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Kadłubowska J, Malaguarnera L, Wąż P, Zorena K. Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy: Potential Approaches to Delay Neuronal Loss. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:831-839. [PMID: 27306035 PMCID: PMC5333588 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160614095559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/1970] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the extensive research the complex pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has not been fully elucidated. For many years it has been thought that diabetic retinopathy manifests only with microangiopathic lesions, which are totally responsible for the loss of vision in diabetic patients. In view of the current knowledge on the microangiopathic changes in the fundus of the eye, diabetic retinopathy is perceived as a neurodegenerative disease. Several clinical tools are available to detect neuronal dysfunction at early stages of diabetes. Many functional changes in the retina can be identified before vascular pathology develops, suggesting that they result from a direct effect of diabetes on the neural retina. In the course of diabetes there is a chronic loss of retinal neurons due to increased frequency of apoptosis. The neuronal apoptosis begins very early in the course of diabetes. This observation has led to suggestions that precautions against DR should be implemented immediately after diabetes is diagnosed. Neurodegeneration cannot be reversed; therefore treatments preventing neuronal cell loss in the retina need to be developed to protect diabetic patients. This review is an attempt to summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis in the context of diabetic retinopathy and vascular degeneration as well as about potential treatments of DR
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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102
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Toth P, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1-H20. [PMID: 27793855 PMCID: PMC5283909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00581.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies indicate that age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding and targeting the age-related pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in older individuals. Maintenance of cerebral perfusion, protecting the microcirculation from high pressure-induced damage and moment-to-moment adjustment of regional oxygen and nutrient supply to changes in demand are prerequisites for the prevention of cerebral ischemia and neuronal dysfunction. This overview discusses age-related alterations in three main regulatory paradigms involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF): cerebral autoregulation/myogenic constriction, endothelium-dependent vasomotor function, and neurovascular coupling responses responsible for functional hyperemia. The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in aging are explored, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, exacerbation of neurodegeneration, development of cerebral microhemorrhages, microvascular rarefaction, and ischemic neuronal dysfunction and damage. Due to the widespread attention that VCID has captured in recent years, the evidence for the causal role of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in cognitive decline is critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Toth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; and
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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103
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Done AJ, Traustadóttir T. Nrf2 mediates redox adaptations to exercise. Redox Biol 2016; 10:191-199. [PMID: 27770706 PMCID: PMC5078682 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the effects of acute exercise and regular exercise on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity and downstream targets of Nrf2 signaling. Nrf2 (encoded in humans by the NFE2L2 gene) is the master regulator of antioxidant defenses, a transcription factor that regulates expression of more than 200 cytoprotective genes. Increasing evidence indicates that Nrf2 signaling plays a key role in how oxidative stress mediates the beneficial effects of exercise. Episodic increases in oxidative stress induced through bouts of acute exercise stimulate Nrf2 activation and when applied repeatedly, as with regular exercise, leads to upregulation of endogenous antioxidant defenses and overall greater ability to counteract the damaging effects of oxidative stress. The evidence of Nrf2 activation in response to exercise across variety of tissues may be an important mechanism of how exercise exerts its well-known systemic effects that are not limited to skeletal muscle and myocardium. Additionally there are emerging data that results from animal studies translate to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Done
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
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104
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Sweat RS, Sloas DC, Stewart SA, Czarny-Ratajczak M, Baddoo M, Eastwood JR, Suarez-Martinez AD, Azimi MS, Burks HE, Chedister LO, Myers L, Murfee WL. Aging is associated with impaired angiogenesis, but normal microvascular network structure, in the rat mesentery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H275-H284. [PMID: 27864233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00200.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A big problem associated with aging is thought to be impaired microvascular growth or angiogenesis. However, to link the evidence for impaired angiogenesis to microvascular dysfunction in aged tissues, we must compare adult vs. aged microvascular networks in unstimulated scenarios. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that aged microvascular networks are characterized by both fewer vessels and the impaired ability to undergo angiogenesis. Mesentery tissues from adult (9-mo) and aged (24-mo) male Fischer 344 rats were harvested and immunolabeled for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (an endothelial cell marker) according to two scenarios: unstimulated and stimulated. For unstimulated groups, tissues harvested from adult and aged rats were compared. For stimulated groups, tissues were harvested 3 or 10 days after compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation stimulation. Unstimulated aged microvascular networks displayed larger mean vascular area per tissue area compared with the unstimulated adult networks. The lack of a decrease in vessel density was supported at the gene expression level with RNA-Seq analysis and with comparison of vessel densities in soleus muscle. Following stimulation, capillary sprouting and vessel density were impaired in aged networks at 3 and 10 days, respectively. Our results suggest that aging associated with impaired angiogenesis mechanisms might not influence normal microvascular function, since unstimulated aged microvascular networks can display a "normal adult-like" vessel density and architecture. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a multidimensional approach, we present evidence supporting that aged microvascular networks display vessel density and patterning similar to adult networks despite also being characterized by a decreased capacity to undergo angiogenesis. Thus, vessel loss is not necessarily a characteristic of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David C Sloas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Scott A Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Melody Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - James R Eastwood
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Mohammad S Azimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lee O Chedister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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105
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Ghosh AK, Mau T, O'Brien M, Garg S, Yung R. Impaired autophagy activity is linked to elevated ER-stress and inflammation in aging adipose tissue. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:2525-2537. [PMID: 27777379 PMCID: PMC5115904 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction in aging is associated with inflammation, metabolic syndrome and other diseases. We propose that impaired protein homeostasis due to compromised lysosomal degradation (micro-autophagy) might promote aberrant ER stress response and inflammation in aging adipose tissue. Using C57BL/6 mouse model, we demonstrate that adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from old (18-20 months) mice have reduced expression of autophagy markers as compared to the younger (4-6 months) cohort. Elevated expressions of ER-stress marker CHOP and autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 are observed in old SVFs compared to young, when treated with either vehicle or with thapsigargin (Tg), an ER stress inducer. Treatment with bafilomycin A1 (Baf), a vacuolar-type H (+)-ATPase, or Tg elevated expressions of CHOP, and SQSTM1/p62 and LC-3-II, in 3T3-L1-preadipocytes. We also demonstrate impaired autophagy activity in old SVFs by analyzing increased accumulation of autophagy substrates LC3-II and p62. Compromised autophagy activity in old SVFs is correlated with enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1. Finally, SVFs from calorie restricted old mice (CR-O) have shown enhanced autophagy activity compared to ad libitum fed old mice (AL-O). Our results support the notion that diminished autophagy activity with aging contributes to increased adipose tissue ER stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Kumar Ghosh
- Division of Geriatric- and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa Mau
- Division of Geriatric- and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin O'Brien
- Division of Geriatric- and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Division of Geriatric- and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatric- and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Care Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Health System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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106
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Tarantini S, Giles CB, Wren JD, Ashpole NM, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Wei JY, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. IGF-1 deficiency in a critical period early in life influences the vascular aging phenotype in mice by altering miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation: implications for the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:239-258. [PMID: 27566308 PMCID: PMC5061677 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological findings support the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, suggesting that early-life hormonal influences during a sensitive period of development have a fundamental impact on vascular health later in life. The endocrine changes that occur during development are highly conserved across mammalian species and include dramatic increases in circulating IGF-1 levels during adolescence. The present study was designed to characterize the effect of developmental IGF-1 deficiency on the vascular aging phenotype. To achieve that goal, early-onset endocrine IGF-1 deficiency was induced in mice by knockdown of IGF-1 in the liver using Cre-lox technology (Igf1 f/f mice crossed with mice expressing albumin-driven Cre recombinase). This model exhibits low-circulating IGF-1 levels during the peripubertal phase of development, which is critical for the biology of aging. Due to the emergence of miRNAs as important regulators of the vascular aging phenotype, the effect of early-life IGF-1 deficiency on miRNA expression profile in the aorta was examined in animals at 27 months of age. We found that developmental IGF-1 deficiency elicits persisting late-life changes in miRNA expression in the vasculature, which significantly differed from those in mice with adult-onset IGF-1 deficiency (TBG-Cre-AAV8-mediated knockdown of IGF-1 at 5 month of age in Igf1 f/f mice). Using a novel computational approach, we identified miRNA target genes that are co-expressed with IGF-1 and associate with aging and vascular pathophysiology. We found that among the predicted targets, the expression of multiple extracellular matrix-related genes, including collagen-encoding genes, were downregulated in mice with developmental IGF-1 deficiency. Collectively, IGF-1 deficiency during a critical period during early in life results in persistent changes in post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated control of genes critical targets for vascular health, which likely contribute to the deleterious late-life cardiovascular effects known to occur with developmental IGF-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cory B Giles
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Reynolds Institute on Aging and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, 4301 West Markham Street, No. 748, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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107
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Jovanovic I, Zivkovic M, Kostic M, Krstic Z, Djuric T, Kolic I, Alavantic D, Stankovic A. Transcriptome-wide based identification of miRs in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in children: the significant upregulation of tissue miR-144 expression. J Transl Med 2016; 14:193. [PMID: 27364533 PMCID: PMC4929761 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic cause of most congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) cases remains unknown, therefore the novel approaches in searching for the common disease denominators are required. miRs regulate gene expression in humans and therefore have potentially therapeutic and biomarker properties. No studies thus far have attempted to explore the miRs in human CAKUT. We applied a new strategy to identify most specific miRs associated with CAKUT, in pediatric patients. METHODS Data from the whole genome expression, gathered from ureter tissue samples of 19 patients and 7 controls, were used for the bioinformatic prediction of miRs activity in CAKUT. We integrated microarray gene expression data and miR target predictions from multiple prediction algorithms using Co-inertia analysis (CIA) in conjunction with correspondence analysis and between group analysis, to produce a ranked list of miRs associated with CAKUT. The CIA included five different sequence based miR target prediction algorithms and the Co-expression Meta-analysis of miR Targets. For the experimental validation of expression of miRs identified by the CIA we used tissue from 36 CAKUT patients and 9 controls. The results of gene ontology (GO) analysis on co-expressed targets of miRs associated with CAKUT were used for the selection of putative biological processes relevant to CAKUT. RESULTS We identified 7 miRs with a potential role in CAKUT. The top ranked miRs from miRCos communities 4, 1 and 7 were chosen for experimental validation of expression in CAKUT tissue. The 5.7 fold increase of hsa-miR-144 expression in human tissue from CAKUT patients compared to controls (p = 0.005) was observed. From the GO we selected 7 biological processes that could contribute to CAKUT, which genes are potentially influenced by hsa-miR-144. The hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-183 and hsa-miR-375 weren't differentially expressed in CAKUT. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that integrative approach applied here was useful in identification of the miRs associated with CAKUT. The hsa-miR-144, first time identified in CAKUT, could be connected with biological processes crucial for normal development of kidney and urinary tract. Further functional analysis must follow to reveal the impact of hsa-miR-144 on CAKUT occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Kostic
- Nephrology and Urology Departments, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Krstic
- Nephrology and Urology Departments, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Djuric
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Kolic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Alavantic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stankovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
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108
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Lopez-Ramirez MA, Reijerkerk A, de Vries HE, Romero IA. Regulation of brain endothelial barrier function by microRNAs in health and neuroinflammation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2662-72. [PMID: 27118674 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600435rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells constitute the major cellular element of the highly specialized blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thereby contribute to CNS homeostasis by restricting entry of circulating leukocytes and blood-borne molecules into the CNS. Therefore, compromised function of brain endothelial cells has serious consequences for BBB integrity. This has been associated with early events in the pathogenesis of several disorders that affect the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis, HIV-associated neurologic disorder, and stroke. Recent studies demonstrate that brain endothelial microRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of BBB function under normal and neuroinflammatory conditions. This review will focus on emerging evidence that indicates that brain endothelial microRNAs regulate barrier function and orchestrate various phases of the neuroinflammatory response, including endothelial activation in response to cytokines as well as restoration of inflamed endothelium into a quiescent state. In particular, we discuss novel microRNA regulatory mechanisms and their contribution to cellular interactions at the neurovascular unit that influence the overall function of the BBB in health and during neuroinflammation.-Lopez-Ramirez, M. A., Reijerkerk, A., de Vries, H. E., Romero, I. A. Regulation of brain endothelial barrier function by microRNAs in health and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga E de Vries
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Andres Romero
- Department of Life, Health, and Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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109
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Wang Q, Li H, Wang FX, Gao L, Qin JC, Liu JG, Wei Y, Liu MX. Huannao Yicong Decoction () extract reduces inflammation and cell apoptosis in Aβ 1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease model of rats. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:672-680. [PMID: 27022730 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huannao Yicong Decoction (, HYD), an effective herbal formula against Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been proven to have neuroprotective action in amyloid β-protein1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced rat model. This study was designed to characterize mechanisms by which HYD leads to suppression of inflflammation and apoptosis in the brains of Aβ1-42-induced rat. METHODS A total of 72 rats were divided into 6 groups, which were referred to as: sham operation group, model group, donepezil-treated group, HYD low-dose group (HYDL), HYD middle-dose group (HYDM) and HYD high-dose group (HYDH). Rats in HYDL, HYDM and HYDH were injected with Aβ1-42 at the CA1 region of hippocampus to form AD model and were fed the HYD extract at different dose of 3.78, 7.56 and 18.90 g crude drug/kg. The behavioral changes of rats were evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) before sacrififice. Pathological changes of the brain tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels of Aβ and proteins that are associated with apoptosis such as B-cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase)-3, -8, -9 and -12 in serum were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group, the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD rats were signifificantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01; Expressions of IL-1, TNF-α, Aβ and apoptosis-signaling proteins caspase-3, -8, -9, -12 were signifificantly up-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were signifificantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). When treated with HYD extract, the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD-model rats were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), IL-1, TNF-α, Aβ, caspase-3, -8, -9 and -12 were down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS HYD extract can improve the learning and memory ability defificits, alleviate the inflflammatory response and pathological manifestations induced by Aβ1-42 injection in the rat model of AD. HYD down-regulates the levels of IL-1, TNF-α and Aβ, and decreases the rate of apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-signaling-related proteins such as caspase-3, -8, -9, and -12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Li
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Fei-Xue Wang
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ji-Chang Qin
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Gang Liu
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mei-Xia Liu
- Gerontology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
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Maurya PK, Noto C, Rizzo LB, Rios AC, Nunes SOV, Barbosa DS, Sethi S, Zeni M, Mansur RB, Maes M, Brietzke E. The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in accelerated aging and major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:134-44. [PMID: 26348786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of individuals and is highly comorbid with many age associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immune-inflammatory dysregulation and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. In this review, we critically review the evidence for an involvement of oxidative/nitrosative stress in acceleration of aging process in MDD. There are evidence of the association between MDD and changes in molecular mechanisms involved in aging. There is a significant association between telomere length, enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nuclear factor κB, inflammatory cytokines with MDD. Major depression also is characterized by significantly lower concentration of antioxidants (zinc, coenzyme Q10, PON1). Since, aging and MDD share a common biological base in their pathophysiology, the potential therapeutic use of antioxidants and anti-aging molecules in MDD could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adiel C Rios
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra O V Nunes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sumit Sethi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Deak F, Freeman WM, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Sonntag WE. Recent Developments in Understanding Brain Aging: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:13-20. [PMID: 26590911 PMCID: PMC4851715 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population of the Western world is aging, there is increasing awareness of age-related impairments in cognitive function and a rising interest in finding novel approaches to preserve cerebral health. A special collection of articles in The Journals of Gerontology: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences brings together information of different aspects of brain aging, from latest developments in the field of neurodegenerative disorders to cerebral microvascular mechanisms of cognitive decline. It is emphasized that although the cellular changes that occur within aging neurons have been widely studied, more research is required as new signaling pathways are discovered that can potentially protect cells. New avenues for research targeting cellular senescence, epigenetics, and endocrine mechanisms of brain aging are also discussed. Based on the current literature it is clear that understanding brain aging and reducing risk for neurological disease with age requires searching for mechanisms and treatment options beyond the age-related changes in neuronal function. Thus, comprehensive approaches need to be developed that address the multiple, interrelated mechanisms of brain aging. Attention is brought to the importance of maintenance of cerebromicrovascular health, restoring neuroendocrine balance, and the pressing need for funding more innovative research into the interactions of neuronal, neuroendocrine, inflammatory and microvascular mechanisms of cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Deak
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
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Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, Shiels PG. Nutrients and ageing: what can we learn about ageing interactions from animal biology? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:19-25. [PMID: 26485336 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many prevalent clinical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary, and cardiovascular disease associate with features of premature ageing, such as muscle wasting, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerosis. Studies on various animal models have shown that caloric restriction prolongs lifespan. Studies of animals with unusual long or short life for their body size may also contribute to better understanding of ageing processes. The aim of the present article is to review what we can learn about nutritional modulations and ageing interactions from animal biology. RECENT FINDINGS Caloric restriction is a powerful intervention that increases longevity in animals ranging from short-lived species, such as worms and flies, to primates. As long-term studies on caloric restriction are not feasible to conduct in humans, much interest has focused on the impact of caloric restriction mimetics, such as resveratrol, on ageing processes. Recent data from studies on the long-lived naked mole rat have provided important novel information on metabolic alterations and antioxidative defense mechanisms that characterize longevity. SUMMARY Better understanding of the biology of exceptionally long-lived animals will contribute to better understanding of ageing processes and novel interventions to extend lifespan also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- aDivision of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden bDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, the Netherlands cInstitute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Galvan V, Hart MJ. Vascular mTOR-dependent mechanisms linking the control of aging to Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:992-1007. [PMID: 26639036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the strongest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the discovery of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a critical pathway controlling the rate of aging in mice, molecules at the interface between the regulation of aging and the mechanisms of specific age-associated diseases can be identified. We will review emerging evidence that mTOR-dependent brain vascular dysfunction, a universal feature of aging, may be one of the mechanisms linking the regulation of the rate of aging to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Galvan
- Department of Physiology and the Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
| | - Matthew J Hart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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Assar ME, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Diabetes and ageing-induced vascular inflammation. J Physiol 2015; 594:2125-46. [PMID: 26435167 DOI: 10.1113/jp270841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and the ageing process independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since incidence of diabetes increases as people get older, the diabetic older adults represent the largest population of diabetic subjects. This group of patients would potentially be threatened by the development of CVD related to both ageing and diabetes. The relationship between CVD, ageing and diabetes is explained by the negative impact of these conditions on vascular function. Functional and clinical evidence supports the role of vascular inflammation induced by the ageing process and by diabetes in vascular impairment and CVD. Inflammatory mechanisms in both aged and diabetic vasculature include pro-inflammatory cytokines, vascular hyperactivation of nuclear factor-кB, increased expression of cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, imbalanced expression of pro/anti-inflammatory microRNAs, and dysfunctional stress-response systems (sirtuins, Nrf2). In contrast, there are scarce data regarding the interaction of these mechanisms when ageing and diabetes co-exist and its impact on vascular function. Older diabetic animals and humans display higher vascular impairment and CVD risk than those either aged or diabetic, suggesting that chronic low-grade inflammation in ageing creates a vascular environment favouring the mechanisms of vascular damage driven by diabetes. Further research is needed to determine the specific inflammatory mechanisms responsible for exacerbated vascular impairment in older diabetic subjects in order to design effective therapeutic interventions to minimize the impact of vascular inflammation. This would help to prevent or delay CVD and the specific clinical manifestations (cognitive decline, frailty and disability) promoted by diabetes-induced vascular impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.,Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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117
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Nrf2 Signaling and the Slowed Aging Phenotype: Evidence from Long-Lived Models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:732596. [PMID: 26583062 PMCID: PMC4637130 DOI: 10.1155/2015/732596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studying long-lived animals provides novel insight into shared characteristics of aging and represents a unique model to elucidate approaches to prevent chronic disease. Oxidant stress underlies many chronic diseases and resistance to stress is a potential mechanism governing slowed aging. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 is the "master regulator" of cellular antioxidant defenses. Nrf2 is upregulated by some longevity promoting interventions and may play a role in regulating species longevity. However, Nrf2 expression and activity in long-lived models have not been well described. Here, we review evidence for altered Nrf2 signaling in a variety of slowed aging models that accomplish lifespan extension via pharmacological, nutritional, evolutionary, genetic, and presumably epigenetic means.
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Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor is a key player in the cellular antioxidant response and it also controls various other functions in a cell-type specific manner. Due to these key functions, a tight control of NRF2 expression and activity is essential. This regulation is exerted at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and proteasomal degradation. Recent studies revealed important roles of miRNAs (miRs) in the control of NRF2 activity through direct targeting of the NRF2 mRNA and of mRNAs encoding proteins that control the level and activity of NRF2. In addition, NRF2 itself has been identified as a regulator of miRs, which exert some of the functions of NRF2 in metabolic regulation and also novel functions in the regulation of cell adhesion. Here, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of action of miRs in the regulation of NRF2 activity and as downstream effectors of this transcription factor.
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119
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Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Herberg S, Arounleut P, Upadhyay S, Dukes A, Davis C, Johnson M, McGee-Lawrence M, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Hill WD. Caloric restriction and the adipokine leptin alter the SDF-1 signaling axis in bone marrow and in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:64-72. [PMID: 25779533 PMCID: PMC4706462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is essential in regulating bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) survival, and differentiation to either a pro-osteogenic or pro-adipogenic fate. This study investigates the effects of caloric restriction (CR) and leptin on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in bone and BM tissues in the context of age-associated bone loss. For in vivo studies, we collected bone, BM cells and BM interstitial fluid from 12 and 20 month-old C57Bl6 mice fed ad-libitum (AL), and 20-month-old mice on long-term CR with, or without, intraperitoneal injection of leptin for 10 days (10 mg/kg). To mimic conditions of CR in vitro, 18 month murine BMSCs were treated with (1) control (Ctrl): normal proliferation medium, (2) nutrient restriction (NR): low glucose, low serum medium, or (3) NR + leptin: NR medium + 100 ng/ml leptin for 6-48 h. In BMSCs both protein and mRNA expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased by CR and CR + leptin. In contrast, the alternate SDF-1 receptor CXCR7 was decreased, suggesting a nutrient signaling mediated change in SDF-1 axis signaling in BMSCs. However, in bone SDF-1, CXCR4 and 7 gene expression increase with age and this is reversed with CR, while addition of leptin returns this to the "aged" level. Histologically bone formation was lower in the calorically restricted mice and BM adipogenesis increased, both effects were reversed with the 10 day leptin treatment. This suggests that in bone CR and leptin alter the nutrient signaling pathways in different ways to affect the local action of the osteogenic cytokine SDF-1. Studies focusing on the molecular interaction between nutrient signaling by CR, leptin and SDF-1 axis may help to address age-related musculoskeletal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phonepasong Arounleut
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil Upadhyay
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Dukes
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen Davis
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Serum from calorie-restricted animals delays senescence and extends the lifespan of normal human fibroblasts in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:152-66. [PMID: 25855056 PMCID: PMC4394727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of cellular senescence and cell loss over time in various tissues and organs are considered major contributing factors to the ageing process. In various organisms, caloric restriction (CR) slows ageing and increases lifespan, at least in part, by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases of the sirtuin family. Here, we use an in vitro model of CR to study the effects of this dietary regime on replicative senescence, cellular lifespan and modulation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We found that serum from calorie-restricted animals was able to delay senescence and significantly increase replicative lifespan in these cells, when compared to serum from ad libitum fed animals. These effects correlated with CR-mediated increases in SIRT1 and decreases in p53 expression levels. In addition, we show that manipulation of SIRT1 levels by either over-expression or siRNA-mediated knockdown resulted in delayed and accelerated cellular senescence, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CR can delay senescence and increase replicative lifespan of normal human diploid fibroblasts in vitro and suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in these processes. (185 words).
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121
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Seeger T, Boon RA. MicroRNAs in cardiovascular ageing. J Physiol 2015; 594:2085-94. [PMID: 26040259 DOI: 10.1113/jp270557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as potent regulators of pathways in physiological and disease contexts. This review focuses on the role of miRs in ageing of the cardiovascular system. Several miRs have been described to be regulated during ageing and some of these miRs are involved in the regulation of ageing-related processes. We discuss the roles of miR-34, miR-217 and miR-29, which are induced during ageing in the vasculature. The roles of miR-34, miR-29 (age-induced) and miR-18/19, which are decreased during ageing in the heart, are discussed as well. Furthermore, numerous miRs that play a role in diseases associated with ageing, like diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation, are also briefly discussed. miRs also serve as circulating biomarkers for cardiovascular ageing or ageing-associated diseases. Finally, pharmacological modulation of ageing-related miRs might become a promising strategy to combat cardiovascular ageing in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Seeger
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Yu M, Liu Y, Zhang B, Shi Y, Cui L, Zhao X. Inhibiting microRNA-144 abates oxidative stress and reduces apoptosis in hearts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:375-81. [PMID: 26164195 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, little is known about the role of microRNAs in the regulation of ROS formation and myocardial apoptosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS It was observed that microRNA-144 (miR-144) level was lower in heart tissues of STZ-induced diabetic mice. High glucose exposure also reduced miR-144 levels in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, miR-144 modulated high glucose-induced oxidative stress in cultured cardiomyocytes by directly targeting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which was a central regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress. The miR-144 mimics aggravated high glucose-induced ROS formation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, which could be attenuated by treatment with Dh404, an activator of Nrf2. Meanwhile, inhibition of miR-144 suppressed ROS formation and apoptosis induced by high glucose in cultured cardiomyocytes. What was more important is that reduced myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis and improved cardiac function were identified in STZ-induced diabetic mice when treated with miR-144 antagomir. CONCLUSION Although miR-144 cannot explain the increased oxidative stress in STZ, therapeutic interventions directed at decreasing miR-144 may help to decrease oxidative stress in these hearts. Inhibition of miR-144 might have clinical potential to abate oxidative stress as well as to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Yu
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bili Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Daulatzai MA. “Boomerang Neuropathology” of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease is Shrouded in Harmful “BDDS”: Breathing, Diet, Drinking, and Sleep During Aging. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:55-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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