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Pollonini L, Younes L, Gorniak SL. Hemodynamic function during finger force production tasks in healthy adults. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:472-478. [PMID: 27935081 PMCID: PMC6510247 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technique used to measure muscle hemodynamics. The focus of this study was to evaluate changes in muscle oxygenation during sustained maximal force production in young, healthy control individuals to establish baseline function in an ideal population. METHODS NIRS was used to monitor reduced hemoglobin (HbR) and oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) in forearm muscles. Hemodynamic responses during force production tasks were monitored in real time. RESULTS During handgrip exercises, maximal force production declined significantly. Increased HbR was found while HbO remained constant. The correlation between force production and HbO was positive (r = 0.18), while the correlation between force and HbR was negative (r = -0.48). The application of NIRS to monitor the correlation between force production and hemodynamic measures in the forearm was successful. These data set the foundation for future use of NIRS as a diagnostic tool for individuals with peripheral vascular disease: Muscle Nerve 56: 472-478, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pollonini
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
- Abramson Center for the Future of Health, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Lena Younes
- Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Stacey L. Gorniak
- Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
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Sun YI, Ferguson BS, Rogatzki MJ, McDonald JR, Gladden LB. Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals versus Venous Blood Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation in Skeletal Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:2013-20. [PMID: 27635772 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to examine the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals and venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation (O2Hb%) and venous oxygen concentration (CvO2). METHODS Gastrocnemius muscles (GS) in six dogs were surgically isolated and pump perfused. NIRS signals were recorded, and venous blood samples were collected at constant flow rates (control flow, high flow, and low flow) at rest as well as during electrically stimulated tetanic muscle contractions at rates of one contraction per 2 s (1/2 s) and two contractions per 3 s (2/3 s). Similar data were also collected at three different inspired O2 percentages (12%, 21%, and 100%) with constant blood flow. RESULTS Complete data from five animals were analyzed; all data from one animal were deleted because of erratic oxy-NIRS signals. Venous O2Hb% ranged from 7.6% to 97.5% across the various experimental conditions. After the NIRS signals were normalized to the physiological range, a high linear correlation was seen between the deoxygenated heme signal (HHbMb%) and the venous O2Hb% (R = 0.92 ± 0.05), between the oxygenated heme signal (HbMbO2%) and the venous O2Hb% (R = 0.92 ± 0.03), between the HHbMb% and the CvO2 (R = 0.89 ± 0.06), and between the HbMbO2% and the CvO2 (R = 0.90 ± 0.05). The overall relationships between HHbMb%, HbMbO2%, and venous O2Hb% as well as between HHbMb%, HbMbO2%, and CvO2 were also linear and highly correlated with R values ranging from 0.81 to 0.90. CONCLUSION In this controlled canine muscle model, NIRS signals are highly correlated with venous O2Hb% and CvO2 across a wide range of physiological conditions. The practical application of our results is that for an individual muscle or perhaps muscle group, normalized NIRS HHbMb and HbMbO2 signals accurately reflect the mean venous O2 saturation of the interrogated muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Sun
- 1School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL; 2Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, CHINA; 3College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; 4Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI
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Differences in tissue oxygenation and changes in total hemoglobin signal strength in the brain, liver, and lower-limb muscle during hemodialysis. J Artif Organs 2017; 21:86-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-017-0978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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104
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Oxygen consumption of gastrocnemius medialis muscle during submaximal voluntary isometric contractions with and without preceding stretch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4674. [PMID: 28680113 PMCID: PMC5498657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After an active muscle stretch, maintaining a certain amount of force in the following isometric phase is accompanied by less muscle activation compared to an isometric contraction without preceding active stretch at the corresponding muscle length. This reduced muscle activation might be related to reduced metabolic costs, such as the oxidative metabolism. Hence, the aim of this study was to clarify if mechanisms associated with stretch-induced activation reduction (AR) also influence oxygen consumption of voluntary activated human muscles after active stretch. Plantarflexion torque of 20 subjects was measured during 1) purely isometric and 2) active stretch contractions (26°, 60°/s), at a submaximal torque level of 30% MVC. Oxygen consumption (m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\rm{V}}$$\end{document}V·O2) of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) was estimated by near-infrared spectroscopy while applying arterial occlusion. Since the overall group did not show AR at GM after active stretch (p > 0.19), a subgroup was defined (n = 10) showing AR of 13.0 ± 10.3% (p = 0.00). However, for both purely isometric and active contractions m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\rm{V}}$$\end{document}V·O2 was the same (p = 0.32). Therefore, AR triggered by active stretch did not affect m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\rm{V}}$$\end{document}V·O2 of active human muscle.
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105
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Layec G, Hart CR, Trinity JD, Kwon OS, Rossman MJ, Broxterman RM, Le Fur Y, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Oxygen delivery and the restoration of the muscle energetic balance following exercise: implications for delayed muscle recovery in patients with COPD. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E94-E104. [PMID: 28292763 PMCID: PMC6109703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00462.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience a delayed recovery from skeletal muscle fatigue following exhaustive exercise that likely contributes to their progressive loss of mobility. As this phenomenon is not well understood, this study sought to examine postexercise peripheral oxygen (O2) transport and muscle metabolism dynamics in patients with COPD, two important determinants of muscle recovery. Twenty-four subjects, 12 nonhypoxemic patients with COPD and 12 healthy subjects with a sedentary lifestyle, performed dynamic plantar flexion exercise at 40% of the maximal work rate (WRmax) with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and vascular Doppler ultrasound assessments. The mean response time of limb blood flow at the offset of exercise was significantly prolonged in patients with COPD (controls: 56 ± 27 s; COPD: 120 ± 87 s; P < 0.05). In contrast, the postexercise time constant for capillary blood flow was not significantly different between groups (controls: 49 ± 23 s; COPD: 51 ± 21 s; P > 0.05). The initial postexercise convective O2 delivery (controls: 0.15 ± 0.06 l/min; COPD: 0.15 ± 0.06 l/min) and the corresponding oxidative adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demand (controls: 14 ± 6 mM/min; COPD: 14 ± 6 mM/min) in the calf were not significantly different between controls and patients with COPD (P > 0.05). The phosphocreatine resynthesis time constant (controls: 46 ± 20 s; COPD: 49 ± 21 s), peak mitochondrial phosphorylation rate, and initial proton efflux were also not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). Therefore, despite perturbed peripheral hemodynamics, intracellular O2 availability, proton efflux, and aerobic metabolism recovery in the skeletal muscle of nonhypoxemic patients with COPD are preserved following plantar flexion exercise and thus are unlikely to contribute to the delayed recovery from exercise in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oh-Sung Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Aix-Marseille Universite, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; and
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Dipla K, Triantafyllou A, Koletsos N, Papadopoulos S, Sachpekidis V, Vrabas IS, Gkaliagkousi E, Zafeiridis A, Douma S. Impaired Muscle Oxygenation and Elevated Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients: Links With Vascular Stiffness. Hypertension 2017; 70:444-451. [PMID: 28607132 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined in vivo (1) skeletal muscle oxygenation and microvascular function, at rest and during handgrip exercise, and (2) their association with macrovascular function and exercise blood pressure (BP), in newly diagnosed, never-treated patients with hypertension and normotensive individuals. Ninety-one individuals (51 hypertensives and 40 normotensives) underwent office and 24-hour ambulatory BP, arterial stiffness, and central aortic BP assessment, followed by a 5-minute arterial occlusion and a 3-minute submaximal handgrip exercise. Changes in muscle oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation were continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy and beat-by-beat BP by Finapres. Hypertensives had higher (P<0.001) central aortic BP and pulse wave velocity versus normotensives and exhibited (1) a blunted tissue oxygen saturation response during occlusion, with slower (P=0.006) deoxygenation rate, suggesting reduced muscle oxidative capacity, and (2) a slower reoxygenation rate and blunted hyperemic response (P<0.05), showing reduced microvascular reactivity. Muscle oxygenation responses were correlated with aortic systolic and pulse pressure and augmentation index (P<0.05; age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted). When exercising at the same submaximal intensity, hypertensives required a significantly greater (P<0.001) increase in BP for achieving similar muscle oxygenation levels as normotensives. This response was correlated with the magnitude of microvascular hyperemia and aortic BP. In conclusion, nontreated patients with hypertension exhibit prominent reductions in in vivo indices of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction, and blunted muscle microvascular reactivity. These dysfunctions were associated with higher aortic systolic BP and arterial stiffness. Dysregulations in muscle oxygen delivery/utilization and microvascular stiffness, in hypertensive patients, partially contribute to their exaggerated BP during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Dipla
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.).
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Koletsos
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Stavros Papadopoulos
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Vasileios Sachpekidis
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Andreas Zafeiridis
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Stella Douma
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
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Anderson AA, Smith E, Chowdhry FA, Thurm A, Condy E, Swineford L, Manwaring SS, Amyot F, Matthews D, Gandjbakhche AH. Prefrontal Hemodynamics in Toddlers at Rest: A Pilot Study of Developmental Variability. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:300. [PMID: 28611578 PMCID: PMC5447733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive functional neuroimaging modality. Although, it is amenable to use in infants and young children, there is a lack of fNIRS research within the toddler age range. In this study, we used fNIRS to measure cerebral hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in 18-36 months old toddlers (n = 29) as part of a longitudinal study that enrolled typically-developing toddlers as well as those "at risk" for language and other delays based on presence of early language delays. In these toddlers, we explored two hemodynamic response indices during periods of rest during which time audiovisual children's programming was presented. First, we investigate Lateralization Index, based on differences in oxy-hemoglobin saturation from left and right prefrontal cortex. Then, we measure oxygenation variability (OV) index, based on variability in oxygen saturation at frequencies attributed to cerebral autoregulation. Preliminary findings show that lower cognitive (including language) abilities are associated with fNIRS measures of both lower OV index and more extreme Lateralization index values. These preliminary findings show the feasibility of using fNIRS in toddlers, including those at risk for developmental delay, and lay the groundwork for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz A Anderson
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fatima A Chowdhry
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Audrey Thurm
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emma Condy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lauren Swineford
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State UniversitySpokane, WA, United States
| | - Stacy S Manwaring
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Franck Amyot
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative MedicineRockville, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health ScienceBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dennis Matthews
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Amir H Gandjbakhche
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
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108
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Crum EM, O'Connor WJ, Van Loo L, Valckx M, Stannard SR. Validity and reliability of the Moxy oxygen monitor during incremental cycling exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1037-1043. [PMID: 28557670 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1330899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Moxy is a novel, cutaneously placed muscle oxygen monitor which claims to measure local oxygen saturation (SmO2) and total haemoglobin (THb) using near-infrared spectroscopy. If shown to be reliable, its data storage and telemetric capability will be useful for assessing localised O2 usage during field-based exercise. This study investigated the reliability of the Moxy during cycling and assessed the correlations between its measurements, whole-body O2 consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR). METHODS Ten highly trained cyclists performed an incremental, step-wise cycling protocol on two occasions while wearing the Moxy. SmO2, THb, VO2 and HR were recorded in the final minute of each five-minute stage. Data were analysed using Spearman's Order-Rank Coefficient (SROC), Intraclass Correlation (ICC), and Coefficient of Variance (COV). Significance was set at p ≤ .05. RESULTS SmO2 showed a 'strong' or 'very large' correlation between trials (SROC: r = 0.842-0.993, ICC: r = 0.773-0.992, p ≤ .01) and was moderately correlated with VO2 and HR (r = -0.71-0.73, p ≤ .01). SmO2 showed a moderate to high reliability at low intensities, but this decreased as relative exercise intensity increased. THb showed poor correlations between tests and with the other measured variables, but was highly reliable at all power outputs. CONCLUSIONS The Moxy is a reliable device to measure SmO2 at low to moderate intensities, but at higher intensities, greater variation in measurements occurs, likely due to tissue ischaemia or increased movement artefacts due to more frequent muscular contractions. THb has low variation during exercise, and does not appear to be a valid indicator of muscle oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Crum
- a School of Sport and Exercise , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - W J O'Connor
- a School of Sport and Exercise , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - L Van Loo
- b Haagsche Hogeschool , Den Haag , Zuid-Holland , Netherlands
| | - M Valckx
- b Haagsche Hogeschool , Den Haag , Zuid-Holland , Netherlands
| | - S R Stannard
- a School of Sport and Exercise , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Meng L, Xiao J, Gudelunas K, Yu Z, Zhong Z, Hu X. Association of intraoperative cerebral and muscular tissue oxygen saturation with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay after major spine surgery: an observational study. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:551-562. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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110
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Hasanin A, Mukhtar A, Nassar H. Perfusion indices revisited. J Intensive Care 2017; 5:24. [PMID: 28331621 PMCID: PMC5351209 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-017-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of tissue perfusion is an essential step in the management of acute circulatory failure. The presence of cellular dysfunction has been a basic component of shock definition even in the absence of hypotension. Monitoring of tissue perfusion includes biomarkers of global tissue perfusion and measures for assessment of perfusion in non-vital organs. The presence of poor tissue perfusion in a shocked patient is usually associated with worse outcome. Persistently impaired perfusion despite adequate resuscitation is also associated with worse outcome. Thus, normalization of some perfusion indices has become one of the resuscitation targets in patients with septic shock. Although the collective evidence shows the clear relation between impaired peripheral perfusion and mortality, the use of different perfusion indices as a resuscitation target needs more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hasanin
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Critical Care Department, El-Ameen Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mukhtar
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Nassar
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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111
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Machado ADC, Barbosa TC, Kluser Sales AR, de Souza MN, da Nóbrega ACL, Silva BM. Adults with initial metabolic syndrome have altered muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:424-431. [PMID: 28059464 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced aerobic power is independently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence and prevalence in adults. This study investigated whether muscle deoxygenation (proxy of microvascular O2 extraction) during incremental exercise is altered in MetS and associated with reduced oxygen consumption ( V˙O2peak ). METHODS Twelve men with initial MetS (no overt diseases and medication-naive; mean ± SD, age 38 ± 7 years) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) (34 ± 7 years) completed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, in which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange (metabolic analyzer), as well as vastus lateralis deoxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy), were measured. RESULTS Subjects with MetS, in contrast to HCs, showed lower V˙O2peak normalized to total lean mass, similar V˙O2 response to exercise, and earlier break point (BP) in muscle deoxygenation. Consequently, deoxygenation slope from BP to peak exercise was greater. Furthermore, absolute V˙O2peak was positively associated with BP in correlations adjusted for total lean mass. CONCLUSIONS MetS, without overt diseases, altered kinetics of muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise, particularly at high-intensity exercise. Therefore, the balance between utilization and delivery of O2 within skeletal muscle is impaired early in MetS natural history, which may contribute to the reduction in aerobic power.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thales Coelho Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan Robson Kluser Sales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nogueira de Souza
- Department of Electronics and Computing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Moreira Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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112
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Ma GD, Chen WC, Tsai SM, Kan NW, Chiu LL, Chien KY. Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Parameters of Muscle Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 124:477-490. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512516689403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared responses from postmenopausal women living a sedentary lifestyle ( n = 15; Mean age= 59; SD = 4.2) to a single bout of water- or land-based exercise with respect to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration, and muscle oxygen saturation. Each participant was randomly assigned to a single water- or land-based 50-minute bout of combined aerobic and resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected to detect pre- and post-exercise lactate concentration. Total hemoglobin, deoxidized hemoglobin, and the percentage change in the total oxygen saturation index (TSI%) of the rectus femoris were detected by means of near-infrared spectroscopy. We found similar RPE at various stages of land- and water-based exercise, and a similar change in lactate concentration in these environments (in water: 4.35 ± 1.49 mol/L; on land: 3.62 ± 1.18 mol/L). However, the reduction in HHb response was less pronounced after water-based exercise, and TSI% increased on land but decreased in water, with the magnitude of this change much higher on land. For similar RPE and lactate concentration, the oxygen saturation in the exercising muscles decreased in water, suggesting higher oxygen consumption in water than on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-dong Ma
- Sport Science College, Jilin Sport University, China
| | - Wan-Chin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sport Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Tsai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Kan
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chiu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taiwan
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113
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Li T, Li Y, Lin Y, Li K. Significant and sustaining elevation of blood oxygen induced by Chinese cupping therapy as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:223-229. [PMID: 28101413 PMCID: PMC5231294 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cupping therapy has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to relieve muscle pain/tendency/fatigue and to cure or reduce symbols of other diseases. However, its therapeutic effect is sparsely interpreted in the language of modern physiology. To objectively evaluate its therapeutic effect, we focused on dry cupping treatment and utilized near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the concentration change in oxy-hemoglobin ([HbO2]), deoxy-hemoglobin ([Hb]), and blood volume in the course of cupping therapy over 13 volunteers on the infraspinatus muscle, where is usually applied for shoulder pains. Both a prominent drop in [Hb] and a significant elevation in [HbO2] in the tissue surrounding the cupping site were observed during both cupping and post-treatment, manifesting the enhancement of oxygen uptake. This resulting promotion indicates potential positive therapeutic effect of cupping therapy in hemodynamics for facilitating muscular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoxian Li
- State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yu Lin
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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114
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Bu L, Li J, Li F, Liu H, Li Z. Wavelet coherence analysis of cerebral oxygenation signals measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in sailors: an exploratory, experimental study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013357. [PMID: 27810980 PMCID: PMC5128848 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effects of long-term offshore work on cerebral oxygenation oscillations in sailors based on the wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals. METHODS The fatigue severity scale (FSS) was first applied to assess the fatigue level of sailors and age-matched controls. Continuous recordings of NIRS signals were then obtained from the prefrontal lobes in 30 healthy sailors and 30 age-matched controls during the resting state. WPCO between the left and right prefrontal oscillations was analysed and Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between the FSS and the wavelet amplitude (WA), and between the FSS and the WPCO level. RESULTS The periodic oscillations of Delta (HbO2) signals were identified at six frequency intervals: I (0.6-2 Hz); II (0.145-0.6 Hz); III (0.052-0.145 Hz); IV (0.021-0.052 Hz); V (0.0095-0.021 Hz); and VI (0.005-0.0095 Hz). The WA in intervals I (F=8.823, p=0.004) and III (F=4.729, p=0.034) was significantly lower in sailors than that in the controls. The WPCO values of sailor group were significantly lower in intervals III (F=4.686, p=0.039), IV (F=4.864, p=0.036) and V (F=5.195, p=0.03) than those of the control group. In the sailor group, the WA in interval I (r=-0.799, p<0.01) and in interval III (r=-0.721, p<0.01) exhibited a negative correlation with the FSS. Also, the WPCO exhibited a negative correlation with the FSS in intervals III (r=-0.839, p<0.01), IV (r=-0.765, p<0.01) and V (r=-0.775, p<0.01) in the sailor group. CONCLUSIONS The negative correlation between WA and FSS indicates that the lower oscillatory activities might contribute to the development of fatigue. The low WPCO in intervals III, IV and V represents a reduced phase synchronisation of myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial metabolic activities respectively and this may suggest a decline of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingguo Bu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Heshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zengyong Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, P. R. China
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115
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Gagnon DD, Peltonen JE, Rintamäki H, Gagnon SS, Herzig KH, Kyröläinen H. The effects of skin and core tissue cooling on oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle during walking and running. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1995-2004. [PMID: 27800701 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1245436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin and core tissue cooling modulates skeletal muscle oxygenation at rest. Whether tissue cooling also influences the skeletal muscle deoxygenation response during exercise is unclear. We evaluated the effects of skin and core tissue cooling on skeletal muscle blood volume and deoxygenation during sustained walking and running. Eleven male participants walked or ran six times on a treadmill for 60 min in ambient temperatures of 22°C (Neutral), 0°C for skin cooling (Cold 1), and at 0°C following a core and skin cooling protocol (Cold 2). Difference between oxy/deoxygenated haemoglobin ([diffHb]: deoxygenation index) and total haemoglobin content ([tHb]: total blood volume) in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle was measured continuously. During walking, lower [tHb] was observed at 1 min in Cold 1 and Cold 2 vs. Neutral (P˂0.05). Lower [diffHb] was seen at 1 and 10 min in Cold 2 vs. Neutral by 13.5 ± 1.2 µM and 15.3 ± 1.4 µM and Cold 1 by 10.4 ± 3.1 µM and 11.1 ± 4.1 µM, respectively (P˂0.05). During running, [tHb] was lower in Cold 2 vs. Neutral at 10 min only (P = 0.004). [diffHb] was lower at 1 min in Cold 2 by 11.3 ± 3.1 µM compared to Neutral and by 13.5 ± 2.8 µM compared to Cold 1 (P˂0.001). Core tissue cooling, prior to exercise, induced greater deoxygenation of the VL muscle during the early stages of exercise, irrespective of changes in blood volume. Skin cooling alone, however, did not influence deoxygenation of the VL during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique D Gagnon
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada.,b Center for Research in Occupational Safety and Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada.,c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha E Peltonen
- d Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine , Clinicum, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,e Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hannu Rintamäki
- c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,f Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Oulu , Finland
| | - Sheila S Gagnon
- g Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Western Ontario , Ontario , Canada
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,h Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.,i Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- j Department of Biology of Physical Activity , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
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116
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van der Zwaard S, Jaspers RT, Blokland IJ, Achterberg C, Visser JM, den Uil AR, Hofmijster MJ, Levels K, Noordhof DA, de Haan A, de Koning JJ, van der Laarse WJ, de Ruiter CJ. Oxygenation Threshold Derived from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Reliability and Its Relationship with the First Ventilatory Threshold. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162914. [PMID: 27631607 PMCID: PMC5025121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of oxygenation reflect O2 delivery and utilization in exercising muscle and may improve detection of a critical exercise threshold. PURPOSE First, to detect an oxygenation breakpoint (Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP) and compare this breakpoint to ventilatory thresholds during a maximal incremental test across sexes and training status. Second, to assess reproducibility of NIRS signals and exercise thresholds and investigate confounding effects of adipose tissue thickness on NIRS measurements. METHODS Forty subjects (10 trained male cyclists, 10 trained female cyclists, 11 endurance trained males and 9 recreationally trained males) performed maximal incremental cycling exercise to determine Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Muscle haemoglobin and myoglobin O2 oxygenation ([HHbMb], [O2HbMb], SmO2) was determined in m. vastus lateralis. Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP was determined by double linear regression. Trained cyclists performed the maximal incremental test twice to assess reproducibility. Adipose tissue thickness (ATT) was determined by skinfold measurements. RESULTS Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP was not different from VT1, but only moderately related (r = 0.58-0.63, p<0.001). VT1 was different across sexes and training status, whereas Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP differed only across sexes. Reproducibility was high for SmO2 (ICC = 0.69-0.97), Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP (ICC = 0.80-0.88) and ventilatory thresholds (ICC = 0.96-0.99). SmO2 at peak exercise and at occlusion were strongly related to adipose tissue thickness (r2 = 0.81, p<0.001; r2 = 0.79, p<0.001). Moreover, ATT was related to asymmetric changes in Δ[HHbMb] and Δ[O2HbMb] during incremental exercise (r = -0.64, p<0.001) and during occlusion (r = -0.50, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Although the oxygenation threshold is reproducible and potentially a suitable exercise threshold, VT1 discriminates better across sexes and training status during maximal stepwise incremental exercise. Continuous-wave NIRS measurements are reproducible, but strongly affected by adipose tissue thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van der Zwaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse J. Blokland
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Achterberg
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurrian M. Visser
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne R. den Uil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs J. Hofmijster
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Levels
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dionne A. Noordhof
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold de Haan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos J. de Koning
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J. de Ruiter
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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117
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Panagiotou M, Vogiatzis I, Louvaris Z, Jayasekera G, MacKenzie A, Mcglinchey N, Baker JS, Church AC, Peacock AJ, Johnson MK. Near infrared spectroscopy for the assessment of peripheral tissue oxygenation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:1224-1227. [PMID: 27587562 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01022-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Panagiotou
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dept of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Zafeiris Louvaris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dept of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Geeshath Jayasekera
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison MacKenzie
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Mcglinchey
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julien S Baker
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Alistair C Church
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew J Peacock
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin K Johnson
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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118
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Moalla W, Maingourd Y, Gauthier R, Cahalin LP, Tabka Z, Ahmaidi S. Effect of exercise training on respiratory muscle oxygenation in children with congenital heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:604-11. [PMID: 16874152 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000201515.59085.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished aerobic capacity and weakness of both respiratory and peripheral muscles have been observed in cardiac patients and may contribute to exercise limitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a home-based training programme on aerobic fitness and oxygenation of the respiratory muscles in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen patients with CHD aged 12-15 years participated in this study. Ten patients (training group, TG) underwent a training programme for 12 weeks and eight patients served as a non-training control group (CG). All subjects performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after the study period. Oxygenation of the respiratory muscles was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. No significant differences were observed, at baseline and after the completion of the study, between the CG and TG in peak exercise workload, oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR). However, a significant improvement in exercise performance was found in the TG versus the CG when results were compared at the ventilatory threshold (Vth): workload (45.2+/-8.0 versus 58.5+/-7.4%; P<0.05), VO2 (62.3+/-7.5 versus 69.8+/-5.1%; P<0.05), VCO2 (49.8+/-5.7 versus 60.0+/-5.8%; P<0.05), VE (42.8+/-9.9 versus 50.1+/-9.5%; P<0.05), and HR (69.5+/-6.1 versus 76.0+/-3.5%; P<0.05). After training, an improvement in oxygenation of the respiratory muscles was found in the TG from 60% of VO2max until the end of exercise. At the Vth, the TG showed greater oxygenation after training (55.1+/-6.6 versus 43.0+/-6.9%, P<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, we showed a significant correlation of the change in respiratory muscle oxygenation and VO2 in the TG (r=0.90, P<0.01). CONCLUSION It is concluded that general physical training at submaximal intensity induces better aerobic fitness and improves respiratory muscle oxygenation in children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Moalla
- EA-3300: APS et Conduites Motrices: Adapations et Réadaptations, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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119
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Butler E, Chin M, Aneman A. Peripheral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Methodologic Aspects and a Systematic Review in Post-Cardiac Surgical Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 31:1407-1416. [PMID: 27876185 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Butler
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Chin
- Intensive Care Unit, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anders Aneman
- Intensive Care Unit, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia; University of New South Wales, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
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120
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Van de Velde S, Kalmar AF, Raes M, Poelaert J, Lootens T, Vanoverschelde H. Lower Extremity Near-infrared Spectroscopy After Popliteal Block For Orthopaedic Foot Surgery. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:258-63. [PMID: 27563364 PMCID: PMC4962434 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Noninvasive measurement of cutaneous tissue oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become common in peri-operative care. Following institution of peripheral nerve blocks, neurovascular alterations in the blocked region have been described. Objective: The primary aim of this study encompassed the assessment of the influence of a popliteal block on changes in regional oxygen saturation (SrO2), and the location of most prominent changes. Method: We conducted a prospective randomised controlled trial. Hundred twenty patients who received a popliteal block for foot surgery were included. Popliteal block was performed under echographic guidance. The patients were randomized in 3 groups according to the location of the SrO2 electrodes on the legs. Bilateral SrO2 measurements were performed simultaneously. SrO2 in the operated leg and in the control leg was measured at baseline and 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after the perineural injection. We quantified the evolution in SrO2 by calculating over time the differences in SrO2 values between the operated and control leg (=ΔSrO2). Results: At 30 minutes, ΔSrO2 increased significantly (p<0.05) at the plantar side of the foot (11.3% ± 2.9%), above the ankle (4.9% ± 1.3%) and the popliteal fossa (3.6% ± 1.2%). Conclusion: At 30 minutes after institution of the popliteal block, ΔSrO2 was most prominent at the plantar side of the foot as compared with measurement performed above the ankle or under the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van de Velde
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain F Kalmar
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Raes
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Poelaert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Acute and Chronic Pain Therapy, University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Lootens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Maria Middelares hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henk Vanoverschelde
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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121
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Kumamoto T, Seko T, Takahashi Y. Effects of movement from a postural maintenance position on lumbar hemodynamic changes. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1932-5. [PMID: 27390450 PMCID: PMC4932091 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To investigate the effects of movement from a postural maintenance position on
lumbar hemodynamic changes, in order to prevent lower back pain and develop exercise
therapy. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five healthy adults (mean age: 23.2 years)
participated in the study. During flexion-extension exercise, the subjects moved their
trunks gradually to a flexed position from an upright posture while sitting and standing,
and then returned to and maintained an upright (re-upright) position. In the
extension–flexion exercise, the subjects moved their trunks gradually from an upright
posture to an extended position, and back while maintaining an upright (re-upright)
position. Lumbar spinal muscle activity and hemodynamic changes were evaluated during both
exercises. [Results] During the flexion and extension exercises, increased trunk-flexion
angle caused increased muscle activity, decreased oxygenated hemoglobin in the multifidus
muscle, and increased deoxygenated hemoglobin in the multifidus and lumbar erector spinae
muscles. Moreover, the muscle activities were nearly the same in the re-upright and
upright positions, and total hemoglobin also increased. [Conclusion] In both standing and
sitting positions, holding the trunk in a flexed position causes ischemic hemodynamic
changes in the multifidus muscle; however, the hyperemic response when returning the trunk
to an extended position may improve circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Kumamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Seko
- Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan
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Yano T, Afroundeh R, Shirakawa K, Lian CS, Shibata K, Xiao Z, Yunoki T. Oscillation in tissue oxygen index during recovery from exercise. Physiol Res 2016; 65:259-69. [PMID: 26447517 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that an oscillation of tissue oxygen index (TOI) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy during recovery from exercise occurs due to feedback control of adenosine triphosphate and that frequency of the oscillation is affected by blood pH. In order to examine these hypotheses, we aimed 1) to determine whether there is an oscillation of TOI during recovery from exercise and 2) to determine the effect of blood pH on frequency of the oscillation of TOI. Three exercises were performed with exercise intensities of 30 % and 70 % peak oxygen uptake (V(.)o(2)peak) for 12 min and with exercise intensity of 70 % V(.)o(2)peak for 30 s. TOI during recovery from the exercise was analyzed by fast Fourier transform in order to obtain power spectra density (PSD). There was a significant difference in the frequency at which maximal PSD of TOI appeared (Fmax) between the exercises with 70 % V(.)o(2)peak for 12 min (0.0039+/-0 Hz) and for 30 s (0.0061+/-0.0028 Hz). However, there was no significant difference in Fmax between the exercises with 30 % (0.0043+/-0.0013 Hz) and with 70 % V(.)o(2)peak for 12 min despite differences in blood pH and blood lactate from the warmed fingertips. It is concluded that there was an oscillation in TOI during recovery from the three exercises. It was not clearly shown that there was an effect of blood pH on Fmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yano
- Department of Human Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Japan.
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De Blasi RA, Romagnoli S, Rocco M. Bedside Assessment of the Microvascular Venous Compartment in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Valvular Diseases Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 31:105-114. [PMID: 27546828 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood volume reserve for venous return and the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on microvascular bed partitioning and blood flow were examined in patients with valvular diseases. DESIGN Prospective, consecutive, case-control study. SETTING Single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 20 adult cardiac surgery patients and 20 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Cardiovascular and microvascular variables were collected soon after the induction of anesthesia, after commencement of CPB, 20 minutes after separation from CPB, and in the intensive care unit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The unstressed and stressed volumes (Vu, Vs) and pressures therein (Pit, Ps) were measured in the brachioradial muscle with near-infrared spectroscopy, applying incremental venous occlusions. At the first time point, Vs and Pit showed lower and higher values, respectively, than those of control patients, but Vs increased with Vu during the study, whereas Pit remained unchanged. Fluid balance correlated with Pit (r = 0.83, p<0.001) and hemoglobin (r = 0.78, p = 0.004). A nonlinear regression was found between fluid balance and ΔVu (r = 0.90, p<0.001) [y = 1.85+37.43(-0.01×x)]. The Vu/Pit and Vs/Ps ratios were lower than those of the control patients. Blood flow correlated to Vs/Ps (r = 0.75, p<0.001). The time constant was lower than reference (p = 0.005) and increased 10 times after CPB. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac surgery patients have a limited blood volume reserve for venous return due to a reduced microvascular bed capacitance. This study demonstrated that during CPB a positive fluid balance induced an extravascular pressure increase and further reduced blood volume reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alberto De Blasi
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Romagnoli
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Rocco
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Roma, Italy
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Green MS, Sehgal S, Tariq R. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: The New Must Have Tool in the Intensive Care Unit? Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 20:213-24. [PMID: 27206637 DOI: 10.1177/1089253216644346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Standard hemodynamic monitoring such as blood pressure and pulse oximetry may only provide a crude estimation of organ perfusion in the critical care setting. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is based on the same principle as a pulse oximeter and allows continuous noninvasive monitoring of hemoglobin oxygenation and deoxygenation and thus tissue saturation "StO2" This review aims to provide an overview of NIRS technology principles and discuss its current clinical use in the critical care setting. The study selection was performed using the PubMed database to find studies that investigated the use of NIRS in both the critical care setting and in the intensive care unit. Currently, NIRS in the critical care setting is predominantly being used for infants and neonates. A number of studies in the past decade have shown promising results for the use of NIRS in surgical/trauma intensive care units during shock management as a prognostic tool and in guiding resuscitation. It is evident that over the past 2 decades, NIRS has gone from being a laboratory fascination to an actively employed clinical tool. Even though the benefit of routine use of this technology to achieve better outcomes is still questionable, the fact that NIRS is a low-cost, noninvasive monitoring modality improves the attractiveness of the technology. However, more research may be warranted before recommending its routine use in the critical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stuart Green
- Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sankalp Sehgal
- Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rayhan Tariq
- Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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125
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Orbegozo Cortés D, Rahmania L, Irazabal M, Santacruz C, Fontana V, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Microvascular reactivity is altered early in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Res 2016; 17:59. [PMID: 27188409 PMCID: PMC4869291 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. The resultant microvascular reactivity can be assessed non-invasively using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and a vascular occlusion test (VOT) and changes have been correlated with severity of organ dysfunction and mortality in other critically ill populations. We used NIRS to study the presence of microcirculatory alterations in patients with ARDS. METHODS We studied 27 healthy volunteers and 32 ARDS patients admitted to our intensive care department. NIRS measurements were performed within 24 h after diagnosis (Berlin definition). VOTs were performed by inflating an arm-cuff to a pressure greater than the systolic pressure for 3 min, followed by rapid deflation. The descending (Desc) and ascending (Asc) thenar muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) slopes were calculated. We compared data from volunteers with those from ARDS patients, from ARDS survivors and non-survivors, and from ARDS survivors who required <7 days ventilatory support (good evolution) with those who required >7 days support or died (poor evolution). RESULTS ARDS patients had lower StO2 values [75(67-80) vs 79(76-81) %, p = 0.04] and Asc slopes [185(115-233) vs 258(216-306) %/min, p < 0.01] than healthy volunteers, but Desc slopes were similar. The Asc slope was lower in the patients with a poor evolution than in the other patients [121(90-209) vs 222(170-293) %/min, p < 0.01], and in the non-survivors than in the survivors [95(73-120) vs 212(165-252) %/min, p < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS In ARDS patients, microvascular reactivity is altered early, and the changes are directly related to the severity of the disease. The ascending slope is the best determinant of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orbegozo Cortés
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lokmane Rahmania
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marian Irazabal
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Santacruz
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vito Fontana
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Tujjar O, De Gaudio AR, Tofani L, Di Filippo A. Effects of prolonged ischemia on human skeletal muscle microcirculation as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Clin Monit Comput 2016; 31:581-588. [PMID: 27072990 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-016-9877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to detect in vivo microvascular alterations by means of a vascular occlusion test. We sought to analyse by NIRS the microcirculatory profile of patients undergoing prolonged tourniquet-induced bloodless condition for extremity surgery, and compare the results with time of ischemia and comorbidities. We conducted a prospective observational study on 42 patients undergoing upper limb surgery. Regional anaesthesia was achieved and ischemia was induced by a tourniquet cuffed at 250 mmHg. The probe of a NIRS monitor (InSpectra 325, Hutchiston, USA) was placed on the brachial muscle, and muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) was recorded continuously before anaesthesia, during and after surgery. The following variables were recorded: baseline StO2, StO2 desaturation slope during occlusion (dSlope, units/s), resaturation rate following ischemia (RR, units/s), hyperaemic peak (peak, units), and duration of the hyperaemic period following ischemia (hyperaemic time, s). Values of dSlope were similar among all patients. RR and hyperaemic time were significantly correlated with the duration of ischemia, but not with comorbidities [p = 0.007 CI (-35.64 to -13.1), and p < 0.001 CI (0.049-0.159), respectively]. Grouping patients by duration of ischemia (30, 60, or 90 min), we found a significant decrease in RR after 60 and 90 min (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Hyperaemic peak was lower in the 90 min group (83.9 ± 6.8 vs. 91.2 ± 5.7 %, p = 0.02) whereas the hyperaemic time was significantly increased (595 ± 136 vs. 429 ± 107 min, p < 0.001). Alterations of skeletal muscle microcirculation were correlated with the duration of ischemia, but not with comorbidities. We observed an initial impairment of the microcirculatory recovery at 90 min of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tujjar
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Raffaele De Gaudio
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Filippo
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50124, Florence, Italy.
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127
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Salcedo MC, Tart K, Hall K. A systematic review of human and veterinary applications of noninvasive tissue oxygen monitoring. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 26:323-32. [PMID: 27062438 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the methodology for and utilization of tissue oxygen monitoring by near infrared spectroscopy, and to review the current literature on the use of this monitoring modality in human and veterinary settings. DATA SOURCES Scientific reviews and original research found using the PubMed and CAB Abstract search engines with the following keywords: "tissue oxygen monitoring," "near-infrared tissue spectroscopy," and "tissue oxygen saturation (StO2 )." HUMAN DATA SYNTHESIS Tissue oxygen monitors have been evaluated in a wide variety of human clinical applications including trauma and triage, surgery, sepsis, and septic shock, and early goal-directed therapy. StO2 more rapidly identifies occult shock in human patients compared to traditional methods, which can lead to earlier intervention in these patients. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS Veterinary studies involving tissue oxygen monitoring are limited, but the technology may have utility for identification of hemorrhagic shock earlier than changes in base excess, blood lactate concentration, or other traditional perfusion parameters. CONCLUSION Tissue oxygen monitoring is most commonly performed utilizing a noninvasive, portable monitor, which provides real-time, continuous, repeatable StO2 measurements. A decline in StO2 is an early indicator of shock in both human and veterinary patients. Low StO2 values in human patients are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and length of hospitalization, as well as the development of multiple organ system dysfunction and surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory C Salcedo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108
| | - Kelly Tart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108
| | - Kelly Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108
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128
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Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was originally designed for clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation, and it has also been developed into a useful tool in neuroimaging studies, with the so-called functional NIRS (fNIRS). With NIRS, cerebral activation is detected by measuring the cerebral hemoglobin (Hb), where however, the precise correlation between NIRS signal and neural activity remains to be fully understood. This can in part be attributed to the situation that NIRS signals are inherently subject to contamination by signals arising from extracerebral tissue. In recent years, several approaches have been investigated to distinguish between NIRS signals originating in cerebral tissue and signals originating in extracerebral tissue. Selective measurements of cerebral Hb will enable a further evolution of fNIRS. This chapter is divided into six sections: first a summary of the basic theory of NIRS, NIRS signals arising in the activated areas, correlations between NIRS signals and fMRI signals, correlations between NIRS signals and neural activities, and the influence of a variety of extracerebral tissue on NIRS signals and approaches to this issue are reviewed. Finally, future prospects of fNIRS are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hoshi
- Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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129
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Johansson JD, Mireles M, Morales-Dalmau J, Farzam P, Martínez-Lozano M, Casanovas O, Durduran T. Scanning, non-contact, hybrid broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:481-98. [PMID: 26977357 PMCID: PMC4771466 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A scanning system for small animal imaging using non-contact, hybrid broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (ncDOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (ncDCS) is presented. The ncDOS uses a two-dimensional spectrophotometer retrieving broadband (610-900 nm) spectral information from up to fifty-seven source-detector distances between 2 and 5 mm. The ncDCS data is simultaneously acquired from four source-detector pairs. The sample is scanned in two dimensions while tracking variations in height. The system has been validated with liquid phantoms, demonstrated in vivo on a human fingertip during an arm cuff occlusion and on a group of mice with xenoimplanted renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes D. Johansson
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Miguel Mireles
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jordi Morales-Dalmau
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Parisa Farzam
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-Lozano
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute–IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute–IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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Celie BM, Boone J, Dumortier J, Derave W, De Backer T, Bourgois JG. Possible Influences on the Interpretation of Functional Domain (FD) Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): An Explorative Study. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:363-371. [PMID: 26903570 DOI: 10.1177/0003702815620562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of subcutaneous adipose tissue (ATT) and oxygen (O2) delivery has been poorly defined in frequency domain (FD) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of these variables on all FD NIRS responses using a reliable protocol. Moreover, these influences were also investigated when using relative oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and -myoglobin (oxy[Hb + Mb] and deoxy[Hb + Mb]) values (in %). A regression analysis was carried out for ATT and maximal-minimum oxy[Hb + Mb], deoxy[Hb + Mb], oxygen saturation (SmO2), and total hemoglobin (totHb) amplitudes during an incremental cyclic contraction protocol (ICCP) in a group of 45 participants. Moreover, the same analysis was carried out between subcutaneous ATT and the relative oxy- and deoxy[Hb + Mb] values (in %). In the second part of this study, a regression analysis was performed for peak forearm blood flow (FBF) during ICCP and the absolute and relative NIRS values in a group of 37 participants. Significant exponential correlation coefficients were found between ATT and deoxy[Hb + Mb] (r = 0.53; P < 0.001), oxy[Hb + Mb] (r = 0.57; P < 0.001), and SmO2 amplitudes (r = 0.57; P < 0.001). No significant relations were found between ATT and relative oxy[Hb + Mb] (r = 0.37; P = 0.07) and deoxy[Hb + Mb] (r = 0.09; P = 0.82). Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between force at exhaustion and maximal FBF (r = 0.66; P < 0.001), maximal differences in deoxy[Hb + Mb] (r = 0.353; P = 0.032) and totHb (r = 0.512; P = 0.002) while no significant correlation coefficients were found between these maximal force values and maximal differences in oxy[Hb + Mb] (r = -0.267; P = 0.111) and SmO2 (r = -0.267; P = 0.111). Significant linear correlation coefficients were found between FBF and deoxy[Hb + Mb] (r = 0.51; P = 0.001), oxy[Hb + Mb] (r = -0.50; P = 0.001), SmO2 (r = -0.54; P = 0.001), and totHb amplitude (r = 0.61; P < 0.001). No significant correlations were found when using relative oxy[Hb + Mb] (r = -0.01; P = 0.957) and deoxy[Hb + Mb] (r = -0.02; P = 0.895). Based on these findings, caution is advised when using NIRS values, as subcutaneous ATT and O2 delivery significantly influence NIRS measurements. To eliminate these influences, use of relative deoxy[Hb + Mb] is advised, especially in clinical settings or in people with a higher subcutaneous ATT layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Celie
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Centre of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasmien Dumortier
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine De Backer
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan G Bourgois
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Centre of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Ederer AK, Didier KD, Reiter LK, Brown M, Hardy R, Caldwell J, Black CD, Larson RD, Ade CJ. Influence of Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer Survivors on Endothelial Function and Skeletal Muscle Deoxygenation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147691. [PMID: 26807572 PMCID: PMC4726690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiotoxic effects of adjuvant cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy and radiation treatment) have been well documented, but the effects on peripheral cardiovascular function are still unclear. We hypothesized that cancer survivors i) would have decreased resting endothelial function; and ii) altered muscle deoxygenation response during moderate intensity cycling exercise compared to cancer-free controls. A total of 8 cancer survivors (~70 months post-treatment) and 9 healthy controls completed a brachial artery FMD test, an index of endothelial-dependent dilation, followed by an incremental exercise test up to the ventilatory threshold (VT) on a cycle ergometer during which pulmonary V˙O2 and changes in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived microvascular tissue oxygenation (TOI), total hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]total), and muscle deoxygenation ([HHb] ≈ fractional O2 extraction) were measured. There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, and resting blood pressure between cancer survivors and control participants. Brachial artery FMD was similar between groups (P = 0.98). During exercise at the VT, TOI was similar between groups, but [Hb]total and [HHb] were significantly decreased in cancer survivors compared to controls (P < 0.01) The rate of change for TOI (ΔTOIΔ/V˙O2) and [HHb] (Δ[HHb]/ΔV˙O2) relative to ΔV˙O2 were decreased in cancer survivors compared to controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03 respectively). In cancer survivors, a decreased skeletal muscle microvascular function was observed during moderate intensity cycling exercise. These data suggest that adjuvant cancer therapies have an effect on the integrated relationship between O2 extraction, V˙O2 and O2 delivery during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin K. Ederer
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Kaylin D. Didier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Landon K. Reiter
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Michael Brown
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hardy
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Jacob Caldwell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Rebecca D. Larson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Ade
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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132
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Pavlisko ND, Killos M, Henao-Guerrero N, Riccó CH, Werre S. Evaluation of tissue hemoglobin saturation (StO 2 ) using near-infrared spectroscopy during hypoxemia and hyperoxemia in Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:18-26. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jones S, Chiesa ST, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD. Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the assessment of local skeletal muscle microvascular function and capacity to utilise oxygen. Artery Res 2016; 16:25-33. [PMID: 27942271 PMCID: PMC5134760 DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (CW NIRS) provides non-invasive technology to measure relative changes in oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin in a dynamic environment. This allows determination of local skeletal muscle O2 saturation, muscle oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and blood flow. This article provides a brief overview of the use of CW NIRS to measure exercise-limiting factors in skeletal muscle. Recent findings NIRS parameters that measure O2 delivery and capacity to utilise O2 in the muscle have been developed based on response to physiological interventions and exercise. NIRS has good reproducibility and agreement with gold standard techniques and can be used in clinical populations where muscle oxidative capacity or oxygen delivery (or both) are impaired. CW NIRS has limitations including: the unknown contribution of myoglobin to the overall signals, the impact of adipose tissue thickness, skin perfusion during exercise, and variations in skin pigmentation. These, in the main, can be circumvented through appropriate study design or measurement of absolute tissue saturation. Summary CW NIRS can assess skeletal muscle O2 delivery and utilisation without the use of expensive or invasive procedures and is useable in large population-based samples, including older adults. An overview of CW NIRS to measure O2 utilisation and delivery is presented. CW NIRS is cheap, non-invasive, portable and useable in population-based samples. It is useful for understanding underlying mechanisms of deterioration in capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siana Jones
- Corresponding author. UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, 10th Floor, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK. Fax: +44 207 594 1706.UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science10th Floor, 1-19 Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7HEUK
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von Keudell AG, Weaver MJ, Appleton PT, Bae DS, Dyer GSM, Heng M, Jupiter JB, Vrahas MS. Diagnosis and treatment of acute extremity compartment syndrome. Lancet 2015; 386:1299-1310. [PMID: 26460664 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute compartment syndrome of the extremities is well known, but diagnosis can be challenging. Ineffective treatment can have devastating consequences, such as permanent dysaesthesia, ischaemic contractures, muscle dysfunction, loss of limb, and even loss of life. Despite many studies, there is no consensus about the way in which acute extremity compartment syndromes should be diagnosed. Many surgeons suggest continuous monitoring of intracompartmental pressure for all patients who have high-risk extremity injuries, whereas others suggest aggressive surgical intervention if acute compartment syndrome is even suspected. Although surgical fasciotomy might reduce intracompartmental pressure, this procedure also carries the risk of long-term complications. In this paper in The Lancet Series about emergency surgery we summarise the available data on acute extremity compartment syndrome of the upper and lower extremities in adults and children, discuss the underlying pathophysiology, and propose a clinical guideline based on the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Weaver
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul T Appleton
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald S Bae
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George S M Dyer
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn Heng
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse B Jupiter
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark S Vrahas
- Orthopedic Trauma Initiative at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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135
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Matsukawa K, Ishii K, Liang N, Endo K, Ohtani R, Nakamoto T, Wakasugi R, Kadowaki A, Komine H. Increased oxygenation of the cerebral prefrontal cortex prior to the onset of voluntary exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:452-62. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00406.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether output from the forebrain (termed central command) may descend early enough to increase cardiac and renal sympathetic outflows at the onset of voluntary exercise, we examined the changes in regional tissue blood flows of bilateral prefrontal cortices with near-infrared spectroscopy, precisely identifying the onset of voluntary ergometer 30-s exercise at 41 ± 2% of the maximal exercise intensity in humans. Prefrontal oxygenated-hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration was measured as index of regional blood flow unless deoxygenated-hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged. Prefrontal Oxy-Hb concentration increased significantly ( P < 0.05) 5 s prior to the onset of exercise with arbitrary start, whereas such increase in prefrontal Oxy-Hb was absent before exercise abruptly started by a verbal cue. Furthermore, the increase in prefrontal Oxy-Hb observed at the initial 15-s period of exercise was greater with arbitrary start than cued start. The prefrontal Oxy-Hb, thereafter, decreased during the later period of exercise, irrespective of either arbitrary or cued start. The reduction in prefrontal Oxy-Hb had the same time course and response magnitude as that during motor-driven passive exercise. Cardiac output increased at the initial period of exercise, whereas arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance decreased. The depressor response was more pronounced ( P < 0.05) with arbitrary start than cued start. Taken together, it is suggested that the increase in prefrontal Oxy-Hb observed prior to the onset of voluntary exercise may be in association with central command, while the later decrease in the Oxy-Hb during exercise may be in association with feedback stimulated by mechanical limb motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Kei Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Kana Endo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Tomoko Nakamoto
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Rie Wakasugi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Akito Kadowaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Hidehiko Komine
- Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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136
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Schlup SJ, Ade CJ, Broxterman RM, Barstow TJ. Discrepancy between femoral and capillary blood flow kinetics during knee extension exercise. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 219:69-77. [PMID: 26304841 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Capillary blood flow (QCAP) kinetics have previously been shown to be significantly slower than femoral artery (QFA) kinetics following the onset of dynamic knee extension exercise. If the increase in QCAP does not follow a similar time course to QFA, then a substantial proportion of the available blood flow is not distributed to the working muscle. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that blood flow also increases to the nonworking lower leg muscles. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if a reduction in lower limb blood flow, via arterial occlusion below the knee, alters the kinetics of QFA and QCAP during knee extension exercise, and thus provide insight into the potential mechanisms controlling the rapid increase in QFA. Subjects performed a ramp max test to determine the work rate at which gas exchange threshold (GET) occurred. At least four constant work rate trials with and without below-knee occlusion were conducted at work rates eliciting ∼ 80% GET. Pulmonary gas exchange, near-infrared spectroscopy and QFA measurements were taken continuously during each exercise bout. Muscle oxygen uptake (VO2m) and deoxy[hemoglobin+myoglobin] were used to estimate QCAP. There was no significant difference between the uncuffed and cuffed conditions in any response (P>0.05). The mean response times (MRT) of QFA were 18.7 ± 14.2s (uncuffed) and 24.6 ± 14.9s (cuffed). QCAP MRTs were 51.8 ± 23.4s (uncuffed) and 56.7 ± 23.2s (cuffed), which were not significantly different from the time constants (τ) of VO2m (39.7 ± 23.2s (uncuffed) and 46.3 ± 24.1s (cuffed). However, the MRT of QFA was significantly faster (P<0.05) than the MRT of QCAP and τVO2m. τVO2m and MRT QCAP were significantly correlated and estimated QCAP kinetics tracked VO2m following exercise onset. Cuffing below the knee did not significantly change the kinetics of QFA, QCAP or VO2m, although an effect size of 1.02 suggested that a significant effect on QFA may have been hidden by small subject number.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Schlup
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - C J Ade
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK, USA
| | - R M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - T J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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137
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Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Lord T, Vanhatalo A, Winyard PG, Jones AM. l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:385-95. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of l-citrulline (Cit) and l-arginine (Arg) supplementation on nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers, pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics, and exercise performance. In a randomized, placebo (Pla)-controlled, crossover study, 10 healthy adult men completed moderate- and severe-intensity cycling exercise on days 6 and 7 of a 7-day supplementation period with Pla, Arg (6 g/day), and Cit (6 g/day). Compared with Pla, plasma Arg concentration was increased by a similar magnitude with Arg and Cit supplementation, but plasma Cit concentration was only increased ( P < 0.001) with Cit supplementation. Plasma nitrite (NO2−) concentration was increased with Arg supplementation ( P < 0.05) and tended to increase with Cit supplementation ( P = 0.08) compared with Pla (83 ± 25, 106 ± 41, and 100 ± 38 nM with Pla, Arg, and Cit, respectively); however, mean arterial blood pressure was only lower ( P < 0.05) after Cit supplementation. The steady-state V̇o2 amplitude during moderate-intensity cycle exercise was not significantly different between supplements, but Cit lowered the V̇o2 mean response time (59 ± 8 and 53 ± 5 s with Pla and Cit, respectively, P < 0.05) during severe-intensity exercise, improved tolerance to severe-intensity exercise (589 ± 101 and 661 ± 107 s with Pla and Cit, respectively), and increased the total amount of work completed in the exercise performance test (123 ± 18 and 125 ± 19 kJ with Pla and Cit, respectively, P < 0.05). These variables were not altered by Arg supplementation ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that short-term Cit, but not Arg, supplementation can improve blood pressure, V̇o2 kinetics, and exercise performance in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Bailey
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jamie R. Blackwell
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Terrence Lord
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
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138
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Orbegozo Cortés D, Puflea F, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the effects of local ischemic preconditioning in the muscle of healthy volunteers and critically ill patients. Microvasc Res 2015; 102:25-32. [PMID: 26265192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) permits non-invasive evaluation of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). A vascular occlusion test (VOT) produces transient controlled ischemia similar to that used in ischemic preconditioning. We hypothesized that we could evaluate local responses to ischemic preconditioning by performing repeated VOTs and observing the changes in different NIRS VOT-derived variables. In healthy volunteers (n=20), four VOTs were performed at 30-min intervals on one day and, in a second group (n=21), two VOTs with time intervals of 5, 15 or 30min were performed on 3 separate days. Two cohorts of patients, one with circulatory shock (n=23) and a hemodynamically stable group (n=20), were also studied, repeating the VOT twice with a 5-min interval. In the 1-day volunteers, there was a median decrease of 15 (6-21)% in the Desc slope (StO2 decrease during VOT) after the second VOT, but no significant change in the Asc slope (StO2 increase after VOT). In the 3-day volunteers, the Desc slope also decreased, regardless of the time interval between VOTs. There was no overall decrease in the Desc slope in either patient cohort with repeated VOTs but there was marked individual patient variability. Patients in whom the Desc slope decreased had less organ dysfunction at admission, required less norepinephrine (0.00 vs 0.08mcg/kg/min, p=0.02), less frequently had sepsis (12 vs 50%, p=0.02) and had a lower mortality (6 vs 39%, p=0.03) compared to those in whom it did not decrease. Repeated NIRS VOT can non-invasively assess the local effects of ischemic preconditioning in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orbegozo Cortés
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florin Puflea
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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139
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Broxterman RM, Craig JC, Smith JR, Wilcox SL, Jia C, Warren S, Barstow TJ. Influence of blood flow occlusion on the development of peripheral and central fatigue during small muscle mass handgrip exercise. J Physiol 2015; 593:4043-54. [PMID: 26104881 DOI: 10.1113/jp270424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical power represents an important threshold for neuromuscular fatigue development and may, therefore, dictate intensities for which exercise tolerance is determined by the magnitude of fatigue accrued. Peripheral fatigue appears to be constant across O2 delivery conditions for large muscle mass exercise, but this consistency is equivocal for smaller muscle mass exercise. We sought to determine the influence of blood flow occlusion during handgrip exercise on neuromuscular fatigue development and to examine the relationship between neuromuscular fatigue development and W '. Blood flow occlusion influenced the development of both peripheral and central fatigue, thus providing further evidence that the magnitude of peripheral fatigue is not constant across O2 delivery conditions for small muscle mass exercise. W ' appears to be related to the magnitude of fatigue accrued during exercise, which may explain the reported consistency of intramuscular metabolic perturbations and work performed for severe-intensity exercise. The influence of the muscle metabolic milieu on peripheral and central fatigue is currently unclear. Moreover, the relationships between peripheral and central fatigue and the curvature constant (W ') have not been investigated. Six men (age: 25 ± 4 years, body mass: 82 ± 10 kg, height: 179 ± 4 cm) completed four constant power handgrip tests to exhaustion under conditions of control exercise (Con), blood flow occlusion exercise (Occ), Con with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion (Con + Occ), and Occ with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion (Occ + Occ). Neuromuscular fatigue measurements and W ' were obtained for each subject. Each trial resulted in significant peripheral and central fatigue. Significantly greater peripheral (79.7 ± 5.1% vs. 22.7 ± 6.0%) and central (42.6 ± 3.9% vs. 4.9 ± 2.0%) fatigue occurred for Occ than for Con. In addition, significantly greater peripheral (83.0 ± 4.2% vs. 69.0 ± 6.2%) and central (65.5 ± 14.6% vs. 18.6 ± 4.1%) fatigue occurred for Occ + Occ than for Con + Occ. W ' was significantly related to the magnitude of global (r = 0.91) and peripheral (r = 0.83) fatigue. The current findings demonstrate that blood flow occlusion exacerbated the development of both peripheral and central fatigue and that post-exercise blood flow occlusion prevented the recovery of both peripheral and central fatigue. Moreover, the current findings suggest that W ' may be determined by the magnitude of fatigue accrued during exercise.
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Key Words
- %Sat-[Hb + Mb], %Saturation-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
- CP, critical power
- Con, control exercise
- Con + Occ, control exercise with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion
- EMG, electromyography
- LED, light-emitting diodes
- MVC, maximal voluntary contraction
- MedPF, median power frequency
- NIRS, near infrared spectroscopy
- Occ, blood flow occlusion exercise
- Occ + Occ, blood flow occlusion exercise with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion
- P, power
- PCr, phosphocreatine
- Pi, inorganic phosphate
- Ppeak, peak power
- Qtw, potentiated doublet force
- R, resistance
- Tlim, task failure
- VA, voluntary activation
- W ′, curvature constant
- d, displacement
- deoxy-[Hb + Mb], deoxygenated-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
- f, contraction frequency
- iEMG, intergrated electromyography
- oxy-[Hb + Mb], oxygenated-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
- total-[Hb + Mb], total-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J C Craig
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J R Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - S L Wilcox
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - C Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - S Warren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - T J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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140
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De Blasi RA, Arcioni R. Assessing skeletal muscle variations in microvascular pressure and unstressed blood volume at the bedside. Microcirculation 2015; 21:606-14. [PMID: 24702908 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantitative NIRS measurements for MBV partitioning inside microvessels are of current physiologic and clinical interest. In this study, in healthy subjects, we sought new bedside NIRS variables for noninvasively measuring Vu and Pi changes. METHODS Fifteen healthy subjects underwent graded venous congestion for MBV measurements with NIRS and the reference technique strain-gauge plethysmography. From ΔMBV we calculated vascular compliance, blood flow, and new NIRS variables including V(u) and P(it) and P(crit). RESULTS Extrapolating MBV changes to 0 yielded Pit 4.19 ± 0.5 mmHg corresponding to a Vu of 2.53 ± 0.43 mL/100 mL T. The slope for MBV began steeper at values below 18 mmHg (P(crit)). Microvascular compliance measured with NIRS or with strain gauge gave matching results. The change in MBV depended on the oxyhemoglobin increase. No correlation was found between Vu and microvascular compliance or the overall ΔMBV. Cumulative pressure steps showed higher linearity in ΔMBV than that induced by discontinuous steps. CONCLUSIONS The new NIRS variables we report could be a practical bench-to-bedside tool to assess venous driving pressure for systemic perfusion and measure changes in Vu within the microvascular bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alberto De Blasi
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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141
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Duret J, Pottecher J, Bouzat P, Brun J, Harrois A, Payen JF, Duranteau J. Skeletal muscle oxygenation in severe trauma patients during haemorrhagic shock resuscitation. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:141. [PMID: 25882441 PMCID: PMC4391580 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Early alterations in tissue oxygenation may worsen patient outcome following traumatic haemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that muscle oxygenation measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on admission could be associated with subsequent change in the SOFA score after resuscitation. Methods The study was conducted in two Level I trauma centres and included 54 consecutive trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock, presenting within 6 hours of injury. Baseline tissue haemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) in the thenar eminence muscle and StO2 changes during a vascular occlusion test (VOT) were determined at 6 hours (H6) and 72 hours (H72) after the admission to the emergency room. Patients showing an improved SOFA score at H72 (SOFA improvers) were compared to those for whom it was unchanged or worse (SOFA non-improvers). Results Of the 54 patients, 34 patients were SOFA improvers and 20 SOFA non-improvers. They had comparable injury severity scores on admission. SOFA improvers had higher baseline StO2 values and a steeper StO2 desaturation slope at H6 compared to the SOFA non-improvers. These StO2 variables similarly correlated with the intra-hospital mortality. The StO2 reperfusion slope at H6 was similar between the two groups of patients. Conclusions Differences in StO2 parameters on admission of traumatic haemorrhagic shock were found between patients who had an improvement in organ failure in the first 72 hours and those who had unchanged or worse conditions. The use of NIRS to guide the initial management of trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Duret
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France.
| | - Julien Pottecher
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale SAMU, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, 1 avenue Molière, F-67098, Strasbourg, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire", 11 rue Humann, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,INSERM, U836, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, Grenoble, F-38042, France.
| | - Julien Brun
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France.
| | - Anatole Harrois
- AP-HP, Service d' Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, F-94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Laboratoire d'Etude de la Microcirculation, "Bio-CANVAS: Biomarqueurs in CardiaNeuroVascular Diseases" UMRS 942, 2 Rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Francois Payen
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,INSERM, U836, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, Grenoble, F-38042, France.
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- AP-HP, Service d' Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, F-94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Laboratoire d'Etude de la Microcirculation, "Bio-CANVAS: Biomarqueurs in CardiaNeuroVascular Diseases" UMRS 942, 2 Rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
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142
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Celie BM, Boone J, Smet JE, Vanlander AV, De Bleecker JL, Van Coster RN, Bourgois JG. Forearm deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin (deoxy[Hb + Mb]) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using a handgrip test in mitochondrial myopathy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:342-347. [PMID: 25665184 DOI: 10.1366/14-07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to test whether peripheral oxygenation responses measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) would differ between patients suffering from mitochondrial myopathy (MM) and healthy controls during an incremental handgrip exercise test. Two groups of subjects were studied: 11 patients with MM and 11 age- and gender-matched untrained healthy controls. A handgrip exercise until exhaustion protocol was used consisting of 2 min periods of work (½ Hz) at different intensities, separated by a 60 s rest period. The changes in deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin (deoxy[Hb + Mb]) during each work step were expressed in percent to the maximum deoxy[Hb + Mb]-value measured during arterial occlusion in forearm muscles. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the increase in deoxy[Hb + Mb] between MM patients and controls with increasing intensity. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between both populations (P < 0.001) indicating that the increase in deoxy[Hb + Mb] showed a significantly different pattern in the two populations. In the post hoc analysis significant lower deoxy[Hb + Mb] -values were found for MM patients at every intensity. The results of this paper show significantly different skeletal muscle oxygenation responses, measured with an optical method as NIRS, between MM patients and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects at submaximal and maximal level during an incremental handgrip exercise. This optical method is thus a valuable tool to assess differences in peripheral oxygenation. Moreover, this method could be used as an evaluation tool for follow up in interventional pharmacological studies and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Celie
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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143
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Horiuchi M, Endo J, Thijssen DHJ. Impact of ischemic preconditioning on functional sympatholysis during handgrip exercise in humans. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12304. [PMID: 25713329 PMCID: PMC4393211 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated bouts of ischemia followed by reperfusion, known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC), is found to improve exercise performance. As redistribution of blood from the inactive areas to active skeletal muscles during exercise (i.e., functional sympatholysis) is important for exercise performance, we examined the hypothesis that IPC improves functional sympatholysis in healthy, young humans. In a randomized study, 15 healthy young men performed a 10-min resting period, dynamic handgrip exercise at 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and 25% MVC. This protocol was preceded by IPC (IPC; 4 × 5-min 220-mmHg unilateral occlusion) or a sham intervention (CON; 4 × 5-min 20-mmHg unilateral occlusion). Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle (HbO2 + MbO2) in response to sympathetic activation (via cold pressor test (CPT)) at baseline and during handgrip exercise (at 10% and 25%). In resting conditions, HbO2 + MbO2 significantly decreased during CPT (−11.0 ± 1.0%), which was significantly larger during the IPC-trial (−13.8 ± 1.2%, P = 0.006). During handgrip exercise at 10% MVC, changes in HbO2 + MbO2 in response to the CPT were blunted after IPC (−8.8 ± 1.5%) and CON (−8.3 ± 0.4%, P = 0.593). During handgrip exercise at 25% MVC, HbO2 + MbO2 in response to the CPT increased (2.0 ± 0.4%), whereas this response was significantly larger when preceded by IPC (4.2 ± 0.6%, P = 0.027). Collectively, these results indicate that IPC-induced different vascular changes at rest and during moderate exercise in response to sympathetic activation. This suggests that, in healthy volunteers, exposure to IPC may alter tissue oxygenation during sympathetic stimulation at rest and during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Fuji-yoshida cityYamanashi, Japan
| | - Junko Endo
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Fuji-yoshida cityYamanashi, Japan
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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144
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Broxterman RM, Ade CJ, Craig JC, Wilcox SL, Schlup SJ, Barstow TJ. Influence of blood flow occlusion on muscle oxygenation characteristics and the parameters of the power-duration relationship. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:880-9. [PMID: 25663673 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00875.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously (Monod H, Scherrer J. Ergonomics 8: 329-338, 1965) postulated that blood flow occlusion during exercise would reduce critical power (CP) to 0 Watts (W), while not altering the curvature constant (W'). We empirically assessed the influence of blood flow occlusion on CP, W', and muscle oxygenation characteristics. Ten healthy men (age: 24.8 ± 2.6 yr; height: 180 ± 5 cm; weight: 84.6 ± 10.1 kg) completed four constant-power handgrip exercise tests during both control blood flow (control) and blood flow occlusion (occlusion) for the determination of the power-duration relationship. Occlusion CP (-0.7 ± 0.4 W) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than control CP (4.1 ± 0.7 W) and significantly (P < 0.001) lower than 0 W. Occlusion W' (808 ± 155 J) was significantly (P < 0.001) different from control W' (558 ± 129 J), and all 10 subjects demonstrated an increased occlusion W' with a mean increase of ∼49%. The present findings support the aerobic nature of CP. The findings also demonstrate that the amount of work that can be performed above CP is constant for a given condition, but can vary across conditions. Moreover, this amount of work that can be performed above CP does not appear to be the determinant of W', but rather a consequence of the depletion of intramuscular energy stores and/or the accumulation of fatigue-inducing metabolites, which limit exercise tolerance and determine W'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; and
| | - C J Ade
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - J C Craig
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - S L Wilcox
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - S J Schlup
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - T J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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145
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Vogiatzis I, Habazettl H, Louvaris Z, Andrianopoulos V, Wagner H, Zakynthinos S, Wagner PD. A method for assessing heterogeneity of blood flow and metabolism in exercising normal human muscle by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:783-93. [PMID: 25593285 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00458.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the distribution of both blood flow (Q̇) and O2 consumption (V̇O2) has not been assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in exercising normal human muscle. We used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the regional distribution of Q̇ and V̇O2 in six trained cyclists at rest and during constant-load exercise (unloaded pedaling, 20%, 50%, and 80% of peak Watts) in both normoxia and hypoxia (inspired O2 fraction = 0.12). Over six optodes over the upper, middle, and lower vastus lateralis, we recorded 1) indocyanine green dye inflow after intravenous injection to measure Q̇; and 2) fractional tissue O2 saturation (StiO2) to estimate local V̇O2-to-Q̇ ratios (V̇o2/Q̇). Varying both exercise intensity and inspired O2 fraction provided a (directly measured) femoral venous O2 saturation range from about 10 to 70%, and a correspondingly wide range in StiO2. Mean Q̇-weighted StiO2 over the six optodes related linearly to femoral venous O2 saturation in each subject. We used this relationship to compute local muscle venous blood O2 saturation from StiO2 recorded at each optode, from which local V̇O2/Q̇ could be calculated by the Fick principle. Multiplying regional V̇O2/Q̇ by Q̇ yielded the corresponding local V̇O2. While six optodes along only in one muscle may not fully capture the extent of heterogeneity, relative dispersion of both Q̇ and V̇O2 was ∼0.4 under all conditions, while that for V̇O2/Q̇ was minimal (only ∼0.1), indicating in fit young subjects 1) a strong capacity to regulate Q̇ according to regional metabolic need; and 2) a likely minimal impact of heterogeneity on muscle O2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vogiatzis
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;
| | - Helmut Habazettl
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Anesthesiology, German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zafeiris Louvaris
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Andrianopoulos
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harrieth Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Spyros Zakynthinos
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter D Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Institute of Clinical Exercise & Health Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
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146
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Ishii K, Matsukawa K, Liang N, Endo K, Idesako M, Hamada H, Kataoka T, Ueno K, Watanabe T, Takahashi M. Differential contribution of ACh-muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors to vasodilatation in noncontracting muscle during voluntary one-legged exercise. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e12202. [PMID: 25413322 PMCID: PMC4255809 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated the centrally induced cholinergic vasodilatation in skeletal muscle at the early period of voluntary one-legged exercise and during motor imagery in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine whether central command may also cause β-adrenergic vasodilatation during the exercise and motor imagery. Relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) of bilateral vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, as index of tissue blood flow, and femoral blood flow to nonexercising limb were measured during one-legged cycling and mental imagery of the exercise for 1 min before and after propranolol (0.1 mg/kg iv). The Oxy-Hb of noncontracting muscle increased (P < 0.05) at the early period of exercise and the increase was sustained throughout exercise, whereas the Oxy-Hb of contracting muscle increased at the early period but thereafter decreased. We subtracted the Oxy-Hb response with propranolol from the control response in individual subjects to identify the propranolol-sensitive component of the Oxy-Hb response during exercise. In both noncontracting and contracting VL muscles, the increase in Oxy-Hb at the early period of one-legged exercise did not involve a significant propranolol-sensitive component. However, as the exercise proceeded, the propranolol-sensitive component of the Oxy-Hb response was developed during the later period of exercise. Propranolol also failed to affect the initial increases in femoral blood flow and vascular conductance of nonexercising leg but significantly attenuated (P < 0.05) their later increases during exercise. Subsequent atropine (10-15 μg/kg iv) abolished the initial increases in Oxy-Hb of both VL muscles. Mental imagery of the one-legged exercise caused the bilateral increases in Oxy-Hb, which were not altered by propranolol but abolished by subsequent atropine. It is likely that the rapid cholinergic and delayed β-adrenergic vasodilator mechanisms cooperate to increase muscle blood flow during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kanji Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kana Endo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Idesako
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kataoka
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ueno
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tae Watanabe
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Department of Biomechanics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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147
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Effects of increased skin blood flow on muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation: comparison of time-resolved and continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:335-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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148
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Kjeld T, Rasmussen MR, Jattu T, Nielsen HB, Secher NH. Ischemic preconditioning of one forearm enhances static and dynamic apnea. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:151-5. [PMID: 23846166 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a4090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic preconditioning enhances ergometer cycling and swimming performance. We evaluated whether ischemic preconditioning of one forearm (four times for 5 min) also affects static breath hold and underwater swimming, whereas the effect of similar preconditioning on ergometer rowing served as control because the warm-up for rowing regularly encompasses intense exercise and therefore reduced muscle oxygenation. METHODS Six divers performed a dry static breath hold, 11 divers swam underwater in an indoor pool, and 14 oarsmen rowed "1000 m" on an ergometer. RESULTS Ischemic preconditioning reduced the forearm oxygen saturation from 65% ± 7% to 19% ± 7% (mean ± SD; P < 0.001), determined using spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. During the breath hold (315 s, range = 280-375 s), forearm oxygenation decreased to 29% ± 10%; and in preparation for rowing, right thigh oxygenation decreased from 66% ± 7% to 33% ± 14% (P < 0.05). Ischemic preconditioning prolonged the breath hold from 279 ± 72 to 327 ± 39 s, and the underwater swimming distance from 110 ± 16 to 119 ± 14 m (P < 0.05) and also the rowing time was reduced (from 186.5 ± 3.6 to 185.7 ± 3.6 s; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that while the effect of ischemic preconditioning (of one forearm) on ergometer rowing was minimal, probably because of reduced muscle oxygenation during the warm-up, ischemic preconditioning does enhance both static and dynamic apnea, supporting that muscle ischemia is an important preparation for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kjeld
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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149
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Roberts LA, Nosaka K, Coombes JS, Peake JM. Cold water immersion enhances recovery of submaximal muscle function after resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R998-R1008. [PMID: 25121612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of cold water immersion (CWI) on the recovery of muscle function and physiological responses after high-intensity resistance exercise. Using a randomized, cross-over design, 10 physically active men performed high-intensity resistance exercise followed by one of two recovery interventions: 1) 10 min of CWI at 10°C or 2) 10 min of active recovery (low-intensity cycling). After the recovery interventions, maximal muscle function was assessed after 2 and 4 h by measuring jump height and isometric squat strength. Submaximal muscle function was assessed after 6 h by measuring the average load lifted during 6 sets of 10 squats at 80% of 1 repetition maximum. Intramuscular temperature (1 cm) was also recorded, and venous blood samples were analyzed for markers of metabolism, vasoconstriction, and muscle damage. CWI did not enhance recovery of maximal muscle function. However, during the final three sets of the submaximal muscle function test, participants lifted a greater load (P < 0.05, Cohen's effect size: 1.3, 38%) after CWI compared with active recovery. During CWI, muscle temperature decreased ∼7°C below postexercise values and remained below preexercise values for another 35 min. Venous blood O2 saturation decreased below preexercise values for 1.5 h after CWI. Serum endothelin-1 concentration did not change after CWI, whereas it decreased after active recovery. Plasma myoglobin concentration was lower, whereas plasma IL-6 concentration was higher after CWI compared with active recovery. These results suggest that CWI after resistance exercise allows athletes to complete more work during subsequent training sessions, which could enhance long-term training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llion A Roberts
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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150
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Yolcu S, Erdur B. Use of tissue oxygenation (StO2) monitor in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32:938-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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