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Zhang Y, Yu K, Hu S, Lou Y, Liu C, Xu J, Li R, Zhang X, Wang H, Han B. MDC and BLC are independently associated with the significant risk of early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83051-83059. [PMID: 27811371 PMCID: PMC5347752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This prospective study was designed to investigate the association between ten circulating inflammatory biomarkers and the risk for early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Methods All inflammatory biomarkers were measured in 228 patients with early stage (IA to IIB) lung adenocarcinoma and 228 age-, sex- and smoking-matched healthy controls by using the Luminex bead-based assay. Results Only two biomarkers were significantly associated with the risk of early stage lung adenocarcinoma after the Bonferroni correction: the multivariate odd ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval or CI) was 0.29 (0.16-0.53) for MDC and 4.17 (2.23-7.79) for BLC for the comparison of patients in the 4th quartile with the 1st quartile (both P<0.0001). When analysis was restricted to never smokers (196 patients/196 controls), MDC and BLC were still significantly associated with the risk of early stage lung adenocarcinoma (OR, 95% CI, P: 0.37, 0.21-0.66, P<0.0001 for MDC and 2.78, 1.48-5.22, P =0.001 for BLC). Furthermore, elevated BLC was associated with a 2.90-fold (95% CI: 1.03-8.17, P=0.037) increased risk of subcentimeter lung adenocarcinoma, and there was an increasing trend for BLC with the progression of subcentimeter lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that MDC and BLC were independently associated with the significant risk of early stage lung adenocarcinoma, even in non-smokers and in stage IA patients. BLC was further identified to play a carcinogenic role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Keke Yu
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Research Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuqing Lou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chunxing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Ashktorab H, Soleimani A, Nichols A, Sodhi K, Laiyemo AO, Nunlee-Bland G, Nouraie SM, Brim H. Adiponectin, Leptin, IGF-1, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha As Potential Serum Biomarkers for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Adenoma in African Americans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:77. [PMID: 29593647 PMCID: PMC5857920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role of adiponectin, leptin, IGF-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as biomarkers in colorectal adenoma is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the blood serum levels of these biomarkers in colorectal adenoma. The case-control study consisted of serum from 180 African American patients with colon adenoma (cases) and 198 healthy African Americans (controls) at Howard University Hospital. We used ELISA for adiponectin, leptin, IGF-1, and TNF-α detection and quantification. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test and multivariate logistic regression. The respective differences in median leptin, adiponectin, IGF-1, and TNF-α levels between control and case groups (13.9 vs. 16.4), (11.3 vs. 46.0), (4.5 vs. 12.9), and (71.4 vs. 130.8) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In a multivariate model, the odds ratio for adiponectin, TNF-α, and IGF-1 were 2.0 (95% CI = 1.6-2.5; P < 0.001), 1.5 (95% CI = 1.5(1.1-2.0); P = 0.004), and 1.6 (95% CI = 1.3-2.0; P < 0.001), respectively. There was a positive correlation between serum adiponectin and IGF-1 concentrations with age (r = 0.17, P < 0.001 and r = 0.13, P = 0.009), TNF-α, IGF-1, and leptin concentration with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.44, P < 0.001; r = 0.11, P = 0.03; and r = 0.48, P < 0.001), respectively. Also, there was a negative correlation between adiponectin and leptin concentrations with BMI (r = -0.40, P < 0.001), respectively. These data support the hypothesis that adiponectin, IGF-1, and TNF-α high levels correlate with higher risk of colon adenoma and can thus be used for colorectal adenomas risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Hassan Ashktorab,
| | | | - Alexandra Nichols
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, Translational Research, Marshall University Joan Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, Translational Research, Marshall University Joan Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Adeyinka O. Laiyemo
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gail Nunlee-Bland
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Hassan Brim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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103
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Response to TNF-α Is Increasing Along with the Progression in Barrett's Esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3391-3401. [PMID: 29086334 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Barrett's esophagus, a metaplasia resulting from a long-standing reflux disease, and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are characterized by activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, induced by cytokines. METHODS An in vitro cell culture system representing the sequence of squamous epithelium (EPC1 and EPC2), Barrett's metaplasia (CP-A), dysplasia (CP-B) to EAC (OE33 and OE19) was used to investigate TNF-α-mediated induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8). RESULTS IL-6 and IL-8 expressions are increasing with the progression of Barrett's esophagus, with the highest expression of both cytokines in the dysplastic cell line CP-B. IL-8 expression in EAC cells was approx. 4.4-fold (OE33) and eightfold (OE19) higher in EAC cells than in squamous epithelium cells (EPC1 and EPC2). The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α increased IL-8 expression in a time-, concentration-, and stage-specific manner. Furthermore, TNF-α changed the EMT marker profile in OE33 cells by decreasing the epithelial marker E-cadherin and increasing the mesenchymal marker vimentin. The anti-inflammatory compound curcumin was able to repress proliferation and to activate apoptosis in both EAC cell lines. CONCLUSION The increased basal expression levels of IL-8 with the progression of Barrett's esophagus constrain NFκB activation and its contribution in the manifestation of Barrett's esophagus. An anti-inflammatory compound, such as curcumin, could create an anti-inflammatory microenvironment and thus potentially support an increase chemosensitivity in EAC cells.
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Schousboe JT, Lewis JR, Kiel DP. Abdominal aortic calcification on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Methods of assessment and clinical significance. Bone 2017; 104:91-100. [PMID: 28119178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) can be accurately recognized on lateral spine images intended for vertebral fracture assessment, that are obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Greater amounts of AAC are common in the older population for whom DXA is routinely done, and have been consistently associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. AAC has also been associated with incident fractures in some prospective studies, but not in others. However, further research is needed to quantify the extent to which measurement of AAC improves prediction of ASCVD events and its impact on physician and patient ASCVD risk management. Additionally, research to develop better, more precise, automated, quantitative methods of AAC assessment on lateral spine densitometric images will hopefully lead to better prediction of clinical outcomes. In conclusion, although the prime indication for densitometric lateral spine imaging remains vertebral fracture assessment, AAC that is found incidentally on lateral spine images should be reported, so that patients and their health care providers are aware of its presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, HealthPartners Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- University of Western Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, Perth, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jeong H, Baek SY, Kim SW, Eun YH, Kim IY, Lee J, Jeon CH, Koh EM, Cha HS. Comorbidities and health-related quality of life in Koreans with knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186141. [PMID: 29045425 PMCID: PMC5646822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association of knee osteoarthritis (OA) with comorbidities and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods A total of 8,907 (weighted n = 13,687,058) participants aged ≥50 years who had undergone knee radiography were selected from the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. OA was classified into four subgroups based on the presence or absence of pain and radiographic OA (ROA): non-OA (Pain-/ROA-), pain only (Pain+/ROA-), ROA only (Pain-/ROA+), and painful ROA (Pain+/ROA+). ROA was defined as Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥ 2. HRQOL measurements including EuroQOL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores and the five dimensions and summary index of the EuroQOL-5 dimension (EQ-5D index) were also analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analyses were performed. Results After adjustment for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and other comorbidities were not significantly associated with OA. Pain only and painful ROA were each significantly associated with limitations in physical activity (odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% CI 2.07–3.44, p < 0.001 and OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.25–3.58, p < 0.001, respectively), lower EQ-VAS (β-coefficient = -10.95, p < 0.001 and β-coefficient = -9.75, p < 0.001, respectively), and EQ-5D index (β-coefficient = -0.10, p < 0.001 and β-coefficient = -0.13, p < 0.001) compared with the non-OA group, whereas ROA only was not associated with limitations in physical activity or lower HRQOL score. Conclusions Comorbidities were not significantly associated with knee OA after adjustment. Knee OA was associated with physical activity and HRQOL. Painful knee OA, with or without ROA, was more strongly associated with decreased physical activity and lower quality of life than ROA without pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Jeong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- Biostatic and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Biostatic and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hee Eun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaejoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Hong Jeon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Suk Cha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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106
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Biomarkers of inflammation and breast cancer risk: a case-control study nested in the EPIC-Varese cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12708. [PMID: 28983080 PMCID: PMC5629213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Adipokines, and other inflammation molecules linked to adiposity, are suspected to be involved in breast carcinogenesis, however prospective findings are inconclusive. In a prospective nested case-control study within the EPIC-Varese cohort, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for BC, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), in relation to plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, leptin, and adiponectin, controlling for BC risk factors. After a median 14.9 years, 351 BC cases were identified and matched to 351 controls. No marker was significantly associated with BC risk overall. Significant interactions between menopausal status and CRP, leptin, and adiponectin were found. Among postmenopausal women, high CRP was significantly associated with increased BC risk, and high adiponectin with significantly reduced risk. Among premenopausal women, high TNF-α was associated with significantly increased risk, and high leptin with reduced risk; interleukin-6 was associated with increased risk only in a continuous model. These findings constitute further evidence that inflammation plays a role in breast cancer. Interventions to lower CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 and increase adiponectin levels may contribute to preventing BC.
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107
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Lustgarten MS, Fielding RA. Metabolites Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1277-1283. [PMID: 26975982 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are elevated in older adults, but mechanisms are unclear. In the current study, we used an untargeted metabolomic approach to develop an improved understanding about mechanisms related to circulating IL-6 in older adults. Methods Serum IL-6 values were log-transformed to normalize its distribution. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to examine the association between 324 serum metabolites with log IL-6. Backward elimination linear regression was used to develop a metabolite predictor set representative of log IL-6. Results Thirty-six metabolites were significantly associated (p < 0.05 and q < 0.30) with log IL-6 in 73 older adults (average age, 78 years). Metabolites related to tryptophan metabolism (kynurenine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, indoleacetate, indolepropionate, C-glycosyltryptophan), infectious burden (C-glycosyltryptophan, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, 1-methylurate, N-formylmethionine, N1-methyladenosine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, bilirubin (E,E), indoleacetate, γ-CEHC, N-acetylneuraminate), aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A expression (kynurenine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, indoleacetate, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, bilirubin, 1-methylurate) were positively associated, whereas metabolites related to CYP-mediated ω-oxidation (adipate, 8-hydroxyoctanoate, azelate, sebacate, undecanedioate, γ-CEHC), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) activation (13 + 9-HODE, bilirubin, 5-oxoproline, cholesterol, glycerate, uridine) were negatively associated with log IL-6. The use of backward elimination regression identified tyrosine, cysteine, uridine, bilirubin, N-formylmethionine, indoleacetate, and 3-indoxyl sulfate to collectively explain 51% of the variance inherent in log IL-6. Conclusions These data suggest roles for tryptophan metabolism, infectious burden, activation of host defense, and detoxification through CYP1A-mediated pathways in mechanisms related to elevated inflammation, whereas CYP-mediated ω-oxidation and PPAR-α activation may be related to decreased inflammation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Lustgarten
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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108
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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Singhal G, Baune BT. Microglia: An Interface between the Loss of Neuroplasticity and Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:270. [PMID: 28943841 PMCID: PMC5596091 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been widely accepted as a major psychiatric disease affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide. Research focus is now shifting from studying the extrinsic and social factors of depression to the underlying molecular causes. Microglial activity is shown to be associated with pathological conditions, such as psychological stress, pathological aging, and chronic infections. These are primary immune effector cells in the CNS and regulate the extensive dialogue between the nervous and the immune systems in response to different immunological, physiological, and psychological stressors. Studies have suggested that during stress and pathologies, microglia play a significant role in the disruption of neuroplasticity and have detrimental effects on neuroprotection causing neuroinflammation and exacerbation of depression. After a systematic search of literature databases, relevant articles on the microglial regulation of bidirectional neuroimmune pathways affecting neuroplasticity and leading to depression were reviewed. Although, several hypotheses have been proposed for the microglial role in the onset of depression, it is clear that all molecular pathways to depression are linked through microglia-associated neuroinflammation and hippocampal degeneration. Molecular factors such as an excess of glucocorticoids and changes in gene expression of neurotrophic factors, as well as neuro active substances secreted by gut microbiota have also been shown to affect microglial morphology and phenotype resulting in depression. This review aims to critically analyze the various molecular pathways associated with the microglial role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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C-reactive protein gene rs1205 polymorphism is not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170872. [PMID: 28706007 PMCID: PMC5539488 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) gene rs1205 polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been investigated previously. However, the results were conflicting. In the present study, we assessed whether CRP gene rs1205 polymorphism was associated with the risk of CRC by meta-analysis. We searched in PubMed, Embase, and the CNKI databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Seven original studies involving 4,181 cases and 10,601 controls analyzed the association between CRP gene rs1205 polymorphism and CRC risk. No significant association was found between CRP gene rs1205 polymorphism and CRC risk in this meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis did not draw different findings. Stratification analyses of ethnicity, type of cancer, and genotype method also did not obtain any association between CRP gene rs1205 polymorphism and CRC risk. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that CRP gene rs1205 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of CRC.
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111
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Buford TW. (Dis)Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:80. [PMID: 28709450 PMCID: PMC5512975 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents one of the most consistent biologic features of aging. However, the precise etiology of persistent low-grade increases in inflammation remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a key role in age-related inflammation. Indeed, several studies have indicated that older adults display an altered composition of the gut microbiota, and early evidence indicates that this dysbiosis is associated with the presence of several key circulating inflammatory analytes. The present review summarizes knowledge on age-related inflammation and discusses how potential relationships with gut dysbiosis may lead to novel treatment strategies in the future."The pattern of disease is an expression of the response of man to his total environment (physical, biological, and social); this response is, therefore, determined by anything that affects man himself or his environment." - Rene Dubos, 1961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 933 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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112
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Payne P, Fiering S, Leiter JC, Zava DT, Crane-Godreau MA. Effectiveness of a Novel Qigong Meditative Movement Practice for Impaired Health in Flight Attendants Exposed to Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:67. [PMID: 28270757 PMCID: PMC5318411 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This single-arm non-randomized pilot study explores an intervention to improve the health of flight attendants (FA) exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke prior to the smoking ban on commercial airlines. This group exhibits an unusual pattern of long-term pulmonary dysfunction. We report on Phase I of a two-phase clinical trial; the second Phase will be a randomized controlled trial testing digital delivery of the intervention. Subjects were recruited in the Northeastern US; testing and intervention were administered in 4 major cities. The intervention involved 12 h of training in Meditative Movement practices. Based on recent research on the effects of nicotine on fear learning, and the influence of the autonomic nervous system on immune function, our hypothesis was that this training would improve autonomic function and thus benefit a range of health measures. Primary outcomes were the 6-min walk test and blood levels of C-reactive protein. Pulmonary, cardiovascular, autonomic, and affective measures were also taken. Fourteen participants completed the training and post-testing. There was a 53% decrease in high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (p ≤ 0.05), a 7% reduction in systolic blood pressure (p ≤ 0.05), a 13% increase in the 6-min walk test (p ≤ 0.005), and significant positive changes in several other outcomes. These results tend to confirm the hypothesized benefits of MM training for this population, and indicate that autonomic function may be important in the etiology and treatment of their symptoms. No adverse effects were reported. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02612389/), and is supported by a grant from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Payne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - James C Leiter
- Department of Molecular and System Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Mardi A Crane-Godreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA
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Tai SF, Chien HT, Young CK, Tsao CK, de Pablo A, Fan KH, Liao CT, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Chang JTC, Huang SF. Roles of preoperative C-reactive protein are more relevant in buccal cancer than other subsites. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:47. [PMID: 28209200 PMCID: PMC5314474 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is an early marker for inflammation, and a relationship between serum CRP levels and survival in oral cancer has been demonstrated previously. In this study, we investigated the roles of CRP in different oral cancer subsites. Methods Three hundred and forty-three oral squamous cell carcinoma patients between June 1999 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Serum CRP levels were measured preoperatively. Results The elevation of CRP levels (≥5.0 mg/L) was significantly correlated with pathologic tumor status, pathologic nodal status, nodal extracapsular spread, tumor stage, skin invasion, tumor depth (≥10 mm), and bone invasion. The correlation between elevation of CRP and clinicopathologic factors was more evident in the buccal cancer compared to other tumor subsites. The disease-free survival and overall survival correlation was significant in buccal cancer (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001) but not in tongue cancer (p = 0.119 and p = 0.341) or other oral cancer subsites (p = 0.246 and p = 0.696). Conclusions Preoperative serum CRP level was a prognosticator in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and its effect was more prominent in buccal cancer that occurs more frequently in areca-quid (AQ) endemic regions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12957-017-1116-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Fwu Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei-Tzu Chien
- Department of Public Health, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Kuang Young
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Kang Tsao
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Alba de Pablo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kang-Hsing Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Jan Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Joseph Tung-Chieh Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiang-Fu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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114
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Tabung FK, Fung TT, Chavarro JE, Smith-Warner SA, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Associations between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and biomarkers of inflammation, hormonal, and insulin response. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:764-776. [PMID: 27798951 PMCID: PMC5167632 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations has been associated with lower cancer risk but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been elucidated. We utilized dietary and lifestyle data from 11,342 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 8,136 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, to investigate associations between adherence scores and markers of inflammation, hormonal and insulin response. Two scores ranging from 0 to 3 were constructed to assess adherence to the energy balance-related recommendations (weight management, physical activity, energy density); and the plant, animal foods and alcohol intake recommendations; with higher scores indicating greater adherence. The following biomarkers were assessed in plasma samples donated by chronic disease-free women (1990) and men (1994): C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor 2 (TNFαR2) and adiponectin for inflammation; estrone and estradiol for hormonal response in women, C-peptide for hyperinsulinemia; and triglycerides/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio for insulin resistance. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses, we estimated relative concentrations of biomarkers across adherence categories. There was a significant trend of lower (higher for adiponectin) biomarker concentrations with higher adherence to the energy balance recommendations (all p trend <0.0001). Comparing the highest (3) to the lowest recommendation category (0-1), the percent difference in relative concentrations of biomarkers was CRP, -69%; IL6, -41%; TNFαR2, -13%; adiponectin, +36%; C-peptide, -43%; TG/HDL, -43%; estrone, -31%; and estradiol, -43%; in women; and CRP, -59%; IL6, -42%; TNFαR2, -10%; adiponectin, +22%; C-peptide, -44%; and TG/HDL, -40%; in men. In contrast, associations between adherence to the plant, animal foods and alcohol intake recommendations and biomarker concentrations were weaker, and mostly nonsignificant. The healthier biomarker profile associated with greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations is driven mainly by adherence to the energy balance-related recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Womens' Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Womens' Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Womens' Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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115
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Harmon BE, Wirth MD, Boushey CJ, Wilkens LR, Draluck E, Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hofseth L, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Hébert JR. The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort. J Nutr 2017; 147:430-438. [PMID: 28179489 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.242529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diet is known to influence systemic inflammation, a recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies in ethnically diverse populations that examine the association between dietary inflammatory potential and CRC incidence are limited.Objectives: We used the Dietary Inflammatory Index to clarify the relation between the inflammatory potential of diet and CRC incidence across racial/ethnic groups. We hypothesized that proinflammatory diets would be associated with an increased risk of CRC, and that these associations may differ across racial/ethnic groups.Methods: The Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) follows a prospective study design. It includes 190,963 white, African-American, native Hawaiian, Japanese-American, and Latino men and women aged 45-75 y at recruitment and followed over 20 y. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire from which energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores were computed and categorized into quartiles. CRC incidence was documented through linkage to cancer registry programs. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs, adjusting for known or expected CRC risk factors.Results: Among all participants, more-proinflammatory diets (highest quartile compared with lowest quartile) were associated with an increased risk of CRC (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.32). However, the effect size was larger for men (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.45) than for women (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.33), although the interaction term for sex was not statistically significant (P-interaction = 0.17). When stratified by race/ethnicity, the association was significantly different between groups for men (P-interaction = 0.01), although not for women (P-interaction = 0.20). Significant associations with HRs ranging from 2.33 to 1.04 were observed in white, Japanese-American, and Latino men, and native Hawaiian women.Conclusions: Overall, more-proinflammatory diets, as identified by the E-DII, were associated with increased CRC risk in MEC participants across racial/ethnic groups. This study adds to the evidence suggesting that diets with high proinflammatory potential may increase CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook E Harmon
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN;
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | | | - Emma Draluck
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Susan E Steck
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Lorne Hofseth
- South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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116
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Brenner DR, Fanidi A, Grankvist K, Muller DC, Brennan P, Manjer J, Byrnes G, Hodge A, Severi G, Giles GG, Johansson M, Johansson M. Inflammatory Cytokines and Lung Cancer Risk in 3 Prospective Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:86-95. [PMID: 27998891 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To further investigate the role of inflammation in lung carcinogenesis, we evaluated associations between proinflammatory cytokines and lung cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within 3 prospective cohort studies-the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (1990-1994), the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (1991-1996), and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (initiated in 1985)-involving 807 incident lung cancer cases and 807 smoking-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models adjusting for serum cotinine concentrations were used to estimate odds ratios for lung cancer risk associated with concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We observed a higher lung cancer risk for participants with elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. These associations seemed to be stronger among former smokers (for fourth quartile vs. first quartile, odds ratio (OR) = 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55, 4.70) and current smokers (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.44) for IL-6 and among former smokers (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.18, 6.75) and current smokers (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.69, 2.44) for IL-8. No notable associations were observed among never smokers. Risk associations with IL-6 and IL-8 were observed for blood samples taken close to diagnosis (<5 years) as well as more than 15 years postdiagnosis.
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117
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Krause M. Anti-Aging-Medizin. PLASTISCHE CHIRURGIE 2017:125-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-48849-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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118
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Park S, Park S, Lee SH, Suh B, Ock CY, Keam B, Kim TM, Kim DW, Kim YW, Heo DS. Pretreatment albumin-to-globulin ratio as a predictive marker for tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:425-33. [PMID: 27062699 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) has been known as a prognostic factor for cancer-related mortality. However, no study has elucidated its usefulness as a predictive factor in the era of targeted therapy, and so, we evaluated this in the present study. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 2012 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among these patients, 645 patients who had EGFR mutation and suitable pretreatment laboratory values were included. AGR was calculated 2 months before treatment and 4 months after treatment in each patient. The optimal cutoff value of AGR, and progression free survival (PFS) were also determined. RESULTS The optimal cutoff value of AGR was 1.17, which yielded a highest HR of 1.89 (P< 0.001) for poor PFS. The median PFS was 9.5 months (95% confidential interval [CI] 7.0-10.4) in patients with pretreatment AGR < 1.17 and 13.5 months (95% CI 11.9-14.7) in those with pretreatment AGR ≥ 1.17. Pretreatment AGR showed an independent predictive value (adjusted HR 1.80, P < 0.001) when age, performance status, and pre-TKI systemic treatment was adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that patients with NSCLC with EGFR mutations who have AGR values lower than 1.17 at the beginning of EGFR TKI treatment should be considered to have a high risk of early EGFR TKI failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehhoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongyeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomseok Suh
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Whan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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119
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Temporary changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios, and mean platelet volume reflecting the inflammatory process after radioiodine therapy. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 37:393-8. [PMID: 26619396 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on the effects of radioiodine (RAI) therapy on systemic inflammation are very limited. The aim of this study is to explore alterations of subclinical systemic inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV), after RAI therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 57 DTC patients treated with RAI (RAI group), 37 DTC patients not treated with RAI (non-RAI control group), and 37 age-matched healthy individuals (healthy control group). NLR, PLR, and MPV levels were compared among the study groups; these were also examined after RAI in the RAI group. RESULTS Initially, NLR was significantly higher in the RAI group than in the healthy controls. NLR and PLR increased significantly and MPV decreased significantly 2 months after RAI therapy (P=0.021, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). Although NLR and PLR levels decreased, they were still high compared with the preoperative values. MPV returned to normal levels at 6 months. These parameters did not change significantly in the non-RAI control group. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate changes in NLR, PLR, and MPV after RAI therapy. Our findings suggest that NLR, PLR, and MPV changes indicate systemic inflammation that occurs after RAI therapy because of thyroid remnant tissue ablation.
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120
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Serious Non-AIDS Events: Therapeutic Targets of Immune Activation and Chronic Inflammation in HIV Infection. Drugs 2016; 76:533-49. [PMID: 26915027 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) have become the major causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Early ART initiation has the strongest evidence for reducing SNAEs and mortality. Biomarkers of immune activation, inflammation and coagulopathy do not fully normalize despite virologic suppression and persistent immune activation is an important contributor to SNAEs. A number of strategies aimed to reduce persistent immune activation including ART intensification to reduce residual viremia; treatment of co-infections to reduce chronic antigen stimulation; the use of anti-inflammatory agents, reducing microbial translocation as well as interventions to improve immune recovery through cytokine administration and reducing lymphoid tissue fibrosis, have been investigated. To date, there is little conclusive evidence on which strategies beyond treatment of hepatitis B and C co-infections and reducing cardiovascular risk factors will result in clinical benefits in patients already on ART with viral suppression. The use of statins seems to show early promise and larger clinical trials are underway to confirm their efficacy. At this stage, clinical care of HIV-infected patients should therefore focus on early diagnosis and prompt ART initiation, treatment of active co-infections and the aggressive management of co-morbidities until further data are available.
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121
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Biomarkers and Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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122
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Zhang X, Liu S, Zhou Y. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α and risk of colorectal adenomas: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:64371-64379. [PMID: 27608842 PMCID: PMC5325449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from publications on inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and risk of colorectal adenomas are not consistent. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the above-mentioned associations. Relevant studies were identified by a search of Embase, Medline and PubMed through February 2016. A random effect model was adopted to combine study-specific odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Between-study heterogeneity and publications bias were assessed. Dose-response relationships were assessed by restricted cubic splines. Nineteen observational studies were included. For highest vs. lowest levels, results from this meta-analysis did not support an association between circulating levels of CRP [OR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.94-1.40)], IL-6 [1.17 (0.94-1.46)] and TNF-α [0.99 (0.75-1.31)] and risk of colorectal adenomas, respectively. The findings were supported by sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. In dose-response analysis, the risk of colorectal adenomas increased by 2% [1.02 (0.97-1.08)] for each 1 mg/L increment in circulation CRP levels, 9% [1.09 (0.91-1.31)] for each 1 ng/L increment in circulation IL-6 levels, and 6% [1.06 (0.93-1.21)] for each 1 pg/mL increment in circulation TNF-α levels. Moderate between-study heterogeneity was found. No evidence of publication bias was found. Circulation levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α might be not useful biomarkers for identifying colorectal adenomas, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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123
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Kim C, Zhang X, Chan AT, Sesso HD, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Ma J. Inflammatory biomarkers, aspirin, and risk of colorectal cancer: Findings from the physicians' health study. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44:65-70. [PMID: 27504605 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the associations between plasma inflammatory markers and risk of colorectal cancer have been inconsistent. METHODS In a nested case-control study in the Physicians' Health Study, we prospectively investigated the associations of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR-2) with risk of colorectal cancer, and whether aspirin modified these associations among 268 colorectal cancer patients and 446 age- and smoking-matched controls. RESULTS In multivariate-adjusted models, plasma levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNFR-2 were not significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer, although a positive trend was observed for TNFR-2 (RRhighestvs.lowestquartile=1.55; 95% CI=0.95-2.54; Ptrend=0.05). We observed a statistically significant association between elevated TNFR-2 levels and colorectal cancer risk in the placebo arm (RRhighestvs.lowesttertile=1.77; 95% CI=1.02-3.06; Ptrend=0.02), but not in the aspirin arm (Ptrend=0.72). However, the interaction between TNFR-2 and aspirin was not statistically significant (Pinteraction=0.34). CONCLUSION Plasma inflammatory markers were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk among men, though there was a statistically non-significant positive trend between TNFR-2 and colorectal cancer risk. More studies are required to understand the relationship between the role of TNFα pathway, aspirin, and colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nader Rifai
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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124
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The Obesity-Breast Cancer Conundrum: An Analysis of the Issues. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060989. [PMID: 27338371 PMCID: PMC4926517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer develops over a timeframe of 2-3 decades prior to clinical detection. Given this prolonged latency, it is somewhat unexpected from a biological perspective that obesity has no effect or reduces the risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women yet increases the risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This conundrum is particularly striking in light of the generally negative effects of obesity on breast cancer outcomes, including larger tumor size at diagnosis and poorer prognosis in both pre- and postmenopausal women. This review and analysis identifies factors that may contribute to this apparent conundrum, issues that merit further investigation, and characteristics of preclinical models for breast cancer and obesity that should be considered if animal models are used to deconstruct the conundrum.
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125
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Cheng WL, Kao YH, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Pathophysiology of cancer therapy-provoked atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 219:186-94. [PMID: 27327505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs with increased frequency in cancer patients, especially in patients who undergo surgery or chemotherapy. AF disturbs the prognosis of cancer patients and challenges therapeutic outcomes of cancer treatment. Elucidating the mechanisms of cancer-induced AF would help identify specific strategies for preventing AF occurrence. In addition to concurrent risk factors of cancer and AF, cancer surgery, side effects of anticancer agents, and cancer-associated immune responses play critical roles in the genesis of AF. In this review, we provide succinct potential mechanisms of AF genesis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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126
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Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Marsland B. The Gut-Liver-Lung Axis. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response and Its Possible Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:161-9. [PMID: 26473323 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0250ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that a diet high in fiber is associated with better lung function and reduced risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism for this benefit remains unknown, but, as fiber is not absorbed by the gut, this finding suggests that the gut may play an active role in pathogenic pathways underlying COPD. There is a growing awareness that aberrant activity of the innate immune system, characterized by increased neutrophil and macrophage activation, may contribute to the development or progression of COPD. Innate immunity is modulated in large part by the liver, where hepatic cells function in immune surveillance of the portal circulation, as well as providing a rich source of systemic inflammatory cytokines and immune mediators (notably, IL-6 and C-reactive protein). We believe that the beneficial effect of dietary fiber on lung function is through modulation of innate immunity and subsequent attenuation of the pulmonary response to inflammatory stimuli, most apparent in current or former smokers. We propose that the "gut-liver-lung axis" may play a modifying role in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this review, we summarize lines of evidence that include animal models, large prospective observational studies, and clinical trials, supporting the hypothesis that the gut-liver-lung axis plays an integral part in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Young
- 1 School of Biological Science and the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Raewyn J Hopkins
- 1 School of Biological Science and the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Benjamin Marsland
- 2 Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universataire Vaudois, Epalinges, Switzerland
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127
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McKay HS, Bream JH, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Phair JP, Rinaldo CR, Abraham AG, Jacobson LP. Host factors associated with serologic inflammatory markers assessed using multiplex assays. Cytokine 2016; 85:71-9. [PMID: 27295613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation contributes to the development of adverse health conditions, yet the influence of fixed and modifiable risk factors on many serologic biomarkers of inflammation remains largely unknown. Serum concentrations of twenty-three biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines (CXCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL13, CCL4, CCL17, CXCL13, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, GM-CSF, BAFF), and soluble immune receptors (sCD14, sIL-2Rα, sCD27, sgp130, sTNF-R2) were measured longitudinally using multiplexed immunometric assays in 250 HIV-uninfected men followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1984-2009). Generalized gamma regression was used to determine the statistical significance of factors associated with each biomarker. After accounting for age, race, and education, and for analysis of multiple biomarkers, higher concentrations of specific individual biomarkers were significantly (P<0.002) associated with hypertension, obesity, hepatitis C infection, stimulant use, and diabetes and lower concentrations with hypercholesterolemia. These associations should be taken into account in epidemiological studies of these biomarkers, and may provide potential targets for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S McKay
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jay H Bream
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Phair
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, CA, USA
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa P Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Allin KH, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of cancer in 84,000 individuals from the general population. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1493-500. [PMID: 27194008 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cancer are tightly linked. This study tests the hypothesis that an inflammatory score based on plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen and whole blood leukocyte count is associated with risk of colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer. A score ranging from none through three elevated biomarkers was constructed in 84,000 individuals from the Danish general population. During a median follow-up time of 4.8 years, 4,081 incident cancers occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cancer. Multifactor-adjusted HRs for colorectal cancer were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.62), 1.79 (95% CI, 1.41 to 2.27) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.67 to 2.86) for individuals with elevated levels of one, two and three inflammatory biomarkers compared to individuals with none elevated biomarkers. A similar stepwise increasing risk was observed for lung and breast cancer with HRs of 3.03 (95% CI, 2.25 to 4.08) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.80) for three versus none elevated biomarkers. HRs were highest within the first years of follow-up. Absolute 5-year risk of lung cancer was 7.8 (95% CI, 6.1 to 10)% among older smokers with three elevated biomarkers compared to 3.8 (95% CI, 2.6 to 5.6)% among those with none elevated biomarkers. In conclusion, simultaneously elevated CRP, fibrinogen and leukocyte count are associated with an increased risk of colorectal, lung and breast cancer. Cancer as a promoter of inflammation may be more likely to account for our findings than low-grade inflammation promoting cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine H Allin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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129
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Grund B, Baker JV, Deeks SG, Wolfson J, Wentworth D, Cozzi-Lepri A, Cohen CJ, Phillips A, Lundgren JD, Neaton JD. Relevance of Interleukin-6 and D-Dimer for Serious Non-AIDS Morbidity and Death among HIV-Positive Adults on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155100. [PMID: 27171281 PMCID: PMC4865234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite effective antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk of serious non-AIDS conditions (cardiovascular, liver and renal disease, and cancers), perhaps due in part to ongoing inflammation and/or coagulation. To estimate the potential risk reduction in serious non-AIDS conditions or death from any cause that might be achieved with treatments that reduce inflammation and/or coagulation, we examined associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels with serious non-AIDS conditions or death in 3 large cohorts. Methods In HIV-positive adults on suppressive ART, associations of IL-6, D-dimer, and hsCRP levels at study entry with serious non-AIDS conditions or death were studied using Cox regression. Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for age, gender, study, and regression dilution bias (due to within-person biomarker variability) were used to predict risk reductions in serious non-AIDS conditions or death associated with lower “usual” levels of IL-6 and D-dimer. Results Over 4.9 years of mean follow-up, 260 of the 3766 participants experienced serious non-AIDS conditions or death. IL-6, D-dimer and hsCRP were each individually associated with risk of serious non-AIDS conditions or death, HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.30 to 1.63), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.44), and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.26) per 2x higher biomarker levels, respectively. In joint models, IL-6 and D-dimer were independently associated with serious non-AIDS conditions or death, with consistent results across the 3 cohorts and across serious non-AIDS event types. The association of IL-6 and D-dimer with serious non-AIDS conditions or death was graded and persisted throughout follow-up. For 25% lower “usual” IL-6 and D-dimer levels, the joint biomarker model estimates a 37% reduction (95% CI: 28 to 46%) in the risk of serious non-AIDS conditions or death if the relationship is causal. Conclusions Both IL-6 and D-dimer are independently associated with serious non-AIDS conditions or death among HIV-positive adults with suppressed virus. This suggests that treatments that reduce IL-6 and D-dimer levels might substantially decrease morbidity and mortality in patients on suppressive ART. Clinical trials are needed to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Grund
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason V Baker
- Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Julian Wolfson
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Deborah Wentworth
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Calvin J. Cohen
- Medical Affairs Department, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jens D. Lundgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James D. Neaton
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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130
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Comstock SS, Xu D, Hortos K, Kovan B, McCaskey S, Pathak DR, Fenton JI. Association of serum cytokines with colorectal polyp number and type in adult males. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:173-81. [PMID: 25793917 PMCID: PMC4575597 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis. To determine whether serum cytokines are associated with colon polyps, 126 asymptomatic men (48-65 years) were recruited during colonoscopy. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured. Odds ratios were determined using polytomous logistic regression for polyp number and type. Men with serum monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) or soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R) concentrations in the highest tertile were 0.2 times less likely to have three or more polyps relative to no polyps. For each increase in serum MCP-3 or sIL-4R tertile a man was about 0.4 times less likely to have three or more polyps than to have no polyps. Men with serum concentrations of interferon-α2 (IFN-α2) or interleukin (IL)-7 in the highest tertile were three times more likely to have an adenoma than no polyps. Those with serum IL-8 concentrations in the highest tertile were four times more likely to have an adenoma than no polyps. For each increase in serum IFN-α2, IL-7, or IL-8 tertile an individual was 1.8 times more likely to have an adenoma than to have no polyps. Serum concentrations of MCP-3, sIL-4R, IFN-α2, IL-7, and IL-8 may indicate which men are more likely to have colorectal polyps.
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131
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Borges ÁH, O'Connor JL, Phillips AN, Neaton JD, Grund B, Neuhaus J, Vjecha MJ, Calmy A, Koelsch KK, Lundgren JD. Interleukin 6 Is a Stronger Predictor of Clinical Events Than High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein or D-Dimer During HIV Infection. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:408-16. [PMID: 27132283 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and D-dimer levels are linked to adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but the strength of their associations with different clinical end points warrants investigation. METHODS Participants receiving standard of care in 2 HIV trials with measured biomarker levels were followed to ascertain all-cause death, non-AIDS-related death, AIDS, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-AIDS-defining malignancies. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each end point for quartiles and log2-transformed IL-6, hsCRP, and D-dimer levels were calculated using Cox models. Marginal models modelling multiple events tested for equal effects of biomarker levels on different end points. RESULTS Among 4304 participants, there were 157 all-cause deaths, 117 non-AIDS-related deaths, 101 AIDS cases, 121 CVD cases, and 99 non-AIDS-defining malignancies. IL-6 was more strongly associated with most end points, compared with hsCRP. IL-6 appeared to be a stronger predictor than D-dimer for CVD and non-AIDS-defining malignancies, but 95% CIs overlapped. Independent associations of IL-6 were stronger for non-AIDS-related death (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.43-2.04) and all-cause death (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33-1.84) and similar for CVD (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12-1.62) and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06-1.61). There was heterogeneity of IL-6 (P < .001) but not hsCRP (P = .15) or D-dimer (P = .20) as a predictor for different end points. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 is a stronger predictor of fatal events than of CVD and non-AIDS-defining malignancies. Adjuvant antiinflammatory and antithrombotic therapies should be tested in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro H Borges
- Centre for Health and Infectious Diseases Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet-University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jemma L O'Connor
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Phillips
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Birgit Grund
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | - Michael J Vjecha
- Institute for Clinical Research Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington D.C
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- HIV Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Kersten K Koelsch
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, and St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- Centre for Health and Infectious Diseases Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet-University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition with numerous health risks, and the incidence of hypertension is greatest among older adults. Traditional discussions of hypertension have largely focused on the risks for cardiovascular disease and associated events. However, there are a number of collateral effects, including risks for dementia, physical disability, and falls/fractures which are increasingly garnering attention in the hypertension literature. Several key mechanisms--including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction--are common to biologic aging and hypertension development and appear to have key mechanistic roles in the development of the cardiovascular and collateral risks of late-life hypertension. The objective of the present review is to highlight the multi-dimensional risks of hypertension among older adults and discuss potential strategies for treatment and future areas of research for improving overall care for older adults with hypertension.
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133
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Geng P, Sa R, Li J, Li H, Liu C, Liao Y, Xiang L, Wang N, Ou J, Xie G, Liang H. Genetic polymorphisms in C-reactive protein increase cancer susceptibility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:17161. [PMID: 26912098 PMCID: PMC4766465 DOI: 10.1038/srep17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) partially induced by polymorphisms in the CRP gene have been associated with human cancer. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that CRP gene polymorphisms (+942G>C, 1846C>T) modify inherited susceptibility to cancer. We systematically identified the publications addressing the association of CRP gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility. Studies that fulfilled all inclusion criteria were considered eligible in this meta-analysis. We analyzed a total of 8 case-control studies. Individuals with the CC genotype were found to have an almost 4 fold higher risk of cancer than those with the GG or GC and GG genotypes. A significant association was also indicated in subgroup of colorectal cancer. Meta-analysis of 1846C>T polymorphism showed increased cancer risk in relation to the 1846 TT genotype (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01–1.31; TT vs. CT + CC; OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03–1.32). Similar results were suggested in Caucasian populations and colorectal cancer. These data suggest that both +942G>C and 1846C>T polymorphisms in the CRP gene may influence cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Geng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rina Sa
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yunmei Liao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lisha Xiang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
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Morrison L, Laukkanen JA, Ronkainen K, Kurl S, Kauhanen J, Toriola AT. Inflammatory biomarker score and cancer: A population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:80. [PMID: 26860264 PMCID: PMC4748611 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with cancer but there are conflicting reports on associations of biomarkers of inflammation with cancer risk and mortality. We investigated the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count with cancer risk and mortality using individual biomarkers, and an inflammatory score derived from both biomarkers. METHODS We conducted this analysis among 2,570 men enrolled in the population-based, prospective Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Finland. During an average follow-up period of 26 years, 653 cancer cases and 287 cancer deaths occurred. We computed a z-score for each participant, with the combined z-score being the sum of each individual's CRP and leukocyte z-scores. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate associations with cancer risk and mortality. RESULTS Using individual biomarkers, elevated leukocyte count was associated with an increased risk of cancer (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.66), and cancer mortality (RR=, 95% CI 1.39, 0.98-1.97). The corresponding results for CRP were (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.97-1.55) for risk and (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.81-1.64) for cancer mortality. Associations of the biomarkers with cancer appeared to be more robust using the combined z-score. HRs comparing men within the highest z-score quartile to those within the lowest z-score quartiles were 1.47 (95% CI 1.16-1.88, p-trend < 0.01) for cancer risk, and 1.48 (95% CI 1.03-2.14, p-trend = 0.09) for cancer mortality. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that inflammation is associated with cancer risk and mortality, and combining inflammatory biomarkers into a score is a robust method of elucidating this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leavitt Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63144, USA.
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, 96300, Finland.
| | - Kimmo Ronkainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
| | - Sudhir Kurl
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63144, USA.
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135
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Promotion of a cancer-like phenotype, through chronic exposure to inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia in a bronchial epithelial cell line model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18907. [PMID: 26759080 PMCID: PMC4725362 DOI: 10.1038/srep18907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer accounts for approximately 20% of all cancer related deaths. Five-year survival is poor and rates have remained unchanged for the past four decades. There is an urgent need to identify markers of lung carcinogenesis and new targets for therapy. Given the recent successes of immune modulators in cancer therapy and the improved understanding of immune evasion by tumours, we sought to determine the carcinogenic impact of chronic TNF-α and IL-1β exposure in a normal bronchial epithelial cell line model. Following three months of culture in a chronic inflammatory environment under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia (0.5% oxygen), normal cells developed a number of key genotypic and phenotypic alterations. Important cellular features such as the proliferative, adhesive and invasive capacity of the normal cells were significantly amplified. In addition, gene expression profiles were altered in pathways associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion. The data generated in this study provides support that TNF-α, IL-1β and hypoxia promotes a neoplastic phenotype in normal bronchial epithelial cells. In turn these mediators may be of benefit for biomarker and/or immune-therapy target studies. This project provides an important inflammatory in vitro model for further immuno-oncology studies in the lung cancer setting.
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136
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Navarro SL, Kantor ED, Song X, Milne GL, Lampe JW, Kratz M, White E. Factors Associated with Multiple Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:521-31. [PMID: 26908433 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While much is known about correlates of C-reactive protein (CRP), little is known about correlates of other inflammation biomarkers. As these measures are increasingly being used in epidemiologic studies, it is important to determine what factors affect inflammation biomarker concentrations. METHODS Using age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) adjusted linear regression, we examined 38 exposures (demographic and anthropometric measures, chronic disease history, NSAIDs, dietary factors, and supplement use) of 8 inflammation biomarkers [CRP, IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα, and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR) in plasma; and prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M) in urine] in 217 adults, ages 50 to 76 years. RESULTS Increasing age was associated with higher concentrations of all biomarkers except IL1β. BMI was positively associated with CRP and sTNFR I and II. Saturated fat intake was associated with increased CRP, sTNFRII, TNFα, and IL1β, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) intake (diet or total) was associated with decreased CRP, TNFα, and IL1β. Results for sex were varied: CRP and IL6 were lower among men, whereas PGE-M and sTNFRI were higher. Higher CRP was also associated with smoking, hormone replacement therapy use, and γ-tocopherol intake; lower CRP with physical activity, and intakes of dietary vitamin C and total fiber. CONCLUSIONS Although the associations varied by biomarker, the factors having the greatest number of significant associations (P ≤ 0.05) with the inflammation biomarkers were age, BMI, dietary saturated fat, and EPA+DHA omega-3 fatty acids. IMPACT Our results suggest that potential confounders in epidemiologic studies assessing associations with inflammation biomarkers vary across specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi L Navarro
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Elizabeth D Kantor
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, New York
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mario Kratz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington
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Van Hecke T, Jakobsen LMA, Vossen E, Guéraud F, De Vos F, Pierre F, Bertram HCS, De Smet S. Short-term beef consumption promotes systemic oxidative stress, TMAO formation and inflammation in rats, and dietary fat content modulates these effects. Food Funct 2016; 7:3760-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High beef consumption induces oxidative stress in gastrointestinal mucosae and extra-gastrointestinal organs such as the heart and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Hecke
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality
- Department of Animal Production
- Ghent University
- Melle
- Belgium
| | | | - Els Vossen
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality
- Department of Animal Production
- Ghent University
- Melle
- Belgium
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- UMR1331 Toxalim
- INRA
- INP
- UPS
- Team 9 “Prevention and Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food”
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- UMR1331 Toxalim
- INRA
- INP
- UPS
- Team 9 “Prevention and Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food”
| | - Hanne C. S. Bertram
- Food
- metabolomics and sensory
- Department of Food Science
- Aarhus University
- Årslev
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality
- Department of Animal Production
- Ghent University
- Melle
- Belgium
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138
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Leitzmann M, Powers H, Anderson AS, Scoccianti C, Berrino F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Cecchini M, Espina C, Key TJ, Norat T, Wiseman M, Romieu I. European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Physical activity and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39 Suppl 1:S46-55. [PMID: 26187327 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is a complex, multidimensional behavior, the precise measurement of which is challenging in free-living individuals. Nonetheless, representative survey data show that 35% of the European adult population is physically inactive. Inadequate levels of physical activity are disconcerting given substantial epidemiologic evidence showing that physical activity is associated with decreased risks of colon, endometrial, and breast cancers. For example, insufficient physical activity levels are thought to cause 9% of breast cancer cases and 10% of colon cancer cases in Europe. By comparison, the evidence for a beneficial effect of physical activity is less consistent for cancers of the lung, pancreas, ovary, prostate, kidney, and stomach. The biologic pathways underlying the association between physical activity and cancer risk are incompletely defined, but potential etiologic pathways include insulin resistance, growth factors, adipocytokines, steroid hormones, and immune function. In recent years, sedentary behavior has emerged as a potential independent determinant of cancer risk. In cancer survivors, physical activity has shown positive effects on body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, anxiety, and self-esteem. Physical activity may also carry benefits regarding cancer survival, but more evidence linking increased physical activity to prolonged cancer survival is needed. Future studies using new technologies - such as accelerometers and e-tools - will contribute to improved assessments of physical activity. Such advancements in physical activity measurement will help clarify the relationship between physical activity and cancer risk and survival. Taking the overall existing evidence into account, the fourth edition of the European Code against Cancer recommends that people be physically active in everyday life and limit the time spent sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hilary Powers
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Annie S Anderson
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention & Screening, Level 7, Mailbox 7, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Scoccianti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Franco Berrino
- Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 1 via Venezian, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Cecchini
- Health Policy Analyst OECD, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wiseman
- World Cancer Research Fund International, Second Floor, 22 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3HH, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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139
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Asegaonkar SB, Asegaonkar BN, Takalkar UV, Advani S, Thorat AP. C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer: New Insights from Old Molecule. Int J Breast Cancer 2015; 2015:145647. [PMID: 26693355 PMCID: PMC4674617 DOI: 10.1155/2015/145647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently an association between breast cancer and inflammation has emerged as the seventh hallmark of cancer. Chronic inflammation is a key contributor in the development and progression of carcinogenesis. Inflammatory pathways play an important role in the causation of breast cancer. C-reactive protein (CRP) an acute-phase reactant inflammatory protein is synthesized in hepatocytes in response to cytokines that are released from leucocytes within the tumor microenvironment. Several epidemiological studies appraised an association of CRP with breast cancer risk with inconsistent findings. Elevated levels at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer indicate aggressiveness of the tumor. CRP is also a well-established independent prognostic marker. Breast cancer survivors with the state of chronic inflammation are at risk of recurrence and metabolic disturbances. CRP lowering agents along with chemotherapeutic drugs will improve the survival of breast cancer patients. Also, it is a risk predictor for subsequent cardiotoxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy. The present review is aimed at elucidating the role of C-reactive protein, as an inflammatory risk marker and prognostic predictor of breast cancer. It also focuses on conflicting views on the role of CRP in breast cancer and its impact on therapeutic interventions.
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140
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Kluzek S, Sanchez-Santos MT, Leyland KM, Judge A, Spector TD, Hart D, Cooper C, Newton J, Arden NK. Painful knee but not hand osteoarthritis is an independent predictor of mortality over 23 years follow-up of a population-based cohort of middle-aged women. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1749-56. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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141
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Song M, Mehta RS, Wu K, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT. Plasma Inflammatory Markers and Risk of Advanced Colorectal Adenoma in Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 9:27-34. [PMID: 26511487 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence remains inconclusive about the association of systemic inflammatory markers with colorectal neoplasia. We investigated whether circulating inflammatory markers were associated with risk of advanced colorectal adenoma. We measured plasma macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), and soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR-2) in blood samples drawn from 32,826 women in 1989 to 1990 in the Nurses' Health Study. Through 2008, we documented 757 cases of advanced colorectal adenomas (≥1 cm or any size with advanced histology); each case was matched by age and time of blood draw with one control randomly selected from participants who underwent lower endoscopy and did not have neoplasia. Plasma MIC-1 was associated with higher risk of advanced adenoma (Ptrend = 0.04), with an OR of 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.32) comparing extreme quintiles of MIC-1 after adjusting for colorectal cancer-risk factors and other inflammatory markers. Among cases, MIC-1 level was positively associated with the number of adenomas (P < 0.001) and gradually increased from adenomas located in the rectum, distal colon, and up to the proximal colon. There was a strong positive association between MIC-1 and risk of adenomas with multiplicity, ≥1 cm size and location in the proximal colon (all Ptrend < 0.05). CRP, IL6, or sTNFR-2 was not associated with adenoma risk. In conclusion, plasma MIC-1 was associated with higher risk of colorectal adenoma, especially multiple, large, and proximal adenomas. Our results provide further support for a role for MIC-1 in carcinogenesis and the potential for MIC-1 as an adjunctive biomarker for detection of advanced colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raaj S Mehta
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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142
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Izano M, Wei EK, Tai C, Swede H, Gregorich S, Harris TB, Klepin H, Satterfield S, Murphy R, Newman AB, Rubin SM, Braithwaite D. Chronic inflammation and risk of colorectal and other obesity-related cancers: The health, aging and body composition study. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1118-28. [PMID: 26413860 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the association between chronic inflammation and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other obesity-related cancers (OBRC) remains inconsistent, possibly due to a paucity of studies examining repeated measures of inflammation. In the Health ABC prospective study of 2,490 adults aged 70-79 years at baseline, we assessed whether circulating levels of three markers of systemic inflammation, IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, were associated with the risk of CRC and OBRC, a cluster including cancers of pancreas, prostate, breast and endometrium. Inflammatory markers were measured in stored fasting blood samples. While only baseline measures of TNF-α were available, IL-6 and CRP were additionally measured at Years 2, 4, 6 and 8. Multivariable Cox models were fit to determine whether tertiles and log-transformed baseline, updated and averaged measures of CRP and IL-6 and baseline measures of TNF-α were associated with the risk of incident cancer(s). During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, we observed 55 and 172 cases of CRC and OBRC, respectively. The hazard of CRC in the highest tertile of updated CRP was more than double that in the lowest tertile (HR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.08-4.86). No significant associations were seen between colorectal cancer and IL-6 or TNF-α. Additionally, no significant associations were found between obesity-related cancers and the three inflammatory markers overall, but we observed a suggestion of effect modification by BMI and NSAID use. In summary, in this population, higher CRP levels were associated with increased risk of CRC, but not of OBRC. The findings provide new evidence that chronically elevated levels of CRP, as reflected by repeated measures of this marker, may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Izano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Esther K Wei
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Caroline Tai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Helen Swede
- Department of Community Medicine & Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Steven Gregorich
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Heidi Klepin
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Rachel Murphy
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PN
| | - Susan M Rubin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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143
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Household physical activity and cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14901. [PMID: 26443426 PMCID: PMC4595663 DOI: 10.1038/srep14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversial results of the association between household physical activity and cancer risk were reported among previous epidemiological studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship of household physical activity and cancer risk quantitatively, especially in dose-response manner. PubMed, Embase, Web of science and the Cochrane Library were searched for cohort or case-control studies that examined the association between household physical activity and cancer risks. Random–effect models were conducted to estimate the summary relative risks (RRs), nonlinear or linear dose–response meta-analyses were performed to estimate the trend from the correlated log RR estimates across levels of household physical activity quantitatively. Totally, 30 studies including 41 comparisons met the inclusion criteria. Total cancer risks were reduced 16% among the people with highest household physical activity compared to those with lowest household physical activity (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76–0.93). The dose-response analyses indicated an inverse linear association between household physical activity and cancer risk. The relative risk was 0.98 (95% CI = 0.97–1.00) for per additional 10 MET-hours/week and it was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.98–0.99) for per 1 hour/week increase. These findings provide quantitative data supporting household physical activity is associated with decreased cancer risk in dose-response effect.
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144
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Raffetti E, Donato F, Castelli F, Maggiolo F, Carosi G, Quiros-Roldan E. The predictive role of NLR and PLR for solid non-AIDS defining cancer incidence in HIV-infected subjects: a MASTER cohort study. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:34. [PMID: 26442127 PMCID: PMC4593208 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), two low cost, routinely available inflammatory indices, have been found to be associated with risk of death in patients with solid cancer, in both general population and HIV-positive subjects. However, no study investigated the role of NLR and PLR as predictive of cancer incidence so far. Methods The aim of our study was to assess the association of PLR and NLR with risk of developing solid non-AIDS defining cancer (NADC) in HIV-infected subjects. We conducted a multicenter Italian cohort study from 2000 to 2012 including HIV-infected subjects naïve at antiretroviral treatment at enrollment. The associations of NLR and PLR with NADC incidence were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses using both time independent and time dependent Cox proportional hazard models. Results Thirteen thousand five hundred fifty-nine patients (73.3 % males) with a mean age of 36.0 years (SD 10.0) were included. The median (inter-quartile range) of NLR and PLR at baseline were 1.47 (1.03–2.17) and 109.9 (79.6–155.3), respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.9 years, 337 subjects had a first diagnosis of solid NADC. The crude and age- and gender-standardized incidence rates were 3.57 and 3.91 per 1000 person-years, respectively. No statistically significant association was found between NLR and PLR and NADC incidence, using multivariate models, including also time-dependent Cox models with a cubic-spline for NLR and PLR. Conclusion This study does not sustain the hypothesis that NRL and PLR may be useful for predicting the risk of cancer in HIV positive subjects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-015-0032-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Maggiolo
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Carosi
- Fondazione Malattie Infettive e Salute Internazionale, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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145
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Barbour KE, Lui LY, Nevitt MC, Murphy LB, Helmick CG, Theis KA, Hochberg MC, Lane NE, Hootman JM, Cauley JA. Hip Osteoarthritis and the Risk of All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality in Older Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1798-805. [PMID: 25778744 DOI: 10.1002/art.39113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality among older women with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and to identify mediators in the causal pathway. METHODS Data were from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a US population-based cohort study of 9,704 white women age ≥65 years. The analytic sample included women with hip radiographs at baseline (n = 7,889) and year 8 (n = 5,749). Mortality was confirmed through October 2013 by death certificates and hospital discharge summaries. Radiographic hip OA (RHOA) was defined as a Croft grade of ≥2 in at least 1 hip (definite joint space narrowing or osteophytes plus 1 other radiographic feature). RESULTS The mean ± SD followup time was 16.1 ± 6.2 years. The baseline and year 8 prevalence of RHOA were 8.0% and 11.0%, respectively. The cumulative incidence (proportion of deaths during the study period) was 67.7% for all-cause mortality, 26.3% for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, 11.7% for cancer mortality, 1.9% for gastrointestinal disease mortality, and 27.8% for all other mortality causes. RHOA was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.05-1.24]) and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.24 [95% confidence interval 1.09-1.41]) adjusted for age, body mass index, education, smoking, health status, diabetes, and stroke. These associations were partially explained by the mediating variable of physical function. CONCLUSION RHOA was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among older white women followed up for 16 years. Dissemination of evidence-based physical activity and self-management interventions for hip OA in community and clinical settings can improve physical function and might also contribute to lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy E Lane
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento
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146
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Sokolov M, Angelov K, Vasileva M, Atanasova MP, Vlahova A, Todorov G. Clinical and prognostic significance of pathological and inflammatory markers in the surgical treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2329-37. [PMID: 26366089 PMCID: PMC4562718 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s82958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) may vary in its clinical and pathological appearance. It is now accepted that progression of disease in patients with locally advanced CRC is determined not only by local tumor characteristics but also by the immune system and inflammatory response in the body. Methods We investigated patients with confirmed CRC who were treated in the surgical clinic at the University Hospital Alexandrovska over a 10-year period and retrospectively evaluated the histological features of the preoperative biopsies and operative specimens removed during radical multivisceral resections. We also collected prospective data for serum C-reactive protein levels and Jass-Klintrup score, Petersen Index score, and Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with locally advanced CRC. Results Of 1,105 patients with CRC, 327 (29.6%) were diagnosed with locally advanced disease. In total, 108 combined multivisceral resections (79 for primary tumors and 29 for recurrent tumors) were performed. Overall survival was 34 months for pR0 cases and 12 months for pR1 cases (P<0.05). Our data confirmed that C-reactive protein is a prognostic marker of overall survival. Data for 48 patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced tumors showed significantly increased survival with a higher Jass-Klintrup score (P=0.037). In patients with node-negative disease, 5-year survival was 49%. However, where there were high-risk pathological characteristics according to the Petersen Index, survival was similar to that for node-positive disease (P=0.702). Our data also showed a significant difference in survival between groups divided according to whether they had a modified Glasgow Prognostic Score of 1 or 2 (P=0.031). Conclusion In order to maintain a reasonable balance between an aggressive approach and so-called meaningless “surgical exorbitance”, we should focus on certain histopathological and inflammatory markers that can be identified as additional factors for planning the type and volume of surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sokolov
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K Angelov
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Vasileva
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M P Atanasova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Vlahova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G Todorov
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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147
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Bittoni MA, Focht BC, Clinton SK, Buckworth J, Harris RE. Prospective evaluation of C-reactive protein, smoking and lung cancer death in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1537-44. [PMID: 26323323 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Few prospective studies have examined associations between lung cancer, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a measure of systemic inflammation, and inflammatory lifestyle factors, such as smoking and obesity. This study prospectively examined the relationship between CRP and lung cancer death and its interrelationships with several lifestyle factors. Baseline data on smoking and other lifestyle variables were collected for 8,950 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III: 1988-1994). Baseline CRP levels were measured in serum samples by nephelometry. Mortality status was ascertained through probabilistic record matching using the National Death Index through 2006. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CRP and lung cancer death, with adjustment for smoking and other variables. During 18 years of follow-up, 219 individuals died from lung cancer. Multivariate regression models revealed a dose-response effect for elevated CRP and risk of lung cancer death when adjusting for age, gender, BMI and smoking. Compared to individuals with CRP <3 mg/l, lung cancer death was significantly associated with elevated levels of CRP: HR=1.63 (95% CI=1.15-2.26) for 3-7 mg/l and HR=2.44 (95% CI=1.81‑3.45) for CRP >7 mg/l, P-trend <0.0001). The risk of lung cancer death for smokers increased 9-fold in adjusted models (P<0.0001). When stratified by gender and smoking status the effects of CRP were similar for smokers and males but did not reach statistical significance for females and non-smokers. This study supports a dose-dependent relationship between lung cancer death and CRP for males and smokers, but additional efforts are needed to better elucidate these relationships in women and non-smokers. The results suggest that CRP may emerge as a valuable tool in identifying high-risk subgroups of smokers for lung cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Bittoni
- Department of Human Sciences/Kinesiology, The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian C Focht
- Department of Human Sciences/Kinesiology, The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janet Buckworth
- Department of Human Sciences/Kinesiology, The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Randall E Harris
- Division of Epidemiology, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
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148
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Davenport JR, Cai Q, Ness RM, Milne G, Zhao Z, Smalley WE, Zheng W, Shrubsole MJ. Evaluation of pro-inflammatory markers plasma C-reactive protein and urinary prostaglandin-E2 metabolite in colorectal adenoma risk. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1251-61. [PMID: 26333108 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pro-inflammatory protein with potential as a biomarker in predicting colon cancer risk. However, little is known regarding its association with risk of colorectal adenomas, particularly by subtypes. We conducted a colonoscopy-based matched case-control study to assess whether elevated plasma CRP levels may be associated with colorectal adenoma risk and further whether this association may be modified by urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M), a biomarker of systemic prostaglandin E2 production. Included in the study were 226 cases with a single small tubular adenoma, 198 cases with multiple small tubular adenomas, 283 cases with at least one advanced adenoma, and 395 polyp-free controls. No apparent association between CRP level and risk of single small tubular adenomas was found (ptrend = 0.59). A dose-response relationship with CRP level was observed for risk of either multiple small tubular adenomas (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.10-3.68 for the highest versus lowest tertile comparison; ptrend = 0.03) or advanced adenomas (OR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.10-2.96 for the highest versus lowest tertile comparison; ptrend = 0.02). In a joint analysis of CRP level and PGE-M, risk of multiple or advanced adenoma was greatest among those with highest levels of both CRP and PGE-M in comparison to those with low CRP and low PGE-M (OR = 3.72, 95%CI = 1.49-9.72). Our results suggest that elevated CRP, particularly in the context of concurrent elevated PGE-M, may be a biomarker of multiple or advanced adenoma risk in a screening age population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Davenport
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Gastroenterology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Gastroenterology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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149
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Chan DS, Bandera EV, Greenwood DC, Norat T. Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Risk—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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150
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Kakourou A, Koutsioumpa C, Lopez DS, Hoffman-Bolton J, Bradwin G, Rifai N, Helzlsouer KJ, Platz EA, Tsilidis KK. Interleukin-6 and risk of colorectal cancer: results from the CLUE II cohort and a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control 2015. [PMID: 26220152 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between prediagnostic interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer was evaluated in a nested case-control study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies. METHODS Colorectal cancer cases (n = 173) and matched controls (n = 345) were identified between 1989 and 2000 among participants in the CLUE II cohort of Washington Country, Maryland. Matched odds ratios and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Participants in the highest third of plasma IL-6 concentration had a 2.48 times higher risk of colon cancer compared to participants in the bottom third (95 % CI 1.26-4.87; p-trend 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. This association did not differ according to the stage of disease, age, sex, or other potential modifying variables and remained statistically significant after adjustment for C-reactive protein concentrations. No statistically significant association was observed for rectal cancer risk. The meta-analysis of six prospective studies yielded an increased but borderline statistically significant risk of colon cancer per 1 U increase in naturally logarithm-transformed IL-6 (summary RR 1.22; 95 % CI 1.00-1.49; I (2) 46 %). An inverse association was noted for rectal cancer (RR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.54-0.88; I (2) 0 %), but there was evidence for small-study effects (p 0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings provide support for a modest positive association between IL-6 concentrations and colon cancer risk. More work is needed to determine whether IL-6 is a valid marker of colorectal inflammation and whether such inflammation contributes to colon and rectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemisia Kakourou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Stavros Niarchos Av., University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Charalampia Koutsioumpa
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Stavros Niarchos Av., University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David S Lopez
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Urology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD, USA
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nader Rifai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Stavros Niarchos Av., University Campus, Ioannina, Greece. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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