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Rose JA, Wanner N, Cheong HI, Queisser K, Barrett P, Park M, Hite C, Naga Prasad SV, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Flow Cytometric Quantification of Peripheral Blood Cell β-Adrenergic Receptor Density and Urinary Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156940. [PMID: 27270458 PMCID: PMC4896479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by severe angiogenic remodeling of the pulmonary artery wall and right ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, there is an increasing need for novel biomarkers to dissect disease heterogeneity, and predict treatment response. Although β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) dysfunction is well documented in left heart disease while endothelial cell-derived microparticles (Ec-MPs) are established biomarkers of angiogenic remodeling, methods for easy large clinical cohort analysis of these biomarkers are currently absent. Here we describe flow cytometric methods for quantification of βAR density on circulating white blood cells (WBC) and Ec-MPs in urine samples that can be used as potential biomarkers of right heart failure in PAH. Biotinylated β-blocker alprenolol was synthesized and validated as a βAR specific probe that was combined with immunophenotyping to quantify βAR density in circulating WBC subsets. Ec-MPs obtained from urine samples were stained for annexin-V and CD144, and analyzed by a micro flow cytometer. Flow cytometric detection of alprenolol showed that βAR density was decreased in most WBC subsets in PAH samples compared to healthy controls. Ec-MPs in urine was increased in PAH compared to controls. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between Ec-MPs and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in PAH patients. Therefore, flow cytometric quantification of peripheral blood cell βAR density and urinary Ec-MPs may be useful as potential biomarkers of right ventricular function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Rose
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hoi I. Cheong
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Queisser
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick Barrett
- Flow Cytometry Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Margaret Park
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Corrine Hite
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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102
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Childhood obesity-related endothelial dysfunction: an update on pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic advancements. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:831-7. [PMID: 26866906 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity jeopardizes a healthy future for our society's children as it is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality later on in life. Endothelial dysfunction, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis, is already present in obese children and may well represent a targetable risk factor. Technological advancements in recent years have facilitated noninvasive measurements of endothelial homeostasis in children. Thereby this topic ultimately starts to get the attention it deserves. In this paper, we aim to summarize the latest insights on endothelial dysfunction in childhood obesity. We discuss methodological advancements in peripheral endothelial function measurement and newly identified diagnostic markers of vascular homeostasis. Finally, future challenges and perspectives are set forth on how to efficiently tackle the catastrophic rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that will be inflicted on obese children if they are not treated optimally.
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Voudoukis E, Vetsika EK, Giannakopoulou K, Karmiris K, Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Georgoulias V, Paspatis GA, Koutroubakis IE. Distinct features of circulating microparticles and their relationship with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:180-7. [PMID: 27065731 PMCID: PMC4805738 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that circulating microparticles (MPs) and annexin (+) platelet-derived MPs (PDMPs) are increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of our study was to characterize the abundance, origin, and annexin V binding of MPs in patients with IBD and correlate them with the disease characteristics. Methods Case-control study of 46 IBD patients (23 Crohn’s disease, 23 ulcerative colitis) and 40 matched healthy controls (HC). MPs were divided according to annexin V binding, their origin was estimated based on specific cell membrane markers in plasma samples and their number was calculated via flow cytometry. Clinical and laboratory activity indices were also analyzed. Results Annexin (-) PDMPs (P=0.0004), total (P=0.04) and annexin (+) monocyte-derived MPs (P=0.02) were increased and annexin (-) total MPs (P=0.0007) were decreased in IBD patients compared to HC. The annexin (+)/(-) ratio of all MP types were significantly elevated in IBD patients compared to HC (P<0.003). IBD patients with active disease displayed elevated total and annexin (+) total MPs, total, annexin (+) and (-) PDMPs compared with those in remission (P<0.05). Annexin (-) PDMPs were considerably increased in IBD patients with active compared to those with inactive disease (P=0.0013). Total and annexin (-) PDMPs were significantly correlated with most of the disease activity indices (P<0.05). Conclusion The majority of circulating MPs, their counterparts and particularly annexin (-) PDMPs are increased in active IBD patients. Annexin (+)/(-) ratio proved to be the most reliable distinctive MP index between HC and IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Voudoukis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelion General Hospital (Evangelos Voudoukis, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Konstantinos Karmiris, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Gregorios A. Paspatis), Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni-Kyriaki Vetsika
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete (Eleni-Kyriaki Vetsika, Vassilis Georgoulias), Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina Giannakopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelion General Hospital (Evangelos Voudoukis, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Konstantinos Karmiris, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Gregorios A. Paspatis), Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karmiris
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelion General Hospital (Evangelos Voudoukis, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Konstantinos Karmiris, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Gregorios A. Paspatis), Crete, Greece
| | - Angeliki Theodoropoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelion General Hospital (Evangelos Voudoukis, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Konstantinos Karmiris, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Gregorios A. Paspatis), Crete, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete (Eleni-Kyriaki Vetsika, Vassilis Georgoulias), Crete, Greece
| | - Gregorios A Paspatis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelion General Hospital (Evangelos Voudoukis, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Konstantinos Karmiris, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Gregorios A. Paspatis), Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Heraklion (Ioannis E. Koutroubakis), Crete, Greece
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Petrini S, Neri T, Lombardi S, Cordazzo C, Balìa C, Scalise V, Paggiaro P, Pedrinelli R, Celi A. Leptin induces the generation of procoagulant, tissue factor bearing microparticles by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1354-61. [PMID: 27015759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to increased thrombotic risk. Circulating leptin concentration correlates with body mass index. Microparticles are small (.05-1 μm) vesicles shed by activated and apoptotic cells, involved in numerous pathophysiologically relevant phenomena including blood coagulation and thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that leptin induces the shedding of procoagulant, tissue factor bearing microparticles by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and investigated the intracellular mechanisms leading to microparticle release upon incubation with leptin. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors. Cells were incubated with leptin in the presence or in the absence of a phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122, a calmodulin inhibitor, W-7, and three inhibitors of mitogen activated protein kinases. Microparticle generation was assessed as phosphatidylserine concentration with a prothrombinase assay and by cytofluorimetric analysis. Tissue factor expression on microparticles was measured with a one-stage clotting assay. Intracellular calcium concentration was assessed by a fluorescent probe. RESULTS Leptin increased intracellular calcium mobilization and stimulated the generation of tissue factor-bearing MP by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as assessed by phosphatidylserine quantification, clotting tests and flow-cytometry. U73122, PD98059 (an extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 inhibitor), and W-7, significantly inhibited leptin-induced MP release. SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), and SP600125 (a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor) had no effect. CONCLUSION Leptin-induced generation of procoagulant microparticles might represent a link between obesity and atherothrombotic risk. Inhibition of leptin-induced microparticle generation might prove a viable strategy for the reduction of such risk in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Petrini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Neri
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Lombardi
- SSD Analisi ChimicoCliniche ed ImmunoAllergologia, USL 1, Massa e Carrara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cordazzo
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Balìa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Scalise
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
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105
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Andrews AM, Lutton EM, Merkel SF, Razmpour R, Ramirez SH. Mechanical Injury Induces Brain Endothelial-Derived Microvesicle Release: Implications for Cerebral Vascular Injury during Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:43. [PMID: 26973460 PMCID: PMC4770030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the endothelium responds to mechanical forces induced by changes in shear stress and strain. However, our understanding of vascular remodeling following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains incomplete. Recently published studies have revealed that lung and umbilical endothelial cells produce extracellular microvesicles (eMVs), such as microparticles, in response to changes in mechanical forces (blood flow and mechanical injury). Yet, to date, no studies have shown whether brain endothelial cells produce eMVs following TBI. The brain endothelium is highly specialized and forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which regulates diffusion and transport of solutes into the brain. This specialization is largely due to the presence of tight junction proteins (TJPs) between neighboring endothelial cells. Following TBI, a breakdown in tight junction complexes at the BBB leads to increased permeability, which greatly contributes to the secondary phase of injury. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that brain endothelium responds to mechanical injury, by producing eMVs that contain brain endothelial proteins, specifically TJPs. In our study, primary human adult brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) were subjected to rapid mechanical injury to simulate the abrupt endothelial disruption that can occur in the primary injury phase of TBI. eMVs were isolated from the media following injury at 2, 6, 24, and 48 h. Western blot analysis of eMVs demonstrated a time-dependent increase in TJP occludin, PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 following mechanical injury. In addition, activation of ARF6, a small GTPase linked to extracellular vesicle production, was increased after injury. To confirm these results in vivo, mice were subjected to sham surgery or TBI and blood plasma was collected 24 h post-injury. Isolation and analysis of eMVs from blood plasma using cryo-EM and flow cytometry revealed elevated levels of vesicles containing occludin following brain trauma. These results indicate that following TBI, the cerebral endothelium undergoes vascular remodeling through shedding of eMVs containing TJPs and endothelial markers. The detection of this shedding potentially allows for a novel methodology for real-time monitoring of cerebral vascular health (remodeling), BBB status and neuroinflammation following a TBI event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan M Lutton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven F Merkel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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106
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Andrews AM, Rizzo V. Microparticle-Induced Activation of the Vascular Endothelium Requires Caveolin-1/Caveolae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149272. [PMID: 26891050 PMCID: PMC4758735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane fragments shed from normal as well as activated, apoptotic or injured cells. Emerging evidence implicates MPs as a causal and/or contributing factor in altering normal vascular cell phenotype through initiation of proinflammatory signal transduction events and paracrine delivery of proteins, mRNA and miRNA. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which MPs influence these events. Caveolae are important membrane microdomains that function as centers of signal transduction and endocytosis. Here, we tested the concept that the MP-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype shift in endothelial cells (ECs) depends on caveolae. Consistent with previous reports, MP challenge activated ECs as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 upregulation was mediated by activation of NF-κB, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This response was absent in ECs lacking caveolin-1/caveolae. To test whether caveolae-mediated endocytosis, a dynamin-2 dependent process, is a feature of the proinflammatory response, EC’s were pretreated with the dynamin-2 inhibitor dynasore. Similar to observations in cells lacking caveolin-1, inhibition of endocytosis significantly attenuated MPs effects including, EGFR phosphorylation, activation of NF-κB and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Thus, our results indicate that caveolae play a role in mediating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways which lead to EC activation in response to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Andrews
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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107
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Gkaliagkousi E, Gavriilaki E, Triantafyllou A, Douma S. Clinical Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 17:85. [PMID: 26371063 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is recognized as a major determinant of vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Over the last few decades, a plethora of studies have implicated endothelial dysfunction in the progression of atherosclerosis and the subclinical target organ damage observed in essential hypertension. However, the clinical significance of diagnosing endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension remains under investigation. Although a number of vascular and non-vascular markers of endothelial dysfunction have been proposed, there is an ongoing quest for a marker in the clinical setting that is optimal, inexpensive, and reproducible. In addition, endothelial dysfunction emerges as a promising therapeutic target of agents that are readily available in clinical practice. In this context, a better understanding of its role in essential hypertension becomes of great importance. Here, we aim to investigate the clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension by accumulating novel data on (a) early diagnosis using robust markers with prognostic value in cardiovascular risk prediction, (b) the association of endothelial dysfunction with subclinical vascular organ damage, and (c) potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece
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108
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Kanada M, Bachmann MH, Contag CH. Signaling by Extracellular Vesicles Advances Cancer Hallmarks. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The Impact of Lipoprotein-Associated Oxidative Stress on Cell-Specific Microvesicle Release in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2492858. [PMID: 26925191 PMCID: PMC4748106 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2492858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Microvesicles (MVs) are small cell-derived particles shed upon activation. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) particularly when associated with Achilles tendon xanthomas (ATX) predisposes to atherosclerosis, possibly through oxLDL-C interaction with the CD36 receptor. To investigate the hypothesis that MVs derived from cells involved in atherosclerosis are increased in FH and that CD36 expressing MVs (CD36+ MVs) may be markers of oxLDL-C-induced cell activation, cell-specific MVs were measured in FH patients with and without ATX and their association with atherogenic lipid profile was studied. Approach and Results. Thirty FH patients with and without ATX and twenty-three controls were included. Plasma concentrations of MVs and CD36+ MVs derived from platelets (PMVs), erythrocytes (ErytMVs), monocytes (MMVs), and endothelial cells (EMVs), as well as tissue factor-positive cells (TF+ MVs), were measured by flow cytometry. Total MVs, MMVs, EMVs, ErytMVs, and TF+ MVs were significantly increased in FH patients, compared to controls. CD36+ MVs derived from endothelial cells and monocytes were significantly higher in FH patients and oxLDL-C predicted all the investigated cell-specific CD36+ MVs in FH patients with ATX. Conclusions. MVs derived from cells involved in atherosclerosis were increased in FH and may contribute to elevated atherothrombosis risk. The increased cell-specific CD36+ MVs observed in FH may represent markers of oxLDL-C-induced cell activation.
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Ousmaal MEF, Martínez MC, Andriantsitohaina R, Chabane K, Gaceb A, Mameri S, Giaimis J, Baz A. Increased monocyte/neutrophil and pro-coagulant microparticle levels and overexpression of aortic endothelial caveolin-1β in dyslipidemic sand rat, Psammomys obesus. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:21-9. [PMID: 26597597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the effects of a high-energy diet (HED) with those of a low-energy diet (LED) on biochemical parameters, microparticle (MP) subpopulations and endothelial caveolin-1 (cav-1) protein expression in Psammomys obesus (P. obesus). METHODS After 12weeks of feeding with either the HED or LED, fasting plasma glucose and lipid parameters were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric kit while serum insulin concentration was determined with radioimmunoassay kits. MP subpopulations and cav-1 protein expression were quantified using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS We observed that the HED caused a marked increase in lipid parameters, even in normoglycemic P. obesus. The total number of circulating MPs and the numbers of platelet-, leukocyte-, and erythrocyte-derived MPs were unaltered in the HED group. However, the HED induced increases in the numbers of monocytes/neutrophils and procoagulant MPs and a decrease in the endothelial MP levels. Cav-1β protein expression and reactive oxygen species production were increased in the vascular endothelium of HED-treated P. obesus. CONCLUSION From these findings, it is indicated that the HED exerts deleterious effects on the vascular system by increasing the monocyte/neutrophil and procoagulant MP levels, which may lead to cav-1β protein overexpression in dyslipidemic P. obesus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fadel Ousmaal
- Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- INSERM U1063- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, France.
| | | | - Kahina Chabane
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- INSERM U1063- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, France.
| | - Saâdia Mameri
- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Jean Giaimis
- UMR Qualisud- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ahsene Baz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.
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Yamamoto S, Azuma E, Muramatsu M, Hamashima T, Ishii Y, Sasahara M. Significance of Extracellular Vesicles: Pathobiological Roles in Disease. Cell Struct Funct 2016; 41:137-143. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Erika Azuma
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
- Department of Technology Development, Toyama Technology Center, Astellas Pharma Tech Co., Ltd
| | | | - Takeru Hamashima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoko Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Bank IEM, Timmers L, Gijsberts CM, Zhang YN, Mosterd A, Wang JW, Chan MY, De Hoog V, Lim SK, Sze SK, Lam CSP, De Kleijn DPV. The diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1577-88. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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113
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Hajj-Ali RA, Major J, Langford CA, Hoffman GS, Clark T, Zhang L, Sun Z, Silverstein RL. The interface of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): a preliminary study. Transl Res 2015; 166:366-74. [PMID: 26024800 PMCID: PMC4862201 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between inflammatory disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener's) and the development of subclinical atherosclerosis. A total of 46 adult patients with GPA were enrolled. Disease status was measured by Birmingham vasculitis assessment scores as modified for GPA, vasculitis damage index, disease duration, and number of relapses. Classic atherosclerotic risk factors, platelet aggregation responses, and circulating microparticle (MP) levels were recorded. All patients underwent carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement as outcome for subclinical atherosclerosis. In univariate analyses, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, and age were significantly associated with higher IMT (ρ values 0.37, 0.38, 0.35, and 0.054, respectively [P < 0.02 for all]). In a multiple regression model, greater number of relapses, older age at the onset of disease, and higher diastolic blood pressure were found to be associated with higher IMT (P values 0.003, <0.001, and 0.031, respectively). MP counts and platelet reactivity correlated well with disease activity in GPA. Furthermore, MPs were found to activate vascular endothelial cells and platelets in vitro. The cumulative burden of systemic inflammation in GPA correlated with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis. The correlation with subclinical atherosclerosis could be because of glucocorticoid use and not the inflammatory process in GPA, giving the inherent bias that exits with the use of glucocorticoid with each relapse. The findings of increased levels of circulating leukocyte-derived MPs and enhanced platelet reactivity during relapse suggest possible roles for MPs and platelets in disease pathogenesis and support a growing literature that links inflammation, atherosclerosis, and platelet activation. This hypothesis is further substantiated by our demonstration that MPs isolated from plasma of GPA patients can activate platelets and vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RA Hajj-Ali
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, 44195. USA
| | - J Major
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, 44195. USA
| | - CA Langford
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, 44195. USA
| | - GS Hoffman
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, 44195. USA
| | - T Clark
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, 44195. USA
| | - L Zhang
- University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 6614, UCSF Box 0981 San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Z Sun
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, 44195. USA
| | - RL Silverstein
- Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53226
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114
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Vinayagam V, Bobby Z, Habeebullah S, Chaturvedula L, Bharadwaj SK. Plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a pilot study in a South Indian population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2077-82. [PMID: 26333286 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1075200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction: VonWillebrand factor (vWF), Platelet derived microparticles (PMPs), and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in various types of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and correlate with the pregnancy outcome. METHODS Plasma levels of vWF, PMPs and ET-1 were analyzed by ELISA kits in gestational hypertension (GH), late onset preeclampsia (LOPE), early onset preeclampsia (EOPE), eclampsia (E) and control pregnant women (CPW) during third trimester. The gestational age at the time of delivery (GA) and birthweight (BW) of the baby also were measured. RESULTS The GA and the BW of the baby were found to be significantly lower in EOPE and eclampsia compared to CPW, GH and LOPE. The circulating levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction: vWF, PMPs and ET-1 were significantly higher in EOPE and Eclampsia compared to CPW, GH. Also a negative correlation was observed between vWF levels with pregnancy outcome; GA and BW. CONCLUSIONS A generalized endothelial dysfunction and poor birth outcomes were observed in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. There is a spectrum of biochemical derangements related to endothelial dysfunction in GH, EOPE, LOPE and E in that order.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S K Bharadwaj
- c Department of Neonatology , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry , India
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115
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Zhou BD, Guo G, Zheng LM, Zu LY, Gao W. Microparticles as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in coronary heart disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:267-72. [PMID: 25591573 PMCID: PMC4837849 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.149231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling-Yun Zu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Antwi-Baffour SS. Molecular characterisation of plasma membrane-derived vesicles. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:68. [PMID: 26259622 PMCID: PMC4532247 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane-derived vesicles (PMVs) are released into circulation in response to normal and stress/pathogenic conditions. They are of tremendous significance for the prediction, diagnosis, and observation of the therapeutic success of many diseases. Knowledge of their molecular characteristics and therefore functional properties would contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to various diseases in which their levels are raised. The review aims at outlining and discussing the molecular characteristics of PMVs in order to bring to the fore some aspects/characteristics of PMVs that will assist the scientific community to properly understand the role of PMVs in various physiological and pathological processes. The review covers PMVs characterisation and discusses how distinct they are from exosomes and endosomes. Also, methods of PMVs analysis, importance of proper PMV level estimation/characterisation, PMVs and their constituents as well as their therapeutic significance are discussed. The review concludes by drawing attention to the importance of further study into the functions of the characteristics discussed which will lead to understanding the general role of PMVs both in health and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Antwi-Baffour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143,, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
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Microparticles That Form Immune Complexes as Modulatory Structures in Autoimmune Responses. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:267590. [PMID: 26300590 PMCID: PMC4537755 DOI: 10.1155/2015/267590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are induced during apoptosis, cell activation, and even “spontaneous” release. Initially MPs were considered to be inert cellular products with no biological function. However, an extensive research and functional characterization have shown that the molecular composition and the effects of MPs depend upon the cellular background and the mechanism inducing them. They possess a wide spectrum of biological effects on intercellular communication by transferring different molecules able to modulate other cells. MPs interact with their target cells through different mechanisms: membrane fusion, macropinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, when MPs remain in the extracellular milieu, they undergo modifications such as citrullination, glycosylation, and partial proteolysis, among others, becoming a source of neoantigens. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), reports indicated elevated levels of MPs with different composition, content, and effects compared with those isolated from healthy individuals. MPs can also form immune complexes amplifying the proinflammatory response and tissue damage. Their early detection and characterization could facilitate an appropriate diagnosis optimizing the pharmacological strategies, in different diseases including cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. This review focuses on the current knowledge about MPs and their involvement in the immunopathogenesis of SLE and RA.
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118
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Extracellular vesicles as new pharmacological targets to treat atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:90-103. [PMID: 26142082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by most cell types, include apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes. They play a crucial role in physiology and pathology, contributing to "cell-to-cell" communication by modifying the phenotype and the function of target cells. Thus, extracellular vesicles participate in the key processes of atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction, vascular wall inflammation to vascular remodeling. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on extracellular vesicle formation, structure, release and clearance. We focus on the deleterious and beneficial effects of extracellular vesicles in the development of atherosclerosis. The potential role of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and pharmacological targets, their innate therapeutic capacity, or their use for novel drug delivery devices in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases will also be discussed.
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Minet V, Bailly N, Dogné JM, Mullier F. Platelet microparticle generation assay for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnosis: How should we express the results? Thromb Res 2015; 136:175-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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120
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Saleh HA, Kabeer BS. Microparticles: Biomarkers and effectors in the cardiovascular system. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2015. [DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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121
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Li H, Meng X, Liang X, Gao Y, Cai S. Administration of microparticles from blood of the lipopolysaccharide-treated rats serves to induce pathologic changes of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1735-41. [PMID: 26088862 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215591830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of intratracheal and intravenous administration of microparticles (MPs) on developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The blood MPs from lipopolysaccharide-treated rats were collected and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cellular source of the MPs was identified by fluorescent-labeled antibodies after the circulating MPs were delivered to naïve rats. Levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 productions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma were determined 24 h after the rats received intratracheal and intravenous administration of the MPs. Histopathologic examination of lungs was performed by light microscope. A TEM image of MPs showed spherical particles at a variable diameter from 0.1 to 0.5 µm. Endothelial- and leukocyte-derived vesicles were abundant in the investigated samples. Treatment with MPs may lead to significant increases in MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 productions in BALF and plasma of the rats (all P < 0.001). Morphological observation indicated that alveolar structures were destroyed with a large amount of neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of the MP-treated rats. Perivascular and/or intra-alveolar hemorrhage were serious and hyaline membrane formed in the alveoli. Intratracheal and intravenous approaches to delivery of the circulating MPs to naïve recipient rats may induce ARDS. This presents an inducer of the onset of ARDS and provides potential therapeutic targets for attenuating lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Special Inpatient Unit, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Special Inpatient Unit, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Special Inpatient Unit, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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122
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Orbe J, Alexandru N, Roncal C, Belzunce M, Bibiot P, Rodriguez JA, Meijers JCM, Georgescu A, Paramo JA. Lack of TAFI increases brain damage and microparticle generation after thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke. Thromb Res 2015; 136:445-50. [PMID: 26118976 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) plays an important role in coagulation and fibrinolysis. Whereas TAFI deficiency may lead to a haemorrhagic tendency, data from TAFI knockout mice (TAFI-/-) are controversial and no differences have been reported in these animals after ischemic stroke. There are also no data regarding the role of circulating microparticles (MPs) in TAFI-/-. OBJECTIVES to examine the effect of tPA on the rate of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and on MPs generated in a model of ischemic stroke in TAFI-/- mice. METHODS Thrombin was injected into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to analyse the effect of tPA (10mg/Kg) on the infarct size and haemorrhage in the absence of TAFI. Immunofluorescence for Fluoro-Jade C was performed on frozen brain slides to analyse neuronal degeneration after ischemia. MPs were isolated from mouse blood and their concentrations calculated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with saline, tPA significantly increased the infarct size in TAFI-/- mice (p<0.05). Although plasma fibrinolytic activity (fibrin plate assay) was higher in these animals, no macroscopic or microscopic ICH was detected. A positive signal for apoptosis and degenerating neurons was observed in the infarct area, being significantly higher in tPA treated TAFI-/- mice (p<0.05). Interestingly, higher numbers of MPs were found in TAFI-/- plasma as compared to wild type, after stroke (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS TAFI deficiency results in increased brain damage in a model of thrombolysis after ischemic stroke, which was not associated with bleeding but with neuronal degeneration and MP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Orbe
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - N Alexandru
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Belzunce
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Bibiot
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J A Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J C M Meijers
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Georgescu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - J A Paramo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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123
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Kim JS, Kim B, Lee H, Thakkar S, Babbitt DM, Eguchi S, Brown MD, Park JY. Shear stress-induced mitochondrial biogenesis decreases the release of microparticles from endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H425-33. [PMID: 26024684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00438.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The concept of enhancing structural integrity of mitochondria has emerged as a novel therapeutic option for cardiovascular disease. Flow-induced increase in laminar shear stress is a potent physiological stimulant associated with exercise, which exerts atheroprotective effects in the vasculature. However, the effect of laminar shear stress on mitochondrial remodeling within the vascular endothelium and its related functional consequences remain largely unknown. Using in vitro and in vivo complementary studies, here, we report that aerobic exercise alleviates the release of endothelial microparticles in prehypertensive individuals and that these salutary effects are, in part, mediated by shear stress-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Circulating levels of total (CD31(+)/CD42a(-)) and activated (CD62E(+)) microparticles released by endothelial cells were significantly decreased (∼40% for both) after a 6-mo supervised aerobic exercise training program in individuals with prehypertension. In cultured human endothelial cells, laminar shear stress reduced the release of endothelial microparticles, which was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis through a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-dependent mechanism. Resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, treatment showed similar effects. SIRT1 knockdown using small-interfering RNA completely abolished the protective effect of shear stress. Disruption of mitochondrial integrity by either antimycin A or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α small-interfering RNA significantly increased the number of total, and activated, released endothelial microparticles, and shear stress restored these back to basal levels. Collectively, these data demonstrate a critical role of endothelial mitochondrial integrity in preserving endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, prolonged laminar shear stress, which is systemically elevated during aerobic exercise in the vessel wall, mitigates endothelial dysfunction by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Boa Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Hojun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunny Thakkar
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dianne M Babbitt
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Michael D Brown
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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124
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Avoiding false positive antigen detection by flow cytometry on blood cell derived microparticles: the importance of an appropriate negative control. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127209. [PMID: 25978814 PMCID: PMC4433223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MPs), also called microvesicles (MVs) are plasma membrane-derived fragments with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 1μm. Characterization of these MPs is often performed by flow cytometry but there is no consensus on the appropriate negative control to use that can lead to false positive results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed MPs from platelets, B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells. Cells were purified by positive magnetic-separation and cultured for 48h. Cells and MPs were characterized using the following monoclonal antibodies (CD19,20 for B-cells, CD3,8,5,27 for T-cells, CD16,56 for NK-cells, CD14,11c for monocytes, CD41,61 for platelets). Isolated MPs were stained with annexin-V-FITC and gated between 300nm and 900nm. The latex bead technique was then performed for easy detection of MPs. Samples were analyzed by Transmission (TEM) and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Annexin-V positive events within a gate of 300-900nm were detected and defined as MPs. Our results confirmed that the characteristic antigens CD41/CD61 were found on platelet-derived-MPs validating our technique. However, for MPs derived from other cell types, we were unable to detect any antigen, although they were clearly expressed on the MP-producing cells in the contrary of several data published in the literature. Using the latex bead technique, we confirmed detection of CD41,61. However, the apparent expression of other antigens (already deemed positive in several studies) was determined to be false positive, indicated by negative controls (same labeling was used on MPs from different origins). CONCLUSION We observed that mother cell antigens were not always detected on corresponding MPs by direct flow cytometry or latex bead cytometry. Our data highlighted that false positive results could be generated due to antibody aspecificity and that phenotypic characterization of MPs is a difficult field requiring the use of several negative controls.
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125
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Letsiou E, Sammani S, Zhang W, Zhou T, Quijada H, Moreno-Vinasco L, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN. Pathologic mechanical stress and endotoxin exposure increases lung endothelial microparticle shedding. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:193-204. [PMID: 25029266 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0347oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) results from infectious challenges and from pathologic lung distention produced by excessive tidal volume delivered during mechanical ventilation (ventilator-induced lung injury [VILI]) and is characterized by extensive alveolar and vascular dysfunction. Identification of novel ALI therapies is hampered by the lack of effective ALI/VILI biomarkers. We explored endothelial cell (EC)-derived microparticles (EMPs) (0.1-1 μm) as potentially important markers and potential mediators of lung vascular injury in preclinical models of ALI and VILI. We characterized EMPs (annexin V and CD31 immunoreactivity) produced from human lung ECs exposed to physiologic or pathologic mechanical stress (5 or 18% cyclic stretch [CS]) or to endotoxin (LPS). EC exposure to 18% CS or to LPS resulted in increased EMP shedding compared with static cells (∼ 4-fold and ∼ 2.5-fold increases, respectively). Proteomic analysis revealed unique 18% CS-derived (n = 10) and LPS-derived EMP proteins (n = 43). VILI-challenged mice (40 ml/kg, 4 h) exhibited increased plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage CD62E (E-selectin)-positive MPs compared with control mice. Finally, mice receiving intratracheal instillation of 18% CS-derived EMPs displayed significant lung inflammation and injury. These findings indicate that ALI/VILI-producing stimuli induce significant shedding of distinct EMP populations that may serve as potential ALI biomarkers and contribute to the severity of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Letsiou
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine
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Miller VM, Lahr BD, Bailey KR, Heit JA, Harman SM, Jayachandran M. Longitudinal effects of menopausal hormone treatments on platelet characteristics and cell-derived microvesicles. Platelets 2015; 27:32-42. [PMID: 25856160 PMCID: PMC4732432 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1023273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activated platelets serve as a catalyst for thrombin generation and a source of vasoactive and mitogenic factors affecting vascular remodeling. Oral menopausal hormone treatments (MHT) may carry greater thrombotic risk than transdermal products. This study compared effects of oral and transdermal MHT on platelet characteristics, platelet proteins, and platelet-derived microvesicles (MV) in recently menopausal women. Platelets and MV were prepared from blood of a subset of women (n = 117) enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study prior to and after 48 months of treatment with either oral conjugated equine estrogen (0.45 mg/day), transdermal 17β-estradiol (50 µg/day), each with intermittent progesterone (200 mg/day for 12 days a month), or placebo pills and patch. Platelet count and expression of platelet P-selectin and fibrinogen receptors were similar across groups. An aggregate measure of 4-year change in vasoactive and mitogenic factors in platelet lysate, by principle component analysis, indicated significantly lower values in both MHT groups compared to placebo. Increases in numbers of tissue factor positive and platelet-derived MV were significantly greater in the transdermal compared to placebo group. MHT was associated with significantly reduced platelet content of vasoactive and mitogenic factors representing a potential mechanism by which MHT may affect vascular remodeling. Various hormonal compositions and doses of MHT could differentially regulate nuclear transcription in bone marrow megakaryocytes and non-genomic pathways in circulating platelets thus determining numbers and characteristics of circulating MV. Thrombotic risk associated with oral MHT most likely involves liver-derived inflammatory/coagulation proteins rather than circulating platelets per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Miller
- a Department of Surgery , College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA .,b Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Brian D Lahr
- c Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Kent R Bailey
- c Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA .,d Division of Epidemiology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - John A Heit
- e Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA , and
| | - S Mitchell Harman
- f Kronos Longevity Research Institute and Phoenix VA Health Care System , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- b Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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Boukouris S, Mathivanan S. Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:358-67. [PMID: 25684126 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state. As our understanding of diseases meliorates, it is generally accepted that early diagnosis renders the best chance to cure a disease. In the context of proteomics, the discovery phase of identifying bonafide biomarkers and the ensuing validation phase involving large cohort of patient samples are impeded by the complexity of bodily fluid samples. High abundant proteins found in blood plasma make it difficult for the detection of low abundant proteins that may be potential biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have reignited interest in the field of biomarker discovery. EVs contain a tissue-type signature wherein a rich cargo of proteins and RNA are selectively packaged. In addition, as EVs are membranous structures, the luminal contents are protected from degradation by extracellular proteases and are highly stable in storage conditions. Interestingly, an appealing feature of EV-based biomarker analysis is the significant reduction in the sample complexity compared to whole bodily fluids. With these prescribed attributes, which are the rate-limiting factors of traditional biomarker analysis, there is immense potential for the use of EVs for biomarker detection in clinical settings. This review will discuss the current issues with biomarker analysis and the potential use of EVs as reservoirs of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Boukouris
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yamamoto S, Niida S, Azuma E, Yanagibashi T, Muramatsu M, Huang TT, Sagara H, Higaki S, Ikutani M, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Miyazaki K, Hamashima T, Mori H, Matsuda N, Ishii Y, Sasahara M. Inflammation-induced endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the cellular status of pericytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8505. [PMID: 25687367 PMCID: PMC4330530 DOI: 10.1038/srep08505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging lines of evidence have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication by exporting encapsulated materials, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), to target cells. Endothelial cell-derived EVs (E-EVs) are upregulated in circulating blood in different pathological conditions; however, the characteristics and the role of these E-EVs are not yet well understood. In vitro studies were conducted to determine the role of inflammation-induced E-EVs in the cell-to-cell communication between vascular endothelial cells and pericytes/vSMCs. Stimulation with inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin immediately induced release of shedding type E-EVs from the vascular endothelial cells, and flow cytometry showed that the induction was dose dependent. MiRNA array analyses revealed that group of miRNAs were specifically increased in the inflammation-induced E-EVs. E-EVs added to the culture media of cerebrovascular pericytes were incorporated into the cells. The E-EV-supplemented cells showed highly induced mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-B, which was assumed to be a downstream target of the miRNA that was increased within the E-EVs after inflammatory stimulation. The results suggest that E-EVs mediate inflammation-induced endothelial cell-pericyte/vSMC communication, and the miRNAs encapsulated within the E-EVs may play a role in regulating target cell function. E-EVs may be new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Bio Bank Omics Unit, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Erika Azuma
- 1] Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan [2] Manufacturing &Engineering Lab., Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yanagibashi
- 1] Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan [2] Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Muramatsu
- 1] Bio Bank Omics Unit, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan [2] Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ting Ting Huang
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sagara
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Higaki
- Bio Bank Omics Unit, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- 1] Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan [2] Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyazaki
- The Center for Graduate Medical Education, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeru Hamashima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Zhang X, McGeoch SC, Johnstone AM, Holtrop G, Sneddon AA, MacRury SM, Megson IL, Pearson DWM, Abraham P, De Roos B, Lobley GE, O'Kennedy N. Platelet-derived microparticle count and surface molecule expression differ between subjects with and without type 2 diabetes, independently of obesity status. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 37:455-63. [PMID: 24097206 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-1000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of either type 2 diabetes or obesity, separately or in combination, on the absolute amounts of microparticles (MP) and the pathways by which these are associated with either condition. The concentrations of circulating MP derived from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP) and monocytes (MMP), together with their specific activation markers, were compared in 30 subjects who were characterised across 4 cohorts as obese or type 2 diabetes. The subjects with type 2 diabetes had elevated concentrations of total PMP (P = 0.003), and PMP that were fibrinogen-positive (P = 0.04), tissue factor-positive (P < 0.001), P-selectin-positive (P = 0.03). Type 2 diabetes did not alter either total or activated LMP or MMP. Obesity per se did not impact on any MP measurement. Elevated concentrations of plasma PMP occurred in subjects with type 2 diabetes, whether they were obese or non-obese. In contrast, obesity in the absence of type 2 diabetes had no effect. The increased concentrations of specific marker-positive PMP in the subjects with diabetes might reflect potential pathways by which PMP may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhang
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,
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130
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Soriano S, Carmona A, Triviño F, Rodriguez M, Alvarez-Benito M, Martín-Malo A, Alvarez-Lara MA, Ramírez R, Aljama P, Carracedo J. Endothelial damage and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1302-11. [PMID: 25339701 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00114.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the potential involvement of endothelial microparticles (MPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the generation of VC in CKD patients. The number of circulating EMPs is greater in patients with VC than without VC (307 ± 167 vs. 99 ± 75 EMPs/μl, P < 0.001). The percentage of EPCs is significantly lower in patient with VC than in patients without VC (0.14 ± 0.11% vs. 0.25 ± 0.18%, P = 0.002). The number of EPCs expressing osteocalcin (OCN) was higher in VC patients (349 ± 63 cells/100,000) than in non-VC patients (139 ± 75 cells/100,000, P < 0.01). In vitro, MPs obtained from CKD patients were able to induce OCN expression in EPCs from healthy donors; the increase in OCN expression was more accentuated if MPs were obtained from CKD patients with VC. MPs from CKD patients also induced OCN expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In CKD patients, the rise in endothelial MPs associated with a decrease in the number of EPCs, suggesting an imbalance in the processes of endothelial damage and repair in CKD patients, mainly those with VC. Our results suggest that EPCs, through OCN expression, may directly participate in the process of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Soriano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Andrés Carmona
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
| | | | - Mariano Rodriguez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
| | | | - Alejandro Martín-Malo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Maria-Antonia Alvarez-Lara
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and Biologia de Sistemas Department Módulo II-Planta B, Alcala de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Aljama
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and
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Vescovo VD, Grasso M, Barbareschi M, Denti MA. MicroRNAs as lung cancer biomarkers. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:604-620. [PMID: 25302165 PMCID: PMC4129526 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i4.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Its high mortality is due to the poor prognosis of the disease caused by a late disease presentation, tumor heterogeneities within histological subtypes, and the relatively limited understanding of tumor biology. Importantly, lung cancer histological subgroups respond differently to some chemotherapeutic substances and side effects of some therapies appear to vary between subgroups. Biomarkers able to stratify for the subtype of lung cancer, prognosticate the course of disease, or predict the response to treatment are in high demand. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs), measured in resected tumor samples or in fine needle aspirate samples have emerged as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to treatment, due to the ease of their detection and in their extreme specificity. Moreover, miRNAs present in sputum, in plasma, in serum or in whole blood have increasingly been explored in the last five years as less invasive biomarkers for the early detection of cancers. In this review we cover the increasing amounts of data that have accumulated in the last ten years on the use of miRNAs as lung cancer biomarkers.
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132
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Wheway J, Latham SL, Combes V, Grau GER. Endothelial microparticles interact with and support the proliferation of T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3378-87. [PMID: 25187656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells closely interact with circulating lymphocytes. Aggression or activation of the endothelium leads to an increased shedding of endothelial cell microparticles (MP). Endothelial MP (EMP) are found in high plasma levels in numerous immunoinflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral malaria, supporting their role as effectors and markers of vascular dysfunction. Given our recently described role for human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC) in modulating immune responses, we investigated how HBEC-derived MP could interact with and support the proliferation of T cells. Like their mother cells, EMP expressed molecules important for Ag presentation and T cell costimulation, that is, β2-microglobulin, MHC II, CD40, and ICOSL. HBEC were able to take up fluorescently labeled Ags with EMP also containing fluorescent Ags, suggestive of Ag carryover from HBEC to EMP. In cocultures, fluorescently labeled EMP from resting or cytokine-stimulated HBEC formed conjugates with both CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets, with higher proportions of T cells binding EMP from cytokine-stimulated cells. The increased binding of EMP from cytokinestimulated HBEC to T cells was VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 dependent. Finally, in CFSE T cell proliferation assays using anti-CD3 mAb or T cell mitogens, EMP promoted the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and that of CD8(+) T cells in the absence of exogenous stimuli and in the T cell mitogenic stimulation. Our findings provide novel evidence that EMP can enhance T cell activation and potentially ensuing Ag presentation, thereby pointing toward a novel role for MP in neuroimmunological complications of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wheway
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Valery Combes
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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Qamri Z, Pelletier R, Foster J, Kumar S, Momani H, Ware K, Von Visger J, Satoskar A, Nadasdy T, Brodsky SV. Early posttransplant changes in circulating endothelial microparticles in patients with kidney transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2014; 31:60-4. [PMID: 25008980 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are membrane vesicles shed from endothelial cell in response to injury, activation or apoptosis. Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD). The aim of this study was to analyze changes in EMP and serum creatinine (SCr) in patients following KTx. METHODS Blood was periodically collected from patients before (pre-KTx) and after KTx for two months. EMPs were identified as CD31(+)/CD42b(-) microparticles and quantified by fluorescence-activated cell scanning. RESULTS This study included 213 KTx, 14 kidney/pancreas (KPTx) recipients and 60 healthy donors prior to donation. The recipients were divided into 5 groups based on the cause of ESKD. No differences in the quantity of circulating EMP were seen in the pre-KPTx or KTx recipient sera and healthy donor sera. Patients with ESKD secondary to diabetes mellitus, obstructive/inherited kidney disease and autoimmune disease had a decrease in both circulating EMP and SCr by day 60 after KTx. CONCLUSION Reduction in both circulating EMP and SCr was seen after kidney KTx in patients with selective ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Qamri
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ronald Pelletier
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jamison Foster
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hammam Momani
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kyle Ware
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jon Von Visger
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anjali Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tibor Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
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134
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Circulating microparticles in patients with coronary heart disease and its correlation with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 40:6437-42. [PMID: 24078095 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are vesicles released from activated or apoptotic cells. MP derive from various cells, most notably platelets, but also leucocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial MP (EMP), platelet MP (PMP), lymphocyte MP and monocyte MP and TF-positive MPs (TF+ MPs) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to evaluate the correlation of these MPs with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Different cell-derived MPs and TF+ MPs were analyzed by flow cytometry in 40 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), 30 unstable angina (UA), 20 stable angina (SA) and 20 healthy individuals, and IL-6 and CRP were determined by ELISA and special protein analyzer, respectively. Compared with SA and control, EMP and PMP was significantly elevated in MI and UA (P < 0.001), and TF+ MPs was significantly elevated in MI and UA (P < 0.001). EMP and PMP correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.822, P < 0.001 and r = 0.567, P < 0.001; respectively) or CRP level (r = 0.597, P < 0.001 and r = 0.66, P < 0.001; respectively). Different cell-derived MPs in CHD may indicate the different pathophysiological changes in vessels, and MPs may both participate in the development of thrombosis and enhance the vascular inflammation.
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135
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Endothelial dysfunction in conduit arteries and in microcirculation. Novel therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:253-67. [PMID: 24928320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium not only is a single monolayer of cells between the vessel lumen and the intimal wall, but also plays an important role by controlling vascular function and structure mainly via the production of nitric oxide (NO). The so called "cardiovascular risk factors" are associated with endothelial dysfunction, that reduces NO bioavailability, increases oxidative stress, and promotes inflammation contributing therefore to the development of atherosclerosis. The significant role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis emphasizes the need for efficient therapeutic interventions. During the last years statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor antagonists, antioxidants, beta-blockers and insulin sensitizers have been evaluated for their ability to restore endothelial function (Briasoulis et al., 2012). As there is not a straightforward relationship between therapeutic interventions and improvement of endothelial function but rather a complicated interrelationship between multiple cellular and sub-cellular targets, research has been focused on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the development of novel diagnostic invasive and non-invasive methods has allowed the early detection of endothelial dysfunction expanding the role of therapeutic interventions and our knowledge. In the current review we present the available data concerning the contribution of endothelial dysfunction to atherogenesis and review the methods that assess endothelial function with a view to understand the multiple targets of therapeutic interventions. Finally we focus on the classic and novel therapeutic approaches aiming to improve endothelial dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.
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136
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Kretzschmar J, Babbitt DM, Diaz KM, Feairheller DL, Sturgeon KM, Perkins AM, Veerabhadrappa P, Williamson ST, Ling C, Lee H, Grimm H, Thakkar SR, Crabbe DL, Kashem MA, Brown MD. A standardized exercise intervention differentially affects premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women. Menopause 2014; 21:579-84. [PMID: 24193297 PMCID: PMC4013263 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African-American women represent an understudied population in menopause research yet face greater postmenopausal challenges associated with mortality than their white peers. We investigated the effects of a mild-intensity aerobic exercise training program on markers of mortality risk in both premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women. METHODS Sixteen premenopausal women and 19 postmenopausal women underwent 6 months of mild-intensity aerobic exercise training. Measurements included markers of blood lipid and glucose profile, inflammation, kidney function, vascular health, and aerobic fitness before and after the exercise intervention. RESULTS Before the exercise intervention, the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups only differed in age, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels, with the latter two being higher in the postmenopausal group. Both triglycerides and markers of early-stage endothelial dysfunction (CD62E endothelial microparticles) improved in both groups with aerobic exercise training. Aerobic fitness, glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, plasma glucose levels, and markers of late-stage endothelial dysfunction (CD31/CD42b endothelial microparticles) only improved in the premenopausal group. CONCLUSIONS Mild-intensity aerobic exercise training succeeds in improving some markers of cardiovascular disease and mortality in postmenopausal women. Higher levels of exercise intensity or perhaps additional interventions may need to be considered to further decrease mortality risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kretzschmar
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Keith M. Diaz
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah L. Feairheller
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Exercise Science Department, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Sturgeon
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M. Perkins
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Praveen Veerabhadrappa
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Education, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA, USA
| | - Sheara T. Williamson
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Notre Dame University of Maryland, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Chenyi Ling
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hojun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather Grimm
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunny R. Thakkar
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L. Crabbe
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Kashem
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D. Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Brodde M, Müller A, Kehrel B. Cellular Stress Induced by Plasma-Derived Factor VIII Products. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 41:140-4. [PMID: 24847190 DOI: 10.1159/000357992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified protein impurities in plasma-derived factor VIII (pdFVIII) products. The goal of the current experiments was to determine whether these impurities might have clinical relevance, by comparing the effects of pdFVIII and recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products on cellular stress induction. METHODS The in vitro outcomes on cell stress sensors of 2 pdFVIII products and 1 rFVIII product were evaluated. Microparticle formation was assessed in cells treated with the 3 products. Effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential were measured in cells treated with clinically relevant concentrations of each product. RESULTS Microparticle formation was induced in platelets by 1 pdFVIII product and in monocytes and granulocytes by both pdFVIII products; the rFVIII product did not affect microparticle formation. Both pdFVIII products, but not the rFVIII product, significantly depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSION The 2 pdFVIII products tested induced cellular stress in in vitro experiments. No such results were seen with the rFVIII product. Chronic activation of the cell stress defense system and chronic cell irritation may have clinical consequences for patients with hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brodde
- Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany ; OxProtect GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany ; OxProtect GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Beate Kehrel
- Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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Arraud N, Linares R, Tan S, Gounou C, Pasquet JM, Mornet S, Brisson AR. Extracellular vesicles from blood plasma: determination of their morphology, size, phenotype and concentration. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:614-27. [PMID: 24618123 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma and other body fluids contain membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are considered to derive from activated or apoptotic cells. EVs participate in physiological and pathological processes and have potential applications in diagnostics or therapeutics. Knowledge on EVs is, however, limited, mainly due to their sub-micrometer size and to intrinsic limitations in methods applied for their characterization. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to provide a comprehensive description of EVs from plasma of healthy subjects. METHODS Cryo-transmission electron microscopy combined with receptor-specific gold labeling was used to reveal the morphology, size and phenotype of EVs. An original approach based on sedimentation on electron microscopy grids was developed for enumerating EVs. A correlation was performed between conventional flow cytometry and electron microscopy results. RESULTS We show that platelet-free plasma samples contain spherical EVs, 30 nm to 1 μm in diameter, tubular EVs, 1-5 μm long, and membrane fragments, 1-8 μm large. We show that only a minority of EVs expose the procoagulant lipid phosphatidylserine, in contrast to the classical theory of EV formation. In addition, the concentrations of the main EV sub-populations are determined after sedimentation on EM grids. Finally, we show that conventional flow cytometry, the main method of EV characterization, detects only about 1% of them. CONCLUSION This study brings novel insights on EVs from normal plasma and provides a reference for further studies of EVs in disease situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arraud
- Imagerie Moléculaire et NanoBioTechnologie, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Pessac, France
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Wang M, Wang HH, Lakatta EG. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor VIII signaling in arterial wall remodeling. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 11:768-76. [PMID: 22272902 DOI: 10.2174/1570161111311050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arterial inflammation and remodeling, important sequellae of advancing age, are linked to the pathogenesis of age-associated arterial diseases e.g. hypertension, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders. Recently, high-throughput proteomic screening has identified milk fat globule epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) as a novel local biomarker for aging arterial walls. Additional studies have shown that MFG-E8 is also an element of the arterial inflammatory signaling network. The transcription, translation, and signaling levels of MFG-E8 are increased in aged, atherosclerotic, hypertensive, and diabetic arterial walls in vivo as well as activated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and a subset of macrophages in vitro. In VSMC, MFG-E8 increases proliferation and invasion as well as the secretion of inflammatory molecules. In endothelial cells (EC), MFG-E8 facilitates apoptosis. In addition, MFG-E8 has been found to be an essential component of the endothelial-derived microparticles that relay biosignals and modulate arterial wall phenotypes. This review mainly focuses upon the landscape of MFG-E8 expression and signaling in adverse arterial remodeling. Recent discoveries have suggested that MFG-E8 associated interventions are novel approaches for the retardation of the enhanced rates of VSMC proliferation and EC apoptosis that accompany arterial wall inflammation and remodeling during aging and age-associated arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging-National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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140
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Burnouf T, Goubran HA, Chou ML, Devos D, Radosevic M. Platelet microparticles: detection and assessment of their paradoxical functional roles in disease and regenerative medicine. Blood Rev 2014; 28:155-66. [PMID: 24826991 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing research on and clinical interest in the physiological role played by platelet microparticles (PMPs). PMPs are 0.1-1-μm fragments shed from plasma membranes of platelets that are undergoing activation, stress, or apoptosis. They have a phospholipid-based structure and express functional receptors from platelet membranes. As they are the most abundant microparticles in the blood and they express the procoagulant phosphatidylserine, PMPs likely complement, if not amplify, the functions of platelets in hemostasis, thrombosis, cancer, and inflammation, but also act as promoters of tissue regeneration. Their size and structure make them instrumental in platelet-cell communications as a delivery tool of platelet-borne bioactive molecules including growth factors, other signaling molecules and micro (mi)RNA. PMPs can therefore be a pathophysiological threat or benefit to the cellular environment when interacting with the blood vasculature. There is also increasing evidence that PMP generation is triggered during blood collection, separation into components, and storage, a phenomenon potentially leading to thrombotic and inflammatory side effects in transfused patients. Evaluating PMPs requires strict pre-analytical and analytical procedures to avoid artifactual generation and ensure accurate assessment of the number, size repartitioning, and functional properties. This review describes the physical and functional methods developed for analyzing and quantifying PMPs. It then presents the functional roles of PMPs as markers or triggers of diseases like thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and cancer, and discusses the possible detrimental immunological impact of their generation in blood components. Finally we review the potential function of PMPs in tissue regeneration and the prospects for their use in therapeutic strategies for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hadi Alphonse Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Ming-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Devos
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, EA 1046, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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141
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Liman TG, Bachelier-Walenta K, Neeb L, Rosinski J, Reuter U, Böhm M, Endres M. Circulating endothelial microparticles in female migraineurs with aura. Cephalalgia 2014; 35:88-94. [PMID: 24715500 DOI: 10.1177/0333102414529671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are vesicles that are released from activated endothelial cells and serve as a surrogate for endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED may be involved in migraine pathophysiology and contribute to the increased risk of ischemic stroke, particularly in female migraineurs with aura (MA). We sought to determine whether EMPs are elevated in women with MA. METHODS In this case-control study, EMPs were detected by analysing surface markers using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Surface markers were measured covering the main cell lines relevant in cardiovascular disease like endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes and leucocytes. Microparticles (MPs) were identified in correlation to calibration by 1 -µm calibrator beads (Beckman Coulter). Arterial stiffness was assessed using fingertip tonometry and the heart rate-adjusted augmentation index (AI). RESULTS We included 29 patients with MA and 29 matched controls. MA patients had significantly higher EMPs (CD62E(+)AnnexinV(+): 5142/µl vs 1535/µl; p < 0.001; CD144(+)AnnexinV(+): 6683/µl vs 3107/µl; p < 0.001), monocytic (CD14(+)AnnexinV(+) 6378 vs 3161; p < 0.001), and platelet MPs (CD62P(+)CD42b(+)AnnexinV(+) 5450 vs 3204; p < 0.001). Activated EMPs (CD62E(+)AnnexinV(+)) correlated with heart-rate adjusted AI (r = 0.46; p < 001). CONCLUSION EMP levels are significantly elevated in women with MA and correlated with increased AI. Our findings suggest that endothelial activation is present in women with MA. This might contribute to higher stroke risk in MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Liman
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Bachelier-Walenta
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Lars Neeb
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Rosinski
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Reuter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Germany
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142
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Hornby RJ, Starkey Lewis P, Dear J, Goldring C, Park BK. MicroRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury: key current and future issues for translation to humans. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:349-62. [PMID: 24694030 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.904201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common form of adverse drug reaction seen within the clinic. Sensitive, specific and non-invasive biomarkers of liver toxicity are required to help diagnose hepatotoxicity and also to identify safety liabilities during drug development. Limitations exist in the current gold standard DILI biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase is not liver-specific and therefore gives rise to false-positive signals. Interest has grown in the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of DILI. Some miRNAs display remarkable organ specificity, can be measured sensitively and are stable in a wide range of biofluids. However, little is currently known about the mechanisms through which miRNAs are released from cells. Furthermore, a clinically suitable method to measure miRNAs has not yet been developed. This review aims to highlight the current research surrounding these markers and areas in which further work is required to establish these markers within clinical and pre-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert James Hornby
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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143
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Microvesicles and diabetic complications--novel mediators, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:433-43. [PMID: 24608676 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), also known as microparticles, are small membrane vesicles released from different cell types under different conditions. MVs have been detected in the circulation and in organs/tissues in various diseases, including diabetes. Patients with different types of diabetes and complications have different cellular MV patterns. Studies have shown that MVs may mediate vascular thrombosis, vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, and other pathological processes of the disease through their procoagulant, pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, proteolytic, and other properties. Therefore, MVs contribute to the development of diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications. In addition, clinical studies have indicated that changes in MV number and composition may reflect the pathophysiological conditions of disease, and therefore, may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use. Understanding MVs' involvement in the pathophysiological conditions may provide insight into disease mechanisms and would also be helpful for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the future. Here, we review the latest publications from our group and other groups and focus on the involvement of MVs in diabetic complications.
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144
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that cell injury in lung tissues is closely connected to disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Microparticles (MPs) are shed membrane vesicles that are released from platelets, leukocytes, red blood cells, and endothelial cells when these cells are activated or undergo apoptosis under inflammatory conditions. Based on increasing evidence that endothelial injury in the pulmonary capillary vasculature leads to lung destruction, and because cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death among individuals with COPD, endothelial MPs (EMPs) are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers for COPD. There are eight types of EMPs which are defined by the presence of different endothelial markers on the cell membrane: vascular endothelial-cadherin; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; melanoma cell adhesion molecule; E-selectin; CD51; CD105; von Willebrand factor; and CD143 EMPs. Vascular endothelial-cadherin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and E-selectin EMPs are increased in patients with stable COPD and are further increased in patients with exacerbated COPD compared to non-COPD patients. In addition, the levels of these three EMPs in patients with stable COPD are significantly correlated with lung destruction and airflow limitation. These results indicate that endothelial injury is closely connected to the pathophysiology of COPD. Interestingly, the variations in the levels of the eight EMP subtypes were not identical with changes in patient condition. Although the clinical significance of the differences in these eight EMP subtypes remains unclear, evaluating the expression pattern of endothelial antigens on circulating MPs might predict the presence and degree of endothelial injury in COPD patients. In addition, circulating MPs are proposed to have several physiological functions in vivo, such as intercellular crosstalk; the increase in EMPs in COPD seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Cellular and molecular lung biology research units, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang X, McGeoch SC, Megson IL, MacRury SM, Johnstone AM, Abraham P, Pearson DWM, Roos B, Holtrop G, O'Kennedy N, Lobley GE. Oat‐enriched diet reduces inflammatory status assessed by circulating cell‐derived microparticle concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1322-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhang
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Division Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
- Provexis PLC, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Ian L. Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science University of the Highlands and Islands Inverness UK
| | - Sandra M. MacRury
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science University of the Highlands and Islands Inverness UK
| | - Alexandra M. Johnstone
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Division Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | | | | | - Baukje Roos
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Division Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Niamh O'Kennedy
- Provexis PLC, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health Aberdeen UK
| | - Gerald E. Lobley
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Division Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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146
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Rawal S, Manning P, Katare R. Cardiovascular microRNAs: as modulators and diagnostic biomarkers of diabetic heart disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:44. [PMID: 24528626 PMCID: PMC3976030 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the people with diabetes, with approximately 80% of the deaths in diabetics are due to cardiovascular complications. Importantly, heart disease in the diabetics develop at a much earlier stage, although remaining asymptomatic till the later stage of the disease, thereby restricting its early detection and active therapeutic management. Thus, a better understanding of the modulators involved in the pathophysiology of DHD is necessary for the early diagnosis and development of novel therapeutic implications for diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications. microRNAs (miRs) have recently been evolved as key players in the various cardiovascular events through the regulation of cardiac gene expression. Besides their credible involvement in controlling the cellular processes, they are also released in to the circulation in disease states where they serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. However, their potential role in DHD as modulators as well as diagnostic biomarkers is largely unexplored. In this review, we describe the putative mechanisms of the selected cardiovascular miRs in relation to cardiovascular diseases and discuss their possible involvement in the pathophysiology and early diagnosis of DHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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147
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Nielsen MH, Beck-Nielsen H, Andersen MN, Handberg A. A flow cytometric method for characterization of circulating cell-derived microparticles in plasma. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:20795. [PMID: 24511371 PMCID: PMC3916676 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous studies on circulating microparticles (MPs) indicate that the majority of MPs are of a size below the detection limit of most standard flow cytometers. The objective of the present study was to establish a method to analyze MP subpopulations above the threshold of detection of a new generation BD FACSAria™ III digital flow cytometer. METHODS We analyzed MP subpopulations in plasma from 24 healthy individuals (9 males and 15 females). MPs were identified according to their size (<1.0-µm), by Lactadherin-FITC labelling, and by exposure of cell-specific markers. The sensitivity of the flow cytometer was tested against that of a previous-generation instrument FC500. Reproducibility of the FACSAria and our set-up was investigated, and the percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposing MPs binding Lactadherin was determined. RESULTS By using a flow cytometric approach we identified and quantitated MPs derived from platelets, monocytes, erythrocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, levels of tissue factor-positive MPs were determined. The FACSAria demonstrated improved sensitivity and increased MP detection range compared to the FC500 instrument. The reproducibility of PS+PMP and PS+MP measurements was 11.7 and 23.2%, respectively. When expressed as a percentage of total MPs, the PS-positive MP population represented 15.1±5.5%, and PS-positive MPs were significantly increased in men. CONCLUSION We have established a method to measure MPs above the detection limit of a new generation flow cytometer and derived from a number of cell-types in a healthy population of men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hjuler Nielsen
- Danish PhD School of Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Nørgaard Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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148
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Nozaki T, Sugiyama S, Sugamura K, Ohba K, Matsuzawa Y, Konishi M, Matsubara J, Akiyama E, Sumida H, Matsui K, Jinnouchi H, Ogawa H. Prognostic value of endothelial microparticles in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 12:1223-8. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Nozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Koichi Sugamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Masaaki Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Junichi Matsubara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Eiichi Akiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sumida
- Interventional Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto City Japan
| | - Kunihiko Matsui
- Department of General Medicine; Yamaguchi University Hospital; Yamaguchi Japan
| | | | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto City 860-8556 Japan
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149
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Williams MS, Rogers HL, Wang NY, Ziegelstein RC. Do platelet-derived microparticles play a role in depression, inflammation, and acute coronary syndrome? PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 55:252-60. [PMID: 24374086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is an independent predictor of increased mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). There have been several mechanisms proposed to explain the link between depression and ischemic heart disease. Both abnormal platelet physiology and inflammation have been suggested as potential confounding variables. OBJECTIVE We set out to examine platelet activation, inflammation, and levels of depression in hospitalized patients presenting with ACS. METHODS We enrolled 28 patients with ACS and assessed levels of depression by PHQ-9. Platelet activation was assessed by the measurement of platelet microparticle levels and platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate and serotonin. Inflammatory markers were assessed by the measurement of TNF alpha, IL-6, and CRP. RESULTS We found that ACS patients with moderate depressive symptoms who had higher TNF alpha, IL-6, and CRP levels had higher levels of platelet microparticles. We also found that ACS patients with PHQ-9 ≥ 10 had higher platelet aggregation to ADP. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients hospitalized for the treatment of an ACS who have moderate depression have increased platelet aggregation. These patients also have a positive association between elevated inflammatory markers and platelet activation, thus suggesting a pro-inflammatory component in ACS patients with depressive symptoms that may alter platelet function. These results are intriguing in that a potential pathway to explain the connection between depression, inflammation, and increased cardiovascular thrombosis might be found when both platelet activation and inflammation are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather L Rogers
- Department of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, University of Deusto, Biscay, Spain
| | - Nae-Yuh Wang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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150
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Silva AKA, Di Corato R, Pellegrino T, Chat S, Pugliese G, Luciani N, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C. Cell-derived vesicles as a bioplatform for the encapsulation of theranostic nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11374-11384. [PMID: 23827988 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01541f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a great deal of interest in the development of nanoplatforms gathering versatility and multifunctionality. The strategy reported herein meets these requirements and further integrates a cell-friendly shell in a bio-inspired approach. By taking advantage of a cell mechanism of biomolecule transport using vesicles, we engineered a hybrid biogenic nanoplatform able to encapsulate a set of nanoparticles regardless of their chemistry or shape. As a proof of versatility, different types of hybrid nanovesicles were produced: magnetic, magnetic-metallic and magnetic-fluorescent vesicles, either a single component or multiple components, combining the advantageous properties of each integrant nanoparticle. These nanoparticle-loaded vesicles can be manipulated, monitored by MRI and/or fluorescence imaging methods, while acting as efficient nano-heaters. The resulting assets for targeting, imaging and therapy converge for the outline of a new generation of nanosystems merging versatility and multifunctionality into a bio-camouflaged and bio-inspired approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Andriola Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France.
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