxybenzoic acid (4-MBA) showed an effective inhibition of bacterial growth and was considered as a lead molecule with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 μg/mL. Further the effect of 4-MBA on QS mediated virulence factors demonstrated that the compound at MIC concentration reduced the virulence factor production such as elastase (87.5%), protease (79.38%), pyocyanin (91.46%), rhamnolipid (86%), alginate (86%), chitinase (55%), exopolysaccharide production (83.72%) and CSH (78.39%) over the control respectively. Moreover, 4-MBA down regulated the QS-mediated virulence transcript levels upon treatment with 4-MBA. The present findings suggests that seagrasses may act as a newer source for the marine based drug discovery and the lead compound 4-MBA derived from H. pinifolia may act as anti-infective agent against P. aeruginosa as it controls the QS-mediated virulence production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyapragash Danaraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Eachanari Post, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Yosuva Mariasingarayan
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Thangachimadam, Rameswaram, 623529, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saravanakumar Ayyappan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar Karuppiah
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu, India
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145
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Pip serves as an intermediate in RpoS-modulated phz2 expression and pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104409. [PMID: 32707314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyocyanin, a main virulence factor that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plays an important role in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Two copies of phenazine-biosynthetic operons on genome, phz1 (phzA1B1C1D1E1F1G1) and phz2 (phzA2B2C2D2E2F2G2), contribute to phenazine biosynthesis. In our previous study, we found that RpoS positively regulates expression of the phz2 operon and pyocyanin biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa PAO1. In this work, when a TetR-family regulator gene, pip, was knocked out, we found that pyocyanin production was dramatically reduced, indicating that Pip positively regulates pyocyanin biosynthesis. With further phenazines quantification and β-galactosidase assay, we confirmed that Pip positively regulates phz2 expression, but does not regulate phz1 expression. In addition, while the rpoS gene was deleted, expression of pip was down-regulated. Expression of rpoS in the wild-type PAO1 strain, however, was similar to that in the Pip-deficient mutant PAΔpip, suggesting that expression of pip could positively be regulated by RpoS, whereas rpoS could not be regulated by Pip. Taken together, we drew a conclusion that Pip might serve as an intermediate in RpoS-modulated expression of the phz2 operon and pyocyanin biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa.
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146
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Li J, Sun W, Saalim M, Wei G, Zaleta-Pinet DA, Clark BR. Isolation of 2-Alkyl-4-quinolones with Unusual Side Chains from a Chinese Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2294-2298. [PMID: 32603106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from Hebei, China, led to the isolation of a suite of quinolones, quinolone-N-oxides, and phenazines, the structures of which were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Most notable among the secondary metabolites isolated was an unprecedented 4-quinolone containing an S-methyl group in the side chain and a new derivative including a phenyl ring in the side chain, which expand significantly the variety of structural motifs found in the quinolones and raise interesting questions about their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saalim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Diana A Zaleta-Pinet
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Clark
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
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147
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Jeruzal-Świątecka J, Fendler W, Pietruszewska W. Clinical Role of Extraoral Bitter Taste Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5156. [PMID: 32708215 PMCID: PMC7404188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can recognise five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Sour and salty substances are linked to ion channels, while sweet, bitter and umami flavours are transmitted through receptors linked to the G protein (G protein-coupled receptors; GPCRs). There are two main types of GPCRs that transmit information about sweet, umami and bitter tastes-the Tas1r and TAS2R families. There are about 25 functional TAS2R genes coding bitter taste receptor proteins. They are found not only in the mouth and throat, but also in the intestines, brain, bladder and lower and upper respiratory tract. The determination of their purpose in these locations has become an inspiration for much research. Their presence has also been confirmed in breast cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells and neuroblastoma, revealing a promising new oncological marker. Polymorphisms of TAS2R38 have been proven to have an influence on the course of chronic rhinosinusitis and upper airway defensive mechanisms. TAS2R receptors mediate the bronchodilatory effect in human airway smooth muscle, which may lead to the creation of another medicine group used in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The discovery that functionally compromised TAS2R receptors negatively impact glucose homeostasis has produced a new area of diabetes research. In this article, we would like to focus on what facts have been already established in the matter of extraoral TAS2R receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jeruzal-Świątecka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wioletta Pietruszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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Sharifian P, Yaslianifard S, Fallah P, Aynesazi S, Bakhtiyari M, Mohammadzadeh M. Investigating the Effect of Nano-Curcumin on the Expression of Biofilm Regulatory Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2477-2484. [PMID: 32765020 PMCID: PMC7382584 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s263387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious nosocomial infections, especially in immunodeficient patients and cystic fibrosis, cancer, and burned individuals. The biofilm that plays an important role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa is under the regulation of quorum sensing and two-component regulatory systems of bacteria. Curcumin, an active phenolic extract of turmeric has shown an inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of some pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of Nano-Curcumin on the expression of major regulatory genes involved in biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 was assessed in the presence of 15, 20, and 25 µg/mL concentrations of Nano-Curcumin using the microplate titer method. The effect of Nano-Curcumin on the expression level of regulatory genes were determined by relative reverse transcriptase-realtime PCR. RESULTS In the absence of Nano-Curcumin, P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 10145 strongly produced biofilm (3+) and in the presence of 15 and 20 µg/mL, biofilm formation was reduced to moderate (2+) and weak biofilm producer (1+), respectively. Nano-Curcumin at a concentration of 25µg/mL inhibited biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. The expression of regulatory genes was not affected by biofilm inhibitory concentrations of Nano-Curcumin. CONCLUSION The antibiofilm mechanism of Curcumin is not related to the downregulation of regulatory systems of P. aeruginosa and probably it prevents the formation of a complete biofilm structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Sharifian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parviz Fallah
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Siavash Aynesazi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, North Branch, Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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149
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Wu Z, Zheng R, Zhang J, Wu S. Transcriptional profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in response to anti-biofilm and anti-infection agent exopolysaccharide EPS273. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:265-277. [PMID: 32619289 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Relatively, few anti-biofilm polysaccharides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were done to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Exopolysaccharide EPS273 can clearly reduce biofilm formation and infection of P. aeruginosa. This study aims to investigate its anti-biofilm and anti-infection mechanism on transcriptional level. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we used an RNA-Seq transcriptomic approach to investigate the underlying anti-biofilm and anti-infection mechanism of EPS273. The expression levels of a large number of genes were changed after P. aeruginosa PAO1 was treated with EPS273. Especially, the genes related to biofilm formation, such as gene involved in production of extracellular matrix and virulence factor, genes involved in flagella and cell motility and genes involved in iron acquisition. Notably, the expression levels of genes involved in regulatory and signal transduction were markedly downregulated, such as two-component system PhoP-PhoQ and quorum sensing (QS) system LasI/LasR and RhlI/RhlR. Furthermore, when genes phoP and phoQ were disrupted, respectively, the reduction of biofilm formation and cell motility in mutant △phoP or △phoQ was also detected. CONCLUSION EPS273 may exert its anti-biofilm and anti-infection function by downregulating gene expression of two-component system PhoP-PhoQ and QS systems LasI/LasR and RhlI/RhlR of P. aeruginosa, which further regulated expression of genes involved in biofilm formation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our data will expand understanding of anti-biofilm mechanisms of polysaccharides on transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - R Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - J Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - S Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Use of non-thermal plasma pre-treatment to enhance antibiotic action against mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:108. [PMID: 32656596 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP), generated at atmospheric pressure by DC cometary discharge with a metallic grid, and antibiotics (gentamicin-GTM, ceftazidime-CFZ and polymyxin B-PMB), either alone or in combination, were used to eradicate the mature biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Our aim was to find the conditions for NTP pre-treatment capable of enhancing the action of the antibiotics and thus reducing their effective concentrations. The NTP treatment increased the efficacy of relatively low concentrations of antibiotics. Generally, the highest effect was achieved with GTM, which was able to suppress the metabolic activity of pre-formed P. aeruginosa biofilms in the concentration range of 4-9 mg/L by up to 99%. In addition, an apparent decrease of biofilm-covered area was confirmed after combined NTP treatment and GTM action by SYTO®13 staining using fluorescence microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a complete eradication of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 mature biofilm from Ti-6Al-4V alloy when using 0.25 h NTP treatment and subsequent treatment by 8.5 mg/L GTM. Therefore, NTP may be used as a suitable antibiofilm agent in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections caused by this pathogen.
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