101
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Vito A, Salem O, El-Sayes N, MacFawn IP, Portillo AL, Milne K, Harrington D, Ashkar AA, Wan Y, Workenhe ST, Nelson BH, Bruno TC, Mossman KL. Immune checkpoint blockade in triple negative breast cancer influenced by B cells through myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:859. [PMID: 34253827 PMCID: PMC8275624 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer holds a dismal clinical outcome and as such, patients routinely undergo aggressive, highly toxic treatment regimens. Clinical trials for TNBC employing immune checkpoint blockade in combination with chemotherapy show modest prognostic benefit, but the percentage of patients that respond to treatment is low, and patients often succumb to relapsed disease. Here, we show that a combination immunotherapy platform utilizing low dose chemotherapy (FEC) combined with oncolytic virotherapy (oHSV-1) increases tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in otherwise immune-bare tumors, allowing 60% of mice to achieve durable tumor regression when treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Whole-tumor RNA sequencing of mice treated with FEC + oHSV-1 shows an upregulation of B cell receptor signaling pathways and depletion of B cells prior to the start of treatment in mice results in complete loss of therapeutic efficacy and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Additionally, RNA sequencing data shows that FEC + oHSV-1 suppresses genes associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells, a key population of cells that drive immune escape and mediate therapeutic resistance. These findings highlight the importance of tumor-infiltrating B cells as drivers of antitumor immunity and their potential role in the regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Vito
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Omar Salem
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nader El-Sayes
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian P MacFawn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana L Portillo
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katy Milne
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ali A Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen L Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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102
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Wortman JC, He TF, Solomon S, Zhang RZ, Rosario A, Wang R, Tu TY, Schmolze D, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Li X, Levine H, Atwal G, Lee PP, Yu CC. Spatial distribution of B cells and lymphocyte clusters as a predictor of triple-negative breast cancer outcome. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:84. [PMID: 34210991 PMCID: PMC8249408 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells is now widely accepted to predict outcomes, the clinical significance of intratumoral B cells is less clear. We hypothesized that spatial distribution rather than density of B cells within tumors may provide prognostic significance. We developed statistical techniques (fractal dimension differences and a box-counting method 'occupancy') to analyze the spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our results indicate that B cells in good outcome tumors (no recurrence within 5 years) are spatially dispersed, while B cells in poor outcome tumors (recurrence within 3 years) are more confined. While most TILs are located within the stroma, increased numbers of spatially dispersed lymphocytes within cancer cell islands are associated with a good prognosis. B cells and T cells often form lymphocyte clusters (LCs) identified via density-based clustering. LCs consist either of T cells only or heterotypic mixtures of B and T cells. Pure B cell LCs were negligible in number. Compared to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), LCs have fewer lymphocytes at lower densities. Both types of LCs are more abundant and more spatially dispersed in good outcomes compared to poor outcome tumors. Heterotypic LCs in good outcome tumors are smaller and more numerous compared to poor outcome. Heterotypic LCs are also closer to cancer islands in a good outcome, with LC size decreasing as they get closer to cancer cell islands. These results illuminate the significance of the spatial distribution of B cells and LCs within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Wortman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Robert Z Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Rosario
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Roger Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Travis Y Tu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gurinder Atwal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Clare C Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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103
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Katayama H, Kobayashi M, Irajizad E, Sevillarno A, Patel N, Mao X, Rusling L, Vykoukal J, Cai Y, Hsiao F, Yu CY, Long J, Liu J, Esteva F, Fahrmann J, Hanash S. Protein citrullination as a source of cancer neoantigens. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002549. [PMID: 34112737 PMCID: PMC8194337 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrulline post-translational modification of proteins is mediated by protein arginine deiminase (PADI) family members and has been associated with autoimmune diseases. The role of PADI-citrullinome in immune response in cancer has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that PADI-mediated citrullinome is a source of neoantigens in cancer that induces immune response. METHODS Protein expression of PADI family members was evaluated in 196 cancer cell lines by means of indepth proteomic profiling. Gene expression was assessed using messenger RNA data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemical analysis of PADI2 and peptidyl-citrulline was performed using breast cancer tissue sections. Citrullinated 12-34-mer peptides in the putative Major Histocompatibility Complex-II (MHC-II) binding range were profiled in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the relationship between protein citrullination and antigen presentation. We further evaluated immunoglobulin-bound citrullinome by mass spectrometry using 156 patients with breast cancer and 113 cancer-free controls. RESULTS Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed PADI2 to be highly expressed in several cancer types including breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of 422 breast tumor tissues revealed increased expression of PADI2 in ER- tumors (p<0.0001); PADI2 protein expression was positively correlated (p<0.0001) with peptidyl-citrulline staining. PADI2 expression exhibited strong positive correlations with a B cell immune signature and with MHC-II-bound citrullinated peptides. Increased circulating citrullinated antigen-antibody complexes occurred among newly diagnosed breast cancer cases relative to controls (p=0.0012). CONCLUSIONS An immune response associated with citrullinome is a rich source of neoantigens in breast cancer with a potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katayama
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ehsan Irajizad
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Sevillarno
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nikul Patel
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangying Mao
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leona Rusling
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jody Vykoukal
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yining Cai
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fuchung Hsiao
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chuan-Yih Yu
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James Long
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Johannes Fahrmann
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sam Hanash
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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104
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Comprehensive analysis of competitive endogenous RNA associated with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11056. [PMID: 34040139 PMCID: PMC8155208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify the prognostic biomarker of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and explore the tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) which might be the potential prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, we also try to explain the crosstalk between the ceRNA and TIICs to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in lung adenocarcinoma. The transcriptome data of lung adenocarcinoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the hypergeometric correlation of the differently expressed miRNA-lncRNA and miRNA-mRNA were analyzed based on the starBase. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression model analysis were used to identify the prognostic ceRNA network and TIICs. Correlation analysis was performed to analysis the correlation between the ceRNA network and TIICs. In the differently expressed RNAs between tumor and normal tissue, a total of 190 miRNAs, 224 lncRNAs and 3024 mRNAs were detected, and the constructed ceRNA network contained 5 lncRNAs, 92 mRNAs and 10 miRNAs. Then, six prognostic RNAs (FKBP3, GPI, LOXL2, IL22RA1, GPR37, and has-miR-148a-3p) were viewed as the key members for constructing the prognostic prediction model in the ceRNA network, and three kinds of TIICs (Monocytes, Macrophages M1, activated mast cells) were identified to be significantly related with the prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Correlation analysis suggested that the FKBP3 was associated with Monocytes and Macrophages M1, and the GPI was obviously related with Monocytes and Macrophages M1. Besides, the LOXL2 was associated with Monocytes and Activated mast cells, and the IL22RA1 was significantly associated with Monocytes and Macrophages M1, while the GPR37 and Macrophages M1 was closely related. The constructed ceRNA network and identified Monocytes, Macrophages M1 and activated Mast cells are all prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the crosstalk between the ceRNA network and TIICs might be a potential molecular mechanism involved.
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105
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Trüb M, Zippelius A. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674565. [PMID: 34054861 PMCID: PMC8149953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid formations which are formed under long-lasting inflammatory conditions, including tumours. TLS are composed predominantly of B cells, T cells and dendritic cells, and display various levels of organisation, from locally concentrated aggregates of immune cells, through clearly defined B cell follicles to mature follicles containing germinal centres. Their presence has been strongly associated with improved survival and clinical outcome upon cancer immunotherapies for patients with solid tumours, indicating potential for TLS to be used as a prognostic and predictive factor. Although signals involved in TLS generation and main cellular components of TLS have been extensively characterised, the exact mechanism by which TLS contribute to the anti-tumour response remain unclear. Here, we summarise the most recent development in our understanding of their role in cancer and in particular in the response to cancer immunotherapy. Deciphering the relationship between B cells and T cells found in TLS is a highly exciting field of investigation, with the potential to lead to novel, B-cell focused immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trüb
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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106
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Yang N, Ji F, Cheng L, Lu J, Sun X, Lin X, Lan X. Knockout of immunotherapy prognostic marker genes eliminates the effect of the anti-PD-1 treatment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:37. [PMID: 33963274 PMCID: PMC8105367 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapy is largely patient-specific due to heterogeneity in tumors. Combining statistic power from a variety of immunotherapies across cancer types, we found four biological pathways significantly correlated with patient survival following immunotherapy. The expression of immunotherapy prognostic marker genes (IPMGs) in these pathways can predict the patient survival with high accuracy not only in the TCGA cohort (89.36%) but also in two other independent cohorts (80.91%), highlighting that the activity of the IPMGs can reflect the sensitivity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to immunotherapies. Using mouse models, we show that knockout of one of the IPMGs, MALT1, which is critical for the T-cell receptor signaling, can eliminate the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 treatment completely by impairing the activation of CD8+ T cells. Notably, knockout of another IPMG, CLEC4D, a C-type lectin receptor that expressed on myeloid cells, also reduced the effect of anti-PD-1 treatment potentially through maintaining the immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells. Our results suggest that priming TIME via activating the IPMGs may increase the response rate and the effect of immune checkpoint blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixue Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS Joint Graduate Program, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fansen Ji
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Cheng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhe Lu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xun Lan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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107
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The human anti-CD40 agonist antibody mitazalimab (ADC-1013; JNJ-64457107) activates antigen-presenting cells, improves expansion of antigen-specific T cells, and enhances anti-tumor efficacy of a model cancer vaccine in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3629-3642. [PMID: 33948686 PMCID: PMC8571159 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-responders to checkpoint inhibitors generally have low tumor T cell infiltration and could benefit from immunotherapy that activates dendritic cells, with priming of tumor-reactive T cells as a result. Such therapies may be augmented by providing tumor antigen in the form of cancer vaccines. Our aim was to study the effects of mitazalimab (ADC-1013; JNJ-64457107), a human anti-CD40 agonist IgG1 antibody, on activation of antigen-presenting cells, and how this influences the priming and anti-tumor potential of antigen-specific T cells, in mice transgenic for human CD40. Mitazalimab activated splenic CD11c+ MHCII+ dendritic cells and CD19+ MHCII+ B cells within 6 h, with a return to baseline within 1 week. This was associated with a dose-dependent release of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood, including IP-10, MIP-1α and TNF-α. Mitazalimab administered at different dose regimens with ovalbumin protein showed that repeated dosing expanded ovalbumin peptide (SIINFEKL)-specific CD8+ T cells and increased the frequency of activated ICOS+ T cells and CD44hi CD62L- effector memory T cells in the spleen. Mitazalimab prolonged survival of mice bearing MB49 bladder carcinoma tumors and increased the frequency of activated granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in the tumor. In the ovalbumin-transfected tumor E.G7-OVA lymphoma, mitazalimab administered with either ovalbumin protein or SIINFEKL peptide prolonged the survival of E.G7-OVA tumor-bearing mice, as prophylactic and therapeutic treatment. Thus, mitazalimab activates antigen-presenting cells, which improves expansion and activation of antigen-specific T cells and enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of a model cancer vaccine.
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108
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Li X, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhang T, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhang J, Liu G. Role of exosomes in the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 33777201 PMCID: PMC7988709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are excretory vesicles that can deliver a variety of bioactive cargo molecules to the extracellular environment. Accumulating evidence demonstrates exosome participation in intercellular communication, immune response, inflammatory response and they even play an essential role in affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. The role of exosomes in the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer is mainly divided into suppression and stimulation. On one hand exosomes can stimulate the innate and adaptive immune systems by activating dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells and T cells, allowing these immune cells exert an antitumorigenic effect. On the other hand, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes initiate cross-talk with immunosuppressive effector cells, which subsequently cause immune evasion; one of the hallmarks of cancer. Exosomes induce the polarization of macrophages in M2 phenotype and induce apoptosis of lymphocytes and DCs. Exosomes further activate additional immunosuppressive effector cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells) that induce fibroblasts to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Exosomes also induce the tumorigenicity of mesenchymal stem cells to exert additional immune suppression. Furthermore, besides mediating the intercellular communication, exosomes carry microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids to the tumor microenvironment, which collectively promotes ovarian cancer cells to proliferate, invade and tumors to metastasize. Studying proteins, lipids and miRNAs carried by exosomes could potentially be used as an early diagnostic marker of ovarian cancer for designing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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109
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Cocco C, Morandi F, Airoldi I. Immune Checkpoints in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Targetable Pathways for Advanced Therapeutic Purposes. Cells 2021; 10:927. [PMID: 33920505 PMCID: PMC8074115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex network between tumor cells and a variety of components including immune, stromal and vascular endothelial cells as well as the extracellular matrix. A wide panel of signals and interactions here take place, resulting in a bi-directional modulation of cellular functions. Many stimuli, on one hand, induce tumor growth and the spread of metastatic cells and, on the other hand, contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment. The latter feature is achieved by soothing immune effector cells, mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B and NK cells, and/or through expansion of regulatory cell populations, including regulatory T and B cells, tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this context, immune checkpoints (IC) are key players in the control of T cell activation and anti-cancer activities, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell lysis and of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, these pathways represent promising targets for the development of effective and innovative therapies both in adults and children. Here, we address the role of different cell populations homing the TME and of well-known and recently characterized IC in the context of pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss preclinical and clinical data available using IC inhibitors alone, in combination with each other or administered with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.)
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110
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Lee HW, Lee H, Park C, Oh WJ, Kim TJ, Kwon GY, Seo SI. Pattern of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney: A Review of Five Cases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040917. [PMID: 33923583 PMCID: PMC8074008 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK), a benign rare tumor with malignant transformation potential, is thought to be derived from fetal or immature cells originating from the mesonephric and Müllerian ducts. However, due to its rarity, little is known about the anti-tumor immune responses in MESTK. Herein, we present five cases of MESTK and evaluate the population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using a freshly obtained MESTK sample. Microscopically, TILs were scattered or clustered in large aggregates in the stroma in all five cases; furthermore, three cases exhibited heavy, large lymphocytic aggregates with no well-organized tertiary lymphoid structures with germinal centers. Flow cytometric analysis of TILs in one freshly obtained MESTK sample revealed that >40% of CD3+ T cells were effector memory Fas+CD28− γδ T cells expressing high levels of programmed cell death protein 1 and inducible T-cell co-stimulator, but low levels of CD44 and CD27. Most αß T cells exhibited a naïve phenotype. Additionally, we detected many activated class-switched CD21+CD27+ B cells as well as CD11chighIgMhigh marginal zone B-like and CD27−CD21−CD23− immunoglobulin (Ig)DhighIgMlow age-associated B-like cells. Collectively, for the first time, we report the immune microenvironment pattern of MESTK to oncogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Urological Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (C.P.); (W.J.O.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Won Joon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (C.P.); (W.J.O.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (C.P.); (W.J.O.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.Y.K.); (S.I.S.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-2772 (G.Y.K.); +82-2-3410-3559 (S.I.S.)
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.K.); (S.I.S.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-2772 (G.Y.K.); +82-2-3410-3559 (S.I.S.)
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Atlas of breast cancer infiltrated B-lymphocytes revealed by paired single-cell RNA-sequencing and antigen receptor profiling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2186. [PMID: 33846305 PMCID: PMC8042001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain mechanistic insights into the functions and developmental dynamics of tumor-infiltrated immune cells, especially B-lymphocytes, here we combine single-cell RNA-sequencing and antigen receptor lineage analysis to characterize a large number of triple-negative breast cancer infiltrated immune cells and report a comprehensive atlas of tumor-infiltrated B-lymphocytes. The single-cell transcriptional profiles reveal significant heterogeneity in tumor-infiltrated B-cell subgroups. The single-cell antigen receptor analyses demonstrate that compared with those in peripheral blood, tumor-infiltrated B-cells have more mature and memory B-cell characteristics, higher clonality, more class switching recombination and somatic hypermutations. Combined analyses suggest local differentiation of infiltrated memory B-cells within breast tumors. The B-cell signatures based on the single-cell RNA-sequencing results are significantly associated with improved survival in breast tumor patients. Functional analyses of tumor-infiltrated B-cell populations suggest that mechanistically, B-cell subgroups may contribute to immunosurveillance through various pathways. Further dissection of tumor-infiltrated B-cell populations will provide valuable clues for tumor immunotherapy. Immune cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment play critical roles in disease pathogenesis and the immune response. Here the authors present the characterisation of infiltrating B cells in breast tumours by the formation of an atlas created from paired RNA sequence and antigen receptor profiling.
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Mendonça de Pontes R, Flores-Montero J, Sanoja-Flores L, Puig N, Pessoa de Magalhães RJ, Corral-Mateos A, Salgado AB, García-Sánchez O, Pérez-Morán J, Mateos MV, Burgos L, Paiva B, te Marvelde J, van der Velden VHJ, Aguilar C, Bárez A, García-Mateo A, Labrador J, Leoz P, Aguilera-Sanz C, Durie B, van Dongen JJM, Maiolino A, Sobral da Costa E, Orfao A. B-Cell Regeneration Profile and Minimal Residual Disease Status in Bone Marrow of Treated Multiple Myeloma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071704. [PMID: 33916787 PMCID: PMC8038337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell regeneration during therapy has been considered as a strong prognostic factor in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the effects of therapy and hemodilution in bone marrow (BM) B-cell recovery have not been systematically evaluated during follow-up. MM (n = 177) and adult (≥50y) healthy donor (HD; n = 14) BM samples were studied by next-generation flow (NGF) to simultaneously assess measurable residual disease (MRD) and residual normal B-cell populations. BM hemodilution was detected in 41 out of 177 (23%) patient samples, leading to lower total B-cell, B-cell precursor (BCP) and normal plasma cell (nPC) counts. Among MM BM, decreased percentages (vs. HD) of BCP, transitional/naïve B-cell (TBC/NBC) and nPC populations were observed at diagnosis. BM BCP increased after induction therapy, whereas TBC/NBC counts remained abnormally low. At day+100 postautologous stem cell transplantation, a greater increase in BCP with recovered TBC/NBC cell numbers but persistently low memory B-cell and nPC counts were found. At the end of therapy, complete response (CR) BM samples showed higher CD19- nPC counts vs. non-CR specimens. MRD positivity was associated with higher BCP and nPC percentages. Hemodilution showed a negative impact on BM B-cell distribution. Different BM B-cell regeneration profiles are present in MM at diagnosis and after therapy with no significant association with patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robéria Mendonça de Pontes
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (R.M.d.P.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.); (E.S.d.C.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (A.C.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Luzalba Sanoja-Flores
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Noemi Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (USAL) and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto J. Pessoa de Magalhães
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil;
| | - Alba Corral-Mateos
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (A.C.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Anna Beatriz Salgado
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (R.M.d.P.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.); (E.S.d.C.)
| | - Omar García-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (USAL) and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Morán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (USAL) and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria-Victoria Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (USAL) and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leire Burgos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jeroen te Marvelde
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, (EMC) University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.t.M.); (V.H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Vincent H. J. van der Velden
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, (EMC) University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.t.M.); (V.H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General de Santa Bárbara, 42005 Soria, Spain;
| | - Abelardo Bárez
- Department of Hematology, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, 05071 Ávila, Spain;
| | | | - Jorge Labrador
- Department of Hematology and Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Pilar Leoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (USAL) and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Brian Durie
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.v.D.); (A.O.); Tel.: +31-71-526-5128 (J.J.M.v.D.); +34-923-294811 (A.O.)
| | - Angelo Maiolino
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (R.M.d.P.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.); (E.S.d.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil;
- Americas Centro de Oncologia Integrado, Rio de Janeiro 22290-030, Brazil
| | - Elaine Sobral da Costa
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (R.M.d.P.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.); (E.S.d.C.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (A.C.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-F.); (N.P.); (O.G.-S.); (J.P.-M.); (M.-V.M.); (L.B.); (B.P.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.v.D.); (A.O.); Tel.: +31-71-526-5128 (J.J.M.v.D.); +34-923-294811 (A.O.)
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CD169 + lymph node macrophages have protective functions in mouse breast cancer metastasis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108993. [PMID: 33852863 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the contribution of macrophages to metastasis is widely studied in primary tumors, the involvement of macrophages in tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) in this process is less clear. We find CD169+ macrophages as the predominant macrophage subtype in naive LNs, which undergo proliferative expansion in response to tumor stimuli. CD169+ LN macrophage depletion, using an anti-CSF-1R antibody or clodronate-loaded liposomes, leads to increased metastatic burden in two mouse breast cancer models. The expansion of CD169+ macrophages is tightly connected to B cell expansion in tumor-draining LNs, and B cell depletion abrogates the effect of CD169+ macrophage absence on metastasis, indicating that the CD169+ macrophage anti-metastatic effects require B cell presence. These results reveal a protective role of CD169+ LN macrophages in breast cancer metastasis and raise caution for the use of drugs aiming at the depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, which might simultaneously deplete macrophages in tumor-draining LNs.
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114
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Gao W, Li L, Han X, Liu S, Li C, Yu G, Zhang L, Zhang D, Liu C, Meng E, Hong S, Wang D, Guo P, Shi G. Comprehensive analysis of immune-related prognostic genes in the tumour microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:331. [PMID: 33789609 PMCID: PMC8011181 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains high worldwide despite surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for the rapidly expanding HCC spectrum. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the immune-related characteristics of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which plays a vital role in tumour initiation and progression. METHODS In this research, 866 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by integrating the DEGs of samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-HCC dataset and the immune-related genes from databases (InnateDB; ImmPort). Afterwards, 144 candidate prognostic genes were defined through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS Seven immune-related prognostic DEGs were identified using the L1-penalized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox proportional hazards (PH) model, and the ImmuneRiskScore model was constructed on this basis. The prognostic index of the ImmuneRiskScore model was then validated in the relevant dataset. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the ImmuneRiskScore. Differences in the immune cell infiltration of patients with different ImmuneRiskScore values were clarified, and the correlation of immune cell infiltration with immunotherapy biomarkers was further explored. CONCLUSION The ImmuneRiskScore of HCC could be a prognostic marker and can reflect the immune characteristics of the TME. Furthermore, it provides a potential biomarker for predicting the response to immunotherapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Luan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyin Han
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhen Li
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanying Yu
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhong Meng
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Hong
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiming Guo
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangjun Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, People's Republic of China.
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Oxley KL, Hanson BM, Zani AN, Bishop GA. Activated B lymphocytes and tumor cell lysate as an effective cellular cancer vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3093-3103. [PMID: 33765210 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines that utilize patient antigen-presenting cells to fight their own tumors have shown exciting promise in many preclinical studies, but have proven quite challenging to translate to clinical feasibility. Dendritic cells have typically been the cell of choice for such vaccine platforms, due to their ability to endocytose antigens nonspecifically, and their expression of multiple surface molecules that enhance antigen presentation. However, dendritic cells are present in low numbers in human peripheral blood and must be matured in culture before use in vaccines. Mature B lymphocytes, in contrast, are relatively abundant in peripheral blood, and can be quickly activated and expanded in overnight cultures. We devised an optimal stimulation cocktail that engages the B cell antigen receptor, CD40, TLR4 and TLR7, to activate B cells to present antigens from lysates of the recipient's tumor cells, precluding the need for known tumor antigens. This B cell vaccine (Bvac) improved overall survival from B16F1 melanoma challenge, as well as reduced tumor size and increased time to tumor appearance. Bvac upregulated B cell antigen presentation molecules, stimulated activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and induced T cell migration. Bvac provides an alternative cellular vaccine strategy that has considerable practical advantages for translation to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyp L Oxley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Brett M Hanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AMITA Resurrection, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley N Zani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Batalha S, Ferreira S, Brito C. The Peripheral Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer: Clinical Findings and In Vitro Models for Biomarker Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1305. [PMID: 33804027 PMCID: PMC8001103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the deadliest female malignancy worldwide and, while much is known about phenotype and function of infiltrating immune cells, the same attention has not been paid to the peripheral immune compartment of breast cancer patients. To obtain faster, cheaper, and more precise monitoring of patients' status, it is crucial to define and analyze circulating immune profiles. This review compiles and summarizes the disperse knowledge on the peripheral immune profile of breast cancer patients, how it departs from healthy individuals and how it changes with disease progression. We propose this data to be used as a starting point for validation of clinically relevant biomarkers of disease progression and therapy response, which warrants more thorough investigation in patient cohorts of specific breast cancer subtypes. Relevant clinical findings may also be explored experimentally using advanced 3D cellular models of human cancer-immune system interactions, which are under intensive development. We review the latest findings and discuss the strengths and limitations of such models, as well as the future perspectives. Together, the scientific advancement of peripheral biomarker discovery and cancer-immune crosstalk in breast cancer will be instrumental to uncover molecular mechanisms and putative biomarkers and drug targets in an all-human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Batalha
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, University Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, University Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Arora L, Pal D. Remodeling of Stromal Cells and Immune Landscape in Microenvironment During Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:596798. [PMID: 33763348 PMCID: PMC7982455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression rests in intra and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Solid tumors confined with vast diversity of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic modifications, and environmental cues that differ at each stage from tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Complexity within tumors studied by conventional molecular techniques fails to identify different subclasses in stromal and immune cells in individuals and that affects immunotherapies. Here we focus on diversity of stromal cell population and immune inhabitants, whose subtypes create the complexity of tumor microenvironment (TME), leading primary tumors towards advanced-stage cancers. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing (epitope profiling) approach circumscribes phenotypic markers, molecular pathways, and evolutionary trajectories of an individual cell. We discussed the current knowledge of stromal and immune cell subclasses at different stages of cancer development with the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, we reported the current therapeutic options in immunotherapies, advances in therapies targeting heterogeneity, and possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Arora
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
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Ye X, Wei J, Yue M, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, Huang P, Yu R. Leveraging Single-Cell RNA-seq Data to Uncover the Association Between Cell Type and Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:637322. [PMID: PMID: 33763117 PMCID: PMC7982650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.637322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Components of liver microenvironment is complex, which makes it difficult to clarify pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have greatly revealed the role of host genetic background in CLD pathogenesis and prognosis, while single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables interrogation of the cellular diversity and function of liver tissue at unprecedented resolution. Here, we made integrative analysis on the GWAS and scRNA-seq data of CLD to uncover CLD-related cell types and provide clues for understanding on the pathogenesis. Methods We downloaded three GWAS summary data and three scRNA-seq data on CLD. After defining the cell types for each scRNA-seq data, we used RolyPoly and LDSC-cts to integrate the GWAS and scRNA-seq. In addition, we analyzed one scRNA-seq data without association to CLD to validate the specificity of our findings. Results After processing the scRNA-seq data, we obtain about 19,002–32,200 cells and identified 10–17 cell types. For the HCC analysis, we identified the association between B cell and HCC in two datasets. RolyPoly also identified the association, when we integrated the two scRNA-seq datasets. In addition, we also identified natural killer (NK) cell as HCC-associated cell type in one dataset. In specificity analysis, we identified no significant cell type associated with HCC. As for the cirrhosis analysis, we obtained no significant related cell type. Conclusion In this integrative analysis, we identified B cell and NK cell as HCC-related cell type. More attention and verification should be paid to them in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Julong Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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119
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Ahn R, Ursini-Siegel J. Clinical Potential of Kinase Inhibitors in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052608. [PMID: 33807608 PMCID: PMC7961781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic kinases contribute to immunosuppression and modulate the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. Increasing evidence supports the fundamental role of oncogenic kinase signaling networks in coordinating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. This has led to numerous studies examining the efficacy of kinase inhibitors in inducing anti-tumor immune responses by increasing tumor immunogenicity. Kinase inhibitors are the second most common FDA-approved group of drugs that are deployed for cancer treatment. With few exceptions, they inevitably lead to intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, particularly in patients with metastatic disease when used as a monotherapy. On the other hand, cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have revolutionized cancer treatment for malignancies such as melanoma and lung cancer. However, key hurdles remain to successfully incorporate such therapies in the treatment of other solid cancers. Here, we review the recent literature on oncogenic kinases that regulate tumor immunogenicity, immune suppression, and anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we discuss current efforts in clinical trials that combine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat breast cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhjin Ahn
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-340-8222 (ext. 26557); Fax: +514-340-7502
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120
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Kugeratski FG, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Multifunctional Applications of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6067593. [PMID: 33411885 PMCID: PMC8502448 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players of intercellular communication in the physiological and pathological setting. In cancer, EVs mediate complex signaling mechanisms between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and can influence tumor progression and the response to existing therapies. Importantly, EVs can be loaded with therapeutic agents and modified to display tumor-targeting molecules. In the field of nanomedicine, EVs have been engineered to serve as therapeutic delivery vehicles for several anticancer agents, including antibodies, chemotherapy, compounds, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonuclease 9), and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Notably, the engineered EVs were shown to suppress malignant features of cancer cells, to elicit antitumor immunity, and to decrease tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the EV-based therapies designed to target cancer cells and to educate components of the TME to drive antitumor responses. These studies illustrate the multifunctional applications of EVs in the development of anticancer therapies and their translational potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Correspondence: Raghu Kalluri, MD, PhD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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121
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Phanthunane C, Wijers R, de Herdt M, Langeveld TPM, Koljenovic S, Dasgupta S, Sleijfer S, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Hardillo J, Balcioglu HE, Debets R. B-cell clusters at the invasive margin associate with longer survival in early-stage oral-tongue cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1882743. [PMID: 33643695 PMCID: PMC7894457 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1882743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In oral-cancer, the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) associates with improved survival, yet the prognostic value of the cellular composition and localization of TILs is not defined. We quantified densities, localizations, and cellular networks of lymphocyte populations in 138 patients with T1-T2 primary oral-tongue squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgical resections without any perioperative (chemo)radiotherapy, and correlated outcomes to overall survival (OS). Multiplexed in-situ immunofluorescence was performed for DAPI, CD4, CD8, CD20, and pan-cytokeratin using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, and spatial distributions of lymphocyte populations were assessed in the tumor and stroma compartments at the invasive margin (IM) as well as the center of tumors. We observed a high density of CD4, CD8, and CD20 cells in the stroma compartment at the IM, but neither lymphocyte densities nor networks as single parameters associated with OS. In contrast, assessment of two contextual parameters within the stroma IM region of tumors, i.e., the number of CD20 cells within 20 µm radii of CD20 and CD4 cells, termed the CD20 Cluster Score, yielded a highly significant association with OS (HR 0.38; p = .003). Notably, the CD20 Cluster Score significantly correlated with better OS and disease-free survival in multivariate analysis (HR 0.34 and 0.47; p = .001 and 0.019) as well as with lower local recurrence rate (OR: 0.13; p = .028). Taken together, our study showed that the presence of stromal B-cell clusters at IM, in the co-presence of CD4 T-cells, associates with good prognosis in early oral-tongue cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Phanthunane
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Wijers
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M de Herdt
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T P M Langeveld
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Koljenovic
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Dasgupta
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Sleijfer
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J Baatenburg de Jong
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hardillo
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E Balcioglu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Debets
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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122
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Wu C, Hu Q, Ma D. Development of an immune-related gene pairs signature for predicting clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3611. [PMID: 33574499 PMCID: PMC7878883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main pathological subtype of Non-small cell lung cancer. We downloaded the gene expression profile and immune-related gene set from the TCGA and ImmPort database, respectively, to establish immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs). Then, IRGPs were subjected to univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis, and multivariable Cox regression analysis to screen and develop an IRGPs signature. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied for evaluating the predicting accuracy of this signature by calculating the area under ROC (AUC) and data from the GEO set was used to validate this signature. The relationship of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) to the immune risk score was also investigated. An IRGPs signature with 8 IRGPs was constructed. The AUC for 1- and 3-year overall survival in the TCGA set was 0.867 and 0.870, respectively. Similar results were observed in the AUCs of GEO set 1, 2 and 3 (GEO set 1 [1-year: 0.819; 3-year: 0.803]; GEO set 2 [1-year: 0.834; 3-year: 0.870]; GEO set 3 [1-year: 0.955; 3-year: 0.827]). Survival analysis demonstrated high-risk LUAD patients exhibited poorer prognosis. The multivariable Cox regression indicated that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The immune risk score was highly associated with several TIICs (Plasma cells, memory B cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, and activated NK cells). We developed a novel IRGPs signature for predicting 1- and 3- year overall survival in LUAD, which would be helpful for prognosis assessment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanteng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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123
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Weiner AB, Vidotto T, Liu Y, Mendes AA, Salles DC, Faisal FA, Murali S, McFarlane M, Imada EL, Zhao X, Li Z, Davicioni E, Marchionni L, Chinnaiyan AM, Freedland SJ, Spratt DE, Wu JD, Lotan TL, Schaeffer EM. Plasma cells are enriched in localized prostate cancer in Black men and are associated with improved outcomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:935. [PMID: 33568675 PMCID: PMC7876147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Black men die more often of prostate cancer yet, interestingly, may derive greater survival benefits from immune-based treatment with sipuleucel-T. Since no signatures of immune-responsiveness exist for prostate cancer, we explored race-based immune-profiles to identify vulnerabilities. Here we show in multiple independent cohorts comprised of over 1,300 patient samples annotated with either self-identified race or genetic ancestry, prostate tumors from Black men or men of African ancestry have increases in plasma cell infiltrate and augmented markers of NK cell activity and IgG expression. These findings are associated with improved recurrence-free survival following surgery and nominate plasma cells as drivers of prostate cancer immune-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adrianna A Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela C Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farzana A Faisal
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew McFarlane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eddie L Imada
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ziwen Li
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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124
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Xia ZN, Wang XY, Cai LC, Jian WG, Zhang C. IGLL5 is correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:898-910. [PMID: 33449444 PMCID: PMC7931224 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) account for about 90% of renal tumors, and their major histological subtype is ccRCC (clear cell RCC). Increasing evidence has indicated that the tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of ccRCC. In this study, we used ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT computational methods to calculate the proportion of immune and stromal components and the rate of TICs (tumor‐infiltrating immune cells) in 539 ccRCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. By examining the intersection of the differentially expressed genes obtained by the protein–protein interaction network and Cox regression analysis, we identified only one overlapping gene: IGLL5 (immunoglobulin lambda‐like polypeptide 5). We report that IGLL5 expression is correlated with TICs. Furthermore, our immunoinfiltration analyses revealed that three types of TIC are positively correlated with IGLL5 expression. IGLL5 may have potential as a prognostic biomarker of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Nan Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Li-Cheng Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Wen-Gang Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
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125
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Yu CC, Wortman JC, He TF, Solomon S, Zhang RZ, Rosario A, Wang R, Tu TY, Schmolze D, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Li X, Levine H, Atwal G, Lee PP. Physics approaches to the spatial distribution of immune cells in tumors. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:022601. [PMID: 33232952 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of immunotherapy is to mobilize the immune system to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is more effective and, in general, the prognosis is better, when more immune cells infiltrate the tumor. We explore the question of whether the spatial distribution rather than just the density of immune cells in the tumor is important in forecasting whether cancer recurs. After reviewing previous work on this issue, we introduce a novel application of maximum entropy to quantify the spatial distribution of discrete point-like objects. We apply our approach to B and T cells in images of tumor tissue taken from triple negative breast cancer patients. We find that the immune cells are more spatially dispersed in good clinical outcome (no recurrence of cancer within at least 5 years of diagnosis) compared to poor clinical outcome (recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis). Our results highlight the importance of spatial distribution of immune cells within tumors with regard to clinical outcome, and raise new questions on their role in cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare C Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Juliana C Wortman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Shawn Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Robert Z Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rosario
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Roger Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Travis Y Tu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Gurinder Atwal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States of America
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
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126
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Nikolopoulou PA, Koufaki MA, Kostourou V. The Adhesome Network: Key Components Shaping the Tumour Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 33573141 PMCID: PMC7866493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the conventional perception of solid tumours as mere masses of cancer cells, advanced cancer research focuses on the complex contributions of tumour-associated host cells that are known as "tumour microenvironment" (TME). It has been long appreciated that the tumour stroma, composed mainly of blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), define the tumour architecture and influence cancer cell properties. Besides soluble cues, that mediate the crosstalk between tumour and stroma cells, cell adhesion to ECM arises as a crucial determinant in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how adhesome, the intracellular protein network formed at cell adhesions, regulate the TME and control malignancy. The role of adhesome extends beyond the physical attachment of cells to ECM and the regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and acts as a signalling and mechanosensing hub, orchestrating cellular responses that shape the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Athens, Greece; (P.A.N.); (M.A.K.)
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127
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Heij LR, Tan X, Kather JN, Niehues JM, Sivakumar S, Heussen N, van der Kroft G, Damink SWMO, Lang S, Aberle MR, Luedde T, Gaisa NT, Bednarsch J, Liu DHW, Cleutjens JPM, Modest DP, Neumann UP, Wiltberger GJ. Nerve Fibers in the Tumor Microenvironment Are Co-Localized with Lymphoid Aggregates in Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030490. [PMID: 33573277 PMCID: PMC7866811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are reported to be important in survival in cancer. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer types, and currently, it is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A better understanding of tumor biology is pivotal to improve clinical outcome. The desmoplastic stroma is a complex system in which crosstalk takes place between cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and cancer cells. Indirect and direct cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) drive key processes such as tumor progression, metastasis formation and treatment resistance. In order to understand the aggressiveness of PDAC and its resistance to therapeutics, the TME needs to be further unraveled. There are some limited data about the influence of nerve fibers on cancer progression. Here we show that small nerve fibers are located at lymphoid aggregates in PDAC. This unravels future pathways and has potential to improve clinical outcome by a rational development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Heij
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuxiang Tan
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob N. Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.K.); (J.M.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Jan M. Niehues
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.K.); (J.M.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Nicole Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Center of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregory van der Kroft
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
| | - Merel R. Aberle
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.K.); (J.M.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Nadine T. Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
| | - Drolaiz H. W. Liu
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.H.W.L.); (J.P.M.C.)
| | - Jack P. M. Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.H.W.L.); (J.P.M.C.)
- CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik P. Modest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CVK, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Georg J. Wiltberger
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
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128
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Lee W, Wang LT, Yen ML, Hsu PJ, Lee YW, Liu KJ, Lin KI, Su YW, Sytwu HK, Yen BL. Resident vs nonresident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell interactions with B lymphocytes result in disparate outcomes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:711-724. [PMID: 33506633 PMCID: PMC8046079 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from multiple organs including the bone marrow (BM) and placenta harbor clinically relevant immunomodulation best demonstrated toward T lymphocytes. Surprisingly, there is limited knowledge on interactions with B lymphocytes, which originate from the BM where there is a resident MSC. With increasing data demonstrating MSC tissue‐specific propensities impacting therapeutic outcome, we therefore investigated the interactions of BM‐MSCs—its resident and “niche” MSC—and placental MSCs (P‐MSCs), another source of MSCs with well‐characterized immunomodulatory properties, on the global functional outcomes of pan‐peripheral B cell populations. We found that P‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs significantly inhibit proliferation and further differentiation of stimulated human peripheral B populations in vitro. Moreover, although BM‐MSCs preserve multiple IL‐10‐producing regulatory B cell (Breg) subsets, P‐MSCs significantly increase all subsets. To corroborate these in vitro findings in vivo, we used a mouse model of B‐cell activation and found that adoptive transfer of P‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs significantly decreased activated B220+ B cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of P‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs significantly decreased the overall B220+ B‐cell proliferation and further differentiation, similar to the in vitro findings. P‐MSCs also increased two populations of IL‐10‐producing murine Bregs more strongly than BM‐MSCs. Transcriptome analyses demonstrated multifactorial differences between BM‐ and P‐MSCs in the profile of relevant factors involved in B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results highlight the divergent outcomes of tissue‐specific MSCs interactions with peripheral B cells, and demonstrate the importance of understanding tissue‐specific differences to achieve more efficacious outcome with MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, NDMC, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
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129
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Ferguson LP, Diaz E, Reya T. The Role of the Microenvironment and Immune System in Regulating Stem Cell Fate in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:624-634. [PMID: 33509688 PMCID: PMC8318571 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite gains in knowledge of the intrinsic signals governing cancer progression, effective clinical management of cancer remains a challenge. Drug resistance and relapse, pose the greatest barriers to cancer care, and are often driven by the co-option of stem cell programs by subpopulations of aggressive cancer cells. Here, we focus on the role of the microenvironment in the acquisition and/ or maintenance of stem cell states in cancer in the context of resistance and metastasis. We further discuss the role of cancer stem cells in immune evasion through the course of metastasis, dormancy, and relapse. Understanding the niche in which cancer stem cells live and the signals that sustain them may lead to new strategies that target them by disrupting microenvironmental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paige Ferguson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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130
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Adapala RKR, Prabhu GGL, Sanman KN, Yalla DR, Shetty R, Venugopal P. Is preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio a red flag which can predict high-risk pathological characteristics in renal cell carcinoma? Urol Ann 2021; 13:47-52. [PMID: 33897164 PMCID: PMC8052900 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to invoke both immunological and inflammatory responses. While the neutrophils mediate the tumor-induced inflammatory response, the lymphocytes bring about the various immunological events associated with it. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple indicator of this dual response. We investigated the association between preoperative NLR and histopathological prognostic variables of RCC intending to find out whether it can be of value as a red flag capable of alerting the clinician as to the biological character of the tumor under consideration. Methods Preoperative NLR and clinicopathological variables, namely histological subtype, nuclear grade, staging, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, renal sinus invasion, and sarcomatoid differentiation of 60 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, were analyzed to detect the association between the two. Results We found that mean preoperative NLR was significantly higher in clear-cell carcinomas (3.25 ± 0.29) when compared with nonclear-cell carcinomas (2.25 ± 0.63). There was a linear trend of NLR rise as the stage of the disease advanced. A significant rise in preoperative NLR was noted in tumors with various high-risk histopathological features such as tumor size, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid differentiation. Conclusion Preoperative measurement of NLR is a simple test which may provide an early clue of high-risk pathological features of renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G Laxman Prabhu
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Sanman
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Durga Rao Yalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit Shetty
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P Venugopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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131
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Tarhoni I, Wakefield CJ, Kollipara R, Fidler MJ, Batus M, Bonomi P, Borgia JA. Relationship between circulating tumor-associated autoantibodies and clinical outcomes in advanced-stage NSCLC patients receiving PD-1/-L1 directed immune checkpoint inhibition. J Immunol Methods 2021; 490:112956. [PMID: 33434603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Durable tumor regressions are observed in a subset of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving PD-1/-L1 targeted immune checkpoint inhibitors (or 'immunotherapy') alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, the majority of advanced NSCLC patients receiving these agents do not experience long-term disease control. Existing methods to identify patients most likely to gain clinical benefit from PD-1/-L1 immunotherapy have limitations, creating a need for improved methods to guide treatment selection, particularly for those likely to benefit from single-agent immunotherapy. Here, we describe the development of a series of novel assays for tumor-associated autoantibodies as part of an exploratory study intended to determine if these biomarkers have potential prognostic value in this setting. METHOD A selection of recombinant tumor autoantigens previously characterized for their diagnostic utility were developed and preliminarily evaluated by this study. These include: Fumarate Dehydrogenase (FH), Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase 10 (HSD17B10), Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY ESO-1), Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 (PGAM1), and Vimentin. Custom Luminex immunobead assays were developed for these targets to quantitatively assess autoantibody levels in individual patient sera. Assays were erected as indirect immunoassays on MagPlex® Microspheres using standard carbodiimide/NHS-based chemistries, utilizing a biotin-conjugated secondary (i.e. anti-human IgG) antibody and R-phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin reporter system. Standard curves were created for quantitative purposes using commercially-available anti-antigen antibodies and permitted analytical performance characteristics to be calculated. These assays were used to preliminarily evaluate a series of pretreatment serum samples from stage IV NSCLC patients receiving anti PD-1/-L1 therapy after failure of at least one prior line of therapy (n = 40) and their classification efficiency calculated based on 12 months overall survival (OS) threshold. RESULTS Six assays were developed that each showed dynamic ranges of four orders of magnitude and provided more than 90% classification accuracy based on the observed clinical outcome data. Inter- and intra-assay precision was assessed within these standards and overall %CVs of ≤7% and ≤ 10%, respectively, were calculated. Generally, the baseline level of autoantibodies were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the ≥12 months survival group relative to the <12 months survival groups. Serum titers of FH, HSD170B, NY-ESO-1, and vimentin were significantly correlated with ≥12 month survival (p-value 0.0038, 0.0061, 0.0073, and 0.022, respectively). IMPDH2 and PGAM1 were found to have marginal significance (p-value 0.08 and 0.076, respectively). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an efficient and promising means for assessing circulating autoantibody titers that could be useful in selecting advanced NSCLC patients for PD-1/-L1 directed immunotherapy. Further exploration and validation of this paradigm is warranted to further refine current treatment selection methods for this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Tarhoni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Connor J Wakefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Revathi Kollipara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Mary Jo Fidler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Marta Batus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Philip Bonomi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America.
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132
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Tsai SJ, Amerman A, Jewell CM. Altering Antigen Charge to Control Self-Assembly and Processing of Immune Signals During Cancer Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613830. [PMID: 33488621 PMCID: PMC7815530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial delivery systems offer unique potential to improve cancer vaccines by offering targeted delivery and modularity to address disease heterogeneity. Here, we develop a simple platform using a conserved human melanoma peptide antigen (Trp2) modified with cationic arginine residues that condenses an anionic toll-like receptor agonist (TLRa), CpG, into polyplex-like nanoparticles. We reasoned that these structures could offer several useful features for immunotherapy – such as tunable loading, co-delivery of immune cues, and cargo protection – while eliminating the need for synthetic polymers or other complicating delivery systems. We demonstrate that Trp2/CpG polyplexes can readily form over a range of Trp2:CpG ratios and improve antigen uptake by primary antigen presenting cells. We show antigen loading can be tuned by interchanging Trp2 peptides with defined charges and numbers of arginine residues. Notably, these polyplexes with greater antigen loading enhance the functionality of Trp-2 specific T cells and in a mouse melanoma model, decrease tumor burden and improve survival. This work highlights opportunities to control the biophysical properties of nanostructured materials built from immune signals to enhance immunotherapy, without the added complexity or background immune effects often associated with synthetic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Tsai
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Allie Amerman
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Emerging research suggests that IL-35-producing regulatory B cells accumulate in patients and mouse models of pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal cancers, characterized by late diagnosis, high mortality, and morbidity. Identification of IL-35-producing B cells can be challenging due to the heterodimeric nature of IL-35 and diversity of cell surface markers that define regulatory B-cell subsets across spectrum of diseases. In this chapter, we describe the methods for the isolation of splenic and tumor-infiltrating murine regulatory B cells and subsequent detection of IL-35 by RT-qPCR and intracellular staining, as well as detection of circulating IL-35 by ELISA. We also describe methods for the detection of IL-35-producing human B cells by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence in the context of pancreatic cancer. This chapter should facilitate the study of regulatory IL-35+ B cells in cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Michaud
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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134
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Filin IY, Solovyeva VV, Kitaeva KV, Rutland CS, Rizvanov AA. Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120621. [PMID: 33348704 PMCID: PMC7766207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for an effective drug to treat oncological diseases, which have become the main scourge of mankind, has generated a lot of methods for studying this affliction. It has also become a serious challenge for scientists and clinicians who have needed to invent new ways of overcoming the problems encountered during treatments, and have also made important discoveries pertaining to fundamental issues relating to the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms. Understanding the basics of the human immune system interactions with tumor cells has enabled new cancer immunotherapy strategies. The initial successes observed in immunotherapy led to new methods of treating cancer and attracted the attention of the scientific and clinical communities due to the prospects of these methods. Nevertheless, there are still many problems that prevent immunotherapy from calling itself an effective drug in the fight against malignant neoplasms. This review examines the current state of affairs for each immunotherapy method, the effectiveness of the strategies under study, as well as possible ways to overcome the problems that have arisen and increase their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Filin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
| | - Kristina V. Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK;
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
- Republic Clinical Hospital, 420064 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-905-316-7599
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135
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Yi FS, Zhai K, Shi HZ. Helper T cells in malignant pleural effusion. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:21-28. [PMID: 33309856 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequent complication of malignancies and poses a clinical problem. CD4+ T lymphocytes are the most frequent cell population in MPE. Traditionally, CD4+ T cells are classified into two subsets based on cytokine production profiles, type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, which exhibit distinct functions. Recently, other T-cell subsets have been added to the Th-cell "portfolio", including regulatory T, Th17, Th9, and Th22 cells. The current review focuses on summarizing the Th-cell phenotypic characteristics, mechanism of Th-cell differentiation, and their pleural space recruitment, based on recent research. We also describe the interplay in MPE among different Th cells, as well as Th cells and lung cancer cells or mesothelial cells. Future research should expand the landscape map of human MPE immune cells, explore the immuno-regulation of B cells, and investigate the communication between macrophages and Th cells in MPE, which may facilitate meaningful advancements in the diagnoses and therapeutics of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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136
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Misumi K, Wheeler DS, Aoki Y, Combs MP, Braeuer RR, Higashikubo R, Li W, Kreisel D, Vittal R, Myers J, Lagstein A, Walker NM, Farver CF, Lama VN. Humoral immune responses mediate the development of a restrictive phenotype of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136533. [PMID: 33268593 PMCID: PMC7714414 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the distinct pathogenic mechanisms that culminate in allograft fibrosis and chronic graft failure is key in improving outcomes after solid organ transplantation. Here, we describe an F1 → parent orthotopic lung transplant model of restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), a particularly fulminant form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and identify a requisite pathogenic role for humoral immune responses in development of RAS. B6D2F1/J (H2-b/d) donor lungs transplanted into the parent C57BL/6J (H2-b) recipients demonstrated a spectrum of histopathologic changes, ranging from lymphocytic infiltration, fibrinous exudates, and endothelialitis to peribronchial and pleuroparenchymal fibrosis, similar to those noted in the human RAS lungs. Gene expression profiling revealed differential humoral immune cell activation as a key feature of the RAS murine model, with significant B cell and plasma cell infiltration noted in the RAS lung allografts. B6D2F1/J lung allografts transplanted into μMt-/- (mature B cell deficient) or activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)/secretory μ-chain (μs) double-KO (AID-/-μs-/-) C57BL/6J mice demonstrated significantly decreased allograft fibrosis, indicating a key role for antibody secretion by B cells in mediating RAS pathology. Our study suggests that skewing of immune responses determines the diverse allograft remodeling patterns and highlights the need to develop targeted therapies for specific CLAD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Misumi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David S. Wheeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yoshiro Aoki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael P. Combs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Russell R. Braeuer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryuji Higashikubo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey Myers
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amir Lagstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie M. Walker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol F. Farver
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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137
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Xiao Y, Yu D. Tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107753. [PMID: 33259885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment denotes the non-cancerous cells and components presented in the tumor, including molecules produced and released by them. The constant interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment play decisive roles in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapies. The tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer has attracted great research and clinical interest. Here we summarize the current progress in targeting the tumor microenvironment in both drug development and clinical trials; highlight challenges in targeting the tumor microenvironment to achieve therapeutic efficacy; explore new technologies and approaches to better decipher the tumor microenvironment; and discuss strategies to intervene in the pro-tumor microenvironment and maximize therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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138
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Pisano C, Tucci M, Di Stefano RF, Turco F, Scagliotti GV, Di Maio M, Buttigliero C. Interactions between androgen receptor signaling and other molecular pathways in prostate cancer progression: Current and future clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103185. [PMID: 33341506 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In last years several improvements have been made in the management of prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen receptor (AR) is considered the main driver in PCa growth and progression and most drugs are directed against AR pathway. Once PCa spreads outside the prostate, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) represents the cornerstone of treatment in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Unfortunately, the response is only transient and most patients eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Most resistance mechanisms depend on maintenance of AR signalling in castration environment. Recent discoveries of multiple growth-promoting and survival pathways in PCa suggest the importance of alternative mechanisms involved in disease progression, such as DNA damage response pathway, PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cell cycle pathway, WNT pathway, TMPRSS2/ETS fusion, neuroendocrine pattern and immune system response. In this review, we discuss the interplay between AR signaling and other molecular pathways involved in PCa pathogenesis and their therapeutic implication in advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pisano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Medical Oncology, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Corso Dante Alighieri 202, 14100, Asti, Italy.
| | - Rosario Francesco Di Stefano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Turco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Via Magellano 1, 10028, Turin, Italy
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Garg SK, Welsh EA, Fang B, Hernandez YI, Rose T, Gray J, Koomen JM, Berglund A, Mulé JJ, Markowitz J. Multi-Omics and Informatics Analysis of FFPE Tissues Derived from Melanoma Patients with Long/Short Responses to Anti-PD1 Therapy Reveals Pathways of Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123515. [PMID: 33255891 PMCID: PMC7768436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune based therapies have benefited many melanoma patients, but many patients still do not respond. This study analyzes biospecimens obtained from patients undergoing a type of immune based therapy called anti-PD-1 to understand mechanisms of response and resistance to this treatment. The operational definition of good response utilized in this investigation permitted us to examine the biochemical pathways that are facilitating anti-PD-1 responses independent of prior therapies received by patients. Currently, there are no clinically available tests to reliably test for the outcome of patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. The purpose of this study was to facilitate the development of prospective biomarker-directed trials to guide therapy, as even though the side effect profile is favorable for anti-PD-1 therapy, some patients do not respond to therapy with significant toxicity. Each patient may require testing for the pathways upregulated in the tumor to predict optimal benefit to anti-PD-1 treatment. Abstract Anti-PD-1 based immune therapies are thought to be dependent on antigen processing and presentation mechanisms. To characterize the immune-dependent mechanisms that predispose stage III/IV melanoma patients to respond to anti-PD-1 therapies, we performed a multi-omics study consisting of expression proteomics and targeted immune-oncology-based mRNA sequencing. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from stage III/IV patients with melanoma prior to anti-PD-1 therapy. The patients were first stratified into poor and good responders based on whether their tumors had or had not progressed while on anti-PD-1 therapy for 1 year. We identified 263 protein/gene candidates that displayed differential expression, of which 223 were identified via proteomics and 40 via targeted-mRNA analyses. The downstream analyses of expression profiles using MetaCore software demonstrated an enrichment of immune system pathways involved in antigen processing/presentation and cytokine production/signaling. Pathway analyses showed interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated signaling via NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways to affect immune processes in a cell-specific manner and to interact with the inducible nitric oxide synthase. We review these findings within the context of available literature on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. The comparison of good and poor responders, using efficacy of PD-1-based therapy at 1 year, elucidated the role of antigen presentation in mediating response or resistance to anti-PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh K. Garg
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.K.G.); (Y.I.H.)
| | - Eric A. Welsh
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.F.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Yuliana I. Hernandez
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.K.G.); (Y.I.H.)
| | - Trevor Rose
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (J.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Jhanelle Gray
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (J.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John M. Koomen
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.F.); (J.M.K.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (J.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (J.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - James J. Mulé
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (J.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.K.G.); (Y.I.H.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (J.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-8581
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Zhang S, Liu Z, Wu D, Chen L, Xie L. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Microenvironmental Infiltration of Plasma Cells and Hepatocytic Prognostic Markers in HCC With Cirrhosis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:596318. [PMID: 33224891 PMCID: PMC7667372 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.596318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to liver cirrhosis is mostly accompanied by extensive immune infiltration. To reveal the infiltration immune cells landscape, single-cell RNA sequencing data from the healthy donor (HD), patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC were collected for analysis. By drawing a cell map and calculating the proportion of each cell type, total B cells were identified with a significant higher proportion in HCC (24.26%) than in LC (5.41%) and HD (5.82%), in which plasma cells account for 97.1% in HCC. While in HCC, TCGA datasets were taken for further investigation, and it was found that patients with lower proportion of plasma cells showed better prognosis. The pseudotime cell trajectory analysis of B cell population found that humoral immunity continuously changes during HD, LC and HCC, and humoral immune-related genes are highly expressed in the HCC stage. This suggests humoral immunity may play a key role in the development of LC-associated HCC. At the same time, single cell data of hepatocytes identified differentially expressed genes in HD/LC and LC/HCC groups, and a prognostic model constructed with six of the differential genes (FTCD, MARCKSL1, CXCL3, RGS5, KNG1, and S100A16) could classify HCC patients to two distinct risk groups (median survival time 2.46 years vs. 6.73 years, p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated the power of single-cell data analysis in dissecting tissues into infiltration and main body cells, it revealed the pivotal roles of humoral immunity infiltration in the landscape of HCC associated with cirrhosis, and the key tumor prognostic genes in hepatocytes themselves. These brought novel insights into studying microenvironment and tumor cells parallelly in cancer research. The interaction of both, rather than factors from one side may have caused tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Watermann C, Pasternack H, Idel C, Ribbat-Idel J, Brägelmann J, Kuppler P, Offermann A, Jonigk D, Kühnel MP, Schröck A, Dreyer E, Rosero C, Nathansen J, Dubrovska A, Tharun L, Kirfel J, Wollenberg B, Perner S, Krupar R. Recurrent HNSCC Harbor an Immunosuppressive Tumor Immune Microenvironment Suggesting Successful Tumor Immune Evasion. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:632-644. [PMID: 33109740 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent tumors (RT) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) occur in up to 60%, with poor therapeutic response and detrimental prognosis. We hypothesized that HNSCC RTs successfully evade antitumor immune response and aimed to reveal tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) changes of primary tumors (PT) and corresponding RTs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) of 300 PTs and 108 RTs from two large independent and clinically well-characterized HNSCC cohorts [discovery cohort (DC), validation cohort (VD)] were compared by IHC. mRNA expression analysis of 730 immune-related genes was performed for 18 PTs and RTs after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The effect of chemotherapy and radiation resistance was assessed with an in vitro spheroid/immunocyte coculture model. RESULTS TIME analysis revealed overall decrease of TILs with significant loss of CD8+ T cells (DC P = 0.045/VC P < 0.0001) and B lymphocytes (DC P = 0.036/VC P < 0.0001) in RTs compared with PTs in both cohorts. Decrease predominantly occurred in RTs after CRT. Gene expression analysis confirmed loss of TILs (P = 0.0004) and B lymphocytes (P < 0.0001) and showed relative increase of neutrophils (P = 0.018), macrophages (P < 0.0001), dendritic cells (P = 0.0002), and mast cells (P = 0.0057) as well as lower overall expression of immune-related genes (P = 0.018) in RTs after CRT. Genes involved in B-lymphocyte functions and number of tertiary lymphoid structures showed the strongest decrease. SPP1 and MAPK1 were upregulated in vivo and in vitro, indicating their potential suitability as therapeutic targets in CRT resistance. CONCLUSIONS HNSCC RTs have an immunosuppressive TIME, which is particularly apparent after adjuvant CRT and might substantially contribute to poor therapeutic response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Watermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helen Pasternack
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julika Ribbat-Idel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Kuppler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Philipp Kühnel
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johanniter Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Dreyer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Rosero
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nathansen
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MRI TUM, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Krupar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
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The Immune Phenotype of Isolated Lymphoid Structures in Non-Tumorous Colon Mucosa Encrypts the Information on Pathobiology of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113117. [PMID: 33113874 PMCID: PMC7692185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Today, the presence of well-organized functional structures of immune cells at tumor sites, known as ectopic lymphoid structures, and their strong association with patient survival have been reported in more than ten different cancer types. We aimed to investigate whether there is a link between the patient-specific characteristics of pre-formed isolated lymphoid structures in non-tumorous colon tissue and the disease pathobiology for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study employed a powerful approach of quantitative tissue image cytometry to compare lymphoid structures of different anatomical locations within the same patients. We showed that the properties of isolated lymphoid structures in non-tumorous colon tissue predefine the immune phenotype of ectopic lymphoid structures at primary and metastatic sites. We discovered that B-cell-enriched and highly proliferative lymphoid structures are prognostic towards an improved clinical outcome. The knowledge gained from this study expands our understanding of tumor-immune interactions and draws particular attention to the anti-tumor immune response guided by isolated lymphoid structures outside of tumor tissue. Abstract The gut-associated lymphoid tissue represents an integral part of the immune system. Among the powerful players of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue are isolated lymphoid structures (ILSs), which as information centers, drive the local (and systemic) adaptive immune responses. Germinal center reactions, taking place within ILSs, involve the coordinated action of various immune cell types with a central role given to B cells. In the current study, we aimed at dissecting the impact of ILSs within non-tumorous colon tissue (NT) on the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) with metastasis in the liver (CRCLM). In particular, we focused on the immune phenotypes of ILSs and ectopic lymphoid structures (ELSs), built up at matching primary and metastatic tumor sites. We implemented an integrative analysis strategy on the basis of tissue image cytometry and clonality assessment to explore the immune phenotype of ILS/ELS at three tissue entities: NT, CRC, and CRCLM (69 specimens in total). Applying a panel of lineage markers used for immunostaining, we characterized and compared the anatomical features, the cellular composition, the activation, and proliferation status of ILSs and ELSs, and assessed the clinical relevance of staining-derived data sets. Our major discovery was that ILS characteristics at the NT site predefine the immune phenotype of ELSs at CRC and CRCLM. Thereby, B-cell-enriched (CD20) and highly proliferative (Ki67) ILSs and ELSs were found to be associated with improved clinical outcome in terms of survival and enabled patient stratification into risk groups. Moreover, the data revealed a linkage between B-cell clonality at the NT site and the metastatic characteristics of the tumor in the distant liver tissue. Consolidation of immunostaining-based findings with the results of compendium-wide transcriptomic analysis furthermore proposed CD27 as a novel marker of T follicular helper cells within lymphoid structures. Overall, the study nominates the ILS immune phenotype as a novel prognostic marker for patients with metastatic CRC.
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143
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TRIM28 is a distinct prognostic biomarker that worsens the tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20308-20331. [PMID: 33091876 PMCID: PMC7655206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is an important determinant of cancer prognosis and treatment efficacy. To identify immune-related prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma, we used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the immune and stromal scores of 517 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We detected 985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with high and low immune and stromal scores, and we analyzed their functions and protein-protein interactions. TRIM28 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients with low immune and stromal scores, and was associated with a poor prognosis. The TISIDB and TIMER databases indicated that TRIM28 expression correlated negatively with immune infiltration. We then explored genes that were co-expressed with TRIM28 in TCGA, and investigated DEGs based on TRIM28 expression in GSE43580 and GSE7670. The 429 common DEGs from these analyses were functionally analyzed. We also performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using TCGA data, and predicted substrates of TRIM28 using UbiBrowser. The results indicated that TRIM28 may negatively regulate the TIME by increasing the SUMOylation of IRF5 and IRF8. Correlation analyses and validations in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC9 and H1299) confirmed these findings. Thus, TRIM28 may worsen the TIME and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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144
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Horii M, Matsushita T. Regulatory B cells and T cell Regulation in Cancer. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166685. [PMID: 33096106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent researches shed light on B cell role on various autoimmune diseases, including autoantibody-mediated diseases as well as T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. B cells play a critical role in the immune response beyond the production of antibodies through mechanisms such as antigen presentation and cytokine production. Furthermore, B cells have recently been recognized to play a role in promoting tumor immunity against cancer. However, not all B cells positively regulate immune responses. Regulatory B cells negatively regulate immune responses by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor-beta. Thus, a balance between effector and regulatory B cells regulates the immune response through the release of cytokines. In this review, we highlight the main emerging roles of B cells in tumor immunity with a focus on the T cell response. These findings can guide a protocol for selectively depleting regulatory B cells as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Atsumi S, Katoh H, Komura D, Hashimoto I, Furuya G, Koda H, Konishi H, Suzuki R, Yamamoto A, Yuba S, Abe H, Rino Y, Oshima T, Ushiku T, Fukayama M, Seto Y, Ishikawa S. Focal adhesion ribonucleoprotein complex proteins are major humoral cancer antigens and targets in autoimmune diseases. Commun Biol 2020; 3:588. [PMID: 33067514 PMCID: PMC7567837 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the accumulating evidences of the significance of humoral cancer immunity, its molecular mechanisms have largely remained elusive. Here we show that B-cell repertoire sequencing of 102 clinical gastric cancers and molecular biological analyses unexpectedly reveal that the major humoral cancer antigens are not case-specific neo-antigens but are rather commonly identified as ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) in the focal adhesion complex. These common antigens are shared as autoantigens with multiple autoimmune diseases, suggesting a direct molecular link between cancer- and auto-immunity on the focal adhesion RNP complex. This complex is partially exposed to the outside of cancer cell surfaces, which directly evokes humoral immunity and enables functional bindings of antibodies to cancer cell surfaces in physiological conditions. These findings shed light on humoral cancer immunity in that it commonly targets cellular components fundamental for cytoskeletal integrity and cell movement, pointing to a novel modality of immunotherapy using humoral immunological reactions to cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Atsumi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hashimoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Genta Furuya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Koda
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konishi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Yuba
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Murin R, Zubor P, Bujnak J, Kwon TK, Büsselberg D, Prosecky R, Caprnda M, Rodrigo L, Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P. The role of plant-derived natural substances as immunomodulatory agents in carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3137-3154. [PMID: 33063131 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of immune system in carcinogenesis represents fundamental events associated with cancer eradication; however, tumor evolution is connected with various mechanisms of tumor evasion and progression of cancer. Based on recent evidence, phytochemicals are directly associated with immunomodulation of the innate and adaptive immunity via different mechanisms of action including stimulation and amplification of immune cells, humoral compartments, and associated molecules. This comprehensive study focuses on immunomodulating potential of phytochemicals (mixture in plants or separately such as individual phytochemical) and their impact on regulation of immune response during cancer development, immune tolerance, and immune escape. Clinical application of phytochemicals as modulators of host immunity against cancer may represent perspective approach in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radovan Murin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Bujnak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kukuras Michalovce Hospital, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico GB Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601, Martin, Slovakia.
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147
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Kugeratski FG, Kalluri R. Exosomes as mediators of immune regulation and immunotherapy in cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:10-35. [PMID: 32910536 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin that enclose a multitude of functional biomolecules. Exosomes have emerged as key players of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, depending on the context, exosomes can oppose or potentiate the development of an aggressive tumor microenvironment, thereby impacting tumor progression and clinical outcome. Increasing evidence has established exosomes as important mediators of immune regulation in cancer, as they deliver a plethora of signals that can either support or restrain immunosuppression of lymphoid and myeloid cell populations in tumors. Here, we review the current knowledge related to exosome-mediated regulation of lymphoid (T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK cells) and myeloid (macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and neutrophils) cell populations in cancer. We also discuss the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunomodulatory agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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148
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Wang H, Wang MS, Wang Y, Huang YQ, Shi JP, Ding ZL, Wang WJ. Prognostic value of immune related genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:259. [PMID: 32989393 PMCID: PMC7517630 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates of all cancers in China. Immune-related genes and immune infiltrating lymphocytes are involved in tumor growth, and in the past decade, immunotherapy has become increasingly important in the treatment of lung cancer. Using the edgeR package, differentially expressed genes and immune-related genes (DEIRGs) were identified in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Functional enrichment analysis of DEIRGs was performed using Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Survival-associated immune-related genes (IRGs) were selected using univariate Cox regression analysis and the prognostic model was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Overall, 273 DEIRGs were identified in LUAD, and KEGG pathway analysis of IRGs showed that ‘cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction’ was the most significantly enriched pathway. Furthermore, six survival associated IRGs were screened to establish a prognostic model; patients in the high risk score group had less favorable survival times, and the prognostic model was negatively associated with B cell infiltration. The present study established a prognostic model using analysis of survival-related immune-related genes, which were associated with B cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining Cancer Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Sen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Huang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Shi
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
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149
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Chen X, Chen J, Feng Y, Guan W. Prognostic Value of SLC4A4 and its Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925016. [PMID: 32949121 PMCID: PMC7526338 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC4A4 is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but its significance in colon adenocarcinoma has not been determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transcriptomes of two cohorts, GSE41258 and GSE32323, contained in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analysed to determine differences in SLC4A4 expression between tumor and normal tissue and their correlations with overall survival. The relationships between SLC4A4 expression and clinical characteristics were determined by COX regression analysis and logistic regression analysis, and correlations of SLC4A4 levels with tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and genes with high mutation frequency were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Molecular functions and signaling pathways that might be affected by changes in SLC4A4 expression were determined by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The overall distribution of TIICs was determined by two web servers: tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT. RESULTS SLC4A4 expression was lower in colon adenocarcinoma than in normal colon tissue, suggesting that SLC4A4 was associated with poor prognosis. Reduced SLC4A4 expression was also associated with lymph node invasion and distant metastasis and was moderately correlated with increased expression of MUC4 and SMAD4, two genes with high mutation frequency in colon adenocarcinoma. GSEA indicated that changes in SLC4A4 expression affects several biological processes, including mismatch repair, base excision repair, and DNA replication. Eight TIICs in the tumor microenvironment differed significantly in groups with low and high expression of SLC4A4. CONCLUSIONS SLC4A4 may be a novel biomarker predicting prognosis in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. TIICs differed significantly in samples with higher and lower expression of SLC4A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jianing Chen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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150
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Maibach F, Sadozai H, Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE, Schenk M. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Their Prognostic Value in Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2105. [PMID: 33013886 PMCID: PMC7511547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, have demonstrated the capacity of the immune system to fight cancer in a number of malignancies such as melanoma and lung cancer. The numbers, localization and phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are not only predictive of response to immunotherapy but also key modulators of disease progression. In this review, we focus on TIL profiling in cutaneous melanoma using histopathological approaches and highlight the observed prognostic value of the primary TIL subsets. The quantification of TIL in formalin-fixed tumor samples ranges from visual scoring of lymphocytic infiltrates in H&E to multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence followed by enumeration using image analysis software. Nevertheless, TIL enumeration in the current literature primarily relies upon single marker immunohistochemistry analyses of major lymphocyte subsets such as conventional T cells (CD3, CD4, CD8), regulatory T cells (FOXP3) and B cells (CD20). We review key studies in the literature on associations between TIL subsets and patient survival. We also cover recent findings with respect to the existence of ectopic lymphoid aggregates found in the TME which are termed tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and are generally a positive prognostic feature. In addition to their prognostic significance, the existence of various TIL sub-populations has also been reported to predict a patient's response to ICB. Thus, the literature on the predictive potential of TIL subsets in melanoma patients receiving ICB has also been discussed. Finally, we describe recently developed state-of-the-art profiling approaches for tumor infiltrating immune cells such as digital pathology scoring algorithms (e.g., Immunoscore) and multiplex proteomics-based immunophenotyping platforms (e.g., imaging mass cytometry). Translating these novel technologies have the potential to revolutionize tumor immunopathology leading to altering our current understanding of cancer immunology and dramatically improving outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Maibach
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Sadozai
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert E. Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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