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Hayden MR. An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of COVID-19 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of β-Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:E2475. [PMID: 33202960 PMCID: PMC7697826 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 19 March 2020. This pandemic is associated with markedly elevated blood glucose levels and a remarkable degree of insulin resistance, which suggests pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction or apoptosis and insulin's inability to dispose of glucose into cellular tissues. Diabetes is known to be one of the top pre-existing co-morbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 along with hypertension, cardiocerebrovascular disease, advanced age, male gender, and recently obesity. This review focuses on how COVID-19 may be responsible for the accelerated development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as one of its acute and suspected long-term complications. These observations implicate an active role of metabolic syndrome, systemic and tissue islet renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, redox stress, inflammation, islet fibrosis, amyloid deposition along with β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in those who develop T2DM. Utilizing light and electron microscopy in preclinical rodent models and human islets may help to better understand how COVID-19 accelerates islet and β-cell injury and remodeling to result in the long-term complications of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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102
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Protective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on the Kidneys of Diabetic Rats through the Nrf2 Signalling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5205903. [PMID: 33062013 PMCID: PMC7542509 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5205903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a powerful antioxidant that is believed to protect the kidney through antioxidant action. However, the underlying mechanism of GSPE protection against DN remains unclear. Objective To explore if GSPE can improve DN by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response element signalling and to clarify its possible mechanism. Materials and methods. Ten healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as controls. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were randomly divided into three groups (10 animals/group): type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (untreated), L-GSPE group (treated with 125-mg/kg/day GSPE for 8 weeks), and H-GSPE group (treated with 250 mg/kg/day GSPE for 8 weeks). Results Renal histopathological results indicated limited pathological damage in GSPE-treated groups. Compared with the T2DM group, the H-GSPE group had significantly reduced kidney weight and renal index. Similarly, the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, urinary albumin, and renal malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) were also significantly decreased. In addition, GSPE significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidative capability, and glutathione (p < 0.05) as well as the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD (P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that GSPE reduced renal damage in rats with diabetes by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway, which consequently increased the antioxidant capacity of the tissue. Therefore, GSPE is a potential natural agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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103
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Tozour J, Hughes F, Carrier A, Vieau D, Delahaye F. Prenatal Hyperglycemia Exposure and Cellular Stress, a Sugar-Coated View of Early Programming of Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1359. [PMID: 32977673 PMCID: PMC7598660 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has quadrupled since 1980 reaching 422 million in 2014 (World Health Organization). This distressing rise in diabetes also affects pregnant women and thus, in regard to early programming of adult diseases, creates a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction passed from one generation to another. Metabolic diseases are complex and caused by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. High-glucose exposure during in utero development, as observed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is an established risk factor for metabolic diseases. Despite intense efforts to better understand this phenomenon of early memory little is known about the molecular mechanisms associating early exposure to long-term diseases risk. However, evidence promotes glucose associated oxidative stress as one of the molecular mechanisms able to influence susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Thus, we decided here to further explore the relationship between early glucose exposure and cellular stress in the context of early development, and focus on the concept of glycemic memory, its consequences, and sexual dimorphic and epigenetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tozour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;
| | - Francine Hughes
- Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Arnaud Carrier
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Université de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Didier Vieau
- BiologyDepartment, LilNCog Lille Neurosciences and Cognition U 1172, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Université de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
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104
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Włodarski A, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186902. [PMID: 32962281 PMCID: PMC7555602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
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105
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The Role of BRG1 in Antioxidant and Redox Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6095673. [PMID: 33014273 PMCID: PMC7512085 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6095673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is regulated by critical molecules that modulate antioxidant and redox signaling (ARS) within the cell. Imbalances among these molecules can lead to oxidative stress and damage to cell functions, causing a variety of diseases. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), also known as SMARCA4, is the central ATPase catalytic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, which plays a core role in DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcriptional regulation. Numerous recent studies show that BRG1 is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes associated with ARS. BRG1, as a major factor in chromatin remodeling, is essential for the repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and the activation of antioxidant genes under oxidative stress. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of BRG1 in redox homeostasis is crucial to understand the normal functioning as well as pathological mechanisms. In this review, we summarized and discussed the role of BRG1 in the regulation of ARS.
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106
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Khoshnaw DM, Ghadge AA. Yoga as a complementary therapy for metabolic syndrome: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 19:6-12. [PMID: 32952098 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a sedentary and stressful lifestyle and affects underactive people disproportionately. Yoga is considered to be a low-impact mind-body stress-relieving exercise, and researchers are increasing their focus on the benefits of yoga for managing metabolic disorders. It is also important for physicians and health care professionals to understand the therapeutic efficacy of yoga intervention, in terms of its type, duration and frequency on various MS risk factors. The present review summarizes the current scientific understanding of the effects of yoga on MS risk factors such as glucose homeostasis markers, lipid profile, adipocytokines and cardiovascular risk factors, and discusses the possible mechanisms of action. MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception up to December 2019, using the keywords "metabolic syndrome," "diabetes," "cardiovascular diseases," "obesity" and "yoga." The literature summarized in this review have shown mixed effects of yoga on MS risk factors and do not provide robust evidence for its efficacy. More rigorous research and well-designed trials that have a higher standard of methodology and evaluate yoga's long-term impacts on MS are needed. Understanding yoga's biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action on various metabolic pathways is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dastan M Khoshnaw
- Department of Botany, Fergusson College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Abhijit A Ghadge
- Diabetes Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
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107
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Barakat AZ, Bassuiny RI, Abdel-Aty AM, Mohamed SA. Diabetic complications and oxidative stress: The role of phenolic-rich extracts of saw palmetto and date palm seeds. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13416. [PMID: 32885876 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the date palm seed (DP) and saw palmetto seed (SP) extracts possessed a great amount of phenolic contents with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of DP and SP phenolic-rich extracts in modulating diabetic complications and oxidative stress in the STZ- diabetic rat. DP and SP extracts significantly inhibited both microbial and pancreatic α-amylases. The STZ-induced diabetic rat groups treated with DP and SP extracts exhibited reversed hyperglycemia (40% and 54%, p < .001-.01) and body weight (70%, p < .001) alteration close to normal. Moreover, DP and SP extracts modulated serious damages in the structures of the pancreas, kidney, and liver of diabetic rats. DP and SP extracts improved the decline of the activities of antioxidant enzymes: Catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver, kidney, and pancreas of the diabetic rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Generally, date seed is a rich source of dietary fibers, polyphenols, and antioxidants and used in foods and pharmaceuticals. Our study reported that date palm seed (DP) and saw palmetto seed (SP) phenolic-rich extracts attenuated diabetes and its complications, probably tissue regeneration and normalizing the oxidative stress in the STZ-induced diabetic rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Z Barakat
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roqaya I Bassuiny
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza M Abdel-Aty
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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108
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Bellezza I, Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. Reductive stress in striated muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3547-3565. [PMID: 32072237 PMCID: PMC11105111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition of sustained increase in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Reductive stress is emerging as an important pathophysiological event in several diseased states, being as detrimental as is oxidative stress. Occurrence of reductive stress has been documented in several cardiomyopathies and is an important pathophysiological factor particularly in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Excess activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2-the master regulator of the antioxidant response-, consequent in most cases to defective autophagy, can lead to reductive stress. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced activation of the polyol pathway can lead to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, which might translate into increased levels of hydrogen sulfide-via enhanced activity of cystathionine β-synthase-that would fuel reductive stress through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Reductive stress may be either a potential weapon against cancer priming tumor cells to apoptosis or a cancer's ally promoting tumor cell proliferation and making tumor cells resistant to reactive oxygen species-inducing drugs. In non-cancer pathological states reductive stress is definitely harmful paradoxically leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction via excess NADPH oxidase 4 activity. In face of the documented occurrence of reductive stress in several heart diseases, there is much less information about the occurrence and effects of reductive stress in skeletal muscle tissue. In the present review we describe relevant results emerged from studies of reductive stress in the heart and review skeletal muscle conditions in which reductive stress has been experimentally documented and those in which reductive stress might have an as yet unrecognized pathophysiological role. Establishing whether reductive stress has a (patho)physiological role in skeletal muscle will hopefully contribute to answer the question whether antioxidant supplementation to the general population, athletes, and a large cohort of patients (e.g. heart, sarcopenic, dystrophic, myopathic, cancer, and bronco-pulmonary patients) is harmless or detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario Di Ricerca Sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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109
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Lloret A, Monllor P, Fuchsberger T, Giraldo E, Perluigi M, Vina J. Increased basal antioxidant levels in RCAN1 - deficient mice lowers oxidative injury after acute paraquat insult. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:442-454. [PMID: 32686528 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1798002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RCAN1 is an inhibitor of the phosphatase calcineurin, which is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, among other important cell processes. Here we have used RCAN1 deficient mice (RCAN1-/-) to elucidate its role after an acute oxidative insult such as paraquat injection. We have observed that RCAN1-/- mice show less oxidative damage than wildtype (WT) mice after treatment. Under basal conditions, RCAN1-/- animals express more calcineurin, heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2, and catalase compared to WT mice (controls). This may explain the less severe effect of paraquat treatment on RCAN1-/- mice compared to WT. We showed that oxidative stress is involved in the early stages of apoptosis, thus we determined the apoptotic effector BAD and found that decreases in RCAN1-/- mice after treatment with paraquat compared with WT in similar experimental conditions. Our results suggest that RCAN1 may be involved in the balance between oxidant and antioxidant species production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tanja Fuchsberger
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Giraldo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,The Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jose Vina
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Wu Y, Yuan Y, Wu C, Jiang T, Wang B, Xiong J, Zheng P, Li Y, Xu J, Xu K, Liu Y, Li X, Xiao J. The Reciprocal Causation of the ASK1-JNK1/2 Pathway and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Decline. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602. [PMID: 32766246 PMCID: PMC7379134 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes significantly induces cognitive dysfunction. Neuronal apoptosis is the main cause of diabetes-induced cognitive decline (DICD). Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are remarkably activated by diabetes. The role and relationship of ASK1-JNK1/2 signaling and ER stress in DICD have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used db/db mice as the DICD animal model and confirmed that db/db mice displayed cognitive decline with inferior learning and memory function. Diabetes significantly induced morphological and structural changes, excessive neuronal apoptosis, Aβ1 - 42 large deposition, and synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus. Mechanistic studies found that diabetes significantly triggered ASK1-JNK1/2 signaling activation and increased ER stress in the hippocampus. Moreover, diabetes enhanced the formation of the IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1 complex, which promotes the crosstalk of ER stress and the ASK1-JNK1/2 pathway during DICD. Furthermore, 4-PBA treatment blocked high glucose (HG)-induced ASK1-JNK1/2 signaling activation, and excessive apoptosis in vitro. Inhibiting ASK1 via siRNA remarkably ameliorated the HG-induced increase in p-IRE1α and associated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting that ASK1 is essential for the assembly and function of the proapoptotic kinase activity of the IRE1α signalosome. In summary, ER stress and ASK1-JNK1/2 signaling play causal roles in DICD development, which has crosstalk through the formation of the IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiate Xiangshang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beini Wang
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zheng
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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111
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Muronetz VI, Melnikova AK, Saso L, Schmalhausen EV. Influence of Oxidative Stress on Catalytic and Non-glycolytic Functions of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2040-2058. [PMID: 29848267 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180530101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a unique enzyme that, besides its main function in glycolysis (catalysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation), possesses a number of non-glycolytic activities. The present review summarizes information on the role of oxidative stress in the regulation of the enzymatic activity as well as non-glycolytic functions of GAPDH. METHODS Based on the analysis of literature data and the results obtained in our research group, mechanisms of the regulation of GAPDH functions through the oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups in the active site of the enzyme have been suggested. RESULTS Mechanism of GAPDH oxidation includes consecutive oxidation of the catalytic Cysteine (Cys150) into sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acid derivatives, resulting in the complete inactivation of the enzyme. The cysteine sulfenic acid reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a mixed disulfide (S-glutathionylated GAPDH) that further reacts with Cys154 yielding the disulfide bond in the active site of the enzyme. In contrast to the sulfinic and sulfonic acids, the mixed disulfide and the intramolecular disulfide bond are reversible oxidation products that can be reduced in the presence of GSH or thioredoxin. CONCLUSION Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in the active site of GAPDH is unavoidable due to the enhanced reactivity of Cys150. The irreversible oxidation of Cys150 is prevented by Sglutathionylation and disulfide bonding with Cys154. The oxidation/reduction of the sulfhydryl groups in the active site of GAPDH can be used for regulation of glycolysis and numerous side activities of this enzyme including the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra K Melnikova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer"Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena V Schmalhausen
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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112
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van der Kooij MA. The impact of chronic stress on energy metabolism. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103525. [PMID: 32629109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is exceptionally demanding in terms of energy metabolism. Approximately 20% of the calories consumed are devoted to our cerebral faculties, with the lion's share provided in the form of glucose. The brain's stringent energy dependency requires a high degree of harmonization between the elements responsible for supplying- and metabolizing energetic substrates. However, chronic stress may jeopardize this homeostatic energy balance by disruption of critical metabolic processes. In agreement, stress-related mental disorders have been linked with perturbations in energy metabolism. Prominent stress-induced metabolic alterations include the actions of hormones, glucose uptake and mitochondrial adjustments. Importantly, fundamental stress-responsive metabolic adjustments in humans and animal models bear a striking resemblance. Here, an overview is provided of key findings, demonstrating the pervasive impact of chronic stress on energy metabolism. Furthermore, I argue that medications, aimed primarily at restoring metabolic homeostasis, may constitute a novel approach to treat mental disorders.
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113
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Jiang T, Yang W, Zhang H, Song Z, Liu T, Lv X. Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through SIRT1 Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:596. [PMID: 32695008 PMCID: PMC7338566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains a significant factor for the early mortality of lung transplantations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for 5-year mortality following lung transplantation. Our previous study showed that DM aggravated lung IR injury and that oxidative stress played a key role in this process. Previously, we demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protected against diabetic lung IR injury by suppressing oxidative damage. This study aimed to examine the mechanism by which H2S affects diabetic lung IR injury. High-fat-diet-fed streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats were exposed to GYY4137, a slow-releasing H2S donor with or without administration of EX527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor), and then subjected to a surgical model of IR injury of the lung. Lung function, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation were assessed. We found that impairment of lung SIRT1 signaling under type 2 diabetic conditions was further exacerbated by IR injury. GYY4137 treatment markedly activated SIRT1 signaling and ameliorated lung IR injury in type 2 DM animals by improving lung functional recovery, diminishing oxidative damage, reducing inflammation, and suppressing cell apoptosis. However, these effects were largely compromised by EX527. Additionally, treatment with GYY4137 significantly activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway and increased eNOS phosphorylation. However, these effects were largely abolished by EX527. Together, our results indicate that GYY4137 treatment effectively attenuated lung IR injury under type 2 diabetic conditions via activation of lung SIRT1 signaling. SIRT1 activation upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 and activated the eNOS-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway, thus reducing cell apoptosis and inflammation and eventually preserving lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology (Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daqing Fifth Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology (Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology (Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Singh R, Ashish A, Shah A, Shekhar Pandey S. Interaction between oxidative stress and diabetes: a mini-review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2020.07.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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115
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Kheiripour N, Alipoor B, Ranjbar A, Pourfarjam Y, Kazemi Najafabadi F, Dehkhodaei N, Farhadiannezhad M, Ghasemi H. The effects of synthetic orally administrated insulin nanoparticles in comparison to injectable insulin on the renal function markers of type 1- diabetic rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:810-818. [PMID: 32695298 PMCID: PMC7351444 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.42292.9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Injectable insulin is the most widely used therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes which has several disadvantages. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable insulin on diabetes mellitus-related complications in comparison to orally encapsulated insulin nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved 42 Wistar rats separated into 5 groups, including control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic receiving regular insulin (INS), diabetic receiving encapsulated insulin nanoparticle (INP), and diabetic receiving chitosan for two months. Biochemical parameters in serum and urine were measured using spectrophotometric or ELISA methods. mRNA levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were evaluated using quantitative PCR. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two forms of insulin in controlling the glycemic condition (P-value>0.05), but oral INP was more effective in correcting diabetic dyslipidemia in comparison to injectable insulin (P-value<0.05). Urine volume and creatinine excretion were significantly modulated by insulin and oral INP in diabetic groups (P-value<0.05), although the effects of INP on the modulation of execration of urea, acid uric, and albumin was more dramatic. Oral INP caused a significant decrease in urine concentration of KIM-1 and NGAL as well as expression of KIM-1 in renal tissue (P-value<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that oral INP is more effective than injectable insulin in modulation of urine and serum diabetic-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Kheiripour
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Behnam Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yasin Pourfarjam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Farzaneh Kazemi Najafabadi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Narges Dehkhodaei
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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Abstract
Significance: Reducing equivalents (NAD(P)H and glutathione [GSH]) are essential for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and for modulating cellular metabolism. Reductive stress induced by excessive levels of reduced NAD+ (NADH), reduced NADP+ (NADPH), and GSH is as harmful as oxidative stress and is implicated in many pathological processes. Recent Advances: Reductive stress broadens our view of the importance of cellular redox homeostasis and the influences of an imbalanced redox niche on biological functions, including cell metabolism. Critical Issues: The distribution of cellular NAD(H), NADP(H), and GSH/GSH disulfide is highly compartmentalized. Understanding how cells coordinate different pools of redox couples under unstressed and stressed conditions is critical for a comprehensive view of redox homeostasis and stress. It is also critical to explore the underlying mechanisms of reductive stress and its biological consequences, including effects on energy metabolism. Future Directions: Future studies are needed to investigate how reductive stress affects cell metabolism and how cells adapt their metabolism to reductive stress. Whether or not NADH shuttles and mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase enzyme can regulate hypoxia-induced reductive stress is also a worthy pursuit. Developing strategies (e.g., antireductant approaches) to counteract reductive stress and its related adverse biological consequences also requires extensive future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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117
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Jiang S, Young JL, Wang K, Qian Y, Cai L. Diabetic‑induced alterations in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism: The role of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:603-611. [PMID: 32468027 PMCID: PMC7339764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health concern in society. Type 1 and type 2 DM are the two main types of diabetes; both types are chronic diseases that affect glucose metabolism in the body and the impaired regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism promotes the development and progression of DM. During the physiological metabolism process, the liver serves a unique role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The present article aimed to review the association between DM and glucose metabolism in the liver and discuss the changes of the following hepatic glucose fluxes: Gluconeogenesis, glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycling, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Moreover, the incidence of fatty liver in DM was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saizhi Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jamie L Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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118
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Ma WX, Li CY, Tao R, Wang XP, Yan LJ. Reductive Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5136957. [PMID: 32566086 PMCID: PMC7277050 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5136957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review was to summarize reported studies focusing on cellular reductive stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, dithiothreitol- (DTT-) induced reductive stress, and reductive stress-related free radical reactions published in the past five years. Reductive stress is considered to be a double-edged sword in terms of antioxidation and disease induction. As many underlying mechanisms are still unclear, further investigations are obviously warranted. Nonetheless, reductive stress is thought to be caused by elevated levels of cellular reducing power such as NADH, glutathione, and NADPH; and this area of research has attracted increasing attention lately. Albeit, we think there is a need to conduct further studies in identifying more indicators of the risk assessment and prevention of developing heart damage as well as exploring more targets for cardiomyopathy treatment. Hence, it is expected that further investigation of underlying mechanisms of reductive stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will provide novel insights into therapeutic approaches for ameliorating reductive stress-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 266034 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
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119
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TNF α Mediates the Interaction of Telomeres and Mitochondria Induced by Hyperglycemia: A Rural Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8235873. [PMID: 32454945 PMCID: PMC7222557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8235873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in a noninterventional rural community of China with different glucose tolerance statuses. In addition, we investigate whether the indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation were involved and identify mediators among them. A total of 450 subjects in rural China were included and divided into two groups according to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): the abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM, n = 257, 57.1%) group and the normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 193, 42.9%) group. Indicators of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR)) and inflammatory indices (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were all determined by ELISA. LTL and mtDNAcn were measured using a real-time PCR assay. Linear regressions were used to adjust for covariates that might affect the relationship between LTL and mtDNAcn. Mediation analyses were utilized to evaluate the mediators. In the AGM, LTL was correlated with mtDNAcn (r = 0.214, p = 0.001), but no correlation was found in the NGT. The association between LTL and mtDNAcn was weakened after adjusting for inflammatory factors in the AGM (p = 0.087). LTL and mtDNAcn were both inversely related to HbA1c, IL-6, TNFα, and SOD activity. Mediation analysis demonstrated that TNFα was a significant mediator in the telomere-mitochondrial interactome in the AGM. This result suggests that inflammation and oxidative stress may play a vital role in telomere shortening as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. In the subjects with hyperglycemia, a significant positive correlation is observed between LTL and mtDNAcn, which is probably mediated by TNFα. TNFα may be considered a potential therapeutic target against aging-related disease in hyperglycemia.
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120
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Kumar V, Agrawal R, Pandey A, Kopf S, Hoeffgen M, Kaymak S, Bandapalli OR, Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Mall MA, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Compromised DNA repair is responsible for diabetes-associated fibrosis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103477. [PMID: 32338774 PMCID: PMC7265245 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated organ fibrosis, marked by elevated cellular senescence, is a growing health concern. Intriguingly, the mechanism underlying this association remained unknown. Moreover, insulin alone can neither reverse organ fibrosis nor the associated secretory phenotype, favoring the exciting notion that thus far unknown mechanisms must be operative. Here, we show that experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes impairs DNA repair, leading to senescence, inflammatory phenotypes, and ultimately fibrosis. Carbohydrates were found to trigger this cascade by decreasing the NAD+ /NADH ratio and NHEJ-repair in vitro and in diabetes mouse models. Restoring DNA repair by nuclear over-expression of phosphomimetic RAGE reduces DNA damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, thereby restoring organ function. Our study provides a novel conceptual framework for understanding diabetic fibrosis on the basis of persistent DNA damage signaling and points to unprecedented approaches to restore DNA repair capacity for resolution of fibrosis in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raman Agrawal
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aparamita Pandey
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Hoeffgen
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serap Kaymak
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Germany
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ÇETİNER Ö, RAKICIOĞLU N. Hiperglisemi, Oksidatif Stres ve Tip 2 Diyabette Oksidatif Stres Belirteçlerinin Tanımlanması. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.25048/tudod.638744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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122
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Nguelefack TB, Fofie CK, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Wuyt AK. Multimodal α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition and Antioxidant Effect of the Aqueous and Methanol Extracts from the Trunk Bark of Ceiba pentandra. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3063674. [PMID: 32382543 PMCID: PMC7191384 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3063674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are important factors that worsen the health condition of patients with type 2 diabetes. We recently showed that extracts from Ceiba pentandra mitigate hyperglycemia in dexamethasone- and high diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Herein, we evaluated the postprandial regulatory properties and the antioxidant effects of the aqueous (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts from the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra. The phytochemical analysis of AE and ME was performed using the LC-MS technique and the total phenolic and flavonoid assays. Both extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit superoxide anion (O2 •ـ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), protein oxidation, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase activities. The mode of enzyme inhibition was also determined in a kinetic study. AE and ME were both rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. ME was 2.13 and 1.91 times more concentrated than AE in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, respectively. LC-MS allowed the identification of 5 compounds in both extracts. ME and AE inhibited O2 •ـ with IC50 of 51.81 and 34.26 μg/ml, respectively. On H2O2, they exhibited IC50 of 44.84 and 1.78 μg/ml, respectively. Finally, they exhibited IC50 of 120.60 and 140.40 μg/ml, respectively, in the inhibition of protein oxidation induced by H2O2, while showing IC50 of 39.26 and 97.95 μg/ml on the protein oxidation induced by AAPH. ME and AE inhibited alpha-amylase with IC50 of 6.15 and 54.52 μg/ml, respectively. These extracts also inhibited alpha-glucosidase, demonstrating IC50 of 76.61 and 86.49 μg/ml. AE exhibited a mixed noncompetitive inhibition on both enzymes, whereas ME exhibited a competitive inhibition on α-amylase and a pure noncompetitive inhibition on α-glucosidase. These results demonstrate that ME and AE scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent their effects on biomolecules. Besides, ME and AE inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes. These properties may contribute to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and regulate glycemia in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telesphore Benoit Nguelefack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christian Kuete Fofie
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Adeline Kaptue Wuyt
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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123
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Carretero A, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Rios-Navarro C, Salvador-Pascual A, Bodi V, Viña J. Early reductive stress and late onset overexpression of antioxidant enzymes in experimental myocardial infarction. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:173-184. [PMID: 32103692 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1735632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a pathophysiological situation in which the cell becomes more reduced than in the normal, resting state. It represents a disturbance in the redox state that is harmful to biological systems. Our aim was to study the occurrence of reductive stress in the early phases of experimental myocardial infarction and to determine the mechanisms leading to such stress using a swine model. During the ischemic period, we found a decrease in the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) (0.7-0.3), in the lactate to pyruvate ratio (42.7-132.4), in protein glutathionylation (111.8-96.1), and in p38 phosphorylation (0.9-0.4). This was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of Thioredoxin (TXN) (0.6-1.9) and peroxiredoxin (PRDX6) (0.6-1.6) in different left ventricle areas. After reperfusion, there was a massive increase in oxidative damage markers including lipid peroxidation (0.2-0.4), protein carbonylation (144.9-462.8), and glutathionylation (111.8-176.8). Concomitantly, we found an activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (1.2-6.1) and of a set of antioxidant enzymes including TXN, PRDX6, glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). We describe an early reductive, followed by a late onset oxidative stress (1 week and 1 month after reperfusion) in a swine myocardial infarction model. The occurrence of an early reductive phase may explain the lack of effectiveness of antioxidant therapies when administered in the early phases after reperfusion of ischemic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Carretero
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cesar Rios-Navarro
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Salvador-Pascual
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Bodi
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Wojnar W, Zych M, Borymski S, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Chrysin Reduces Oxidative Stress but Does Not Affect Polyol Pathway in the Lenses of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020160. [PMID: 32079112 PMCID: PMC7070579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generation in diabetes which may affect various organs, including the eye. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the eye lens could lead to cataract formation. To cope with oxidative stress, the endogenous antioxidative system may be supported by the supplementation of exogenous antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid, on oxidative stress and polyol pathway-related markers in the lenses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 male diabetic rats. Chrysin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was administered by gavage for 28 days. This treatment resulted in a decrease in antioxidative enzymes activity and oxidative stress index. Moreover, chrysin administration elevated the reduced glutathione level in the lenses. A decrease in the markers linked to oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the lenses was noted, especially after treatment with 50 mg/kg of chrysin. Neither of the chrysin doses affected glycemia-related markers in the serum or altered parameters related to the polyol pathway and advanced glycation end-products level in the lenses of diabetic rats. Upon obtaining results, it can be concluded that chrysin reveals antioxidative activity in the lenses but shows no antihyperglycemic or antiglycation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-15-25
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Borymski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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Wang MZ, Gao J, Chu Y, Niu J, Chen M, Shang Q, Peng LH, Jiang ZH. Synthesis of crocetin derivatives and their potent inhibition in multiple tumor cells proliferation and inflammatory property of macrophage. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:29. [PMID: 32020873 PMCID: PMC7076819 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crocetin is a major active component of saffron, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, due to its low solubility, the pharmacological effects of crocetin cannot be better utilized. Methods In this study, we modified the chemical structure of crocetin by conjugating with ethylamine and 4-Fluorbenzylamine to enhance its solubility and biological activities. The solubility and the influence of synthesized derivatives on the proliferation of tumor cells and the inflammatory effect of macrophage were investigated. Results It was shown that, compared with the crocetin, the synthesized derivatives have much higher solubility. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the derivatives on varieties of tumor cells, including human ovarian carcinoma cell line, human lung cancer cell line, rat melanoma cell line was enhanced after the modification. Besides that, the derivatives were improved for the anti-inflammatory efficacy with the cytotoxicity decreased. Conclusions The synthesized derivatives were shown for their good solubility and the great potential in tumor and inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ze Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China.,Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China.
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127
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Tabassum R, Jeong NY, Jung J. Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:232-241. [PMID: 31552888 PMCID: PMC6905340 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an antioxidant molecule that has a wide range of biological effects against oxidative stress. Balanced oxidative stress is also vital for maintaining cellular function in biological system, where reactive oxygen species are the main source of oxidative stress. When the normal redox balance is disturbed, deoxyribonucleic acid, lipid, and protein molecules are oxidized under pathological conditions, like diabetes mellitus that leads to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In diabetes mellitus-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy, due to hyperglycemia, pancreatic beta cell (β cell) shows resistance to insulin secretion. As a consequence, glucose metabolism is disturbed in neuronal cells which are distracted from providing proper cell signaling pathway. Not only diabetic peripheral neuropathy but also other central damages occur in brain neuropathy. Neurological studies regarding type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have shown changes in the central nervous system because high blood glucose levels (HbA1c) appeared with poor cognitive function. Oxidative stress plays a role in inhibiting insulin signaling that is necessary for brain function. Hydrogen sulfide exhibits antioxidant effects against oxidative stress, where cystathionine β synthase, cystathionine γ lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are the endogenous sources of hydrogen sulfide. This review is to explore the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy and other neurological comorbid disorders under the oxidative stress condition and the anti-oxidative effects of hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiya Tabassum
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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128
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Álvarez-Almazán S, Filisola-Villaseñor JG, Alemán-González-Duhart D, Tamay-Cach F, Mendieta-Wejebe JE. Current molecular aspects in the development and treatment of diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:13-35. [PMID: 31925679 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to microvascular, macrovascular, and neurological complications. Less is understood about the mechanisms of this disease that give rise to weak bones. The many molecular mechanisms proposed to explain the damage caused by chronic hyperglycemia are organ and tissue dependent. Since all the different treatments for DM involve therapeutic activity combined with side effects and each patient represents a unique condition, there is no generalized therapy. The alterations stemming from hyperglycemia affect metabolism, osmotic pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In part, hemodynamic modifications are linked to the osmotic potential of the excess of carbohydrates implicated in the disease. The change in osmotic balance increases as the disease progresses because hyperglycemia becomes chronic. The aim of the current contribution is to provide an updated overview of the molecular mechanisms that participate in the development and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Álvarez-Almazán
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica Georgina Filisola-Villaseñor
- Laboratorio 2, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana Alemán-González-Duhart
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud-Unidad Santo Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. de los Maestros s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Feliciano Tamay-Cach
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Jessica Elena Mendieta-Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, México.
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129
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Lau MF, Chua KH, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR. Rosiglitazone enhances the apoptotic effect of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells with high-glucose-induced glutathione. Sci Prog 2020; 103:36850419886448. [PMID: 31795844 PMCID: PMC10452804 DOI: 10.1177/0036850419886448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil is the mainstay of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Previously, we have demonstrated that high glucose diminishes the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil by promoting cell cycle progression. The synergistic impact of rosiglitazone on 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis was further investigated in this study. Besides control cell lines (CCD-18Co), two human colonic carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116 and HT 29) were exposed to different treatments containing 5-fluorouracil, rosiglitazone or 5-fluorouracil/rosiglitazone combination under normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high-glucose (25 mM) conditions. The cellular oxidative stress level was evaluated with biomarkers of nitric oxide, advanced oxidation protein products, and reduced glutathione. The cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry technique. High glucose caused the production of reduced glutathione in HCT 116 and HT 29 cells. Correspondingly, high glucose suppressed the apoptotic effect of 5-fluorouracil and rosiglitazone. As compared to 5-fluorouracil alone (2 µg/mL), addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced the apoptosis (increment rate of 5-20%) in a dose-dependent manner at normal glucose and high glucose levels. This study indicates that high-glucose-induced reduced glutathione confers resistance to apoptosis, but it can be overcome upon treatment of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil/rosiglitazone combination. Rosiglitazone may be a promising antidiabetic drug to reduce the chemotherapeutic dose of 5-fluorouracil for colorectal cancer complicated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Lau
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek-Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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130
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Chung S, Roy AK, Webster TJ. Selenium Nanoparticle Protection of Fibroblast Stress: Activation of ATF4 and Bcl-xL Expression. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9995-10007. [PMID: 31908455 PMCID: PMC6930226 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, selenium nanostructures have been researched due to their antibacterial properties, low toxicity to mammalian cells, and high biological efficacy. However, the clinical implementation of the use of selenium has received mixed results, and there is much work needed to improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the observed cellular responses. Materials and methods In this work, an investigation into the mechanistic pathways of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in biological systems was conducted by studying the changes in gene expression of ATF4, Bcl-xL, BAD2, HSP70, and SOD2 in non-cancerous human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) under oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation stress, and no treatment (control) conditions. Results This study revealed that SeNP incubation led to reduced internal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for all conditions tested, thus, providing a protective environment for HDF. At the stress conditions, the expression of ATF4 and Bcl-xL increased for cells treated with SeNP incubation, leading to attenuation of the cells under stress. These results also hint at reductive stress causing a detrimental impact to cell proliferation under routine cell passaging conditions. Conclusion In summary, this study highlights some possible mechanistic pathways implicated in the action of SeNPs that warrant further investigation (specifically, reducing stress conditions for HDF) and continues to support the promise of SeNPs in a wide range of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amit K Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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131
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Ari C, Murdun C, Koutnik AP, Goldhagen CR, Rogers C, Park C, Bharwani S, Diamond DM, Kindy MS, D’Agostino DP, Kovács Z. Exogenous Ketones Lower Blood Glucose Level in Rested and Exercised Rodent Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2330. [PMID: 31581549 PMCID: PMC6835632 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress can be exacerbated by high blood glucose levels. Due to tight metabolic regulation, safely reducing blood glucose can prove difficult. The ketogenic diet (KD) reduces absolute glucose and insulin, while increasing fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and circulating levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone. Compliance to KD can be difficult, so alternative therapies that help reduce glucose levels are needed. Exogenous ketones provide an alternative method to elevate blood ketone levels without strict dietary requirements. In this study, we tested the changes in blood glucose and ketone (βHB) levels in response to acute, sub-chronic, and chronic administration of various ketogenic compounds in either a post-exercise or rested state. WAG/Rij (WR) rats, a rodent model of human absence epilepsy, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome mice (GLUT1D), and wild type Sprague Dawley rats (SPD) were assessed. Non-pathological animals were also assessed across different age ranges. Experimental groups included KD, standard diet (SD) supplemented with water (Control, C) or with exogenous ketones: 1, 3-butanediol (BD), βHB mineral salt (KS), KS with medium chain triglyceride/MCT (KSMCT), BD acetoacetate diester (KE), KE with MCT (KEMCT), and KE with KS (KEKS). In rested WR rats, the KE, KS, KSMCT groups had lower blood glucose level after 1 h of treatment, and in KE and KSMCT groups after 24 h. After exercise, the KE, KSMCT, KEKS, and KEMCT groups had lowered glucose levels after 1 h, and in the KEKS and KEMCT groups after 7 days, compared to control. In GLUT1D mice without exercise, only KE resulted in significantly lower glucose levels at week 2 and week 6 during a 10 weeks long chronic feeding study. In 4-month and 1-year-old SPD rats in the post-exercise trials, blood glucose was significantly lower in KD and KE, and in KEMCT groups, respectively. After seven days, the KSMCT group had the most significantly reduced blood glucose levels, compared to control. These results indicate that exogenous ketones were efficacious in reducing blood glucose levels within and outside the context of exercise in various rodent models of different ages, with and without pathology.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/pharmacology
- Acetoacetates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Butylene Glycols/pharmacology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/physiopathology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy
- Diet, Ketogenic
- Dietary Supplements
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Epilepsy, Absence/blood
- Epilepsy, Absence/genetics
- Epilepsy, Absence/physiopathology
- Epilepsy, Absence/therapy
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/deficiency
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/blood
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/deficiency
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/genetics
- Physical Exertion
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rest
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Ari
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.M.D.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
| | - Cem Murdun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
| | - Andrew P. Koutnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
| | - Craig R. Goldhagen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
| | - Christopher Rogers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
| | - Collin Park
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.M.D.)
| | - Sahil Bharwani
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.M.D.)
| | - David M. Diamond
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.M.D.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dominic P. D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (C.M.); (A.P.K.); (C.R.G.); (C.R.); (D.P.D.)
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Ocala, FL 33471, USA
| | - Zsolt Kovács
- Savaria Department of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Savaria University Centre, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
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132
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Abstract
Nutrient overload occurs worldwide as a consequence of the modern diet pattern and the physical inactivity that sometimes accompanies it. Cells initiate multiple protective mechanisms to adapt to elevated intracellular metabolites and restore metabolic homeostasis, but irreversible injury to the cells can occur in the event of prolonged nutrient overload. Many studies have advanced the understanding of the different detrimental effects of nutrient overload; however, few reports have made connections and given the full picture of the impact of nutrient overload on cellular metabolism. In this review, detailed changes in metabolic and energy homeostasis caused by chronic nutrient overload, as well as their associations with the development of metabolic disorders, are discussed. Overnutrition-induced changes in key organelles and sensors rewire cellular bioenergetic pathways and facilitate the shift of the metabolic state toward biosynthesis, thereby leading to the onset of various metabolic disorders, which are essentially the downstream manifestations of a misbalanced metabolic equilibrium. Based on these mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders and new research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vicki Schlegel
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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133
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Lund J, Ouwens DM, Wettergreen M, Bakke SS, Thoresen GH, Aas V. Increased Glycolysis and Higher Lactate Production in Hyperglycemic Myotubes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091101. [PMID: 31540443 PMCID: PMC6770141 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that chronic hyperglycemia impairs glucose and fatty acid oxidation in cultured human myotubes. To further study the hyperglycemia-induced suppression of oxidation, lactate oxidation, mitochondrial function and glycolytic rate were evaluated. Further, we examined the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), production of lactate and conducted pathway-ANOVA analysis on microarray data. In addition, the roles of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the hexosamine pathway were evaluated. Lactic acid oxidation was suppressed in hyperglycemic versus normoglycaemic myotubes. No changes in mitochondrial function or ROS concentration were observed. Pathway-ANOVA analysis indicated several upregulated pathways in hyperglycemic cells, including glycolysis and PPP. Functional studies showed that glycolysis and lactate production were higher in hyperglycemic than normoglycaemic cells. However, there were no indications of involvement of PPP or the hexosamine pathway. In conclusion, hyperglycemia reduced substrate oxidation while increasing glycolysis and lactate production in cultured human myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marianne Wettergreen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Siril S Bakke
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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134
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Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E430. [PMID: 31480505 PMCID: PMC6769509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevailing global health metabolic disorder, with an alarming incidence rate and a huge burden on health care providers. DM is characterized by the elevation of blood glucose due either to a defect in insulin synthesis, secretion, binding to receptor, or an increase of insulin resistance. The internal and external factors such as obesity, urbanizations, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of developing DM. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds existing as secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables as well as fungi. Their structure consists of 15 carbon skeletons and two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by three carbon chains. Flavonoids are furtherly classified into 6 subclasses: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Naturally occurring flavonoids possess anti-diabetic effects. As in vitro and animal model's studies demonstrate, they have the ability to prevent diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge addressing the antidiabetic effects of dietary flavonoids and their underlying molecular mechanisms on selected pathways: Glucose transporter, hepatic enzymes, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AMPK, PPAR, and NF-κB. Flavonoids improve the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through the regulation of glucose metabolism, hepatic enzymes activities, and a lipid profile. Most studies illustrate a positive role of specific dietary flavonoids on diabetes, but the mechanisms of action and the side effects need more clarification. Overall, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes treatment using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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Hatziagapiou K, Kakouri E, Lambrou GI, Bethanis K, Tarantilis PA. Antioxidant Properties of Crocus Sativus L. and Its Constituents and Relevance to Neurodegenerative Diseases; Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:377-402. [PMID: 29564976 PMCID: PMC6482475 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180321095705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, which are collectively called reactive oxygen-nitrogen species, are the inevitable by-products of cellular metabolic redox reactions, such as oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, phagocytosis, reactions of biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous substrata in endoplasmic reticulum, eicosanoid synthesis, and redox reactions in the presence of metal with variable valence. Among medicinal plants, there is growing interest in Crocus Sativus L. It is a perennial, stemless herb, belonging to Iridaceae family, cultivated in various countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Israel, Morocco, Turkey, Iran, India, China, Egypt and Mexico. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to address the protective role of Crocus Sativus L. in neurodegeneration with an emphasis in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted by two of the authors from 1993 to August 2017. Original articles and systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis), as well as case reports were selected. Titles and abstracts of papers were screened by a third reviewer to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. RESULTS Hence, the authors focused on the literature concerning the role of Crocus Sativus L. on its anti-oxidant and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSION Literature findings represented in current review herald promising results for using Crocus Sativus L. and/or its active constituents as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Hematology/Oncology Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Hematology/Oncology Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Bethanis
- Physics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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136
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Zhou W, Yao Y, Li J, Wu D, Zhao M, Yan Z, Pang A, Kong L. TIGAR Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via an Autophagy Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:193. [PMID: 31456661 PMCID: PMC6700368 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced neuronal apoptosis is one of the important reasons for diabetic neuropathy. Long-time exposure to high glucose accelerates many aberrant glucose metabolic pathways and eventually leads to neuronal injury. However, the underlying mechanisms of metabolic alterations remain unknown. TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is an endogenous inhibitor of glycolysis and increases the flux of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) by regulating glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). TIGAR is highly expressed in neurons, but its role in hyperglycemia-induced neuronal injury is still unclear. In this study, we observed that TIGAR and G6PD are decreased in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Correspondingly, in cultured primary neurons and Neuro-2a cell line, stimulation with high glucose induced significant neuronal apoptosis and down-regulation of TIGAR expression. Overexpression of TIGAR reduced the number of TUNEL-positive neurons and prevented the activation of Caspase-3 in cultured neurons. Furthermore, enhancing the expression of TIGAR rescued high glucose-induced autophagy impairment and the decrease of G6PD. Nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), a negative regulator of autophagy, is also inhibited by overexpression of TIGAR. Inhibition of autophagy abolished the protective effect of TIGAR in neuronal apoptosis in Neuro-2a. Importantly, overexpression of TIGAR in the hippocampus ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Therefore, our data demonstrated that TIGAR may have an anti-apoptosis effect via up-regulation of autophagy in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongting Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Aimei Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Poor Glycaemic Control Is Associated with Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9471697. [PMID: 31467640 PMCID: PMC6701413 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9471697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycaemic control is the main focus of managing diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycaemia induces oxidative stress favouring cellular damage and subsequent diabetic complications. The present study was conducted to compare the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and individual antioxidant marker antioxidant status of type 2 diabetics (T2D) with good ((+) GC) and poor ((-) GC) glycaemic control with prediabetic (PDM) and normoglycaemic (NG) individuals. T2D (n = 147), PDM (n = 47), and NGC (n = 106) were recruited as subjects. T2D and PDM had lower plasma TAG than NG subjects. T2D and PDM had significantly higher GPx activity and plasma MDA concentrations than NG. PDM showed the highest SOD activity. T2D (-) GC showed significantly elevated GPx activity and higher MDA level and significantly lower SOD activity among all study groups. Lower plasma TAC and higher plasma MDA indicate the presence of oxidative stress in T2D and PDM. Elevated GPx activity in T2D, PDM, and particularly in T2D (-) GC suggests a compensatory response to counteract excess lipid peroxidation in the hyperglycaemic state. Decline in SOD activity advocates the presence of glycation and excess lipid peroxidation in T2D.
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138
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Tian CJ, Zhen Z. Reactive Carbonyl Species: Diabetic Complication in the Heart and Lungs. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:546-556. [PMID: 31253519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal chemical reactions in hyperglycemia alter normal metabolic processes in diabetes, which is a key process in the production of reactive carbonyls species (RCS). Increasing the concentration of RCS may result in carbonyl/oxidative stress in both the diabetic heart and lung. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) not only play a key role in heart contraction, including rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart, but they are also important for controlling the airway smooth muscle. RCS modifies RyRs, resulting in RyRs dysfunction, which is involved in important mechanisms in diabetic complications. Very little is known about the mechanistic relationship between the heart and lung in diabetes. This review highlights new findings on the pathophysiological mechanisms and discusses potential approaches to treatment for these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ju Tian
- College of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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139
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Sesamin: A promising protective agent against diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats. Life Sci 2019; 230:169-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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140
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Davargaon RS, Sambe AD, Muthangi V V S. Trolox prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis in rat myocardial H9c2 cells by regulating GLUT-4 and antioxidant defense mechanism. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1876-1895. [PMID: 31359611 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox imbalance due to hyperglycemia is a causative factor for an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of cytochrome-c. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the functional role of oxidative stress (OS) in the induction of apoptosis in H9c2 cells in the hyperglycemic state through glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) regulation and antioxidant status. H9c2 cells were incubated with 15, 24, and 33 mM glucose for 24, 48, and 72 hr to induce hyperglycemic stress. Hyperglycemic episodes have significantly influenced GLUT-4 mRNA regulation, depleted glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzymes, reduced cellular antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), caused nuclear condensation, and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-9 and 3 and annexin V binding in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. Trolox pretreatment significantly enhanced the GLUT-4 mRNA and antioxidant defense mechanism, suppressed nuclear condensation, and prevented cytochrome-c release, thereby reducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. The present study shows that the toxic effect of high glucose is significantly regulated and that OS induction can be prevented through a water-soluble vitamin E analog "Trolox" treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asha Devi Sambe
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Zoology, J.B. Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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141
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Pan X, Zhao Y, Cheng T, Zheng A, Ge A, Zang L, Xu K, Tang B. Monitoring NAD(P)H by an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe to reveal reductive stress induced by natural antioxidants in HepG2 cells under hypoxia. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8179-8186. [PMID: 31857884 PMCID: PMC6836941 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasensitive fluorescent probe for monitoring NAD(P)H and revealing reductive stress induced by natural antioxidants in HepG2 cells under hypoxia.
Reductive stress, the opposite of oxidative stress, represents a disorder in the redox balance state which is harmful to biological systems. For decades, the role of oxidative stress in tumor therapy has been the focus of attention, while the effects of reductive stress have been rarely studied. Here, we report the anti-cancer effects of reductive stress induced by three natural antioxidants (resveratrol, curcumin and celastrol). Considering the fact that the solid tumor microenvironment suffers from hypoxia, we performed cell experiments under hypoxic conditions. In order to observe the reductive stress, we first developed an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe (TCF-MQ) for specifically imaging NAD(P)H which is a marker of reductive stress. TCF-MQ responded to NAD(P)H rapidly and exhibited high sensitivity with a detection limit of 6 nM. With the help of TCF-MQ, we found that upon the treatment of HepG2 cells with pharmacological doses of three natural antioxidants under hypoxic conditions, high levels of NAD(P)H were produced before cell death. The excess NAD(P)H resulted in reductive stress instead of oxidative stress. In contrast, under normoxic conditions, there was no reductive stress involved in the process of cell death induced by three natural antioxidants. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mechanism of cancer cell death induced by natural antioxidants under hypoxia should be attributed to the reductive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ; .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Aishan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Anbin Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai 264003 , P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
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142
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Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhu H, Wang J, Ma J, Gu M. Apigenin Protects Against Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury and Oxidative Stress by High Glucose via Regulation of NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5280-5288. [PMID: 31309931 PMCID: PMC6652381 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a disease characterized by oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells driven by hyperglycemia. Apigenin is a flavonoid compound that possesses potent anti-apoptotic properties. The present study aimed to explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of apigenin on renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to hyperglycemia. Material/Methods Human renal epithelial cell HK-2 were incubated to D-glucose to establish in vitro DN model. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis and oxidative stress were evaluated. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expressions of Nrf2. Results In HK-2 cells, high glucose reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Apigenin suppressed the decrease in cell viability and increase in supernatant LDH release at 100 and 200 μM after 48-h treatment. Apigenin reduced apoptotic rate and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Apigenin suppressed oxidative stress and increased mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. Inhibition of Nrf2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA), or cotreatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, abolished the protective effect on high glucose-induced injury, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production by apigenin. LY294002 also attenuated the increase in Nrf2 protein by apigenin in high glucose-treated HK-2 cells. Conclusions Apigenin protects renal tubular epithelial cells against high glucose-induced injury through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation via activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Postgraduate Education College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Junhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Mingjun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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143
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Kostyniuk DJ, Marandel L, Jubouri M, Dias K, de Souza RF, Zhang D, Martyniuk CJ, Panserat S, Mennigen JA. Profiling the rainbow trout hepatic miRNAome under diet-induced hyperglycemia. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:411-431. [PMID: 31282806 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous rainbow trout exhibit prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia when fed a diet exceeding 20% carbohydrate content. This poor capacity to utilize carbohydrates has led to rainbow trout being classified as "glucose-intolerant" (GI). The metabolic phenotype has spurred research to identify the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of glucose intolerance, largely because carbohydrate-rich diets provide economic and ecological advantages over traditionally used fish meal, considered unsustainable for rainbow trout aquaculture operations. Evidence points to a contribution of hepatic intermediary carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as upstream insulin signaling. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs acting as negative posttranscriptional regulators affecting target mRNA stability and translation, have emerged as critical regulators of hepatic control of glucose-homeostasis in mammals, revealing that dysregulated hepatic miRNAs might play a role in organismal hyperglycemia in metabolic disease. To determine whether hepatic regulatory miRNA networks may contribute to GI in rainbow trout, we induced prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia in rainbow trout by using a carbohydrate-rich diet and profiled genome-wide hepatic miRNAs in hyperglycemic rainbow trout compared with fasted trout and trout fed a diet devoid of carbohydrates. Using small RNA next-generation sequencing and real-time RT-PCR validation, we identified differentially regulated hepatic miRNAs between these groups and used an in silico approach to predict bona fide mRNA targets and enriched pathways. Diet-induced hyperglycemia resulted in differential regulation of hepatic miRNAs compared with fasted fish. Some of the identified miRNAs, such as miRNA-27b-3p and miRNA-200a-3p, are known to be responsive to hyperglycemia in the liver of hyperglycemic glucose-tolerant fish and mammals, suggesting an evolutionary conserved regulation. Using Gene Ontology term-based enrichment analysis, we identify intermediate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and insulin signaling as potential targets of posttranscriptional regulation by hyperglycemia-regulated miRNAs and provide correlative expression analysis of specific predicted miRNA-target pairs. This study identifies hepatic miRNAs in rainbow trout that exhibit differential postprandial expression in response to diets with different carbohydrate content and predicts posttranscriptionally regulated target mRNAs enriched for pathways involved in glucoregulation. Together, these results provide a framework for testable hypotheses of functional involvement of specific hepatic miRNAs in GI in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Université de Pau et Pays d'Adour, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mais Jubouri
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Dias
- INRA, Université de Pau et Pays d'Adour, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Robson F de Souza
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Université de Pau et Pays d'Adour, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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144
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Godzien J, Kalaska B, Adamska-Patruno E, Siroka J, Ciborowski M, Kretowski A, Barbas C. Oxidized glycerophosphatidylcholines in diabetes through non-targeted metabolomics: Their annotation and biological meaning. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1120:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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145
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem H Tran
- 1 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Zhao V Wang
- 1 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
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146
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Song J, Yang X, Yan LJ. Role of pseudohypoxia in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. HYPOXIA 2019; 7:33-40. [PMID: 31240235 PMCID: PMC6560198 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s202775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is caused by persistent high blood glucose, which is known as diabetic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemic situation, when not controlled, can overproduce NADH and lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), thereby creating NADH/NAD redox imbalance and leading to cellular pseudohypoxia. In this review, we discussed two major enzymatic systems that are activated by diabetic hyperglycemia and are involved in creation of this pseudohypoxic condition. One system is aldose reductase in the polyol pathway, and the other is poly (ADP ribose) polymerase. While aldose reductase drives overproduction of NADH, PARP could in contrast deplete NAD. Therefore, activation of the two pathways underlies the major mechanisms of NADH/NAD redox imbalance and diabetic pseudohypoxia. Consequently, reductive stress occurs, followed by oxidative stress and eventual cell death and tissue dysfunction. Additionally, fructose formed in the polyol pathway can also cause metabolic syndrome such as hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, pseudohypoxia can also lower sirtuin protein contents and induce protein acetylation which can impair protein function. Finally, we discussed the possibility of using nicotinamide riboside, an NAD precursor, as a promising therapeutic agent for restoring NADH/NAD redox balance and for preventing the occurrence of diabetic pseudohypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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147
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Oyebode OA, Erukainure OL, Ibeji C, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Crassocephalum rubens, a leafy vegetable, suppresses oxidative pancreatic and hepatic injury and inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes: An ex vivo and in silico study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12930. [PMID: 31368570 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Crassocephalum rubens falls under the wild edible, under-cultivated traditional leafy vegetables (TLV) in Africa; it is used by locals in managing diabetes mellitus among other diseases. This study investigated the in vitro, ex vivo antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of different extracts of C. rubens. The ameliorative effects of the extracts on Fe2+ -induced oxidative injury was investigated ex vivo together with the effects of the aqueous extract on intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake in freshly harvested tissues from normal rats. The aqueous extract was subjected to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis to identify possible bioactive compounds which were then docked with the tested enzymes through in silico modeling. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, inhibited α-glucosidase and lipase enzyme activities, intestinal glucose absorption and enhanced muscle glucose uptake compared to controls. Sanguisorbic acid dilactone identified through LC-MS analysis showed a high binding affinity for catalase and lipase enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study suggest that the aqueous extract of C. rubens possesses better antioxidant and possible antidiabetic potentials compared to other extracts which could be associated to the synergistic action of its identified bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Arinola Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Ochuko Lucky Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Collins Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Neil Anthony Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Different Types of Cellular Stress Affect the Proteome Composition of Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Mini Review. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020023. [PMID: 31126168 PMCID: PMC6631412 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-known mediators of the cellular response to different stress factors, yet the exact mechanism of their action remains unclear. Hence, the characterization of their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and different classes of metabolites, helps to elucidate an understanding of their function in stress-related communication. The unexpected diversity and complexity of these vesicles requires the incorporation of multiple technologically advanced approaches in EV-oriented studies. This mini review focuses on the invaluable role of proteomics, especially mass spectrometry-based tools, in the investigation of the role of small EVs in their response to stress. Though relatively few experimental works address this issue to date, the available data indicate that stress conditions would affect the composition of protein cargo of vesicles released by stressed cells, as evidenced by the functional importance of such changes in the context of the response of recipient cells.
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Carotenoids: How Effective Are They to Prevent Age-Related Diseases? Molecules 2019; 24:E1801. [PMID: 31075966 PMCID: PMC6539799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in life expectancy that indicates positive human development, a new challenge is arising. Aging is positively associated with biological and cognitive degeneration, for instance cognitive decline, psychological impairment, and physical frailty. The elderly population is prone to oxidative stress due to the inefficiency of their endogenous antioxidant systems. As many studies showed an inverse relationship between carotenoids and age-related diseases (ARD) by reducing oxidative stress through interrupting the propagation of free radicals, carotenoid has been foreseen as a potential intervention for age-associated pathologies. Therefore, the role of carotenoids that counteract oxidative stress and promote healthy aging is worthy of further discussion. In this review, we discussed the underlying mechanisms of carotenoids involved in the prevention of ARD. Collectively, understanding the role of carotenoids in ARD would provide insights into a potential intervention that may affect the aging process, and subsequently promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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150
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Belayneh YM, Birhanu Z, Birru EM, Getenet G. Evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, and in vitro antioxidant activities of hydromethanolic root extract of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae). J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:29-38. [PMID: 31114400 PMCID: PMC6485036 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s192264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global morbidity and mortality rates of diabetes mellitus are persistently increasing. There is a demand for new antidiabetic drugs because the safety and efficacy of currently available medications are limited. The present study was therefore conducted to study the antidiabetic activities of the hydromethanolic root extract of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) in mice. METHODS Blood glucose lowering activity of three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the hydromethanolic root extract of D. stramonium was tested on normoglycemic, oral glucose-loaded, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice models. The effect of the extract on body weight and diabetic dyslipidemia was also studied on STZ-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, antioxidant activity of the plant extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine free radical scavenging assay. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test. RESULTS The hydromethanolic root extract did not show significant hypoglycemic activity in normoglycemic mice. The plant extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) reduced blood glucose levels of oral glucose-loaded and diabetic mice. All the three doses of the root extract significantly improved diabetic dyslipidemia and the body weight of diabetic mice. Free radical scavenging activity of the root extract was found to be comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 13.47 µg/mL. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the hydromethanolic root extract of D. stramonium possesses significant antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaschilal Muche Belayneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia,
| | - Zewdu Birhanu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetie Melese Birru
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaw Getenet
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia,
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